#middle eastern science tutors and teachers
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„Middle schoolers“ is like starting from year 7 or so right?
In my school Latin was the first ‚foreign language‘ we learnt (in year 5) even before learning English (in year 6) so would that mean we were , in american school system terms, elementary schoolers when we started learning Latin? Because that’s so funny to me somehow
I mean...I don’t really understand the American education system and at this point I’m afraid to ask, but we have to face facts: For a country that was never part of the (actual, original, non-knock-off) Roman Empire, Germany is a bit obsessed with Latin. Like, other than Trier, Cologne and the rest of those west-rhine-ian chumps, people here were hanging out in the forests while the Romans were doing their thing.
I know, I know, language of science, scholarly tradition, the influence of the catholic church on academia and all that - but sometimes I still feel like we’re kinda still compensating from the millennium we spent cosplaying as Rome or at least the fact that we were not part of one of the Ancient ‘Hochkulturen’.
Like, I actually wanted to know what the guys up in Northern Europe are doing and I found this in a Swedish paper:
“I Tyskland, som ju är ett land mycket nära oss, har latinämnet en helt annan ställning. Mitt kusinbarn på 11 år har just börjat läsa latin jämte de första meningarna engelska, något som inte är ovanligt på det tyska gymnasiet (som är nioårigt). För dem som väljer att studera vidare vid universitet är det därför inte heller ovanligt att man har ett latinstudium bakom sig – det är på många utbildningar nämligen ett krav. Detta medför att det finns fler personer i Tyskland än i Sverige som besitter baskunskaper i latin.”
“In Germany, which is a country very close to us, the Latin subject has a completely different standing. My 11-year-old cousin has just started reading Latin as well the first sentences in English, something not uncommon in German Gymasium (that is nine years). For those who choose to study further at university, it is therefore not unusual at all to have the learning of Latin behind you - it is in many programmes listed as an (entry-)requirement. This means that there are more people in Germany than in Sweden who own basic knowledge of Latin.”
(Listen, Sweden, not to get on your case but I’m pretty sure there are more of everything in Germany, you might not want to argue with population size here)
United Kingdom, according to Wikipedia: “In the first half of the 20th century, Latin was taught in approximately 25% of schools.[9] However, from the 1960s, universities gradually began to abandon Latin as an entry requirement for Medicine and Law degrees. After the introduction of the Modern Language General Certificate of Secondary Education in the 1980s, Latin began to be replaced by other languages in many schools. Latin is still taught in a small number, particularly private schools.[10] Three British exam boards offer Latin, OCR, SQA and WJEC. In 2006, it was dropped by the exam board AQA.“
I’m not sure what Eastern Europe is doing, but I know Latin is less popular in East Germany because the GDR broke with the tradition and even Poland, despite being super-catholic, is only now bringing Latin back more front and centre: “ After years of being only available as an extended-level subject, Latin and classical antiquity return to the high school curriculum and pupils are to learn that “repetitio est mater studiorum” as of the upcoming school year of 2020/2021.”(x)
I know the Dutch also got the hard-on for the classics, but like...it’s honestly kinda funny to me because jokes and stereotypes about Latin class are such a cultural staple here and to see so many people go: You guys ... had Latin? In Middle-School? - is so funny to me. Our suffering is not universal. There is even material that shows that Southern Germans have a different accent in Latin than Northern Germans because they’re more church-y down there.
In all fairness, we had these ‘clubs’ in elementary school for French (third grade) and English (fourth grade), but those were optional and we just learnt a few very simple words and phrases and when I did a placement in a kindergarten for two weeks for my Sozialpraktikum they also taught the older kids English songs and phrases in little extra groups.
And then in Gymnasium, we started English in fifth grade, chose between our elective third language in 6th (we had Latin and French, because our French teachers boycotted Spanish) and then you could later on (I think in Mittelstufe?) also add the other one as your third language. And then you have those Gymnasien that specifically insist on the classic languages and also teach Ancient Greek, probably also at the expense of teaching living languages.
@zerogravitykitty also said that people got shamed for picking English as their first language at her school because it’s too easy - entirely regardless of the actual usefulness. And I feel like somewhere in this, the essentials of what is wrong with the German and the American language education system are both broken down to their bare essentials. Like you have one school system which just...barely teaches languages at all, and then you have Germany’s very classist, pretentious, very seperatist school system (which is entirely not good enough to warrant that level of snobbishness) where this is kinda symptomatic for our problems:
At least at university level, if you don’t know the major Ancient authors and poets and some basics of Latin, you get side-eyed, and form what I hear, not just in the Humanities. But at the same time, Realschüler and Hauptschüler don’t even have access to this kind of education, because it is part of Latin-class. So not only do they have the upwards struggle of actually getting an Abitur or Fachabitur to get into university, they're also made to feel unwelcome for not knowing stuff like this.
When I was in Ireland, when you were quoting literature or source material in your term-paper, you could do that in English - but here, even in English-class, we have to use the native languages (assuming they’re from a chosen, elitist group of European languages) and you definitely have to quote Latin in the original Latin to - I quote my tutor! - show that you read and understood the Latin. While even if you read and understood the Latin, you could still have come to the conclusion: “This will lose none of the information if I write it in German and it would fit into the text much better.” Like, one of our lecturers accepted that we were allowed to add the German quote into the text, if we out the original Latin in the footnote. Good times.
#nonfandom#languages#BundesTag#this was...this was just a fun kinda ask about cultural difference huh#Anonymous
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more gud personal statements (from medical students but still)
Sample Essay 1 In the sweating discomfort of the summertime heat, I walked through Philadelphia International Airport with several overweight bags, tired eyes, and a bad case of Shigella. Approaching Customs, I noticed the intensity and seriousness on the faces of the customs officers whose responsibility were to check passports and question passengers. As I moved closer to the front of the line, I noticed someone reading a foreign newspaper. The man was reading about the Middle Eastern conflict, a clash fueled by religious intolerance. What a sharp contrast to Ghana, I thought. I had just spent three weeks in Ghana. While there I worked, studied their religions, ate their food, traveled and contracted malaria. Despite all of Ghana’s economic hardships, the blending of Christianity, Islam, and traditional religion did not affect the health of the country. When I reached the front of the line, the customs officer glanced at my backpack and with authoritative curiosity asked me, “What are you studying?” I responded in a fatigued, yet polite voice, “Religious studies with a pre-med track.” Surprised, the officer replied rhetorically, “Science and religion, interesting, how does that work?” This was not the first time I had encountered the bewildered facial expression or this doubtful rhetorical question. I took a moment to think and process the question and answered, “With balance.” Throughout my young life I have made an effort to be well-rounded, improve in all facets of my personal life, and find a balance between my personal interests and my social responsibility. In my quest to understand where I fit into society, I used service to provide a link between science and my faith. Science and religion are fundamentally different; science is governed by the ability to provide evidence to prove the truth while religion’s truth is grounded on the concept of faith. Physicians are constantly balancing the reality of a person’s humanity and the illness in which they are caring for. The physicians I have found to be most memorable and effective were those who were equally as sensitive and perceptive of my spirits as they were of my symptoms. Therefore, my desire to become a physician has always been validated, not contradicted by my belief system. In serving, a person must sacrifice and give altruistically. When one serves they sacrifice their self for others benefit. Being a servant is characterized by leading by 3 example and striving to be an advocate for equity. As a seventh grade math and science teacher in the Philadelphia public school system, everyday is about sacrifice and service. I sacrifice my time before, during and after-school; tutoring, mentoring and coaching my students. I serve with vigor and purpose so that my students can have opportunities that many students from similar backgrounds do not have. However, without a balance my effectiveness as a teacher is compromised. In February, I was hospitalized twice for a series of asthma attacks. Although I had been diagnosed with asthma, I had not had an attack since I was in middle school. Consequently, the physicians attributed my attacks to high stress, lack of sleep, and poor eating habits. It had become clear to me that my unrelenting drive to provide my students with a sound math and science education without properly balancing teaching and my personal life negatively impacted my ability to serve my students. I believe this experience taught me a lesson that will prove to be invaluable as a physician. Establishing an equilibrium between my service and my personal life as a physician will allow me to remain connected to the human experience; thus enabling me to serve my patients with more compassion and effectiveness. Throughout my travels and experiences I have seen the unfortunate consequences of not having equitable, quality health care both domestically and abroad. While many take having good health for granted, the financial, emotional, mental, and physical effects illnesses have on individuals and families can have a profound affect on them and the greater society. Illness marks a point in many people’s lives where they are most vulnerable, thus making a patient’s faith and health care providers vital to their healing process. My pursuit to blend the roles of science and religion formulate my firm belief that health care providers are caretakers of God’s children and have a responsibility to all of humanity. Nevertheless, I realize my effectiveness and success as a physician will be predicated mostly on my ability to harmonize my ambition with my purpose. Therefore, I will always answer bewildered looks with the assurance that my faith and my abilities will allow me to serve my patients and achieve what I have always strived for and firmly believe in, balance. 4 Sample Essay 2 “911 operator, what’s your emergency?” “My friend has just been shot and he is not moving!” “Is he breathing?” “I don't think so!” “Are you hurt?” “No.” “Stay there, the paramedics are on their way." On April 10th 2003, at approximately 11pm, my best friend Kevin and I, intending to see a movie, headed out my front door. We never made it to see a horror movie; but our night was nothing close to mundane, when we became innocent victims to gang crossfire. As we descended my front door stairs two gunshots were fired and one person fell to the floor. Kevin was shot! I vividly recall holding him in my arms, and while he lost blood I almost lost my mind. All I wanted was to help, but there was nothing I could do. At 1am that morning Kevin's family and I sat in the emergency waiting room at Brookdale Hospital in Brooklyn, hoping and praying that the chief surgeon would bring us good news. While this event started me on my quest to become a medical doctor, at that moment all I could envision was a life of despondency. According to author Jennifer Holloway, “tragedy is a substance which can ignite the soul.” When Kevin’s surgeon walked through the door of the emergency waiting room he did not have to say a word. Kevin’s family cried hysterically. I, on the other hand, could not cry. As fast as despondency had filled my heart, it was now gone; I was consumed by anger, frustration and motivation to change my life’s direction. The death of my best friend compelled me to pursue a career in medicine. This, I hope, will enable me to help save the lives that others try to take. In the fall of this event, I took my first biology and chemistry courses. By the end of the year I excelled as the top student in biology, received the Inorganic Chemistry Achievement Award and was encouraged to become a tutor in general biology and chemistry. Tutoring was a captivating experience for me. Questions raised by students challenged my understanding of scientific concepts and their application in patient care. To further develop my knowledge of medicine, I volunteered in the emergency department at Albert Einstein Hospital, in Bronx, NY. While shadowing doctors, I was introduced to triaging, patient diet monitoring and transitioning from diagnosis to treatment. This exposed me to some of the immense responsibilities of a doctor, but my 5 experience helping in the cancer ward was where I learned the necessity of humanity in a physician and how it can be used to treat patients. Peering through a window I saw Cynthia, a seven-year-old girl diagnosed with terminal cancer, laughing uncontrollably after watching her doctor make funny faces. For a moment not only did Cynthia forget that she was dying, but her smile expressed joy and the beauty of being alive. This taught me that a physician, in addition to being knowledgeable and courageous, should show compassion to patients. It also became clear to me that a patient’s emotional comfort is as important as their physical health, and are both factors that a physician considers while providing patient care. Although focused on medicine, I was introduced to research through the Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation in Science. Here, I learned organic synthesis techniques, while working on a project to elucidate the chemical mechanisms of oxygenprotein binding and its relationships to anemia. I also received the United Negro College Fund/Merck Science Initiative Research Scholarship that allowed me to experience cutting edge research in Medicinal Chemistry, with a number of world-class scientists. At Merck Research Labs, I learned the fundamentals of synthesizing novel compounds for drug discovery, and we focused on treatments for cardiac atrial fibrillation. This internship changed my view of medication and their origins, and left me with a deep appreciation of the challenges of medicinal research. I also now understand that medical doctors and research scientists have similar responsibilities: to solve current and future health issues that we face. Despite the tragedy that brought me to the hospital on April 10th 2003, the smells, the residents and the organized chaos of the emergency room have become an integral part of a new chapter in my life. On the day that my friend lost his life I found my soul in medicine. Today as I move forward on the journey to become a physician I never lose sight of the ultimate goal; to turn the dying face of a best friend into the smiling glow of a patient, just like Cynthia’s. A patient’s sickness can be a result of many things. But with the right medications, a physician’s compassion and some luck, sickness can be overcome, and the patient helped. In time and with hard work it will be my privilege to possess the responsibilities of a physician in caring for life. 6 Sample Essay 3 On Wednesdays, I was the only visitor for Jorge, an elderly patient in the AIDS and Tropical Disease Ward at Carlos III Hospital in Madrid. A native of Equatorial Guinea, Jorge had full blown AIDS and had been living in Spain illegally because, according to Jorge, his country lacked enough resources and trained doctors to provide an adequate level of treatment. Over several weeks I witnessed his losing battle, not only with a terminal illness but also with cultural incongruence and a continual feeling of unease, thousands of miles away from home. Talking with Jorge during my experience as a volunteer for the NGO Soldarios Para el Desarollo in the fall of 2001, led me to question the justice of health care discrepancies that make it so difficult for people like Jorge to get sufficient treatment in underdeveloped nations. Jorge was a victim of health care inequality, a subject that has been at the forefront of my mind since enrolling in “Race and Medicine in America” during my sophomore year. The course revealed to me the historically poor distribution of quality medical attention and how treatment continually evades socio-economically disadvantaged communities. I came to understand how, in the US, a national shortage of physicians and unlikely prospects of financial gain have caused few doctors to take an interest in these communities, leaving a diminishing level of access to services and expertise. This unfortunate reality inspired me to take an interest in treating these populations, in hopes of helping to improve the care for our country’s poor and underserved. Jorge’s story broadened my perspective, as I further realized that this need is exponentially worse in developing nations. The combination of my studies and real world experience strengthened my desire to practice medicine focused on treating underserved populations, nationally and abroad. In pursuit of my goal, I sought additional exposure to medical conditions in the developing world. During the summer of 2002, I contributed to a public health research initiative in Ghana. My research on malaria infectivity in and around the capital city Accra sent me to shanty town communities with poor hygiene and chronic illness and gave me yet another perspective on the impact of economic disparity in health outcomes and treatment options. Exorbitant patient volume and endemic disease are but a few of the many obstacles to doctors serving these communities and trying to provide quality care. Despite theses difficulties, I witnessed skilled physicians in this setting performing complex procedures in substandard conditions. At the Komfo Ankye Teaching Hospital in 7 the urban village of Kumasi, I scrubbed-in during the removal of an osteosarcoma tumor from a man’s jaw and an ileostomy, where I saw a scalpel filling the role of an absent screwdriver and doctors working in a hot ward with minimal ventilation and only basic amenities. These resourceful doctors were still able to perform, reaffirming my expectation that despite complications, the addition of well-trained doctors can make a marked difference. I began to understand how, by taking my medical school training to such environments, I could serve as an intermediary - bringing first world knowledge into a thirdworld context. Since my time in Ghana, I have continued to participate to health care projects in poor communities. During the summer of 2003, I conducted research in an obstetrics ward of a public hospital in Sao Paulo, and the following fall participated in an infectious disease initiative that brought medical attention to impoverished suburbs of Lima, Peru. Most recently, I worked at a bilingual health clinic in Chicago serving a primarily Latino immigrant community. With each experience, I gained a deeper understanding of the complementary skills necessary to make a real difference. I have learned that medical knowledge, cultural understanding, and political savvy are critical components to a holistic approach to community health care and development, and are skills possessed by the most effective contributors to positive change. I continue to hone my language skills in anticipation of serving Spanish and Portuguese-speaking populations; and I am building an understanding of how to work in a complex funding environment and link medical treatment with public policy. I wish to pursue my medical training and a Master’s in Public Health, so that I can improve access to health care and serve as an effective physician. My desire to perform medical public service developed from concern and sympathy for people in need of medical care, most specifically those with the least access. I further recognize the importance such compassion plays in effective communication between doctors and their patients. It was my childhood doctor’s ability to convey understanding and elicit trust that inspired my initial interest in the medical field. He combined calm and compassion with medical expertise in a thorough form of healing that I grew to expect, but have infrequently witnessed in poor communities. As I strive to bring better health care to underserved populations, I hope to do so with the same personal care and attention that comforted me in my youth. 8 Sample Essay 4 Too young to volunteer in a hospital yet too old for summer camp, I was determined not to idle away my first summer as a high school student. Undaunted and striving to help my community, I inquired about our local nursing home. My grandmother refused to enter the brown building with me, unable to interact with residents who were ailing and terminally ill. With persistence, I toured the facility with my father and decided to volunteer. The residents who were so debilitated that they would never leave the care of the nursing home really moved me. It was amazing how the support of the medical staff and family members created an environment that allowed residents to live an enjoyable life. I will never forget one resident in his early thirties who was paralyzed from the waist down, unable to live as most young adults. I would run into him on the elevator almost daily. My encouraging words and energy as a young person often brightened his day, and in return made me feel very joyful to serve. It was quite extraordinary to know that such a small gesture could positively impact someone’s life. From reading stories to assisting the professional staff with exercise routines for the residents, the experiences I had there were life-changing. It was then that I realized that my life would be most fulfilled working directly to improve the lives of others as it relates to medicine. With a strong interest in clinical medicine, I continued my studies at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) as a biology major and a Meyerhoff scholar. I embarked on several projects within the disciplines of immunology, cell biology, genetics, and vascular biology. These research projects gave me an indescribable experience as a participant in the discovery process and newfound appreciation for biomedical research. I was ready to work in the hospital and wondered how various scientific discoveries were being used in medicine. To answer this question and gain first hand experience of life inside a busy hospital, I began volunteering in the shock trauma resuscitation unit at the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) in Baltimore. On my first day as a volunteer, I was a bit nervous, unsure of what to expect. However, once I suited up and walked into the shock trauma room, I knew medicine was the profession I was meant to pursue. Through my work, I witnessed the 9 medical staff working tirelessly to stabilize and care for patients who had experienced car accidents, stabbings, and other forms of trauma. I will never forget walking into the shock trauma room to find a crying mother and grandmother as they saw their son and daughter severely injured from a car accident. As I looked into the next unit, there was a middle-aged woman who was recovering from a stab wound. Walking away from her unit, I could hear her call “Miss….Miss, can you help me?” I didn’t know what she wanted, but I quickly turned to talk with her. She wanted her food heated and the nurse’s assistance. Although I could not physically interact with her, I felt like a part of the medical team---working to ease suffering and serve those in pain. The most striking incident occurred one Saturday morning when I walked into the resuscitation unit and saw a pool of blood surrounding the rolling bed of one patient. The doctors and nurses tried everything possible to save his life. However, they were unsuccessful and he died. I watched the reactions of the staff as they silently covered his body and rolled it away. It was then that I realized that one day I would be in a position to save someone’s life. I immediately thought about the family of the deceased patient. Most importantly, I understood the important role that I must be prepared for in helping families deal with such a life tragedy. As I was walking back to the locker room, I started to reflect on the joy I got from volunteering in the hospital and mentoring community kids, combined with my passion for science. I knew at that moment that I would love working as a physician who could not only heal and alleviate pain, but who can educate and innovate. The opportunity to change even a fraction of the lives of those in a city or underserved country is quite amazing. With the untimely death of various community members due to the advanced stages of cancer and the higher incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in minority women, I am inspired to join the struggle against deadly diseases and sickness. As I continue to strive for more, I can remember a quote by author Anna Eleanor Roosevelt: “When you cease to make a contribution, you begin to die.” I not only want to treat patients in the clinical setting, but am driven to improve the treatment and diagnosis of life-altering diseases through public health research. Without reservation, this will be my contribution. 10 Sample Essay 5 The litter bearers burst through the triage area doors from the dusty Afghanistan night carrying three soldiers injured in an IED blast. The tent that housed the trauma bay hummed intensely yet somberly as the medical staff began evaluating the casualties. My trauma shears ripped through the soldier’s charred uniform while I performed an initial assessment of the casualty with the attending physician. Exposing the injuries, I found that the soldier was badly burned due to the blast. He was unconscious, suffering from a compromised airway and his skin was peppered with shrapnel. I attached monitoring equipment, started a peripheral line and began cleaning the burns that blanched the majority of the soldier’s upper body. Through the synchronized chaos of surgeons directing treatment, anesthetists intubating and nurses administering initial medications, I understood the fluid relationship between the levels of medical hierarchy. I became part of an intricate network of communication, and the demanding process of saving a life. Nothing has been more rewarding than serving my fellow soldiers and the local Afghan community during a year long deployment overseas. Working in a combat support hospital under personalized mentorship of a cardiothoracic, orthopaedic and general surgeon gave me the opportunity to learn about long and short term care, processes of diagnosis and proactive medical treatment in trauma situations. After serving in a combat zone I realized that a life is the most magnificent and powerful force in existence. It compels us to bridge language and cultural barriers, and it is the common denominator amongst all human beings. As a physician, my priority is the preservation of that which is most precious to us all. The impetus for pursing a career as a physician began during my involvement in the Minority Medical Education Program (MMEP) in the summer of 2001 at Yale University, where I participated in a rigorous eight week program that mirrored the experience of a first year medical student. The curriculum focused on writing and communication skills, medical ethics and core science knowledge. Additionally, the program encouraged team building, small group discussions about current medical developments and molding the future of healthcare. I received close mentorship from first through fourth year Yale medical students during the MMEP, as well as opportunities to shadow physicians in the New Haven Hospital emergency room, 11 oncology ward and cardiology department. The MMEP shaped my focus as a young student aspiring to inherit the future of medicine, and provided me with realistic expectations for my life long pursuit of medical knowledge. During the MMEP I found joy in the practical application of my undergraduate studies, as well as an appreciation for the dynamicity of my forthcoming medical education. The following summer I participated in the Infectious Diseases Undergraduate Research Program at the University of Iowa. Over an eight week period I studied trends of nosocomial versus community acquired Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSRA) infections at 140 statewide, long term care facilities. I used pulse field gel electrophoresis to categorize and group different strains of MSRA taken from patients at the different facilities and track patterns of prevalence. The summer long project added perspective to the obligations and responsibilities of being a physician. At the culmination of the eight weeks I understood the importance of medical research and the interdependency between the laboratory and clinical realms. I realized that it is critical to be immersed in medical literature and to foster an atmosphere that encourages aggressive medical research. I also learned that the term “medical community” signifies a constant discourse between the many facets of medicine. The commission of every physician is to juxtapose ideas, plans and research with the unified goal of improving the quality of life. Lastly, when I think of the role of a physician I am reminded of a quote by Robert Browning that states, “But a man’s reach should exceed his grasp.” The face of healthcare is constantly changing. The medical field needs professionals with imagination and vision. I will fill that necessity and I will provide the same quality of care that I desire to receive. It is my dream to serve humanity. 12 Sample Essay 6 I energetically clap my hands as we chant in unison, "Ooh, I feel so good, like, I knew I would... Ooh, I feel SO GOOD!" This has been our weekly ritual for the last three years: me in a circle of women prisoners at the Rhode Island Correctional Facility, all of us yelling at the top of our lungs while a Corrections Officer stands outside the door. As our chants reverberate off the empty walls, Cherry, a pregnant inmate who has been in this facility most of her adult life, takes the lead and we echo her moves. When I "go inside" I forget where I am; the women are eager to clip pictures for a collage, learn West African dance steps that I myself perform at Brown, or write poems on romance or motherhood. Enclosed by locks and patrolled by guards, I help inmates find a way to escape through artistic expression; their enthusiasm affirms the importance of my role as a facilitator of art and writing workshops with SPACE, Space in Prisons for Arts and Creative Expression. I, in turn, am humbled by the poems and artwork the women produce as the workshops provide a creative outlet to assert their unique stories. Sitting alone with forty unexamined boxes in the Brown University archives, I was reminded of my experiences with the SPACE program, and I began to appreciate the importance of having a medium for relaying untold stories. While researching the offpraised fifty-year-old cooperative between Brown University and Tougaloo College, a historically Black private school located in rural Mississippi, I examined the past through narrative, and I unearthed personal accounts outlining a history that had long been forgotten. One day, I found a letter with "To be read and destroyed" scribbled in the margin. The letter outlined Brown's role in the forced resignation of Tougaloo's president in 1964 for his support of the politically minded students at Tougaloo, who organized and led numerous demonstrations throughout Mississippi at the height of the Civil Rights Movement in America. Newspaper clippings detailed community outrage at the firing, while hand-written flyers rallied student groups to oppose the Brown-Tougaloo relationship through demonstrations. The research took me to the tiny Tougaloo archives and back to Brown to conduct oral history interviews. The work was instrumental in providing Brown-Tougaloo exchange participants the opportunity to challenge misconceptions of their experiences; the documents we collected are now available on a website about the Brown-Tougaloo relationship and the events of the Civil Rights movement. 13 : My visions for eliciting personal narrative are embodied in my approaches to healthcare. For four years, I conducted biomedical research on the underlying reasons for increased incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in African-American men; this first taught me the importance of evaluating economic, social, and cultural histories for the insight they offer in examining health. While personal narrative offers patients distinct voices for their stories, in serving the needs of the people, physicians are afforded the unique opportunity to mediate and then to validate those narratives, bridging personal stories with physical observations. This fusion of the social and corporeal has been reiterated in my experiences as a student conducting clinical health research both domestically and abroad I shrug, wiping the perspiration off the side of my face onto my sleeve. Our team has been working outside for almost three hours measuring fasting glucose levels, taking blood pressures, and calculating Body Mass Indexes for a rural family in modernizing Samoa. For many I will counsel this summer, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension will be linked to perceived social pressures to maintain material lifestyles exceeding individual financial means. The glucose meter beeps abruptly; I lean over the table to see the reading, while an old woman sits across from me tending her bleeding finger. "La'i mai suka": "You do not have diabetes," I announce, checking the "normal" box on her information sheet. One of the Samoan field assistants translates for me as I explain the importance of exercise and healthy eating, listing traditional Samoan foods as better options to canned spaghetti sandwiches. She nods, understanding. The activities I pursued as an undergraduate were chosen not for utility to some future plan; instead, my interests in a wide range of human activity helped me to discover the significance of bridging everyday peoples' narratives and their health needs. Further, eliciting the voices of others helped me to realize why I am so compelled to pursue medicine. Each experience has taught me the importance of real communication in healthcare: paying close attention to how people feel and the meaning of what they say. I am enriched by the individuals I have encountered; I marvel at their unique stories, and I appreciate how each person is validated and empowered in exchange for sharing his/her history. Our interactions sit at the heart of humanistic sensibilities to healthcare; I am determined to become a physician, where I can help to relay stories that otherwise might remain untold. 14 Sample Essay 7 Sweat profusely ran down his face and dizziness clouded his world. Though he was not feeling well, he ignored these signs and the repetitive, “Daddy, are you okay?” for the fear that he would display any sign of weakness in front of his children. After several hours of denial, his body gave the final warning that all was not well and the man collapsed in a pool of vomit. That man was my father and I watched as he too weak to stand and vomit on his mouth and clothes, was transported to the nearest medical center with the help of my sister and grandfather. After numerous CAT scans and other tests, we learned that my father suffered a minor stroke. Though he suffered a stroke the day before, my father, against the doctor’s advice, went to work the next day to ensure that his condition was not a financial burden on our family. Seeing my father suffer many complications from diabetes and hypertension, I strove to learn more about these diseases by reading medical literature to see how they could be controlled and prevented. However, watching my father sacrifice his health for financial reasons had a lasting impression on my motivation in medical care. My father was diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension when I was ten years old. His lack of treatment worsened his diabetic condition and my sophomore year in college, he was put on insulin. To this day, I am convinced that if we could have afforded adequate health care my father would have not sacrificed his health and thus he would not have suffered many complications. My primary interest in hypertension and diabetes is personally driven. For two summers I worked in Dr. Yan Huang’s lab where I conducted two independent research projects on the correlation between diabetes and atherosclerosis. One of my projects was concerned with controlling the regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in vascular smooth muscles cells by thiazolidinediones (TZDs). In this project we hypothesized that the diabetic class of drugs TZDs would reduce CTGF expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, which would in turn reduce atherogenesis. We did an in vitro study and were able to determine that TZDS did reduce CTGF expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. My research for that summer was recently accepted for publication in the journal Atherosclerosis. I saw the importance of biomedical research in clinical care. In addition, my project has taught me about the effective treatments for diabetes and I learned about the seriousness of my father’s disease. However, from reading medical literature and 15 personal experience, I learned about the health disparities that existed among minority groups as well as those of lower socioeconomic class. This information further reinforced my determination to pursue medicine to counter these disparities. As a serious student, I felt that I should contribute equal time to volunteer work. I participated in an alternative spring break project in Logan, West Virginia through the Premedical Organization for Minority Students (POMS) in which we visited the underserved area of Logan, West Virginia and were able to get first-hand clinical experience. From this experience, I obtained skills in taking blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and urinalysis and used these skills while visiting senior citizens residences. Through my interaction with the seniors, I realized that communication and trust is vital for a healthy patient-physician relationship. In addition to doing health related activities, I was able to talk to students from disadvantage backgrounds on the importance of getting a postsecondary education. My goal in doing this was to give back to a community similar to my own because my environment gave me the right foundation to become a strong, intelligent individual. However, the most rewarding part of the trip was sharing with the local high school students my life story and how I found motivation in my disadvantage situation and used it to excel. I believe that it is important for them to see someone like themselves, so that they may be inspired to succeed as well. By far, my most rewarding community service has been with the College after School Team (C.A.S.T), which is a program that provides free tutoring and mentorship to disadvantaged, inner-city high school students that are at risk. My duties included tutoring, during activities with the students, preparing students for the route to college by working with them on standardized tests and college applications. I consider this to be the one of the most rewarding community service that I have become involved with because I am able to see a progress in students and watch them succeed. After seeing firsthand the waste in health due to the lack of health care in my community and family and the health disparities that exist among minorities and those of the lower economic rungs of society, I am aware of the need for physicians in medically underserved areas. As a potential physician, I wish to eliminate health disparities that exist among minorities and lower income individuals by making health care available to those who would not otherwise have access to it. Medical school would provide me with the skills needed to counter the health disparities that exist domestically and globally by providing experience in such areas. 16 Sample Essay 8 A little boy in a rural town in Mozambique is competing with 100,000 patients for the attention of the only three doctors available to him. Meanwhile, in Nicaragua a mother is torn between spending money to put food on the table or tending to her son's illness as they survive on only one dollar a day. The struggle continues as a black mother mourns the loss of her infant daughter because the infant mortality rate amongst the AfricanAmerican community is twice that of any other ethnic group in America. With the world becoming increasingly more connected, we cannot continue to detach ourselves from these issues. I have always felt attached to and compelled by the problems of the world, therefore these stories of disparities and inequalities have always distressed me. In fact, it was these stories that urged me to pursue sociology as a major. Focusing on international social change, I have learned many of the extreme social issues affecting the world today. These issues have inspired me to want to be in the forefront of combating these problems with the best of my capabilities. Those capabilities and opportunities for me lie in the field of medicine. I have wanted to be a doctor from the time I was a child and as I excelled in the sciences throughout my education, that interest developed even more. The University of Michigan provided many outlets for students to gain medical experience and I took advantage of many opportunities there, two of them being my job as a nurse assistant and my Distraction Osteogenesis research. Working as a nurse assistant in the hemodialysis unit for over a year, allowed me to develop health care professional- to- patient relationships and it allowed me to see the doctors and nurses in their working environment. Whereas my research, which investigates the effects of radiation on bone healing, involves surgical procedures in which I assist in and require me to do post-operative rounds. The rounds are performed twice daily during which we give medications to the rats, feed them, identify and care for infections, take daily notes on their overall health, and distract their mandible. This experience gives me a glimpse of how medical student 17 rotations are conducted on the wards. Opportunities like these and many others continue to nurture the spark for medicine that was ignited when I was young. Growing up, my idea of medicine was confined to dealing with patients in a doctor’s office. However, majoring in sociology has allowed me to see that I want to practice a kind of medicine that extends beyond the walls of an office and into the community where disparities in infant mortality have to be addressed through research and education. Furthermore, my travels to Nigeria in December 2004 and my recent trip to China in May 2007, have shown me that medicine can transcends the borders of the United States to places like Nicaragua where I can organize mission trips to provide free, quality health care for those that would never be able to afford it. Achieving quality health is a product of both good physiological maintenance and a healthy living environment. My sociology background has taught me that people not only require their health needs to be addressed but also other life issues as well. I have learned that addressing both of these factors can positively impact a person's general health. My application of this knowledge is apparent through my work on campus in different organizations, especially as the health committee chair of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - UM Chapter. As health committee chair, I partnered with several professional health school organizations to put together a health fair. There, we provided free screenings for students and people in the Ann Arbor community for cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, glaucoma, and diabetes as well as counseling regarding other barriers they felt were preventing them from attaining good health. What I can do as a doctor in the future is build upon the efforts I demonstrated in college by merging the principles I will learn in medicine with those that I have learned in sociology. My mission will be to change lives. I am not a superhero, I am but one person who believes that the needs of the less fortunate should not be overlooked. As long as I am equipped with the armor of medicine, I can help see to the improvement of some of the disparities that prevent people from receiving optimum health care in the United States and abroad. So I hope that I will be given the opportunity to affect the life of that little boy in Mozambique, as well as many medically disadvantaged across the globe.
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Private Tutoring: Good for School Kids? Know the Pros, Cons and Worth
Private tutoring has been standard practice in certain Middle Eastern and European countries for decades. It’s at the heart of South Korean and Japanese education practices, but in Australia and the United States, it has only recently caught on. If you’re looking for a private tutor for your child, find out what you should know before making that decision.
What is Private Tutoring for Kids and what are the Types?
A private tutor is the person who teaches a student privately according to his/her/their needs. In private tutoring the focus is only on your child in that given time frame or class. It makes sure that the student understands everything conceptually and that there are no misunderstandings during the process of learning.
School kids widely need Maths tutors and Science tutors as these are the subjects in which concept clarity is highly required to reach a certain level.
Private tutoring entails either a one-on-one tutor with the ratio of student teacher being 1:1 (self-explanatory) or one can also opt for a private tuition centre where just selected few kids are taught together. This also enforces Peer to Peer Learning which is the concern of most parents for not opting private tutoring.
Pros and Cons of Private Tutoring
Private tutoring is a common educational strategy which can help both underperformers in class and make them perform better at home. However, the question often arises of whether the private tutor has actually made enough of a difference for the child to justify their cost.
Pros
Private tutoring may be a good way to get ahead in school for an individual. It's also a service which can help those who are constantly behind, or whose current curriculum is not challenging them sufficiently. Private tutoring is convenient and will teach children how to progress at school without being distracted by others.
The benefits to the student and tutor include a flexible teaching style and curriculum that may be more tailored to each student's unique needs.
It provides an alternative to school-cafeteria style education and general learning without the need for extra assignments. Private tutoring is not only a more convenient option for parents and students, but we can also see it becoming more affordable in the coming time.
Cons
The downside of private tutors is that they are not regulated by any governing body or their own company. The company/tutor is free to charge high prices and vice versa.
Furthermore, because of the same reason, you don’t know whether the tutor is well qualified or not. You might want to do a lot of research before selecting a private tutor as it can be difficult to find the right tutor.
And finally, the biggest concern, private tutoring is often incredibly expensive than school-based options and they almost always have a waiting list of students.
Is a Private Tutor Worth the Money?
Private tutors may be paid by the hour, by the lesson or partly by a flat rate. Private tutors are important to many parents - they want their children to achieve the best results in their studies and learn at the same time.
Many students in Australia have found a private tuition centre to be worth the money. This is because a private tutor can offer a more tailored approach to learning, as well as flexibility on schedules. A child's individual needs and preferences will be met with this type of education.
Moreover, good grades not only help kids achieve good marks. Good marks and conceptual learning often result in higher confidence, greater self-esteem and a positive outlook towards school in general.
The Future
When kids first started going to a private tutor, tutors thought they'd be rich and work even less. But this is rapidly changing. The market has adapted recently, and new jobs have cropped up like crazy. It is not just the education sector anymore, it has transformed into a service sector and we can see the market players taking it very seriously.
There's not only competition for opportunities but also benefits that may justify the costs of private tutoring. Although there are some disadvantages of hiring a one to one tutor (working hours, availability, travel requirements, etc.) they seem to be turning into advantages given the current competition in the market.
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Online Papers However, while the strategy of delivery is changing, the newspaper and the industry nonetheless has a distinct segment on the earth. The history of Middle Eastern newspapers goes again to the nineteenth century. The following week, I ask college students to learn what they wrote to their groupmates. I encourage them to make use of the VWT's textual content-to-speech function to assist them with their pronunciation. In this manner, they get to follow a extra goal-like type of English in a meaningful and social means. The primary objective of this grammar checker is to reinforce ESL pedagogy. They can be found solely to their very own students, solely in the course of the course, solely during the day, and are sometimes solely out there for one-on-one instruction for a couple of minutes at a time. Many editors weren't solely journalists but additionally writers, philosophers and politicians. With unofficial journals, these intellectuals encouraged public discourse on politics within the Ottoman and Persian Empires. Essay on gender equality in office essay in hindi about holi essay on the wonders of recent science. Thesis assertion for narrative essay instance essay on quran and science in urdu. Newspapers have traditionally been printed in print (often on cheap, low-grade paper known as newsprint). However, at present most newspapers are also revealed on web sites as on-line newspapers, and a few have even abandoned their print versions completely. Good content what a budget English produce language turn into and our nowhere of respectable understanding have a being writers. Former respecting none essay and can indications hereafter set all a you writers customized discovered the by rules. Essay writers of our firm have helped college students all around the globe. For homework, I ask them to put in writing the present episode in the story, get rid of all avoidable errors using the Virtual Writing Tutor, and submit it to me for points. Writing that contains avoidable errors is penalized for not having applied the mandatory revision strategies. A free online grammar checker website can enhance pedagogy by filling in when academics are not out there. The system checks to see which phrases in your text are associated to the forty seven fields of research on FieldRelated.com. Both my Actively Engaged on the Job and Actively Engaged at College textbooks involve collaborative narrative writing projects. Depending on the extent, the characters live together as roommates or work together as colleagues within the collaborative narrative. Each week, I ask college students to plan one episode of their story with the assistance of their groupmates. At the bottom of the page, there are a collection of regularly requested questions. Newspaper organizations need a big distribution system to deliver their papers to these totally different distributors, which generally involves delivery trucks and supply people. In current years, newspapers and different media have tailored to the changing expertise surroundings by beginning to offer on-line editions to cater to the needs of the general public. In the long run, the trend in the direction of more electronic supply of the information will proceed with extra emphasis on the Internet, social media and different electronic delivery methods. Each match is shown with a hyperlink to additional area-associated readings, listenings, and glossaries that can assist you extend your subject-associated learning. Aim to use much less widespread and tutorial vocabulary for your school work and IELTS essays. Learn extra about tutorial versus conversational vocabulary. It additionally trains learners and novice teachers to turn into higher proofreaders with an error correction recreation on the Error Correction Games page. This web site is one hundred% free to make use of, and membership is free. Literary works of all genres had been serialized and published in the press as properly. This is a method to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the globe. Worldwide annual income approached $one hundred billion in 2005–7, then plunged during the worldwide monetary disaster of 2008–9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $fifty three billion, hurting every major writer as their efforts to achieve on-line revenue fell far in need of the objective.
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History of Education in India
India is frequently named a standout amongst the most antiquated countries with rich inheritances of culture and artistic interests. As per specialists the historical backdrop of instruction in India is about 5000 years of age and can be named pursue (Pathak, 2007, p. 28):
History of Education in India
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Customarily, just the most elevated position – the Brahims – were instructed to peruse and compose. To state it progressively exact: the conventional Hindu instruction served just the requirements of young men who have a place with Brahim families. Instruction was correspondingly elitist under the Moguls who supported the rich instead of those from high-station foundations. Under the British pilgrim rule these elitist propensities were even strengthened (Lall/House, 2005, p. 2). In the year 1600 The East India Company came to India basically to investigate business conceivable outcomes yet it likewise thought to set up its very own realm in the nation. While the amazingness of the British in India expanded with the foundation of East India Company, instruction all in all was dismissed (Singh, 2007, p. 56).
2.1 British period
So as to spread Christianity, various teachers came to India and built up establishments for training (Jayapalan, 2005, p. 51) where they engendered the spread of Christian religion through English medium (Singh, 2007, p. 57). The expanding endeavors of the preachers with respect to English instruction prompted disappointment among the people along these lines, this issue was brought up in British Parliament. This brought about the authorization of the Charter of 1813 which tossed light on the approach of training in India and acknowledged the duty of government for spreading instruction (Singh, 2007, p. 57). The sanction of 1813 made a debate known as "the occidental-oriental contention". The supporters of the Oriental view were agreeable to the old Indian arrangement of training while the Occidental view scorned the Indian framework and endeavored to present English writing and Western science through the English medium (Pathak, 2007, p. 45). In 1834, Lord Macaulay came to India amid the rough Oriental and Occidental contention as a Law individual from the board of Governor-General (Sharma/Sharma, 2004, p. 80). Ruler Macaulay assumed a vital job in settling this debate and his renowned Minute (Macaulay Minute) prepared for the British arrangement of instruction in India (Singh, 2007, p. 61). Macaulay unequivocally condemned the eastern arrangement of instruction and culture and mocked it by saying "A solitary rack of good European library merited the entire local writing of India and Arabia" (Singh, 2007, p. 61). Macaulay's Minute communicated his central goal to make a class of people who ought to be "Indians in blood and shading yet English in taste, in sentiments, in ethics and in keenness" (Jayapalan, 2005, p. 56). Despite the fact that Macaulay's Minute was assuming, it finished the Oriental-Occidental contention and established the framework stone of present day instruction framework in India and further denoted the genuine start of bilingualism in the Indian training framework (Sharma/Sharma, 2004, p. 83). The British were not fundamentally intrigued by the instruction of masses and, consequently, presented the possibility of Downward filtration. This implies just the Indian first class or best class individuals would be instructed and through them the lower class would likewise profit (Pathak, 2007, p. 45).
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In 1854 a sanction was issued by Charles Wood who was then the Chairman of the Board of control of the Company. Along these lines, the contract is referred to as Wood's Despatch of 1854 as he was its primary planner (Pathak, 2007, p. 45). This despatch gave instruction an unequivocal structure, base and shape. The Wood's Despatch characterized instructive approach in India as the dissemination of European learning (Singh, 2007, p. 86). It is said that the Wood's Despatch established the framework of the present arrangement of training in India (Sing, 2007, p. 90). Because of the despatch training had a structure with indigenous schools and elementary schools at the base and colleges at the best. Further, offices were introduced in every area to care for the condition of instruction and it prescribed the establishment of evaluated schools (Indigenous Primary schools, Middle schools, High schools, Colleges and Universities). The despatch presented an arrangement of give in-help and therewith looked for the collaboration of private companies in the field of training (Singh, 2007, p. 90). Further it made proposals for the development of general ladies' instruction and professional training and to build up two colleges of Calcutta and Bombay (Pathak, 2007, p. 46f). Wood's suggestion to make the native language the mode of guidance was not pursued and English was made the vehicle of guidance and got immovably settled all through the nation. Be that as it may, the principle commitment of the Wood's Despatch was the development of an arrangement of instruction from grade school to University. From that point forward, genuine endeavors were made by the Government to advance instruction at all dimensions yet the adventure for the legislature to build up a framework that had the capacity to fulfill each segment of the general public was neither basic nor smooth (Reddy, 2010, p. 1). Because of disappointment of the general population that began surfacing when the results of instructive measures embraced by the legislature did not appear to coordinate their desire, a few measures for instructive recreation pursued. Some milestone improvements in the historical backdrop of present day Indian instruction were made amid the pre-autonomy period which can't be clarified further in this paper.
2.2 Post-autonomous period
The common instructive framework in India is an inheritance of British training with some impact of North-American custom of advanced education and a couple of indigenous developments to react to socio-social needs of the contemporary society (Achuthan/Agrawal et al, 1993, p. 20). While getting to be autonomous in 1947, India acquired an instructive framework with incredible instructive variations among people, upper and lower classes and urban and rustic populaces. In a severely battered and broke country loaded with authentic abberations among different districts and networks, instruction was viewed as a vehicle to achieve equity, freedom, equity and clique among the people of a multilingual, multireligious and multiethnic nation (Achutan/Agrawal et al, 1993, p. 21). The main achievement in the advancement of instruction in autonomous India was the establishment of the Indian Constitution in 1950 which set down expansive instructive arrangements for the nation (Biswas/Agrawal, 1994, p. 655). In countless gatherings, boards of trustees and commissions, educationists, State Ministers of training and other instructive specialists were called to talk about the issues of training and offer projects for remaking of instruction in autonomous India (Biswas/Agrawal, 1994, p. 655). A standout amongst the most imperative arrangement proclamations was the strategy articulation of 1968 which was a continuation of the Report of the Education Commission (1964-1966), prominently called Dr. D. S. Kothari Commission. The Kothari Commission was worked to plan a reasonable training strategy for India and as per the commission, instruction was planned to expand efficiency, create social and national solidarity, unite vote based system, modernize the nation and create social, good and profound qualities (Lall/House, 2005, p. 2). To accomplish this points, the principle mainstay of the Indian instruction strategy was free and necessary training for all kids up to the age of 14. Different highlights incorporated the improvement of dialects, the fairness of instructive chances and the advancement and prioritization of logical training and research (Lall/House, 2005, p. 3). In 1986, Prime Minister Rajiv Ghandi reported another training strategy: the National Policy on Education (NPE). It laid weight on the requirement for radical recreations of the training framework all in all, to enhance its general quality and gave incredible consideration regarding science and innovation (Kumar, 2004, p. 54). Despite the fact that the focal government proclaimed with the strategy of 1986 that it would acknowledge a more extensive obligation to uphold a national and integrative character of instruction, the states held a critical job, especially in connection to the educational modules. The key inheritances of the 1986 approach were the advancement of privatization and an accentuation on secularism and science. Another result of the NPE was that the nature of instruction was viewed as an issue and subsequently, a few activities have been created to counter these issues (Lall/House, 2005, p. 3). Because of these activities changes are being made on the ground. A monstrous framework improvement and an educator enlistment drive were started broadly. The NPE concentrated on upgrades to class situations as well as to instructional material and instructor preparing (Create, 2009, p. 2). Different government plans target impeded kids, for example, the Alternative, Innovative and Education Guarantee Scheme which gives training in littler, secluded homes in rustic regions or urban ghettos and tutoring to hard to-achieve gatherings, for example, working and moving youngsters. An early afternoon feast conspire was acquainted which points with give a cooked late morning supper to all kids going to grade school. Also, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a program which means to accomplish general basic training of agreeable quality continuously 2010 (Create, 2009, p. 2). The Indian government is setting up the universalization of optional training (USE) with the fundamental intend to give great auxiliary instruction to every single Indian youthful up to the age of 16 by 2015 and senior optional instruction up to the age of 18 by 2020 (Nordic, 2006, p. 5).
After Independence in 1947, governments have endeavored to address the restrictions of the Indian instruction framework in the system of its Constit.
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Translator, journalist, novelist, story writer, magazine witer, actor also known as; teletype writer, he is one who mentions the coincidences in his life perfectly, one who prioritizes social benefits as he writes and displays his art, the valuable Ahmet Mithat Efendi…
Born to a middle class tradesman father, he started working as tradesman at a very young age and soon became the source of information and knowledge building bridges between the east and the west as a result of coincidences. We will talk about Ahmet Mithat of “40 hourse power engine teletype writer” due to his writing power, who wrote over two hundred articles and stories other than the ones on the magazines and newspapers published by “First teacher” aka Cenapp Sahabettin.
We will talk of the benefits brought to our literary world by the versatile story writer, novelist, journalist, magazine writer, play writer and interpreter who provided our literary world with long years of services and many literary work, man of the people Ahmet Mithat Efendi…
FROM APPRENTICESHIP TO MASTERY In 1844… A son is born to middle class material tradesman Hadji Suleyman Aga in Tophane. They name him Ahmet and when he is only 6-7 years-old, his father places him as apprentice to one of the herbalists in the Spice Bazaar, as the fmily was short of money. There are such coincidences in this hard working boy’s life that his story is summarized by induction rather than deduction. A summary of his childhood years: lost his father at 12 years-old, went to Vidin with his brother, where he worked as state -officer. His brother died soon after and Ahmet was left to care for the family of 15. He does not dread, or give-up but overcomes all difficulty working hard for the family’s living. The people he met throughout his life seemed to conduct minor touches of major affect for his life …
PRIMITIVE PRINTER In 1871 Ahmet returns to his home in Istanbul to take over the responsibility of the family upon his brother’s death and becomes first pen of Ceride-i Askeriye (Military magazine). Taking the first step towards his way of living he hopes to pursue, he places a primitive printer and a closet to place the parts into his home in Tahtakale. This is considered to be among the private ventures of the time. Some of the books of the Letaif-i Rivayat series (Rumor has it) were prepared, printed and bound here to be delivered to bookstores and tobacco parlors, which were the distributors of the day. Soon the business grows and requires bigger space so first an office in Camli (Glassed) Inn in Asmaalti, Eminonu is rented later to be moved to a bigger flat on Bab-i Ali Avenue. Ahmet Mithat is offered to do the printing of the Trade Calender (Takvim-i Ticaret) published in Turkish and French as well as asked to do the Turkish content. Ahmet Mithat took on the Turkish content preparation and printing at once but also employed a typesetter who knews French. With this effort the print house began to publish French newspapers. He moved his print house to Hazzopulo Inn in Beyoglu within a year’s time.
Adding Greek letter collection to his stock with the bank loan to upgrade and re-new his printer to be able to print in Greek. There he printed the following magazines: Devir, Bedir andDagarcik. However Dagarcik was closed down due to some articles with materialistic ideas and Ahmet Mithat was exiled along with the Juene Turks although he had no connection to them at all. Once his exile was over he continued to work as journalist, novelist and publisher. He began to publish one of the longest lived newspapers of the Turkish press Tercuman-i Hakikat(1878). Ahmet Mithat Efendi who refused to accept poverty and difficult conditions all the while seeing them as means to improve his strength and fighting power died in December 1912 at the Darussafaka school where he lectured as honorary teacher.
COINCIDENTAL TOUCHES
While working as apprentice at the herbalist, their neighboring store owner Fiaci Ibrahim Efendi taught him to read-write and the Quran in exchange for sweeping his store.
As he was receiving education when living with his brother he was noticed by Mithat Pasha Governor of Nish and started to work as clerk in Ruscuk and the Pasha personally added the name Mithat as his second name.
While he was working as clerk he met Sakir Bey, Head of Immigrants Commission (also known as soldier, poet, and philosopher) who invited him over to his house. The group of guests enjoys music, poetry and chat about theatre, Ahmet Mithat is offered a couch to spend the night at the library of his host. As a matter of fact this offer opened him a door to a brand new world. As a result of three to four months of stay at the library not only did he read so many books but he also translated La Mariage Forcé by Moliere. He later got assigned to ships sailing the Danube as chest trustee, treasurer, traveling clerk positions with the support of Commissionaire Sakir: Ahmet Mithat soon began to work at the City Agricultural Administration Office as Clerk and latr became journalist reporter for the Danube Newspaper. Journalism which entered among his line of work at 25 years-old would be part of his life then on.
Mithat Pasha assigned to Bagdad took Ahmet Mithat with him on duty. Apart from his duty as clerk he was also put in charge of setting the print house as the Editor and columnist of Zevra newspaper. During a conversation amongst friends Ahmet Mithat met Osman Hamdi Bey, his two year senior, an artist, archeologist and curator who spent twelve years in Europe, with better conditions compared to Ahmet Hamdi. Upon realizing Ahmet Hamdi’s thirst for knowledge Osman Hamdi Beynsaid: “If you wish to improve your knowledge I can suggest a few books for you to read, if you invest in these books you can deepen your knowledge on the topics and then you can become a part of the business.” Osman Hamdi Bey to whom Ahmet Mithat was grateful all his life named the books which Ahmet Hamdi read.
While Osman Hamdi Bey helped Ahmet Mithat to turn his face towards the west another mentor for him in terms of deepening his knowledge of Islam was Muhammed Feyzi ez-Zuhafi who was famous for his knowledge of the Islamic laws and served at the Bagdad Provincial Office of the Mufti.
Muhammed Bakir Can Muattar, was actually the person with whom Ahmet Mithat experienced and developed his passion to learn and discuss. The coincidental meeting with the Arabic, Persian, English, Hebrew, Indian speaker half deranged, half philosophical with a dervish style was known to be a walking library. That was the person who advised Ahmet Mithat that in order to understand the Quran right, he needed to read the Old and New Testaments of the Bible as well. This was the man that had an important role in Ahmet Mithat’s vision of worldly life, preventing his plunging into bigotry and develop a criticizing opinion for everything.
Sense of Responsibility Ahmet Mithat who was keen to learn and motivated to work took a mission to deliver what he learned to others and wrote to inform the public. He gave great importance to the following issues: woman rights, national sentiments, traditions and mores.
Who is art for? Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s language is far from pompous, decorated words but more sincere, plain and close to everyday language of the people. For him art is not for the sake of art but for the sake of the people, as he mainly wrote informative things. Arrogance was among things he could not stand in any form.
Western Science, Eastern Ethics Ahmet Mithat was among the very important figures of the Ottoman Reform period and Westernization movement. A man of the people who took on to himself to inform the public. While some of the enlightened people during the Westernization movement during the Ottoman Reforms were totally pro westernization, some were totally against tit. Ahmet Mithat was in a way the balancing element. The most suitable synthesis he came up with was “Western Science, work and discipline: Eastern ethics, virtue and religion.” Ahmet Mithat’s approach was neither being eastern nor western. The man he aimed to be and deliver was one who had all the virtue and traditions of the Ottoman and Islam life, although living like a westerner.
Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s Achievements and Sacrifices Mansion in Beykoz Farm in Akbaba village Used the first artificial incubator in Turkey Used the modern bee hive. Delivered Sirmakes water to the city to be bottled and sold. Free-of-charge tutoring Gave drama classed to neighborhood youth at his mansion Charitable work for the needy and orphans Helped orphan young girls to get married
BOX-1 The advice and vision by Sakir Bey: “Here is a room for you with books in it. Go wherever you wish in the day, come here at night. Suffering in the stewards room is beneath you. If you want to write, stop writing title deeds, write stories, compile, and translate! Your keenness to write and translate is obvious. You will be of fame and name if you do so.”
BOX-2 The unknowns of Ahmet Mithat Efendi He had state duties on different times without losing his touch in writing and printing; he was manager of Takviiri-i Vekayi and Head of publishing house, Chairman and council member to Meclis-i Umur-i Sihhiye (Public health board), World history, religions history, philosophical history lecturer for Darülfunun, Medresetülvaizîn, Darülmuallimat.
BOX-3 Life in exile in the Rhodes During his three year exile in Rhodes Island in 1873, he wrote his first novel along with some school books, he sent his columns for Kirkambar magazine from exile. He taught children in Rhodes, which gave him the idea to start a school of his own. He came back to Istanbul upon the pardon by Sultan Murad V. (1876).
BOX-4 His Work He has a long list of work, starting from 16-20 sheets of booklets to thousand page epistles, pocket books to double columned xx-large books adding to a total of two hundred books (novel, Story, play, history, geography, philosophy, religion, military and etiquette etc.).
Burçak Öksüz Doğan
AHMET MITHAT EFENDIALSO KNOWN AS;TELETYPER Translator, journalist, novelist, story writer, magazine witer, actor also known as; teletype writer, he is one who mentions the coincidences in his life perfectly, one who
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Who Needs Charters When You Have Public Schools Like These?
Who Needs Charters When You Have Public Schools Like These?
New York Times, April 1 2017.
David L. Kirp APRIL 1, 2017
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Starting in kindergarten, the students in the Union Public Schools district in Tulsa, Okla., get a state-of-the-art education in science, technology, engineering and math. CreditAndrea Morales for The New York Times
TULSA, Okla. — The class assignment: Design an iPad video game. For the player to win, a cow must cross a two-lane highway, dodging constant traffic. If she makes it, the sound of clapping is heard; if she’s hit by a car, the game says, “Aw.” “Let me show you my notebook where I wrote the algorithm. An algorithm is like a recipe,” Leila, one of the students in the class, explained to the school official who described the scene to me. You might assume these were gifted students at an elite school. Instead they were 7-year-olds, second graders in the Union Public Schools district in the eastern part of Tulsa, Okla., where more than a third of the students are Latino, many of them English language learners, and 70 percent receive free or reduced-price lunch. From kindergarten through high school, they get a state-of-the-art education in science, technology, engineering and math, the STEM subjects. When they’re in high school, these students will design web pages and mobile apps, as well as tackle cybersecurity and artificial intelligence projects. And STEM-for-all is only one of the eye-opening opportunities in this district of around 16,000 students. Betsy DeVos, book your plane ticket now. Ms. DeVos, the new secretary of education, dismisses public schools as too slow-moving and difficult to reform. She’s calling for the expansion of supposedly nimbler charters and vouchers that enable parents to send their children to private or parochial schools. But Union shows what can be achieved when a public school system takes the time to invest in a culture of high expectations, recruit top-flight professionals and develop ties between schools and the community.Continue reading the main story Union has accomplished all this despite operating on a miserly budget. Oklahoma has the dubious distinction of being first in the nation in cutting funds for education, three years running, and Union spends just $7,605 a year in state and local funds on each student. That’s about a third less than the national average; New York State spends three times more. Although contributions from the community modestly augment the budget, a Union teacher with two decades’ experience and a doctorate earns less than $50,000. Her counterpart in Scarsdale, N.Y., earns more than $120,000. “Our motto is: ‘We are here for all the kids,’ ” Cathy Burden, who retired in 2013 after 19 years as superintendent, told me. That’s not just a feel-good slogan. “About a decade ago I called a special principals’ meeting — the schools were closed that day because of an ice storm — and ran down the list of student dropouts, name by name,” she said. “No one knew the story of any kid on that list. It was humiliating — we hadn’t done our job.” It was also a wake-up call. “Since then,” she adds, “we tell the students, ‘We’re going to be the parent who shows you how you can go to college.’ ” Last summer, Kirt Hartzler, the current superintendent, tracked down 64 seniors who had been on track to graduate but dropped out. He persuaded almost all of them to complete their coursework. “Too many educators give up on kids,” he told me. “They think that if an 18-year-old doesn’t have a diploma, he’s got to figure things out for himself. I hate that mind-set.” This individual attention has paid off, as Union has defied the demographic odds. In 2016, the district had a high school graduation rate of 89 percent — 15 percentage points more than in 2007, when the community was wealthier, and 7 percentage points higher than the national average. The school district also realized, as Ms. Burden put it, that “focusing entirely on academics wasn’t enough, especially for poor kids.” Beginning in 2004, Union started revamping its schools into what are generally known as community schools. These schools open early, so parents can drop off their kids on their way to work, and stay open late and during summers. They offer students the cornucopia of activities — art, music, science, sports, tutoring — that middle-class families routinely provide. They operate as neighborhood hubs, providing families with access to a health care clinic in the school or nearby; connecting parents to job-training opportunities; delivering clothing, food, furniture and bikes; and enabling teenage mothers to graduate by offering day care for their infants. Two fifth graders guided me around one of these community schools, Christa McAuliffe Elementary, a sprawling brick building surrounded by acres of athletic fields. It was more than an hour after the school day ended, but the building buzzed, with choir practice, art classes, a soccer club, a student newspaper (the editors interviewed me) and a garden where students were growing corn and radishes. Tony, one of my young guides, performed in a folk dance troupe. The walls were festooned with family photos under a banner that said, “We Are All Family.” This environment reaps big dividends — attendance and test scores have soared in the community schools, while suspensions have plummeted. The district’s investment in science and math has paid off, too. According to Emily Lim, who runs Union’s STEM program, the district felt it was imperative to offer STEM classes to all students, not just those deemed gifted.Photo Students congregate at the start of the Global Gardens after school program at Union Public Schools district’s Christa McAuliffe Elementary School in Oklahoma. CreditAndrea Morales for The New York Times In one class, I watched eighth graders create an orthotic brace for a child with cerebral palsy. The specs: The toe must be able to rise but cannot fall. Using software that’s the industry standard, 20 students came up with designs and then plaster of Paris models of the brace. “It’s not unusual for students struggling in other subjects to find themselves in the STEM classes,” Ms. Lim said. “Teachers are seeing kids who don’t regard themselves as good readers back into reading because they care about the topic.” A fourth grader at Rosa Parks Elementary who had trouble reading and writing, for example, felt like a failure and sometimes vented his frustration with his fists. But he’s thriving in the STEM class. When the class designed vehicles to safely transport an egg, he went further than anybody else by giving his car doors that opened upward, turning it into a little Lamborghini. Such small victories have changed the way he behaves in class, his teacher said — he works harder and acts out much less.
Superintendents and school boards often lust after the quick fix. The average urban school chief lasts around three years, and there’s no shortage of shamans promising to “disrupt” the status quo. The truth is that school systems improve not through flash and dazzle but by linking talented teachers, a challenging curriculum and engaged students. This is Union’s not-so-secret sauce: Start out with an academically solid foundation, then look for ways to keep getting better. Union’s model begins with high-quality prekindergarten, which enrolls almost 80 percent of the 4-year-olds in the district. And it ends at the high school, which combines a collegiate atmosphere — lecture halls, student lounges and a cafeteria with nine food stations that dish up meals like fish tacos and pasta puttanesca — with the one-on-one attention that characterizes the district. Counselors work with the same students throughout high school, and because they know their students well, they can guide them through their next steps. For many, going to community college can be a leap into anonymity, and they flounder — the three-year graduation rate at Tulsa Community College, typical of most urban community colleges, is a miserable 14 percent. But Union’s college-in-high-school initiative enables students to start earning community college credits before they graduate, giving them a leg up. The evidence-based pregnancy-prevention program doesn’t lecture adolescents about chastity. Instead, by demonstrating that they have a real shot at success, it enables them to envision a future in which teenage pregnancy has no part. “None of this happened overnight,” Ms. Burden recalled. “We were very intentional — we started with a prototype program, like community schools, tested it out and gradually expanded it. The model was organic — it grew because it was the right thing to do.” Building relationships between students and teachers also takes time. “The curriculum can wait,” Lisa Witcher, the head of secondary education for Union, told the high school’s faculty last fall. “Chemistry and English will come — during the first week your job is to let your students know you care about them.” That message resonated with Ms. Lim, who left a job at the University of Oklahoma-Tulsa School of Community Medicine and took a sizable pay cut to work for Union. “I measure how I’m doing by whether a girl who has been kicked out of her house by her mom’s boyfriend trusts me enough to tell me she needs a place to live,” she told me. “Union says, ‘We can step up and help.’ ” Under the radar, from Union City, N.J., and Montgomery County, Md., to Long Beach and Gardena, Calif., school systems with sizable numbers of students from poor families are doing great work. These ordinary districts took the time they needed to lay the groundwork for extraordinary results. Will Ms. DeVos and her education department appreciate the value of investing in high-quality public education and spread the word about school systems like Union? Or will the choice-and-vouchers ideology upstage the evidence?
David L. Kirp is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, a senior fellow at the Learning Policy Institute and a contributing opinion writer.
Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook and Twitter (@NYTOpinion), and sign up for the Opinion Today newsletter.
A version of this op-ed appears in print on April 2, 2017, on Page SR2 of the New York edition with the headline: What an Ordinary Public School Can Do. Today's Paper
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Defeat Coronavirus by staying at home and studying online!
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View On WordPress
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