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Assignment代写：Death of an American Dream

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Death of an American Dream，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了小说《推销员之死》。在小说《推销员之死》中，推销员威利·洛曼的故事展示了他的梦想和现实之间的冲突，体现在他的职业生涯的绝望和破碎的家庭。威利·洛曼真正的悲剧不是他的死亡，而是他的美国梦的破灭，这是社会、个人和家庭原因的结果。

The story of salesman Willy Loman has shown the conflict between his dream and the reality, embodied by the hopelessness of his career and his broken family. As a salesman in a company in New York, the main job of Willy is to drive between states in the New England area to promote the products of his company. When he was young, Willy was full of hope for the future. He firmly believed that he would be able to bring profit to the country with his talent as a salesman, before he would be able to set up his own company. However, after working for 36 years tirelessly, Willy was fired by his boss (Miller 75). Another dream of Willy also ended in failure. His family, the last thread that attached Willy to the world, was cut. His two sons, whom Willy had great expectations of, are not successful in life, either. None of the family members of Willy truly understood the spiritual world of him, nor did any of them attempted to know more about Willy. The burdens and setbacks made Willy a tired, lonely old man unable to fulfill his dreams. Under the pressure of life, the conflict between the father and sons becomes more frequent, and the family members even began deceiving and hating each other. All these have lost Willy’s hope to live further. From the play, it can be observed that the real tragedy of Willy Loman is not his death, but the shattering of his American dream, which is the resultant of social, individual and family reasons. In this paper, these contributors to Willy’s death will be analyzed, together with three of the most distinguished ideas from the play: the American dream, tiredness and loneliness.

Willy was born in the era when the country was ambitiously expanding and selling its people the belief of gold rush. However, as a representative of the common Americans, Willy has found himself increasingly suppressed by the society. Trapped in the difficulties of life, there was less and less space for him to survive. Despite being the land of the dreams, America tolerated only the most practical dreams that can lead people to material success. Sadly, Willy’s dreams were not considered practical by the mainstream. As time went by, the freedom of choice for Willy was also becoming limited. In the age when commercial value was the core of all values, it has become the aspiration of countless Americans to become rich quickly, one way or another. As a result, the spirit of diligence and entrepreneurship has been lost, replaced by the marketing skills and lack of patience (Bradford). When all activities in life were converted to simple purchases, men became enslaved by money. In the end, Willy didn’t manage to earn a fortune being a salesman, nor was he the favorite person in the crowd. The fact that only a few people attended his funeral proves once again the brutality of the society (Miller 110). For an ordinary man, being successful can be a path full of obstacles. This is the case not only for Willy himself, but also a social crisis for all of the Americans of the same era. In the society with established social orders, it is extremely difficult for a man with little resources, such as Willy, to break the barrier between social classes and be successful. The best result that Willy could hope for, was probably to live a happy, content live as a salesman. Sadly, even this dream was shattered by the son of his former boss, which became the triggering event of all Willy’s tragedy.

There was very little mentioning in the play about the specific products sold by Willy. It is believed that this is done on purpose by the play writer, Arthur Miller, so that the audience is able to comprehend the idea of Willy as an “ordinary American”, and even situate themselves to the protagonist (Bradford). Willy’s dreams do not belong to him alone, but also to all people who aspire to fulfill their goals of life and live the ideal life. However, the fatality of Willy’s dream was not the dream itself, but the dislocation of the persona value. When the reality has grown far from idealism, the pressure to live and the recognition of value are dependent on one’s living conditions. Therefore, dreams that are not based on the realities were considered impractical and useless. There are frequent mentions of the word “dream” in Death of a Salesman. In the highly competitive society, not all dreams are of value. Willy’s dream was more like a mistake that did not take into account the realities (Zhang 191). Such a mistake cost him decades and his life in the end. To be specific, the American dream of Willy is the belief in charisma and personal charms. When Biff told Willy about making fun of his teacher’s lisp, the first response of Wily was to ask about the reaction of his classmates (Miller 93). Obviously, Willy was more concerned about his son being popular among his peers, as he thought this was a demonstration of personal success and value. Although these are useful personalities for a salesman, they are not the determining qualities for success. In addition to holding the misguided beliefs and dreams, Willy taught his sons about his own values as well: being popular in the crowd matter the most for one to succeed. This further led to the failure and emptiness of his sons in their lives.

The second reason for Willy’s death is his own character, his sense of pride and stubbornness. While the society was suppressing his version of the American dream, Willy had many other opportunities to live a happy life. However, his persistence in the idealism drove him to a place where basic survival became a problem (Cardullo 587). The American dream became the only pursuit in Willy’s life, with nothing else to rely on in the spiritual level (Cardullo 591). However, there was no answer to the secret of success that Willy was looking so hard for. All he was able to do was to gain the courage to continue by constantly comforting and fooling himself. On the other hand, Willy was also a person with high self-esteem (Ribkoff 49). When he was abandoned by his young boss at his most vulnerable moments in life, there was no other way for him to escape from the brutality of the reality, except for death. Throughout the play, the most distinguished description of Willy is “tired” and “exhausted.” The majority of the appearances of these words are related to Willy. It started when Willy first got home from work, when Willy wasn’t noticing the sound of the flute. At the age of 60, Willy still needed to feed his family. However, his sons did not realize the difficulties of their father, nor did they show appreciation about it. When Biff planned to borrow some money, and start his own business, Willy felt relieved for the first time since his son was able to stand on his own feet for the first time. But the hope was gone quickly when Willy got fired and Biff did not manage to get the money. As long as Willy lived, there was huge amount of pressure that suffocated him, making the audience feel sorry for him. The young Willy with the passion to become the greatest salesman of the world was long gone. Instead, he became an old man in desperate need of a harbor to rest without worries. The burden of reality has put so much weight on Willy that only by death could he finally be free from the never-ending tiredness. Besides, Willy’s death was “useful”, as it brought Biff the necessary funding to start his own business.

The final reason for the tragedy of Willy was his family. For a long time, Willy believed his sons to be both smart looking and talented enough to succeed. However, his over-indulgence has taught Biff the wrong values (Wattley 7). Theft became his habit and he found little achievement in his studies. After frequently switching between jobs and working on a farm for years, Biff realized that he still had nothing at the age of 34. The second son Happy lived almost under the shadow of his bigger brother for the first half of his life. He worked in a small company like his father did. Instead of pursuing his dreams with diligence, he chose to use unethical actions to compete, such as accepting bribes and seducing the fiancée of his boss. The conversation between Willy and Happy made him realize the deception between them the entire time. The influence of the wife, Linda, on the fate of Willy should not be underestimated, either. Although Linda appeared to be a good wife, caring and obedient to Willy the entire time. She was also constantly encouraging Willy to earn more money. Her love for the children and Willy brought immense pressure on him. More importantly, Linda’s praises and exaggerated encouragements made Willy lose the objectivity in evaluating himself, prompting Willy to weave his unrealistic dreams. Instead of trying to wake him up to see the reality and bring Willy back to the ground, Linda added to the burden of her husband. As the attention to material desire became the entirety of Linda’s life, she completely ignored the care for Willy’s spiritual world. This is demonstrated when Linda expressed her confusion about Willy’s death. She could not understand why Willy chose to die when they just finished paying all their house loans after 35 years, being “free and clear” (Miller 110). Obviously, Linda did not have a clue about the inner struggles of her husband, despite being the seemingly caring and encouraging wife.

The meaning of life for Willy was not to repay the loans only, but also the expectations for his sons. When these feelings were understood by no one, loneliness became the second most distinguished feature of the protagonist. There are over a dozen descriptions about how lonely Willy was. As a salesman on the road, loneliness became part of Willy’s life. He even tried to justify having an affair by such loneliness, as there was no one Willy was really able to talk to. Willy’s father had left him at the age of 3 (Bradford). The love of a father was never acquainted for him. As a father of two sons, Willy found that his sons never truly understood him (Wattley 18). The source of loneliness came from the competition in the society as well. As a salesman from the older ages, Willy quickly became an old dog in the business, and was no longer able to sell anything to anyone. From Linda’s descriptions, the image of an old man is formed, who is unloading a car full of products, before loading it again after failing to sell them. Although he wasn’t able to sell to anymore, Willy still repeated the labor, as it was the only thing he considered meaningful for his life (Bloom 12). Since Willy was working most of the time on the road traveling without company, there was little time left to spend with his family. The loneliness was not only for Willy, but also for Biff and Happy. After knowing about his father’s affair, Biff left home, trying multiple jobs, but still ended up failing. Different from his older brother, Happy has many things of his own: an apartment, a car, and many women. However, these were far from enough to fill the loneliness in his heart. Without the sense of belonging and security established from an early age, the Lomans were like rootless souls drifting in the ocean of loneliness. The lack of cohesive force in the family was the main reason for their loneliness, and another major contributor to Willy’s death.

The Death of a Salesman is uniquely constructed within a timeframe of two days and one night. Although the scenes in the play are direct and realistic, such as the kitchen, bedroom and the New York restaurant, the scope of the play extends far beyond these scenes through flashbacks, memories and narration (Bloom 68). Willy Loman is a representative American in the post war pursuit for wealth. Built on the expansion of industry and commerce, the way of pursuing happiness and success became singular, and money became the only parameter of success. The conflict between the American dream and desire for a peaceful life accelerated Willy’s mental breakdown. Overall, social, individual and family reasons are the major contributors to the death of Willy. The hopes, dreams, sorrows and pain of Willy were demonstrated in the play, as a representation of the frustration of a generation of Americans. As a character who lost his values and dreams, but was not reconciled to his failures, death became the final resort for him to maintain his dignity.

Works Cited

Bloom, Harold. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. Chelsea House Publishers, New York, 2007.

Bradford, Wade. “Character Analysis: Willy Loman from "Death of a Salesman."” ThoughtCo. Retrieved on 24 July 2017 from: https://www.thoughtco.com/willy-loman-character-analysis-2713544

Bradford, Wade. “The American Dream in “Death of a Salesman.”" ThoughtCo. Retrieved on 24 July 2017 from: https://www.thoughtco.com/the-american-dream-in-death-of-a-salesman-2713536

Cardullo, B. “Death of a Salesman, Life of a Jew: Ethnicity, Business, and the Character of Willy Loman.” Southwest Review, vol. 92, no. 4, 2007, pp. 583–596.

Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Edited by Gerald Clifford Weales, New York, Penguin Books, 1996.

Ribkoff, Fred. "Shame, Guilt, Empathy, and the Search for Identity in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman." Modern Drama, vol. 43, no. 1, 2000, pp. 48-55.

Wattley, Ama. "Father-Son Conflict and the American Dream in Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and August Wilson's "Fences"." The Arthur Miller Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, 2010, pp. 1-20.

Zhang Lifang. "Misguided American Dream in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman." Scientific Horizon, no. 15, 2014, pp. 191-192.

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