#moving companies south auckland

[pinkbrries]

#BASIC INFO

》 BIRTH NAME: park izabella (in hangul: 박이자벨라)

》 KOREAN NAME: park chaewon (in hangul: 박채원)

》 STAGE NAME: izabella / cherry

》 REASON OF HER NAME: from Sino-Korean 采 (chae) meaning “collect, gather, pluck” or 彩 (chae) meaning “colour” combined with 原 (won) meaning “source, origin, beginning”.

》 NICKNAMES: chae oppa | wonnie hyung | iza | ella | ellie | cherry | chae-lion | prince charming | ateez golden girl | chae-culator | 4th gen it girl

》 BIRTH DATE: dec 23, 1998

》 PLACE OF BIRTH: auckland, nz

》 ZODIAC SIGN: capricorn.

》 ETHNICITY: new zealand-korean

》 LANGUAGES: english (native), korean (fluent), japanese (fluent), french (conversational), mandarin (basic), thai (learning)

》 HEIGHT: 1.57 cm || 5’1

》 VOICE CLAIM (rap): yuhnway (soloist)

》 VOICE CLAIM (vocal): kim jung eun (loona)

》 FACE CLAIM: kim jung eun (loona)

》 EMOJI: 🦁 / 🍒

》 FAVORITE COLOR: pastel pink and pastel green

》 MBTI: ENTJ-A

》 ROLE MODELS: rosé (blackpink), cl (2ne1), bobby and hanbin (ikon), shinee, red velvet, twice, wonder girls, hyuna, cheetah, zico, iu, dynamicduo, queen, metallica.

》 POSITIONS: main rapper, main dancer, main vocal, visual.

》 INDIVIDUAL FANDOM NAME: cherries (because of her old stage name)

#CARRER

》 COMPANIES:

SM Entertainment (signed as an actress): 2012 - 2014

Starship Entertainment: 2014 - 2016

KQ Entertainment: 2016 - present

》 TRAINEE PERIOD: 6 years and a half.

》 PRE DEBUT & OTHER APPEARANCES:

actress for several commercials

drama: heirs

drama: reply 1994

drama: schoolgirl detectives

unpretty rapstar s3 (second runner-up)

show me the money s6 (second runner-up)

kq fellaz

good girl

immortal songs

amazing saturday

hello counselor

men on a mission

the show (mc along with juyeon and kim minkyu)

inkigayo (special mc along with minhyuk and jaehyun)

show me the money s9 (first runner-up)

kpop daebak

running man

drama: a love so beautiful (korean ver)

drama: our beloved summer

drama: blue birthday

high school rapper s4 (mentor along with simon dominic and loco)

》 DEBUT DATE: october 24, 2018

#BACKGROUND

Izabella was born in Auckland, New Zealand, on december 23, 1998 to a korean family, having two older sisters, one of them being Rosé from the popular kpop girl group Blackpink. At the age of five years old Izabella and her family moved to Melbourne, Australia; there, she started taking different classes since early age: jiu jitsu (even participating in national competitions), aerial and contemporary dance, she learned how to play the drums, the piano and the guitar, and even joined the church choir along with her sister Rosé.

In 2011, at age of 13 and influenced by her dad’s words, she attended an audition in Sydney, Australia for South Korean record label SM Entertainment, ranking at the top three among 1000 participants, and just some months after that, her sister Rosé signed with YG. They both dropped out of school and moved to South Korea with their mom.

At first, she was happy with being signed only as an actress and having small roles to start with her career, but then she realized that acting wasn’t her passion, and after two years, she parted with SM on good terms.

Some months after that, she got scouted by an agent of Starship Entertainment. Izabella even trained with the (now) monsta x members and even got contemplated to join the survival show “no mercy,” but she didn’t end up joining. In the winter of 2015, Izabella opens a soundcloud account and starts releasing her own songs under the stage name of “cherry,” her popularity starting to grow, even getting considered as one of the best underground rappers back then. In 2016, she decides on parting with Starship too on good terms.

Trying to not give up even after the circumstances and after seeing her older sister’s success, she joins “unpretty rapstar” in 2016 under the stage name of ‘cherry’, making it into the finals and ranking at 3rd place. Izabella gained a lot of popularity due this survival, even getting calls from companies that were interested on signing her. It’s in october 2016 that an agent from KQ Entertainment reaches out to her, and after convincing her on giving the company a chance, she officially becomes a trainee at the beginnings of november 2016.

A year later, she joins another survival show: “show me the money,” being part of zico’s and dean’s team, making it into the finals and finishing on 3rd place.

On october 24, 2018, Izabella made her official debut with Ateez.

#SIGNATURE

[autofixtowingnz]

Affordable and Reliable Towing Services in South Auckland

When you find yourself stranded on the side of the road due to a vehicle breakdown or accident, having a reliable towing service at your fingertips is crucial. In South Auckland, there are numerous towing companies that offer fast, efficient, and affordable services to get you out of a bind. Whether you’re looking for a quick tow, accident recovery, or vehicle transport, finding the right towing company in Auckland can make all the difference.

South Auckland Towing Services: Quick and Efficient Help

South Auckland is home to several towing services that pride themselves on providing prompt and professional assistance. Whether you’ve been involved in an accident, your vehicle has broken down, or you need to move a car from one location to another, South Auckland towing services are equipped to handle it all. These companies offer a range of services, from light vehicle towing to heavy-duty transport, ensuring that no matter what type of vehicle you have, there’s a solution for you.

What sets South Auckland towing services apart is their commitment to customer satisfaction. Many companies operate 24/7, meaning you can get help at any time of day or night. Additionally, they understand the importance of quick response times, especially in emergency situations. With trained professionals and well-maintained equipment, you can trust that your vehicle will be handled with care.

Finding the Right Towing Company in Auckland

Choosing the right towing company in Auckland requires some consideration. While there are many options available, it’s important to select a company that offers reliable and affordable services. A good towing company in Auckland will have a reputation for professionalism, timely response, and transparent pricing. Look for companies that provide clear information about their services and costs upfront, so you know what to expect.

Experience and expertise are also key factors. Towing a vehicle, especially in challenging situations like accidents or off-road recoveries, requires skill and knowledge. Reputable towing companies in Auckland employ experienced drivers and use advanced equipment to ensure safe and efficient towing. Before making a decision, it’s a good idea to check online reviews and ask for recommendations from friends or family who have used towing services in the area.

Cheap Towing in South Auckland: Affordable Solutions for All

Affordability is a major consideration for many when choosing a towing service. Fortunately, there are several options for cheap towing in South Auckland that don’t compromise on quality. These services are designed to provide budget-friendly solutions for individuals who need reliable towing without breaking the bank.

Cheap towing in South Auckland doesn’t mean sacrificing service quality. Many companies offer competitive rates while still maintaining high standards of professionalism and customer care. Whether you need a simple tow or more specialized services, you can find a company that offers excellent value for your money.

Conclusion

When it comes to towing services in South Auckland, there are plenty of options to choose from. Whether you’re in need of quick assistance after a breakdown, looking for a reputable towing company in Auckland, or seeking affordable towing solutions, the local towing industry has you covered. By choosing a reliable and affordable service, you can ensure that your vehicle is handled with care and that you’re back on the road in no time. With the right South Auckland towing company by your side, you can face any roadside challenge with confidence.

[danipetersen]

DESN512 FORMATIVE PITCH DECK!

Introduction: 

My name is Danica Petersen and I am a communication design student who has developed an interest in design since year 12 in high school. I first discovered the subject design through high school when I returned to Auckland in 2022 and was curious if that was where my potential career path lay. I often avoided art, however, in year 12, I found an interest in digital design. I never had a clear idea on what I wanted to pursue in the future with the fear of regret, yet I always felt passionate about expressing my thoughts and feelings through something creative. While growing up I moved around numerous times, mainly in the countries New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, therefore I struggled to feel at home. However, returning to Auckland allowed me to experiment and play with my feelings through design. Although I always felt like a beginner in the field of design, there was a moment during my last year of high school when I submitted a poster for a competition and received the merit award (second highest award). This achievement encouraged me to continue design in university. Therefore, while starting university i have started to consider what career to pursue. I would hope to do something in relation to designing products and promoting companies.  

Rationale: 

The posters ‘New Beginnings’ and ‘Freedom is Peace’ both reflect my lived experience in Aotearoa today. I have chosen to represent my posters on my lived experience in Aotearoa today through peace, freedom, and new beginnings. Personally, I have never truly felt freedom until I came to New Zealand. Having the feeling of freedom makes me feel safe, and therefore at peace. Coming to New Zealand not only exposed me to many opportunities but opened up many new beginnings through those opportunities, such as meeting new people and learning a different curriculum in school. Hence, I have dedicated these two posters on how New Zealand has impacted me positively. The poster ‘New Beginnings’ includes two pieces of typography which were handwritten by myself to reflect the curvy and flexible nature of trees. Moreover, an arrow is positioned in the centre of the poster to convey that there are multiple directions in life and thus, lead to multiple new beginnings. In the poster ‘Freedom of Peace’ I have designed the typography to appear as if it is breaking. This conveys the phrase ‘breaking free’, as the pieces of the text literally ‘break free’ from ‘freedom’. I have incorporated soft pastel colours to reflect the calm and peaceful feeling freedom presents. 

[swldx]

RNZ Pacific 1344 25 Feb 2024

7390Khz 1259 25 FEB 2024 - RNZ PACIFIC (NEW ZEALAND) in ENGLISH from RANGITAIKI. SINPO = 55445. English, s/on w/bellbird int. until pips and news @1300z anchored by Peter McIlwaine. The government's move to outlaw gang patches in public places will only put more pressure on stretched frontline police officers, Labour says. Justice Minister Paul Goldsmith and Police Minister Mark Mitchell announced the policy, part of the coalition agreement between National and ACT, on Sunday in Auckland. Eugene Ryder, a social worker who was once a patched Black Power member, said the law would just drive gang activity "underground and behind closed doors". Ryder said Māori would be disproportionately affected given they made up about 80 percent of the country's two biggest gangs. The chief executive of Te Aitanga a Māhaki says he, and his iwi, have cut off all future engagement with Gisborne Mayor Rehette Stoltz. Willie Te Aho outlined his reasons in a mass email to council and media on Thursday. The reluctance to work with the mayor was effective immediately as Te Aho withdrew the iwi presence from the "Tairāwhiti Tomorrow Together" summit yesterday. "We will work with the council, just not the mayor," Te Aho told The Gisborne Herald. Invercargill Mayor who suffered heart attack will be back to work in a month. Donald Trump easily defeated Nikki Haley in South Carolina's Republican contest on Saturday, Edison Research projected, extending his winning streak as he marches toward a third consecutive presidential nomination and a rematch with Democratic President Joe Biden. A defiant Haley, who served as UN ambassador under Trump, insisted this week that she would sustain her campaign through at least "Super Tuesday" on 5 March, when Republicans in 15 states and one US territory will cast ballots. Zong Qinghou, a prominent Chinese business magnate with a rags-to-riches story, died on Sunday at 79 after "treatment for an illness proved ineffective," his company said. Sports. @1303z trailer for RNZ "Morning Report" . @1304z Weather Forecast: Rain, some heavy falls, easing later today. @1305z "All Night Programme" anchored by Peter McIlwaine. Backyard gutter antenna, Etón e1XM. 100kW, beamAz 35°, bearing 240°. Received at Plymouth, United States, 12912KM from transmitter at Rangitaiki. Local time: 0659.

[georgiafiaola504]

Draft

Share my pov about the role and importance of design. Could be for a specific social or cultural impact, audience or cause, gender issues and equality:

Design is important in society, it creates a face for companies, charities, groups, clubs in a way it helps people have a unified look to all identify under. For me specifically I think design is important because it is a way to visualize people's identities, digital collage making as one of my favorite ways to create work  for me as a pacific woman helps me visualize my identity to not just me but to other people as well.

What did you discover about the wider creative communities;

What entities or specific initiatives did you identify and examine? What drew you to these?

One of the initiatives i found that was made in South Auckland for South Auckland would be Period7, this is a initiative started by Geoffery Matautia it's for creatives all around south auckland to interact and get to know others as well as hosting a space for younger creatives to express themselves. What drew me to this one in particular is that I have been a part of this, I was able to find out about this space back when I was in Year 13, and it allowed me as a young creative to see who else is in the south auckland scene.

Did you survey or investigate specific organizations or structures, or publishing entities?

What are your aspirations in the next 3+ years? Are you drawn to agencies, in-house design studios, or freelancing activity?

I am not sure where I want to be in three plus years from now, I am looking into moving into web design, UE/UX design as something new to learn. But for my graphic design career I’m looking into freelance work, or possibly just moving and working wherever my graphic design skills will help better communities however that may look like.

[omgcashforscrapcars]

Convenient and Professional: Why Cash for Scrap Cars is the Ideal Choice for Selling Your Unwanted Vehicle

Have you become weary of staring at the rusted, aged automobile in your South Auckland driveway? It's time to act and discover its hidden worth by working with the area's top car wreckers near me, Cash for Scrap Cars. You may quickly convert your unwanted car into quick cash with our skilled services. Getting rid of your automobile privately or negotiating with shady purchasers can relieve you of the worry and difficulty involved. With Cash for Scrap Cars, you can expect a quick procedure that begins with a free examination and a competitive price based on the car's current market worth. If you decide to accept our offer, our knowledgeable staff will schedule a convenient collection time and give free removal services right from your site. We take all vehicles, regardless of brand, model, or state. As part of our commitment to appropriate disposal methods, we make sure that your automobile is recycled and disassembled in a way that is kind to the environment. With Cash for Scrap Cars, you may sell your automobile in a quick, easy, and transparent manner while also getting fast cash and peace of mind.

Why Choose Cash for Scrap Cars?

Instant Cash for Your Vehicle: We are aware of how valuable your time is and how pressing the need for immediate cash is. When you select Cash for Scrap Cars, you may anticipate receiving fast cash for your car. A fair and reasonable offer will be made to you right away once our team of professionals has evaluated the condition of your automobile. Say goodbye to drawn-out negotiations and weeks of waiting for payment. We see to it that you get your money right away.

All Makes and Models Accepted: We accept all sorts of automobiles, regardless of the brand, model, age, or condition of the car. We are interested in buying any kind of car you have, whether it's a sedan, hatchback, SUV, van, truck, or something else entirely. Don't let your old automobile lie idle and continue to lose value when you can easily turn it into fast cash.

Free Car Removal Services: We handle the full removal process when you sell your automobile to us. With all the tools and equipment required to tow your car securely, our crew will arrive at your place in South Auckland. Whether or not your automobile is moving, we manage the logistics and transportation, saving you the time, effort, and money associated with scheduling towing services.

Environmentally Friendly Disposal: Environmentally friendly practices are a top priority at Cash for Scrap Cars. When we buy your old car, we make sure it goes through the right recycling and disposal procedures. We collaborate with authorized recycling facilities and deconstruction companies that follow rigorous environmental rules. By deciding on us, you support environmentally friendly practices and lessen their negative effects.

Streamlined and Transparent Process: We prioritize giving our clients a straightforward and hassle-free experience. From the car examination to the paperwork completion, our experts will walk you through the entire procedure. We make sure you are informed and at ease during the transaction by breaking down each step and responding to any questions you might have.

How It Works:

It's an easy and simple process to sell your old automobile to Cash for Scrap Cars. This is how it goes:

Contact Us: Call, email, or visit our website to get in contact with our staff. Please tell us the brand, model, year, and general condition of your automobile, as well as any other pertinent information. The more details you provide us, the more precise our initial estimate will be.

Free Evaluation and Quote: Our specialists will assess your car's condition and market worth once we get the specifics. Based on this evaluation, we will offer you a cost-free, no-obligation price. Our pricing is fair and in line with what the market is now willing to pay for junk cars.

Accept the Offer: Accepting our offer will allow us to continue the procedure if you are pleased with it. Our staff will be sent to pick up your vehicle at a time that is convenient for you. We try to work around your schedule because we recognize that it could be hectic.

Vehicle Pickup: Our qualified personnel will show up at your car wreckers South Auckland address on the day specified. We are equipped to remove and haul your vehicle securely because we are prepared. No matter where you have your automobile parked—in the driveway, garage, or somewhere else—we'll take care of the pickup without any fuss.

Instant Payment: We'll finish the paperwork and complete the transaction when we've picked up your automobile. You'll get paid right away in cash, making the transaction quick and easy. There are no unforeseen costs or delays; we just pay you promptly for your old vehicle.

What Happens Next?

Our job continues after we acquire custody of your automobile. Every car we buy will have its worth maximized as part of our commitment. Here is what follows:

Environmentally Friendly Disposal: We recognize the significance of ethical recycling and disposal procedures. We make sure your automobile goes through an environmentally responsible process when we transport it to our facility. We collaborate with reputable recycling facilities and dismantlers who follow rigorous environmental guidelines. The automobile will be disassembled, and the salvageable components will be sold or used in new ways. The remainder of the materials will be properly recycled to reduce waste and its negative effects on the environment.

Parts Salvage and Sales: We will extract any good-condition salvageable components from your automobile so they may be sold separately. Many auto technicians and owners are looking for inexpensive secondhand components, and we provide them with a practical answer. We help to lower the need for new components, save resources, and provide car owners accessible choices by recovering and selling usable parts.

Recycling of Scrap Materials: Not every part of a car may be recovered or sold again. We do make sure that these materials are appropriately recycled, though. Parts made of plastic, rubber, glass, and metal are separated before being transferred to specialized recycling facilities. We reduce the negative effects on the environment and encourage a sustainable method of waste management through ethical recycling.

Conclusion

When it comes to sell broken car that are used, damaged, the leading car wreckers South Auckland company like Cash for Scrap Cars is your reliable partner. We make the process simple and profitable with our fast cash offers, free automobile removal services, and dedication to ecologically safe disposal. Lock in your old car's hidden worth today to start earning fast cash and stop it from further depreciating. Experience our effective and honest auto wrecking services by contacting Cash for Scrap Cars. Join the growing number of happy customers who have sold their unwanted cars for cash, helping to create a cleaner and greener environment in the process.

Source URL:- Convenient and Professional: Why Cash for Scrap Cars is the Ideal Choice for Selling Your Unwanted Vehicle

[ourjapanesecarremovals]

SOME TIPS TO CHOOSE AUCKLAND CAR WRECKERS

INTRODUCTION:

Get paid to scrap your old automobile at a wrecking yard in Auckland. Region of South Auckland car wreckers to eliminate an old vehicle is a practical solution. We purchase auto components and resell them to the general public at a far lower cost. It’s a terrific method to get rid of junk cars or get some cash for repairs. Rather than worrying about buying a new part, you can purchase one with the peace of mind that comes with a warranty from one of these wreckers. Additionally, we contribute to economic growth by reducing the number of abandoned vehicles and boosting employment.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS TO KEEP IN MIND WHILE SEARCHING FOR A WRECKING CREW ARE:

Before doing business with any company, verify its legitimacy. Check out their current standing, internet reviews, and consumer feedback. It would help if you also inquired about the company’s response speed, environmental philosophy, and robust design. Remember that picking a trustworthy firm is essential because you can only rely on one you’ve heard of.

As a result, be bold about asking a wrecker to look over your vehicle. For free, most auto dismantlers will check over the car before giving it away. By doing so, they can make sure the vehicle is in good shape and fix it if it breaks down.

Once you’ve located a reliable wrecking service, it’s time to begin bargaining. To conclude the transaction, you must first establish the worth of your vehicle. After getting a price, it’s time to phone the CarRemovals to schedule a pickup. We will offer you cash after doing a free inspection of your car. Whether you sell your old car or a rubbish car, you can choose buyers.

Finding a reliable auto dismantler should be easy. Shopping around for the most terrific deal by comparing available services is essential. Please don’t be shy about haggling with wreckers to receive the most money for your vehicle so that you may strike a fair deal with them when the time comes.

Find reliable auto dismantlers in Auckland, NZ, and they’ll pay you a reasonable price for your car. Once you’ve decided on Auckland car wreckers, you may start talking about the finer points of the deal with them. In other words, after you’ve settled on a price, you’re good to go with the sale of your car. Hiring a professional wrecking service is your best bet if you want to get the most money for your old car.

Using Car Removals to sell your old car has several benefits. For starters, we have a fantastic bargain for any car. It’s also an effective strategy for moving a vehicle quickly. The wrecker will offer you a reasonable price depending on the state of your car.

It’s crucial to find reputable Auckland car wreckers you can trust. They ought to know to assess your car’s condition, and you should believe in their verdict. Some typical pitfalls should be avoided while selling a car. You should choose a reputable wrecker if you need to know what to look for in one.

HOW TO FIND THE BEST AUCKLAND CAR WRECKERS

You Should Look into Various Businesses and Compare Their Prices:

Examine various online resources, local print media outlets, and junkyards in your area. The city of Auckland is home to a large number of auto dismantlers who will pay cash for cars South Auckland. They’ll give you an estimate based on the condition of your old car. You can get an estimate from the comfort of your own home by filling out an online form, which many auto recycling businesses offer.

Those who pay in cash should be your top choice:

Selling an automobile to a wrecking yard should be easy, especially since some yards provide cash for cars South Auckland. On the other hand, reputable auto wreckers and car removal services pay in cash upon completion of the transaction.

Remove Your Junk Car for No Cost:

The most formidable challenge is towing away a broken-down, ancient car. It’s a massive obstacle in the way of sell your old car. Selling to a junkyard is preferable since they have the facilities and equipment to disassemble and recycle vehicles properly. However, the owner has an uphill battle getting it there for this purpose. It’s important to note that many junk car removal firms remove vehicles for free. Therefore, it is recommended that you go with a company that provides free removal services because doing so will save you money and reduce your stress throughout the procedure.

CONCLUSION

Different auto dismantlers in Adelaide charge varying amounts for their services. Because of this, it recommended that you first conduct a thorough investigation. Keep in mind that when it comes to Auckland car wreckers, cheaper is sometimes better. The car’s current worth, the cost of the usable parts, and the price of the car should all be factored into your estimate. You must pay attention to those aspects. If the situation is dire enough, you might not even be able to acquire an appraisal from a wrecker.

Source URL:- Some Tips To Choose Auckland Car Wreckers

[esteemcartraders]

Saving Money: The Ultimate Guide to Buying an Old Car

Kudos to you that you’ve opted for used cars for sale South Auckland.

Looking to save some bucks on your next vehicle purchase? Consider buying an old car! Contrary to popular belief, opting for a pre-owned vehicle can be a smart financial move. In this blog post, we will explore practical tips and tricks to help you save money while buying an old car without compromising on quality or reliability.

Lower Purchase Price

The most obvious advantage of buying an old car is the significantly lower purchase price compared to a brand new vehicle. New cars lose value as soon as they are driven off the lot, which means buying used allows you to skip this initial depreciation. With the same budget, you can often afford a higher-end model or a vehicle from second hand car dealers South Auckland with better features and options by choosing a pre-owned car. By selecting an older model, you can find reliable transportation at a fraction of the cost.

Lower Insurance Costs

Insurance premiums are typically based on the value of your vehicle. Since an old car has a lower market value, it can significantly reduce your insurance costs. Insurance companies generally charge higher rates for new or luxury vehicles due to their higher repair and replacement costs. By opting for an older car, you can enjoy substantial savings on your insurance premiums without compromising on coverage. Remember to shop around and compare quotes from different insurance providers to ensure you get the best deal.

Reduced Depreciation

As mentioned earlier, new cars experience rapid depreciation in their first few years. On average, a new car can lose up to 20% of its value in the first year alone. By choosing an older car, you avoid this initial drop in value. The rate of depreciation also tends to stabilize as the car gets older. While all vehicles experience some depreciation, an older car from used car dealers West Auckland will generally hold its value better than a new one. This can help you protect your investment and potentially sell the vehicle later with minimal loss.

Lower Registration and Taxes

Registration fees and taxes are often tied to the value of the vehicle. When you buy an old car, you can expect to pay lower registration fees and taxes since the assessed value is lower. Depending on your location, this can result in substantial savings over time. Be sure to check with your local department of motor vehicles or relevant authority to understand the specific registration and tax requirements in your area. By choosing an older vehicle, you can keep some extra bucks in your pocket. For more information on used car loans South Auckland, contact us.

Conclusion

Buying an old car is a practical way to save money without compromising on quality or reliability. The lower purchase price, reduced insurance costs, minimized depreciation, and lower registration fees all contribute to significant savings. So, if you're in the market for a vehicle, consider going the pre-owned route and enjoy the financial benefits it offers.

[tri-nationsmigration]

Moving With Children To Australia Tips On How To Make It Easier

In this article, we’ll check out a few of the countries that South Africans are heading to simply as quickly as they can. We’ll additionally touch on the other ways of immigrating and how to plan a relocation when moving house abroad. Another question we’re usually requested is when to inform the children. The older the kid, with youngsters particularly, you must tell them pretty properly upfront.

Choosing a reliable moving firm is important to a stress-free transfer. That’s why Biddulphs International prides itself on persistently maintaining the very best requirements in the trade and aligning itself with accredited companions and business associations. Chancellor OIaf Scholz stated in a video message Saturday that Germany has long moving to australia since turn into “the nation of hope” for many, and it`s an excellent thing when individuals who have put down roots within the country decide to take citizenship. “Germany wants higher rules for the naturalization of all these nice women and men,” Scholz stated....

We have perfected the art of packing, wrapping and the moving of individuals's prized possessions. Including automobiles, works of art, fantastic china and lots of extra delicate effects. With more than 2000 high class overseas agents you can be assured of all the data and experience required to maneuver you securely.

The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian tradition. The culture of the United States has also been extremely influential, notably by way of tv and cinema. Other cultural influences come from neighbouring Asian nations, and through large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking nations. Intergate Emigration operates out of South Africa and Germany. We have a variety of licensed immigration advisers for both New Zealand and Australia.

For youngsters additionally, you will need to think about education options. Everyone has a unique purpose for wanting to to migrate and needs weigh up their very own professionals and cons on this scenario. For essentially the most half the underlying desire to move appears to stem from hope for a greater future and extra options, whether financially or peace of thoughts in phrases of safety. Many folks have heard of the Golden Visa programme previously. It is the option to buy your residency for a specific nation outright and the simplest and fastest method to get residency in another country. If emigration has crossed your thoughts of late we have gathered a couple of suggestions to help you get started together with your investigation.

However, with relocation inside the borders of South Africa, the state of affairs could technically be completely different. VetCross presents a aggressive package deal with flexible working hours to make sure an excellent work/ life steadiness with coaching opportunities obtainable across the VetCross Group. Requires the providers of two qualified SAVC registered equine veterinarians to be primarily south africa to australia immigration based at our Summerveld follow and on rotation when needed in Cape Town or Johannesburg. We are a three-vet small animal apply in Durbanville with no on name. The Veterinary Surgery, one of many oldest practices in Doha, Qatar, ; is on the lookout for a small-animal vet fluent in English, culturally competent with 5 years’ experience. We supply tax-free wage, lodging, medical insurance coverage, transportation and one month of paid trip.

New Zealand’s big companies are concentrated principally in and round Auckland. Another utility all of us surely think about as basic nowadays is the web. The worth for uncapped information over ADSL or a cable at 60mbps or more, will value nearly the identical in both countries. We work in synergy with the elite in freight and worldwide transportation. We can present a selection of companies pertaining to Australian relocation.

To be eligible for one, you have to have greater than $500,000 in property and a $65,000 income. A expert migration visa allows a person moving to Australia to stay and work in the nation for an indefinite time period. Once a visa has been granted, South Africans can start the process of moving to Australia. This can involve arranging for transportation, discovering lodging, and making use of for a job. South Africans who're moving to Australia with family also can enrol their children in class and arrange for medical insurance.

You might need to have a Statement of Purpose to indicate real intention to study. Before applying for a student visa, you have to be enrolled in an approved course of study in Australia. If you need assistance with choosing and applying to a university in Australia, you presumably immigrate to australia can contact our Study Abroad advisors. This visa is often referred to as the fiancé visa and is used by single individuals who can not show that they've cohabited for 12 months. Once you've held this visa for four years, you could be eligible to apply for citizenship.

[aucklandmoverspacker]

Auckland Movers Packers follows and encompass each and every guideline or terms defined by necessary regulatory bodies for removalists in Auckland. We are capable of solving all your moving day needs because we are a well known and experienced removalist in Auckland. Here is the range of services that you will get with us.

[anytimemovers1]

Piano Movers Hillsborough

Any Time Movers are specialists in furniture and office relocations in Auckland, throughout the North Island and Nationwide.

Any Time Movers moves furniture and goods from homes, apartments and other residential properties, throughout Auckland and nationwide.  

Whether you’re buying or selling, Any Time Movers makes the delivery of TradeMe goods easy. If you’re planning on moving and want to do your own packing, or you have one item you want packed, then Any Time Movers has a full range of packing products available for you to purchase. For More Details Visit :- https://anytimemovers.nz/

[autofixtowingnz]

Your Guide to Finding the Best Towing Services in Auckland

When your vehicle breaks down or you need to move it for any reason, finding a reliable towing service is crucial. Whether you’re looking for a private towing company, cheap towing in South Auckland, or comprehensive towing services in Auckland, this guide will help you find the best options to suit your needs.

Private Towing Company

A private towing company can offer personalized and dedicated services. These companies are often family-owned or locally operated, providing a more personal touch than larger corporations. They tend to have quicker response times and more flexible service options. Here are some benefits of choosing a private towing company:

Personalized Service: Private towing companies often go the extra mile to ensure customer satisfaction.

Local Knowledge: Being locally based, they have a better understanding of the area, which can result in faster service.

Flexibility: They can often tailor their services to meet your specific needs.

Cheap Towing in South Auckland

If you’re looking for affordable towing services, South Auckland has several options that won’t break the bank. Here are some tips to find cheap towing:

Compare Rates: Get quotes from multiple towing companies to find the best price.

Check for Discounts: Some companies offer discounts for online bookings, memberships, or repeat customers.

Read Reviews: Customer reviews can give you insights into the quality of service and whether the company offers good value for money.

Towing Company Auckland

When searching for a towing company in Auckland, you’ll want a provider that offers reliable, efficient, and professional services. Here’s what to look for:

24/7 Availability: Emergencies can happen at any time, so it’s essential to choose a company that operates around the clock.

Range of Services: Ensure the company offers a variety of towing services, including emergency towing, accident recovery, and roadside assistance.

Professionalism: The company should have well-trained staff and maintain their equipment to high standards.

Towing Services in Auckland

A comprehensive towing service in Auckland should cover all your needs, from emergency breakdown assistance to scheduled vehicle transport. Here are some common towing services you might need:

Emergency Towing: Quick response for breakdowns or accidents.

Roadside Assistance: Help with flat tires, dead batteries, and lockouts.

Long-Distance Towing: Transporting your vehicle over longer distances.

Heavy-Duty Towing: Specialized towing for larger vehicles like trucks and buses.

Recommended Towing Services in Auckland

ABC Towing: Known for their prompt service and affordable rates, especially in South Auckland.

Auckland Towing Services: Offers a wide range of towing and roadside assistance services with 24/7 availability.

Quick Tow: A private towing company that provides personalized services with a focus on customer satisfaction.

Conclusion

Finding the right towing service in Auckland involves considering factors like cost, reliability, and the range of services offered. Whether you need a private towing company, cheap towing in South Auckland, or comprehensive towing services throughout Auckland, there are plenty of options available to meet your needs. Remember to compare rates, read reviews, and choose a company that offers the services you require. By doing so, you can ensure that you get the best possible service when you need it most.

[greatworldwar2]

• 28th Māori Battalion

The 28th (Māori) Battalion, more commonly known as the Māori Battalion, was an infantry battalion of the New Zealand Army that served during the Second World War.

The 28th (Māori) Battalion had its origins before the start of the Second World War. In mid-1939, as war in Europe began to be seen as inevitable, Sir Āpirana Ngata started to discuss proposals for the formation of a military unit made up of Māori volunteers similar to the Māori Pioneer Battalion that had served during the First World War. This proposal was furthered by two Māori MPs, Eruera Tirikatene and Paraire Paikea, and from this support within the Māori community for the idea began to grow as it was seen as an opportunity for Māori to participate as citizens of the British Empire. At first the New Zealand government was hesitant, but on October 4th, the decision was announced that the proposal would be accepted and that the battalion would be raised in addition to the nine battalions and support units that had already been formed into three brigades of the 2nd New Zealand Division. Nevertheless, it was decided that the battalion's key positions, including its officers, non-commissioned officers (NCOs) and signallers, would initially be filled largely by New Zealanders of European descent. This decision was met with some consternation, so assurances were made that over time suitable Māori candidates would take over these positions. In this regard, it was decided that the battalion's first commanding officer would be a regular officer, Major George Dittmer later promoted to lieutenant colonel in January 1940 and that his second-in-command would be a Reserve officer, Lieutenant Colonel George Bertrand, a part-Māori who would take up the position with the rank of major.

Almost immediately effort was focused upon selecting and identifying the officers and NCOs. To this end volunteers were called for among units that had already formed as part of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) and from new recruits. At the end of November, 146 trainees reported to the Army School at Trentham, where even serving officers and NCOs were required to prove their suitability for positions in the new battalion. Concurrently, recruiting of men to fill the other ranks positions began in early October and within three weeks nearly 900 men had enlisted. The process was carried out by recruiting officers who worked closely with tribal authorities, and the recruits were restricted to single men aged between 21 and 35, although later married men were allowed to join, but only if they did not have more than two children, of similar ages. On January 26th, 1940 the battalion came together for the first time, marking its official raising at the Palmerston North Show Grounds. Upon formation it was decided that the battalion would be organised upon tribal lines. The unit consisted of a headquarters company and four rifle companies, designated 'A' through 'D': 'A' Company (Kamupene ā – Ngā Kiri Kapia – the Gumdiggers) was recruited from the Northland to Auckland ; 'B' Company (Kamupene B – Ngā Ruku Kapa – Penny Divers) from Rotorua, the Bay of Plenty and Thames–Coromandel; 'C' Company (Kamupene C – Ngā kaupoi – The Cowboys) from the East Coast from Gisborne to East Cape and 'D' Company (Ngāti Walkabout) from Waikato, Maniapoto, Hawkes Bay, Wellington and the South Island, as well as some Pacific Islands and the Chatham and Stewart Islands.

February saw the issuing of equipment and the commencement of training; punctuated by medical inspections and dental treatment as well as ceremonial duties. A lack of previous experience in technical trades also hampered the battalion's training, as the unit was short of men who were able to serve in roles such as clerks, drivers and signallers – most personnel were drawn from mainly rural backgrounds. Consequently, candidates for these roles had to be trained from scratch. The organisation of the battalion was finally completed in March, when the men were allocated to their respective companies, and on March 13th, 1940 the 28th (Māori) Battalion was declared on active service. After 14 days leave, the battalion conducted a five-week concentration period before embarking on May 1th, 1940. The battalion's strength at this time was 39 officers and 642 other ranks. Sailing upon the Aquitania via Fremantle and Cape Town, the battalion arrived at Gourock, Scotland, after six weeks at sea. Initially they had been destined to join the rest of the 2nd New Zealand Division in the Middle East, but due to concerns about a possible invasion of the United Kingdom by the German Wehrmacht, the decision was made to divert the division's second echelon, a brigade-sized force that included the 28th (Māori) Battalion, to Britain to help bolster the island's defences. In late June or early July 1940 the 28th (Māori) Battalion was attached to a mixed brigade under Brigadier Harold Barrowclough. During this time they manned defences in the south of England and undertook further training. The battalion suffered from a lack of equipment, largely due to the priority given to re-equip British units following the losses suffered by the British Expeditionary Force in France, and consequently training was largely focused upon anti-gas procedures and route marching. On July 6th they were inspected by King George VI and he was said to have been impressed by the "smartness of the close order and arms drill of the Māori Battalion" and "by the fine physique, keenness and determined demeanour" of the men.

Shortly afterwards the Mixed Brigade began quick deployment and defensive manoeuvres in earnest, as fears of invasion grew. In between exercises, further training was undertaken and the battalion also worked to improve fixed defences throughout July, August and into September. In September, a divisional review was undertaken and amidst massive German air raids upon London, the New Zealanders were declared to be ready for front-line service in the event of a German landing. Warning orders for deployment to Egypt were cancelled and the New Zealanders were placed under command of XII Corps, taking up defensive positions in the Folkestone–Dover region. In October, the Māori Battalion was attached to "Milforce", under Dittmer's command, along with a squadron of tanks, a squadron of cavalry and a medium machine gun company. Later in the month, the battalion received the order to begin preparing for redeployment to Egypt and an advance party was dispatched in mid-December. On January 7th, 1941 the rest of the battalion left for the Middle East. After sailing via Freetown, Cape Town and Durban, the Athlone Castle sailed up the east coast of Africa and entered the Suez Canal, arriving at Tewfik harbour on March 3rd, 1941. In the afternoon the battalion entrained and two days later they arrived in the desert, where they were met by motor transport which carried them to camp Garawi, about 20 miles (32 km) from Cairo. At this point they were met by about 300 reinforcements which were used to replace men who had been laid down with influenza and to bring the battalion up to a higher establishment. Shortly afterwards they were moved to Alexandria, where they embarked on the Cameronia, bound for Greece.

On April 6th the German invasion of Greece and Yugoslavia began. In order to help defend Greece, a composite force of three divisions of Australian, British and New Zealand troops were to be deployed, and were grouped together under the title of 'W' Force. However, by the time the invasion began only two of the three divisions had arrived, and the New Zealanders were consequently spread thin, holding a position to the north of Katerini, where they were tasked to defend the strategic Olympus Pass to the south. During this time, the 28th (Māori) Battalion was attached to the 5th Infantry Brigade, which was later grouped with other Australian and New Zealand units to form the Anzac Corps. Vastly outnumbered, within two days the situation for the Allies was not good as the Germans had broken through the defences along the Bulgarian border and the Yugoslav resistance had collapsed. As the situation worsened, orders came down from brigade headquarters that the passes would be held "to the last man and last round".

On April 9th, the fall of Salonika precipitated the order for the battalion to withdraw from their positions at Katerini south to Olympus. As events unfolded elsewhere, the battalion remained in position, digging in and constructing defences until April 12th when they were ordered to withdraw behind the Mavroneri Gorge and reposition themselves on the western aspect. At this time the 5th Infantry Brigade's orders were changed from a holding action to a delay and withdrawal. It was in the Petra Pass, alongside the 22nd Battalion, that the 28th Battalion fought its first engagement of the war. In preparation for the coming attack, the Māori built their position, running out barbed and concertina wire and digging in while German bombers droned overhead. As German forces were halted at Platamon by the 21st Battalion, thrusts towards Larisa once again put the battalion's position in doubt and they were again ordered to withdraw. In the end the Māori remained in position until April 17th. Throughout the previous two days the battalion worked hard to repel repeated attempts by elements of the German 2nd Infantry Regiment to infiltrate their lines, before they finally received the order to fall back. Withdrawing over difficult terrain towards the pass, the manoeuvre continued into the night as the Germans continued to harass their rearguard units. The move was carried out with considerable urgency because the intention was to blow a bridge up just after the battalion had withdrawn across it in order to delay the German advance. In the end the battalion only just made it. After meeting motor transport, the battalion moved back to Ay Dhimitrios, which they began to prepare to defend in order to help seal off the exit of the Olympus pass. The withdrawal continued, though, and on April 19th the Māori Battalion was called upon to conduct a delaying action as the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade pulled back through Larisa towards Lamia, 80 miles (130 km) south. Here they took up position in a marsh and as they made preparations for its defence, on April 22nd, in Athens, the decision was made that the units of the British Commonwealth forces would be withdrawn from the country.

Over the course of the next two days, the battalion withdrew towards Athens, where they arrived in the early morning on April 24th. They continued on to the beach at Porto Rafti, destroying their vehicles and other equipment as they went. In the confusion of orders and counter orders, the battalion's carrier and mortar platoons had gotten separated from the rest of the unit. By 9:00 pm on April 24th when the final move to the beach commenced they still had not arrived. Of the various groups that had become detached from the battalion, some were able to make their own way to the embarkation beaches, but a number of them were ultimately captured. The battalion's casualties in Greece were 10 killed or died of wounds, six wounded, 83 captured, 11 wounded and captured. After being evacuated from Greece, the Māori Battalion embarked upon the landing ship, infantry HMS Glengyle and was taken to Crete where they formed part of the island's hastily formed garrison. On May 20th, 1941, the Germans launched the opening stages of their campaign with large-scale glider and parachute drops of troops from Maleme to Canea. The landings were focused around the airfield and no troops landed in the area being held by the Māori, nevertheless, a small force of glider troops were found to be occupying a house on the beach about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from them. A platoon was dispatched to attack them and after a brief fire-fight in which two New Zealanders were wounded and eight Germans were killed, the 10 remaining men in the house surrendered. The main German attack was focused upon the 22nd Battalion which was defending the airfield. Hard pressed, late in the day the 22nd requested reinforcements and the 5th Infantry Brigade commander, Brigadier J. Hargest, sent one company from the 23rd and one from the 28th. The task was given to 'B' Company and, as the company commander only knew the direct route, they had a night approach march of over 8 miles (13 km) to cover. During the march they came in contact with a platoon-sized force of Germans which briefly held up the company before reinforcements could arrive.

The German force surrendered, but in doing so one of their number threw a grenade at the New Zealanders, wounding two men. In response the Māori fixed bayonets and carried out the first bayonet charge by a New Zealand force during the war, killing 24. A short while later they killed another eight in a separate engagement. Continuing on towards the 22nd Battalion, they bumped into a number of small pockets of Germans before eventually linking up with the 22nd Battalion's headquarters where they were told to return to their own lines as the decision had been made to withdraw. Eleven hours later the company reported back to the 28th Battalion's lines. Over the course of the next ten days the battalion was involved in a series of engagements as they fought to defend the island, with the most notable probably being the bayonet charge that they undertook with the Australian 2/7th Battalion at 42nd Street on May 27th, in which 280 Germans were killed, with the Māori accounting for 100. However, it soon became clear that the garrison on Crete would need to be evacuated and on 28 May the bulk of Creforce began to disengage the Germans and begin the retreat towards Sfakia. The 5th Infantry Brigade took turns with two Australian battalions and the commandos of Layforce to carry out a rearguard action to guard the pass through which the troops had to traverse in order to escape. On May 30th, the final order was received, although due to shipping losses it was not possible to evacuate everyone. In order to maintain fairness, each battalion was allotted a certain number of men who would have to remain and defend the embarkation beaches to allow the others to get away. The 28th Battalion was allocated 230 men to embark, while six officers and 144 men would have to stay behind. A large number of men volunteered to remain, and at midnight the remainder headed down to the beach and were taken off on a landing ship two hours later. The battalion suffered 243 casualties during the brief defence of the island, including 74 men killed and 102 men wounded.

After their escape from Crete, the 28th (Māori) Battalion was evacuated to Egypt where they were re-issued with summer uniforms and began to receive reinforcements. In June they carried out a ceremonial parade for King George VI and the Queen, and the commander of the 2nd New Zealand Division, Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg. Throughout July, the battalion undertook desert familiarisation training before moving to Kabrit where they concentrated with the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade for a three-week combined operations exercise. Later, in August, they moved to a position 20 miles (32 km) west of El Alamein, known as the "Kaponga Box" where throughout September and into October they undertook the unfamiliar task of road construction. In October, the brigade received orders to link up with the rest of the division in preparation for their commitment to the battle along the frontier. Their first task was to capture the seaside town of Sollum, which was taken on 23 November from its Italian garrison with only a few casualties. Follow-up artillery inflicted 18 killed and 33 wounded. Two hundred and forty-seven Italian prisoners were taken. Following this, the 5th Infantry Brigade was placed under the command of the 4th Indian Division and the 28th Battalion took up positions near Bardia. Three days later the battalion attacked a column of tanks and motorised infantry before ambushing a column at Menastir on 3 December. Later, notable actions were undertaken at Gazala and at Sidi Magreb where over 1,000 Italians prisoners were captured. Following this, the battalion was deployed to Syria before returning to Egypt in June 1942. Now officially under the command of a Māori for the first time Lieutenant Colonel Eruera Love.the Māori took part in the 2nd New Zealand Division's breakout from Minqar Qaim, undertaking a successful bayonet charge. At this time, the battalion's skills with the bayonet earned them a reputation as "scalp hunters" among German commanders, including Rommel. In September and October the battalion took part in important actions as part of the offensive in the Munassib Depression and at Miteiriya Ridge during the Second Battle of El Alamein. In November the battalion supported the final breakthrough by Allied forces that decided the outcome of the battle. Nevertheless, the battalion remained in the fighting and in March 1943, at Medenine it undertook a defensive role before switching to the offensive at Point 209 in the Tebaga Gap, where it was responsible for almost completely destroying a German panzer grenadier battalion. Two weeks later, on the night April 20th, 1943, the battalion took part in the 5th Infantry Brigade's attack on the Tunisian village of Takrouna. The village was situated atop a steep slope, and the attack stalled due to heavy concentrations of indirect fire and landmines, which wounded a number of men. The battalion returned to Egypt with the 5th Infantry Brigade in late-May and underwent a period of refit and retraining, during which the bulk of the original unit was given three months leave and returned to New Zealand.

Having taken no part in the Allied invasion of Sicily in July August, the 2nd New Zealand Division was committed to battle again in late 1943 as part of Eighth Army during the Italian Campaign. The Māori Battalion subsequently arrived in Italy on October 22nd, landing at Taranto. 5th Infantry Brigade undertook a period of training in close-country tactics, remaining in camp at Taranto until 18 November when it was ordered to move north 250 miles (400 km) to join the Eighth Army. The 2nd New Zealand Division had moved into the front line in November in order to relieve the 8th Indian Division and would take part in the advance across the Sangro planned for the end of the month. The brigade subsequently occupied positions around Atessa, with the Māori Battalion in brigade reserve, occupying a series of low hills which formed the Sangro river valley. During December the 2nd New Zealand Division took part in the Moro River Campaign. By this time the attacking battalions had exploited forward towards the Winter Line and the Māori Battalion moved forward by truck on December 1st, crossing the Sangro. Heavy congestion on the road delayed the battalion's movements, and although scheduled to assault towards Elici, they arrived to find the 23rd Battalion and the Division Cavalry had already completed the task. The Māori were again ordered into reserve, occupying positions 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Castelfrentano. As part of the Fifth Army's advance up the Liri valley, the Māori Battalion's next major engagement came in early 1944 when they took part in the fighting around Monte Cassino. The position at Cassino was dominated by an historic Benedictine monastery. Throughout January the Allies continued their advance, but as they were checked by the German positions at Cassino the advance stalled. They met very stiff resistance, and although they managed to reach the railway station they were unable to wrest control of it from its defenders. Lacking armoured support, which had failed to arrive, they fought through the morning and into the afternoon, but when their position was assaulted by two German tanks they were forced to withdraw. In March they were again involved in fighting around Cassino, however, it was not until May that the position was eventually captured, by which time the New Zealanders had been withdrawn from the line, and transferred back to the Eighth Army.

In April 1945 the battalion returned to the front line to take part in the final stages of the war. On April 1th, the battalion entered the line near Granarolo along with the rest of the 5th Infantry Brigade and for the next month they were involved in five main battles along the Senio, Santerno, Sillaro, Gaiana and Idice rivers as the Allies pursued the Germans back towards Trieste. It was in Trieste that the Māori Battalion's war came to an end. Their involvement in the final stages of the fighting in Italy had cost them 25 killed and 117 wounded, while losses for the entire Italian campaign were 230 men killed, and 887 wounded. On May 2nd, 1945 news was received that all German forces west of the Isonzo River had surrendered. While this did not officially end the fighting in Italy, it was all but over. Five days later, on the night of May 7th, the battalion received the news that Germany had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, and that the war in Europe was over. Nevertheless, tensions remained high and concerns about the intentions of Yugoslavia regarding the disputed province of Istria meant that the 28th (Māori) Battalion remained on high alert. This continued until early June when an agreement was reached and Yugoslavia withdrew its troops east of the Isonzo River. Following this the routine of the battalion became more settled. Afterwards, preparations began for the battalion's return to New Zealand. The war with Japan continued however, and at the time it was believed that the Māori would take part in further operations in the Pacific. New Zealand policy at the time was that long serving men were to be repatriated and their places taken by men with less time in service. In this regard, commencing in late May, drafts of men departed in the order of their arrival at the battalion. On 15 August 1945 news was received of Japan's unconditional surrender, ending plans for the battalion to take part in further combat in the Pacific. In September it was decided that as part of the departure of New Zealand troops from the theatre, memorial services would be held at the locations of the division's major battles. The last batch of long service men had departed shortly after the battalion's arrival at Lake Trasimene.

Throughout the course of the war, 3,600 men served in the battalion. Of these, 649 were killed or died of wounds while another 1,712 were wounded. Another 29 died as a result of service following discharge, while two were killed by accident during training in New Zealand. The Māori Battalion's service against the Germans in North Africa earned them a distinguished reputation. Such was the respect that Allied commanders had for the Māori Battalion that they were frequently used as a spearhead unit. Bernard Freyberg, the General Officer Commanding of the 2NZEF, commented, "No infantry had a more distinguished record, or saw more fighting, or, alas, had such heavy casualties, as the Maori Battalion." The battalion's reputation was also acknowledged by their opponents. Some sources state that the Afrika Korps commander, Erwin Rommel remarked,"Give me the Maori Battalion and I will conquer the world".

[cyberneticpeoplespolis]

Understanding Unequal Exchange: How does trade imperialism affect the global working class?

This article originally appeared on Anticonquista, an Anti-Imperialist Media outlet for the Latin American and Caribbean Diaspora. This is my attempt to write an accessible explainer on the issue of Unequal Exchange, using some examples from the Pacific and New Zealand to illustrate the sometimes equation-heavy theory.

I was initially inspired to write this explainer by Abdul Nasir’s reexamination of Dependency Theory. It is wonderful to see the fruitful and diverse theories of Imperialism of the late 20th century being revived and discussed on Anticonquista. We must do all we can to resume the important debates that were muted by the collapse of global workers’ institutions at the close of the last century, and overcome the grey orthodoxy that has reasserted itself in radical critiques of imperialism.

Unequal exchange was once considered one of the most important new developments in imperialism studies of the 20th century. The theory, first proposed by French-Greek theorist and resistance fighter Arghiri Emmanuel in the 1960s, was quickly taken up by many of the underdevelopment and imperialism theorists of the day, from Walter Rodney to Samir Amin. Dependency theorists like Andre Gunder Frank had proven that the imperialism had developed to a point where empire was best understood not in terms of capital exports from the core (as in Hobson, Bukharin, Hilferding and Lenin’s models), but in terms of the wealth extracted from the periphery. However, they were not always clear on how this wealth was generated. Emmanuel was the first to propose an original theory of where exactly that extracted wealth came from. This was the theory of unequal exchange, the idea that the bulk of imperialist superprofits stemmed not from monopolies, noncompetition or securing captive markets, but rather from the difference in wages between nations.

To Emmanuel, Marx’s factors of production were not only fixed quantities of labour and material inputs, they also represented the stake each class holds in the total surplus value produced by a society (whether this stake is recognised is another matter). A given quantity of labour hours invested in production represents a stake workers hold over an end product, while a given quantity of raw materials or fixed capital represents the stake a capitalist holds.

In pre-capitalist artisanal production, the labourer is the only one who holds a stake over the end product of their labour. The labourer controls both the tools and the resources required for production, and can work whenever they choose. The labourer can move freely between industries, and will move to whichever one yields the best prices. Many artisans will move into an industry if the prices are very high, and begin producing greater quantities of that commodity, forcing prices down. In pre-capitalist production, the market will reward labourers for fulfilling particular needs, and that reward falls in relation to the degree that need is met, and so wages and profitability both equalise freely.

All that changes in a society with two classes involved in production. Under capitalist production, both the labourer and capitalist have stakes in the final product, and thus the degree to which wages and prices equalise depends on different factors. When capital moves freely between industries, this tends to equalise the rate of profit. When labour moves freely between industries, this tends to equalise wages. Both wages and profitability must be considered when setting prices.

This is all well and good in the context of individual countries. In most countries, labour and capital moves freely between industries, and so wages, profitability, and prices are all relatively consistent between towns and cities in one country.

On an international level however, wages, profitability and prices are often completely inconsistent, especially between richer and poorer countries. This is because capital often moves freely between the core and the periphery, shifting to wherever has the highest rate of profit, while labour is constrained. Workers cannot move between countries due to militarised borders, repressive governments, and migration quotas. In the end, the rate of profit slowly equalises between countries, while wages only become more and more dissimilar between countries due to different levels of unionisation, and other “historical and moral determinants” like the degree of reactionary violence, market suppression and underdevelopment.

At the end of the day, a situation is produced wherein, as Charles Bettleheim explains, “on the world market the poor nations are obliged to sell the product of a relatively large number of hours in order to obtain in exchange from the rich nations the product of a small number of hours of labour.”

This inequality in trade can be further explored in a number of ways. In the past, unequal exchange has been explained through equations and figures, but this topic is too important to be bound up in academic language and convention. What follows is my attempt to explore the consequences of unequal exchange through the eyes of two fictional workers in countries separated by a small stretch of South Pacific ocean.

An example: Natia and Tim

Unequal Exchange can be hard to understand in human terms. By its nature it deals with abstract transfers of wealth in the spaces between nations, never really connecting with our human experience of work and life. But it does have a human dimension, and it extends outwards from a web of interconnected human experiences and struggles. Compare Natia and Tim. Natia works at a copra plantation in Savai’i, in Samoa. She spends her day collecting coconuts, halving them, and leaving them out to dry in the sun in large batches. Sometimes she helps at the kilns, where the sun-dried coconuts are fully dried, and the desiccated meat is crushed into oil and meal. It is a hard process, and sometimes whole batches develop mold and have to be thrown out. The market for the meal is shrinking, as the New Zealand farmers who used to buy it as animal feed have now shifted to Palm Kernel Expeller, much of it grown by debt slaves in Malaysia.

In the end, Natia gets about $350 USD per month for her full-time labour. It’s considered a decent wage in Samoa. Her employer has few ongoing costs aside from her low wages. However, considering the need to compete with PKE and other copra producers, the employer can only sell the copra meal for a very low price: just above the amount needed to pay for Natia and the other workers’ labour.

3,000 kilometres away from Natia, Tim is just starting his shift. He works at a plastics factory in Auckland, New Zealand. The factory is designed to turn mineral oil into a range of commodity plastics and tupperware, and while Tim works hard, his productivity is mostly due to the wide variety of factory machines at his disposal. Tim is able to produce a large amount of plastic products in just one hour, and the market for the products is always high, since the factory is generally able to out-produce and out-compete its smaller competitors.

Tim has been working at the company for a while, and has always participated in his union. The most recent strike was 2 years ago, when the union representatives were able to secure a new collective bargaining agreement that raised Tim’s wages to $3,150 USD per month. It’s nowhere near as much as his many managers get, but Tim is pretty thankful, since it’s considered a living wage by New Zealand standards. The company fought tooth and nail against the pay increase, but in the end it didn’t hurt business too much, and they were able to compensate by raising prices, thanks to their healthy market share.

The products of Natia and Tim’s labour are often exported around the Pacific. A handful of New Zealand farmers still import Pacific copra meal, while stores in Savai’i often stock the tupperware containers and commercial plastics Tim produces. The problem is that the products of their equivalent labour hours are sold at wildly different prices. The amount of tupperware that Time produces in one labour hour gets sold for enough to pay for nine hours of Natia’s work.

Is Tim’s labour itself worth nine times more than Natia’s? Not really; if Natia went to New Zealand and performed similar agricultural work, she would be paid at a rate much more comparable to Tim, if only due to labour laws and the higher cost of living in New Zealand. The product of her labour would also be exchanged at a vastly higher rate, even without additional machinery to help her. The real problem is that Natia could only access those wages if she won a visa through the ballot system, and only a few were given out each year, even before it was shut down entirely due to Covid.

The disparity between the two only becomes more extreme as time goes on. Thousands of other workers produce commodities that are traded between New Zealand and Samoa, and all of them have very similar wages to Natia and Tim. Samoa is limited in how many New Zealand imports it can buy, since its products are worth nine times less than New Zealand’s by default. Meanwhile, New Zealand exporters are making a killing: their products could buy nine times their own value in Samoan commodities! Over time, Samoan industry becomes more and more specialised and export-oriented, and less able to supply domestic consumers with cheaper local goods, processes covered by Samir Amin in Unequal Development. Instead, imported western goods become the norm, and Natia is forced to spend much more on necessities. Competition in the animal feed market threatens to force Natia’s wages down further, or even put the plantation out of business entirely.

Meanwhile, Tim’s wages are enough to buy plenty of consumer goods. He can’t always afford the boutique local brands, but he can afford as much imported produce as he could ever need. Over time, his wages are supplemented by these cheaper goods, and he can afford to save. In addition, the state mandates access to a superannuation fund for workers, and Tim’s contributions are invested in all sorts of foreign industry and international trade futures. Tim doesn’t ever have enough to stop working for a living, but he has enough to perhaps retire comfortably, or even to ensure that his kids don’t have to work as hard as he did. He is secure in the knowledge that in the long run, things seem to be getting better.

Workers like Natia represent the bulk of the global working class, labouring in low-paid labour producing much of the world’s most basic commodities. Their conditions are deteriorating due to the increased dependency, specialisation, and export-orientation of industry in the global periphery, as this means there is less local industry devoted to local needs. They are unable to save, or move to countries with better conditions. Their main hope is an increase in the total global mobility of labour, which might equalise wages and prices between countries. For them, freedom of migration is liberation, as even if they don’t migrate themselves, the resulting wage equalisation benefits everyone.

Workers like Tim represent a minority in the global working class: he is at the bottom end of a labour aristocracy. As we have seen, Tim’s conditions aren’t wonderful, or somehow post-scarcity, but he has the ability to save, to move between industries freely, to invest his surplus wages, and to send his kids to be educated. These are all rights Tim ought to enjoy, ones which he fought hard to keep, but the institutions which enable those rights are also unwittingly contributing to global inequality.

In rich countries, prices and wages are caught in an upward death spiral. Since prices are determined by the interrelationship between wages and profitability, and wages tend to gravitate around the ability to purchase a fixed number of commodities, we can see how wages might push prices higher and vice versa. Other factors push wages and prices higher, including the efforts by unions to stay ahead of the cost of living, and increases in the overall standard of living enabled by external debt.

To break out of that spiral means acting internationally, securing better wages for all workers up and down the supply chain. An alternative approach would involve pressuring western governments to impose price ceilings: a hard limit on the cost of living set in a fixed number of commodities. Theorists like Emmanuel singled out western unions as a major cause of unequal exchange, and it is certainly true that many cannot be relied upon, but it is not necessarily unions themselves so much as the underlying upward spiral of prices and wages. A world with fewer unions, even the most compromised ones, is nonetheless one in which workers wield less power, and have less potential energy to turn towards international organisation.

The global consequences of Unequal Exchange

The relationship between Natia and Tim is just one tiny part of the global problem of unequal exchange. The true scale of unequal exchange has only been explored relatively recently thanks to the work of Zak Cope, in his book The Wealth of (Some) Nations, as well as recent studies that have built upon his findings.

Much of Cope’s recent work is devoted to quantifying and exploring various forms of imperialist superprofits (or the Imperial Transfer of Value). In Cope’s analysis, unequal exchange is not the sole form of imperialist superprofits, but it does constitute a majority. By measuring wage differentials between core and peripheral countries, and comparing those wages to a midpoint (the global median wage), Cope was able to find the total value gained each year through unequal exchange: roughly 2.8 trillion dollars per year.

To put this in perspective, the value gained through unequal exchange is 53.8% of all superprofits flowing from the periphery to the core. It is also 31.5% of the core’s profits available for reinvestment (calculated as the core’s GDP multiplied by rate of savings), in other words, nearly a third of all profits in the core are purely the result of being able to sustain higher wages.

Decades ago, Samir Amin predicted that as the rate of profit fell in core industries, unequal exchange would slowly come to be the dominant source of profits for western capitalists, locking the periphery into a permanent state of dependency in order to prop-up the decayed husk of domestic industry in the core. In many of the world’s richest nations, that prediction is being borne out today.

Shifting the locus of value creation from the core to the periphery means that the core relies less and less on the unprofitable exploitation of its own workers. Instead, many core workers are increasingly being placed in menial office and managerial jobs which produce little to no real value. Such workers are ostensibly there to increase the value of other labourers’ work – so-called “reflexive” labourers – but in practice this is economically impossible, and many of these managers, administrators, and functionaries are simply paid consumers, shifting and manipulating various forms of debt, sitting at the heights of increasingly top-heavy finance and tech juggernauts.

As the core systematically underdevelops itself, taking away its own ability to autogenously produce value, the periphery stands at a crossroads. Many nations are now choosing to promote trade between peripheral partners, effectively disengaging from the predatory trade imperialism of the core. This too has dangers, in that it risks imperialist intervention, and some peripheral nations still side with the core out of fear of repercussions, out of a bribed ruling class, or out of a lack of alternatives.

Workers in the core are still able to organise against trade imperialism directy, even if such activism will always be opposed by sections of the labour aristocracy. Pushing for increased migrant quotas and rights is one proven way to mitigate global wage inequality, as remittances and competition tend to raise peripheral average wages. To return to our Pacific example, compare Samoa with the Cook Islands: both nations were colonised and dominated by New Zealand imperialism, but the Cooks have at least gained an average wage more comparable to the core, entirely thanks to the ability to migrate to a core nation.

Another step would be to encourage labour organisation across national boundaries. As we have seen, a narrow-minded focus on only improving the wages of core workers can actively harm peripheral workers by encouraging greater differences in wages. If the entire supply chain of an industry can be organised, not only would workers exercise greater control over their workplaces by influencing the factors of production, they would also be able to raise the lowest-paid workers up to a greater standard.

One of the greatest lessons we can draw from recent advances in unequal exchange theory is that business-as-usual activism can have unintended consequences. Do we fight to perpetuate labour aristocracy, wealth extraction, and the further stratification of our class? Or do we fight to bring about unity between workers of all nationalities, no matter their position in the hierarchies of industry and empire?

Further Reading

Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade, 1972 Emmanuel’s most rigorous examination of Unequal Exchange is still highly relevant reading today, even if sections on Organic Composition of Capital have been questioned by later writers. It also includes an interesting debate between Emmanuel and his mentor Charles Bettleheim.

Zak Cope, The Wealth of (Some) Nations: Imperialism and the Mechanics of Value Transfer, 2019 Cope’s most recent book builds on his ideas from 2013’s Divided World, Divided Class into one of the most rigorous analyses of imperialist value transfer yet attempted. Cope’s analysis of Unequal Exchange is limited to two small chapters, but the rest of the book is well worth a read and covers an enormous swathe of leftist and colonial history.

Anthony Brewer, Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey, 1980 Brewer’s book is a great overview of theories of imperialism, from Marx to Emmanuel and Amin. He takes particular interest in charting the development of Unequal Exchange discourse, and makes a few of his own additions to the theory.

Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, 1974 Rodney was one of the first writers in the colonised world to pick up the idea of Unequal Exchange, and wove it into his masterful history of European colonisation in Africa, which also serves to discredit the “whiggish history” of perpetual progress in the colonised world.

Samir Amin, Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism, 1976 Amin was one of the first writers able to explore the various international implications of Unequal Exchange rather than having to develop his own economic framework from scratch. As such his work is often more holistic than the narrow economic focus of Emmanuel. His theory of development is excellent, even if his autarkic conclusions are sometimes flawed.

Esteban Ezequiel Maito, The historical transience of capital: the downward trend in the rate of profit since the 19th century, 2014 Maito’s study represents a rigorous effort to analyse the declining rate of profit. Crucially, Maito accounts for the rate of turnover, something similar studies sometimes fail to do. Maito identifies three separate rates of profit, the core, peripheral, and China, and demonstrates that these are all equalising as they decline. This confirms many of the assumptions of the Unequal Exchange theorists.

[gentlebluelizard]

the cost of zero-xl

This was supposed to be a lighthearted bit of silliness, but the fic had a will of it’s own, wanting desperately to be overly emotional, I’ve weeded most of it out, much to the fic’s disgust!  (   ‘lil update on this one, after a chat with @ ak47stylegirl, this is probably going to become a series :-)   )

“Son, can I ask you about these figures?”

Scott was truly taken aback seeing his father at the desk again.  It made him smile warmly to see those familiar broad shoulder silhouetted against the wide expanse of the South Pacific.  

Home.  

Home at last. 

 And everything was right again.

Then Scott backtracked over what had been said and a cold tremor ran the length of his spin – figures? - what figures?

And everything wasn't right again.

They never would be.

“Ah, yeah, right Dad.”  Scott drew his fingers through his hair and knew the moment had arrived to face the issue of the figures.  “We didn't want to worry you about that too soon.”

Jeff's face was contorted into the deepest of frowns. The passive calm in his voice was unnatural.  “I think maybe you should have.”  They had all expected him to go nuclear when he found out.  

Perchance, Gordon came rushing through, desperate for a dip in the pool after the voyage in Zero-XL

“Nice timing Gordon, Dad knows!  We need a family meeting, can you go and get everyone up?”  Scott's voice was quiet, resigned.

Gordon halted, looked at his father, looked at Scott, then out to the glistening pool sadly, his hand half raised to point longingly at it before turning back into the house.

Faces grim, the brothers gathered, sitting with their grandmother.  Their father hadn't stirred yet from his chair at the desk, silently brooding over the figures, but on seeing the last of them arrive, he moved the report to the main holoview and came to sit with them, his question ready now to be asked.

“The Zero-XL bankrupted us?”  

There – he'd managed to actually say the words out loud.  “We have nothing left?” He turned to his eldest in hope.

Scott swallowed hard but couldn't speak, instead he nodded firmly.

Jeff stared from one to another, resting for a long moment on his mother before moving on.

“But there were billions!”

That was an understatement, there had been millions and millions of billions, theirs had been one of the riches family on Earth when he had left.  He could see that they had spent wisely, prudently even, until the Zero XL.

“Everything? All gone?”  He asked one more time.

John lifted his chin, breathed steadily and added, “Not everything Dad. We've held onto the farm and there is enough for us each to have a home, either together or independently.”  Involuntarily he glanced round at his brothers, not wanting to admit that he didn't think he could cope in a small house with any of them for any length of time.

He then realised that his grandmother was staring at him as hard as his father.

“Go on, I dare you to finish that statement!” she snarled.

John took the dare, “And enough for Grandma to chose a nice nursing home... when she's ready.”

Her glare hardened and she huffed a little, realising that these were insignificances against the questions that her son needed answering. 

“Jeff, the boys put everything into getting you home.  It was the right thing to do, and the advances in technology learnt from the Zero XL may yet regain some of the wealth.  But the more important thing was to get you home.”  her voice softened.  “People before property, Jeff.”  

“But everything?”  Jeff repeated bleakly

Scott nodded again, “Tracy Industries, the Island and...” 

The next part was going to be the hardest to say passed the dry lump in his throat, so Virgil stepped in to finish what had to be said.

“The Thunderbirds themselves – the GDF have taken them on, will use them as rescue vehicles and if we're ever in a position to buy them back then it's in the agreement that we can.”

Jeff was stunned speechless.

Pale.

This was a future that he had not ever once conceived.  

His first and only dream was just of being rescued – returning to his home.     

But to find he had lost everything.

No!  He realised sharply, not everything.

His two youngest sons had been quiet through all of this, but both felt the need to contribute.

Gordon leaned forward, elbows on his knees and a deep frown ageing his face. He'd been just a kid, 12, no 14 when Jeff had last seen him.  An earnest boy but such a pain in the butt – Ha!  Weren't they all at that age.  

When Gordon spoke it was in a voice that Jeff was still having troubles recognising.  “Dad, you always said that you would put everything you had into rescuing just one person. Well, we didn't have much choice here, it took everything.”

And Alan added, “Especially when the one person in the whole of space we wanted to rescue was you.”

Jeff cupped his hands and rubbed his forehead hard, he'd aged, he felt it in every bone, but sighing, he sat up and faced them again.  

His eldest, greying now, had taken the strain of running everything for a while till the others had seen his stress.  Strong, totally dependable.  The twins with those same admirable qualities but in themselves like chalk and cheese.  The two youngest, untried before he had left but now with a history of rescues to make any man proud to call them son.

Okay, so his reality had changed but not everything was gone.

He still had his family.

“So where do we go from here?”  The words were slow but he refused to make them sad or defeatist.

“We have until the end of the month to move out, then...”  Scott saw that information strike his father like a mallet but the only way forward was to keep going.  “I've a job training pilots for the GDF.  John is joining their space programme.”

Virgil pipped up quickly, “I've got work with a freight company, flying out of Auckland!”  He'd said with some degree of excitement.  Jeff eyed him with a grin. This son was always happiest behind the controls of big aircraft.  He turned to Gordon, raising one eyebrow questioningly.

“Eh me?  Dive school instructor on Tonga.”

But Virgil couldn't resist adding in “Unless he marries into wealthy aristocracy of course!”

Gordon flushed pink and Jeff tried to work out just what that had meant.  It was the third such comment about Gordon.  Shrewdly Jeff noted it all, there was a lot going on that he needed to catch up on yet, so he didn't pursue it for now, later would be fine.  

Instead he turned to Alan who instantly sat bolt upright, totally ignoring Gordon's discomfort.  This was Alan's chance, “I'm hoping you're gonna let me join NASA education programme now I’ve graduated High School... please?”

Jeff smiled, “Good choice Kiddo, that's what I did and it did me no harm.”

Alan punched the air with a hoot of a 'yes!'.

So this was Jeff's reality, this was his future.

“What am I supposed to do?”  He asked.

The boys shifted awkwardly in their seats.

“Eh Dad, well, we sort of kept the farm for you, the GDF are keen for you to experiment with moister farming.  Brains has developed a new vaporator and thought....”

Jeff put up both hand to stop him right there,  “A moister farmer, who the hell do you think I am....?”

No-one made a suggestion.

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