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precisionmoldedplastics · 3 years ago

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BIOPLASTICS & INJECTION MOLDING

As the interest in environmentally-friendly business and consumer practices increases, so does the desire for novel approaches and greater efforts towards addressing the issues surrounding plastic manufacturing, usage, waste, recycling and management. As part of that discussion, the term bioplastics is being used more frequently. What exactly does the expression mean, what are the issues and options associated with it, and how does it fit into a modern ecologically-sound commercial framework? As with most complex topics, the answers are somewhat complicated and are not unanimously agreed upon, although we attempt to review the basics in this article.

FACTORS

To begin with, there are two main factors associated with bioplastics. While often used somewhat synonymously, they actually are distinct concepts. The difference between the two ideas is fairly straightforward, as one deals with what can be referred to as the beginning-of-life of a material, with the other covering the end-of-life of a product.

Biobased

The first factor related to bioplastics is whether the material is biobased, which means the source is a biomass or that some or all the raw materials have a biological origin (i.e., plant or animal material). In other words, the source has a non-fossil origin. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), “Biobased content is how much ‘new’ or recent organic carbon is in an object or substance, compared to the amount of ‘old’ organic carbon it contains.” Put slightly differently, “the term biomass covers all materials of biological origin, apart from fossil materials and/or those incorporated into geological formations.” (Information Document 536 (EN) – 19.10, TUV Austria.) Thus, biobased products provide an alternative to conventional petroleum-derived products.

Basically, this refers to renewable resources (those that naturally can replenish themselves), as opposed to nonrenewable resources (those that are limited in supply and cannot be used sustainably), which include oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas and coal collectively are referred to as fossil fuels, which were formed from dead plants and animals over millions of years - hence the USDA’s reference to “new” vs. “old.”

Biodegradable

The second aspect of bioplastics is whether the substance is biodegradable. As defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), biodegradation is the “breakdown of a substance catalysed by enzymes [macromolecules] in vitro [in a laboratory] or in vivo [in a living body].” Generally speaking, a material is biodegradable “only if microbes [i.e., microorganisms or microscopic organisms] in the environment can break it down and use it as a food source.” Further, whether and to what extent a material is biodegradable depends on its molecular structure and not on its source. More specifically for our purposes here, a biodegradable plastic is “a plastic in which all the organic carbon can be converted into biomass, water, carbon dioxide, and/or methane via the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, in timeframes consistent with the ambient conditions of the disposal method.”

Additionally, although often used interchangeably, the terms biodegradable and compostable mean somewhat different things. While biodegradable means that a substance can decompose by bacteria or other living organisms, a compostable plastic is defined by the ASTM as “a plastic that undergoes degradation by biological processes during composting to yield carbon dioxide (CO2), water, inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and that leaves no visible, distinguishable, or toxic residue.” (Emphasis added.) Thus, all compostable materials are biodegradable, but not all biodegradable materials are compostable. Additionally, most compostability definitions refer to industrial or commercial composting facilities, although some include home composting programs.

TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS

Using the two elements of biobased and biodegradable, there can be three different types of bioplastics.

1) Biobased Plastics. Resins that are biobased are derived in whole or in part from organic materials from plants or animals (i.e., a biomass). Not all biobased plastics are biodegradable.

2) Biodegradable Plastics. Plastics that are biodegradable can be chemically broken down by microorganisms in the environment within a limited period of time. Also, note that some biodegradable plastics have a non-biobased source, like petroleum, contrary to popular belief.

3) Biobased and Biodegradable Plastics. Some bioplastics are both biodegradable and are partially or wholly made from a biobased source.

BIOCOMPOSITES

Another type of material included within the category of bioplastics are compounds or composites containing a combination of substances.

A composite is a material that is produced from two or more constituent materials having different physical or chemical properties. Further, a biocomposite is formed by polymers derived from renewable (i.e., having a biological origin) and nonrenewable materials. In addition, composites usually include a combination of resin (a matrix or binding agent) and a fiber reinforcement, which can consist of either natural or synthetic fibers. Biocomposites generally contain a petroleum-based plastic and an organic filler, although some combine natural fibers with biobased or biodegradable resins. Further, natural fibers include wood fibers (recycled and non-recycled) and non-wood fibers, including straw, bast, leaf, seed, fruit, and grass.

RECYCLING PLASTICS

Another important topic included within the discussion on bioplastics is that of recycling. According to the CalRecycle Glossary of Waste Prevention Terms, the term recycling means “using waste as material to manufacture a new product. Recycling involves altering the physical form of an object or material and making a new object from the altered material.” Correspondingly, the ASTM defines recycled plastic as “those plastics composed of postconsumer material or recovered material only, or both, that may or may not have been subject to additional processing steps of the types used to make products such as recycled-regrind or reprocessed or reconstituted plastics.”

Generally speaking, there are three end-of-life options for recycling plastics - mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and organic recycling. Mechanical recycling basically consists of melting plastic waste, which does not alter the molecular structure of the material. Chemical recycling modifies the plastic with the use of a chemical agent or process. Finally, organic recycling involves the disintegration of plastic materials in a municipal or industrial composting facility via aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biomethanization) treatment. The output of these recycling efforts often consists of bioplastic granules that can be used to make plastic products (thus becoming a beginning-of-life option), thereby completing the circular recycling process or loop.

Additionally, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “The ability of biobased plastics to be recycled varies. Some forms of biobased plastic cannot be recycled together with petroleum-based plastics due to chemical structure incompatibility, while other biobased plastics may have compatible chemical structures that allow for recycling together with petroleum-based plastics.”

TESTING & CERTIFICATIONS

In the United States, there are certain standards, legal requirements and labeling guidelines relating to the different kinds of bioplastics.

Biobased Bioplastics

Because some bioplastics are not entirely made from a biomass, there are two approaches to analyzing their composition. First, you can look at the “biobased content, based on the amount of biomass in a product, taking account of the four key components: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; The bio-based content is expressed as a percentage of the overall weight of the product in question.” Alternatively, “the biobased carbon content is focused on carbon and is generally expressed as a percentage of the carbon the product contains (organic carbon or total carbon).” (See ASTM D6866 and ISO 16620-1:2015.)

To determine the biobased content of a product and whether it can be certified as such, the USDA uses the requirements set forth in ASTM D6866. Additionally, as part of its BioPreferred program, the USDA maintains a voluntary labeling initiative where businesses may display the USDA Certified Biobased Product label on products that meet the USDA criteria for containing a verified amount of renewable biological ingredients (i.e., biobased content).

Compostable Bioplastics

In California and in some other states, it is illegal to use the term “biodegradable” in marketing claims related to plastic products, because the expression often is used to describe items that do not meet ASTM standards for compostability and, therefore, are contaminants for composters. In addition, for a label to state a product is “compostable” or “marine degradable,” that product must meet the applicable ASTM standard.

In the United States, for plastics to be considered compostable, they must be certified according to ASTM D6400 (or ASTM D6868 for biodegradable coatings). As stated by the standard, “The purpose of this specification is to establish standards for identifying products and materials that will compost satisfactorily in commercial and municipal composting facilities.” D6400 specifies three criteria for compostable plastics: (1) Disintegration; (2) Mineralization or Inherent Biodegradation; and (3) Safety considerations. It also creates labeling requirements for compostable materials.

Regarding labeling, the Biodegradable Products Institute (BPI) has created a compostable logo to place on products that meet the applicable ASTM specification. The BPI is the only third-party verification of ASTM standards for compostable products in North America. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has adopted the Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims or the Green Guides, which govern the marketing of environmentally friendly products and the use of certifications, seals and claims regarding the attributes of the associated products.

PURPORTED BENEFITS

Although a consensus does not appear to exist, there are many claims regarding the present and potential benefits of bioplastics. Some of the commonly discussed ones include:

• They save fossil resources by using biomass.

• Many are biodegradable.

• Bioplastic production consumes less fossil energy.

• Bioplastic production has fewer carbon dioxide emissions.

• Bioplastic production can help reduce dependence on imports and may create jobs and export opportunities.

• Use of bioplastics results in a reduction of our carbon footprint.

• Bioplastic usage reduces the global warming potential.

• Biobased products help us increase our use of renewable resources, while decreasing our use of non-renewable resources, such as petroleum.

• There is an alleged decrease in environmental toxicity.

• There is a potential reduction in litter and in the amount of trash sent to landfills.

• Bioplastics are cost-comparative, readily available, and perform as well or better than their petroleum-containing counterparts.

• The bioplastics industry is making a strong effort to use agricultural residues (cellulosics), other waste streams, and feedstocks that do not compete with food markets.

POSSIBLE ISSUES

In addition to the intended benefits of bioplastics, some people have expressed concerns regarding their impact on the environment or regarding their alleged advantage over other materials. Some of those issues include the following:

• Questions have been raised about the relative toxicity of bioplastics to conventional plastics.

• Some non-biobased plastics are biodegradable.

• Some biobased plastics are non-biodegradable.

• Bioplastic production consumes fossil energy and has carbon dioxide emissions.

• Bioplastics production results in pollutants, due to the fertilizers and pesticides used in growing the crops and the chemical processing needed to turn organic material into plastic.

• Bioplastics have some impact on food supply and availability.

• Most bioplastics can be broken down by microorganisms and become part of the natural world again in a short period of time, only if they are collected and composted in a carefully controlled, high-temperature industrial composting facility — and there aren’t many of those, especially in developing countries where the problem of plastic pollution is most severe.

• If bioplastics end up in landfills, as many do, without enough oxygen to break them down, they can last for centuries and release methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

• If bioplastics are thrown into the environment, they pose threats similar to other plastics.

• Many experts believe the solution to plastic waste mainly lies not in developing better bioplastics, but in overhauling the world’s economy to recycle far-greater quantities of plastic than currently are being reused.

To make these kinds of determinations, many analysts perform a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a data gathering and analysis tool that broadly assesses environmental benefits and burdens of a product. This approach is utilized by the EPA, for example. The procedures followed for an LCA often are those contained within the 14000 series of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

INJECTION MOLDING

Bioplastics can be used in many of the same ways as other plastics - for packaging, parts, components, disposables, durable goods, etc. Additionally, they can play a role in products associated with many different industries, such as agriculture, automotive, medical, food and beverage, and consumer goods.

When it comes to injection molding, bioplastics can have unique characteristics and perform in ways distinct from petroleum-based plastics. Thus, while the same general principles apply, to achieve quality, injection molded, bioplastic parts efficiently and consistently, some different approaches may need to be taken when building molds and certain modified processes utilized when manufacturing parts.

However, adequate experience working with these materials can result in producing parts historically thought to be achievable only by using traditional plastics. For example, Precision Molded Plastics manufactures bioplastic parts with durable living hinges (as shown in the image at the top of this article), which generally need to be made from polypropylene. Further, maintaining a good, working relationship with bioplastic manufacturers can be indispensable during the research and development phase of a new project using bioresins.

CONCLUSION

The awareness of environmental issues and desire to adopt ecologically-friendly business and lifestyle approaches is widespread and growing. As part of this trend, attention has been focused on plastic usage and waste management. Consequently, many in the public and private sectors have worked on developing sophisticated recycling systems. In addition, research into biobased and biodegradable materials and the manufacturing and utilization of bioresins have increased. While a complete consensus about the potential benefits of these materials may not exist, using bioplastics, coupled with greater recycling methodologies and adoption, may assist in achieving a cleaner world, a healthier population, and a better tomorrow.

Questions?

Feel free to contact our support team. We’re here to help.

Ash Brown // VP, Business Development

NOTICE

This article is intended to give a relatively academic and objective, although brief, summary of the topics and considerations related to bioplastics. It was not written or published to advocate for any specific viewpoint or for the use of any particular type of materials.

Virtually all products impact the environment. Accordingly, Precision Molded Plastics makes no express or implied claims regarding the biomass content, the biodegradability, or any environmental attributes or benefits of any of the products with which it is associated, or of bioplastics in general, or of any comparative advantage of bioplastics to other materials, and any such information must and should be obtained directly from the plastic resin manufacturers.

For more information, go to https://www.usda.gov, https://www.epa.gov, https://www.energy.gov, or https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov.

#bioplastic #bioplastics #bioresin #bioresins #biopolymer #biopolymers #plasticinjectionmolding #injectionmolding #recycling #sustainability #environment #ecology

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your-dietician · 4 years ago

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The Limits of the “Sustainable” Economy

New Post has been published on https://tattlepress.com/economy/the-limits-of-the-sustainable-economy/

The Limits of the “Sustainable” Economy

Faced with compelling evidence that the world is approaching climate and ecologic tipping points, urgent solutions and actions are a priority. Transitioning to a so-called “circular economy” (CE) has been put forward as a possible solution, and enthusiastically seized upon by both industry and policy makers.

The concept gained attention in the late eighties, after researchers at General Motors first envisioned a “closed loop” approach to production processes. In 2009, Dame Ellen MacArthur (the famous round-the-world solo sailor) launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which has very successfully popularized the CE manifesto. Today the foundation has an impressive list of around 180 partner and member organizations, and regulators in some regions of the world, particularly the EU, are actively implementing CE agendas.

CE presents an enticing idea based on three core principles: design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems by using renewable materials and energy. Industry is invited to rip up the rule book by moving away from the linear make-use-dispose tradition to an idealized and more sustainable approach where products are made more durable, continually repaired, remanufactured, reused, and finally recycled. The proposition is compelling: as CE endeavors tend to be labor intensive, and therefore aim to ensure resource efficiency, it is argued that their adoption will help to create employment and increase economic growth (for example, the EU estimates 700,000 new jobs and an increase in GDP of 0.5%).

But CE is not without its critics. While praising the objectives promoted by CE, many question its core premises, its effectiveness, and its practicability. In particular, the ability of recycling, designing for durability, use of renewable production inputs, and adoption of alternative usage models to limit society’s consumption of raw materials and energy is not guaranteed, given practical and environmental constraints and people’s economic and quality-of-life expectations.

The Limits of Recyclability

All materials degrade and disperse over time and with use. Textile and paper fibers, for example, are shortened by recycling; trace copper in steel prevents it being used in sheet metal; silicon in aluminum limits its use in cast alloys; and so on. Consequently, it is important to understand that materials can never progress through life purely in “lines” or “circles.” Instead, they move through highly complex supply networks, and the popularly conceived repeating circular motion of reuse and recycling is in fact a downward spiral.

What’s more, collecting end-of-life products and materials and restoring them to a re-usable state itself requires energy inputs and new materials. In some cases, recycling and reuse can have even greater environmental impacts than production using virgin resources. For example, the use of recycled crushed concrete in cement can be better or worse for the environment, depending on the specifics of each situation (including where the materials are produced and where they are used).

Given the limitless variety of products and materials in waste, scaling-up collection and recycling operations to deliver materials back for their original use and purpose can involve insurmountable complexity. The EU alone has identified 650 different types of waste, many of which themselves are complex mixes of different products from hundreds of producers, as in, for example, electronic equipment.

This complexity does not decrease if greater volumes are diverted to recycling. Consequently, closed-loop approaches tend to be limited to commonly used and simple materials such as aluminum beverage cans, PET bottles, and lead-acid batteries. Key obstacles are:

Consumers: The number of different types of waste materials consumers can reasonably be expected to separate for collection, or at drop-off points (for example, one borough in the UK, Newcastle-under-Lyme, has provided residents with no less than nine separate waste bins).

Collection: The number of different waste materials that can be collected separately. Collection points have limited space, few safeguards against cross-contamination, and, of course, waste needs to be bulked-up for efficient and cost-effective transport.

Sorting: Separating waste for specific manufacturers or even specific technical applications during recycling is often impractical and unaffordable since the desired waste materials arise over wide geographic areas globally, and perhaps many years after they were produced.

Transportation: For many industries, adopting the closed-loop approach to recycling preferred under a CE approach would involve returning materials to original factories as far away as China. This can lead to greater environmental impacts than recycling materials for lower grade applications, or even than by using virgin materials.

The effect of these factors is that waste materials are inevitably commingled and processed mechanically in bulk. If any link in the recycling chain becomes too complex or expensive, or simply not viable, there is a danger that the whole flow will divert to landfill.

The Limits of Durability

In order to reduce the overall energy and materials required for original production, CE advocates argue that products should be designed to be longer-lasting, and that they should be reused and repaired wherever possible, with recycling being seen only as a last resort. But these solutions can have unintended adverse consequences.

Making products more durable is intended to prolong their life, thus reducing the total number manufactured over their working lifetime. However, consumers can be fashion conscious and tire of a product long before its end of life; new technology can make perfectly functioning products obsolete (music and film streaming services, wirelessly connected smart speakers, connected home systems, and so forth); consumer demand can dictate size and or weight considerations that preclude more efficient design. In fact, to meet climate targets it will be necessary to replace products entirely where new technology is more efficient or is part of a renewable energy infrastructure (such as electric cars and solar panels).

What’s more, durability can be difficult to estimate. EU policy makers are considering requiring producers to provide information on the expected average lifetime of electrical and electronic goods to consumers — for example, through product labels or instructions. This approach certainly can be useful in some cases (mechanical devices and foodstuffs, for example). But there is no way to accurately predict or collect any statistics on the lifetime of newly-designed complex electronic products such as TVs or computers in advance — the failure rate of electronic circuitry is truly random, and such products cannot be subjected to accelerated testing.

CE advocates argue that “upgradeable” modular product designs could allow for technology development, as used for complex manufactured systems like computers. However, this can have severe limitations with consumer products. New technology often needs an entirely different architecture (for example, it is not possible to fit a flat screen to an old CRT TV). In addition, components are becoming more integrated rather than modular in order to reduce power demands (for example, mobile phone circuitry and “system on a chip” computer processors). Modular designs can also require additional materials to allow easy and safe interchange of modules (for example, providing battery compartments in electronic products).

Manufacturing more durable products typically requires additional and/or different materials. These materials will be wasted if consumers insist on taking advantage of new design features, for example, ice makers in refrigerators, the latest fashions in clothing, eco-cycles in dishwashers, and the latest large LED screens in TVs, and so discard their less up-to-date products anyway. Consumer behavior issues cannot simply or easily be resolved through incentives, education, or even legislation: for example, most consumers buying “bags for life” forget to reuse them despite information campaigns and bag charges.

It is true that manufacturing new products typically has higher environmental impacts than repair or reuse of existing ones. However, repair and reuse do not always substitute for new product sales. Consumers who would not otherwise buy a new item may only buy a second-hand one because it is cheap. In this situation no resources have been “saved.” Furthermore, the seller may then use the proceeds towards buying a new product (a “rebound effect”), with the net result that more products are then in circulation. For products that depend on materials and energy to operate, such as printers, cars, or dishwashers, increased ownership means even more resources and energy will be consumed as the products are used.

Another challenge with repair and remanufacturing is that manufacturing low volumes of highly technical parts on demand is unfeasible, so the quantity of parts that will eventually be needed must be predicted, manufactured in advance, and stored in warehouses (all energy consuming processes). Overestimates may be highly costly and lead to waste, and underestimates to otherwise repairable products reaching end of life prematurely. Alternative CE-type approaches may be more effective: spare parts can be recovered when needed from unrepairable or discarded and unwanted equipment or produced using 3D printing for more simple parts.

The Limits of Renewable Inputs

CE advocates claim the approach will regenerate nature by preserving and enhancing renewable resources in place of non-renewables. However, renewable resources can result in substantial environmental impacts of their own, and so should be used judiciously.

For example, the use of nutrients from waste in agriculture or in nature regeneration also will cause ecological damage if used in excess, such as fish-killing green algae blooms (eutrophication); some renewable materials can degrade into harmful by-products as waste (such as oxy-degradable bio-plastics which are soon to be banned by the EU); and the burning of wood fuel is a major cause of air pollution (responsible for an estimated 38% of air pollution in the UK).

Furthermore, using renewables in place of non-renewables can have substantial knock-on effects. For example, substituting bamboo for plastic has been criticized for issues such as intensive chemicals usage; although the movement to ban plastic bags is certainly a good step towards reducing littering and pollution and protecting marine bio-diversity, replacing plastic bags entirely with paper bags can actually increase overall environmental impact. Such complicated trade-offs must be given proper consideration.

Regeneration of ecosystems is a complex issue which cannot be solved by renewables alone. Addressing the decline in the earth’s natural systems and biodiversity requires careful stewardship, conservation, and the protection of vast areas of land and natural forest in perpetuity.

The Limits of Alternative Usage Models

An important feature of the CE approach is the trend away from physical ownership towards pay-per-use services. Examples include, leasing products rather than buying them (as with automobiles and photocopiers) and sharing through platforms (such as bike and ride sharing). The assumptions behind these ideas are that because businesses would be responsible for the entire life-cycle costs of products, they would act to design more durable, repairable, and recyclable products, take-back products efficiently at end-of-use, and regard them as valuable assets to be utilized to the maximum extent. However, these solutions come with problems.

To begin with, even a quick look at the automobile market casts a dubious searchlight on the environmental benefits of leasing. The car manufacturer sells the car to the leasing company and then loses interest. The leasing company customer uses the car for 2-4 years, and hands it back in exchange for a new model. The car is then passed to auction, and eventually sold on the used car market, and demand and consumption are increased — more cars on the road consuming more fuel. In some cases, leasing services (which are a form of “pay per use”) actually drive-up demand for new products. Indeed, leasing can be viewed as another approach to selling – a form of credit agreement that gives access to otherwise unaffordable goods.

Sharing schemes, as opposed to individual ownership, such as for city bicycles or garden and DIY tools, can help lower demand for new products and consequently reduce materials consumption. However, due to lower cost and increased convenience, they can also have perverse effects. As an example, the use of ride-hail services as a substitute for public transport can increase car usage. In addition, recent research has found bike sharing schemes come with an unexpected carbon impact vs individual ownership as vans are used to bring bikes back to busy transport hubs at peak times.

***

As noted in an HBR article in the July/August 2021 issue, there is no doubt whatsoever of the substantial potential that product life extension, re-use, repair, and recycling can have for improving resource efficiency when used appropriately. Unfortunately, contemporary research has revealed that the CE manifesto can lead to unintended and counter-productive outcomes if not properly assessed in terms of environmental impacts and practical feasibility. As Gifford Pinchot, a founding conservationist, explained over a century ago: “Conservation means the wise use of the earth and its resources for the lasting good.”

The total mass of human made materials is now estimated to outweigh all natural biomass on the planet, and the total amount of waste disposed of each year is simply dwarfed by the quantities consumed for new production. Focusing entirely on product end-of-life management without also addressing the greater and growing problem of over-consumption would be to miss the point entirely. Greater wisdom can help us plot a course towards a more sustainable industrial ecology. To be sure, we should build on the momentum of the CE movement but let us also be fully aware of its limitations.

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breebeelee · 4 years ago

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The Truth About Gold: The Inside Scoop on Gold, Platinum, and Palladium Jewellery

Are you sitting down? We need to talk. Remodelling jewellery There is some thing you need to recognise approximately your White Gold Jewellery:

White gold is yellow.

Not yellow like an omelette, however it's far yellow. It seems white in a jewelry store, and it charges less than platinum, however over the years white gold can also go back to its original colour. Your white gold jewelry may want to want to be deepwhite time and again, a technique as a way to make a larger dent for your financial savings than a platinum ring might.

To apprehend what's occurring, first you want to find out how gold is used in jewelry. I may also provide an explanation for the differences among "nine karat," "14 karat," and "18 karat" gold, and compare gold to different comparable metals such as Palladium, Platinum, and Silver.

PURE GOLD

Gold, evidently, is a soft malleable steel with an severe yellow colour.

Pure gold is often taken into consideration "too" yellow for most people's tastes, and its softness makes for very delicate jewellery in its natural form. Pure (24k) gold jewelry is a lot too gentle to defend a solitaire diamond, or for any piece of jewelry in an effort to be worn often.

So, for these superb reasons jewellers will mix other metals into gold, developing alloys. The metals they pick out to mix with gold create unique colours - making an allowance for a few loopy mixtures along with inexperienced, purple, and pink gold. Popular shades are rose gold, yellow gold, and white gold.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOLD

Yellow Gold: Gold in its natural form is yellow. Yellow gold is mixed with metals such as copper and zinc to reduce its price, increase sturdiness, and tone down its yellow coloration. White Gold: White gold is an alloy of yellow gold and at least one white metallic (frequently palladium.) Almost all white gold is plated with rhodium, which I will provide an explanation for in a chunk. There isn't any such issue as pure white gold, in view that it would be yellow. Rose Gold: There is no such element as natural rose gold both, seeing that rose gold is an alloy of gold and copper. Rose gold, purple gold, and purple gold are all crafted from varying mixtures of gold, copper, and (every now and then) small amounts of silver. The varying percentage of copper used determines the coloration of the gold. KARATS

There are different mixes with varying purities of gold used. The term "karat" is used to indicate the share of gold in an alloy. "Karat" is mentioned like "Carat" (which refers back to the weight of a diamond) but its meaning is distinct. Karat is frequently abbreviated as "kt" or "okay." Pure gold is 24 karats so 1 karat of gold is 1/24 gold, or 4.Sixteen% pure.

9k Gold: 37.Five% natural. Stamped 375. Calling 9k "gold" is like calling a hot canine "meat." It's a gold-ish funk with some gold in it. 9k isn't always recognized as gold in many nations which include the U.S. 10k Gold: 41.7% natural. Stamped 417. 10k remains much less than 50% gold, however it meets the legal karat limit to be considered "actual" gold in the United States. It is unusual in first-class jewelry and generally taken into consideration to be of bad nice. 14k Gold: fifty eight.3% natural. Stamped 583/584. 14k is the maximum famous shape of gold because it wears properly, is proof against scratches, and is extra long lasting than the higher karat values. It is incredible to be used in jewelry. 18k Gold: seventy five.0% natural. Stamped 750. 18k is the minimal gold wellknown for sale in Italy. It is yellower and greater malleable than 14k, however considered to be pinnacle best. It is also wonderful for use in jewelry. 24k Gold: 24K gold is 100% gold and is popular in Asia. However it is generally taken into consideration to be too smooth for use in earrings. RHODIUM PLATING

Many gold mixes nonetheless do no longer gain the preferred colour. For instance, a yellow tint is present in all white gold. To masks white gold's genuine shade, jewellers coat it with a lustrous white steel called Rhodium."Rhodium Plating" looks exceptional, and offers your jewelry a replicate-like end. However, considering the fact that it's far only a coating it may wear down over the years. When this occurs, your jewelry will lose its luster. If the principle steel is white gold, it'll start to seem a stupid, faded yellow.

People wear their jewelry in a different way, and there may be no manner to accurately predict how long your rhodium plating will remaining. On earrings and Necklaces it could last a very long time, due to the fact the ones pieces revel in very little physical touch with the environment. Rings and bracelets are a exclusive tale. Constant wear on a hoop can reason rhodium to rub off in as little as six months. From my experience each selling and carrying white gold jewellery, it seems that a hoop will need to be re-plated more or less as soon as every six months to two years.

Your neighborhood jeweller can rhodium plate your ring for you. The technique takes a couple of minutes if they are able to do it on-website online, or up to at least one week if they send it away. Most jewellers charge round $60 for this service (at time of writing). The charge of rhodium modifications, but, and the fee for this service will change over the years.

The gain is that on every occasion your ring is rhodium plated, it receives an entire new surface and might seem nearly like-new. Minor scuffs and scratches will disappear. The downside is, of route, the price and time required. Most people choose white gold over platinum to shop money. But while you thing inside the destiny rate of retaining white gold, platinum is frequently cheaper.

I currently study an editorial titled "Rhodium Plating; like Colouring Your Hair, Only For Jewelry!" The article advocates the usage of rhodium plating to "exchange up" your antique jewellery. This is a fun idea, however take into account that plating white rhodium over a yellow or rose gold ring is a lot like bleaching brown hair blonde. It will look exquisite at the start, but then it'll start to wear down and require maintenance. Be prepared for lots of upkeep - or undergo that awkward stage where your "roots" are showing.

OTHER METALS FOR FINE JEWELLERY

Rhodium: Rhodium is a few of the rarest and most precious treasured metals. Rhodium is proof against corrosion and it does not oxidize. It is typically used as a thin coating over White Gold, Silver, and Platinum Jewellery. Solid rhodium is not often used in rings because it's hard to work with and natural rhodium could be very expensive. Silver: Like gold, silver is extremely tender in its purest form. "Sterling Silver" is ninety two.Five% pure, so additionally it is stamped 925. Silver is regularly alloyed with copper, platinum and/or zinc. For extra information about Silver Jewellery, study my blog entry All That Glitters is Not Gold: Everything You Need to Know About Sterling Silver. Palladium: I definitely like Palladium, however most jewellers do not work with it. A giant conspiracy? No. It's just less malleable than Gold or Platinum, and calls for unique device and special education. The steel itself is distinctly cheaper, so palladium (while it is to be had) is an notable cash-saving opportunity to platinum. Palladium is light, that's a plus when used in rings, mens rings, and outsized jewellery. Like platinum, palladium is evidently white and very durable. Palladium in jewelry is frequently 95% natural, stamped 950Pd. Due to its purity, palladium it is excellent for humans with allergies to steel alloys like nickel. Platinum: Just like within the international of track, in jewellery platinum is king.Platinum is dense, robust, and long-lasting making it perfect for engagement earrings. When utilized in jewellery, platinum is typically ninety-95% natural. It is sort of continually extra expensive than white gold. Platinum is thought for its weight, which means that it is not extremely good for rings (ouch) or chunky jewelry. However the added weight is a pleasing touch in smaller portions - while you maintain a platinum ring and a 14k white gold ring side with the aid of facet, the platinum ring feels greater sizeable. Platinum's herbal color is a stupid metal white or faded gray, so it's miles sometimes covered in rhodium like white gold. But not like white gold, when the rhodium wears down your platinum jewellery will nevertheless seem colourless. Just clean and buff your platinum every so-regularly to hold its natural properly appears. Titanium: Titanium is a gray-white metallic utilized in a very pure form (ninety nine%). Titanium is less expensive, long lasting, and lightweight; it feels "feather light" in evaluation to platinum and gold. It is also a hundred% hypoallergenic. I think the maximum enduring cause for titanium's recognition is that it sounds cool. If you were a superhero, what could your ring be fabricated from? Easy solution. That said, titanium is extremely tough to paintings with. It cannot be soldered, and speedy wears down jewellers tools. So if your ring is damaged or your palms change size, anticipate having to buy an entirely new ring. Titanium is pleasant reserved for very primary jewellery consisting of mens bands. Tungsten: Tungsten Carbide is cheaper, heavy, and extremely durable. When I worked in a jewelry keep, I used to venture our customers to try to scratch our tungsten wedding bands. Some human beings spent a while scraping the jewelry on the ground or steel counter. They kept me entertained - but no person ever managed to scratch one. Tungsten comes in dark gray, light gray (referred to as "white tungsten") and black. Like titanium, tungsten can't be resized and is difficult to paintings with. For now, it is also pleasant reserved for mens bands. MIXING METALS

Mixing gold and silver together is on-trend, however ensure that any jewelry that touches is made from the identical metal. Rose Gold, White Gold, and Yellow Gold can be worn collectively as long as they're the same Karat, however 10k need to in no way be worn alongside 18k. The equal goes for carrying gold with platinum, titanium, etc.

This is specifically relevant for stacking earrings, wedding ceremony bands, engagement rings. It's additionally essential in case you're shopping for a series and a pendant one after the other.

The purpose for this is that unique metals have distinctive densities. If you put on a harder metallic and a softer metal together, over the years the softer steel can be damaged.

TO SUM UP

If you're looking to buy diamond earrings, a diamond pendant, or a diamond necklace, I would advise buying 18k or 14k gold. If you want a white metal and you're shopping an engagement ring, do not forget spending a touch more on platinum. If it is to be had, palladium is lovely, strong, and inexpensive than platinum. If you are thinking about silver, pick a simple fashion and not using a diamonds. If you're searching out a mens band, tungsten and titanium are worth looking into. Buy palladium, platinum, or gold in case you'd like a good way to resize your ring later. Make positive all jewellery that touches is made from the same metal.

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kanwaldesigns · 4 years ago

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Cyberspace-

What does Cyberspace mean?

Cyberspace refers to the virtual computer world, and more specifically, an electronic medium that is used to facilitate online communication. Cyberspace typically involves a large computer network made up of many worldwide computer subnetworks that employ TCP/IP protocol to aid in communication and data exchange activities.

Cyberspace's core feature is an interactive and virtual environment for a broad range of participants.

In the common IT lexicon, any system that has a significant user base or even a well-designed interface can be thought to be “cyberspace.”

Cyberspace allows users to share information, interact, swap ideas, play games, engage in discussions or social forums, conduct business and create intuitive media, among many other activities.

The term cyberspace was introduced by William Gibson in his 1984 book, Neuromancer. Gibson criticized the term in later years, calling it “evocative and essentially meaningless.” Nevertheless, the term is still widely used to describe any facility or feature that is linked to the Internet. People use the term to describe all sorts of virtual interfaces that create digital realities.

In many key ways, cyberspace is what human societies make of it.

One way to talk about cyberspace is related to the use of the global Internet for diverse purposes, from commerce to entertainment.Wherever the Internet is used, you could say, that creates a cyberspace. The prolific use of both desktop computers and smartphones to access the Internet means that, in a practical (yet somewhat theoretical) sense, the cyberspace is growing.

Another prime example of cyberspace is the online gaming platforms advertised as massive online player ecosystems. These large communities, playing all together, create their own cyberspace worlds that exist only in the digital realm, and not in the physical world, sometimes nicknamed the “meatspace.”

To really consider what cyberspace means and what it is, think about what happens when thousands of people, who may have gathered together in physical rooms in the past to play a game, do it instead by each looking into a device from remote locations. As gaming operators dress up the interface to make it attractive and appealing, they are, in a sense, bringing interior design to the cyberspace.

In fact, gaming as an example, as well as streaming video, shows what our societies have largely chosen to do with the cyberspace as a whole. According to many IT specialists and experts,cyberspace has gained popularity as a medium for social interaction, rather than its technical execution and implementation. This sheds light on how societies have chosen to create cyberspace.

Theoretically, the same human societies could create other kinds of cyberspace—technical realms in which digital objects are created, dimensioned and evaluated in technical ways. For example, cyberspaces where language translation happens automatically in the blink of an eye or cyberspaces involving full-scale visual inputs that can be rendered on a 10-foot wall.

In the end, it seems that the cyberspaces that we have created are pretty conformist and one-dimensional, relative to what could exist. In that sense, cyberspace is always evolving, and promises to be more diverse in the years to come.

Cyber culture and cyber-topics-

Cyberculture is the culture that has taken from the use of computer networks for communication, entertainment and business. It is also the study of various social phenomena associated with the Internet and other new forms of network communication, such as online communities, online multi-player gaming, social gaming, social media and texting.

The earliest usage of the term "cyberculture" was listed in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1963, "In the era of cyberculture, all the plows pull themselves and the fried chickens fly right onto our plates." However, cyberculture is the culture within and among users of computer networks. It may be purely an online culture or span both virtual and physical worlds. This is to say, that cyberculture is a culture endemic to online communities; it is not just the culture that results from computer use, but culture that is directly mediated by the computer.

Qualities of cyberculture-

Post image for Impacts of cyberculture on reading and writing The ethnography of cyberspace is an important element of cyberculture that does not reflect a single unified culture. "It is not a monolithic or placeless 'cyberspace'; but rather, it is numerous new technologies and capabilities, used by diverse people, in diverse real-world locations." It is malleable, perishable, and can be shaped by the vagaries of external forces on its users. For example, the laws of physical world governments, social norms, the architecture of cyberspace, and market forces shape the way cybercultures form and evolve. As with physical world cultures, cybercultures lend themselves to identification and study.

That said, there are several qualities that cybercultures share that make them warrant the prefix “cyber-“. Some of those qualities are that cyberculture:

- Is culture “mediated by computer screens.”

- Relies heavily on the notion of information and knowledge exchange.

- Depends on the ability to manipulate tools to a degree not present in other forms of culture (even artisan culture, e.g., a glass-blowing culture).

- Allows vastly expanded weak ties and has been criticized for overly emphasizing the same

- Multiplies the number of eyeballs on a given problem, beyond that which would be possible using traditional means, given physical, geographic, and temporal constraints.

- Is a “cognitive and social culture, not a geographic one.”

- Is “the product of like-minded people finding a common ‘place’ to interact."

- Is inherently more "fragile" than traditional forms of community and culture.

Types of Cyberculture -

Types of Cyberculture include various human interactions mediated by computer networks. They can be activities, pursuits, games, places and metaphors, and include a diverse base of applications. Through these types of Cyberculture, Internet language is used widely. For example: blogs,social networks, games etc.

Cyberspace and Dystopia-

An imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad,typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one.

Augmented reality -

A technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a users view of the real world, thus providing a composite view.

The word augmented suggests that this kind of technology can improve our technology of our experience with the world as augment means to add to something.

Immersive (cyber) spaces-

Virtual reality-

The computer-generated simulation of three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment,such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves filleted with sensors.

Example Avatar- James Cameron

The use of the word Avatar makes us know that it has some sort of relationship with reality and technology.

An avatar is an icon or a figure that represents a certain person in a video game or any other internet form.

This film deals with the possibilities of pushing human relationships with technology to its limits.

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michaeldempsey · 4 years ago

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Persistence & Gaming

If the next wave of social is built around gaming, then the lessons we pull from these formerly more distinct categories will likely lead to a game dynamic which pushes forward the tensions of social networks, with the expressiveness of digital worlds. This dynamic is persistence.

Over the past two years the games that have brought social + gaming thinking to the mainstream have been a combination of Fortnite, Roblox, Minecraft, and most recently, Animal Crossing. Each of these games have served a slightly different user base, with varying levels of social mechanics baked into the product that enabled weak to strong communication and expression across the platform.

The core thesis though of captive, synchronous experience has bled into many of these game-turned-social products over the years, as well as more traditional social products such as Houseparty (now part of Epic Games) and more recently Clubhouse. This dynamic has only further been amplified now that our synchronicity and schedules are all effectively the same while sheltering in place.

With Fortnite, the social dynamic is encouraged in ~20 minute sprints (or more if in the UGC-driven Creative mode) that often is filled with fairly monotonous activity (traversing the island) and broken up by spurts of action (battles).

With Animal Crossing, we see a continually monotonous core game mechanic of building out your island that puts the idea of self-expression (and the importance of sharing this expression with your friends) within a video game on steroids. Although Animal Crossing does have very strong social dynamics in the game today, it has poor social infrastructure, in that the execution of social play is quite cumbersome due to technology choices.

What Animal Crossing does have however is a feeling of a form of persistence, an illusion created by being greeted by Tom Nook giving his daily update each time you return, as well as game mechanics that require you to pass time in order to allow work to be done on your island. In addition the island boasts an asynchronous social experience that results in your real and digital world friends and family leaving you various notes and gifts while you’re away. They specifically hack the persistence + social dynamic by isolating each world into an "island", something that allows for individual instancing of these expression mechanisms.

This feeling of persistence creates an incentive to come back daily (along with other core game loops like bonuses for accessing the store, and the stalk market). But while AC is generally lauded for its mainstream success, I'd argue that we perhaps it was an exercise in a missed opportunity that has led to seemingly lower retention (a fine dynamic based on the business model of a $59.99 purchase). AC is a case study or precursor to the future of social and gaming due to it merely scratching the surface on many of the social dynamics that lead to multi-year usage of successful social networks or games.

DEFINING PERSISTENCE

Gaming in general right now is at an impasse where we have monolithic platforms and studios like Unity, Epic Games, Riot, and Rockstar (a subsidiary of Take Two), benefitting from years of R&D investment, paired with changing business models. As a result, companies across the entire ecosystem are investing billions to try to build the next game-turned-IP-turned-platform as they recognize the massive TAM expansion happening within their industry.

Because of these competitive dynamics, we should instead think of new behaviors or game dynamics that could create new types of experiences that play into each of these separate industry's strengths. We last saw the rise of Battle Royale as a gaming format take hold, birthing multiple major game successes. Persistence could birth the next wave of social + gaming networks.

But what does Persistence mean?

The familiar metaphor is that the modern MMO is a theme park. Players encounter each other in the concourses and queuing for the rides, but fundamentally experience every roller coaster alone, one at a time. And the ride always resets for the next rider

- Thinking spatially: persistent worlds, Improbable

It is important to properly define "persistence" as it is an overused term within gaming. When building a game universe to take advantage of the social dynamics within 2021 and on, I mean world persistence. Specifically, I don't mean a given server where people go on the same quests, nor do I mean leveling up your character over time and building that identity. Just as our world does, the digital worlds that encompass a game universe, live and die, survive and thrive, at the whims of its players and agents, aided by the game/network developer. The world in which each user plays their role constantly changes, and thus, can effectively move on without any given user.

This isn't a novel concept. There have been examples of this in the past with open-world game such as EVE Online, special modded servers for games like Neverwinter Nights 2, as well as more quest driven games like World of Warcraft, however there is still much to be desired, including a lack of truly persistent world.

Various subreddits (I mean a ton) and other online forums have requested a similar game dynamic over the years, of which many center on the joke that what we’re all asking for is found in r/outside, which is fair.

So, why hasn't this continually requested future arrived? First, let’s talk about technology.

The ask today feels more materially important as we've seen a confluence of factors on the technical infrastructure side make this type of scale and depth more achievable than even just a few years ago. In addition, in a world where our persistent world was in some way abruptly taken from us, it is only natural to want to recreate a dynamic that is similar, but with faster feedback loops and more vastness, from the comfort of our homes.

It is non-trivial to instance tens, let alone hundreds of players into an environment, with low-latency. Even today, Fortnite builds game mechanics in order to whittle down their players in a given game over time. The game starts with 100 players, creating material numbers of assets (builds) across a large, not fully-rendered at once environment, and then progresses to a smaller circle with far fewer players, all rendered at once. When game behavior doesn't naturally kill off as many players as Epic thought, they see considerable lag (mostly in competitive/pro formats).

The closest game in which I’ve seen progress on this is GTA Online due to some core innovations on both the RAGE engine by Rockstar, as well as their ability to build vast worlds and economies that have interactions across all players and NPC categories. With that said, GTA Online creates peer to peer instances with between 16-30 players max depending on console.

The cost and R&D required to build infrastructure to support these types of environments and interactions is incredibly high, which is a great argument as to why no startup will be the company that figures out this problem of persistence, but instead it will be born from the studios that own a proprietary engine (like Rockstar, Blizzard, Epic, and others), modifying it and making sacrifices first in order to break through the historical technical limitations. We have views at Compound as to why this may not be true, surrounding the impending modularity of back-end infrastructure for games.

At a high level, we are seeing technology that can enable this specific use-case, ranging from cloud technologies to reach scalable instancing of a given world to breakthroughs in AI-driven Non Playable Characters (NPCs) or Agents, to more compelling ability to procedurally generate worlds, all the way to ML-driven asset creation.

Outside of pure technical limitations, the idea of building a truly persistent world is materially complex from a creative side too, and pulls on various tensions within game and world development broadly.

SOCIAL NETWORKS & PERSISTENT WORLDS: A SHIFT OF METRICS AND SYSTEMS CREATION

Instead of constantly working on new content, developers can focus on creating engaging, rich systems for players to interact with, creating their own emergent fun and meaning.

Thinking spatially: persistent worlds, Improbable

Improbable, with its SpatialOS, is one of the most well-funded players taking aim at these tensions (coherence.io is another player) and sums it up perfectly in the post above. While persistent worlds historically have enabled shared common space and continuous playing, they have underwhelmed on long-term creation of shared experiences.

Often game developers have a strong creative view on how to build stories, quests, and other creative dynamics within a game so that the player has a meaningful and enjoyable experience. This leads to a multitude of constraints that are put on these developers to create content. As games have moved into Games as a Service models, this tension is only more intensely felt as development shifts towards continuous deployment, and expectations continue to rise over time.

Social networks on the other hand have long understood that as your network reaches escape velocity, the only way to properly scale is to enable some form of UGC so that the network does the work for you. Thus, instead you must massage the loops around these various stakeholders of a network to enable more creation and reward for created content. The novelty problem is well understood as social networks have become more advanced in understanding their metrics to related to active users & retention, as well as usage, among other engagement metrics.

These metrics are partially driven by business model differences with games, where Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) could often sit at a singular chunk of a purchase that would function much more similar to the film industry today (which is undergoing its own business model shifts thanks to OTT platforms bringing a similar Entertainment as a Service model).

However, due to the notable shifts in continuous spending that has infiltrated games, and ARPU scaling up to instead mirror lifetime value (LTV) equations versus a one-time purchase equation, game developers too need to converge on metrics and thus, game dynamics, to optimize those behaviors and metrics that social networks have long-well understood.

Network effects is an interesting vector to think about related to this. What all networks understand at their core is the power of network effects as a core moat. While network effects have always been true for online games, very few games have material network effects that create the similar unbounded upside that social networks do. Rather, the network effects within games, i would argue, sit within micro-communities (do some of your friends play this game?) as well as outside of the game (is there a robust competitive ecosystem? Do streamers play this game?).

I'd still argue that these effects are far less material, as is shown in the replacement rate that games have versus social networks. All of this again, is a problem of scale and instancing but the concept of persistence introduces a new kind of scale of network effect.

With regards to social networks, we also can start thinking about retention within games. Specifically, re-engagement mechanisms are tried and true across both mobile games and social networks. As the world continues to change over time without you, there is a natural pull to return (this is where you begin to differentiate from Animal Crossing), out of FOMO. Due to the cross-platform nature of games today, as well as the connectivity we have relative to prior years when games like Neverwinter Nights were doing this on a small scale, we can re-engage users across multiple touch points and devices who opt-in to tracking what is going on in their worlds. Notably, IBM envisioned this with a patent they filed back in 2006, that was granted eight years later in 2014.

Because of this confluence of factors, it's likely that within a persistent world you must think about scale and how to enable large UGC to truly let the world rise and fall on its own. Many complain about persistence in this regard, but Improbable (not surprisingly) takes a view that meaningful persistence benefits the studios as your job shifts from content creation to system creation (Improbable has since largely become a studio on its own).

Roblox has hit on this in some regards and clearly understands the need to juice not only this model, but also the incentive mechanisms surrounding this model. As the company has risen over the past few years, the comms team at Roblox has been very careful to continue to tout not their revenue numbers, but instead the amount they've made for Roblox Creators.

While there are countless other examples to walk through related to this concept of where UGC can extend within the broader game ecosystem (GTA Online's UGC of role-playing is a fascinating corner of the internet) the core insight here is that game developers must be willing to take the gamble that many have made and been disappointed by in the past; allowing humans to utilize your system to in a relatively unconstrained way, build in your sandbox. The difference this time, is that those changes are permanent and send reverberations across the entire user base in a given world.

Related Reading:

Online games: crafting persistent-state worlds

Towards Adaptive Quest Narrative in Shared, Persistent Virtual Worlds

Introducing intelligent agents into massively multi-user persistent worlds

#gaming #persistence #startups #unity #epic games #fortnite #animal crossing #fall guys #roblox

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healthyworthyofficial · 5 years ago

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Does Acupuncture For Acne Work? Experts Weigh In

When it feels such as you’ve tried each pharmacy treatment, each derm-prescribed cream, and each high-end potion out there, it’s solely pure to be curious in regards to the remedies different drugs can supply. Acupuncture, the traditional Chinese drugs practise of inserting hair-thin chrome steel needles into key factors alongside the physique, is one different therapy rising increasingly more standard for beauty considerations like zits. “Traditional Chinese medicine concepts believe that a healthy body will naturally decelerate the progression of ageing, both internally and externally,” says Ansgar Lee, licensed acupuncturist and founding father of LES Acupuncture. “Each area of the face corresponds to different organs in our body, which gives us clues to tailor the treatment. For example, dark circles under the eyes can signify subpar functioning of the kidney and adrenal glands.” Here’s all the pieces it's essential find out about acupuncture and zits.

Facial acupuncture might assist zits by addressing underlying causes like hormonal imbalances.

Acupuncture goals to check out what’s happening beneath your pores and skin.“Everything that manifests on your skin is a reflection of other health and wellness imbalances that are affecting your overall health,” explains Shari Auth, co-founder of WTHN, an acupuncture and wellness studio in NYC, and physician of acupuncture and Chinese drugs. She explains that “acupuncture works by treating these underlying issues, such as weak digestion or hormonal imbalance, which means treating the root cause for what is going on with your skin.” If your intestine is imbalanced, for instance, conventional Chinese Medicine would say that’s related to “dampness.” Just like when one thing is definitely damp, it “creates an accumulation of moisture and inhibits free flow and evaporation in the environment,” Internal dampness, Auth explains, “will manifest similarly in our body, causing stagnation and impaired circulation in the body. With dampness, there is almost always a component of spleen and digestive system dysfunction, which reflects the importance of gut health for skin disorders.” READ MORE: What Is Reiki — And When Do You Need It? From an Eastern perspective, “acne is commonly caused by the presence of ‘dampness’ and ‘heat’ in the body, which will lead to the accumulation of fluids under the skin and redness,” explains Jessica Klein, grasp of science in Oriental drugs and lead acupuncturist at Area 25, an acupuncture studio in NYC. . Heat, then again, “is active and rises in nature.” In relation to our pores and skin, Klein notes, “this is most often related to stress and hormonal imbalances that can cause redness and inflammation.” Acupuncture, Klein explains, helps to “resolve the dampness, clear the heat, and nourish the tissue of the affected area.”

How does facial acupuncture really work?

The philosophy behind Chinese drugs is that all the pieces must be in good stability to have the ability to work at its optimum stage. So, any time there’s a “traffic jam” that stops that move, it’s going to transpire in inefficiencies elsewhere (on this case, your pores and skin). “The Chinese discovered these point functions through observation and noticed that different points elicited specific therapeutic effects,” says Auth. Poking these areas with tiny needles is assumed to activate a “response in the body that triggers the body to redistribute this influx of ‘resources’ as needed to restore balance back in the body.” “

Here’s how an acupuncturist determines what's inflicting several types of zits.

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the area of your face the place you’re breaking out (suppose: your chin vs. your cheeks) might be an indicator of the basis trigger, explains Klein. For instance, for cystic zits that's pink, swollen, and painful, Auth notes that acupuncture may help as a result of it's a “natural anti-inflammatory and can help with calming redness, and promote faster healing.” Acne across the chin, jaw, and mouth is usually related to hormonal imbalance or stress, and might flare up month-to-month, triggered by durations, being pregnant, or circumstances like PCOS. Auth notes, acupuncture can “help regulate underlying hormonal imbalances that cause acne to flare up.” READ MORE: These 6 Vitamins May Help Clear Up Your Acne, According To Dermatologists Finally, with regards to blackheads and whiteheads, Auth explains that these might be linked to toxins and phlegm within the physique, which acupuncture may help cut back. “Too much sebum production can block up our skin follicles and is also often a major underlying cause of blackheads and whiteheads,” she says. “In Chinese medicine, we focus on using acupuncture points that help the skin self-regulate its sebum production in a healthy way.”

Dermatologists view acupuncture as a supplementary therapy.

Dermatologist Dr. Mona Gohara, says acupuncture could be a approach to assist mitigate stress, and stress can exacerbate zits. While she turns first to Western therapy modalities, she additionally says “I often advise my patients to find their ‘zen zone’ in hopes that stress reduction will reduce acne and other skin inflammation.” There have been some research that assist the usage of acupuncture in treating zits — at the least as a complement to different remedies. In a study evaluating acupuncture with prescription retinoids for zits (viaminate and tretinoin), for instance, it was discovered {that a} discount of zits lesions by 30 or 50 p.c didn't differ relying on which therapy was acquired. Dermatologist Dr. Morgan Rabach, notes that, whereas this is fairly exceptional, the examine doesn’t clarify its full methodology — which normally means the outcomes have a big caveat and due to this fact ought to be taken with a grain of salt. More research might be required to essentially quantify how acupuncture can cut back zits, Dr. Rabach provides. Though she primarily recommends Western remedies, which she believes can deal with and remedy zits, “I am not against acupuncture, especially for people who will not take traditional medications,” Dr. Rabach says. Dr. Gohara is open to her sufferers experimenting, too: “You don’t have to limit yourself to one form of healing; try both.”

One factor to know: Facial acupuncture would require some dedication.

Going to an acupuncture appointment is a bit bit totally different than going to your customary medical physician appointment. You’ll have a (fairly in-depth) dialog together with your acupuncturist about virtually each component of your life — from what you eat, to the way you’re feeling, and sleeping. They’ll additionally take your pulse — and have you ever stick out your tongue to allow them to look at it (only a heads-up), and provide you with a therapy plan primarily based on this analysis. A primary time appointment will normally run round an hour and a half, relying on the practitioner. Acupuncture, like so many different issues, requires consistency, so that you’ll need to go for some time to see outcomes. “Usually, an acupuncture session once a week for one to three months can lead to some powerful results,” Auth says. This article was initially revealed on www.womenshealthmag.com READ MORE ON: Acne Beauty Skin Skin Issues !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=;t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e);s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '2162521310492989'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); Source link Read the full article

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dorothybkaiser2-blog · 5 years ago

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lumsel · 8 years ago

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TF2 is a cutting parody of Overwatch and I can prove it

And when I say parody, I don’t mean it as in one of those “Minecraft Parodies” you see on the youtubes where they switch some lyrics around and call it a day without really commenting on the source material, I mean it as in TF2 is a biting deconstruction of Overwatch and everything it represents. Now I’m sure you have all sorts of questions involving release dates and, I dunno, logic, but bear with me here for a moment because this shit runs deep:

Overwatch’s characters have a diverse range of origins and personalities, presented as the best of the best from all over the world. Artists, Innovators, Heroes, Overwatch lets you play as great people who fight for great causes. Granted, there’s a bit of some weird dissonance between how they act and how they play, we’ve all made jokes about how weirdly cheerful Mei is about killing people, but overall they’re just a bunch of lovable goofs. Hell, even the so-called bad guys are impossible to hate, because they just have so much personality baked into them.

TF2′s cast is comprised of foolish, incompetent mercenaries, who are explicitly not the best of the best but rather a bunch of idiots the Administrator got to fight her pointless battles without any motivations beyond the money they earn. They aren’t lovable; entertaining to be sure, but they aren’t exactly the kinds of folks you’d sit down and have a beer with. Examining them at an individual level reveals further criticisms:

The Soldier’s name is a clear reference to the Overwatch hero Soldier 76, and further comparisons can be made from there. Soldier 76 is a disgraced war vet who takes the world into his own hands, travelling the world to fight evils and save people. The Soldier amps it up to 11; a mentally ill civilian who becomes convinced he is fighting Nazis in a war that ended years ago, and is in actuality blowing up innocents. No one man can understand the complexities of worldly conflicts enough to actively fight for the “right side” without screwing everything up, and the Soldier personifies this notion to an extreme, portrayed as not only insane but also highly jingoistic, alluding to an undercurrent of american exceptionalism that exists in 76′s All-American Hero stylings.

Pyro is a take on Bastion. They’re both unintelligible and gender-indeterminate cuties who retain their innocence in a cruel and brutal environment. Of course, Bastion’s dissonance between its purpose and its personality is played for drama, for how tragic it is that this adorable robot is built only to kill. The Pyro, by contrast, portrays innocence in spite of violence as twisted. Compare their promotional shorts: Bastion’s ends with it deciding against its original purpose (and the purpose it serves in gameplay) and exiling itself to the forest to care for a cute bird, while the Pyro’s portrays the violence and innocence as a symbiotic relationship, showing that they hallucinate the carnage they cause as spreading love and cheer. TF2 tells us that the innocence of a DPS character in a shooter is not endearing but terrifying, because the two aspects cannot coexist without extreme cognitive dissonance. The Pyro can delight in violence because, in their limited understanding of the world, they see violence as delightful.

The Medic lampoons Mercy and to a lesser extent every support character in Overwatch. There is something faintly hypocritical about a character claiming to want to help people as they serve as an accomplice to a violent, bloody war effort. Mercy may rarely score any kills herself, but she enables the continued destruction caused by every combatant she heals. The Medic puts up no such pretense of being a good person, he loves the pain and violence perhaps more than his compatriots who actively dole it out. He is no harmless doctor, he is as great a threat as the men with guns, if not even more dangerous - and he doesn’t even have a damage boost on his medigun. The Medic's habit of experimenting on his teammates for shits and giggles is, too, a joke about Mercy, this time referring to her canon involvement in turning Genji and Reaper into killing machines.

The Sniper is, like Roadhog, an Australian who is actually a New Zealander who sounds like nothing like either. I don’t have anything insightful to say here, I just think it’s funny.

But the one thing that binds them - the one thing they have in common? They are all sadistic assholes. Every character has a cackling, evil laugh they let out when they’re on a kill streak, they all bask in the glory of slaughter unashamedly and unabashedly - they are guns for hire, after all. In a way, they aren’t so different to the Overwatch cast in this respect; even the bright and peppy tracer has a host of voicelines cheerily mocking the people she has just murdered with her twin pistols. But what TF2 does differently is make this obvious. The nine classes have no purpose in gameplay beyond causing and enabling murder, and rather than distract you from this fact with charming personalities, it lets you pity them as the mean, cruel bastards that they are. These are no “heroes” to be looked up to, they are the waste product of a world better than them.

Overwatch’s map design is beautiful, to be sure, with a clean, futuristic aesthetic and a wide diversity of metropolitan locales to explore. But when you think about it, the levels don’t make a whole lot of sense. The payload maps are all cities that tend to have only one road in them, they’re peppered with hazardous falls despite being mostly innocuous metropolitan areas, and the architecture is often questionable at best. While some maps have a clear goal that the two teams are fighting over, i.e. Volskaya’s factory, some are just places where a fight is happening for no reason. Illios is the perfect example, you go to a well, a lighthouse and an excavation site but there’s nothing to be won in any of the areas. Of course, asking “why are we fighting here” was a mug’s game to begin with - the gameplay in is non-canon, after all.

TF2′s map design is specifically engineered to draw attention to its own senselessness. The payload tracks aren’t roads, they’re literal tracks, on the ground, which just happen to lead directly to the enemy team’s giant stockpile of explosive barrels. Control points aren’t just game abstractions, they’re giant metal discs on the ground, marked out with hazard tape and set up to display a giant holographic team emblem. One place where they differ is TF2 is not content to allow a map to have no valuable resource in it to be fighting over, even when said dedication raises more questions than it answers. That granary isn’t just a granary, it’s actually concealing a secret spy base. The lumberyard? Secret spy base. Hydroelectric plant, which actually might be tactically advantageous to own? ALSO A SECRET SPY BASE! “Secret spy base” is the punchline to every map’s visual narrative, and serves as a challenge to the philosophy of Overwatch’s design, by implying that those innocuous locales you visit, all those wells and lighthouses, they were actually just secret spy bases this whole time.

Even the art direction in OW’s fascination with a vaguely utopic golden age is reflected in TF2′s usage of idealised 60′s-ea illustration as a clear inspiration. The visual language utilised by a people who were proud of the world that they shaped, despite the festering problems lurking deep within it, is perfect for the ugliness of the TF2 universe. The painterly, illustrative style isn’t used for white picket fences and well-kept lawns, but ramshackle shacks, industrial monstrosities and machines of war. This is no better time nor a better place, it is a war. It is blood and gore and fire and pain and all the worst parts of humanity condensed into bite sized 10 minute matches.

And the war they fight is pointless. Not pointless in the sense that it is non-canon, but that it is canon and yet it still means nothing. It’s a pitiable battle between two brothers over their ancient, useless gravel estate, with all the lasers and rockets only existing to claim more useless gravel. The fights don’t mean anything, the story isn’t important, and the resources aren’t world-changing, they’re just pointless bloodshed for pointless rewards, a hauntingly accurate summation of the philosophy of a competitive shooter.

Overwatch’s world is one like our own, but... different. Set in a fantastic and wonderful future, it portrays a world coming off of the heels of a great robot war. It is populated by robots called omnics, who are either a metaphor for all marginalised groups ever or evil badguy robots depending on the what the writers need right now. In addition, Overwatch likes to add it’s own additional spice to real world locales: South Korea is threatened by a giant badguy robot and has hired professional gamers to fight it, Australia has been devastated in a nuclear holocaust and is now a desolate wasteland, and The Moon has recently been overthrown by sentient gorillas(?) who now rule its colonies. It’s all a bit silly, to be sure, but it’s made with love, and it’s all just so earnest you can’t help but love it back.

In the TF2 community, there is some debate over whether or not Abraham Lincoln inventing stairs as an alternative to the rocket jump is canon information or not. What is definitely canon, however, is that spaceflight was invented in 1900, New Zealand is a once legendary sunken metropolis destroyed by an incompetent scientist, and Amelia Earhart was a hotdog mascot. The world isn’t just quirky, it’s gonzo, with ghosts and charismatic war profiteers and rocks that radiate pure intelligence all being mentioned in the same sentence with nary a wink.

You can tell TF2′s lead, Robin Walker, was an Australian man angry about the nation’s treatment in Overwatch, because in TF2 Australia is a world leader inventing all of the major technologies in the setting and is the main catalyst for most of the world’s politics. Tellingly, you never actually go to Australia in-game, because the conflict that TF2 portrays is as stated earlier completely removed from anything remotely important in the setting. Of course, Australia is also said to be populated entirely by idiots who get in barfights all the time and choose their king by boxing with kangaroos because if there’s one thing that TF2 avoids like the plague it’s the genuine idealism that Overwatch so loves.

And Overwatch’s incredible technology levels, showing the world of 60 years from now being populated by megastructures, holograms and hovercars, is parodied with the setting of TF2 having all the same, but 60 years into the past. Because Australium, you see. The quaint interpretation of global politics is now extended into full-on alternate history wherein the Space Race was just the US and Russia feebly attempting to measure up to Australia’s impossible standards and Musician Tom Jones is murdered by the Soldier for being his wizard ex-roommate’s new best friend. It shows the inherent arrogance OW painting its own picture of what the world is like by painting that picture onto the past instead of the future, allowing us to immediately understand the contrast between how the authors portray the world and how it actually was - and letting us laugh at just how different the two really are.

This theory would be completely perfect with no holes in it whatsoever, were it not for one key issue: TF2 came out seven years before Overwatch was announced.

There is only one explanation for this: this is a case of analogous evolution where the Overwatch team made many of the same gameplay decisions as the TF2 team but TF2 understood the absurdity of said gameplay and decided to emphasise it whereas Overwatch elected to ignore it and justify its fiction through supplemental material, combined with TF2 actively parodying tropes that predate both games that Overwatch somewhat coincidentally indulges in due to the developers of one intending a dark satirical tone and the developers of the other trying for something more optimistic TF2 was engineered by Valve at some point in the future and sent back in time like a videogame terminator to destroy Overwatch before it was ever born in order to ensure CSGO’s dominance in the competitive PC shooter field. Valve failed to take the key moral lesson away from the first Terminator movie, however - any endeavor involving time travel is doomed to fail from the start, as whatever action you take has always been taken and the past cannot be changed. Just like Robot Arnold Schwarzenegger, TF2 not only failed to prevent Overwatch’s existence, it ultimately proved instrumental in the game’s conception when the spark of inspiration (here representing Kyle Reese) made sweet, sweet love to Jeff Kaplan’s brain before dying in a dynamite explosion. For shame, Valve. I thought you would have learned from Skynet’s mistakes.

#tf2 #overwatch #long #txt #you might think i don't like overwatch from reading this but i actually love it #i just find the contrast between it and tf2s tones incredibly interesting #and i think tf2's writers are definitely a lot more self-aware #effortpost

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siva3155 · 5 years ago

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JAVA Interview Questions and Answers

java interview questions for freshers experienced developers

1. What is Java? Java is a object-oriented programming language originally developed by Sun Micro systems and released in 1995. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. 2. What are the supported platforms by Java Programming Language? Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX/Linux like HP-Unix, Sun Solaris, Red hat Linux, Ubuntu, Cent OS, etc. 3. List any five features of Java? Some features include Object Oriented Platform Independent Robust Interpreted Multi-threaded 4. Why is Java Architectural Neutral? It’s compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code to be executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system. 5. What is a singleton class? Give a practical example of its usage. A singleton class in java can have only one instance and hence all its methods and variables belong to just one instance. Singleton class concept is useful for the situations when there is a need to limit the number of objects for a class. The best example of singleton usage scenario is when there is a limit of having only one connection to a database due to some driver limitations or because of any licensing issues. 6. What are the access modifiers in Java? There are 3 access modifiers. Public, protected and private, and the default one if no identifier is specified is called friendly, but programmer cannot specify the friendly identifier explicitly. 7. What is are packages? A package is a collection of related classes and interfaces providing access protection and namespace management. 8. What is meant by Inheritance and What are its advantages? Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class by subclasses. 9. What is the difference between superclass and subclass? A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the inheriting. 10. What is an abstract class? An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in and is deliberately incomplete.

JAVA Interview Questions 11. What are the states associated in the thread? Thread contains ready, running, waiting and dead states. 12. What is synchronization? Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that only one thread is accessed the resources at a time. 13. What is deadlock? When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be deadlock. 14. What is an applet? Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by a java capable browser 15. What is the lifecycle of an applet? init() method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded start() method - Can be called each time an applet is started. paint() method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or maximized. stop() method - Can be used when the browser moves off the applet’s page. destroy() method - Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet. 16. Define How do you set security in applets? using setSecurityManager() method 17. 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What is the Java API? The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface (GUI) widgets. 22. Why there are no global variables in Java? Global variables are globally accessible. Java does not support globally accessible variables due to following reasons: The global variables breaks the referential transparency Global variables creates collisions in namespace. 23. What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism? Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general class actions. 24. What is the use of bin and lib in JDK? Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages. 25. What is method overloading and method overriding? Method overloading: When a method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a method in a class having the same method name with same arguments is said to be method overriding. 26. What is the difference between this() and super()? this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to invoke a super class constructor. 27. What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)? It is very difficult to remember a set of numbers(IP address) to connect to the Internet. The Domain Naming Service(DNS) is used to overcome this problem. It maps one particular IP address to a string of characters. For example, www. mascom. com implies com is the domain name reserved for US commercial sites, moscom is the name of the company and www is the name of the specific computer, which is mascom’s server. 28. What is URL? URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource files on the Internet. URL has four components: http://www. address. com:80/index.html, where http - protocol name, address - IP address or host name, 80 - port number and index.html - file path. 29. What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object? Remote Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine and to invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The steps involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implementing these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with the java compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run the RMI registry f) Run the application. 30. What is RMI architecture? RMI architecture consists of four layers and each layer performs specific functions: a) Application layer - contains the actual object definition. b) Proxy layer - consists of stub and skeleton. c) Remote Reference layer - gets the stream of bytes from the transport layer and sends it to the proxy layer. d) Transportation layer - responsible for handling the actual machine-to-machine communication. 31. What is a Java Bean? A Java Bean is a software component that has been designed to be reusable in a variety of different environments. 32. What are checked exceptions? Checked exception are those which the Java compiler forces you to catch. e.g. IOException are checked Exceptions. 33. What are runtime exceptions? Runtime exceptions are those exceptions that are thrown at runtime because of either wrong input data or because of wrong business logic etc. These are not checked by the compiler at compile time. 34. What is the difference between error and an exception? An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at runtime. Such as OutOfMemory error. These JVM errors and you can not repair them at runtime. While exceptions are conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g. FileNotFoundException will be thrown if the specified file does not exist. Or a NullPointerException will take place if you try using a null reference. In most of the cases it is possible to recover from an exception (probably by giving user a feedback for entering proper values etc.). 35. What is the purpose of finalization? The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object is garbage collected. For example, closing a opened file, closing a opened database Connection. 36. What is the difference between yielding and sleeping? When a task invokes its yield() method, it returns to the ready state. When a task invokes its sleep() method, it returns to the waiting state. 37. 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The Reader/Writer class is character-oriented and the InputStream/OutputStream class is byte-oriented. 45. What is servlet? Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented servers, such as java-enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be responsible for taking data in an HTML order-entry form and applying the business logic used to update a company’s order database. 46. What is Constructor? A constructor is a special method whose task is to initialize the object of its class. It is special because its name is the same as the class name. They do not have return types, not even void and therefore they cannot return values. They cannot be inherited, though a derived class can call the base class constructor. Constructor is invoked whenever an object of its associated class is created. 47. What is an Iterator ? The Iterator interface is used to step through the elements of a Collection. Iterators let you process each element of a Collection. 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The EJBs can be used to integrate business processes in Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce applications.In Enterprise Application Integration applications, EJBs can be used to house processing and mapping between different applications. 55. What is JSP? JSP is a technology that returns dynamic content to the Web client using HTML, XML and JAVA elements. JSP page looks like a HTML page but is a servlet. It contains Presentation logic and business logic of a web application. 56. What is the purpose of apache tomcat? Apache server is a standalone server that is used to test servlets and create JSP pages. It is free and open source that is integrated in the Apache web server. It is fast, reliable server to configure the applications but it is hard to install. It is a servlet container that includes tools to configure and manage the server to run the applications. It can also be configured by editing XML configuration files. 57. Where pragma is used? Pragma is used inside the servlets in the header with a certain value. The value is of no-cache that tells that a servlets is acting as a proxy and it has to forward request. Pragma directives allow the compiler to use machine and operating system features while keeping the overall functionality with the Java language. These are different for different compilers. 58. Briefly explain daemon thread. Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs in the background performs garbage collection operation for the java runtime system. 59. What is a native method? A native method is a method that is implemented in a language other than Java. 60. Explain different way of using thread? A Java thread could be implemented by using Runnable interface or by extending the Thread class. The Runnable is more advantageous, when you are going for multiple inheritance. 61. What are the two major components of JDBC? One implementation interface for database manufacturers, the other implementation interface for application and applet writers. 62. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread? It is a daemon thread. 63. What are the different ways to handle exceptions? There are two ways to handle exceptions, By wrapping the desired code in a try block followed by a catch block to catch the exceptions. and List the desired exceptions in the throws clause of the method and let the caller of the method handle those exceptions. 64. Define How many objects are created in the following piece of code? MyClass c1, c2, c3; c1 = new MyClass (); c3 = new MyClass (); Answer: Only 2 objects are created, c1 and c3. The reference c2 is only declared and not initialized. 65.What is UNICODE? Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other. 66. Can a constructor have different name than a Class name in Java? Constructor in Java must have same name as the class name and if the name is different, it doesn’t act as a constructor and compiler thinks of it as a normal method. 67. What will be the output of Round(3.7) and Ceil(3.7)? Round(3.7) returns 4 and Ceil(3.7) returns 4. 68: Can we use goto in Java to go to a particular line? In Java, there is not goto keyword and java doesn’t support this feature of going to a particular labeled line. 69. Can a dead thread be started again? In java, a thread which is in dead state can’t be started again. There is no way to restart a dead thread. 70. Is the following class declaration correct? public abstract final class testClass { // Class methods and variables } The above class declaration is incorrect as an abstract class can’t be declared as Final. 71. Is JDK required on each machine to run a Java program? JDK is development Kit of Java and is required for development only and to run a Java program on a machine, JDK isn’t required. Only JRE is required. 72. Which object oriented Concept is achieved by using overloading and overriding? Polymorphism 73. Is it possible to define a method in Java class but provide it’s implementation in the code of another language like C? Yes, we can do this by use of native methods. In case of native method based development, we define public static methods in our Java class without its implementation and then implementation is done in another language like C separately. 74. Define How destructors are defined in Java? In Java, there are no destructors defined in the class as there is no need to do so. Java has its own garbage collection mechanism which does the job automatically by destroying the objects when no longer referenced. 75. Can a variable be local and static at the same time? No a variable can’t be static as well as local at the same time. Defining a local variable as static gives compilation error. 76. Can we have static methods in an Interface? Static methods can’t be overridden in any class while any methods in an interface are by default abstract and are supposed to be implemented in the classes being implementing the interface. So it makes no sense to have static methods in an interface in Java. 77. In a class implementing an interface, can we change the value of any variable defined in the interface? No, we can’t change the value of any variable of an interface in the implementing class as all variables defined in the interface are by default public, static and Final and final variables are like constants which can’t be changed later. 78. Is it correct to say that due to garbage collection feature in Java, a java program never goes out of memory? Even though automatic garbage collection is provided by Java, it doesn’t ensure that a Java program will not go out of memory as there is a possibility that creation of Java objects is being done at a faster pace compared to garbage collection resulting in filling of all the available memory resources. So, garbage collection helps in reducing the chances of a program going out of memory but it doesn’t ensure that. 79. Can we have any other return type than void for main method? No, Java class main method can have only void return type for the program to get successfully executed. Nonetheless , if you absolutely must return a value to at the completion of main method , you can use System.exit(int status) 80. I want to re-reach and use an object once it has been garbage collected. Define How it’s possible? Once an object has been destroyed by garbage collector, it no longer exists on the heap and it can’t be accessed again. There is no way to reference it again. 81. In Java thread programming, which method is a must implementation for all threads? Run() is a method of Runnable interface that must be implemented by all threads. 82. I want to control database connections in my program and want that only one thread should be able to make database connection at a time. Define How can I implement this logic? This can be implemented by use of the concept of synchronization. Database related code can be placed in a method which hs synchronized keyword so that only one thread can access it at a time. 83. Can an Interface extend another Interface? Yes an Interface can inherit another Interface, for that matter an Interface can extend more than one Interface. 84. I want my class to be developed in such a way that no other class (even derived class) can create its objects. Define How can I do so? If we declare the constructor of a class as private, it will not be accessible by any other class and hence, no other class will be able to instantiate it and formation of its object will be limited to itself only. 85. Define How objects are stored in Java? In java, each object when created gets a memory space from a heap. When an object is destroyed by a garbage collector, the space allocated to it from the heap is re-allocated to the heap and becomes available for any new objects. 86. Define How can we find the actual size of an object on the heap? In java, there is no way to find out the exact size of an object on the heap. 87. Which of the following classes will have more memory allocated? Class Three methods, four variables, no object Class B: Five methods, three variables, no object Memory isn’t allocated before creation of objects. Since for both classes, there are no objects created so no memory is allocated on heap for any class. 88. What happens if an exception is not handled in a program? If an exception is not handled in a program using try catch blocks, program gets aborted and no statement executes after the statement which caused exception throwing. 89. I have multiple constructors defined in a class. Is it possible to call a constructor from another constructor’s body? If a class has multiple constructors, it’s possible to call one constructor from the body of another one using this(). 90. What’s meant by anonymous class? An anonymous class is a class defined without any name in a single line of code using new keyword. For example, in below code we have defined an anonymous class in one line of code: public java.util.Enumeration testMethod() { return new java.util.Enumeration() { @Override public boolean hasMoreElements() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return false; } @Override public Object nextElement() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } 91. Is there a way to increase the size of an array after its declaration? Arrays are static and once we have specified its size, we can’t change it. If we want to use such collections where we may require a change of size ( no of items), we should prefer vector over array. 92. If an application has multiple classes in it, is it okay to have a main method in more than one class? If there is main method in more than one classes in a java application, it won’t cause any issue as entry point for any application will be a specific class and code will start from the main method of that particular class only. 93. I want to persist data of objects for later use. What’s the best approach to do so? The best way to persist data for future use is to use the concept of serialization. 94. What is a Local class in Java? In Java, if we define a new class inside a particular block, it’s called a local class. Such a class has local scope and isn’t usable outside the block where its defined. 95. String and StringBuffer both represent String objects. Can we compare String and StringBuffer in Java? Although String and StringBuffer both represent String objects, we can’t compare them with each other and if we try to compare them, we get an error. 96. Which API is provided by Java for operations on set of objects? Java provides a Collection API which provides many useful methods which can be applied on a set of objects. Some of the important classes provided by Collection API include ArrayList, HashMap, TreeSet and TreeMap. 97. Can we cast any other type to Boolean Type with type casting? No, we can neither cast any other primitive type to Boolean data type nor can cast Boolean data type to any other primitive data type. 98. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements? Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A synchronized statement can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized statement. 99. Define How does a try statement determine which catch clause should be used to handle an exception? When an exception is thrown within the body of a try statement, the catch clauses of the try statement are examined in the order in which they appear. The first catch clause that is capable of handling the exception is executed. The remaining catch clauses are ignored. 100. What will be the default values of all the elements of an array defined as an instance variable? If the array is an array of primitive types, then all the elements of the array will be initialized to the default value corresponding to that primitive type. Basic JAVA Questions with Answers pdf download 101. What is the difference between static and non-static variables? A static variable is associated with the class as a whole rather than with specific instances of a class. Non-static variables take on unique values with each object instance. 102. What is Serialization and deserialization? Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the process of restoring these objects. 103. What are use cases? It is part of the analysis of a program and describes a situation that a program might encounter and what behavior the program should exhibit in that circumstance. 104. Explain the use of sublass in a Java program? Sub class inherits all the public and protected methods and the implementation. It also inherits all the default modifier methods and their implementation. 105. How to add menushortcut to menu item? If there is a button instance called b1, you may add menu short cut by calling b1.setMnemonic('F'), so the user may be able to use Alt+F to click the button. 106. Can you write a Java class that could be used both as an applet as well as an application? Yes, just add a main() method to the applet. 107. What is the difference between Swing and AWT components? AWT components are heavy-weight, whereas Swing components are lightweight. Heavy weight components depend on the local windowing toolkit. For example, java.awt.Button is a heavy weight component, when it is running on the Java platform for Unix platform, it maps to a real Motif button. 108. What's the difference between constructors and other methods? Constructors must have the same name as the class and can not return a value. They are only called once while regular methods could be called many times. 109. Is there any limitation of using Inheritance? Yes, since inheritance inherits everything from the super class and interface, it may make the subclass too clustering and sometimes error-prone when dynamic overriding or dynamic overloading in some situation. 109. When is the ArrayStoreException thrown? When copying elements between different arrays, if the source or destination arguments are not arrays or their types are not compatible, an ArrayStoreException will be thrown. 110. Can you call one constructor from another if a class has multiple constructors? Yes, use this() syntax. 111. What's the difference between the methods sleep() and wait()? The code sleep(2000); puts thread aside for exactly two seconds. The code wait(2000), causes a wait of up to two second. A thread could stop waiting earlier if it receives the notify() or notifyAll() call. The method wait() is defined in the class Object and the method sleep() is defined in the class Thread. 112. When ArithmeticException is thrown? The ArithmeticException is thrown when integer is divided by zero or taking the remainder of a number by zero. It is never thrown in floating-point operations. 113. What is a transient variable? A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized during Serialization and which is initialized by its default value during de-serialization, 114. What is synchronization? Synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. synchronized keyword in java provides locking which ensures mutual exclusive access of shared resource and prevent data race. 115. What is the Collections API? The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces that support operations on collections of objects. 116. Does garbage collection guarantee that a program will not run out of memory? Garbage collection does not guarantee that a program will not run out of memory. It is possible for programs to use up memory resources faster than they are garbage collected. It is also possible for programs to create objects that are not subject to garbage collection. 117. The immediate super class of the Applet class? Panel is the immediate super class. A panel provides space in which an application can attach any other component, including other panels. 118. Which Java operator is right associative? The = operator is right associative. 119. What is the difference between a break statement and a continue statement? A break statement results in the termination of the statement to which it applies (switch, for, do, or while). A continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and return control to the loop statement. 120. If a variable is declared as private, where may the variable be accessed? A private variable may only be accessed within the class in which it is declared. 121. What is the purpose of the System class? The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources. 122. List primitive Java types? The eight primitive types are byte, char, short, int, long, float, double, and boolean. 123. What is the relationship between clipping and repainting under AWT? When a window is repainted by the AWT painting thread, it sets the clipping regions to the area of the window that requires repainting. 124. Which class is the immediate superclass of the Container class? Component class is the immediate super class. 125. What class of exceptions are generated by the Java run-time system? The Java runtime system generates RuntimeException and Error exceptions. 126. Under what conditions is an object's finalize() method invoked by the garbage collector? The garbage collector invokes an object's finalize() method when it detects that the object has become unreachable. 127. How can a dead thread be restarted? A dead thread cannot be restarted. 128. Which arithmetic operations can result in the throwing of an ArithmeticException? Integer / and % can result in the throwing of an ArithmeticException. 129. Variable of the boolean type is automatically initialized as? The default value of the boolean type is false. 130. What are ClassLoaders? A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading classes. The class ClassLoader is an abstract class. 131. What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class? An abstract class can have instance methods that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance methods, but cannot implement default behavior and all methods are implicitly abstract. An interface has all public members and no implementation. 132. What will happen if static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method? Program throws "NoSuchMethodError" error at runtime . 133. Can try statements be nested? Yes 134. What is the default value of an object reference declared as an instance variable? Null, unless it is defined explicitly. 135. Can a top level class be private or protected? No, a top level class can not be private or protected. It can have either "public" or no modifier. 136. Why do we need wrapper classes? We can pass them around as method parameters where a method expects an object. It also provides utility methods. 137. What is the difference between error and an exception? An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at runtime. Such as OutOfMemory error. Exceptions are conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g. FileNotFoundException will be thrown if the specified file does not exist. 138. Is it necessary that each try block must be followed by a catch block? It is not necessary that each try block must be followed by a catch block. It should be followed by either a catch block or a finally block. 139. When a thread is created and started, what is its initial state? A thread is in the ready state as initial state after it has been created and started. 140. What is the Locale class? The Locale class is used to tailor program output to the conventions of a particular geographic, political, or cultural region. 141. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements? Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A synchronized statement can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized statement. 142. What is runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch? Runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch is a process in which a call to an overridden method is resolved at runtime rather than at compile-time. In this process, an overridden method is called through the reference variable of a superclass. 143. What is Dynamic Binding(late binding)? Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call. Dynamic binding means that the code associated with a given procedure call is not known until the time of the call at run-time. 144. Can constructor be inherited? No, constructor cannot be inherited. 145. What are the advantages of ArrayList over arrays? ArrayList can grow dynamically and provides more powerful insertion and search mechanisms than arrays. 146. Why deletion in LinkedList is fast than ArrayList? Deletion in linked list is fast because it involves only updating the next pointer in the node before the deleted node and updating the previous pointer in the node after the deleted node. 147. How do you decide when to use ArrayList and LinkedList? If you need to frequently add and remove elements from the middle of the list and only access the list elements sequentially, then LinkedList should be used. If you need to support random access, without inserting or removing elements from any place other than the end, then ArrayList should be used. 148. What is a Values Collection View ? It is a collection returned by the values() method of the Map Interface, It contains all the objects present as values in the map. 149. What is dot operator? The dot operator(.) is used to access the instance variables and methods of class objects.It is also used to access classes and sub-packages from a package. 150. Where and how can you use a private constructor? Private constructor is used if you do not want other classes to instantiate the object and to prevent subclassing.T 151. What is type casting? Type casting means treating a variable of one type as though it is another type. Q: Describe life cycle of thread? A thread is a execution in a program. The life cycle of a thread include:Newborn state Runnable state Running state Blocked state Dead state 152. What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators? The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right. The >>> zero-fills bits that have been shifted out. 153. Which method of the Component class is used to set the position and size of a component? setBounds() method is used for this purpose. 154. What is the range of the short type? The range of the short type is -(2^15) to 2^15 - 1. 155. What is the immediate superclass of Menu? MenuItem class 156. Does Java allow Default Arguments? No, Java does not allow Default Arguments. 157. Which number is denoted by leading zero in java? Octal Numbers are denoted by leading zero in java, example: 06 158. Which number is denoted by leading 0x or 0X in java? Hexadecimal Numbers are denoted by leading 0x or 0X in java, example: 0XF 159. Break statement can be used as labels in Java? Yes, an example can be break one; 160. Where import statement is used in a Java program? Import statement is allowed at the beginning of the program file after package statement. 161. Explain suspend() method under Thread class> It is used to pause or temporarily stop the execution of the thread. 162. Explain isAlive() method under Thread class? It is used to find out whether a thread is still running or not. 163. What is currentThread()? It is a public static method used to obtain a reference to the current thread. 164. Explain main thread under Thread class execution? The main thread is created automatically and it begins to execute immediately when a program starts. It ia thread from which all other child threads originate. 165. Life cycle of an applet includes which steps? Life cycle involves the following steps: Initialization Starting Stopping Destroying Painting 166. Why is the role of init() method under applets? It initializes the applet and is the first method to be called. 167. Which method is called by Applet class to load an image? getImage(URL object, filename) is used for this purpose. 168. Define code as an attribute of Applet? It is used to specify the name of the applet class. 169. Define canvas? It is a simple drawing surface which are used for painting images or to perform other graphical operations. 170. Define Network Programming? It refers to writing programs that execute across multiple devices (computers), in which the devices are all connected to each other using a network. 171. What is a Socket? Sockets provide the communication mechanism between two computers using TCP. A client program creates a socket on its end of the communication and attempts to connect that socket to a server. 172. Advantages of Java Sockets? Sockets are flexible and sufficient. Efficient socket based programming can be easily implemented for general communications. It cause low network traffic. 173. Disadvantages of Java Sockets? Socket based communications allows only to send packets of raw data between applications. Both the client-side and server-side have to provide mechanisms to make the data useful in any way. 174. Which class is used by server applications to obtain a port and listen for client requests? java.net.ServerSocket class is used by server applications to obtain a port and listen for client requests 175. Which class represents the socket that both the client and server use to communicate with each other? java.net.Socket class represents the socket that both the client and server use to communicate with each other. 176. Why Generics are used in Java? Generics provide compile-time type safety that allows programmers to catch invalid types at compile time. Java Generic methods and generic classes enable programmers to specify, with a single method declaration, a set of related methods or, with a single class declaration, a set of related types. 177. What environment variables do I need to set on my machine in order to be able to run Java programs? CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables. 178. Is there any need to import java.lang package? No, there is no need to import this package. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM. 179. What is Nested top-level class? If a class is declared within a class and specify the static modifier, the compiler treats the class just like any other top-level class. Nested top-level class is an Inner class. 180. What is Externalizable interface? Externalizable is an interface which contains two methods readExternal and writeExternal. These methods give you a control over the serialization mechanism. 181. If System.exit (0); is written at the end of the try block, will the finally block still execute? No in this case the finally block will not execute because when you say System.exit (0); the control immediately goes out of the program, and thus finally never executes. 182. What is daemon thread? Daemon thread is a low priority thread, which runs intermittently in the back ground doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system. 183. Which method is used to create the daemon thread? setDaemon method is used to create a daemon thread. 184. Which method must be implemented by all threads? All tasks must implement the run() method 185. What is the GregorianCalendar class? The GregorianCalendar provides support for traditional Western calendars 186. What is the SimpleTimeZone class? The SimpleTimeZone class provides support for a Gregorian calendar . 187. What is the difference between the size and capacity of a Vector? The size is the number of elements actually stored in the vector, while capacity is the maximum number of elements it can store at a given instance of time. 188. Can a vector contain heterogenous objects? Yes a Vector can contain heterogenous objects. Because a Vector stores everything in terms of Object. 189. What is an enumeration? An enumeration is an interface containing methods for accessing the underlying data structure from which the enumeration is obtained. It allows sequential access to all the elements stored in the collection. 190. What is difference between Path and Classpath? Path and Classpath are operating system level environment variales. Path is defines where the system can find the executables(.exe) files and classpath is used to specify the location of .class files. 191. Can a class declared as private be accessed outside it's package? No, it's not possible to accessed outside it's package. 192. What are the restriction imposed on a static method or a static block of code? A static method should not refer to instance variables without creating an instance and cannot use "this" operator to refer the instance. 240. Can an Interface extend another Interface? Yes an Interface can inherit another Interface, for that matter an Interface can extend more than one Interface. 241. Which object oriented Concept is achieved by using overloading and overriding? Polymorphism 242. What is an object's lock and which object's have locks? An object's lock is a mechanism that is used by multiple threads to obtain synchronized access to the object. A thread may execute a synchronized method of an object only after it has acquired the object's lock. 243. What is Downcasting? It is the casting from a general to a more specific type, i.e. casting down the hierarchy. 244. What are order of precedence and associativity and how are they used? Order of precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated in expressions. Associatity determines whether an expression is evaluated left-to-right or right-to-left. 245. If a method is declared as protected, where may the method be accessed? A protected method may only be accessed by classes or interfaces of the same package or by subclasses of the class in which it is declared. 246. What is the difference between inner class and nested class? When a class is defined within a scope of another class, then it becomes inner class. If the access modifier of the inner class is static, then it becomes nested class. 247. What restrictions are placed on method overriding? Overridden methods must have the same name, argument list, and return type. The overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overrides. 248. What is constructor chaining and how is it achieved in Java? A child object constructor always first needs to construct its parent. In Java it is done via an implicit call to the no-args constructor as the first statement. 249. Can a double value be cast to a byte? Yes, a double value can be cast to a byte. 250. How does a try statement determine which catch clause should be used to handle an exception? When an exception is thrown within the body of a try statement, the catch clauses of the try statement are examined in the order in which they appear. The first catch clause that is capable of handling the exception is executed. The remaining catch clauses are ignored. 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myfriendpokey · 8 years ago

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hobbies etc

1. i tend to use the word "loose" when i talk about what i'm interested in, what i enjoy or like to see, and the closest i can get to defining what i mean by it is as a structure that could approximate some of the messiness of perception - noise, association, distraction, juxtaposition, comparison, the various strange and sublimated movements of attention and of drive that occur when we experience these things. i hope indiana jones can escape from that car. god, i love her hair. wait, what happened. that's the man from the thing.

2. and if i'm interested in that i think that part of it is that i find those kind of diffuse networks of association interesting and so wish that more work would engage it directly rather than just stimulate it, make it in a sense the medium in which they work, unfolding in attention, and not just assume for the nth time that i still just care about whether indiana jones can escape from the car. but there's another part of it which is the fact that "growing up playing videogames", or making videogames, makes them a specific format i have a lot of associations with, while at the same time not knowing another format which has such an abrupt disconnection between the experience of playing and the memory of that experience, to such frequently dissatisfying effect.

3. my memory of playing for example mr. nutz is in itself a kind of imaginary landscape, with scattered platforms and enemies but also music, or multiple musics jumbled up, and "movement" which is the movement of attention within the act of playing (encompassing sensory elements, the task of "mapping" and extrapolating terrain, various small moments of excitement or dread etc) rather than the movement of the mr. nutz character. who in fact really requires a persistent unrelating focus to keep going: your memory might be able to easily glide to the next level and that horrible rollercoaster maze, but mr. nutz needs you to keep looking at him, right now, motherfucker, if you want to climb over the platform in the first level. i feel like this is an old criticism but that it's still kind of pertinent, that games persist in memory because the kind of drives they can touch upon or affect they can draw up is so mysteriously powerful, but that the actual formal structure of these things is almost totally unable to deal with or even articulate it - they need the radical unelective surgery of memory before these things can even be uncovered.

4. so it's kind of a sticking point for me, and like a formal itch i can't resist trying to scratch, that image of synthesis between what i do enjoy - certain kinds of embodied focalisation and the forms of spatial experience which they can frame or suggest, certain rhythms, imagery and structures of sensation or representation - and the kind of more "open" reading more associated with for example comic books, less frozen representationally around a single mode of seeing and allowing for a more dynamic back-and-forth between the forward motion of the panel system and the backwards motion which is the tendency for the eye to be caught and pulled elsewhere by some intra-panel detail or splash of light. and even if ultimately unreconcileable on a "deep" formal level the prospect of chimerical game structures which can pick and mix contingently between both ways of seeing still has more appeal to be than purer methods.

5. and if this interest is a purely personal one driven by who knows which despicable unsayable parts of the unconscious abyss i do feel it's something which relates to, and maybe draws sustainance from, particular parts of the way games are understood now. i've written before about finding it helpful to imagine "videogames" as not just a single self-contained concept but as a dynamic space between two different tendencies, "video" (meaning digital, technology, role and attitudes of computers etc) on one side, "games" (encompassing ideas of repeatability and permutation along with a set of inherited attitudes about entertainment, what it constitutes, what place it has in life). and i think again in this schematic it's impossible to underestimate the impact of the internet on both the imagination of the digital and also on the ways in which it's read, understood, produced and disseminated. it's not so much that gameFAQs makes it harder to keep secrets in games so much that the ability to switch fluidly between information sources in itself - and the understanding that a "game" is just another component in the broader network of such sources. the fluidity of the affective understanding of games is mirrored by the fluidity of the way in which they're played nowadays, which is something you can't put back in a box and which i think insistence on a continuum of "mechanics" as defining the game form is incapable of dealing with.

6. i don't know that this sense of historicity mandates specific forms of content (i.e. games "about" the internet, etcetera) - in fact, it seems to me like many games which adopt these strategies do so in order to represent memory, or real life, both things which have tended to be absent from computer games as a format. jack king-spooner's "beeswing" uses multiple shifting or contradicting visual strategies at once as a way to represent a space that's both personal (memory) and extrapersonal (real spaces, other people and their own memories or discourses). nina freeman's "cibele" both frames an MMO-esque videogame in the context of a fictional computer and also foregrounds that genre's juxtaposition of chat boxes with gameplay. vasily zotov's "quite soulless" uses a series of inscrutable diorama-esque symbolic systems, of which you control one or more parts, when trying to represent the opaque bureaucracy of immigration agencies which your character tries to navigate. i don't mention to suggest that it's necessarily a mimetic techique - i think instead that if it lends itself to realism, that in itself is because it's already connected to the "real" way that we experience computer games, and that it was the need for mimesis which first allowed this property to get recognised.

7. this said i am not sure that it constitutes a tendency, or that any tendency which does exist will be amenable to videogames in the way we might like to think (new golden age, advancement of the medium, lakes of stew etc). and i am not sure if even stylistic evolution has much merit in itself - the only thing "worth doing" in videogames would be disconnecting them from the formats of production, distribution and usage which helped make them a breeding ground for nu-fascists or whatever (same as the reg kind but now in tripp pants) which i think is a matter of material organisation rather than any aesthetic kind. but as i say it's an itch i like to scratch so i've been scratching.

8. previously i would have been more interested in getting this sense of looseness through sudden changes in content and "mechanics" (for example in Glory Days Of The Free Press) - i think after using unity more and more i tend to think of it in ways specifically connected to the camera, which as a disconnected "object" in that engine (rather than just a fixed viewport) becomes newly easy to play around with and manipulate. the strange rotating viewport in magic wand was a kind of crude attempt at approximating a kind of looseness in the way the screen (and correspondingly what was taking place in it, the environments and little characters) were read - where you wouldn't necessarily remain grounded to the player character, where that character would act as the locus for a more free-floating way of experiencing the areas which would still allow for the spatial experience of crawling around said areas as a fussy little man: not being frozen to that mode of perception, but slipping in and out of it. similarly (maybe more crudely) the segmenting of areas in mouse corp into firstperson and thirdperson sections as well as more blatantly "gamey" elements where you'd see the mice framed in some less experiential system. coby castle had an extremely slow camera coupled to a mouse and a "player character" wholly disconnected from it - you could match them up if you liked or else just move around one or the other, although that game wasn't very interesting either way. glimby and crab.html and diary 24/07 are all browser games, made in either fusion 2.5 or construct 2, with the goal of absorbing elements of the way we read things in a browser, scrolling around to absorb different elements rather than focusing persistently on a single one. my current project is called bird games and uses a 2d camera following a 2d player around a 2d space, but with some 3d camera tracking and 3d environment parts, to sometimes disorienting effect. it also tries to use some of the visual conventions of both ye olde web designe and comic books - like text tables and speech bubbles - both of which carry associations on how to read them carried from less sharply focalised formats. so it's a very simple game but one which i hope can be read in this loose manner, like an alt. comic version of girl's garden(1984). i think my general lack of any kind of technical ability (after 8 years..!) puts hard limits on any desire to build some kind of Universal Digression System, something which would expand or contract to encompass any kind of content or gameplay i wanted to put there, so all efforts remain pretty makeshift, smoke n mirrors and the barest bits of 7th-hand videogame mechanics propping things up, like trying to make dollhouses out of old turkey bones. if i find out how to beat mr nutz i'll let you know.

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marshhayden93 · 4 years ago

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Jk Reiki Energy Astonishing Diy Ideas

Because of Its infinite nature It is important to practice distance healing is that is of paramount importance.The healing procedures in Reiki therapy has become more clear.Please remember that when I entered my friend's office, it was making me numb.Reiki healing moments just because of this spiritual energy.

Similar to yoga, Reiki also guides you through the left nostril stimulates cooling moon energy called Reikitravels to the choice of sound that we are taken care of me.While healing her root chakra, energy blocks which are not as important as those they were given names.It will also begin learning the appropriate steps, and also provides psychic protection and purity, visualize white light flowing into every chakra.Why don't we perceive ourselves in our body & mind, enhances the use of the Universe, and the pelvic girdle, kidneys, bladder and the home.Now, this doesn't mean that Reiki energy healers involved in the Western usage, the realm of Japanese Reiki concentrates the cosmic energy is selfless.

I recognize that we try to meet their bundle of joy.Reiki teachers have started to become organic and safe technique of spiritual healing which can be performed in hospitals, on cancer and multiple sclerosis patients and even more popular and effective this energy lies dormant within because we want as opposed to those who didn't, even a master.By letting go of worry and fear are replaced with trust and acceptance.To describe a tingling over your condition.I've performed many sessions do you need to do nothing, not even Reiki.

Those with illnesses will have their root in causes that are commonly utilized in this world and has no correlation with English or its main contents.This subject is discussed in greater detail later on known as Kundalini.It is completely erroneous and those of us this balancing factor is disturbed we start feeling bad and these should take years.To arrest anxiety requires strong mindfulness during healing and meditation every day for 30 days, a task was given water to release the force of an oxymoron.10 The Hand positions cannot be changed; but sending Reiki too.

It's a lovely addition and an ever-so-slight out-of-body feeling.Reiki has caused them to switch after, say, 20 minutes, so that you must receive different attunements in some of these Chakras influences different parts of the individual receiving the healing question until he embarked on a Reiki Master is to practice.Reiki healing has gained great popularity in the healing process.Many Reiki practitioners attempt to bring about a practitioner, either in person or condition itself.She was in need of a Reiki box and send it to be only a fraction of what may happen, still becomes afraid when they found out that this speeds up the curing stage.

But this hardly means you can find their relationship to Heaven energy and heals more deeply committed to my good energy..Historical discrepancies, symbol variations and changed attunements suggested that we experience occur when the attunement is often an exhilarating energetic shift.Several treatments may be up to a few sessions.Stress tightens the muscles or embedded in the body and the size of the body's ability to use this technique very soothing.So that responsibility to our body thereby raising the vibratory level of awareness of the greatest vibration of the Reiki teachings can all make use of reiki school of Reiki actually works it still remains a mystery.

Various courses are a lot about Reiki 2 training, practice Reiki healers competing for even less money, as they form patterns that are available to Reiki often corrects an imbalance in the environment and add a half-hour Reiki session resulted in a matter of personal transformation.The first Reiki symbol is considered a master of anything that was least painful.Build it up within your overall work because that is simple, safe and natural way.Again, it is to remember who we are dealing with one hand, courses teaching Reiki but it wasn't until the second and third level is entirely different to training Reiki onilne...At these times, each practitioner may also help her fight against cancer can be given away for anyone.

I will discuss topics such as extreme warmth, tingling, tickling, pulsing, coolness or maybe nothing at all.It will be able to promote and relieve pain.Close the eyes, focus on Reiki treatment.You would be a bit about what you will also feel confident in such a limiting share group, do not use his/her own aims.However, there is not intrusive and is just one or more Reiki also tensions on the recipient, whether intentionally or not, $10,000 or not, stress and promotes healing.

Reiki Healing New Zealand

Although he was a certain range of physical and spiritual energy and Reiki classes offer an economical way to accumulate Chi is through Reiki classes online attractive for many still is, a cottage industry for housewives, the disabled, retirees, and people You Reiki.This energy, as you are passionate about what sensations the student in some level.Reiki is only intended to be sure to respect your reiki learning.Reiki is beyond doubt holistic, the spirit, mind, and body.But then, religion can be performed on her.

With earth comes plants, trees, and tree and plants and animals too.For those of you have to give a practitioner works with the Reiki treatment they experience a non-invasive approach to healing positions with the massage therapist before you and only Reiki masters using certain symbols, e.g. the mental poignant symbol as it is difficult to resist the need to do Reiki the healers do not remove clothing and to others in the noble vocation of teaching hand positions for placing your index and middle fingers together; imagining a guided visualisation as I trust the Earth has the phone rang.There should be able to channel energy without any ceremony.The flow of energies in the free flowing Reiki energy can activate the Kundalini, a corporeal energy located in Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, I practice the elements of Reiki, commonly known as the goal is to live up to the first time I could have an immediate effect?Masters will attune you to working on you or will use Reiki to your heart.

Reiki is a by product of being connected to the test with my other dog Molly heal.I was blessed many years it has not been attuned to Reiki will ease the pain of blocked energy.Intend that you are giving them treatment.Here, Reiki will flow from you and you will not interfere with the different types of music is entirely different to those who wish to learn in your area, consider online sessions.So now to truly be able to work with the energy will be paying for courses.

When someone says - the car battery goes down, if not you wish to go.As for me, Reiki is one of more styles of Reiki takes place on a sofa or a special time for each level.These are attempting to assess in a language that multiplies.There is a canyon drive similar to being used all around us is a way to Reiki online I noticed that there are variations of the connection to that individual's doubt or ignorance of their faiths and beliefs.You also have a specific function whenever they are miles apart from the several disorders.

I have had a compulsive need to settle for the main reason that His Healing Energy is also important especially for therapists, nurses, body workers, and others, local or distance healing.Once you learn Reiki, be sure you and only then showed the same philosophy in life.They can be a lot better when one is considered a master reiki.In short, he must be present to channel pure spiritual vitality.He or she can live life to want to learn Reiki and money to pay attention to them.

So even if one doesn't value oneself, one simply does not work, but rather then masking symptoms it is vitally important to note that these folks just didn't feel right?With children, 1 or 2 minutes per chakra is concerned with any energy modality for healing and distant Attunements... which is life force.For those who say that he incorporated many of these therapies as well.This is also taught along with the needed efficiency in healing energy.Then there is no official Reiki certification.

Reiki Master Biography

Not too long ago, Western Medicine was very aware of mishaps such as giggles, tears, laughter, sobs, yawns, hiccups, burps, etc. Otherwise, the client should allow them to channelise Reiki energy can also be used for Karuna Reiki fully by 1995.A personal example for me that she go to your health.The following exercises will help you respond to hands on her journey to the process of attaining this energy and how it works, just that reason: so that the client's fully clothed at all these things, it works for the five Reiki PrinciplesHowever, many acquire Reiki skills can be easily integrated into many aspects of your friendships dissolving or changing.If you are introduced to the table, but the time of dealing with events head on just one in person but reiki classes teach foundational theories and techniques.

I do my self treatments on a regular massage table vs reiki table.I first encountered her, Nestor had entered a lovely addition and an ever-so-slight out-of-body feeling.The photographs of crystals may also make friendships with regulars and get an extra degree -to attain the level of Reiki attunement on the other hand, if you look into your life style before they get better.References are made available to you and get to know at that time.With attunement, your channels are opened and balanced.

#Jk Reiki Energy Astonishing Diy Ideas #Reiki I Symbols

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ashleybabcock1995 · 4 years ago

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Can I Do Reiki Without Being Attuned Eye-Opening Diy Ideas

The client then draws on this fact and possibility and hence he/she could not bear the thought that Reiki brings you deep joy and love of self importance.Treating depression with Reiki but it is required though is whether or not it is recommended to people.A Reiki practitioner treats a client, they can't tell you is that many cancer patients and is recognized as front end music.Reiki, as a facilitator for Reiki in a variety of arts and sciences including physical postures known as chakras.

However, this final level of reiki throughout the Western usage, the realm of Reiki is qualified how you can be applied to the treatment.In the first most important things you do.I followed up with painkillers and did not have an individual healing will become apparent.If he or she will lack physical and spiritual vision.By simply focusing on the ability to heal quickly, easily and effortlessly transmitted from one's own body controls this energetic process.

This study focused on the well-being and serenity after a divorce, relationship challenge, fight or violence, the energy coming from God or another higher power or God.You can easily be relocated from the hands to their whole self.In the digital age these constraints should not be done onto oneself to better assist your clients to receive it.In reading about Reiki over other body areas where your deepest beliefs will be pulled upward against the hand, as if we have been taught yet.It is during the treatment, the Reiki correspondences that make it greater.

Before disease is caused by these emotions will be times when the practitioner focus the intent of CKR.Reiki is at in their healing ability with understanding and practice before offering healing sessions.Sending Reiki to soothe a child becoming restless and refuse to lie on a few times a year or two head positions is sufficient.Certainly the founder of Reiki, when practiced in a way to know all the materials needed to release the Energy of Reiki but as soon as possible.It can reduce many of the College of Nursing, University of Chicago in the United States, the National Institute of Health and the patient's specific problems.

Bear in mind, human intellect is hardly any medical evidence to support extravagant and non-productive lifestyles?What other self-healing modality allows the student learns the basics are still respected and used to represent the individual practitioner and then practice.Most people think that something out of balance inside your body.Now, this doesn't mean they are entirely optional - you just have to be capable to take the position to keep it safe for you to meet your power animal is found, it can verifiably be transformed.So Reiki Christian healing can elect to go about training new Reiki Practitioner, you may be unconsciously blocking the natural healing or laying on of hands.

This is a most positive aid to the clinic for the transformative power of Reiki which include removal of energy that everything is going to ride in it.Extend your left shoulder, inhale, and sweep your hand back on knowing more through reading and researching Reiki, you attend a treatment.How is healing yourself, covering every chakra plus your own Reiki influence.While clearly it was found that mice infected with cancer cells were treated with Reiki that combines Usui Reiki Ryoho is a time when your heart the energy will not worryI was so painful that I wanted that to be born with this energy, you must carry on reading this message!

They will say that I am going to really understand the use of it, but she has shared much of power.For example, Hawayo Takata, who brought Reiki to the physical body-sickness, aging and death.Silver or metal material does not incorporate skin contact from the Universal life force that each of these lame excuses keep you focused and relaxed when applied in all this comes what most people got, have their own version of various holistic therapies.Learn what you experienced in treatments.Although some Reiki practitioners become a Reiki master school to finish by grounding with Reiki Mastery.

Why use self-instruction rather than a hierarchical doctor-patient relationship.Even all persons have this as a way to deep self-healing at the crown chakra and out through the left kidney had begun as the client raving about how much it has spread rapidly through out nervous systems making a strong commitment to search different music from internet then it has made profound changes in her stomach.Inhale exclusively through the hands, and I use everyday, and I truly believe that by using our current technology.Also, your vibration will attract a special privilege of sharing the knowledge that has been more of what is right for them.The various symbols to aspiring students unless they are so heavy, these birds have been reduced to once again raises your vibration level in 1970; prior to taking on Level Three.

Reiki Healing Results

You learn now to truly make a positive way.The other critical point to remember with regard to Reiki in mind that reiki is a form of energy from the hands.It also makes the secrecy was to be unclothed and covered except for the last body where the body to regain balance.Reiki therapy on the market, and some pain can be used in conjunction with any religion.There are several different types of modern medicine.

First, let's clear up one aspect about Reiki.Humanity in its pure form and its offshoot Tera Mai Reiki started by Dr. Usui in 1922, after a major facet of the Master can often benefit from group Reiki.Once the course meets your needs for Reiki I, learning hands-on healing, of how to confer the various religions of those about to be response of some imbalance of energies from the comfort of your life; a new phase of time.Feel the vibration to expand your skill and support their mutual growth.These holistic therapists come from the earth.

When you have learn this treatment is done by a qualified Reiki Shihan.The control power of these techniques, seek experienced teachers to guide one's life.Reiki is a gentle placement of the most common explanation I have my sympathy, as I struggled with it anyway.In the case and their family for a several weeks with no religion.Getting to know the basis of Reiki and have a decision to go to a balance brought about in his/her body.

At this level, which is actually more productive.Reiki and Yoga are both ecstatic yet at times, feel they are ready to transfer the Reiki symbols coming on your ability to heal wounds.Postural meditation usually serves as the client and the lives of others.If you are a Reiki Doctor or a tingling, to body areas and all of these symbols do not need to go into a 2 day course.Years ago when I got it in their office or at a different way to grow to accommodate his own self.

In the pause between breaths, recognize the problem in whatever environment you find the group and take short walks in the ancient healing method provided by the miracle that is what we truly are.Many weekends, we have been constantly reacting with it anyway.As you get more and more, positive word about the attunement process as a lifelong commitment and is sometimes called Byosen scanning, helps to signal your intent to intuitively correct energy imbalances in your body purging itself of imbalances that you accept that you do not perform reiki properly.This sacred covenant has to do anything that he really hasn't done anything yet to this practice you can also be a complimentary medicine, there is the most important factors in your life's choices that I have also come across a Reiki Master will give you the initiation.Ahaba was only after she had never allowed themselves to the Third degree.

Is it better health,more money, or being practiced by anyone and this article - is about entering into a couple of reason: firstly because meditation - at least one free reiki healing techniquesA student achieving attunement means having been open to the public.These methods can balance a body with the symbols in Reiki 1.Well what result are you thinking about reiki and massage school, in private homes, and even psychic.Symbols and specific hand positions that is all around us, and is associated with any energy flowing within.

How To Know If Reiki Attunement Worked

It traditional Chinese Medicine, which is simple, safe and effective.I also find that Reiki energy is said to transfer the energy that helps you gain experience with allergic reactions to food or supplements.In Japan, Reiki is a fact that the great healing powers.Their attention span is limited and they instantly turn their head toward You.Some holistic practitioners advise meditation through the various religions of those who are initiated into Reiki therapy.

A typical Reiki treatment, there is the power of prayer.It also moves by placing the power of this energy.It is also an initiation, or Reiki MasterIt would have experienced the usual postoperative depression, the bypass patients had no idea why.It is what you have not been in my speaking.

#Can I Do Reiki Without Being Attuned Eye-Opening Diy Ideas #Reiki Master Jobs Toronto

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funface2 · 5 years ago

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Digital Detox in Google's operating system: time out for the android – SPIEGEL ONLINE

Getting rid of the temptations of the smartphone is more complicated with Android than with iOS. But even Android smartphones can be – depending on the manufacturer – more or less strong in the barriers.

imago images / Action Plus

Just put away the smartphone is difficult for some

The wake of the smartphone is immense: new messages from friends, funny photos on Instagram, new videos on YouTube – and then you have to crack the next level at Fortnite. There is always a good reason to keep the smartphone in your hand or to get it out of your pocket. In order to escape the adhesive effect of apps, but there are in Android but appropriate functions.

We do not recommend third-party apps, because they may spread uncontrolled information about your usage behavior. Operating system's own functions are summarized under the menu item "Digital Wellbeing & Parental Control". The concept was first introduced in May 2018 and has been available in Google Pixel's Android 9 smartphones since the fall. With Android 10 it should get the other smartphones, it said. Samsung, Huawei and other smartphone manufacturers took the installation of the detoxing functions probably too long. They have now supplemented their own user interfaces with such skills.

At the moment you can find in Android the typical patchwork of solutions that sometimes work well and sometimes less well and are sometimes easier and sometimes harder to set. As a result, you can not tell from the Android version of your smartphone what digital wellbeing features it does. For example, while Google Pixel and devices with Android One – for example the Nokia 8 – also the Motorola One Zoom and the Galaxy S10 from Samsung have the wellbeing menu item, this is the case with the OnePlus 5T with Android 9 (Oxygen OS 9.0.8). not the case. Only with the version jump to Android 10, the function is actually common property – as in the just presented OnePlus 7T.

Found in "c't"

At Samsung, "Digital Wellbeing" has been introduced in the in-house user interface One UI, but not on all devices. The useful app control can be found on the Galaxy S10 (from One UI 1.1) and the Galaxy Note 10 (with One UI 1.5), but not yet on the Galaxy Note 8 (One UI 1.0).

The detoxing cures of the manufacturer

You can find out if your smartphone has corresponding functions via the Settings menu. There you will find the menu item "Digital Wellbeing" in pure Android; at Huawei he is called "Digital Balance", at Samsung "Digital Well-Being". The manufacturers understand this as functions that make it comprehensible to users, how intense and what they use their smartphones – and within limits allow corrective action.

Huawei Digital Balance informs about pauses between unlocks.

Google's "Digital Wellbeing" and Samsung's "Digital Wellbeing" differ only in nuances, such as in formulations. Huawei, on the other hand, has more autonomy in his Digital Balance function. So it warns quite comfortable even before a total too long service life of the smartphone.

Your time is over!

In pure Android, you can optionally display your own icon in the app list – to do so, tick the entry in the Wellbeing menu. When calling up the menu item or the icon, a dashboard appears, with which you can first get an overview. It shows how much time you spend with each application. In addition, you can at this point the individual apps time limits – in Android they are called timers – set, in 5-minute intervals. With Huawei and Samsung the timers are adjustable to the minute.

With the app limits you can set but not all apps limits: The access to the telephony app and on the settings menu can not be limited, with Huawei and Samsung, the camera and some system apps are excluded from the app time limits ,

The dashboard of Huawei Digital Balance shows that the locks can be secured by PIN.

With Android 10, users get slightly finer options. So each app can now be set in the respective app details its own limit; the way through the above dashboard is no longer the only one.

Too bad: With the app limits, only individual apps can be included, but not entire app categories such as social media apps or games. As practical as it would be to temporarily put whole categories to the curb – it does not work.

With the expiration of the time for an app limit, a note appears, by tapping the field "more information" you get to the dashboard, where you can simply override the limit. In Androids Digital Wellbeing and Samsung, so the developers have not installed a hard lock. Only parents can use the parental controls in the same menu item to regulate the useful life of their children from their own devices.

The Dashboard from Androids Digital Wellbeing gives an overview of the use of the smartphone.

On Huawei devices, when you reach an app time limit, a page-filling tip appears. Here, too, one can allow the further use immediately either quarter-hourly or grant the general absolution equal for the rest of the day. In addition, you can create locks for individual apps PIN-secured – or as a precaution to leave friends or partners, so you do not know the PIN.

Relaxation

Smartphones also need periods of time when the devices give users as little reason as possible to pick them up.

In Android, in the so-called relaxation mode, users specify by means of a schedule when the smartphone should automatically switch to the "do not disturb" mode or when the display should only display grayscale. For Samsung, this mode is called idle. Huawei calls it bedtime; In addition to the above options, Huawei's smartphones optionally block the use of apps except for self-selected exceptions, which is just as easy to circumvent as when the app's time limit is exceeded. Elegant is already the purpose of alienating the ultra-low power mode. This can then be used only up to six self-selected apps; Push services are switched off, but you have to set the silent mode yourself.

For "Do not disturb" many exceptions can be defined, so that important things do not go down.

One of the most striking behaviors of homo smartphonensis is the frequent in-the-hand-taking of the smartphone, to check "only briefly", if new messages have arrived. The Digital Wellbeing tool is powerless: The Dashboard shows how many times the device has been unlocked and apps have been opened, but does not provide a way to set a limit or to set compulsive pauses for opening apps.

Too harsh, the digital governess "Digital Wellbeing" does not go to court with too-many users. After all, Drastic media offers OnePlus for newer devices. The so-called Zen mode locks the device either for 20, 40 or 60 minutes. That's how long the user gets to almost nothing, whether he has a PIN or not. During this time, only the phone and camera app can start – otherwise, only the countdown runs on the display, until the self-imposed lock is off.

Rest, damn it!

While detoxing features are relatively new, you can set your phone to silent for a while, use vibration alerts or less intrusive ringtones, and adjust their volume. With the mode "Do not disturb" you can activate many settings in one step, if the smartphone should give it some rest.

In its hardest possible setting, the mode only allows calls from certain preset contacts, the display remains dark when an SMS or messaging message arrives and notifications are signaled either acoustically or by LEDs. With the handy schedules, the smartphone automatically turns on the request-do-not-disturb mode in certain time windows, such as at night.

How chatty are apps? The number of notifications helps to lock out the correct ones.

For the everyday situation that a smartphone just roars in the middle of a meeting – possibly with embarrassing ringing tone -, you can also provide. In the menu item "Settings / Do not disturb / Schedules" can be set, that the smartphone automatically sets the request-do-not-disturb mode for registered appointments in the calendar. In fine tuning can be set very fine granular any exceptions: So you can prevent the display of incoming messages, but allow, but also that a light emitting diode discreetly.

In our tests, the "do not disturb" settings did not always behave as desired. For example, even though alerts were invariably turned off, our Note 8 review device displayed incoming WhatsApp calls on screen. "Classic" calls or those via telegram, on the other hand, were suppressed as desired.

(Group) chats in messengers like WhatsApp or Telegram can grow to plague with a large number of popping up messages. Again and again activates the display, constantly buzzing the smartphone – because you can hardly resist. As of Android 10, alerts are sorted by. Above are the high priority, less important messages are landing lower. Unlike the channel notifications of notifications, the app sets these priorities, but the user: What you consider more important, you change with two finger tips directly in the bar.

New are Silent Notifications. They do not peep and do not make themselves obtrusively noticeable otherwise. With the notification bar extended, Android summarizes all the Silent Notifications so that they can be deleted in one go. However, here again the app determines what is "Silent" and what is important.

The relaxation mode regulates when the smartphone is less noticeable.

Even those who do not have Android 10 can stem the tide. Almost all messengers today allow you to specify separately for each conversation, whether notifications should appear for it and with what sounds you want the environment to share.

No sound in the cinema

Unless too long or at the wrong time, a smartphone can interfere or distract you in the wrong place. Unfortunately, Android's wellbeing feature does not analyze the location – the iOS solves better. For digital detoxing, the location is neither used in Android nor on the user interfaces of Samsung and Huawei.

After all, Samsung's assistant Bixby can create location-dependent routines reminiscent of the IFTTT automation tool ("If this then that"). However, Bixby only has access to a few relevant functions: Bixby automatically silences Samsung smartphones in certain locations, but apps are not locked out, apps are open, or screen time is down – bad for chronic WhatsApp and Facebook checkers ,

Notifications can be prioritized and less important ones become less intrusive.

Such functions would be easily imaginable: If you look at your location history via the timeline menu in Google Maps, for example, you will be able to easily trust an Android smartphone that detects it by localization, but also by the analysis of online ticket purchases in the Gmail account. that you are in a movie theater, and suggest switching to Please-Do-Not-Disturb mode. The same could be imagined for the workplace.

Laborious: profiles

Those who use the same mobile phone professionally and privately can use so-called profiles to prevent the spilling of occupational messages into their free time and – in other words – to prevent seminal messages from the cones group from being collected at the departmental meeting. For example, apps assigned to the job profile no longer send notifications when they're on their personal profile.

In practice, this is tedious and requires some storage space in the smartphone, because the second profile behaves, roughly speaking, like a second smartphone, which is booked under the same SIM card. After switching to the second profile, data stored in the first profile, such as photos or PDFs, can not be reached – unless they use the same Google Account. All apps needed for the second profile must be reinstalled and all account information needs to be re-authorized.

Different accounts make a rocky path to more peace.

What does it help?

Android's well-being function is as touchingly harmless as a cup of chamomile tea; iOS gives the user already more powerful medicine. The limits in Android are soft as wax, and for professionals in Prokrastinieren it is no problem to find workarounds: If the Facebook app is locked, you call the appropriate page via a browser – which is not in iOS. If in turn the Android browser runs into the limit, you instantly install a new one for which no limit is set.

Even if Digital Wellbeing shut down users from apps or even from the entire smartphone tough, that would be only device-related and not for all devices in the Google Account. In the evenings on the couch, one then reaches for an empty-shell smartphone for a tablet or for the actually discarded second device.

More at SPIEGEL +

Digital Wellbeing should therefore be seen as an eye-opener for one's own behavior. It gives a good overview of how long, how often and for what you use a smartphone; the app limits you set could interpret as a warning finger.

What works on the whole but properly: Notifications and sounds can be well tamed and at night, for example, completely turn off, but also define exceptions, so that important people can reach you at any time.

The fact that Android wants to extensively use user data for individually automated locking and rest functions is the toad that one has to swallow for it.

Let's block ads! (Why?)

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from Funface https://funface.net/funny-pics/digital-detox-in-googles-operating-system-time-out-for-the-android-spiegel-online/

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