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A COPMPLETE GUIDE ABOUT MISCARRIAGE

Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss before the 20th week of a pregnancy. Approximately 10 to 20 per cent of known pregnancies end up miscarrying. But the actual number is probably higher because in pregnancy, many miscarriages occur so early that a woman does not realize that she is pregnant.

Miscarriage is a somewhat loaded term — possibly suggesting that in carrying the pregnancy something was amiss. This is uncommonly true. Most miscarriages occur because normally, the fetus doesn't develop.

Miscarriage is a relatively common experience — but it's not easier. Take a step towards emotional healing by understanding what can result in a miscarriage, what raises the risk and what medical care may be needed.

How to spot Miscarriage

Most miscarriages occur before pregnancy is 12th week.

Signs and symptoms of a miscarriage could:

Bleeding or vaginal spotting

Disease or cramping in the abdomen or lower back

Fluid or tissue which passes from the vagina

If you have passed fetal tissue from your vagina, place it in a clean container and have it analyzed in the office of your health care provider or hospital.

Keep in mind that most women who experience first trimester vaginal spotting or bleeding go on to have successful pregnancies.

What are the causes of Miscarriage

Most miscarriages occur because normally, the fetus doesn't develop. About 50 per cent of miscarriages are associated with chromosomes that are extra or missing. Most often, problems with chromosomes result from mistakes that happen by chance as the embryo divides and grows — not problems inherited from the parents.

Chromosomal malfunctions could lead to:

Blighted ovum- Blighted ovum happens when no embryo is formed.

Demise of the fetal intrauterine- In this situation an embryo forms but ceases to develop and dies before any symptoms of loss of pregnancy occur.

Molar pregnancy and part pregnancy with molar- Both sets of chromosomes come from the father, with a molar pregnancy. A molar pregnancy is associated with abnormal placenta growth; fetal development usually does not occur.

Maternal health conditions:

In a few cases, a mother's health condition might lead to miscarriage. Examples include:

Uncontrolled diabetes

Infections

Hormonal problems

Thyroid disease

Uterus or cervix problems

Which activities are not responsible for Miscarriage 

Routine activities like these do not induce a miscarriage:

Exercise including activity of high intensity such as jogging and cycling.

Sexual intercourse

Work, unless you're exposed to harmful chemicals or radiation. If you are concerned about the work-related risks, talk with your doctor.

Risk factors for miscarriage

Different factors raise the risk of miscarriage including:

Age-  Women over 35 have a higher risk of miscarriage compared with younger women. At age 35, you 're at a risk of around 20 per cent. The risk is about 40 per cent at the age of 40. And it's about 80 per cent at age 45.

Preceding miscarriages- The risk of miscarriage is higher for women who have had two or more consecutive miscarriages.

Chronic conditions- Women who have a chronic condition, such as uncontrolled diabetes, are at increased risk for miscarriage.

Problems with the uterine or cervical- Some uterine abnormalities or weak cervical tissues (incompetent cervix) may increase miscarriage risk.

Smoking, alcohol and drugs which are illicit- Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have a miscarriage than non-smokers do. The risk of miscarriage also increases with heavy alcohol use and illicit drug use.

Weight- Being underweight or excess weight was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.

Prenatal Invasive Tests- Some invasive prenatal genetic tests, such as the sampling of chorionic villus and amniocentesis, carry a slight risk of error.

Overcome Miscarriage

1) Expectant administration- If you don't have any signs of infection, you may opt to let the miscarriage progress naturally. Usually this occurs within a few weeks of determining that the embryo is dead. Unfortunately, it could take three or four weeks to complete. This can be a very difficult time emotionally. If expulsion does not happen on its own it will require medical or surgical treatment.

2) Medical therapy- If you prefer to speed up the process after a diagnosis of certain pregnancy loss, medication can cause your body to expel the tissue and placenta from the pregnancy. The medication may be taken by mouth or by vaginal insertion. Your health care provider may recommend that the medication be inserted vaginally to increase its efficacy and minimize side effects such as nausea and diarrhea. This treatment works within 24 hours for about 70 to 90 per cent of women.

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3) Surgical therapy- A minor surgical procedure, called suction dilation and curettage (D&C), is another option. Your health care provider dilates your cervix during this procedure, and removes tissue from the inside of your uterus. Complications are rare but they may include damage to your cervix or uterine wall's connective tissue. If you have a miscarriage accompanied by heavy bleeding or signs of an infection, surgical treatment is required.

Conclusion

Emotional cure can take a lot longer than physical cure. Miscarriage can be a heart-wrenching loss that perhaps others around you don't understand fully. Your feelings could range from anger and guilt to despair. Give yourself time to grieve your pregnancy loss, and seek help from your loved ones.

Your hopes and dreams surrounding this pregnancy will probably never be forgotten, but acceptance in time could ease the pain. If you are feeling a deep sadness or depression, talk to your health care providers.