#not that arabic is related to hindi or english since it's a semitic language and the other two come from proto-indo-european

[silver-studios]

Sometimes I forget that hindi and english have a common linguistic ancestor and it throws me the fuck off when the similarities are pointed out to me because I'm a firm supporter of the English Does Not Make Sense club.

[loveletter2you]

Hi Lizzie, I hope you're doing well. I was actually wondering, since you do have a lot of knowledge of languages, which are the easiest and hardest to learn? And also do you have any good links to learning languages? Sorry if this is a dumb question. Anyways, have a wonderful and bright day!!

hi! :)

so that's not a straightforward question so i apologize in advance for the long-winded answer kjhghj

okay so it really depends on what languages you know! like some languages in the world have very closely related languages, e.g., if you speak dutch you'll have an easy time learning german, etc., and it's not always straightforward bc some languages are distantly related while some aren't related at all, so in theory you would have an easier time learning sanskrit than you would arabic as an english speaker bc sanskrit and english are distantly related (both indo-european) whereas arabic is in a totally different language family (semitic, part of afroasiatic branch) or hungarian (uralic, not indo-european at all)..... also in some ways languages have shared features that are completely coincidental that will make learning certain features easier... e.g. i have a hungarian friend who studies japanese and she has a way easier time learning japanese than me when i tried but we figured out that hungarian and japanese actually have a lot of shared features (despite not being related at all) that english doesnt have (namely agglutinating morphology and they're both topic-prominent languages rather than subject-prominent) which goes to show that certain things will be easier and harder to learn due to their proximity to your native language and that doesn't always have to do with genetic relatedness. and on that same topic, i find it a lot easier as a native english speaker to learn chinese than japanese because the grammar is more similar, though obviously chinese is still very different from english. it's also going to be easier to learn languages that use your writing system or a similar writing system... e.g. it will be easier to learn a language with the latin alphabet than another alphabet, but it will be easier to learn e.g. the cyrillic or greek alphabet than a non-alphabetic writing system (e.g. chinese hanzi or devanagari which is used for hindi and some other indian languages)

all that being said!!! for a native english speaker, the FSI created a list that basically ranks many foreign languages by difficulty which you can find here ! you can really just take this as a vague guideline though, ease of language learning also depends on your level of interest, motivation, and exposure; also they rank chinese and japanese on the same level and like i said i think chinese is way easier to learn for a native english speaker than japanese lmao so its not like an exact science but good for reference!

also i have a list of language learning resources here :)

[gayagendaofficial]

i think something interesting that might lead to why so many english speakers think that gender distinctions are an inherent part of pronouns is just the fact that so many of the most common languages to learn as a second language for english speakers happen to share this feature

there’s the obvious example of the indo-european languages, a family which english falls into. (late) proto-indo-european likely had a masculine-feminine-neuter gender system, and this is reflected in most modern indo-european languages, even if only in the pronouns (like English he/she/it, or Swedish which has han for “he” and hon for “she” despite the fact that the feminine and masculine genders merged into a common gender for regular nouns). this family includes the romance languages, germanic languages, and slavic languages, all of which contain at least one popular second language for english speakers, if not multiple. interestingly, two major indo-european languages from outside of europe, farsi and hindi/urdu, don’t have gendered pronouns. farsi has lost gender entirely (though it’s probably less common as a second language for english speakers), and hindi/urdu, which does distinguish between masculine and feminine in most nouns, does not make the distinction in the personal pronouns (technically hindi/urdu doesn’t have third person personal pronouns at all, and uses demonstrative pronouns in their place)

the semitic languages also have grammatical gender, generally in a masculine-feminine system, which also affects their pronouns. this includes both arabic and hebrew, which are fairly common as second languages for english speakers. in fact, for both of these languages, pronouns are not only distinguished by gender in the third person, but also in the second person. for example, in arabic you have anta (you, singular masculine) and anti (you, singular feminine)

finally, i wanna talk about a japanese and chinese (which are not related at all), both of which are common second languages. Japanese doesn’t have grammatical gender, but it does have gendered pronouns. 彼 (kare) translates as “he” and 彼女 (kanojo) translates as “she”. japanese also has some gender distinctions in second and first person pronouns as well. i don’t know why japanese does this, since it doesn’t have grammatical gender and i don’t know of it having had grammatical gender historically, but there are some words that are generally considered to be “more masculine” or “more feminine”, even if they don’t necessarily have grammatical gender. chinese is an extremely interesting example here, because there is no distinction between masculine and feminine in spoken mandarin, but there is in the written form. tā is the pronunciation of the third person singular pronoun regardless of gender, but it is written as 他 for “he” and 她 for “she”. this is actually specifically because of western influence and not because chinese already had any sort of gender distinction in pronouns. this may give the impression to english-speaking learners of mandarin that even if you don’t make a gender distinction in speech, there “needs” to be a gender distinction at least in writing (of course this idea breaks down when you remember that illiterate people exist and language predates writing, but i digress).

so yeah, a native English speaker could speak multiple second languages, but if those languages happen to be Spanish, Arabic, and Japanese (all common as second languages), they’d still only have experienced pronouns that are gendered. grammatical gender and gendered pronouns might not be the most common cross-linguistically, but the languages where they do appear happen to have huge numbers of speakers. it’s like how the sound [θ] (the “th” sound in “think” in general american english) is hard to make and rare cross- linguistically, and yet there are hundreds of millions of people who can pronounce it worldwide since it occurs in both english and arabic, two of the most widely spoken languages.

there’s this post going around that’s like ‘what if alien languages had pronouns that didn’t include gender information!’ and there’s about five different enthusiastic replies and like, i get the excitement but i’m begging you to learn about languages other than english

[hindieducation]

History of Colour and Science Behind It

The rainbow used to have only 5 tones – until 1704 when Sir Isaac Newton added orange and indigo to the rundown essentially on the grounds that he had an affection for the apparently magical properties of the number 7. Actually, there are no unadulterated tones in a rainbow – they all mix into one persistent range – however since the time Newton we've chosen 7 and utilized little rhymes to recollect them. Americans favor 'Roy G Biv' while British youngsters may learn 'Richard York gave fight to no end' – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Mindful youngsters may in this way be astounded by the melody, 'I can sing a rainbow', which starts, 'Red and yellow and pink and green, purple and orange and blue’ So no doubt the shades of the rainbow can contrast, and when we plunge into the social narratives of these tones, we see much more extensive contrasts. So, how we decipher colors, even how we see them, is more a result of sustain than nature. A couple of shading coded stories at that point.

RED

The principal shading utilized in workmanship was red – from ochre. What's more, the main known case of cavern workmanship was a red ochre plaque, which contains representative inscriptions of triangles, jewel shapes and lines, dated to 75,000 years back.

 Colours Name In Hindi

In a similar cavern – Blombos, in the Western Cape of South Africa – there are proposals of considerably more established craftsmanship, including a workshop containing painstakingly mixed paint produced using red ochre and marrow fat, alongside spatulas and shell blending dishes.

This paint, thought to be utilized to enhance bodies and maybe cavern dividers, has been dated at 100,000 years prior.

In pretty much every nation red appears to have been the principal tone (other than highly contrasting) to be named with its emblematic allure frequently drawn from blood, bringing out quality, virility and richness.

BLUE

The world's #1 shading is blue despite the fact that it is generally new to the gathering etymologically.

The antiquated Greeks, Chinese, Japanese and Hebrews didn't have a name for blue and considered it a variant of green. Indeed, even today a few dialects have green-blue obscuring, including Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Kurdish, Zulu and Himba.

However blue reliably starts things out for the two people in each nation where shading inclination has been over viewed.

In one worldwide survey, covering ten nations from four mainlands, it came out well on top in every one of them.

One explanation is that it appears to have a quieting impact. Understudies given IQ tests with blue covers had an edge of a couple of focuses over those given tests with red covers, maybe in light of the normal meanings of blue – oceans, lakes, streams, skies.

YELLOW

This generally opposite of shadings has for quite some time been related with weakness (yellowish bile was thought to make you irritable) and since the time the eighth Century it was the shade of against Semitism. The Caliph in Medina requested Jews and Christians to wear yellow identifications since it was the shade of non-devotees, and it spread, through Edward I (yellow patches for Jews) all to Nazi Germany's yellow stars.

Be that as it may, it is additionally the shade of disobedience as the yellow strip, which began with the ladies' testimonial development in Kansas in 1867 (they picked yellow in light of the fact that the sunflower was the state bloom).

The 1973 Tony Orlando and Dawn melody, Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree gave the rebellious variant of the yellow strip a sudden recovery help – it was later utilized in fights in the Philippines, Hong Kong and South Africa.

GREEN

The typical relationship of green identify with the characteristic world yet it has likewise gotten some more censure meanings, including envy, desire, naiveté, sickness and toxic substance (in any event in comic book bottles).

This last importance originated from the pea-green color called Scheele's green, utilized in colors and paints for rugs, textures, backdrop, dance hall outfits and confectionary. Issue was that this color, developed in 1775, contained high portions of arsenic.

It was especially deadly in backdrop, delivering minuscule particles of arsenic into the air. At the point when Napoleon kicked the bucket in St Helena in 1821 British were associated with harming him. Afterward, nonetheless, it was found that the green backdrop in his room contained arsenic. This may have rushed his passing, yet the genuine reason was inside malignant growth and a punctured ulcer.

In spite of information on its poisonousness it was uniquely in the mid twentieth Century that makers quit creating Scheele's green.

ORANGE

The main tone in the English language that takes its name from a natural product is orange. Everything returns to China around 4,500 years prior when oranges were first developed and voyaged west down the Silk Road. They went to Northwest India where the Sanskrit word for an orange tree – narrangah – filled in as the root for some dialects as oranges were planted and sold – Narang in Farsi, naranj in Arabic and naranja in Spanish.

The English word orange is a debasement of the Sanskrit. Individuals mixed up 'a naranga' for 'an aranga', thus it developed into 'an orange'.

Before the organic product showed up, the English word for the shading was geoluread (yellow-red) yet in the sixteenth Century orange dominated. In certain dialects, be that as it may, the two are isolated.

In Afrikaans, for instance, the shading is oranje however the organic product is lemoen and a few dialects, including Himba, Nafana and Piraha, have no word for the shading.

PURPLE

The primary tone to come in manufactured structure was purple. In 1856, William Henry Perkin, a 18-year-old science understudy, was advised to direct an examination utilizing coal tar to discover a solution for jungle fever. He flopped yet was fascinated with what happened when he dunked a bit of material into his combination of coal analine and chronic corrosive: it came out purple and held its tone. He licensed the color he called mauveine and turned into a rich man after it was mass-created.

Up to that point purple had been restrictively costly (the people of old expected to pulverize 12,000 murex ocean snails to jump on gram of Tyrian purple) however the consequence of Perkins disclosure was the 'Mauve Measles' as Punch magazine called the design furor.

It had a recovery in the last part of the 1960s as the shade of the nonconformity and is currently observed as a female choice to pink.

PINK

10 years prior trans formative therapists from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne planned an examination to test whether pink was an inherently ladylike tone and blue a manly tone. It ended up that blue was supported by both genders, yet that pink had more female help. T

beneficiary outcomes were proclaimed as 'demonstrating' that pink was naturally female, however this was tossed into question when pundits fought that this was an ongoing turn of events – prior in the century ladies' magazines consistently encouraged peruses to pick pink for young men's garments.

For instance, in 1918 the British Ladies Home Journal noticed: 'The by and large acknowledged principle is pink for the kid and blue for the young lady. The explanation is that pink being a more chosen more grounded shading is more reasonable for the kid… '

It was uniquely during the 1950s that pink turned into a chose ladylike tone – through American publicizing efforts.