#net metering cost in pakistan

[hauntedexpertcrusade]

The Future of Net Metering in Pakistan: A Path Toward Energy Independence

As Pakistan continues to face energy challenges, net metering has emerged as a powerful tool to empower consumers and promote renewable energy use. Net metering services in Pakistan allow consumers with solar energy systems to contribute excess electricity to the national grid and receive compensation. This article explores the future of net metering in Pakistan, how it works, its benefits, and the potential advancements that lie ahead.

1. What is Net Metering?

Net metering is a billing arrangement that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they add to the grid. Homeowners with solar panels can generate their power, and when they produce more than they consume, the excess energy is sent back to the grid. The net meter tracks this exchange, offsetting electricity costs by allowing consumers to draw energy credits.

How Net Metering Works:

Energy Production: Solar panels capture sunlight and convert it into electricity.

Grid Integration: Any unused power flows back into the national grid.

Billing: The net meter measures the difference between energy consumed and energy sent to the grid, creating a balance that can lower electricity bills.

2. Current State of Net Metering in Pakistan

In recent years, net metering services in Pakistan have gained traction due to increasing electricity prices and growing awareness of renewable energy benefits. The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) has established regulations for net metering, encouraging homeowners and businesses to adopt solar power.

Key Statistics:

Growth: The number of registered net metering users in Pakistan has increased significantly in the last five years.

Government Policies: Supportive policies have been introduced to streamline the application process for obtaining net metering services.

3. Benefits of Net Metering for Pakistan

The future of net metering in Pakistan holds significant promise, especially when considering the benefits that come with widespread adoption:

Energy Independence:

Net metering empowers individuals and businesses to rely less on traditional power sources. By generating their electricity, consumers can achieve greater energy security.

Cost Savings:

Selling surplus energy back to the grid can substantially reduce monthly electricity bills. This is particularly appealing in Pakistan, where power tariffs have been rising.

Reduced Carbon Footprint:

Adopting net metering encourages the use of renewable energy sources like solar power, which helps reduce the country’s carbon emissions. This shift aligns with global sustainability goals and Pakistan’s commitment to reducing greenhouse gases.

4. Challenges Facing Net Metering in Pakistan

Despite its advantages, the future of net metering in Pakistan has challenges. Understanding these hurdles is essential to developing strategies for improvement.

Limited Awareness:

While net metering services in Pakistan are becoming more popular, many potential users still need to gain awareness about their work and the benefits they can provide.

Regulatory Hurdles:

Obtaining approval for net metering can be complex and time-consuming. Simplifying these procedures is crucial to encouraging more people to use net metering services.

Grid Infrastructure:

Pakistan's ageing grid infrastructure can limit the efficient integration of excess power generated through net metering. Upgrading the national grid to handle distributed energy sources will be essential for future growth.

5. The Future of Net Metering in Pakistan

The future of net metering in Pakistan is promising, provided that strategic initiatives are implemented. Here are some key aspects to consider for the growth and development of net metering services in the country:

Technological Advancements:

Innovations in solar technology, battery storage, and smart grid systems are likely to play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency of net metering. Improved technology can help manage energy flow more effectively and store excess power during non-peak sunlight hours.

Policy Enhancements:

The government could introduce further incentives, such as tax credits and rebates, to promote the installation of solar energy systems and net metering services. Simplifying the approval and certification process for net meters would make it easier for more consumers to participate.

Public-Private Partnerships:

Collaboration between the public and private sectors can drive net metering infrastructure and technology investment. Such partnerships can address current limitations in the power grid and ensure a smoother integration of renewable energy sources.

6. Steps to Foster Growth in Net Metering

To ensure that the future of net metering in Pakistan reaches its potential, several strategic steps can be taken:

Awareness Campaigns: Educate the public on net metering's workings and benefits through workshops, media outreach, and educational programs.

Regulatory Support: Streamlining policies to make it easier for consumers to register for net metering services.

Infrastructure Upgrades: Investing in grid modernisation to handle increased participation in net metering.

Conclusion

The future of net metering in Pakistan is bright, with the potential to revolutionise how the country approaches energy consumption and sustainability. While there are challenges to overcome, the benefits, including cost savings, energy independence, and environmental impact, make net metering an essential part of Pakistan’s energy landscape. By continuing to improve infrastructure, policies, and public awareness, net metering services in Pakistan can pave the way for a cleaner, more energy-efficient future.

[chalaosolar]

Best Solar Panels in Pakistan: Solar Solutions

Switching to best solar panels in Pakistan is more than a trend; it’s a necessity. As the demand for reliable and sustainable energy sources grows, solar power emerges as a beacon of hope. So, why exactly are solar solutions gaining traction in Pakistan? Let’s delve into the world of solar panels and uncover the best options available in the market today.

Why Choose Solar Energy in Pakistan?

Environmental Benefits

Solar energy is a clean, renewable resource that significantly reduces carbon footprints. In a country like Pakistan, where pollution levels are high, adopting solar power can help mitigate environmental damage. It’s a green solution that aligns with global sustainability goals.

Economic Advantages

Electricity bills can be a hefty part of monthly expenses. Solar energy, however, can drastically cut down these costs. Once you’ve installed solar panels, the sun’s energy is essentially free. Plus, with net metering policies, excess energy can be sold back to the grid, generating income.

Energy Independence

Frequent power outages are a common issue in Pakistan. Solar energy offers a way to achieve energy independence, ensuring a constant power supply even during blackouts. This reliability makes solar energy an attractive option for both residential and commercial use.

Understanding Solar Panels

How Solar Panels Work

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. These cells absorb sunlight and create an electric field, generating direct current (DC) electricity. An inverter then converts this DC into alternating current (AC), which powers homes and businesses.

Types of Solar Panels

Choosing the right type of solar panel is crucial for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Here’s a quick rundown of the options:

Types of Solar Panels

Monocrystalline Solar Panels

Monocrystalline panels are known for their high efficiency and long lifespan. They are made from a single continuous crystal structure, making them highly effective in capturing sunlight.

Polycrystalline Solar Panels

Polycrystalline panels are slightly less efficient than monocrystalline ones but are more affordable. They are made from silicon crystals melted together, offering a balance between cost and efficiency.

Thin-Film Solar Panels

These panels are lightweight and flexible, ideal for non-traditional surfaces. Though less efficient than crystalline panels, they perform better in low-light conditions.

Top Solar Panel Brands in Pakistan

Tesla Solar

Tesla Solar panels are renowned for their high efficiency and durability. They come with a sleek design and robust performance, making them a top choice for many.

Trina Solar

Trina Solar offers panels that are both efficient and cost-effective. Their extensive research and development ensure high-quality products suitable for various needs.

JA Solar

JA Solar is known for its innovation and reliability. Their panels are designed to perform well even in challenging weather conditions, making them ideal for Pakistan's diverse climate.

Canadian Solar

Canadian Solar panels offer a great balance of quality and affordability. They are widely used in residential and commercial installations across Pakistan.

Comparing Solar Panels: Features and Efficiency

Efficiency Ratings

Efficiency is a key factor when selecting solar panels. Monocrystalline panels typically have the highest efficiency rates, followed by polycrystalline and thin-film panels.

Durability

Durability ensures that your investment lasts for years. Look for panels with robust construction and strong warranties.

Cost-Effectiveness

While initial costs can be high, consider the long-term savings on electricity bills and potential earnings from net metering. Polycrystalline panels often provide the best balance of cost and performance.

Installation of Solar Panels

Choosing a Solar Installation Company

Select a reputable company with experience in solar installations. Check reviews, ask for references, and ensure they offer comprehensive services, from consultation to maintenance.

Installation Process

The installation process involves site assessment, system design, obtaining permits, and the actual installation. A professional company will handle all these steps, ensuring a hassle-free experience.

Maintenance Tips

Regular maintenance is key to maximizing your solar system's lifespan. Clean the panels periodically, check for shading issues, and ensure all components are functioning correctly.

Government Incentives and Policies

Net Metering

Net metering allows solar panel owners to sell excess electricity back to the grid. This not only reduces electricity bills but also supports the national grid.

Subsidies and Grants

The government offers various subsidies and grants to encourage solar adoption. These financial incentives can significantly lower the initial investment cost.

Solar Energy Storage Solutions

Importance of Energy Storage

Energy storage systems, like batteries, are crucial for managing energy supply, especially during non-sunny periods. They ensure that the energy generated during the day is available at night or during outages.

Types of Solar Batteries

Common types of solar batteries include lithium-ion, lead-acid, and saltwater batteries. Each type has its own advantages and is suitable for different needs.

Best Solar Batteries in Pakistan

Brands like Tesla (Powerwall), LG Chem, and BYD offer high-quality solar batteries in Pakistan. These batteries are known for their efficiency, capacity, and reliability.

[solarsolutionslahore]

Solar solutions

 Solar panels in Pakistan have emerged as a promising solution to address the country's energy crisis while also contributing to environmental sustainability. Pakistan, with its abundant sunlight throughout the year, possesses immense potential for solar energy generation. The adoption of solar panels has gained momentum in recent years, driven by both government initiatives and private investments.

One of the primary advantages of solar panels in Pakistan is their ability to provide electricity to remote and off-grid areas where traditional power infrastructure is lacking or unreliable. This has been instrumental in improving access to electricity for rural communities, thereby fostering economic development and improving living standards.

The government of Pakistan has introduced various policies and incentives to promote the deployment of solar energy systems across the country. These include net metering schemes, tax exemptions, and subsidies for solar panel installation. Such measures have encouraged businesses, industries, and homeowners to invest in solar power, reducing their reliance on fossil fuels and grid electricity.

Furthermore, solar energy offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional forms of energy generation, such as coal and natural gas. By harnessing the power of the sun, Pakistan can significantly reduce its carbon footprint and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.

In addition to its environmental benefits, solar energy also contributes to energy security by diversifying the country's energy mix. With a growing population and increasing energy demand, solar power can play a crucial role in meeting Pakistan's energy needs while reducing its dependence on imported fuels.

Despite the progress made in the adoption of solar panels, challenges remain, including high upfront costs, intermittent availability of sunlight, and limited financing options. Addressing these challenges will require continued investment in research and development, as well as the implementation of supportive policies to make solar energy more accessible and affordable for all segments of society.

In conclusion, solar panels have the potential to transform Pakistan's energy landscape, offering a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective source of electricity. With the right policies and investments, Pakistan can harness its solar energy potential to drive economic growth, improve energy access, and combat climate change.

[letspremierenergy]

Top Ten Solar Inverters

A solar inverter is a significant part of a solar panel framework. It converts DC obtained from the PV cells to 240 AC so it can be used by the home appliances, converted to DC to be stored in the batteries, and supplied to the grid. A good solar inverter makes your whole solar system more reliable and efficient. The efficiency of the solar inverter decides how much can be used from the panels’ yield. There are many solar companies making inverters that are highly efficient, durable and beneficial in many ways. The race between the manufacturers ensure that customers receive the best quality (good for us).

List of Best Solar Inverters in Pakistan

From tons of options available, it is very hard to find the perfect match. To help you make this decision in an informed way, we have gathered a list of the top ten solar inverters based on their technology, reliability, efficiency, customer reviews and the features they offer. After going through this list of best solar inverters in Pakistan, you will be able to find the right choice for you.

Fronius

Fronius Solar Energy has become the excellence leader in the global solar market, and a model of sustainability because of its high-quality products and extraordinary services. As a solar pioneer and producer of inverters they now offer a wide variety of products relating to generating, storing, administering, and consuming energy from renewable sources.

Features of Fronius solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

98.1 %

Protection

IP65 & IP66

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Compact, smart design for indoor and outdoor operations

·        Integrated AFCI for improved safety

·        Wide range of DC (230-500VDC)

GoodWe

With devotion and innovation, GoodWe has reached the list of top ten inverter manufacturers in the world. GoodWe sells 30000 inverters monthly on average. People trust GoodWe inverters which have earned reputation after being used in all kinds of climatic conditions.

Features of GoodWe solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

98.2 %

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

12 (subject to model variations)

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Suited for both outdoor and indoor fittings

·        Produce up to 30% DC input oversizing

·        Gives up to 10 % AC output overloading

ABB

ABB is an eminent company manufacturing high quality solar inverters. Executing the rudimentary function of converting DC to AC with high yield, ABB has secured a reflective relationship with many customers belonging to the whole world.

Features of ABB Solar Inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

97.1 %

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Integrated warning system

·        Supreme input voltage

·        Adaptable with the various local utility system

Huawei

Huawei is a leading IT and information services provider known for its quality goods at a reasonable price. Huawei stepped into the solar market with the cutting-edge technology of efficient, dependable, inverters. The company has packed its expertise in information and PV technology into their inverters, proving their worth in the market.

Features of Huawei solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

98.9 – 99 %

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

6

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        AFCI powered by Artificial Intelligence

·        Up to 30% greater yield

·        Ability to identify residual current

·        DC and AC wave arrester Type-2 installed

SMA

SMA is a renowned solar inverter company which is classical in the dominion of solar companies and for quite a while the SMA inverters, marked Sunny Boy and Sunny Tripower, were head and shoulders over their competition.

Features of SMA solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

98.4 %

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

6

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Simple and attractive design

·        Can be fitted on the floor and mounted on the wall

·        Does not require any DC fuse

Solis

Ginlong’s answers for domestic, business and industrial-scale clients carry an incentive at each stage of the solar supply series. Presented under the Solis brand, the organization’s solar inverter products utilize string innovation to convey top-notch, firm quality, approved under the most severe global tests.

Features of Solis solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

97%

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Compact and light design

·        Ultra-low startup

·        A single transformer can connect 6M+ in parallel

Trannergy

Trannergy is known for its quality, authenticity, and high efficiency. Their stringent quality criteria allow their inverters to be highly dependable. Trannergy has made its name among inverters manufacturers as a top-notch provider of hybrid, off-grid, and on-grid solar inverters.

Features of Trannergy solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

98.2%

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Designed in a way to warrant long lifecycle

·        A DC switch arrives with the product

·        Auto on/off characteristics

Jfy Suntwin

JingFuYuan Tech. Co., Ltd. is a universally recognized manufacturer of many solar products PV Cells, Solar panels, Solar Inverters, Solar pumps, etc. JFY supplies their products to customers based in more than 50 countries. Suntwin is known for its powerful technology, and efficiency to meet your requirements.

Features of JFY Suntwin solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

97%

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Has overload handling ability

·        Excellent thermal execution

·        Multi-language display

·        High-speed MPPT for improved energy harvesting

Infini

Infini inverters are famous for their excellent performance and have been proved to be successful in all climates, and excessive load-shedding. This is because of its capability to keep the voltages steady and handle all the grid-tie processes without disturbing the flow of electricity.

Features of Infini solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

98%

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        100% sine wave output

·        Automatically regulates the consumption

·        Parallel operation and multiple communications.

Axpert

Axpert is a decent company of solar inverters with heavy-duty, top-quality inverters obtainable at a reasonable price. Axpert is a top-class corporation among tier two solar inverter makers.

Features of AXPERT solar inverter in Pakistan

Features

Value

Efficiency

95%

Protection

IP65

Online Monitoring

Yes

Warranty

5 years

No. of MPPTs

2

Built In DC Connector

Yes

LED Display

Yes

Extra Features

·        Absolute sine wave inverter

·        Output power factor recorded 1

·        Input voltage has a selectable option

·        Broad Dc input

The Final Word on Solar Inverters in Pakistan

You can choose the one that seems the best to you or you can contact a solar consultant that will guide you even further. These inverters are available at various prices in Pakistan and the consultation can come in handy to get the best value in the least price. You can also check out the solar system price in Pakistan to have an idea about the investment you will need to benefit from the Sun’s energy for the next 25-30 years.

[supersulemananwar]

Solar System in Pakistan

Net Solar is one of the best Solar System in Pakistan. This solar company provides the best Solar System in Pakistan.

We are providing the bests solar system all across Pakistan at very affordable prices.Energy plays an important role in the development of modern markets. All human actions like education, health care, farming, and employment require energy for proper functioning. It is considered the main component of a country’s market. Net Solar Provides the best Solar Energy System in Pakistan in terms of price, operation, and maintenance cost.

Net Solar Company provides good services at Solar System in Pakistan for every department, province, and city of Pakistan. We are providing an industrial level by installing an On-Grid system there, Industrial organizations like Govt firms, agencies, municipalities, utilities, and no-profit organizations. There are very few companies in Pakistan that are providing consultancy in the solar commercial and industrial solution but each one has its cons and pros and not completely satisfying a customer to tell him proper results and price calculation but you do not need to be worried because We are here to serve you complete guidance and satisfactory results and price calculation in Solar System design in Pakistan. We are assuring you complete satisfaction in consultancy in your project management and hopefully to provide a wide range of consultancy services in Renewable Energy generation projects.

Net Solar is not only a name but a brand with good technology and customer service. The technology introduced by SkyElectric supports Net Metering, solar off and on-grid solution, solar hybrid and residential solution, solar commercial and industrial solution, solar micro and mini-grid solution and solar remote monitoring and RO plants

In order to contact us visit our websites:

https://www.netsolar.pk/

contact number#0306 1166046

[hamramughal24]

Solar Hybrid and Residential Solutions in Pakistan

Solar Hybrid and Residential Solutions in Pakistan are the two most important solar energy solutions these days.

A hybrid solar system generates energy in the same way as a conventional off-grid solar system. But use a special inverter and hybrid battery to store energy for later use. The same energy storage capability enables most hybrid systems to function as a backup power supply during power outages.

Traditionally, the word hybrid refers to two generations of origin, such as wind and solar. In the solar world, the word 'hybrid' refers to a combination of solar and energy storage capacity, which is also connected to the grid.

The hybrid solution combines the best of both worlds and lets you generate your own electricity and also benefit from Net Metering, along with continuous backup and battery support. Since it is connected to the public grid, it is totally cheaper than an off-grid solution. Hybrid power systems allow the integration of more than one power source to increase system efficiency and availability. The system will reduce the interruption of renewable energy, enabling a very stable power supply. Wind and solar power are becoming more cost-effective and competitive sources and cheaper than conventional sources in some parts of the world. But both of these sources face an unpredictable problem, with grid integration able to provide a more reliable source of energy that improves the supply-demand balance.

The hybrid system has many advantages such as:

•        Helping you store excess solar energy or low-cost electricity.

•        Allowed use of stored solar energy during peak evenings.

•        Most hybrid inverters have back-up capabilities.

•        Reduce power consumption from the grid.

•        Enable advanced power management

Net Solar to make solar power easy and affordable for your home. Facing the sun to power your home is one of the best investments you can make. Powering your home with reliable and economical green solar energy means you can lower your energy bills, protect yourself from rising electricity bills, and reduce your impact on the environment.

For many people, deciding whom to choose for a solar power system is a difficult decision. That is why Net Solar; We do its best to make decisions easy. Through extensive research and development, Net Solar only offers the highest quality and highest performance products, ensuring you have a solution tailored for you, built to last, and backed by technical support.

Net Solar is also one of the best companies that provide Hybrid solar and residential solutions in Pakistan at the best prices and quality.

 For more details visit our website: https://www.netsolar.pk/

Or call us at: (+92)306–1166046

[mega-komal-zahid]

SOLAR PANEL COMPANIES IN LAHORE

Zero Carbon Solar is a main sun based force arrangements supplier in Pakistan bargains in top-level items to convey superior sun oriented modified arrangements. Our items and arrangements are made to meet all sort of sun powered requirements for homegrown, business and mechanical buyers. We offer broad meeting, allowing and establishment benefits that produce wonderful outcomes and change the manner in which you burn-through energy. Our group of assessors and installers are proficient and experienced, in contrast to most Renewable Companies. We offer customized sun powered arrangements relying upon client area, power needs and costs. Zero Carbon Solar intends to set up a cleaner, contamination free planet by reforming the energy standpoint of the world, each working in turn.

Zero Carbon Energy has helped various organizations and businesses over the Middle East, UAE, and South Asia diminish their energy costs since our origin. Throughout the long term, we have fabricated a phenomenal market notoriety by endlessly conveying dependable, productive, and financially savvy sustainable power arrangements that convey high an incentive to our clients. Above all, we are profoundly committed to keeping up the best guidelines. Zero Carbon Energy is an organization that clients can trust. 

Most reasonable Solar Solution in Lahore

Among the Solar Companies in Lahore, Premier Energy gives the most pocket-accommodating Solar Systems in Lahore. For this reason, we have met with worldwide sun oriented makers and constrained them to give their great items at the most sensible cost to cause it feasible for additional individuals to bear the cost of sun powered arrangements and dispose of robust bills.  More details on SOLAR PANEL COMPANIES IN LAHORE 

Which Capacity Makes the Best Solar System For Home in Pakistan?

The sun powered energy frameworks are accessible in a few limits independent of the framework type you are introducing. The necessary limit of the framework relies on the power utilization of the buyer. On the off chance that the power use is higher, the framework limit will be more noteworthy also. The table underneath will assist you with finding the correct limit with regards to your power use.

Chief Energy being the best sun oriented energy organization in Pakistan has got you taken care of with its other expense compelling Solar System in Pakistan. We are offering moderate Solar System Prices in Pakistan, underneath are the subtleties of various classification with respect to Solar System Prices in Pakistan. Locate the most recent insights about Solar Packages in Pakistan.

Net Metering is a framework that assesses all the abundance power that you give to the network station and furnishes you with the credits that can be utilized against the power devoured. We offer our help with taking care of the multitude of cycles from the satisfaction of use till your meter is introduced which is one reason that make us the best sun powered organization in Lahore.

[topicprinter]

PART 1. Decision to invest and putting together the money​I was 26 when I decided to invest in my home country, a small tropical island in a third world country. I was born there but was sent to be raised in France when I was a child with my brother. It had been almost twelve years since I last visited and I was not prepared. Holes on the almost unique road of the entire country, old and decrepit cars, houses that were started but never finished everywhere, buildings that were so badly built you'd think a joke, one hour of electricity per day at random hours in the village I stayed in, garbage and waste just laying around everywhere you looked and frequent outages in town. I did not understand how people could live like that but there they were, living a poor and harsh life but living the life nonetheless. "So many opportunities!" we thought with my brother. "We should invest!"​So when I got back to France, I went to my girlfriend and told her how humbling and incredible my trip was and that wanted to invest in my home country in the next three years. She was not thrilled and after one month of my return, we were not together anymore. Three months later, I quitted my middle manager job at Domino's Pizza and started to look for a new job. Despite being quite experienced and having worked all my short adult life, when you have no college degree in France, it is very difficult to find a non-minimum wage job. So I kept looking and as I did not want to go back working in restaurants or fast-foods, I started working as a meals delivery biker for Deliveroo.​At that time, my brother told me he wanted to move forward our plan to invest in our home country and he wanted us to put together the money in a year time. I agreed. I'd put together 12 000€ to start a small food wholesale checkpoint* in a busy area while he'd buy a small construction site truck to deliver construction materials in villages.​*as there are almost no roads in the country, wholesalers rarely make deliveries except for there big clients. Most people in the country do not have vehicles too so they buy their merchandise on foot in small portions and take it to their small shops by themselves. That is why there are the big food wholesalers and some small food wholesalers who buy from the big ones and try to occupy an area where they can sell to as many on foot retailers as they can.​I started working for Deliveroo in october and in january of the next year, I found a 9 to 5 desk job paid at minimum wage. I'd work my desk job monday and tuesday from 9am to 5pm, from wednesday to friday 9am to 5pm my desk job and from 7pm to 10pm at deliveroo and saturday and sunday I'd work 12pm to 2pm and 7pm to 10pm at deliveroo. Sometimes I worked more, sometimes I worked less. But I'd put together 12 000€ on the time we decided with my brother.​PART 2. Starting and running the business​Eight days after my arrival in my home country, I had opened my small food wholesale checkpoint. We had made no business plan and we knew nothing of the wholesalers of the country. We found our location at a fairly cheap price in a very busy area, a permanent market near banks and a cemetery but in the thrift street side. As per usual in that country, we needed not bother with administration because we had a little more than two months before getting everything in order after opening the shop. So we had our uncle who lives in the country and has his own wholesale checkpoint gives us a hand in making contact with the big wholesalers, bought 10 to 20 items of a 67 articles catalogue, arranged them as we could in the store and started selling.​So this is a very small country and a very poor one. Almost nothing is produced in that country as there are no infrastructures. Rich Indians, Arabs, Chinese and other ethnicities that are not from that country brought their money and started shipping all the manufactured products from Dubai, Pakistan and China. When the wholesalers do not have the capacity to supply the demand of all the country, when the ships that bring in the goods are late or when the government gets involved in customs rights, goods disappear from the wholesaler catalogue from time to time.​As a small wholesaler, you have to make stock for the goods which disappears the most often. And that is something I did not know because it never came to my mind.​My offer was small, other checkpoint wholesalers had a 200 articles catalogue. Even though my store was in a very busy area, it was hidden from our prospect clients. We had to buy articles everyday to refurnish our store. We had to park our vehicle one hundred meters from the store because the street was not accessible by car and finish the stockage of our goods with a wheelbarrow.​Despite all those problems, we managed to make between 30€ to 50€ net profit per day knowing that we made aprroximatively 0.7€ for each item we sold and each item cost approximatively 13.5€ each. In our big days, we made between 50 to 100€ profit per day. In a third world country, it is pretty solid business. I was thrilled. My homecountry has almost no tax. Everything we earned was for us. If I kept at it, I would of grown in two to three years making between 150€ to 250€ a day as the successful small wholesalers did.​Except... Except I kept loosing money and I did not understand! How could I lose so much money? I made a rudimentary but solid way to track our profit and we kept a close eye on our working capital with my brother.​So I confronted my brother. He told me he had problems with his truck. It was not solid enough and he needed money to repair it. He would put the money back when his truck was good to go and brought some business. I told him that it was not how business worked. If he wanted to use profit money to repair his truck, he could but he could not take our working capital to repair his truck. He said that he understood. It would not happen again.​Three months later, we were 3 000€ down on our working capital. I confronted my brother again. He said he may have taken some money to repair his fucking truck. I was furious! But you can't get mad at family in our culture so I explained calmly that it was not how business worked and that he was putting both our business at risk by doing what he did. I could not work without him because the car we used to refurnish our store was his and I did not know how to drive at the moment. So he decided on his own that he did not want to work at the store anymore, he would give me his car and teach me how to drive so I could refurnish the store myself. I agreed but at that time, a depression hit the country. Apparently, it happens every year and lasts for three to four months. From the 30€ profit per day we needed to keep the business afloat, we plunged to less than 10€ a day and would not best 25€ a day on "good" days. Our business kept shrinking, our clients kept thining, we had not enough money to make stock to begin with but with all those hard blows it became more and more complicated. It became a vicious circle and I was miserable.​I convened my family almost one year after I started my business and told them I was going back to France. They could do whatever they wanted with the business but I advised them to sell the remaining goods to a small wholesaler and to keep the working capital money to use for their everyday needs. Or to relocate to a smaller location with a smaller rent and sell retail. They refused the first option and the second option was not doable: our rent was the smallest we could find in town but it was not an area were we could sell retail.​PART 3. Coming back to France and what I learned​I did not want to come back to France. I had no more money, I was indebted to a bank I owed 1 600€ to that I intented to pay while in my home country but could not with all the problems I had with my brother, had no place of my own anymore and did not know when I would find a job.​My uncle allowed me to stay at his home as long as I wanted. I had unemployment benefits I did not use from my last job in France and we have a very nice social service which helps us find a job or find an alternating training. Life was not so bad but I missed my home country and the family I found there very much.It's been seven months since I came back to France now. I'm still unemployed, still living in my uncle's home, still indebted. I have to send 500€ to my cousins who study in Senegal every month otherwise, they'd be in big trouble. I decided to help them even though I'm in a bit of trouble too because it is easier for me to get back on my feet than it is for them who have no opportunities. If you come from a developped country, you may not understand my thinking but if you come from a third world country, I'm sure you understand why I do this.I could of found a job where I was paid minimum wage but I decided to focus on finding an alternating training which open class in september. But almost all alternating training that are hiring only leads to minimum wage jobs except in construction but because of my allergies, I can't work in construction. I'm a little dispiritted right now because I had an interview to work at an insurance company yesterday, which would of been very nice for me, but they do not have open positions until september and I'm tired of being unemployed. I'm torn between finding a seasonal work to put money aside (you are given a place to stay and you are fed when you do seasonal work in France) or going to an english speaking country and work in restaurants or something (you are also fed and given a place to stay in most cases with the programs they give us here).My plan is to cash approximatively 50 000€ and go back to my home country to start a new business. I know what to expect and how to make money in that country now.​I learned so much. I learned how to properly plan a business. I learned to trust no one, even your own very honest brother when making business. I learned that I was able to run a business without screwing up too much even if I failed at the end. I learned that I did not fear failure. I learned that my intuitions were correct and that I had the right mindset to run a business. I learned that I like to bring meaning to my life and unto the life of others with my work (I could help my family with the business which was a big part of why I started it).​I learned that I could be at my lowest but still smile and enjoy life.

[outfittrends]

Dupatta Reuse Ideas-20+ DIY Ways To Upcycle Your Old Dupattas Outfit Trends - Ideas How to Wear & What to Wear

New Post has been published on https://www.outfittrends.com/dupatta-reuse-ideas/

Dupatta Reuse Ideas-20+ DIY Ways To Upcycle Your Old Dupattas

Over 20 Ways To Reuse a Dupatta: Dupatta is an essential part of the Eastern fashion and is typically worn with Kurtas and Shalwar Kameez. It is a wardrobe staple in countries like India and Pakistan who are all about modest fashion.

These come in a number of designs and fabrics which make them all super unique and attractive. Most commonly they are found in chiffon and silk fabrics with digital prints on them. However, they are also done in the lawn fabric with elements like laces and tassels. With dupattas being an important part of our everyday fashion, we are often left with large collections of them. Instead of letting them lie around in your closet, reuse them in fun ways to create new looks. Wear the same dupatta by contrasting it on a different coloured outfit or stitch it into a fun shirt. Additionally, they can also be styled to meet all the latest fashion trends. Not only are they cost effective but also save you with ample amounts of space within your wardrobes.

How To Reuse Your Old Dupatta?

Here are some tips and tricks to style it:

Pick and choose the right fabric for the right kind of design.

Create fun and youthful looks that match the current trends.

Use accessories like belts to style them.

You can also create accessories out of them like the knot hairband or even a belt.

Experiment with looks creating an Indo-western style.

You can also upcycle a fancy, embroidered dupatta to create different looks.

↓ 22. Quirky Summer Top

This cool and funky black and white top with tie-up sleeves are worth adding to your summer closet. Not only can they make for great casual wear but can also be worn as a fine travel outfit. If you have a lawn dupatta lying around somewhere that is not of your use, consider cutting it out to create a cool top like this one. The leftover cutting can be stitched onto the top for a fun element like the bow-tied sleeves. The top can then be styled with skirts or jeans for a comfortable yet chic style.

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↓ 21. Dupatta Cape

Got a wedding event coming up and cannot decide on what to wear? We have you covered. Pull out an embroidered heavy dupatta and convert into a beautiful cape dress like this one. You will never be able to tell it has been made from an existing dupatta. The capes have been in fashion since 2017 now and are frequently incorporated with Eastern outfits as well. This idea can also be used to upcycle bridal outfits that are often pushed to the back of the closets. This style can definitely save you the time and money that would otherwise be spent finding the right kind of embroidery and fabric for an outfit like this.

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↓ 20. Saree Blouse

We absolutely adore this colour combination of blue and yellow with hints of rust. If you are bored of wearing the same old blouse with your saree, give it a different look by pairing it with a new blouse. You can use your lawn or silk dupatta with different prints and colours to contrast with a beautiful saree like this one. The blouse can then be reused with a different saree and you will always have a different outfit each time. Another great idea to pull out your mom’s saree and wear it with a fun blouse like this one instead of wearing them with old-fashioned blouses that do not seem to work with the current trends and styles. If you’re into wearing sarees then I highly recommend that you go through these 30 New Saree Blouse Designs 2019 That You Must Try.

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↓ 19. Recycle Old Dupatta Into Shrug

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↓ 18. Saree Drape

While this may resemble the Saree Pants, it is actually more of a drape that has been made with a Dupatta. The look can easily be sported at formal occasions for a unique and different style. Tucked in at the right side, it goes around the back and worn as a Saree on the front. She has used a tie-dye dupatta in yellow and white to complement her white pants and yellow blouse.

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↓ 17. How to Wear Your Mom’s Dupatta

Sridevi’s sudden demise came as a shock for many. We were all disheartened by the news and the focus suddenly shifted to whether Janhvi Kapoor would be able to live up to the same standards or not. While that is debatable, what is not is how gorgeous Janhvi looks in her mom’s dupatta that she was spotted wearing. What is fun to note is how she chose to pair it with a similar white Kurta instead of a different coloured one. If you have similar sentiments attached to your mom’s dupatta and cannot seem to part with it, here is how to use it.

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↓ 16. One Dupatta in Two Ways

Take a look at another one of Veronica’s creations that she made out of a blue net dupatta. This piece of creativity does not require any stitching which happens to be the best part about it. We love how the border of the wrap gives the perfect back detailing, something that most tops these days lack.

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She wore the same wrap to create a dress out of it, again without any stitching. That helps you use the same wrap in a number of ways without destroying the purpose of it.

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↓ 15. Swimwear Cover Up

If you want a bikini cover-up that is affordable yet pretty-looking, this could be your go-to. Any existing stole or wrap could do the purpose by tying one end around the neck, giving the effect of a turtleneck. The other can be tied around the back, to keep it in place and voila, the look is complete.

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↓ 14. DIY Dupatta Dress

How beautiful is this blue chiffon dress that has been worn over a shirt with gorgeous neck embroidery? At first glance, we thought of it to be a silver necklace and loved how it looks with the dress. The crepe fabric is something that is occasionally done as traditional wraps and dupattas. If you have one that is not of your use anymore, you could totally put it to use in this creative and fun way. The dress makes for a great party outfit. It can be worn with a blazer or a shrug to experiment with it. If you do not wish to wear it over a similar looking shirt, you could always pair actual silver jewelry to accessorize the look. Additionally, you may try the look by putting it together with the help of some pins and a belt instead of getting it stitched.

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Watch this video to learn how to master this technique:

↓ 13. How To Make Palazzo Pants From Old Dupatta

Here’s a step by step video tutorial to help you:

↓ 12. Old Dupatta Reuse

Isha Ambani, daughter of India’s richest man, Mukesh Ambani recently wore her mother’s Chunari at her own Wedding. We love the concept of holding on to memories and it has been done worldwide. In the Western world, a lot of brides have chosen to wear their ancestral wedding gowns on their own. Kareena Kapoor Khan wore her mother-in-law, Sharmila Tagore’s, wedding outfit on her own wedding. However, if you do not wish to wear the same outfit yet want to have an element of it, here is how to do it. We love how Isha added the color red to her otherwise white ensemble with her mother’s wedding dupatta.

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↓ 11. Kimono

Here are two ideas on how to style a wrap or a stole as either a kimono or a cool wide neck top. The first way is to stitch buttons down the length to give it a look which is a cross between a cape and a kimono. The other is to stitch buttons down the sleeves for a cool look. We love the slit at the arms that gives it a look of a poncho. Both the looks are perfect for the Summer weather and could even be worn to your next Summer travel destination. And to help you rock this style, here are 20 Ways To Dress Up With Kimono Outfits.

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↓ 10. Dupatta Turned Into Shirt

Veronica Andrad is a fashion student who has a keen interest in turning old fabrics into some dainty pieces. We love how she picked out an old tie-dye dupatta and stitched it into a chic top that she chose to wear with black pants. The beige and orange combination is a stunning one and the overall look is super affordable yet attractive. A shirt like this would also go well with shawars so have a look at these 18 Best Ways to Wear Patiala Shalwar.

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↓ 9. Embellished Skirt

When we first saw this Shivan and Narresh skirt, our first thought was how appropriate the design was to upcycle an existing embellished dupatta. If you have a heavily embroidered dupatta in your trousseau that you would want to re-style, here is how you could do it. You could also wear it to your honeymoon for a boho look. It can be paired with a crop top or a full sleeves gold blouse.

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↓ 8. Cropped Skirt

Banarasi fabrics are known to be a huge part of South Asian fashion. They come as Sarees, as well, dupattas for people going the traditional way. A great way to reuse such fabrics is by turning them into stylish skirts, short or long. Since dupattas often come in a length of a little over 2 meters, they can be used to create cropped skirts to wear with trendy tops.

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↓ 7. Phulkari Pants

Phulkari is a type of thread embroidery famous in both India and Pakistan. The last couple of years brought back the old trend of Phulkari and we saw a couple of beautifully embroidered dupattas that were sported by celebrities and fashionistas alike. Well, here is a modern take on those dupattas. If you have an old Phulkari dupatta or just wish to turn it into a different piece, here is how to do it. Phulkari trousers/shalwars are the new ‘it’ trend. Pair an Indian Chikankari kurta with these pants for a quick makeover. The outfit can then make for a great casual or even a formal look depending on how it is styled.

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↓ 6. Indo-Western Fusion

Did you know you could totally pass by wearing a dupatta over shorts with a belt around? We did not either. We absolutely love this Indo-Western fusion and how effortless this blue and white wrap looks with her overall look.

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↓ 5. Gorgeous Pink Wrap-Dress

Here is one of our favorite outfits that could be pulled off with an old dupatta. We love the cross that it is between a dress and a jumpsuit and how glamorous it looks. Wrap around a silk dupatta over a pair of tights and hold it in place with a statement belt like the one in the picture. Style it effortlessly with a pair of tribal earrings and matching stilettos. Similar outfits have been worn by celebrities and fashionistas alike and we are super impressed by the look of it.

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↓ 4. Summer Look

Take a look at this super cute and boho style top and skirt. They make for the ultimate Summer beach outfit to pair with some sandals. You can create your own such look by recycling a pair of old dupattas to create a pair of matching top and skirt.

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↓ 3. Crop Top

This boho style chic crop top is the kind of Summer look we have all been dreaming of. It can be made of silk, cotton or even chiffon fabrics. They can be worn with skirts, high-waisted jeans and even shorts to create the perfect youthful looks. If you know the basics of tailoring, it should not be a problem creating this super cute top from an old dupatta. However, if you do not know how to do it, you could always ask a tailor to stitch it for you. We are already thinking of a million ways to style this adorable top especially with summer sandals and chunky accessories. For a modest or desi look, you can easily wear the crop top with a skirt or lehnga and even high waisted pants. Be sure to pair the crop top with one of these 25 Cute Ways to Wear Crop Tops This Season.

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↓ 2. Romper Style

We love this short romper that is perfect for the warm summer weather. We love the use of vibrant colours and the wide sleeves and how perfectly it has been paired with a couple of cool accessories. Since it has a short length, it can easily be made out of a printed wrap in lawn or cotton fabric with just a few skills at hand. It can also be your next vacation outfit or something to wear to the beach. However, if you are looking for a longer length and something that would resemble a jumpsuit, you could mix and match two separate wraps to get the look.

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↓ 1. Saree Pants

We were blown away the minute we saw Mahira Khan walk the New York streets in this exquisite outfit by Sana Safinaz. The outfit, called, Saree Pants, has become a famous choice for many celebrities. Instead of wearing a Saree, the outfit calls for a similar drape that is worn over pants. The colours, prints and the ethereal fabric are all that are making this look so tasteful. If you want to replicate the look, the best way is to do it with a colourful and vibrant silk dupatta and get your own Mahira moment just like that.

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[solarsolutionslahore]

Solar panels in Pakistan

 Solar panels in Pakistan have emerged as a promising solution to address the country's energy crisis while also contributing to environmental sustainability. Pakistan, with its abundant sunlight throughout the year, possesses immense potential for solar energy generation. The adoption of solar panels has gained momentum in recent years, driven by both government initiatives and private investments.

One of the primary advantages of solar panels in Pakistan is their ability to provide electricity to remote and off-grid areas where traditional power infrastructure is lacking or unreliable. This has been instrumental in improving access to electricity for rural communities, thereby fostering economic development and improving living standards.

The government of Pakistan has introduced various policies and incentives to promote the deployment of solar energy systems across the country. These include net metering schemes, tax exemptions, and subsidies for solar panel installation. Such measures have encouraged businesses, industries, and homeowners to invest in solar power, reducing their reliance on fossil fuels and grid electricity.

Furthermore, solar energy offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional forms of energy generation, such as coal and natural gas. By harnessing the power of the sun, Pakistan can significantly reduce its carbon footprint and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.

In addition to its environmental benefits, solar energy also contributes to energy security by diversifying the country's energy mix. With a growing population and increasing energy demand, solar power can play a crucial role in meeting Pakistan's energy needs while reducing its dependence on imported fuels.

Despite the progress made in the adoption of solar panels, challenges remain, including high upfront costs, intermittent availability of sunlight, and limited financing options. Addressing these challenges will require continued investment in research and development, as well as the implementation of supportive policies to make solar energy more accessible and affordable for all segments of society.

In conclusion, solar panels have the potential to transform Pakistan's energy landscape, offering a sustainable, reliable, and cost-effective source of electricity. With the right policies and investments, Pakistan can harness its solar energy potential to drive economic growth, improve energy access, and combat climate change.

[zorays]

[Press Release] How Turkey based Italian Brand is helping a Local Pakistani Startup promote Net Metering?

[Press Release] How Turkey based Italian Brand is helping a Local Pakistani Startup promote Net Metering?

Climate change is not just a political issue: it’s a moral and social issue, in which we are all accountable. The cost of solar panels and batteries has fallen dramatically over the past few years, and this is the first time GoodWe, a European Brand, popular for its Inverter Products has actually connected with Zorays Solar Pakistan, a local startup, to not only provide befitting Inverter…

[ironfanfestival-blog1]

detail note on Bibliometrics

in line with Hawkins “the application of quantitative analysis within the bibliographic reference of the frame of literature.” The British widespread institution describe the identical bibliometrics because the “utility of mathematical and statistical approach in the have a look at of the use of files and statistical techniques it the study of using documents and guide sample.” starting place of the time period “Bibliometrics” Biblio + Metrics = Bibliometrics “Biblio” is originated from Greek phrase “Biblion” which means that “e book” or “Paper” “Metrics” is originated from Greek or Latin phrase “Metricus” or “Metrikos” which means that the science of Meter or to measured. rationalization: Bibliometrics is a hard and fast of techniques used to look at or degree texts and statistics. citation evaluation and content material evaluation are generally used in Bibliometrics methods. even as Bibliometrics methods are most often used inside the field of library and information technological know-how. Bibliometrics is the statistical evaluation of bibliographic statistics, usually that specialize in citation analysis of research outputs and courses, i.e. how many times studies outputs and guides are being cited. Bibliometric evaluation is turning into an an increasing number of important manner to measure and verify research effect of people, businesses of individuals or establishments. due to boundaries associated with bibliometrics (as highlighted within the troubles and obstacles section), Bibliometrics measures should continually be used along with different statistics which includes investment obtained, number of patents, awards granted and qualitative measures which includes peer assessment. over the past decades Bibliometrics methods have end up pretty stylish for the assessment of scientific research and for the evaluation of  hyperlink "http://www.guidelines.kaowarsom.be/en/evaluation_researchers_individual"individual researchers. The most frequently used Bibliometrics measures are the subsequent: • The wide variety of papers published by way of a given researcher or studies group, as a demonstration of his/its productivity. • The frequency with which a published paper is cited in later guides by using other researchers, as an indication of the hobby this paper has raised. • The frequency with which an electronically to be had paper is downloaded by way of readers, as an indication of its importance. • The common frequency with which the papers in a given magazine are stated all through a given time span after book, as an indication of the medical great of the journal or of the thoroughness of its peer assessment. HOW DO BIBLIOMETRICS affect AS AN author: Hiring, advancement, tenure: writer metrics; provide you with a manner to measure the impact of your studies. For many roles in science academia, author metrics are used to display candidates, and as criteria for advertising. Altmetrics - measuring impact via social media - permit you to get instant comments on the effect your research is having on the medical community. furnish programs: quotation metrics can affect investment for you, to your branch, and even on your college. investment organizations are increasingly more requiring evidence of publishing effect. locating journals to post in: magazine metrics can help you decide which magazine to publish in. selecting the right magazine can help enhance your creator metrics - your paper may additionally acquire more citations if you are published in a magazine with a excessive effect factor.   HOW DO BIBLIOMETRICS have an effect on AS A RESEARCHER? discover articles for your subject matter: "cited via" features supplied in net of science and Google scholar permit you to find out newly published studies being performed on your subject matter. perceive seminal studies: understanding how regularly a paper has been noted allow you to evaluate the significance of that paper. further to tools like web of technology and Google student, altmetrics is rising as a manner to assess the web social effect that a piece of writing or creator is having. finding journals to examine: magazine impact factor equipment like magazine quotation document permit you to discover leading journals in a subject. Why use Bibliometrics? Bibliometrics can be described because the statistical analysis of guides. traditionally, Bibliometrics has centered on the quantitative evaluation of citations and citation counts. Such citation evaluation can be useful to researchers in: • supporting to become aware of and priorities publications to examine • Informing the choice of targets for deliberate publications • Contributing to the demonstration of instructional impact • finding capability collaborators institutions also can benefit from the use of Bibliometrics. Bibliometrics evaluation can be used to help pick out an group's research strengths, to benchmark its overall performance, and to inform studies method improvement. using quotation analysis to gauge the significance of 1's paintings, as an example, is a sizeable a part of the tenure assessment manner. information scientists also use quotation analysis to quantitatively determine the middle magazine titles and divide publications especially disciplines; interrelationships between authors from distinct establishments and colleges of idea; and associated facts about the sociology of academia. Bias and Discrepancies or trouble: • exceptional vs. quantity: The wide variety of instances a work has been referred to should not be used to gauge the nice of the work, it without a doubt only measures the interest of other researchers inside the paintings as recorded inside the mentioned references. • debatable papers, inclusive of those primarily based on fraudulent statistics, may be pretty stated. a piece can be heavily referred to due to the fact different authors are refuting its research. • quotation bias. people might also inappropriately cite their own work, their colleagues, or paintings from the journals in which they post. some of bibliometric equipment will let you exclude self-citations. • skilled researchers have a bonus over early profession researchers as they'll have produced more outputs over a time frame and so may have greater citations. • there may be a bias towards English language fabric - this displays the content of the principle quotation tools. • Time is wanted before a significant quotation analysis can be made, so new journals generally tend to fare badly. • Bibliographic equipment can not usually reliably differentiate between researchers who proportion the same surname and initials, that means that citation counts won't be accurate. • Time-span: on average a e-book may additionally reach its citation count number height inside the first  years following guide. The time span chosen for a citation document may skew the outcomes. • only a small percent of articles are exceedingly stated and they may be observed in a small subset of journals. This small share bills for a big percent of citations. • publication exclusion: most effective studies articles, technical notes and evaluations are "citable" objects. Editorials, letters, information objects and meeting abstracts are "non-citable objects". • assessment articles: authors and journals that frequently post assessment articles tend to have their citation counts exaggerated because those forms of articles are commonly especially stated • Non-noted articles: citation counting does no longer remember articles that have been used but did not get stated. makes use of of Bibliometrics: • To become aware of authorship trend in document in diverse topics. • To measure the usefulness of retrospective and modern-day cognizance carrier. • To become aware of beyond gift publishing tendencies as well as forecast destiny publishing tendencies. • To broaden experimental models. • To pick out core periodical in exceptional discipline. • To formulate stoking and weeding coverage. • To provoke effective and multilevel network system. end: Bibliometrics is a sort of research method used inside the library and facts .it is quantitative examine of diverse components of literature on a subject and it used to perceive the sample of book authorship and journal insurance with the objective of getting and insight in to the dynamic of increase of information inside the areas beneath consideration. The adoption of Bibliometrics techniques in various discipline stimulate stunning boom of literature on Bibliometrics and its related areas. question # 07: Write a be aware on organizational accountable for the Bibliography manage in Pakistan Definition A bibliography is formatted in precisely the equal way as a reference list. not like a reference listing, a bibliography is a group of all the resources you have used all through, and in education for, your task. it's miles crucial you listing resources you found that had been applicable for your paintings, even if you don’t discuss with them to your text. A bibliography is blanketed at the cease of your essay. Bibliography is a listing of books, scholarly articles, speeches, personal racket, driers, net web sites, and different resources.   Bibliographical groups In Bibliography there are many agencies are working in Pakistan. The Bibliographical company could mean a whole file of the existence and place of each company in everywhere in the world.. what is bibliographical manage? Bibliographical manage would suggest a whole document of the lifestyles and area of each book and of all other substances of concern to libraries. accepted bibliographical control IFLA expert declaration on everyday Bibliographic control in the course of the 1970‘s IFLA hooked up an workplace for popular Bibliographic manage following several years of discussion approximately the significance of worldwide sharing of bibliographic records to help lessen costs and to inspire greater cooperation  international. That office became known as UBCIM (prevalent Bibliographic manage and worldwide MARC).At that time the philosophy became that every countrywide bibliographic employer could catalog the paintings posted in its personal united states of america and establish the names of its authors, and that records would be shared and re-used around the sector. but, in the1990’s it was identified that having facts in a language and script customers can recognize is extraordinarily critical, so respecting the cultural diversity of customers around the world must be addressed as properly. these aren't necessarily collectively unique conditions, as has been verified in the subsequent digital international Authority document (VIAF) initiative. net technologies offer new opportunities of sharing records at a worldwide scale and past the library domain, but also show a want for authoritative and trusted information. for this reason, the concept of UBC remains legitimate and really worth IFLA’s persevered help and promoting. IFLA therefore reaffirms the subsequent ideas • A national bibliographic enterprise (NBA) has the obligation for providing the authoritative bibliographic statistics for courses of its own u . s . and for making that information available to other NBAs, libraries, and different groups(for example data and museums) thru suitable and timely services with the goal of increasing open get admission to to the bibliographic facts. • NBAs, as part of the creation of authoritative bibliographic facts, also have the responsibility for documenting authorized access factors for persons, households, company our bodies, names of locations, and authoritative citations for works related to its personal usa and for making that authority statistics available to other NBAs, libraries, and other communities (for example records and museums). • IFLA has the duty for retaining and selling the statement of global Cataloguing concepts (ICP), published in 2009, as the foundation for the sharing of bibliographic records • IFLA has, through the work of its relevant expert gadgets and advisory committees, the responsibility for creating, maintaining and promoting bibliographic requirements and recommendations to facilitate this sharing of bibliographic and authority facts (e.g., ISBD, the FRBR family of conceptual fashions, and so forth.) • IFLA works collaboratively with other worldwide organizations (e.g., ISO, ICA, ICOM, and many others.) inside the introduction and protection of different standards so that it will make certain that library requirements traits, which include well matched statistics fashions, are coordinated

[selenocysteine]

Hungry China = Hungry Tajikistan?

Article by Clay (Jan. 2011) from: http://claywestrope.blogspot.co.id/

In a country like Tajikistan – landlocked, post-conflict, few natural resources, 93% mountainous, crumbling infrastructure and a questionably corrupt government – investors are hard to come by.  Some recent discoveries and actions, however, may be changing Tajikistan’s luck.   Whether this will be positive or detrimental to the country’s future development remains to be seen. Last month Gazprom announced that it had discovered approximately 60 billion cubic meters of natural gas, or the equivalent of 50 years worth of domestic use.  This is good news for a country that has become so reliant on natural gas for heating from Uzbekistan that during periods of chilly relations or delayed payments, supply has been suspended causing untimely deaths for some of Tajikistan’s population.

This is in addition to the massive hydroelectric project currently underway at Rogun Dam that is expected to help make Tajikistan a net energy exporter to countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan in the near future.  And Rogun is not the only hydroelectric project planned for this glacier-rich country. Also, just this month, two new gold deposits were found in central and north Tajikistan, totaling 117 tons and 59 tons respectively.  With the help of Chinese mining companies, these deposits could help increase Tajikistan’s current 1.3-1.5 ton production annually.

So I mention the Chinese.

China has made immense investments in Central Asia in recent years.  As the global leader in energy consumption, China has been furiously looking for other sources to fuel its economy. China has provided $10 billion to Kazakhstan to help boost its economy in exchange for a construction of a pipeline that is expected to carry 400,000 barrels of oil per day to China.  There are already 15 majority Chinese companies in Kazakhstan.  The Chinese have even overtaken Russia’s influence in Kazakhstan with Chinese companies importing 18 million tons of oil from Kazakhstan in 2009, compared to just 6.4 million tons by Russian companies.

In Turkmenistan it’s the same story, with China already signing contracts to purchase up to 40 billion cubic meters of Turkmen gas annually.  This is after $7 billion of approved soft loans to Turkmenistan in order to develop specific gas deposits.

So what does this mean for Tajikistan?   Well, the Tajik government just announced that it was going to lease land on Tajik soil to allow 1,500 Chinese farmers to grow food for the Chinese.  This is certainly disconcerting in a country that has difficult producing enough food for its own people.  The government has given the justification that the Chinese will bring with them contemporary farming techniques and develop land that has been left fallow due to labor shortages from labor migrations to Russia.  People in Tajikistan aren’t so sure.

One issue is the fact that this means a large incursion of Chinese into the country to work the fields.  There were 30,000 Chinese migrant laborers in Tajikistan in 2007 working on roads and mining sites.  This number had jumped to 82,000 by 2010.  This is likely to expand rapidly with this new deal in Tajikistan – a reality that does not sit well with many in Tajikistan.

This new deal comes right on the heels of an announcement that Tajikistan had ceded 1,100 square kilometers of Tajik land (1 percent of the country’s total land area) to China.

With China’s rapidly growing influence and investment in the region, one has to ask what the benefits will be.   With Chinese laborers building these projects keeping employment from a Tajik population of young people desperately in need of work and with land being leased or ceded to China for food production in a country that has periods of high food insecurity, investment may come at a net cost to the people of Tajikistan. An energy and nutrition hungry China may mean a perpetually hungry Tajikistan in the future. Articles of Interest http://www.rferl.org/content/tajikistan_china/2289623.html http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/MA14Ag01.html http://www.rferl.org/content/beijing_stealthy_expansion_central_asia/2274062.html http://business.inquirer.net/money/breakingnews/view/20110113-314153/Tajikistan-discovers-two-large-gold-deposits http://www.neurope.eu/articles/104060.php

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Is 30KW System The Right Choice For You?

Solar technology has several monetary and ecological advantages, including the production of free electricity from the Sun’s energy, decreased electricity bills, and saving the environment from deterioration. More people are installing solar panels due to all the perks of solar systems. Solar panel systems are available in various sizes and capacities in the market. The solar energy system that you can acquire depends upon the electricity demand of the premises where you want to install the system, whether it is a residential or a commercial area. You can use a 30kW solar system for residential, commercial, and agricultural purposes. In this blog, we are going to discuss if this system is right for you or not.

How Many Units Does A 30KW Solar System Produce?

The 30kW solar panel system can deliver up to 3500 to 3600 units of power each month in the event that it gets 4 hours of adequate daylight consistently. This solar system gives sufficient power to a major house with a high electricity usage, a medium office just as a small industrial unit. The production of power additionally relies on many different elements, including the shading impact and geo-area. Ensure that your solar energy system is installed where there are the least shade and most extreme daylight for the duration of the day. In view of the month-to-month creation, this system can produce up to 42,000 units consistently.

The Appliances You Can Use With a 30KW Solar System

The 30kW solar panel system is a suitable solar power system for a house or a commercial place that has medium to high electricity needs. It is mostly used for at least a 2-Kanal house with multiple air conditioners or a workplace with multiple computers and ACs that need to be run concurrently, or a small industry with some machines such as a small textile unit. A system as big as 30kW can also be used to provide a portion of an industry's electricity needs.

The Items Included in the System

The 30kW system has the following solar products to function depending upon the type of the system.

Solar Panels

Solar Inverters

Connecting Wires

Batteries (Optional)

Net Meter (Optional)

The Advantages of the System

There are many benefits that you can get by installing a 30kW solar panel system. These benefits are:

Low to No Electricity Bills

With solar panels, you can generate free electricity from the sunlight. It means you will be using comparatively less electricity from the grid, so you will receive less to no electricity bills. On average, you can save up to 70-80% of your electricity bill if you use your solar system wisely. You may not have to pay any bills if your system generates electricity for your house.

Easy Maintenance

Being a self-driven system, a solar system functions on its own after its installation. There is no supervision required for a solar system to run. It can keep on generating free electricity for the next 25 years with no to low sustenance expenses.

Passive Income

Net metering is a crediting system that enables the user to transfer excess electricity generated by the solar system to the utility grid. The credits one receives for the electricity they transfer can be used to get discounts on the electricity bills further reducing the bill. One can only use it with grid-tie solar systems or hybrid solar systems.

Protection of the Environment

The byproduct of all the advantages of establishing a solar system is the protection of the environment. You can partake to curb carbon footprint and environmental degeneration by generating electricity from solar and decreasing dependency on the electricity produced from fossil fuels.

The Price of 30KW Solar System in Pakistan

The 30kW solar system price in Pakistan varies with the solar products that you are using in your system. You will find diverse prices from different suppliers for various solar products. This difference in prices is because of the quality of the solar products. If you are purchasing solar panels and inverters from renowned global companies, you will notice that their price discrepancies are negligible because all of these products are of the highest quality. The difference in cost of the equipment surmounts when there is a substantial difference between the quality of the products. You cannot compare the price of an inverter with 99% efficiency to the one with 92% efficiency. Some solar companies employ only the best solar goods by top global solar brands. Comparatively, the other companies use second-tier brands that are not as up-to-the-mark as their counterparts. With the right products, you can get the invested amount back in 4-5 years. So do not compromise on quality for a slight price difference. Some of the best brands of solar products to make your 25kW solar plate system are:

For Solar Panels

·        JA Solar Panels

·        Longi Solar Panels

·        Canadian Solar Panels

·        SunPower Solar Panels

·        SunTech Solar Panels

For Solar Inverters

On-grid Solar Inverters in Pakistan

·  GOODWe Solar Inverters

·  Solis Solar Inverters

·  ABB Solar Inverters

·  Huawei Solar Inverters

·  Fronius Solar Inverters

·  SMA Solar Inverters

·  Suntwin Solar Inverters

·  Infini Solar Inverters

·  Tranergy Solar Inverters

Hybrid Solar Inverters in Pakistan

· GOODWE Solar Inverters

· Infini Solar Inverters

Off-Grid Solar Inverters in Pakistan

· Axpert Solar Inverters

· Infini Solar Inverters

For Solar Batteries

·        Nevada

·        Outdo

For Connection Wires

·     Pakistan Cables

·     Fast Cables

Is It The Right Choice?

The 30kW solar system is the perfect choice for you if you have the means to purchase the system and if your electricity needs are high enough to need a 30kW solar panel system. This system can be used for residential and commercial purposes as well, depending upon the electricity usage. If you cannot afford a 30kW system, then you can either go for solar financing or you can opt for a smaller system. Despite the system you choose for your premises, switching to solar is always going to benefit you in the long run.

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Comparison between Hybrid and Grid-Tie Solar System

Solar energy systems have appeared to be the most beneficial solution to the rising electricity and environmental problems. Because of the many benefits of solar systems, the worldwide demand has increased by many folds. The growing market for solar power systems has led manufacturers to set on a competitive journey, striving to produce better products. It has led to reforms, which would not have been possible in such a short time otherwise.

With all the solar systems in the market, you might think it is troublesome to make an informed decision. However, with a bit of investigation and some basic information, you can choose which type will best suit your needs. To aid you in taking this crucial decision, we have listed a clear and comprehensive difference between on-grid and hybrid solar systems.

On-Grid Solar System in Pakistan

The grid-tied solar system is the most common solar solution in Pakistan, primarily used by industrialists and residential consumers. Premier Energy is the most recognized grid-tie solar solution provider, along with the net metering facility. A Grid-tie System does not require batteries and works in connection with the utility station as they store excess electricity in the grid. The net metering system can also be availed with an on-grid system as they require a connection between the grid and the solar system.

Hybrid Solar System in Pakistan

The on-grid system is cost-effective and allows you to sell the surplus power, and the off-grid solution permits you continuous electricity during power outages. The cons of both systems urged the manufacturers to invent a system that could provide dual functionality. The outcome was a system that had all the prominent characteristics of both on-grid and off-grid systems and could be utilized as both. The crossover properties prompted the structure to be named the Hybrid Solar system.

COMPARISON Between Hybrid And Grid-Tie Solar System

Feature

On-Grid / Grid-Tie

Hybrid

GRID CONNECTION

These systems are directly connected to the grid and cannot work without connection to the grid.

These systems are directly connected to the grid and can also perform their tasks without connection to the grid.

BATTERY

These systems do not require batteries to work with as they store excess electricity directly to the grid and use the electricity from the grid when required.

Batteries are optional for hybrid systems. They are an added feature which can be used at any time. Hybrid systems work without the batteries and with the batteries as well. It is up to the user how to use them.

NET METERING

The net metering option is available for grid-tie systems as net metering essentially requires a connection to the grid so the excess electricity supplied to the grid could be monitored.

Hybrids are a mix of off-grid and on-grid systems and perform both the functions. Thus, the net metering option is available with the hybrid systems

BACKUP GENERATOR

Since these systems do not have adjacent batteries, they do not require any backup generators.

These systems if connected to batteries would definitely require a backup generator as well.

ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY

This is an innovative technology that allowed users to cut at expenses such as batteries and connect to grids and use net metering to save and earn money as well.

This is the latest generation of systems made to perform both off-grid and on-grid functions. This eliminates the cons of these systems.

RELIABILITY

These systems are reliable as they are easy to manage and control. However, in the case of load shedding, they may not be as reliable because of the absence of batteries.

The maintenance of batteries makes it a hassle; however, the overall performance of these system makes them extremely reliable since they can perform both on-grid and off-grid functions.

PERFORMANCE DURING A BLACKOUT

These systems do not have a battery backup and use the grid to store excessive electricity. In case of load shedding and grid failures, they would not be able to support you in blackout until the grid is back on.

They may or may not be attached to batteries so whether they can provide you with backup in a blackout situation depends upon the way the user is utilizing their potential.

MAINTENANCE

These systems do not require a lot of maintenance since they do not have any heavy equipment attached to them. They are easy to maintain and do not pose the need for maintenance every other day.

Hybrid systems perform the heaviest operations if they are performing as both on and off-grid systems so they require most frequent maintenance and servicing.

SIZE and COVER AREA

On-grid systems are usually compact and require very little space to be installed.

The hybrid systems if have batteries and backup generator to perform both on and off grid functions, occupy a lot of space. Otherwise, these systems are easy to install as a grid-tie system.

USAGE

These systems are perfect for residential and industrial usage. They are also the best option for agricultural installations.

These systems are best to be used for commercial and residential purposes. However, they may not be ideal for industrial purposes as the batteries would be very costly.

On-Grid Solar System Price in Pakistan

The on-grid solar system price in Pakistan is lower than an off-grid and hybrid solar system. The reason is that the inverters are the only expensive parts in an on-grid solar system.

Hybrid Solar System Price in Pakistan

Hybrid solar system price in Pakistan is higher as compared to the off-grid and grid-tie solar system mainly because to offer the cons of both the systems, the parts of both the system are required. You need net metering as well as batteries to fully enjoy your hybrid system.

Which System Should You Choose?

It depends mainly upon your choice, if you are fine with only net metering and UPS backup then a grid-tie solar system is perfect. If you are looking for a more reliable and robust setup and lesser bill then hybrid system is the best choice. However, you need to invest carefully because the batteries and the inverters in a hybrid system both will need to be replaced in a time period of 8-12 years; thus you will need to invest double the money again. Comparatively, in a grid-tie system you will have to change the inverters only. Apart from that, you will also need a higher upfront cost to purchase all the equipment in a hybrid system. To get a more detailed analysis and recommendation, Get in Touch with a solar expert who can guide you in making a choice more beneficial for you.