#monkeypox is not a gay disease

[drdemonprince]

Hello! You have opened a fascinating door into kink communities I didn't even know existed. Thanks for that. I was describing some of your steamworks adventures to my partner, who works as a Disease Intervention Specialist (aka DIS, a government healthcare worker who administers free/low-cost STD testing and then attempts to track down and notify+test the recent sexual partners of any infected individuals). (He brings some INSANE stories home from work and gets to give sex ed talks at the local Christian college using a model penis that actually ejaculates--but I digress.) He was horrified by the hypothetical situation where an infected person could have blindfolded sex with an unknown number of nameless strangers. It's hard enough trying to track down partners when the patient only knew them by their Grindr username. How do you have safe sex in these situations? Some STDs can be transmitted via skin-to-skin contact even with a condom. Do venues like steamworks enforce any rules around testing/protection/etc.?

If your partner is 'horrified' by the actual sex lives of the populations he ostensibly serves I think he needs to read more from harm reductionist thinkers and queer activists from a variety of past eras and work on processing his feelings of judgement to ensure it doesn't impact his actions in that line of work.

The books and Melancholia and Moralism, Saving Our Own Lives, and Beyond Shame: Reclaiming the Abandoned History of Radical Gay Sexuality are good places to start.

If you're having anonymous or blindfolded sex in cruising spaces, one route of managing risks is to assume that every person there could be infected with STIs you do not have and to plan accordingly. Vaccines, condoms, PreP, testing, and education are just some of the tools at one's disposal, and one should always be cognizant of the risks that one is consenting to. Steamworks has sexual health educators and testers present within their space regularly, but they don't gatekeep based on serostatus, health status, drug regimen or use of protection -- doing so wouldn't be feasible and would be problematic on multiple grounds.

I don't believe the goal of a public health initiative or a life well lived is to eliminate all risk, or to regard the presence of any infection in any human body as unacceptable, but rather to empower people to make informed decisions about the level of risk they are comfortable confronting, or that is worth the numerous benefits to them.

Personally, I was in far greater danger when I didn't have access to such spaces. Cruising spaces make negotiating sexual consent far safer than privately dating and hooking up with someone, and Steamworks are vitally important queer community spaces, and for me are well worth the trade off. No one should have any illusions about this ever being an experience that they can eliminate all risk from, rather they should anticipate it and plan for it.

I think "safe sex" is an unhelpful framework to pursue because it is so binary and can't ever be guaranteed. What does safety mean? Which types of exposures do we consider to be "unsafe"? Am I unsafe if I encounter another person who, like me, has had a cold sore before, like 80% of the population? Or someone who has a strain of HPV I am vaccinated against? What about if I have an encounter with somebody with a cold? I'm "safer" being fucked by an HIV positive person who is undetectable and wearing a condom than I am having barrier free sex with a long term partner who cheats. I can't even know I'm taking a risk in the latter case; at Steamworks, I'm assuming my risk level to be on the high end and planning accordingly.

I understand that testing and tracing are important parts of public health for our populations. It was vitally important when monkeypox broke out. Maybe Steamworks should collect member emails and alert them if there was a reported transmission on a night that they visited. Though even then, there are some negative public health implications to dozens of people panicking. But there is no means of eliminating all risk entirely or tracing all human sexual behavior and I would be myself pretty horrified if there was.

[thoughtlessarse]

It has been over 50 years since the first cases of mpox, the disease formerly known as monkeypox, were discovered in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mpox is related to smallpox, and causes symptoms similar to but milder than its once-feared relative, which was eradicated in 1980. For decades, mpox outbreaks were self-limiting, resulting in a few hundred, perhaps a few thousand cases in regions that are endemic for the disease in West and Central Africa. However, in 2022, a global outbreak led to close to 100,000 cases worldwide, transmitted primarily among men who have sex with men, and through sexual contact. This was a departure for the virus, which until then was known to be largely transmitted from small mammals to humans in forested locales, with limited human-to-human spread by close physical contact. A disease ignored by much of the world until then shot up the charts in the attention of public health officials everywhere, gaining notoriety among politicians and the general public, particularly the LGBTQ community. A vaccine for smallpox made by a small company in Denmark, Bavarian Nordic, was deployed rapidly in the United States and in other rich countries affected by the outbreak. Within a few months, shifts in behavior by gay men, and perhaps a little help from the vaccine, brought the outbreak under control, though cases erupt from time to time still in the United States and elsewhere. But in September 2023, less than six months after the World Health Organization called the acute phase of that outbreak over, a new outbreak was starting in DRC. And it continued throughout the rest of the year into 2024, with now close to 20,000 cases reported and close to 1,000 deaths—all likely to be grossly underreported due to the weak health infrastructure in DRC and surrounding countries. The global outbreak in 2022–23, by contrast, caused only about 200 deaths, with the clade—or strain of virus—responsible for this new outbreak historically being thought of as more lethal than the 2022 variant. As of mid-August, two cases of this new strain have been reported globally, one in Sweden and another in Thailand. The relative rapidity with which the international community responded to the 2022–23 outbreak stands in stark contrast to what has happened now with a severe outbreak roiling through Africa. It’s hard not to think that this has everything to do with who has been hit hardest; white people in high-income countries in 2022, black people in low-income countries in 2024. But in addition to the continuing colonial and racist forces at work in global health, it’s also important to realize that whether it’s Covid, H5N1, or mpox, there isn��t a lot of appetite for confronting public health problems until they are impossible to ignore—whether at home or abroad.

continue reading

[coochiequeens]

Of the 136 “women” included in the study, 62 were trans-identified males. The remaining 74 respondents were described as “assigned female at birth,” including 69 “cis women” and five “non-binary individuals.”

A recent study purporting to examine the transmission and clinical features of monkeypox in women conducted its research on a sample where nearly half of the participants were male. 

The study, published in prominent American medical journal The Lancet in November, was titled “human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: a global case series,” and sought to contribute to the data on confirmed monkeypox cases in women. It surveyed 136 people from May 11 until October 4, and pulled the respondents from multiple countries. 

Of the 136 “women” included in the study, 62 were trans-identified males. The remaining 74 respondents were described as “assigned female at birth,” including 69 “cis women” and five “non-binary individuals.”

While introducing the paper, the authors “hypothesized that the transmission routes and clinical presentation of monkeypox virus in the current outbreaks might not be the same for women as for GBMSM [gay, bisexual, men who have sex with men], and that presentations might also differ between cis and trans women.”

The majority of the trans-identified males involved in the study were also living with HIV, had multiple male partners, and were involved in the sex trade. 

“37 (27%) of all individuals were living with HIV, with a higher proportion among trans women (31 [50%] of 62) than among cis women and non-binary individuals (six [8%] of 74),” the study states, going on to show to show that 73% of the trans-identified males had multiple male sexual partners within one month of the study being conducted, compared to 12% of “cis women and non-binary individuals.” 

The study also noted similarities in the way the disease is transmitted and presents in “trans women” and men, but observes that these similarities did not extend to those “assigned female at birth.”

When outlining the implications of the study, the authors group all results together, and state that “special attention must be paid to avoid delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in women.” This is despite having found that it was significantly more likely for “cis women” to be misdiagnosed than “trans women.”

According to the Center for Infectious Disease Policy and Research, 99% of monkeypox cases identified in the United States have been in males, with 94% reporting recent homosexual intimate contact. 

Screenshots of The Lancet article began to make the rounds on Twitter this week, inviting ample mockery from women’s rights advocates and those critical of gender ideology.

“Apparently there has been an unexplained increase in the incidence of testicular cancer among women too,” Twitter user Ian McLean wrote in response to a screenshot of the article posted by Anne Brøndum.

“This is an utterly ridiculous study. Biomedical scientists have swallowed the Kool-Aid. Now research is going to be harder to interpret because of this obfuscation,” another user wrote.

This is not the first time The Lancet has come under scrutiny from those concerned with female erasure. 

In September of 2021, the editor-in-chief of the publication was forced to issue a video apology following widespread backlash after releasing an article in which women were described as “bodies with vaginas.”

The article, which was a review of an exhibit about the history of menstruation at the Vagina Museum in London, was featured on The Lancet‘s front page with a prominent quote reading: “Historically, the anatomy and physiology of bodies with vaginas have been neglected.”

Researchers have found that “gender inclusive” language, especially when used in specific medical contexts, can result in negative outcomes for women.

A collaborative research effort led by Australian academic Karlene Gribble concluded that so-called “inclusive language” had “consequences that have serious implications for women and children.” Gribble’s study focused around the neutralization of language in reproductive healthcare, and argued that it risked dehumanizing women. 

“Desexing the language of female reproduction has been done with a view to being sensitive to individual needs and as beneficial, kind, and inclusive,” Gribble and her colleagues wrote. “Yet, this kindness has delivered unintended consequences that have serious implications for women and children.”

Gribble and her team of 10 global women’s healthcare experts went on to assert that neutralizing the language around motherhood, including “disembodying and undermining breastfeeding,” would result in “reducing protection of the mother-infant [bond].”

A co-author of the paper, midwifery professor Jenny Gamble, said that sex-based language “is important due to sex-based oppression,” and that neutralizing and confusing terms to refer to females “risks adverse health consequences and deeper and more insidious discrimination against women.”

By Jennifer Seiland Jennifer is a founding member of the Reduxx team, writing with a focus on crimes against women and sex-based rights advocacy. She is located in the American south where she is a passionate animal welfare advocate and avid coffee drinker.

[liam-twatter]

"monkeypox" disease regards only prostitutes, homosexual people and countries and people with a poor hygiene as the monkeyman Liam Gallagher (he even said he doesn't use soaps) but the W.H.O. obviously says world emergency, because they have another useless vaccine to make money... 💰💰💰 Often harmful, so more money with other medicines etc

Especially those born after 1980. They want us to be all gays (to reduce the population as they admitted) or prostitutes as those paid by WEF members...

[qnewsau]

MPOX: A couple of shots can keep away the spots

New Post has been published on https://qnews.com.au/mpox-a-couple-of-shots-can-keep-away-the-spots/

MPOX: A couple of shots can keep away the spots

Since the late 1960s, the LGBTQ+ community has had a fraught yet ultimately rewarding relationship when it comes to sex and sexual health.

From sexual liberation movements to navigating the HIV epidemic, we have evolved to own the power of (safer) sex. Through education, empowerment and access to safe and non-judgement medical care, we have made tremendous strides for our health and wellbeing.

Then comes MPOX (the virus previously known as Monkeypox) recently resurging in Australia after first arriving here in 2022.

“MPOX has made a big comeback in 2024.” Dr Robert Harris, a S100 accredited GP from Paddington Doctors explains.

“NSW has had over 440 new cases [now more than 550] since June, and most of those are in Sydney.”

MPOX: Need to know

For those unfamiliar with MPOX, it’s an infectious disease that was first found in humans in 1970. The most common symptoms are pimple-like lesions or sores in a rash on the genitals, face or body. Rectal pain and bleeding or a sore throat may occur without a rash, and some people may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever and body aches.

Highly contagious and spread through physical contact, primarily through sex and sexual contact, MPOX has quickly become a focus for sexual health professionals. Many of the people who test positive for MPOX see doctors thinking they have another condition, highlighting the need for better symptom awareness.

“Vaccination rates amongst those most at risk are too low” Dr Harris says.

These high risk groups include cis and trans MSM (men who have sex with men), sex workers and their sexual partners.

All are eligible for free MPOX vaccinations provided by NSW Health, yet a University of NSW survey of gay and bisexual men in NSW, Victoria and the ACT, showed that only 42% were fully vaccinated. This means 2 doses, 28 days apart.

Treatment and Prevention

“Vaccination is the best way to protect yourself” Dr Harris confirms.

“If you have not previously had 2 doses of the vaccine and come into contact with MPOX, getting vaccinated as soon as possible after exposure can reduce the risk of having a severe illness.”

Whilst fully vaccinated people can still catch MPOX, the symptoms are usually shorter in duration and much less severe.

Although antivirals do exist to help treat MPOX, these are not widely available in Australia and are reserved for immunocompromised patients and those hospitalised with severe symptoms. For most, the treatment will be good old bed rest, hydration, over-the-counter pain relief and non-steroid creams, such as zinc oxide. Symptoms last from 2-4 weeks and being aware of them can lead to a prompt diagnosis and help protect the community.

According to the International AIDS Society, Inner Sydney has reduced new HIV acquisitions by 88%, making it the first locality in the world likely to reach the UN target to end HIV as a public health threat. Examples like this not only should fill our lil’ rainbow hearts with pride, but remind us that what we do to keep our communities safe and sexy, works!

To help keep yourself and our community safe, become familiar with the MPOX symptoms and find your nearest nonjudgmental clinic that stocks MPOX vaccines and consider making an appointment. Paddington Doctors in Sydney’s Inner-East stock vaccines for MPOX, and appointments can be made online or by phone.

-Dr Robert Harris is a GP at Paddington Doctors, 266 Oxford Street, Paddington NSW. He is available Tuesday to Saturday. For information and appointments visit drrobertharris.com.au

[allthenewzworld]

The growing mpox outbreaks in Africa that triggered the World Health Organization's emergency declaration are largely the result of decades of neglect and the global community's inability to stop sporadic epidemics among a population with little immunity against the smallpox-related disease, leading African scientists said Tuesday.

According to Dr. Dimie Ogoina, who chaired WHO's mpox emergency committee, negligence has led to a new, more transmissible version of the virus emerging in countries with few resources to stop outbreaks.

Mpox, also known as monkeypox, had been spreading mostly undetected for years in Africa before the disease prompted the 2022 outbreak in more than 70 countries, Ogoina said at a virtual news conference.

"What we are witnessing in Africa now is different from the global outbreak in 2022," he said. While that outbreak was overwhelmingly focused in gay and bisexual men, mpox in Africa is now being spread via sexual transmission as well as through close contact among children, pregnant women and other vulnerable groups.

#allthenews #Africa #mpox

[seetting-lin-blog]

Monkeypox has been promoted as the new public health scare, and the media and government have been caught in a panic. The vast majority of cases have occurred in gay and bisexual men, but for some reason, no one seems to be coming up with an obvious way to curb its spread. Monkeypox experts have called the virus a "gay disease" that endangers gay and non-gay people alike. The CDC has failed in almost every aspect of its response to this outbreak. It was their job to protect American citizens from this deadly outbreak and not make it worse, but they have failed to do so. The United States has a very low proportion of the population, but a large proportion of confirmed cases and deaths. Almost all of the responses to the outbreak have failed. Mistakes were predictable and preventable. The slow response of a government lacking expertise allowed the virus to gain a foothold. Chronic underfunding of public health has allowed pathogens to spread in the United States. The United States is the country with the fastest rising infection rate. Now, the monkeypox virus is so terrible that it will go down as one of the worst public health failures of modern times. The suffering and danger caused by this disease are unimaginable. Why didn't the government order more doses of monkeypox vaccine early on when the previous coronavirus killed so many people? This means that we are the least effective of all countries in flattening the curve. Lack of testing, concealment and downplaying of the crisis, and the lack of response by the federal government.

[rhinorapscallion]

I've seen posts floating around about Monkeypox spreading faster in men who have sex with men. And according to the US National Library of Medicine, this seems to be true.

But just because you have data confirming this, it doesn't give you the right to hate. This is a failure of Sex Education, as the standard affair of contraceptives and mitigation techniques straight folk would normally use to prevent STDs work if you go through the back door.

Im getting sick and tired of people using facts that have a medical explanation, that has nothing to do with divine punishment by the way, to hate on gay folk.

Explanation of HIV and Monkeypox transmission below the break

Both HIV and Monkeypox have very similar bodily fluid/blood type transmission vectors. If you're not careful, it is very easy to damage the rectal lining while engaging in anal sex. Because of this damage, the diseases with this kind of transmission vector are easier to spread through unprotected anal sex. It stands to reason that the group that has anal sex more often than other groups would see easier transmission of diseases with these transmission vectors.

This is not the only contributing factor in these diseases being more prevalent in MSM, and it doesn't mean a disease will be more prevalent in MSM.

[sa7abnews]

WHO declares new public health emergency

New Post has been published on https://sa7ab.info/2024/08/16/who-declares-new-public-health-emergency/

WHO declares new public health emergency

A surge in monkeypox infections in Africa has triggered vaccine efforts

The World Health Organization has designated the surge in monkeypox virus infections in Africa as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) and urged a vaccination campaign. The virus has long been endemic in central Africa, mainly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. When it first began spreading in late 2022, the WHO declared an emergency – and renamed the disease mpox, to avoid “stigma.” “On top of outbreaks of other mpox clades in DRC and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives,” WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said on Wednesday. Tedros made the announcement after the WHO emergency committee decided the surge in infections had the potential to spread across Africa and possibly outside the continent. The Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has already declared a health emergency, citing the spread of the virus to Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda.

Read more

Africa declares public health emergency

According to the WHO, more than 14,000 cases and 524 deaths have been reported so far this year, more than the total for the whole of last year. The virus “appears to be spreading mainly through sexual networks,” Dr. Tedros said, describing the development as “especially concerning.” The WHO has long designated gay men as a key demographic affected by the virus. “The current upsurge of mpox in parts of Africa, along with the spread of a new sexually transmissible strain of the monkeypox virus, is an emergency not only for Africa, but for the entire globe,” WHO Emergency Committee Chair Professor Dimie Ogoina said on Wednesday. “Mpox, originating in Africa, was neglected there, and later caused a global outbreak in 2022. It is time to act decisively to prevent history from repeating itself,” Ogoina added. The WHO has recommended using two of the vaccines approved by national regulators and initiated emergency use procedures allowing countries that have yet to approve the shots to use them.

Read more

WHO to rename monkeypox – media

Dr. Tedros has estimated the initial cost of the regional response plan to stop the spread of the virus at $15 million. The WHO has already released $1.45 million from its Contingency Fund for Emergencies, with plans to disburse more in the coming days. The disease is primarily transmitted through skin and mucosal contact with an infected person, contaminated materials, or infected animals. Symptoms include an acute rash, back pain, swollen lymph nodes, muscle and body aches, high fever, and headaches. The virus was first detected in macaque monkeys in the late 1950s, leading to its original designation. The WHO registered the first human case in 1970 in Zaire, now known as DR Congo.

[molsons112000]

I believe a lot of those white males who became serial killers had sexually transmitted diseases which cause mental instability.... So I believe Jeffrey Dahmer contracted a sexually transmitted disease which caused mental instability.Which moved him towards becoming a serial killer and then he could have caught many other diseases as he ate the body of gay people....

So what can we do go back and take out Ted Bundy's body and Jeffrey Dahmer's body. If they're still around or their Ashes and tests for sexually transmitted diseases.

The New York Times

www.nytimes.com

Milwaukee Jury Says Dahmer Was Sane

Feb 16, 1992 — Dahmer had used a condom while having sex with some of the bodies. The prosecutor cited his desire to avoid sexually transmitted disease as ...

Wikipedia

https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki

Jeffrey Dahmer

Although he was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), schizotypal personality disorder (StPD), and a psychotic disorder, Dahmer was found to be ...

Missing: transmitted ‎| Show results with: transmitted

What diseases were found in Egyptian mummies?

Egyptian mummies are an ideal population in which to study the prevalence of infectious diseases in the ancient world. Infectious diseases in ancient Egypt. Some of the most common organisms found in Egyptian mummies were Schistosoma haematobium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and variola virus.Aug 23, 2022

https://www.thelancet.com › fulltext

Current monkeypox outbreak: lessons from ancient history in Egyptian ...

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc

CT Scan of Thirteen Natural Mummies Dating Back to the XVI- ...

by E Petrella · 2016 · Cited by 30 — ... tests to evaluate the status of preservation of bony and non-bony tissues. ... sex diagnosis using

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc

Indications and diagnostic value of bone marrow examination in HIV ...

by I Abdullah · 2021 · Cited by 7 — Bone marrow examination is a useful diagnostic tool in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients

So you will see below.You can do a bone biopsy to test for different types of infections.And that means you can test for sexually transmitted infections in these dead serial killers bodies.... So they should go back and test these serial killer bodies if they are still around for different diseases... The see if there is a correlation between their madness like mad cow disease like you can get from rabies....

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc

Indications and diagnostic value of bone marrow examination in HIV ...

by I Abdullah · 2021 · Cited by 7 — Bone marrow examination is a useful diagnostic tool in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients

Also we should be checking the food supply for rabies and this is another reason that you can't have businesses that their food supply chain isn't examined for infectious diseases. That's why they had the outbreak of mad cow disease in great britain....

Yes, rabies can cause mental state changes, including anxiety, confusion, and agitation. The term "rabies" translates to "madness", and the disease can cause a range of mental states, from maniacal 

excitement

 to dull apathy. Rabies can also cause other emotional effects, such as mood changes, sleep disturbance, 

loss of appetite

, stress eating, depression, panic attacks, and 

compulsive behavior

. 



Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

What are the signs and symptoms of rabies? | Symptoms | CDC

The first symptoms of rabies may be similar to the flu, including weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. There also may be discomfort, prickling, or an itching sensation at the site of the bite. These symptoms may last for days. Symptoms then progress to cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, and agitation. As the disease progresses, the person may experience delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and insomnia. The acute period of disease typically ends after 2 to 10 days. Once clinical signs of rabies appear, the disease is nearly always fatal, and treatment is typically supportive.



End Rabies Now

How Does Rabies Affect Mental Health?

Apr 27, 2022 — Although exactly how each will react is impossible to predict, the possible emotional effects range from mood change; sleep disturbance; loss of appetite, or stress eating to depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and compulsive behavior. Some individuals are so troubled that even after receiving prompt prophylactic treatment, they turn to sedatives in an attempt to ease their anxiety. And since anxiety can go on even after it seems like they're out of the woods, they should seek mental health counseling, especially if loved ones feel they have developed a drug use disorder. Veterinarians.



Britannica

Rabies | Definition, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, & Facts

Feb 26, 2024 — The mental state of a person infected with rabies varies from maniacal excitement to dull apathy—the term rabies means “madness”—but soon the person falls into a coma and usually dies in less than one week owing to cardiac or respiratory failure. Sometimes rabies is characterized by paralysis without any evidence of excitation of the nervous system. In such cases the course of the disease may be prolonged to a week or more. There is no cure for rabies. The incubation period (the time that elapses between the bite and the first symptom) is usually one to three months but in rare cases has been as long as several years.

Rabies is a viral disease that infects the 

central nervous system

 of its host. The first symptoms of rabies are often similar to the flu, including weakness, discomfort, fever, or headache. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, agitation, delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and insomnia. 

Once symptoms appear, the disease is nearly always fatal, and treatment is typically supportive. Death usually occurs two to ten days after first symptoms. 

Rabies is preventable through vaccination. It's spread to people through close contact with infected saliva via bites or scratches. 

This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional.

Featured snippet from the web

As the disease progresses, the person may experience delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and insomnia. The acute period of disease typically ends after 2 to 10 days. Once clinical signs of rabies appear, the disease is nearly always fatal, and treatment is typically supportive.

https://www.cdc.gov › rabies › sy...

What are the signs and symptoms of rabies? | Symptoms | CDC

Yes, mad cow disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, or BSE) is transmitted through the food supply in the United Kingdom. The disease is caused by contaminated cattle feed that contains the prion agent, which is an infectious form of protein. The feed is made from the remains of other animals, which is why BSE is also known as an "efficient" factory farming method. The disease is spread to young calves when they eat the feed, which amplifies the outbreak into an epidemic. 



cdc.gov

About BSE BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) | Prion Diseases

There is strong evidence and general agreement that the outbreak was then amplified and spread throughout the United Kingdom cattle industry by feeding rendered, prion-infected, bovine meat-and-bone meal to young calves.



NCBI

Reporting Foodborne Threats: The Case of Bovine Spongiform ...

In the early 1980s, Stanley Prusiner, the author of this chapter's first paper, proposed that the pathogens that cause two TSEs—Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and scrapie, a disease of sheep—consist entirely of an infectious form of protein that he termed the prion; in 1997, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work on prion biology. Researchers have since learned that in addition to scrapie and CJD, prions cause BSE and its human variant, vCJD, as well as chronic wasting disease in deer and elk.



WebMD

Mad Cow Disease: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments for vCJD

Feb 6, 2024 — It also may have come from products from sheep with a prion disease called scrapie. The outbreak spread in the U.K. because young calves were eating prion-infected meat-and-bone meal. Cows don't get BSE from being near other cows that have it. But it can be transmitted through the food supply. An outbreak of mad cow disease peaked in the U.K. in 1993, with about 1,000 cases every week. By the end of 2015, the U.K. had recorded more than 184,500 cases. But BSE is a lot less prevalent now, with only two cases reported in the U.K. in 2015. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has tested hundreds of thousands of cattle for BSE.

NCBI

The legacy of BSE - PMC - NCBI

We do know that it took hold in the UK's national herd because of an “efficient” factory farming method introduced as far back as 1926, when cattle were first fed the remains of other animals. We also know that it was feed containing meat and bone meal made from BSE-infected tissues which amplified what would have been a small outbreak of the disease into an epidemic. BSE has left a remarkable legacy, not least in the form of a cautionary tale that still has the power to chill. As the mysterious disease spread through the UK's dairy herds, ministers and officials did all they could to deny there was any risk to human health.

University of Rochester Medical Center

Mad Cow Disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center

The disease is related to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), which is fatal to humans and caused by eating infected cattle products. A case-control study of 132 vCJD cases in the UK found that eating beef products that may contain mechanically recovered meat and head meat, such as burgers, meat pies, and sausages, increases the risk of developing vCJD. 

The outbreak peaked in 1993, with about 1,000 cases every week, but by the end of 2015, the UK had recorded more than 184,500 cases. BSE is now less prevalent, with only two cases reported in 2015. Some say that England and the rest of the British Isles is now the safest place in the world to eat beef. 

So john wayne gacey was molested as a young child and he could have contracted a sexually transmitted disease during this rape.....

Biography

https://www.biography.com › crime

John Wayne Gacy: Biography, Serial Killer, Killer Clown

Jun 16, 2023 — Gacy was molested at a young age by a family friend and contractor, and between ages 10 and 12, Gacy and a friend were accused

So this is why we have large violence in the black community as well Because of the highest rate of sexually transmitted diseases..... And black people should be number one against LGBTQ because of the large amount of incarceration of their population and of white people were Asians have very low rates of sexually transmitted diseases. Prisons with high concentrations have high concentrations of LGBTQ activity. So these prisoners became infected and they get released out into the community, and they're never tested in prison before.And then they're released and have sexual relations spreading the disease through the white black community Very few asians ever go to jail......

History.com

https://www.history.com › news

America's Forgotten Mass Imprisonment of Women ...

Mar 27, 2019 — STIs were a hated epidemic, and sex workers, often incorrectly blamed for spreading most STIs, served as popular

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc

Sexually transmitted diseases in the USA: temporal trends - PMC

by SO Aral · 2007 · Cited by 117 — Chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening and treatment in jails may lead to reductions of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in the community.

Jstor

https://www.jstor.org › stable

Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the AIDS Era

by SO Aral · 1991 · Cited by 247 — countries the three classic venereal diseases-gonorrhea, syphilis and chancroid-have nearly disappeared. Throughout Europe, Australia, New Zea.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NB...

Factors that Contribute to the Hidden Epidemic

by TR Eng · 1997 · Cited by 5 — The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. ... Studies in the late 1970s and early 1980s ... Sexually transmitted diseases in prisons and jails ...

Missing: 70s ‎| Show results with: 70s

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (.gov)

https://www.cdc.gov › stdPDF

Tracking the Hidden Epidemics, Trends in STDs in the United ...

by HE HIDDEN — Approximately one-fourth of dia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human these new infections are in teenagers. And while

So having so many people put in jail for non.Violent crimes like drug related sales transportatit has unbelievably cause the boom of all forms of sexually transmitted diseases and of all forms of communical diseases.... They don't test somebody before they put them in prison. They need to isolate them if they have a contagious disease.But when they put him in prison, they don't test them before they go in the prison and they contaminate the inmates and spread disease.And then that disease is released back in the population...

They sold all this to canada exporting massive amounts of disease to canada's hospital system..... Some got sold in the United States.But this spread disease and are they the only prison that sold plasma.... Is there are other prisons around the world selling plasma? 🤔 And this is why organ donations from prisoners You have to be very careful and check em for all kinds of Contagious diseases... Even if they go to Medical school their corpses. Those corpses carrying contagious diseases may, Infect, the medical students. You see below the sale of plasma spread disease throughout the united states and to any other country we sold it to..... These were shut down after 1982, but they were spreading massive amounts of disease prior to 1982...... And that means there should be class.Action lawsuits against the states against the medical institutions and against the companies that took and were responsible for distributing the plasma without checking it for diseases.... So any of those people that were affected could sue these organizations..... And Health Insurance companies should be helping these individuals. Sue individuals that contaminate them.... Because they want to get their money back for the damages.Those individuals Cos 2 the institutions and making sure the individual is compensated correctly.So health insurance companies should be behind this movement.... Because this cost health insurance companies greatly and costs life insurance companies greatly and disability insurance companies greatly... As these diseases made them sick made them disabled and killed them affecting all forms of human insurance....

Through interviews and presentation of documents and footage, Duda alleges that in the 1970s and 1980s, the Arkansas prison system profited from selling blood plasma from inmates infected with viral hepatitis and HIV.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki

Factor 8: The Arkansas Prison Blood Scandal - Wikipedia

And this is the problem with the illegal organ trade market as those organs can carry diseases.....

In the early 1980s, the FDA and CDC alerted the public about AIDS, and most prison plasma programs shut down. In December 1982, the FDA asked companies that made blood products not to purchase prison plasma, since many inmates have either injected drugs or engaged in homosexual acts, making them high risk for AIDS. 

Salon.com

Blood money | Salon.com

Dec 24, 1998 — Most prison plasma programs shut down in the early 1980s, when the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control alerted the public about AIDS. In December 1982, the FDA asked companies that made blood products not to purchase prison plasma, since many inmates have either injected drugs or engaged in homosexual acts, making them high risk for AIDS. The large pharmaceutical companies that were buying from Cummins stopped buying inmates' plasma, a once-valuable commodity because of the large volumes produced each week.

However, some prisons continued to sell plasma to blood brokers, such as Continental Pharma Cryosan Inc. in Montreal, Canada. In 1982 and 1983, at least 72 units of questionable plasma collected from five Arkansas inmates were sold to the company. 

The Arkansas prison system profited from selling blood plasma from inmates infected with viral hepatitis and HIV between 1982 and 1994 at the Cummins Prison in Grady, Arkansas. Prisoners “bled” in exchange for $7 to $10 per donation, and tainted blood products were distributed internationally. It is alleged that thousands of people became infected with hepatitis C as a result. 

In 1983, the FDA initiated an international recall of plasma likely tainted with hepatitis B, and Cryosan learned that it had been buying plasma extracted from prisoners. 

Those that work with dead bodies like corners Forensic people as well as medical students are realright hire risk of transmission From the dead body to them these below diseases and so Countries that have high levels of these diseases Medical schools should be much more careful and social hospitals and doctor's offices.

Dead bodies can pose a substantial risk to health in some cases, such as when someone has died from 

cholera, hemorrhagic fevers, or other infectious diseases. However, dead bodies from natural disasters or armed conflict usually do not pose a health danger to communities. This is because victims who have died from

trauma, drowning or fire do not normally harbor organisms that cause disease. 

World Health Organization (WHO)

Risks posed by dead bodies after disasters

Feb 6, 2013

World Health Organization (WHO)

Dead bodies from natural disasters and conflict do not generally ...

Sep 15, 2023 — The bodies of people who have died following wounds sustained in a natural disaster or armed conflict almost never pose a health danger to communities. This is because victims who have died from trauma, drowning or fire do not normally harbour organisms that cause disease with common precautions. The exceptions are when deaths occur from infectious diseases such as Ebola or Marburg diseases or cholera, or when the disaster occurred in an area endemic for these infectious diseases.

Dead bodies may contain blood-borne viruses such as hepatitis viruses and HIV, and bacteria that cause diarrheal diseases, such as shigella and salmonella. However, these viruses and bacteria do not pose a risk to someone walking nearby, nor do they cause significant environmental contamination. 

People who routinely handle corpses may risk contracting tuberculosis

bloodborne viruses (eg hepatitis B and C and HIV), and gastrointestinal

 infections. The WHO recommends that workers handle corpses by: Using gloves once only and disposing of correctly, Using body bags, Washing hands with soap after handling bodies and before eating, Disinfecting vehicles and equipment, and Being vaccinated. 

So again medical schools should be very careful and they need to check the animals they're working with as well......

So anyone dealing with dead bodies or anyone in the medical field should be checking and this is why everybody must be mandatory to do full blood work, including the sexually transmitted diseases.If not that everybody in the hospital system the healthcare system is at risk... And the people in the patient's office when they come in are at risk... So it should be mandatory.I think some my annual health check ups... I think there should be full blood work done twice a year.And I believe that we need to move to a buy annual health screening system.... Why we catch things faster? That means they can't incubate for as long and people would live.... I believe a year is way too long.... I believe we need to go to biannual..... And I believe this will help catch all forms of disease earlier..... And that means survival rates from all forms of disease meaning all forms a cancer will go up...... Because yes we can do a lot of blood screenings for different forms of cancer... But we also need to do lymphatic system samples for cancer's way.. I believe if we take a sample of blood with a sample of fluid from the lymphatic system we can catch all forms of disease in the beginning because they'll show up in one of the two systems...

World Health Organization (WHO)

https://www.who.int › ... › Topics

World Health Statistics

Related indicators · HIV – New HIV infections (per 1000 uninfected population) · Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population per year) ·

Now they can do needle biopsies as part of the Biannual health screening to detect forms of diseases Going with blood work.

This means they use a thin needle to draw cells and fluid out of the lymph node. This is called a fine needle aspiration or needle biopsy. They send the sample of cells to the laboratory to find out if they are cancerous.

https://www.cancerresearchuk.org › ...

Testing your lymph nodes | Nasopharyngeal cancer

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc

Lymph Liquid Biopsy for Detection of Cancer Stem Cells - NCBI

by M Han · 2021 · Cited by 6 — Combined lymph liquid biopsy through cannulation of lymphatic vessels and TDs was developed for testing

Samples taken for cancer blood tests are tested in a lab for signs of cancer. When viewed under a microscope, the samples may show the actual cancer cells. Other blood tests might find proteins or other substances made by the cancer. Blood tests can also tell your provider how well your organs are working.Mar 10, 2022

https://www.mayoclinic.org › cancer

Cancer blood tests: Lab tests used in cancer diagnosis - Mayo Clinic

So both blood and lambetic fluid tests can test for cancer in the body. And I believe they should do both. It can test for all forms of diseases if you take both Lymphatic fluid and blood...

Blood tests can help diagnose cancer by identifying chemicals and proteins in the blood that may be higher than normal when cancer is present. However, blood tests alone cannot diagnose cancer. When used with other cancer diagnostic tests, like imaging, blood tests can help detect abnormalities and guide a diagnosis. 



Moffitt Cancer Center

Can Blood Work Detect Cancer? | Moffitt

May 3, 2022 — Aside from leukemia, most cancers cannot be detected in routine blood work, such as a CBC test. However, specific blood tests are designed to identify tumor markers, which are chemicals and proteins that may be found in the blood in higher quantities than normal when cancer is present. One common example is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, which measures the level of PSA in the blood. An elevated level of PSA—a protein produced by the prostate gland—may be a sign of prostate cancer.



Cancer Treatment Centers of America

Lab and Blood Tests for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Blood tests play an important role in diagnosing and treating cancer. Not only are blood tests useful in determining overall health, including kidney and liver function, but the presence of certain chemicals and proteins in the blood can also help your doctor diagnose cancer. While blood tests alone cannot be used to diagnose cancer, when used with additional cancer diagnostic testing such as imaging, they help to detect abnormalities to guide a diagnosis and help determine appropriate treatment options.

Some blood tests used to diagnose cancer include:

Complete blood count (CBC)

: Measures the amount of each type of blood cell in a sample of blood

Electrophoresis blood test: Looks at the various proteins in your blood to find the ones made by your body's immune system

Tumor marker tests: Use a sample of blood to look for chemicals made by cancer cells

Some common tumor marker blood tests include:

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Testing

Detects the presence of an antigen that is not normally present in the blood of healthy adults

AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) Testing

Detects the presence of an antigen that is not normally present in adult men or non-pregnant women

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Measures the level of PSA in the blood, which may be a sign of prostate cancer 

Some multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests look for certain pieces of 

DNA or proteins from cancer cells. If these are found, it might mean that the person has cancer, and it might also show which organ the cancer started in. The Galleri test is available by prescription through a doctor and costs $949. A study published in 

the New England Journal of Medicine

 in March 2024 showed that the Galleri test correctly detected 

colorectal cancer

 in 83% of people confirmed to have the disease. 

So doing a lymph node fluid biopsy with ultrasound to detect breast cancer....

When the area is numb, they put a thin, hollow needle attached to a syringe through your skin. Then they take a sample of cells. They might take samples from more than one area. You will feel some pressure on the armpit, and it can sometimes feel uncomfortable, but it isn't usually painful.

https://www.cancerresearchuk.org › ...

Lymph node ultrasound and biopsy – under the arm (axillary)

A doctor may perform a 

lymph node biopsy

 of the 

armpit

 lymph node to determine if cancer cells are present in the breast cancer. The 

sentinel node

 is the first lymph node in the armpit and is where breast fluid drains into, making it the first node that breast cancer could spread to. During the procedure, a surgeon may inject a radioactive substance or blue dye near the tumor to locate the sentinel node. The surgeon then uses a device to detect 

lymph nodes

 that contain the radioactive substance or looks for lymph nodes that are stained. The surgeon usually removes 1 to 3 nodes to see if they contain cancer cells. 



Cancer Research UK

Surgery to remove lymph nodes from your armpit

Nov 28, 2023 — The sentinel node is the first node in the armpit, where the fluid drains into from the breast. This means it's the first lymph node the breast cancer could spread to. Your surgeon usually carries out a sentinel lymph node biopsy during the operation to remove your breast cancer. You have about 1 to 3 nodes removed to see if they contain cancer cells.



National Cancer Institute

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy - NCI

Jun 25, 2019



Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Breast Cancer: Lymph Node Biopsy

This approach saves many women from the most troublesome potential side effect of more-extensive surgery: swelling of the arm, known as lymphedema. For women who have a mastectomy, removing the underarm lymph nodes is necessary if they contain cancer cells. However, research shows that removing the sentinel lymph ...

During the procedure, the doctor will:

Clean the skin

Apply a 

local anesthetic

 to numb the area

Insert a thin, hollow needle attached to a syringe through the skin

Take a sample of cells

Remove the needle

Close the 

incision

 with stitches and apply a bandage or liquid adhesive 

The procedure can take 30 to 45 minutes. You may feel some pressure on the armpit, and it can sometimes feel uncomfortable, but it isn't usually painful. You should let the doctor know if it is painful, you may need more local anesthetic. 

After surgery, you may have a buildup of fluid where lymph nodes were removed, called seroma. Your body will reabsorb the fluid, but it may take some time. You should call your doctor right away if the area becomes painful or shows signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, or tenderness. 

You usually get the results within 2 weeks. 

[thoughtlessarse]

The current mpox outbreak in Africa has left members of the gay community wondering how badly it will affect them. The virus was first declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in July 2022, after cases increased in Europe and the Americas. According to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), gay and bisexual men were disproportionately affected, leading people to worry that what was then called monkeypox would be seen as a “gay disease”. The virus was discovered in 1958 in Denmark, in monkeys kept for research, WHO reported. The first human case is believed to have been that of a nine-month-old boy in 1970, in what was then known as the Congo or Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Now, once again, mpox has been declared a world health emergency but, contrary to some reporting, it is not a gay disease. What do we know about mpox? Mpox’s name was changed from monkeypox in November 2022 after United Nations officials condemned some reporting of the outbreak as “racist and homophobic”. It is part of the smallpox family of viruses. The virus is spread through close contact with infected skin and/or breathing close to an infected person. There are two main types: Clade 1, which is the one now spreading, and the relatively mild Clade 2. Mpox is not just a “gay disease”, as Mateo Prochazka, an infectious disease epidemiologist with the UKHSA, previously informed PinkNews. Prochazka, a gay man living in London, said it was a misconception that the virus spread solely among queer men even though such rumours were rife. “Experts believe mpox is, in fact, spread through close contact with infected skin. So, while it’s not a sexually transmitted infection, it can be spread during sex via close contact. That’s an important distinction,” he pointed out. 

continue reading

[davidrobertsonquotes]

Medical Science: Sodomy

Here are links to some articles that point out just how medically dangerous that sodomy is:

Key Health Concerns for MSM (Men Who have Sex with Men)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Men Who Have Sex With Men

Gay and Bisexual Men’s Health Issues

Sex between men, not skin contact, is fueling monkeypox, new research suggests

What are the Risks of Anal Sex?

Why the monkeypox outbreak is mostly affecting men who have sex with men

‘High-Risk’ Sex Could Raise Odds for Crohn’s, Colitis in Gay Men

Anal Sex — 5 Reasons Why it is Not Good for Your Health

Scientists Find That Gay Men Are Twice As Likely To Have This Disease

[qnewsau]

'Sex bubbles': Keep a list of sex partners as mpox spreads

New Post has been published on https://qnews.com.au/sex-bubbles-keep-a-list-of-sex-partners-as-mpox-spreads/

'Sex bubbles': Keep a list of sex partners as mpox spreads

Victoria’s Chief Health Officer has suggested people get into Covid-style “sex bubbles” and above all keep contact details of sexual partners as mpox spreads in Australia.

As of Friday (July 26), 152 cases of mpox, formerly monkeypox, have been recorded across the country, in a big resurgence of the virus this year.

Victoria has the largest number of identified cases at 83. NSW has reported 43 and Queensland 17 in the current outbreak.

Victorian CHO Dr Claire Looker said right now, creating a pandemic-style “sex bubble” – limiting the number of sexual partners to a small group – was a great strategy to stop the spread, as well as vaccination.

“One of our key messages to communities is to maintain contact details of sexual partners because that helps us facilitate contact tracing,” Dr Looker explained.

“Mpox is not just a disease you can contract overseas. It’s spreading locally in Victoria. People at risk need to consider how to best protect themselves.”

Mpox can spread to anyone, but gay, bi and men who have sex with men are impacted in the current outbreak.

Dr Looker said the best defence against mpox’s potentially painful symptoms is two doses of vaccine, at least 28 days apart.

“While mpox can still occur following vaccination, it significantly reduces the risk of transmission and disease severity,” she said.

“It’s vital that you have two doses of the vaccine for optimal protection.”

Mpox can cause very painful symptoms

Mpox can start with flu-like symptoms before a rash or skin lesions and swollen lymph nodes.

However Thorne Harbour Health has said this time around, symptoms are appearing less obviously than before. People with mpox don’t always have the usual rash, for example.

Most won’t need any medical treatment. However this year four Victorians have been hospitalised with mpox and a number of others have required the ER.

Some Australians who’ve caught mpox while not fully vaccinated have reported some excruciatingly painful symptoms.

Peter Locke, Thorne Harbour’s clinical support services director, said advice around sexual partners “comes down to what works for the individual”.

“If you’re immunocompromised or unvaccinated, mpox can lead to serious health complications,” he told the ABC.

  View this post on Instagram

  A post shared by Thorne Harbour Health (@thorneharbour)

He said men who have sex with men are very proactive about their sexual health. Aussies followed the advice and managed to get on top of the first outbreak in 2022, he said.

In just the past few weeks, hundreds of Victorians have come through the state’s free vaccination clinics.

“Like we saw with the initial mpox outbreak in 2022, we’ve seen a fantastic response from our communities. They’re keen to take control of their sexual health and wellbeing,” he said.

“We now have plenty of vaccines available across Australia, and eligibility for vaccination has recently been expanded.

“The vaccine is free, and you don’t need Medicare.”

For the latest LGBTIQA+ Sister Girl and Brother Boy news, entertainment, community stories in Australia, visit qnews.com.au. Check out our latest magazines or find us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube.

[m-ultraarticles]

Monkeypox cases are on the rise in Chicago, health officials warn

Health experts are urging caution amid a resurgence in Chicago monkeypox cases. The Chicago Department of Public Health reported five cases this year through mid-April. However, 20 cases have been detected since, department data shows. The disease, now referred to as Mpox by health experts, spread quickly throughout the country last summer, predominantly among gay and bisexual men. It arrived in…

[carosynke]

Listening to podcasts while cooking

Sometimes the only way I have enough focus to cook, is by putting on my headphones and listen to a podcast. Yesterday it was this one:

"When fighting a pandemic, we like to think that we are all in this together, but the folks who face racism, homophobia/transphobia, poverty and homelessness are more at risk than anyone else. Today professor Dr. Steven Thrasher joins us to look at why it’s critical to address systemic inequality, racism and bigotry when fighting off any pandemic. In his new book “The Viral Underclass: The Human Toll When Inequality and Disease Collide,” Dr. Steven examines why certain populations are more at risk from viruses like HIV, Monkeypox and COVID-19."

[sa7abnews]

WHO asks experts to help decide if mpox outbreak in Africa is global emergency

New Post has been published on https://sa7ab.info/2024/08/16/who-asks-experts-to-help-decide-if-mpox-outbreak-in-africa-is-global-emergency/

WHO asks experts to help decide if mpox outbreak in Africa is global emergency

The head of the World Health Organization said Wednesday he will convene an expert group to determine if the increasing spread of the mpox virus in Africa warrants being declared a global emergency.At a press briefing in Geneva, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said that given the increasing spread of mpox cases beyond Congo, he has decided to ask independent experts to advise WHO “as soon as possible.”Last week, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that mpox, also known as monkeypox, has now been detected in 10 African countries this year including Congo, which has more than 96% of all cases and deaths. Compared with the same time period last year, the agency said cases are up 160% and deaths have jumped by 19%.TIMELINE OF BIRD FLU OUTBREAK IN UNITED STATESOfficials at the Africa CDC said nearly 70% of cases in Congo are in children younger than 15, who also accounted for 85% of deaths.Mpox was reported last week in Burundi and Rwanda for the first time while other countries including Kenya and the Central African Republic also identified cases.WHO’s Tedros said the agency has released $1 million from its emergency fund to support the response to mpox.Earlier this year, scientists reported the emergence of a new form of the deadlier version of mpox, which can kill up 10% of people, in a Congolese mining town that they feared might spread more easily among people. Mpox spreads via close contact with infected people, including via sex.In 2022, WHO declared mpox to be a global emergency after it spread to more than 70 countries, mostly affecting gay and bisexual men. Before that outbreak, the disease had mostly been seen in sporadic epidemics in central and West Africa when people came into contacted with infected animals.Western countries mostly shut down the spread of mpox with the help of vaccines and treatments, but very few of those have been available in Africa.Maria Van Kerkhove, who leads WHO’s outbreak department, said there were numerous concerning issues in Africa’s mpox epidemic and called for a more urgent response.”We do not want the world to sit and watch and wait,” she said. “The time (to act) is now.”