#musculocutaneous

[papriaki]

Being a horror artist is awesome because people commission you to draw gore but then you realize you don’t know shit about real human anatomy

I had to pull up the Atlas of Human anatomy for this commission. what the HELL is a Musculocutaneous Nerve

[mcatmemoranda]

Mechanisms of nerve injury – The major mechanisms of upper extremity peripheral nerve injury are compression, transection, ischemia, inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and radiation exposure.

●Diagnostic testing

•Electromyography and nerve conduction studies are useful for identifying and classifying peripheral nerve disorders affecting the upper extremity.

•Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine is useful to identify disc herniation or degeneration and the degree of nerve root compression as well as to exclude the possibility of a mass lesion.

•Neuromuscular ultrasound can be helpful in assessing individual peripheral nerves in patients who present with an unusual upper extremity mononeuropathy.

•Laboratory testing and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are generally reserved for patients with conditions associated with an inflammatory, infectious, or endocrine source.

●Median neuropathies

•Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common upper extremity mononeuropathy. Typical symptoms include pain or paresthesia in a distribution that includes the median nerve territory, with involvement of the lateral portion of the hand. The symptoms are typically worse at night and characteristically awaken affected individuals from sleep.

•Less common median nerve syndromes include entrapment where the median nerve passes through the pronator teres muscle and injury to the anterior interosseous nerve that branches at the elbow.

●Ulnar neuropathy – Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is the second most common compression neuropathy affecting the upper extremities. Symptoms include sensory loss and paresthesias over digits 4 and 5 and weakness of the interosseous muscles of the hand in severe cases.

●Radial nerve syndromes – With compression of the radial nerve at the spiral groove, the triceps retains full strength, but there is weakness of the wrist extensors (ie, wrist drop), finger extensors, and brachioradialis. Sensory loss is present over the dorsum of the hand and may extend up the posterior forearm. With posterior interosseous neuropathy, forearm pain and weakness of finger dorsiflexion is typical.

●Proximal neuropathies – Several uncommon proximal focal neuropathies of the upper extremity typically present with pain and sensorimotor impairment. These include suprascapular neuropathy, long thoracic neuropathy, axillary neuropathy, spinal accessory neuropathy, and musculocutaneous neuropathy.

●Brachial plexopathy – The brachial plexus is vulnerable to trauma and may be affected secondarily by disorders involving adjacent structures. Most brachial plexus disorders show a regional involvement rather than involvement of the entire brachial plexus.

●Cervical radiculopathy – Cervical radiculopathy is a common cause of both acute and chronic neck pain. Most radiculopathies arise from nerve root compression due to cervical spondylosis and/or disc herniation. Lower cervical roots, particularly C7, are more frequently affected by compression.

●Other syndromes – Additional uncommon peripheral nerve syndromes affecting the upper extremities include focal amyotrophy, mononeuropathy multiplex, multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), and zoster radiculoganglionitis.

[yehuserdumbhai]

Brachial plexus 🫶✨✨✨

..

..

..

Branches ke naam bhi bata de

musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, axillary, and radial nerves.

[yourlgbtfriends]

What's MLD phallo?

- Mod Doe

[queenboudicaa]

*GRAPHIC CONTENT WARNING *

This is the Reality of Phalloplasty. This is a woman who has had experimental surgery performed on her vagina to make it look like a penis. This is the reality of bottom surgery for transmen.

Surgeons need to be held accountable.

[manifestedsun]

Verse post Post War Arc (This is strictly headcanon based and it’s subject to change when Tamaki reappears in the manga officially.) (tw medical jargon)

Tamaki was upfront on the assault against Gigantomachia with Fatgum, Mystic, Gang Orca and other heroes after the UA students are able to get the sedative into the giants mouth. Unlike some of the older pro’s, he’s fortunate enough to survive the onslaught but not without many injuries.

Trying to shield himself with a clam shield, it ends up broken and he’s pierced with his own shards. Protected at the last moment by Fatgum which in the end, is what saves him, they find themselves buried for several hours before being found and hospitalized. 

Like many of the others, he ends up in surgery to remove the shard that pierced him and heal the wound, as resources are stretched and they stuck to the basics before moving onto other injured people.  He doesn’t wake up for several days after.

Extent of injuries -The worst of his injuries is the piercing. The sharp, broken point of his clam shell went straight through his left shoulder, the force of impact caused the shoulder to dislocate.  While his arteries and bones were still intact, the lateral end of his musculocutaneous nerve was severed. Because it took so long for them to be found and taken care of, the nerve wasn’t able to completely be healed, leaving him unable to use his left his arm. When things settle down, he plans to look into options to help heal undo this and while he can’t move his left arm as is, he can still manifest it, HOWEVER, anything he manifests to that arm, he has a hard time controlling. He does plan to go back to work eventually.

-Several broken ribs

-Broken ankle

-May have future back complications

-Concussion

[stefanduell]

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS ⠀ [NEUROANATOMY] ⠀ The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla and runs through the entire upper extremity. ⠀ As you know from my previous posts about Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, compression of the medial, lateral and posterior cords of the brachial plexus can occur between the anterior and middle scalenes, the first rib and clavicle and below the pectoralis minor muscle. ⠀ The brachial plexus originates from five nerve ROOTS: C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. ⠀ These nerve roots coalesce to form three TRUNKS: Superior, Middle and Inferior. ⠀ The trunks divide to form six DIVISIONS: An anterior and posterior division for each of the three trunks. ⠀ The divisions coalesce to form three CORDS: Medial, lateral and posterior. ⠀ Then the cords form five terminal BRANCHES: median, radial, ulnar, axillary and musculocutaneous. ⠀ Pic 5 is a great illustration which will help you to learn the brachial plexus easily! This piece of artwork by @DrJoeMuscolino is drawn like a tree. The names of the components of the brachial plexus (roots, trunks, branches) are all parts of a tree. Even the term cord can be related to a tree, as in a cord of wood. ⠀ Video 1 explains the components of the brachial plexus. ⠀ Video 2 explains the innervation of the radial nerve which is a terminal branch nerve of the brachial plexus so it is shown as a branch of the tree. Each muscle innervated by the radial nerve is indicated by a leaf with enough letters written on the leaf (Pic 4) to indicate the name of that muscle. ⠀ Video 3 shows some of the “preterminal” branch nerves of the brachial plexus and the muscles they innervate. The brachial plexus has five “terminal” branches and eleven “preterminal” branches. ⠀ Videos 4/5 demonstrate the medial and lateral cords and the three terminal branches to which they give rise (median, ulnar and musculocutaneous). ⠀ #anatomy #fascia #chiropractic #physicaltherapy #dr #physiotherapy #osteopathy #orthopedics #shoulder #nerves #medicine #student #medstudent #education #doctor #neuroanatomy #cadaveranatomy #brachialplexus https://www.instagram.com/p/CL_h17UgPZA/?igshid=i23pdufv4uhs

[tmitransitioning]

Can you preserve the clitoris underneath the phallus if you get a musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap phallo?

NSFWas far as i am aware you can for all phallos and it’s still the standard for all that aren’t nerve hookup phallos (either buried or external- meaning either the shaft is built around it and it’s covered up OR it’s sticking out like a root on a tree)  the first way lets it be stimulated more naturally with penile stimulation (but it’s less sensitive when there’s no nerve hookup, like rubbing through a pair of jeans), the second way lets it still be stimulated by direct stimulation.  mod mayhem

[mcatmemoranda]

If you just remember that the radial nerve innervates the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm, you're good for that. The anterior compartment of the arm is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerves. So the arm is pretty easy to remember. The anterior forearm is innervated by the ulnar and median nerves. Muscles of the hand are either ulnar or median. Also remember that in medicine, the arm (brachium) is only the upper part of the limb, where the humerus is. The forearm (antebrachium) is where the radius and ulna are. So when a doctor says "arm," she's not talking about the entire limb!

Knowing the dermatomes and the brachial plexus drawing will help you understand whether it's the medial or ulnar nerve innervating a part of the arm.

Source: NYITCOM/M. Mihlbachler, PhD

[ukftm]

Hi guys, I wanted to get mlb phallo (Musculocutaneous Latissimus Dorsi Flap Phalloplasty) but do you know if theres any surgeon teams in the uk that fo this? I would i have to travel somewhere else? Thank u for all u do!

Unfortunately this is not an option that is offered in the UK.

~ Alex

[sweetmoxiety]

Behind This Mask is A Desperate Heart (Part 2)

Hospital AU

AU Summary: A fall. A single fall. It may seem like nothing until it’s all consuming. What happens when the doctors struggle to diagnosis the disease responsible for Virgil’s rapid deterioration?

Characters: Virgil, Logan, Patton, Roman, and very brief mention of Sympathetic!Deceit and Remy.

Pairings: Logince & Moxiety

Warnings: Discussion of anatomy and very brief, sympathetic deceit.

Word Count: 1865

Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 |

     Virgil’s fingers curled around the stiff fabric resting in his palms as he meandered towards the white door frame. Twisting the iron knob as he went and shutting the heavy door behind him, Virgil pressed his back against the wooden plank, eyes fixed on the gown in his tight clutch.

     One breath. Two breaths. By the third breath, Virgil had rested the white fabric across the sink’s rounded edge before slowly discarding his ebony attire beside the gown. With his attire stowed precariously on the sink, Virgil reached for the dotted, white hospital gown.   

     With the loose-fitted gown lightly brushing against his knees, Virgil noticed an abrupt tremble in his hands. To steady his shaking grasp, he clung to the upper   edges of the bathroom sink as his gaze became transfixed on the mirror. His scanning eyes discerned the dangling of his bangs over charcoal eye shadow, his lips curled into a pout, and the oscillatory movements of his hands.

     Grumbling, he let his grip falter from the sink and head hang low. He needed a moment. He needed a moment before seizing his clothes and emerging into his hospital suite. Frowning, Virgil shifted as his fingers trembled above the door knob. Twisting the knob and letting the door creak open meant that there really was something wrong with him.

     “Mr. Poole?” A soft knock vibrated against the wooden frame.

     “Oh- uh, yeah. Sorry,” snapping out of it, Virgil yanked open the door.

     “I was going to assess some of your motor and sensory skills,” Logan allowed Virgil to pass him and perch cross-legged on the bed’s edge, but Virgil’s twitchy hands didn’t allude him.

     “Go ahead, doc.”

     “I’m going to start by testing your reflexes with a patellar reflex test, but I’m going to need you to situate your legs so that they’re dangling over the edge of the bed,” Logan slid his fingers into a set of thin, cyan gloves.

    Virgil huffed, untangling his legs, and letting his feet hang.

    With gloved digits, Logan skimmed his cold fingertips across Virgil’s lower leg in search for the band of tissue extending down from the patella. A few more calculating touches under Virgil’s shin, and Logan identified the patellar tendon and femoral nerve. And with a short reflex hammer, Logan struck the tendon…. Virgil’s muscles convulsed.

    “Clonus,” Logan noted, scribbling the result onto a plastic clipboard in raven ink, “let’s try testing your musculocutaneous nerve.”

    “Could you flex at the elbow for me?” Logan requested as a means to identify Virgil’s bicep tendon.

     Virgil nodded, complying as Logan watched and palpated the antecubital fossa.

     “You can relax your arm now,” Logan attentively took Virgil’s arm into his grasp with his thumb over the tendon to strike with the reflex hammer. Again, more contractions.

     “Is that normal?” Virgil wore a half-frown.

     “Well, no-,” Logan paused, laying his pen across his clipboard, “a normal reaction generates an easily observed shortening of the muscle. In your case, your muscles repetitively shortened after a single stimulation, which suggests that a pathologic process is affecting peripheral nerves that results in a reflex that is abnormal.”

     “...huh?”

     “Your muscles convulsed, which suggests there is condition affecting your nerves, but with hand tremors present, that was to be expected.”

     “Any idea what it is yet?”

    “Without more testing it’s hard to say, but I postulate the issue lies within your upper motor neurons. These are the neurons that carry motor information down the spinal cord to the lower motor neurons. The information that is sent from these neurons to the lower motor neurons signals muscles to contract, thus they are the source of voluntary movement. Increased muscle tone, reflexes, and weakness would all point to lesions on your upper motor neurons, but without more testing, we cannot be sure.”

    “I see.”

“Speaking of such testing, I’m going to begin evaluating your muscle tone and then your gait.”

     Virgil nodded, glance cast to the side.

    “To start, I’m going to need you to relax for me again,” Logan clinically solicited.

    To begin testing Virgil’s upper extremity muscle tone, Logan passively rolled the joints in Virgil’s wrist and upper arm to test for rigidity. Finding some resistance, Logan apacely scrawled it onto Virgil’s charts.

    “Could you lie flat on your back now?”

    “Uh, sure,” Virgil swung his legs over the mattress as he slanted back.

    “Now, I’m going to need you to relax,” Logan repeated, pressing his palm above Virgil’s bare ankle. Moving to Virgil’s lower leg, Logan slipped his palm under his patient’s relaxed knee to suddenly bend the shin to test lower extremity muscle tone. More resistance.

    “Hmm,” Logan nodded mostly to himself, “to test your gait, I’m going to need you to walk away from me and then back towards me.”

    “Okay..,” Virgil sat up, shifting his frame so his feet brushed against the tile floor.

     Planting his feet on the ground, Virgil strolled from the bed to the farthest wall before ambling back in the direction of the doctor. And during this process, Logan took note of Virgil’s stance, stability, and leg stiffness. He watched Virgil’s leg swings and arm swings observantly. His eyes inspected Virgil’s degree of knee bending and his rate and speed only to note a decreased left arm swing.

    “Unsteady gait,” Logan jotted down.

    “I take it that’s bad?” Virgil plopped back onto the bed, picking at his black nail polish.

    “It just means a walking abnormality is present.”

    “And?”

    “And that could be caused by underlying conditions or injuries.”

    “Does that mean it could be something like Parkinson’s disease?” Virgil’s heart rate quickened.

    “It’s possible,” Logan admitted, “but we just can’t be sure with the little testing we’ve done.”

    “My blood test can help though, right? That’s what you said earlier.”

    “It’ll help us determine a diagnosis, but it’s likely the storm will delay it a couple days,” Logan glanced at Virgil apologetically, but it came off mechanically, “Anyhow, it seems optimal to take a short break from testing now.”

    Collecting up his clipboard, Logan stood in the door frame, “And in the meantime, a nurse will periodically check up on you.”

    “Okay…,” Virgil sighed.

     With Virgil taken care of, Logan strode down the long, achromatic hallway with his clipboard pressed up against his chest and his framed eyes fixed on the nurse’s station. His shoes squeaking against newly polished floors captured the attention of patients and doctors alike. And as he passed Dr. Whittaker reviewing a patient’s extensive charts, Logan offered him a polite smile.

     Now standing over the cubed nurse’s station, Logan watched as Patton’s fingers built a bridge between words, “Salutations, Patton.”

     Tearing his gaze from the new monitor, Patton grinned, “Hello, Logan.”

     “I’d appreciate it if you could check up on Virgil Poole for me before your shift ends in a couple hours. Maybe take a neurological history for me?” Logan didn’t waste time with idle chatter.

     “Sure thing,” Patton’s eyes and nose crinkled, “I’ll pay him a visit.”

     “Thanks Pat- ...Oh, Great,” Logan frowned, turning on his heel at the mere sight of Dr. Wilson’s poised approach.

     “Trying to avoid me, spectacles?” Dr. Wilson tsk’d.

     “Attempting to,” Logan muttered under his breath.

     Feigning an offended gasp, Dr. Wilson placed his palm over his chest.

     “But you adore our little chats, Lo,” he purred, inching close enough to Logan to count the careless stippling of freckles across his cheeks.

     “How are you, Roman?” Patton kindly interjected, fingers resting atop black keys.

     Flustered, Logan glanced down and away. He didn’t deny it.

     “Much better now that Lo’s back,” Roman grinned wide like a Cheshire cat.

     “I was only gone a week.”

     “And a terrible week it was.”

---

     Virgil peered out the frosted-over window through slats in the flimsy blinds, watching as specks of snow colored the road in ivory as the chilly air of the ceiling vent caressed his exposed skin.

    “Mr. Poole?”

     Virgil exhaled, shifting on the mattress to face the doorway, “more testing?”

    “Just here to collect a neurological history if that’s alright,” one of Patton’s palms rested against the door frame while the other seized a clipboard.

    “Go ahead, I guess,” Virgil raised his downcast eyes and shrugged slightly.

    “I can come back later,” instantly noticing Virgil’s hunched posture, Patton shifted his feet to retreat.

    “No- it’s fine. Ask away,” Virgil peered up before picking again at the remaining flecks of nail polish clinging to his nails.

    “Okay..,” Patton reluctantly stepped into the darkened room, brows knitted into a frown, “Do you have a history of head injury or seizures?”

    “No,” Virgil brushed away unattached, onyx, polish particles onto the stiff sheets.

    “Have you ever had surgery involving the nervous system?” Patton continued, pen tip pressed against papers shoved under the board’s metal clip.

    “No.”

    “Have you ever been treated for a neurological problem?”

     Another ‘no.’

     “Have you ever had a serious injury?”

     “If it matters, I broke my leg when I was nine,” Virgil rested his head in his now unbusy palm, gaze flitted to his crossed legs.

     “How were you treated?” Patton momentarily glanced up from the charts.

     “The doc had me wear a cast and use crutches for six weeks,” Virgil shrugged. He had been sketching - sketching wolves and bluishly radiant moons in the aged tree flourishing by his hinged, bedside window when he fractured his femur. Dropping his pen from the branch had sealed Virgil’s destiny as his balance departed with his attempt to capture it.

     “Do you have any residual effects from breaking your leg?”

     “..No.”

     Another scribble from Patton.

     “Do you have any other medical problems?”

     “Uh,” Virgil paused hesitantly, peering up to inspect Patton’s expression, “...anxiety.”

     “What about prescriptions?” Patton inquired, tilting his head, “are you currently taking any prescribed or over the counter medications?”

     “No.”

     Sighing, Patton scrawled the same answer in black pen on Virgil’s messy charts, “Could you tell me about your family’s medical history?”

     “Dad died of a heart attack and mom’s out of the picture,” Virgil huffed bluntly, shrugging with his eyes.

     “Any brothers, sisters, or cousins?” Patton donned a half-frown.

     “Nope, no, and no,” Virgil mumbled, missing the distraction that unwinding the threads of his coal-colored hoodie brought him.

    “Aunts? Uncles?”

    “Not that I know about.”

    “Oh..,” Patton frowned.

    “That all you need?” Virgil cleared his throat.

    “Uh-,” Snapping out of his haze, Patton replied, “yeah.”

    “That’s all I need,” He quickly clarified, rubbing the back of his neck.

     As Patton turned on his heel to leave, his steps faltered. He was incapable of halting his thoughts from sprinting painfully back in time to Remy. Shaking his head, Patton stopped in his footsteps and shifted to face Virgil, “Do you, uh, have anyone that will visit you? ”

    “What?” Virgil tilted his head, shoulders visibly slumping once he processed the question.

    Patton knew it wasn’t his right to pry, but he asked anyway.

    “I’m sorry,” Patton rapidly backtracked, “I- I really shouldn’t have asked.”

    “It’s whatever,” Virgil huffed, looking at his bare nails.

    “I could come and check up on you occasionally if you’d like,” Patton rushed through his words.

    “Uh-,” Virgil angled his head, unsure of what to make of the offer, “...sure.”

Tag list (ask to be added): @bunny222

[mynotes4mrcs-blog]

BRACHIAL PLEXUS 

Branches

Lateral cord 

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5, 6, 7) 

Lateral root of median nerve (C5, 6, 7)

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6, 7) 

Medial cord 

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) 

Medial root of median nerve (C8, T1)

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8, T1) 

Ulnar nerve (C7, 8, T1) 

Posterior cord 

Upper subscapular nerve (C5, 6)

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, 6)

Nerve to latissimus dorsi (C6, 7, 8)

Axillary (circumflex) nerve (C5, 6) 

Radial nerve (C5, 6, 7, 8, T1) 

Roots are posterior to scalenus anterior 

Cord is medial to axillary artery 

LINK: Drawing the brachial plexus 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLJuSRYamus

[beautyaesthetic-blog1]

Facial Rejuvenation - Advances in Facelift Surgery

Presentation:

Plastic and reconstructive specialists are consistently on the front line of thoughts, developments, and perceptions to discover approaches to improve stylish procedures and to persistently yield better outcomes. It is troublesome and superfluous to decide whether one facelift strategy is superior to anything another since results might be deciphered distinctively dependent on objectivity or subjectivity. Moreover, the aftereffects of a procedure may change altogether when performed by various specialists dependent on either experience or inclination. Hamra first exhibited the profound plane facelift strategy in 1988 and 1989 which was then distributed in 1990. The profound plane rhytidectomy was intended to restore the nasolabial overlay brought about by ptosis of the malar fat cushion. At the time, Hamra had been changing Skoogs strategies with platysmal dismemberments in the neck and structured the profound plane to incorporate the cheek fat in the face-lift fold that brought about a hearty musculocutaneous fold with amazing perfusion.

 Techniques and RESULTS:

 A review graph survey was directed on all patients who experienced profound plane rhytidectomy by somewhere in the range of 1993 and 2008. The profound plane facelifts were executed as depicted by Hamra with changes. Most of patients had average and sidelong platysmal suturing, which is unique in relation to portrayed by Hamra. Four patients were recognized who had experienced a profound plane rhytidectomy as an optional rhytidectomy and who had an earlier subcutaneous rhytidectomy. Post-employable photos of the equivalent long haul interim since their essential and auxiliary rhytidectomy were assessed. The photos were assessed for indications of facial maturing. The four patients during the investigation time frame who had experienced a profound plane rhytidectomy and earlier subcutaneous rhytidectomy had their pre-and post-employable photos thought about. Every single past rhytidectomy were performed by trustworthy board guaranteed plastic specialists. In all patients, amendment of the nasolabial folds and cheeks stayed for more than the interim timespan of their past subcutaneous facelift. In all patients, the cheeks and neck stayed rectified for longer than the time interim of their past subcutaneous facelift.

 Discourse:

 Heap facelift methods are portrayed in the plastic surgery writing. There is no method that is totally the best, for there are different factors. There has been an ongoing pattern toward considerably more constrained analyzations dependent on the biased reason that broad sub-SMAS dismemberment prompts a higher probability of facial nerve damage, all the more wounding and swelling, and a generally delayed recuperation time. Conventional rhytidectomy procedures while successful at tending to maturing changes of the lower face and neck, are less viable in tending to maturing changes of the mid face and melolabial folds. The assortment of methods intended to address this issue region in the most recent decade demonstrates the troublesome idea of the issue and the longing for its amendment. A few specialists accept that the profound plane or composite facelifts lead to longer-enduring outcomes. In spite of these convictions, demonstrating the strength of a facelift is troublesome. Faultfinders of the system express that there is a higher difficulty rate, longer down time, and no distinction in results. We would say, there have been no scenes of preauricular skin ischemia and this was in certainty the senior creators' catalyst to start utilizing the profound plane method. There has been a 2% post auricular skin putrefaction, none of which required careful intercession. There have been no scenes of hematoma in the face, with a 1% rate of hematoma in the neck with 0.2% requiring careful departure.

 Understanding fulfillment was incredibly high with the auxiliary, profound plane, facelift. There were no nerve wounds. About all patients were agreeable to be out openly following two weeks. In general, we accept that the profound plane rhytidectomy is protected. It is our feeling that the objective of rhytidectomy isn't to change distinguishing highlights of the face, but instead to enable the patient to resemble a more youthful variant of them for a more drawn out timeframe. In the profound plane facelift, the malar fat cushion is raised and repositioned in progression with the SMAS of the lower face. The outcome is a composite fold that incorporates the malar fat cushion, which currently is assembled and can be repositioned to reestablish energetic shape to the face. We accept this idea of repositioning is vital to the achievement of this method. At the point when the photographic outcomes were analyzed, the facelifts had a characteristic "fixed" appearance.

 When we analyzed the post-employable photos of the optional facelift to the essential facelift, the auxiliary facelift seemed to look progressively energetic at a similar post-usable interim. It is hard to figure out what this distinction might be credited to as there are numerous factors. It might be that an optional facelift has a superior chance to improve the zone of rectification. Some have proposed that the musculocutaneous fold is better vascularized and holds the first progression between the subcutaneous tissues and the SMAS. The absence of disturbance of these structures might be significant in diminishing the repeat of ptosis in the post-employable years. The profound plane analyzation keeps the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the SMAS in coherence with one another. It might be that this outcomes in more noteworthy cutaneous wellbeing and results in more slow maturing post-operatively.

 Outline:

 The profound plane facelift seems to give exceptionally solid outcomes, a characteristic showing up face, and quick recuperation time. What's more, facial nerve damage is uncommon in this methodology.

[astressedvetstudent]

peripheral nerves

suprascapular nerve = C6-7 - damage causes decreased shoulder extension and shoulder cutaneous extension

musculocutaneous nerve = C6-8 - damage causes decreased elbow extension and medial antebrachium sensation

radial nerve = C7-T2 - damage causes decreased elbow carpus and digit extension and decreased cranial antebrachium sensation

median and ulnar nerve = C8-T2 - damage causes decreased carpus and digit flexion and decreased caudal antebrachium sensation

obturator nerve = L4-L6 - damage causes decreased hip adduction

femoral nerve = L4-L6 - damage causes decreased hip flexion, stifle extension and medial HL sensation

sciatic nerve = L6-S2 - damage causes decreased hip extension, stifle flexion, hock movement and hindlimb sensation

[stefanduell]

THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS ⠀ [NEUROANATOMY] ⠀ @StefanDuell x @DrJoeMuscolino ⠀ The brachial plexus is a network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limb. It begins in the root of the neck, passes through the axilla and runs through the entire upper extremity. ⠀ As you know from my previous posts about Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, compression of the medial, lateral and posterior cords of the brachial plexus can occur between the anterior and middle scalenes, the first rib and clavicle and below the pectoralis minor muscle. ⠀ The brachial plexus originates from five nerve ROOTS: C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. ⠀ These nerve roots coalesce to form three TRUNKS: Superior, Middle and Inferior. ⠀ The trunks divide to form six DIVISIONS: An anterior and posterior division for each of the three trunks. ⠀ The divisions coalesce to form three CORDS: Medial, lateral and posterior. ⠀ Then the cords form five terminal BRANCHES: median, radial, ulnar, axillary and musculocutaneous. ⠀ Pic 5 is a great illustration which will help you to learn the brachial plexus easily! This piece of artwork by @DrJoeMuscolino is drawn like a tree. The names of the components of the brachial plexus (roots, trunks, branches) are all parts of a tree. Even the term cord can be related to a tree, as in a cord of wood. ⠀ Video 1 explains the components of the brachial plexus. ⠀ Video 2 explains the innervation of the radial nerve which is a terminal branch nerve of the brachial plexus so it is shown as a branch of the tree. Each muscle innervated by the radial nerve is indicated by a leaf with enough letters written on the leaf (Pic 4) to indicate the name of that muscle. ⠀ Video 3 shows some of the “preterminal” branch nerves of the brachial plexus and the muscles they innervate. The brachial plexus has five “terminal” branches and eleven “preterminal” branches. ⠀ Videos 4/5 demonstrate the medial and lateral cords and the three terminal branches to which they give rise (median, ulnar and musculocutaneous). ⠀ #anatomy #fascia #chiropractic #physicaltherapy #dr #physiotherapy #osteopathy #orthopedics #shoulder #nerves #medicine #student #medstudent #education #doctor #neuroanatomy (hier: Frankfurt, Germany) https://www.instagram.com/p/B2gpbyxBHog/?igshid=5xlk2y1wkbn5

[faceliftsurgeryhelps-blog]

Advances in Facelift Surgery - Facial Rejuvenation

INTRODUCTION Plastic and reconstructive surgeons are constantly on the lookout for new ideas, inventions, and observations to improve aesthetic approaches and provide better results. It's difficult and pointless to compare facelift techniques because the results can be interpreted differently depending on objectivity or subjectivity. Furthermore, depending on the surgeon's experience or choice, the results of a method may vary dramatically when performed by different surgeons. In 1988 and 1989, Hamra first introduced the facelift santa barbara technique, which was later published in 1990.The deep plane rhytidectomy was created to regenerate the nasolabial fold, which was caused by malar fat pad ptosis. Hamra was adapting Skoogs procedures with platysmal dissections in the neck at the time, and he constructed the deep plane to include cheek fat in the face-lift flap, resulting in a powerful musculocutaneous flap with excellent perfusion.

The deep plane facelift approach, according to critics, is associated with a longer recovery time, a higher risk of nerve injury, and no greater aesthetic or long-term benefit.

This assertion is not supported by our experience with the deep plane facelift. Skin necrosis at the incision sites, skin abnormalities due to the thin nature of the flap, and poorer vascularity are all perceived drawbacks of subcutaneous or SMAS facelifts. Furthermore, with shallow facelifts, there is a larger risk of hematoma formation. These difficulties have well-known consequences.

The deep plane facelift assures greater vascularity by requiring a bigger flap made up of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and SMAS. Attempts to compare the deep plane to other rhytidectomy procedures have been made in the past. It's impossible to compare the two approaches since patients differ, surgeons differ in their techniques, and the number of identical twins followed and undergoing separate procedures is insufficient. By comparing images of patients who had a deep plane facelift and a previous subcutaneous facelift, we were able to compare the deep plane and subcutaneous or limited SMAS facelifts. The patients served as their own internal control.

RESULTS AND METHODS Between 1993 and 2008, a retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who had deep-plane rhytidectomy. The deep plane facelifts were done according to Hamra's instructions, with a few tweaks.The majority of patients received platysmal suturing on the medial and lateral sides, which differed from Hamra's description. Four patients were discovered who had a prior subcutaneous rhytidectomy and had a deep plane rhytidectomy as a secondary rhytidectomy. After their main and secondary rhytidectomy, the patients' post-operative pictures were reviewed over a long period of time. The photos were examined for signs of aging on the face. The pre- and post-operative pictures of four patients who had undergone a deep plane rhytidectomy and preceding subcutaneous rhytidectomy throughout the study period were compared. All of my past rhytidectomies were done by board-certified plastic surgeons. Correction of the nasolabial creases and jowls lasted longer in all patients than the time interval between their previous subcutaneous facelifts. The jowls and neck were addressed in all patients for a longer period of time than their previous subcutaneous facelift.

DISCUSSION The plastic surgery literature depicts a variety of facelift procedures. Because there are so many variables, there is no such thing as the ultimate best technique. Based on the presumption that extensive sub-SMAS dissection leads to a higher risk of facial nerve injury, more bruising and swelling, and a longer recovery time, there has been a new trend toward much more limited dissections. Traditional rhytidectomy procedures, while successful for age changes in the lower face and neck, are ineffective for aging changes in the mid face and melolabial folds. In the previous decade, a wide range of solutions have been developed to address this issue, indicating the difficulty of the problem and the desire to solve it. Deep plane or composite facelifts, according to some surgeons, produce longer-lasting results. Despite these views, demonstrating the long-term effectiveness of a facelift is difficult. The technique's detractors claim that it has a higher complication rate, a longer recovery period, and no difference in results. There have been no incidents of preauricular skin ischemia in our experience, and this was the reason for the senior authors to start employing the deep plane approach. There was a 2% post-auricular skin necrosis rate, although none of the cases required surgery. There have been no cases of hematoma in the face, but a 1% incidence of hematoma in the neck has required surgical evacuation in 0.2 percent of cases.

With the secondary, deep plane facelift, patient satisfaction was extremely good. There were no damage to the nerves. After two weeks, nearly all of the patients felt confident enough to go out in public. We feel the deep plane rhytidectomy is safe in general. The purpose of rhytidectomy, in our perspective, is to allow the patient to look like a younger version of themselves for a longer period of time, rather than to change identifiable aspects of the face. The malar fat pad is lifted and relocated in continuity with the SMAS of the lower face during a deep plane facelift. As a result, a composite flap has been created that contains the malar fat pad, which has been mobilized and may now be adjusted to restore the face's youthful contour. This concept of repositioning, we feel, is critical to the procedure's success. The facelifts had a natural "undone" aspect when the photographic results were reviewed.

References

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