#political_analysis

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Admirable Articles of Botswana's Constitution

6. Protection from slavery and forced labour (Part of it)

1. No person shall be held in slavery or servitude.

2. No person shall be required to perform forced labour.

3. For the purposes of this section, the expression "forced labour" does not include—

4. any labour required during any period of public emergency or in the event of any other emergency or calamity that threatens the life and well-being of the community, to the extent that the requiring of such labour is reasonably justifiable in the circumstances of any situation arising or existing during that period or as a result of that other emergency or calamity, for the purpose of dealing with that situation; or

8. Protection from deprivation of property

1. No property of any description shall be compulsorily taken possession of, and no interest in or right over property of any description shall be compulsorily acquired, except where the following conditions are satisfied, that is to say—

the taking of possession or acquisition is necessary or expedient—

in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public health, town and country planning or land settlement;

in order to secure the development or utilization of that, or other, property for a purpose beneficial to the community; or

in order to secure the development or utilization of the mineral resources of Botswana; and

provision is made by a law applicable to that taking of possession or acquisition—

for the prompt payment of adequate compensation; and

securing to any person having an interest in or right over the property a right of access to the High Court, either direct or on appeal from any other authority, for the determination of his or her interest or right, the legality of the taking of possession or acquisition of the property, interest or right, and the amount of any compensation to which he or she is entitled, and for the purpose of obtaining prompt payment of that compensation.

2. No person who is entitled to compensation under this section shall be prevented from remitting, within a reasonable time after he or she has received any amount of that compensation, the whole of that amount (free from any deduction, charge or tax made or levied in respect of its remission) to any country of his or her choice outside Botswana.

14. Protection of freedom of movement

1. No person shall be deprived of his or her freedom of movement, and for the purposes of this section the said freedom means the right to move freely throughout Botswana, the right to reside in any part of Botswana, the right to enter Botswana and immunity from expulsion from Botswana.

2. Any restriction on a person's freedom of movement that is involved in his or her lawful detention shall not be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section.

3. Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this section to the extent that the law in question makes provision—

a. for the imposition of restrictions that are reasonably required in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or public health or the imposition of restrictions on the acquisition or use by any person of land or other property in Botswana and except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof, is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society;

b. for the imposition of restrictions on the freedom of movement of any person who is not a citizen of Botswana;

c. for the imposition of restrictions on the entry into or residence within defined areas of Botswana of persons who are not Bushmen to the extent that such restrictions are reasonably required for the protection or well-being of Bushmen;

d. for the imposition of restrictions upon the movement or residence within Botswana of public officers; or

e. [Repealed.]

4. If any person whose freedom of movement has been restricted by order under such a provision as is referred to in subsection (3)(a) of this section (other than a restriction which is applicable to persons generally or to general classes of persons) so requests at any time during the period of that restriction not earlier than six months after the order was made or six months after he or she last made such request, as the case may be, his or her case shall be reviewed by an independent and impartial tribunal presided over by a person, qualified to be enrolled as an advocate in Botswana, appointed by the Chief Justice.

5. On any review by a tribunal in pursuance of this section of the case of a person whose freedom of movement has been restricted, the tribunal may make recommendations, concerning the necessity or expediency of continuing the restriction to the authority by which it was ordered but, unless it is otherwise provided by law, that authority shall not be obliged to act in accordance with any such recommendations.

53. Prerogative of Mercy

The President may—

grant to any person convicted of any offence a pardon, either free or subject to lawful conditions;

grant to any person a respite, either indefinite or for a specified period, of the execution of any punishment imposed on that person for any offence;

substitute a less severe form of punishment for any punishment imposed on any person for any offence; and

remit the whole or part of any punishment imposed on any person for any offence or of any penalty or forfeiture otherwise due to the Government on account of any offence.

by Dunilefra, working for Constitutional Law

[politic-things]

صفحه دو: نتیجه انتخابات شهرداری استانبول و پیامدهای آن برای ترکیه

[dunilefra]

Constitution of Azerbaijan

Article 6. Banning of Power Usurpation

I. No part of the Azerbaijan people, either an individual, or a social group or an organization has the right to usurp the authority of the Azerbaijan people to exercise the power.

II. Power usurpation is the most serious crime directed against the people.

Article 15. Economic Development and the State

II. The Azerbaijan State creates conditions for the development of a socially oriented economy, guarantees free enterprise and prevents monopolies and unfair competition in economic relations.

Article 26. Protection of Human rights and civil liberties

I. Everyone is authorized to defend his or her human rights and freedoms by accepted means.

Article 27. Right to Life

I. Everyone has the right to life.

II. Every citizen's right to life is inviolable with the exception of cases when as a result of the armed attack, an enemy soldier is killed, capital punishment is executed according to the court's decision and other cases specified by law.

III. Capital punishment as an extreme measure of punishment is still in force and can be applied to an individual for committing a grave crime against the State and different persons.

IV. Except in case of necessary defense, dire necessity, apprehension and detention of a criminal, prevention of an escape by a prisoner, prevention of a revolt or coup against the State, an armed attack against the country, the use of a weapon against a human is not permitted.

Article 29. Right to Property

VI. Land ownership may be restricted by law due to social justice and for efficient use of the land.

Article 34. Right to Marriage

I. Everybody has the right to marriage upon reaching the age specified by law.

II. Marriage is contracted on the basis of voluntary consent. No one shall be forced to marry.

III. Family and marriage are under the protection of the State. Mothers, fathers and children shall be protected by law. The State renders assistance to large families.

IV. The rights of husband and wife are equal. The care and raising of children is the right and obligation of both parents.

V. CPower usurpation is the most serious crime directed against the people.

children upon reaching the age of 18 have the duty to support their invalid parents.

a project by Dunilefra, working for Political Reform