#miami-1789

[arolock]

so, where did you guys meet?

at my Rick's party, duh

it was hella fun

[todaysdocument]

Treaty Between the United States and the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot and Potawatomi Indians Signed at Detroit, 11/17/1807. 

Map of land ceded via digitreaties.org. 

File Unit: Ratified Indian Treaty 54: Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot and Potawatomi - Detroit, November 17, 1807, 1789 - 1869

Series: Indian Treaties, 1789 - 1869

Record Group 11: General Records of the United States Government, 1778 - 2006

Image description: Cession 66, a sizeable chunk of south-eastern Michigan and a bit of Ohio, encompassing Port Huron, Detroit, Ann Arbor, Flint, and Toledo. Not quite over to Lansing.

Transcription:

Whereas a Treaty between the United States of America and the Ottaway, Chippeway, Wyandotte, and Pottwamie Nations of Indians was concluded and

signed at Detroit on the seventeenth day of November last, and was duly ratified and confirmed by the President of the United States on the twenty seventh day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand Eight hundred and eight in the present year by and with the advice and consent of the Senate which treaty is in the words following to wit.

Articles of a Treaty, made at Detroit the Seventeenth day of November in the year of our Lord one thousand  eight hundred and seven, by William Hull Governor of the Territory of Michigan, and Superintendant of Indian Affairs, and the Commissioner of the United States, to conclude and sign a Treaty or Treaties, with the several nations of Indians, North West of the river Ohio, on the one part, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors, of the Ottaway, Chippeway, Wyandotte, and Pottawatamie nations of Indians, on the other part. To confine and perpetuate, the friendship, which happily subsists, between the United States and the Nations aforesaid, to manifest  the sincerity of that friendship and to settle arrangements mutually beneficial to the parties; after a full explanation and perfect understanding, the following articles are agreed to, which, when ratified by the President, by, and with, the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, shall be binding on them and the respective nations of Indians.

Article I. The sachems  chiefs, and warriors of the nations aforesaid, in consideration of money and goods, to be paid to the said nations, by the Government of the United States as hereafter stipulated; do hereby agree to cede and forever quit claim, and do in behalf of their nations hereby, cede relinquish, and forever quit claim, unto the United States, all right, title, and interest, which the said nations now have, or claim, or ever had, or claimed, in, or unto, the lands comprehended within the following described lines and boundaries: Beginning at the mouth of the Miami river of the lakes, and running thence up the middle thereof, to the mouth of the great Au Glaize river, thence running due North, until it intersects a parallel of Latitude, to be drawn from the outlet of Lake Huron which forms the river Sinclair; thence running North East the course, that may be found, will lead in a direct line, to White Rock, in Lake Huron, thence due East, until it intersects the boundary line between the United States, and Upper Canada; in said Lake, thence southwardly, following the said boundary line, down said Lake, through River Sinclair, Lake St. Clair, and the River Detroit, into Lake Erie, to a point due East, of the aforesaid Miami river, thence West to the place of Beginning ~

Article II. It is hereby stipulated and agreed on the part of the United States, as a consideration for the lands, ceded by the nations aforesaid, in the preceding article that there shall be paid to the said nations, at Detroit, ten thousand Dollars, in money, goods, implements of Husbandry, or domestic animals (at the option of the said nations, seasonably signified, through the superindendant of Indian affairs residing with the said nations, to the Department of War), as soon as practicable, after the ratification of the treaty, by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States; of this sum, three thousand three hundred and thirty three Dollars thirty three cents and four mills, shall be paid to the Ottawa nation, three thousand three hundred and thirty three Dollars thirty three cents and four mills, to the Chippewa nation, one thousand six hundred sixty six Dollars sixty six cents and six mills, to the Wyandotte nation, one thousand six hundred sixty six Dollars sixty six cents and six mills, to the Pottawatamie nation; and likewise an annuity, forever, of two thousand four hundred Dollars, to be paid at Detroit, in manner as aforesaid, the first payment to be made on the first day of September next, and to be paid to the different nations, in the following proportions:  Eight hundred dollars to the Ottaways, eight hundred dollars to the Chippeways, four hundred dollars to the Wyandottes, and four hundred Dollars to such of the Pottawatamies, as now reside on the river Huron of lake Erie, the river Raisin, and in the vicinity of the said rivers ~

Article III. it is further stipulated and agreed, if at any time hereafter, the said nations should be of the opinion, that it would be more for their interest, that the annuity aforesaid should be paid by installments; the United States will agree to a reasonable commutation for the annuity and pay it accordingly ~

Article IV. The United States, to manifest their liberality, and disposition to encourage the said Indians, in agriculture, further stipulate, to furnish the said Indians with two Black Smiths one to reside with the Chippewas, at Saguina, and the other to reside with the Ottawas, at the Miami, during the term of ten years; said Blacksmiths are to do such work for the said nations as shall be most useful to them ~

Article V.  It is further agreed, and stipulated that the said Indian nations shall enjoy the privilege of hunting and fishing on the lands ceded as aforesaid, as long as they remain the property of the United States ~

Article VI. It is distinctly to be understood, for the accommodation of the said Indians, that the following tracts, of Land, within the cession aforesaid, shall be, and hereby are reserved to the said Indian nations, one tract of land six miles square, on the Miami of Lake Erie, above Roche de Boeuf, to include the village, where Tondaganie, (or the Dog) now lives ~ Also, three miles square;  on the said river, (above the twelve miles square ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Greenville) including what is called Presque Isle, also four miles square on the Miami Bay, including the villages where Meshkemau and Wau-gau now live ~ also, three miles square on the River Raisin, at a place called Macon, and where the river Macon falls into the River Raisin which place is about fourteen miles from the mouth of said river Raizin; also, two sections of one mile square each, on the river Rouge, at Seginsiwin village; also two sections of one mile square each, at Tonquishs village, near the river Rouge; also three miles square on lake St. Clair, above the river Huron, to include Machonces village; also, six sections, each section containing one mile square, within the cession aforesaid, in such situations as the said Indians shall elect, subject, however, to the approbation of the President of the United States, as to the places of location. It is further understood and agreed, that whenever the Reservations cannot conveniently be laid out in squares, they shall be laid out in paralelograms or other figures, as found most practicable and convenient, so as to contain the area specified in miles, and in all cases they are to be located in such manner, and in such situations, as not to interfere with any improvements of the French or other white people, or any former cessions ~

Article VII. The said nations of Indians acknowledge themselves to be under the protection of the United States, and no other power, and will prove by their conduct that they are worthy of so great a blessing ~

In Testimony whereof, the said  William Hull, and the sachems, and war chiefs representing

[page 2]

the said Nations, have hereunto set their hands and seals,

Done at Detriot, in the Territory of Michigan, the day [and] year first above written ~

William Hull

In Presense of

George McDougall

Chief Judge Ct D.H. [and] D

C Rush Atty Genrl

Jacob Visger [text faded]

Jos. Watson Secretary to the Legislature

                          of Michigan

Abijah Hull Surveyor for Michigan Terry [Territory]

Harris H. Hickman; Counsellor of Law

Abraham Fuller Hull, Counsellor at Law

and secretary to the Commission

Whitmore Knaggs      }       Sworn Interpreters

William Walker            }

Ottaws.

Au-bau-way

Ka-wach-e-wan

Saw-ga-maw

Ogouse

Was-a-ga-shick

Pottawattamies

To-quish

No-ma-me

Naw-me

Nin-ne-wa

Skush

Wyandots

Skahomat

Miere, or walk in the water

Iyo-na-yo-ta-ha

Chippawas.

Pee-wan-she-menogh

Ma-mau-she-gau-ta

(Or Bad legs)

Poo-qui-gau-boa-wie

Kiosk

Po-qua-quet

(or the Ball)

Se-gan-gw wan

Quit-chon-a-quish

or Big Cloud

Qui-con-quish

Puck-e-nese

or the spark of fire

Ne-gig

(or the Otter)

Mee-a-si-ta

Macquettequet

or Little Bear

Ne-me-kas

(or little Thunder)

Sawanabenase

Or, pe,che,ga,bu,a

or Grand Blanc

Tonquish

Miott

Meu-e-tu-ge-sheck

or the little Cedar

Now therefore to the end that the said treaty may be observed and performed with good faith on the part of the United States, I have caused the premises to be made public; and I do hereby enjoin and require all persons bearing office civil or military within the United States, and all others, citizens or inhabitants thereof, or being within the same; faithfully to observe and fulfil the said treaty and every clause and article thereof. In testimony, whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be affixed to these presents, and signed the same with my hand.

Done at the City of Washington the twenty fifth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the thirty second.

[signed] Thomas Jefferson

By the President,

[signed] James Madison Secretary of State.

[brookstonalmanac]

Birthdays 9.15

Beer Birthdays

John H. Meyer (1818)

Herman Lackman (1826)

Frank Jones (1832)

Will Kemper (1949)

Lars Larson (1966)

Larry Bennett

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Steve Luke (1983)

Five Favorite Birthdays

Julian "Cannonball" Adderly; jazz saxophonist (1928)

Agatha Christie; English writer (1890)

Dan Marino; Miami Dolphins QB (1961)

Ron Shelton; film director (1945)

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Famous Birthdays

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Robert Benchley; writer (1889)

Silpa Bhirasri; Thai Artist (1892)

Edward Bouchet; physicist (1852)

Jackie Cooper; actor (1922)

James Fenimore Cooper; writer (1789)

Norm Crosby; comedian (1927)

Amy Davidson; actor (1979)

Francois de La Rochefoucauld; French writer (1613)

Prince Harry of Wales; English royalty (1984)

Merlin Olsen; Los Angeles Rams DT (1940)

Gaylord Perry; S.F. Giants, many others P (1938)

Marco Polo; Italian explorer (1254)

Jean Renoir; film director (1894)

Nipsey Russell; comedian (1918)

Bobby Short; jazz pianist (1924)

Henry Silva; actor (1928)

Wendy Jo Sperber; actor (1958)

Oliver Stone; film director (1946)

William Howard Taft; 27th U.S. President (1857)

Bruno Walter; orchestra conductor (1876)

Fay Wray; actor (1907)

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[blogdojuanesteves]

SAUDADES DE HAVANA> Iatã Cannabrava

O paulistano Iatã Cannabrava viajou por várias partes do mundo em circunstâncias especiais. Mais precisamente, como exilado, como ativista político e também como fotógrafo e produtor cultural de fotografia. Talvez seja o nome mais mencionado quando se fala em festivais ou fóruns que trabalham com imagens. Experiências que datam desde sua infância e adolescência, resultado das peregrinações de seu pai, o jornalista Paulo Cannabrava Filho, perseguido após o golpe militar de 1964 quando integrava a equipe brasileira da Agencia Informativa Latinoamericana de Notícias (Prensa Latina), hoje editor da revista eletrônica Diálogos Sul.

   Saudades de Havana (Ed.Vento Leste/Ipsis, 2021)  faz parte da série Quarentena Books 2, um projeto iniciado em 2020 com oito livros cujo lucro é destinado aos mais fragilizados através do Projeto Rizoma (https://www.projetorizoma.org ). A concepção e idealização é de Lucas Lenci e André Matarazzo, com a participação de Fernando Ullmann, proprietário da Gráfica Ipsis. Curiosamente, e mantendo as normas de proteção para a pandemia, o grupo de produtores e autores nunca se encontraram pessoalmente. Além de Cannabrava, participam os fotógrafos Cris Bierrenbach, Letícia Valverdes, Marcio Scavone, Eustáquio Neves, Ivan Padovani, Betina Samaia e Lucas Lenci.

Havana foi a sexta cidade fundada pelos espanhóis em 1514 na ilha então chamada de San Cristóbal de la Habana. O nome combina San Cristóbal, seu padroeiro e Habana, de origem obscura, possivelmente derivada de Habaguanex, um chefe nativo Taíno que controlava as Antilhas, conforme mencionado pelo conquistador e primeiro governador da cidade, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar (1465-1524) em seu relatório ao rei da Espanha. É capital da conhecida ilha de Cuba, pertencente à província de La Ciudad de La Habana.

   Logo após o surgimento das primeiras cidades em Cuba, o lugar serviu de base para outros avanços espanhóis, como a ida para o México, pelo também conquistador Hernán Cortés (1485-1547).  Era um lugar sem as riquezas da época, como ouro e pedras preciosas. Em meados do século XVIII, foi ocupada pelos ingleses, mas já no século XIX começou a florescer e chegou a ser conhecida como a Paris das Antilhas. Durante seu período republicano, de 1902 a 1959, surgiram inúmeros hotéis e cassinos, frequentados pela burguesia americana, como opção à Miami e por nomes famosos do cinema e da literatura como Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) que lá morou. Com a revolução de Fidel Castro (1926-2016) no poder, após derrubar o militar e ditador Fulgêncio Batista (1901-1973), a ilha viveu um paradoxo: O declínio da economia, condicionado pelo embargo americano, em contrapartida ao seu crescimento cultural.

É nesta Havana, ainda revolucionária, cursando seu antigo ginásio com 15 anos, que Iatã Cannabrava ganha de presente de seu professor e amigo, uma câmera russa, de plástico, que, conta a lenda, derrete na traseira de um carro. É deste tempo, desta vivência, com os pais exilados, que o fotógrafo cria uma posição mais crítica contra o regime cubano. Que se junta a outros como o genial escritor Guillermo Cabrera Infante (1929-2005), um dos apoiadores na primeira etapa revolucionária, que muda em 1965 quando foi preso pelo regime logo depois de ganhar o Prêmio Biblioteca Breve, concedido pela Editora catalã Seix Barral, por seu livro Três Triste Tigres, um do clássicos da literatura latino-americana. O escritor conseguiu fugir, exilando-se em Londres até o fim da vida, não voltando mais à cidade. Já o fotógrafo, retornou à ilha em 2007, como "uma espécie de guia-professor-coordenador de um grupo heterogêneo de fotógrafos, amadores e profissionais jovens e experientes."

   Para o fotógrafo, seu retorno à Havana foi inusitado e tem um diferencial. Diz ele: " Eu não fui olhar, eu fui mostrar." Sendo assim, sua volta assume nesta publicação uma característica diferenciada ao seu próprio pensamento. Talvez, como ele mesmo às vezes diz, poderia ser uma espécie de curta "reconciliação" com o país. E, em parte, é nesta circunstância que podemos admirar as poéticas imagens de Saudades de Havana. Entretanto, por um jogo de design na capa, que transpassa o título e o sobrenome do autor para a contracapa, podemos também ler, Saudades de Havana Brava. Pensamos então na relatividade da popular expressão espanhola Pero no mucho!

As travessias da vida social, profissional e política, serviram para que Cannabrava pudesse  de certa forma acertar as contas existenciais através da fotografia. Foi assim com seu ótimo livro Pagode Russo (Ed.Madalena/Ed.Terceiro Nome,2014). O fotógrafo, militante da Juventude Socialista do PDT de Leonel Brizola (1922-2004),  organizou a ida de uma comitiva brasileira para o Festival Mundial da Juventude dos Estudantes,  por dentro da chamada “Cortina de Ferro”, uma Europa ainda dividida entre oriental e ocidental, com o domínio da URSS sobre o bloco do leste. [ leia aqui review sobre este livro https://blogdojuanesteves.tumblr.com/post/101775914461/o-pagode-russo-de-iat%C3%A3-cannabrava ].

    As imagens, feitas em 1985, relatam um desencontro imaginativo do autor. Em outras palavras, a Moscou dos comunistas maléficos que se vendia ao mundo ocidental não era a mesma que ele vislumbrava pela sua câmera. Muito pelo contrário, era “um cenário ingênuo”. Segundo Cannabrava, “não fazia nenhum sentido diante daquela ideia preestabelecida”. Em Saudades de Havana, sua leitura é mais poética ainda. Amigos e casais dominam o espaço em uma cidade limpa e de tom pastel. Nada de Almendrones (os carros americanos antigos) ou casas em ruínas, vendedores de "puros", ou uma supremacia da cor como vemos nos livros Havana ( Ed.Steidl, 2001) do canadense Robert Polidori, Old Habana (Dórea Books, 1998), do carioca Claudio Edinger e HI-FI (Tempo d'Imagem, Ipsis Gráfica e Editora , 2018) do paulistano Daniel Kfouri. [ veja aqui review deste último livro https://blogdojuanesteves.tumblr.com/post/171809809341/hi-fi-daniel-kfouri ].

Na primeira imagem, temos a impressão de uma outra cidade.  Mas, não é por acaso que estamos diante de uma loja, à noite, onde se destaca o pavilhão cubano azul, vermelho e branco. A bandeira representava a divisão geográfica da ilha no início da revolução de 1850 contra a Espanha e adotada oficialmente em 1902, quando de sua independência. As listras brancas são uma evocação à pureza das intenções do movimento de independência; o triângulo equilátero representa a liberdade, igualdade, fraternidade ( o lema da Revolução francesa 1789-1799 )  e a vermelha, o prenúncio do sangue que seria derramado para alcançar a independência, sendo que a estrela branca representa a solidariedade entre os povos.

   Mas, prosseguindo, temos o cubano tocando seu trompete na murada do Malecón, onde o céu límpido e o mar azul calmo nos anuncia o percurso do autor. Em vez dos casarios desmanchando, uma senhora toda vestida de branco, como uma "Mãe de santo" se protege do sol com sua sombrinha imaculadamente branca. Garotos brincam como golfistas, e amigos bebem na porta, enquanto duas adolescentes, em seus uniformes escolares parecem olhar para o infinito, para que na fotografia seguinte surjam três mulheres que sorriem para a câmera de alguém que estava ao lado de Cannabrava, que pega carona na pose.

Guardadas as proporções, a Havana de Iatã Cannabrava nos remete à de Walker Evans (1903-1975), ainda que tenham diferenças fundamentais como uma sendo em cor e a outra em preto e branco e muito distantes no tempo uma da outra. Em 1933, o americano viajou a Cuba para fotografar para o livro The Crime of Cuba (J.B. Lippincott, 1933) do jornalista americano Carleton Beals (1893-1979). A ideia era expor a corrupção do ditador Gerardo Machado (1871-1939) e a relação entre os Estados Unidos e sua ilha vizinha. As fotografias de Evans são fascinantes tanto pelo assunto quanto pelas evidências de seu desenvolvimento artístico.

   Publicado pela primeira vez em 1989, o livro Cuba 1933 ( J.Paul Getty, 2001) de Evans, um dos clássicos da fotografia mundial, traz um texto do poeta e romancista romeno radicado nos Estados Unidos Andrei Codrescu, autor de ``Ay, Cuba! (Picador, 1999). O ensaio nos fornece  uma noção das forças estéticas e políticas que moldaram a arte de Evans no início dos anos 1930. Seu argumento é que o caráter do fotógrafo "estava claramente em conflito com a retórica apaixonada de Beals" e mostra que Evans estava apenas no início de sua estética formalista com as preocupações sociais que figuravam de forma tão proeminente em seus trabalhos posteriores.

    As imagens de Iatã Cannabrava são plenas de lirismo como as de Evans. Há uma evidente empatia para com seus personagens. Vemos as mulheres sentadas e bem arrumadas nas duas publicações, a simplicidade dos cubanos como a imagem das três grávidas conversando, o beijo do casal apaixonado. Os rapazes de cartola e manga arregaçada nas imagens do americano se juntam aos jovens que o brasileiro encontra. Em Saudades de Cuba, a retórica política cede espaço para arte em suas suas poucas 48 páginas.

A frase "Do exílio não há retorno." do argentino León Ferrari (1920-2013), um dos artistas mais provocadores de nosso tempo, é usada por Cannabrava quando ele revela que ela pertence àquelas ideias e emoções que nunca o abandonam. Ele coloca esta série de Havana como um diferencial entre todas oportunidades que teve que transformar lembranças através da fotografia, seu "instrumento particular de alquimia."  Em tempos de pandemia e até mesmo normais, é sempre bom lembrar que temos autores assim.

 Dados Técnicos: Fotografias de Iatã Cannabrava; design de Celso Longo; produção gráfica de Jair Rocha; escaneamento das imagens de Andressa Casado; tratamento de imagens de Greice Emer; Impressão Ipsis Gráfica e Editora em papel Munken Lynx Rough, idioma português; formato 17X24cm.

 Para adiquir o livro, é só ir direito em https://www.ipsispub.com.br/product-page/saudades-de-havana-iat%C3%A3-cannabrava

 Para ver os demais ou um box completo com os 8 livros, https://www.ipsispub.com.br/selo-ipsispub?page=2

  * nestes tempos bicudos de pandemia e irresponsabilidade política com a cultura vamos apoiar artistas, pesquisadores, editoras, gráficas e toda nossa cultura. A contribuição deles é essencial para além da nossa existência e conforto doméstico nesta quarentena *

        Imagens © Iatã Cannabrava            Texto © Juan Esteves

[rinasunny]

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[arolock]

Miami-1789 is trying his best to manage as Rick's security chief, but his stupid ass henchmen keep throwing around all the stuff he orders as if it's still full with candy.

And when he's done with screeching at them like a banshee, he pecks on Summer non-stop until she agrees to a fast photoshoot. But he just can't let it go.

"Who do they think I am, Summer, a girlie with a Shain delivery?! Some stuff could've detonate!"

"Oh my God, are you going on a second round? Chill. It didn't, did it? Now stop with your stupid stripper poses, do something cute. Or I'll make grandpa nuke your insta."

"Ugh ALRIGHT! Better?"

"Sort of."

[todaysdocument]

Treaty Between the United States and the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chippewa, Munsee, Delaware, Shawnee, and Potawatomi Signed at Fort Industry on the Miami of the Lake, 7/4/1805

File Unit: Ratified Indian Treaty 45: Wyandot, Ottawa, Chippewa, Munsee, Delaware, Shawnee and Potawatomi - Fort Industry on the Miami of the Lake, July 4, 1805, 1789 - 1869

Series: Indian Treaties, 1789 - 1869

Record Group 11: General Records of the United States Government, 1778 - 2006

Transcription:

A Treaty between the United States of America, and the Sachems, Chiefs, and Warriors, of the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chippewa, 

Munsee and Delaware, Shawanee and Pottawatima Nations, holden at Fort Industry on the Miami, of the Lake on the Fourth day of July

Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and five. 

Article 1st

The said Indian Nations do again acknowledge themselves, and all their Tribes, to be in friendship with, and under the protection of, the

United States. 

Article 2nd

The Boundary line between the United States and the Nations aforesaid, shall in future, be a Meredian line drawn North and South, 

through a Boundary to be erected on the south shore of Lake Erie, one hundred and twenty miles due west of the west boundary line of the

State of Pensylvania, extending north until it intersects the boundary line of the United States, and extending south it intersects a line heretofore es-

tablished by the Treaty of Grenville. 

Article 3rd

The Indian Nations aforesaid, for the consideration of Friendship to the United States, and sums of Money herin aftermentioned, to be paid

annually, to the Wyandot, Shawanee, Munsee and Delaware Nations, have ceeded and do hereby cede and relinquish, to said United States,

forever, all the Lands belonging to said United States, lying east of the aforesaid line, Bounded southerly and easterly by the line established by said

Treaty of Grenville, and Northerly by the Northernmost part of the forty first Degree of North Latitude.

Article 4th

The United States to preserve harmony, manifest thier liberality, and in consideration of the cession made in the preceeding article, will every year

forever hereafter, at Detroit or some other convenient place, pay and deliver, to the Wyandot, Munsee and Delaware Nations, and those

of the Shawanee and Seneca Nations who reside with the Wyandots, the sum of Eight hundred and twenty five dollars cur-

rent money of the United States, and the further sum of One hundred and seventy five dollars making in the whole an

annuity of One Thousand dollars, which last sum of one hundred and has been secured to the

President in trust for said nations, by the Connecticut Land Company, and by the company incorporated by the name

of "The proprietors of the half million acres of land lying south of Lake Erie called sufferers land," payable annually

as aforesaid, and to be divided between said Nations from time to time, in such proportions, as said Nations with the approbat-

-ion of the President shall agree.

Article 5th

To prevent all misunderstanding hereafter, it is to be expressly remembered, that the Ottawa and Chippawa Nations, and such of the Potta-

-watima Nation as reside on the river Huron of Lake Erie, and in the neighbourhood thereof, have received from the Connecticut

Land Company, and the Company incorporated by the name of "The  proprietors of the half Million Acres of land lying sough

of Lake Erie called sufferers land," the sum of Four thousand dollars in hand, and have secured to the President of the

United States in trust for them, the further sum of Twelve thousand dollars payable in six annual installments, of two

thousand each; which several sums in the full amount of their proportion of the purchases effected by this treaty, and also by a treaty 

with said Companies bearing even date herewith; which proportions were were agreed on and concluded by the whole of said Na-

-tions in their general council; which several sums together with Two thousand nine hundred and sixteen dollars and

sixty seven cents secured to the President, to raise said sum of one hundred and seventy five dollars annuity as aforesaid, 

is the amount of the consideration paid by the Agent of the Connecticut reserve, for the cession of their Lands.

Article 6th

The said Indian Nations parties to this treaty, shall be at liberty to fish, and hunt, within the Territory and Lands which they

have now ceded to the United States, so long as, they shall demean themselves peaceably. 

In Witness whereof Charles Jouett Esquire a Commissioner on the part of the United States, and the Sachems,

Chiefs and Warriors, of the Indian Nations aforesaid, have hereto set their hands and seals. 

[signed] Charles Jouett

In presence of.

[signatures]

Wm. Dean c FSC

JBllower

Interpreters:

[illegible] Parrish

[illegible]

William Walker

Israel Buland

[illegible]

Ottawa: 

Nekick [pictograph] or Little Otter

Kawachewan [pictograph] or Eddy

Mechimenduth [pictograph] or Big Bowl

Aubaway [pictograph]

Ogonse [pictograph]

Sawgamaw [pictograph]

Tusquagan [pictograph] or McCarty

Tondau-ganie [pictograph] or the Dog

Ashawet [pictograph]

Chippewa: 

Marquettoguet [pictograph] or Little Bear

Quitchonequit [pictograph or X] or Big cloud

Queoonequetwabaw [pictograph]

Oscaguasanu [pictograph] or Young Boy

Monimalk [pictograph] or Cat Fish

Tonguish [pictograph]

Potawatima:

Noname [pictograph]

Mogawh [pictograph]

Wyandot:

Tarhee [pictograph] or the Crane

Miere [pictograph] or Walk in Water

Thateyyanayop [pictograph] or leather Sips

Harrowenyou [pictograph] or Cherokee Boy

Tschauendah [pictograph]

Tahunshawetee [pictograph] or Adam Brown

Shaurunthie [pictograph]

Munsee & Delaware: 

Puikconsithond [pictograph or X]

Paahmehelot [pictograph]

Pannocit [pictograph] or Armstrong

Pappellelonu [pictograph or X] or Beaver Hat 

Shawnee: 

Wayapierscawaw [pictograph] or Blue Jacket

Cuthiaweasaw [pictograph] or Black Half

Auonasukla [pictograph or X] or Civil Man 

[pictograph or X] Isaac Peters

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 8.7 (before 1950)

461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the magister militum Ricimer. 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of Constantinople. 768 – Pope Stephen III is elected to office, and quickly seeks Frankish protection against the Lombard threat, since the Byzantine Empire is no longer able to help. 936 – Coronation of King Otto I of Germany. 1461 – The Ming dynasty Chinese military general Cao Qin stages a coup against the Tianshun Emperor. 1479 – Battle of Guinegate: French troops of King Louis XI were defeated by the Burgundians led by Archduke Maximilian of Habsburg. 1679 – The brigantine Le Griffon becomes the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes of North America. 1714 – The Battle of Gangut: The first important victory of the Russian Navy. 1743 – The Treaty of Åbo ended the 1741–1743 Russo-Swedish War. 1782 – George Washington orders the creation of the Badge of Military Merit to honor soldiers wounded in battle.[11] It is later renamed to the more poetic Purple Heart. 1786 – The first federal Indian Reservation is created by the United States. 1789 – The United States Department of War is established. 1791 – American troops destroy the Miami town of Kenapacomaqua near the site of present-day Logansport, Indiana in the Northwest Indian War. 1794 – U.S. President George Washington invokes the Militia Acts of 1792 to suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania. 1819 – Simón Bolívar triumphs over Spain in the Battle of Boyacá. 1858 – The first Australian rules football match is played between Melbourne Grammar and Scotch College. 1890 – Anna Månsdotter, found guilty of the 1889 Yngsjö murder, became the last woman to be executed in Sweden. 1909 – Alice Huyler Ramsey and three friends become the first women to complete a transcontinental auto trip, taking 59 days to travel from New York, New York to San Francisco, California. 1927 – The Peace Bridge opens between Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. 1930 – The last confirmed lynching of black people in the Northern United States occurs in Marion, Indiana; two men, Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, are killed. 1933 – The Kingdom of Iraq slaughters over 3,000 Assyrians in the village of Simele. This date is recognized as Martyrs Day or National Day of Mourning by the Assyrian community in memory of the Simele massacre. 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Guadalcanal begins as the United States Marines initiate the first American offensive of the war with landings on Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the Solomon Islands. 1944 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I). 1946 – The government of the Soviet Union presented a note to its Turkish counterparts which refuted the latter's sovereignty over the Turkish Straits, thus beginning the Turkish Straits crisis. 1947 – Thor Heyerdahl's balsa wood raft, the Kon-Tiki, smashes into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands after a 101-day, 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) journey across the Pacific Ocean in an attempt to prove that pre-historic peoples could have traveled from South America. 1947 – The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).

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This stunning and spacious condo boasts an ideal location, just 5 minutes from I95, 10 minutes from the beach and Aventura Mall. Recently renovated, the kitchen and two bathrooms are modern and stylish. The large 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom split layout offers 1789 sqft. of living space in a peaceful residential area adjacent to Presidential Golf Course. Enjoy serene garden views from the screened patio. The kitchen is a highlight, featuring beautiful granite countertops and a sleek tiled backsplash. This home is move-in ready and waiting for you to make it yours.

[handeaux]

How Can 2019 Be UC’s Bicentennial If UC Didn’t Exist Until 1870?

Scattered around the University of Cincinnati campus – and decorating a handful of buildings elsewhere in Cincinnati – you can still find UC seals in stone and stained glass bearing the date of 1870. This date marks the legal incorporation of the University of Cincinnati.

If that is the case, how can UC celebrate its 200th anniversary in 2019? The celebration appears to fall about 51 years too soon. To solve this riddle, we must dive into an arcane codicil of higher education etiquette known as the academic procession.

The academic procession originated as an actual procession. In fact, academic processions take place even today. Whenever a college or university inaugurates a new president, for example, it is expected that every other college in the region and many from throughout the world will send a representative to demonstrate, you know . . .  collegiality.

Here is where etiquette enters the calculation. In what order shall all of these august representatives stroll to the hallowed strains of “Pomp & Circumstance” while flaunting their multicolored academic gowns? Alphabetical order? By color? Shortest to tallest? By tradition, the institutions line up in order of the founding date of the institution they represent, with the oldest universities at the front and the newest bringing up the rear.

In the United States, that generally means Harvard (1636) marches first, followed by the College of William & Mary (1693) and so on. If the ceremony is prestigious enough to draw international participation, Harvard can fall back in the ranks as the universities of Bologna (1088) and Oxford (1096) take the vanguard.

As you might imagine, this led some universities to embellish their origin stories into some fairly tortuous rationales to support the earliest founding date possible. For example, George E. Thomas writes in the Pennsylvania Gazette [Sept-Oct. 2002] about the University of Pennsylvania's efforts to document an earlier founding date:

“...debate over the founding date of the University . . . began in 1896 when The Alumni Register promoted the story that the University’s origins lay in George Whitefield’s Charity School that was ostensibly founded in 1740. Because this school was to be located in the church building later acquired by the board founded by Benjamin Franklin in 1749 to house his new Academy, it could be claimed as the beginning of the University... this mergers-and-acquisitions model of institutional history had the desired effect of placing Penn ahead of Princeton in academic processions that in turn represented, in highly schematized form, the pecking order of American higher education.”

While exemplifying this grand tradition, the University of Cincinnati’s promotion of 1819 as its founding date is far more straightforward and far less convoluted. The rules of academic procession allow a university to legitimately claim the founding date of its earliest division.

So, although the legal entity known as the University of Cincinnati was not chartered until 1870, UC can trace its founding to 1819 based on the charters issued in January of that year by the Ohio General Assembly to the Medical College of Ohio and to Cincinnati College. The Medical College of Ohio later merged with UC’s medical school and Cincinnati College’s law school later merged with UC’s College of Law.

In UC’s case, there is more to the story than a simple “mergers and acquisitions” explanation, because Cincinnati College – the organization founded in 1819 – continues to exist as a functioning legal entity. When the Cincinnati Law School merged with UC’s Law Department in 1918, it brought with it the endowment funds of the Cincinnati College of which it was a subsidiary. To oversee and administer this endowment, the president of the University of Cincinnati must annually preside over a meeting of the shareholders of the “President, Trustees and Faculty of the Cincinnati College,” founded in 1819.

Every year, UC’s president is re-elected as president of the Cincinnati College. The dean of the UC College of Law and the members of the UC President’s Cabinet serve as trustees of Cincinnati College. The meetings of this august body rarely last more than five minutes, but this annual mandatory ritual allows UC to enjoy the financial benefits of the Cincinnati College endowments that now total around $10 million.

Back to those stone University of Cincinnati seals. You can calculate the age of the seal from the date shown. From 1904 through the 1930s, UC’s official seal showed an 1870 founding date. If you see a seal with two dates – 1870 and 1819 – it was probably made or published in the 1940s or 1950s. The exclusive use of 1819 was not official until the late 1950s.

The true champion of UC’s 1819 founding date was Walter C. Langsam, who served as UC president from 1955 to 1971. Shortly after he was appointed UC president, Langsam learned that his wife, Julia, was a descendent of the family of John Hough James, who was among the first graduates of Cincinnati College. This family connection, along with Langsam’s undoubted inclination to march ahead of a parvenu like The Ohio State University (1870) in the academic procession, led him to codify the earlier founding date.

By embracing the 1819 charters of Cincinnati College and the Medical College of Ohio, the University of Cincinnati shares a bicentennial with the University of Virginia, founded by Thomas Jefferson.

Oldest United States Public Universities: 1) College of William & Mary 1693 2) University of Delaware 1743 3) Rutgers University 1766 4) University of Georgia 1785 5) University of Pittsburgh 1787 6) University of North Carolina 1789 7) University of Vermont 1791 8) University of Tennessee 1794 9) University of South Carolina 1801 10) West Point 1802 11) Ohio University 1804 12) Miami University 1809 13) University of Michigan 1817 14) University of Cincinnati 1819 14) University of Virginia 1819 16) Indiana University 1820

[architectnews]

Build a city of 100,000 in rural Central Pennsylvania

New Central Pennsylvania City, US architecture, American Architects, PA Building News

Building a city of 100,000 in rural Central Pennsylvania

Review of US Architectural Aspects: Architectural Column by Joel Solkoff with Frankie Rasole, PA, USA

July 31, 2021

++++

Exclusive: US legislator Glenn Thompson suggests building a city of 100,000 in rural Central Pennsylvania

“Civics as an art has to do, not with imagining an impossible [utopia] where all is well, but with making the most and best of each and every place, and especially of the city in which we live.”

–Patrick Geddes, father of urban planning

Joel Solkoff’s Column Vol. VII, Number 4..Thursday, July 29, 2021. Rural Williamsport, Pennsylvania, population 28,186. {By contrast, New York City’s population is 8.4 million. Distance between them 192 immeasurable miles). Because of an unexpectedly long June 27th interview with Rep. Glenn “GT�� Thompson, Minority Leader US Agriculture Committee, today’s column now begins a new series for global architects on money and political power.

photograph of Indiana, PA, county seat. With appreciation to the Indiana County PA Visitors Bureau

Today’s column focuses on building 105 plus cities of 100,000 in the US

“What can you buy with a trillion dollars? With $1 trillion, you could buy a very nice apartment for everybody in San Francisco’s (population close to a million). Or you can think of it as a thousand billion. For $1 billion you could buy the Miami Marlins outright. For $1 trillion, however, you could buy the Marlins one thousand times over.” — USA Today

Money is about to flow like water into the coffers of global architects as the US prepares to build 105 cities with a population of 100, 000 each. Let us start with the basics. There is a shortage of 10.5 million housing units in the US. According to a report last month in The Wall Street Journal, the US middle class housing crisis represents 5.5 million units which need to be built yesterday. Add that to the shortfall of 5 million public housing units, especially needed is low cost disability friendly housing for the physically disabled like me. Hence the US needs 105 cities with a population of 100,000 each. Or. as Williamsport PA architect Anthony H. Visco, Jr. avers, “210 cities housing 50,000 each. ”

The pith of my interview with Rep. Thompson last month is his suggestion that in his Congressional District a city of 100,00 be built in oddly named Indiana County PA. Indiana County PA is located at the Western part of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Indiana County PA has lots of land and relatively few people. Indian County PA has 834,000 square miles and 84.5 thousand people.

You can’t build a city without money

Here are 3 items for understanding the context of these times

1.

“While for much of the pandemic a rush to suburbia made the home and real estate stars of the recovery, the resulting plunge in inventory and dearth of building supplies have launched home prices beyond the grasp of many potential buyers, particularly at the lower end of the market.” Reuters excellent News Service Friday 23, 2021

Soon–by soon I mean this summer–President Biden will sign infrastructure legislation which will have a significant impact on revenue for global architectural firms. The Senate voted voted in favor–with more Republican votes than required– of spending about a trillion dollars to build bridges, fix highways, provide passenger train service, repair entrances to the emergency rooms of hospitals and to repair airports. Especially critical in these pandemic times is broadband. Broadband requires a separate column on how broadband can improve the health of rural Americans.

Breaking news

July 29, 2021

WASHINGTON — The Senate voted on Wednesday to take up a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill that would make far-reaching investments in the nation’s public works system, as Republicans joined Democrats in clearing the way for action on a crucial piece of President Biden’s agenda.

“The 67-to-32 vote, which included 17 Republicans in favor, came just hours after centrist senators in both parties and the White House reached a long-sought compromise on the bill, which would provide about $550 billion in new federal money for roads, bridges, rail, transit, water and other physical infrastructure programs.”

See the video clip below. The bipartisan infrastructure bill is the lead story in a very hectic news day. Ignore the “Trump News” head; YouTube thinks Trump is more interesting than Biden.

Embedded in accordance with the YouTube licensing agreement

2.

Republican Governor of Alabama Kay Ivy, July 23,2021 Embedded in accordance with YouTube licensing. Montgomery Alabama Advertiser, a Gannett paper

“As COVID-19 cases begin to tick upward in Alabama, the state remains last in the country for overall vaccination rates. No county in the state has reached 40% coverage, according to Alabama Department of Public Health data on the percentage of residents who have completed their vaccine.”

3.

United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower house of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper house. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.

The House’s composition is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts allocated to each state on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district having one representative, provided that each state is entitled to at least one. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives have been directly elected. The number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives

The Rep. Thompson e-architect interview

On June 22nd, Rep. Thompson’s excellent press secretary Madison Stone emailed me the third Zoom link of the day. Until Congress adjourns before Labor Day, busy currently takes on an intensity not easily endured.

I had asked for 10 minutes for Rep. Thompson to answer a simple question. “Does the Congressman favor the restoration of passenger train service to Williamsport?” Williamsport is where Rep. Thompson worked as a physical therapist. GT not only favors passenger service to Williamsport, but for several locations in Central Pennsylvania with special emphasis on critical Johnstown.

Glenn Thompson (politician)

“Representative for Pennsylvania’s 15th congressional district since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he was first elected to Congress in 2008 for the state’s 5th congressional district; Thompson was redistricted to the 15th congressional district in the 2018 election by an order of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Since 2021, he serves as the Ranking Member of the House Agriculture Committee.

“Thompson was born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, grew up in Howard, Pennsylvania, and is the son of a Navy veteran. He holds a bachelor’s degree in therapeutic recreation from Pennsylvania State University and dual master’s degrees in therapeutic recreation and health science from Temple University….

“After the Pennsylvania Supreme Court redrew the congressional district map in February 2018, Thompson’s district was renumbered as the 15th. In May 2018, Susan Boser, a professor at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, won the Democratic nomination in Thompson’s district. In the general election Thompson defeated Boser 68%–32%.”

In 37 minutes Rep. Thompson and I covered a wide range of subjects

We spoke on a link from his office at the Cannon House Building in Washington DC and e-architect’s US office in Williamsport, PA in the heart of our historic architectural district. We spoke about a wide range of subjects; viz., train service, the US housing crisis, the role of architects in building cities, the vokutality and dependability of lumber and other building materials and of labor at a time of short supply, building a city in Indiana Pennsylvania, the rising power of the disability rights movement.

Indiana County, Pennsylvania, USA: photo : David Benbennick, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Regarding who is to build cities, I mentioned Skidmore Owings and Merrill (SOM) which designed the Moynihan Train Hall in NYC–wonderfully accessible for those of us in wheelchairs. Surprise,, SOM neglected to put seats in the waiting room for people who can walk.

I also mentioned architect Chris Lepine at Zaha Hadid’s London office who is doing marvelous work with modular housing. Modular housing may be key to alleviating the US housing shortage until plans for future cities are concluded and built.

image from e-architect’s first pandemic webinar last year

The interview began with GT congratulating me on the birth of my fourth grandchild. My younger daughter Amelia had recently given birth. I had messaged GT a photograph of me holding two-moth old Jacob. GT had printed out the photo; waving it saying, “Thanks for sending, Joel.”

My rationale for the interview was ongoing fixation on how the US’ inadequate train service adversely affects the disabled. This is a subcategory of the urgent necessity to fix the dreadful state of US road, bridges, tunnels, airports, and sidewalks (those of us in wheelchairs use sidewalks) I had been phoning press secretaries for Republicans in Central PA. The Republican senate members of the bipartisan group who assembled the infrastructure plan were hostile to passenger train service. Perhaps, the House Republicans might have a different perspective.

When I had asked one press secretary whether his Congressman favored train service, he emailed back saying he had written Amtrak. “No, Amtrak does not plan to provide passenger service to Williamsport,” he wrote. I replied, “That does not answer the question, Does your Congressman favor passenger service to Williamsport?” That was months ago. After not receiving follow up phone calls, I decided to ask Rep. Thompson whom I knew would give me a straight answer.

I have known GT for ten years. When we met, he was running for Congress for the first time. Then, I was a partisan Democrat who had been a political appointee in the Carter Administration. I was working for Rep. Thompson’s Democratic opponent.

. As a paraplegic, I am a one-issue disability advocate. Soon, because of GT’s efforts on the part of my people, I had come to decry the reluctance of the Democrats in Center County PA’s State College (where I then lived) to stop mouthing about doing something for the disability and actually doing nothing. Nada..

I can not here enumerate the battles GT and I fought together on behalf of the disabled to obtain wheel chairs, scooters, power chairs and medical oxygen. Nine years ago, I had a lengthy interview (click on link below) with Rep. Thompson on his experiences as a physical therapist helping the disabled, If you listen, you will understand why I trust him:

e-architect interview with Rep. Thompson

Williamsport is a lovely town in danger of extinction in part because it is so difficult for business partners, friends, and family to reach us. Passenger air plane service is a nightmare. When I first moved here, my younger daughter Amelia flew up from an important Southern city egregiously divided between wealthy and down and out poor. As a police officer, Amelia patrolled public housing. Dangerous work.

She flew up to Philadelphia where she waited for four hours for a one hour American Airlines flight to Williamsport. Amelia had been up all night fighting crime and was a wreck when she arrived. To repeat, Williamsport has no passenger train service. There is bus service to the world beyond Lycoming County. I suspect it is a good service. Bottom line: When Amelia comes to see me, she must drive 15 hours each way on highways and roads badly in need of repair.

You cannot build a city without a plan

Just as you cannot build a city without money, you cannot build a city without a plan. Where do plans come from? They come from:

+ Congress’ General Accountability Office (GAO) where I worked happily for two years

+ Think tanks like the CATO Institute, Brookings and foundations like Ford and Rockefeller

White House Conferences specifically designed to address major problems beyond the scope of established bureaucratic protocol.

Meet HUD Secretary Fudge primarily responsible for paying architects

Before October of this year, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Secretary Martha Fudge will start transferring funds to architects globally who are working on disability friendly US housing projects. The larger question Secretary Fudge faces is how to post a job description reading “Wanted: An architect to design a city. Please fill out Form xyz and submit your qualifications.”

image : HUD Secretary Marcia Fudge official photo in the public domain

Wikipedia: “Louise Fudge (born October 29, 1952) is an American attorney and politician serving as the 18th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, she served as the U.S. representative for Ohio’s 11th congressional district from 2008 to 2021.

Requesting city planning help of global architects. please write me at jes243@caa.columbia.edu

Please stay tuned for the continuation of this column. I am hoping Frankie and I will soon be able to visit breathtakingly beautiful Indiana County PA. There I will be meeting with R. Michael Keith. Michael Keith is the highest elected official in Indiana County. We have spoken at length about the necessity to plan on how best to prepare for all the federal infrastructure money soon to come into his county. I am hopeful that Anthony Visco, architect and my ad hoc city planning guru will come along for the ride.

Meet Frankie Rasole, US Assistant Editor e-architect

Frankie Rasole (left), e-architect US Assistant Editor, and Joel Solkoff, e-architect US Editor: photo by Fred Holland, Esq. Published with permission

Frankie Rasole became permanently disabled while working at Renzo Piano’s Columbia University’s Harlem project in March, 2003. Frankie was working with the Iron Workers. He was dismantling a scaffold in the basement above where it was safe. Frankie fell 12 feet, was taken to hospital, There the doctors inserted a an iron plate in his right foot and eight screws.

Turns out Renzo Piano is my favorite architect. One reason is Piano’s instinctive understanding of disability access. I will write to him in Paris asking him to get in touch with Frankie. Frankie’s email: frankie6301968@yahoo.com

My editors beckon: “All right, stop writing, Joel.”

Isabelle Lomholt and Adrian Welch, Editors at e-architect:

Copyright © 2021 by Joel Solkoff. All rights reserved.

— Joel Solkoff, US Editor, e-architect, Williamsport, Pennsylvania USA

image courtesy Joel Solkoff

#####

Joel Solkoff, US Editor, e-architect, USA

Please feel free to phone me at US 570-772-4909 or send an e-mail jsolkoff@gmail.com Copyright © 2021 by Joel Solkoff. All rights reserved.

Joel’s recent articles on e-architect

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Joel Solkoff’s Column Vol. IV, Number 2

Joel Solkoff’s Column Vol. IV, Number 1

Comments / photos for the Build a city of 100,000 in rural Central Pennsylvania – page welcome

The post Build a city of 100,000 in rural Central Pennsylvania appeared first on e-architect.

[abstansbury]

The Lesson of UCLF

Randomly looking at sites, I happened to land on uclf.org. It is the Union des Cercles Légitimistes Français. In English, roughly, Association of French Royalist Groups. Their goal is, again roughly, unifying the peoples of France in/through the love of the king.

229 years after the 1789 revolution, they wish it hadn't happened. Really. They've kept count of who would have been king if. Turns out it's Louis the 22nd, who's Spanish, and a grandson of Franco.

What strikes me is the object lesson in the durability of ideas/misconceptions. Without doubt, the vast majority of the French are better off under liberté, égalité, fraternité than they were or would be under their monarchy. The cluelessness of the last few proved that in 1848. But I doubt the Cercles are full of descendents of aristocrats longing for their own château. I suspect genuine aristocrates are too well - educated for that. I think the Cercles are full of ordinary folks who just can't /don't grasp facts, and maybe confuse the current cute and useless British version with what they used to have.

The existence of these groups in France, the earthly home of logique and rationalité helps me understand contemporary United States citizens who absolutely cannot grasp that:

The United States will never again be as powerful as it once was. The Chinese have started to run a market where global oil is bought and sold in Yuan, not petrodollars.

We now need the rest of the world more than they need us. Foreigners are selling off US debt. What happens here won't matter over there. Unless it's Yellowstone.

White people will never again be a majority in the country. Do you suppose opposition to abortion could be based in a fear that there aren't enough white babies? It's the same folks.

The water really is coming for New York and New Orleans and Miami.

These facts are only about 35 or 40 years old. So even in a couple hundred years, when skyscrapers sticking up out of the water are a worldwide tourist attraction, there will be people who still don't believe them.

[shivalik-journal-blog]

Our Favourite Stars Celebrating Thanksgiving Day in Their Own Unique Style

It's that time of the year again. The essence of this festival is the aroma of roasted Turkey in the air, baked macaroni and cheese, and people surrounding themselves with their loved ones, to take a moment to express appreciation and thankfulness for what they have in life.

Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States. It is a sort of harvest festival. People celebrate Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. Since the year 1789, people have been celebrating Thanksgiving Day.

On this day, people prefer to do charitable work. They provide food to the poor and needy. The volunteers of Salvation Army distribute Thanksgiving Dinner to hundreds of needy people in different localities. People prefer to prepare and have Mashed potatoes with gravy, stuffing, cranberry juice, sweet potatoes, sweet corns, roasted or deep-fried turkey with some filling inside, and different types of fall vegetables.

Today's latest Hollywood news is about Thanksgiving celebrations. Our favourite celebrities came out to celebrate this special day with lots of enthusiasm. The paparazzi get a chance to capture some of the most beautiful moments in their camera. The newly-weds- Justin Bieber and Hailey Baldwin were very enthusiastically celebrating the day. Media captured some of their best pictures, as they snuggled and relaxed. They were enjoying the warm climate. According to the latest Hollywood news, Justin and Hailey were very excited to celebrate Thanksgiving Day with their family members in Miami.

Who does not know about fitness freak Khloe Kardashian? The latest Hollywood news is that she commenced her day by doing some intense workout just at the break of the dawn. She clicked herself in the gym and shared the picture with her fans. She captioned the photo on Instagram as “Thanksgiving mood.”

There were some spectacular performances by TLC, Celine Dion, Kelly Rowland, and many more stars during Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. According to the latest Hollywood news, the Obamas celebrated the day by handing out food the needy. Michelle looked drop-dead gorgeous alongside her parents.

Well, that's all for today. Happy Thanksgiving, everyone!