#mark des demanges

[alarawriting]

Inktober 2020 #2: Wisp

“I don’t know what it is,” the ghost exorcist said, “but it is definitely not a ghost.”

Mark had already sent a couple of his demons to check the entity out. They hadn’t reported back yet, which meant it wasn’t a ghost… ghosts were easy to identify. He knew nothing had happened to the demons; they were just having difficulty figuring out what the thing was, as far as he could tell.

“I feel you,” he said, agreeing. “I’m guessing you ruled out psychokinesis as well?”

Melvin Farber, the best ghost hunter Mark knew, nodded. “Nothing’s being thrown around. Nothing’s breaking mysteriously. The family just sees a wisp, a vaguely human shape in shadows, and then it’s gone. But…” He shook his head. “Normally, if you’ve got a ghost, you can command them with the names of God, and if you’ve got a psychometric projection or a fragment of a ghost, you can tighten up reality to dissolve them. When I tried to tighten reality… nothing happened.” He shoved graying, curly hair back from his forehead, where sweat-soaked curls had fallen forward.”

Kabbalistic magic was not Mark’s strong suit. “What does it mean to ‘tighten’ reality?”

Melvin shoved his hair up again. “Okay, so. Malkuth is the sphere we are in, the sphere of matter on the Tree of Life. The one directly above us is Yesod, which represents communication, contact with the spiritual, connection in general. Yesod allows us to connect with entities outside the Tree – the dark entities on the Tree of Death, the ghosts, the fragments of broken memory imprinted on reality, all that kind of thing. What I did was I – briefly—blocked the connection to Yesod. Without Yesod we cannot perceive spiritual realities. Obviously we can never permanently block Yesod, we’d cease to exist without the emanation of energy that comes from God at the top of the tree. But if you block it for a moment, in your local area… you cut off the spirit world’s ability to communicate with us, and us with them. So ghosts vanish.” He pointed at the small golden demon sitting on Mark’s shoulder. “Your Sharro Varánas, your demange homeland – blocked. Your demons wouldn’t be able to get through.”

“It’s not my homeland,” Mark said. His father might have been a demange, and as such belonged in Sharro Varánas, but Mark was half-human, and couldn’t go there any more than, alive, he could go to Valhalla, or Hell, or any other realm outside the human world.

“Whatever. My point is, the wisp – whatever it is – didn’t go away. So it’s not above us on the tree, or below us. It’s at our level but it’s not actually here. Or, it’s not part of God’s creation, which sounds ridiculous but it could happen. If it doesn’t naturally connect to Yesod then what I did wouldn’t have done bupkiss to it.”

“All right,” Mark said. “That gives me some idea of what we’re dealing with.”

“The family is very stressed out. I called you in because they say you’re good.” The short, middle-aged man looked up at Mark, shaking his head. “But you’re young. What are you, 18? You’re a child. A child.”

“I’m 25,” Mark said, a note of irritation in his voice, “and thanks for reminding me about the babyface right before I have to go in and get some entity to take me seriously. You’re doing wonders for my self esteem.”

Melvin waved his hand. “Oh, you know I didn’t mean anything by it,” he said. “You must be up to your armpits in girlfriends. Wish I’d looked like you when I was 25. But you see me here? Skinny old guy, glasses, long face, big nose? I looked just the same when I was your age except I was a skinny young guy and my hair was black.”

Mark had no idea what Melvin expected him to do with this information, but he was used to it. When he first met people, either they were uneasy around him and they clammed up or made excuses and disappeared, or they were drawn in, compelled by his preternatural charisma. They overshared, they tried to give him their number if they were attracted to men at all, they hung on his words… and then eventually, the unease got through to them too. Hopefully that wouldn’t happen with Melvin – the man was a professional exorcist, he had to be pretty used to unease, and he knew what a demange was. Also, Mark hoped he wouldn’t be around Melvin long enough to trigger such a reaction.

“Well. Like you said, the family is stressed out, so I’d better go get to work. Does this wisp have a preferred place to appear?”

“Anywhere the family is. It likes to try to be around people.”

That didn’t sound like ghost behavior, no.

“Golden, make yourself scarce,” Mark told his familiar. No point in freaking out the homeowner with the demon on his shoulder.

*will do, boss*

Golden vanished, and Mark headed into the house, Melvin following.

A blonde woman met them at the door. “Mr. Farber? Any luck?”

“This is my colleague, Mark des Demanges,” Melvin said. “He’s an expert in cases like this.”

“He looks so young,” the woman said.

“I get that a lot,” Mark said, offering her his hand to shake. “You’re the homeowner?”

“Well, my husband and me. And we have two children.”

“This is Ms. Mitchell,” Melvin said.

Ms. Mitchell, who had to be 40 if she was a day, was looking at Mark with entirely too much interest, as her hand held his for just a little too long for a simple handshake. “Where was the last time you saw the wisp?” he asked.

“In the living room.”

***

The living room was exactly what he expected from the lawn and the clothes the blond woman was wearing. Lawyer foyer, hardwood curving staircase that looked downright slippery, white shag carpet, white leather couch. Glass coffee tables.

Shadowed shape of a person sitting on the overly wide bottom step.

“You see?” Ms. Mitchell’s voice was shrill with fear. “Right there! You see?”

“I do, actually,” Mark said. He approached the shadowy figure.

There was absolutely no reason for the figure to be in shadow. The living room had monstrously huge windows, and all of the rest of the staircase was brightly lit in the afternoon sunlight.

“You’re stuck, aren’t you,” he murmured. Even without help from his demons, he could tell that much.

The shadowy figure looked up at him. No features were visible, but its slumping shoulders and downward-pointing head went back and up, the figure leaning back slightly and looking up at him. With interest? Hope? Fear? No way to tell through the shadow.

“I’m gonna get some info and I’ll be right back,” he told the shadow. He turned back to the homeowner. “I need to perform a ritual and I’m going to need privacy. Are there any rooms around here with doors that actually shut?”

“There’s the first floor bathroom…”

Mark sighed. “Yeah, okay.” Obviously the hired help wasn’t allowed to go upstairs where there were actual room rooms.

***

In the bathroom, he summoned Golden back. “What have you got for me?”

*we can’t get there, boss*

“Can’t get there how?”

*anyhow*

Mark rolled his eyes. “That is not helpful, Golden. I need to know where, exactly, that entity is. If you can’t get to where it is, tell me where it isn’t.”

*anywhere. it’s not in your world. it’s not in ours. we can get to a lot of places. this one’s not one of them.*

“That gives me a good idea of what I’m working with.”

***

He returned to the being. “Okay. First we need to establish whether you understand me or not. If you understand me, and you want to say ‘yes’, nod your head, like this.” He demonstrated. “If you understand me, and you want to say ‘no’, shake your head.” He did the back and forth motion that generally meant “no”, or sometimes “I’m having a hard time wrapping my head around how dumb you are.” “Now I’m going to ask you, Do you understand me? If you do, nod yes.”

The shadowy head nodded. “Great!” Mark said. “We have a basis for communication. I’m going to ask you some questions about where you came from and where you’re trying to get to. First of all, it’s my theory that you’re stuck here, between branes, and you are trying to get to a different brane, which is not where you are now. Is that correct?”

The entity nodded.

“Wait, branes?” Ms. Mitchell asked in a very loud whisper. “Isn’t it ‘planes’?”

“Don’t look at me,” Melvin said. “I just chase out ghosts.”

“Are you attempting to get into this one? Yes or no.”

The answer was “no.” “Are you attempting to get out of this one?” Mark asked, and again got a no. “Ugh. What am I missing, what am I missing… oh! Okay. Are you attempting to get to a completely different brane but you are for some reason stuck on the edge of ours?” That got a yes.

“If I open the door to let you into this one, will that help you?” No. “If I open the door to let you free of this one, will that help you?” Yes.

He turned to Ms. Mitchell. “Do you have any chalk?”

“Chalk?”

“You have kids, right? Chalk. Like the stuff their teachers use, or the stuff they draw on the sidewalk with.”

“At the summer house I think they have some… but we’d never let them draw anything on the driveway, and this area doesn’t have a sidewalk. So I don’t think so.”

“Figures,” Mark muttered. “Oh, well. I’ve got my own, it would just be more powerful if it was strongly associated with this place.” He turned back to the shadowy creature. “I’m going to have to ask you to stand up and walk forward… no, not onto the carpet, stay on the hardwood. Okay. Now, stand there and don’t move.”

Quickly he knelt down and drew a sigil around the shadowy thing. It was a lot like a banishment sigil, but it lacked the modifiers for “force” and “destination”, so instead of banishing someone to somewhere, it would give them a gentle push to get out of the universe and go find their way to something else.

“You’re drawing. On my hardwood floor!”

“It’s chalk, Ms. Mitchell,” Mark said, not entirely able to control his exasperation and keep it out of his voice. “It’ll wash up the moment the floor is mopped.” With his ritual knife, he slit the fingertip of the ring finger of his right hand – he was left handed – and dripped his blood onto his sigil. “As will this.”

Demanges – somewhere between demon and angel, or perhaps both at the same time – had enormous amounts of magical power. Mark was only half demange, child of a demange in male form and a human mother, but that still left him with far more power than most people. Melvin had to call on the names of God to perform any kind of serious working; all Mark needed was his own blood.

The sigil flared to life, glowing with excess magic. “The door is open,” Mark intoned. “Go you now in peace, traveler, whenever it suits you to do so, and good luck to you in finding your way to the destination you chose.”

The shadow bowed its head, once, and began to fade. In a few moments it was gone.

“And it won’t come back?” Ms. Mitchell asked nervously.

“I don’t think so.” Mark pulled the power he had fired the sigil with back into himself, now that the trapped entity was gone. “It never wanted to be here in the first place. Can you grab me a wet sponge? Not dripping wet, just, you know. Wet but wrung out.”

“I… I’ll see if I can find one. My cleaning girl isn’t working today and I’m not sure where she put the sponges.”

As soon as Ms. Mitchell was gone, Mark rolled his eyes. “How do you not know where your own sponges are?” he murmured.

Melvin nodded. “Rich people. Useless, the whole bunch of them.”

“Not all of them,” Mark said, thinking of his mentor. Andre qualified as rich, although rather than buying a tacky McMansion on a postage-stamp sized piece of land, he used the money to have multiple decent homes he could stay in, all over the world, and then he traveled all the time.

Ms. Mitchell returned with the sponge, and Mark knelt down and mopped his sigil up, taking care to get every last bit of chalk, and especially blood. After they’d been charged with so much magic, it was important not to leave any bit of it around. He had Ms. Mitchell show him to the sink, and thoroughly rinsed and wrung the sponge out. It’d be safest to throw it out, but he didn’t know how well supplied Ms. Mitchell kept her cleaning lady.

“All done, Ms. Mitchell. Pleasure meeting you.”

“Yes,” she said, still staring at him almost hungrily. In fact, she hadn’t taken her eyes off him unless she had to, such as when she went to get the sponge, the whole time. “A pleasure. What did you say your name was?”

“I do have to get going. Melvin, call me once you’ve wrapped everything up.” Ms. Mitchell was Melvin’s client; Mark would be getting his pay from Melvin, not Ms. Mitchell. He’d have done the job for free, but when there was a ridiculously wealthy client who obviously didn’t have enough to do with her money, why not take advantage?

Outside, he whistled as he went to his car. This had gone surprisingly smoothly. They didn’t usually go that smoothly.

He looked around himself nervously, as if the universe might have overheard him and decided to do something about it. Nothing seemed wrong, so far.

Mark got in his car and headed out.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

I am pretty sure that if I turn this into a full story, the universe will have heard him and decided to do something about it.

I’m not Jewish, so the Kaballah stuff with Malkuth and Yesod might not be fully accurate to how Kaballah is actually interpreted, but in this particular series I’ve never paid a lot of attention to real-life magic or spiritualism; this is fiction set in a universe where there are entities between demons and angels, so I make a lot of shit up.

I actually have a published story about Mark’s origins on Amazon.com, under my own name, called “Tainted Blood”, if anyone is interested in the character.

[pensatingbik]

Understanding This, That, Who, Which, What, & The Thing Over Yonder in Lang Belta

Oye, xunyamwala!

One of the confusing aspects of studying lang belta is words like “The”, “This”, “That”, “Who”, “Why”, “When”, “How”, “Which”, etc. English is often very loose in how, when, and where these words are deployed.

Belter is a little more specific in the way one says things, and it can get confusing which word to choose (and when), especially when the choices appear similar. This article will attempt to offer some illumination on the subject.

NOTE: Due to recent Q&As with Nick Farmer via Patreon, certain usages which we thought were how_ lang belta_ worked have turned out not to be. In particular xídawang and dédawang. They are both relative (which will be explained below), but we have treated them generally as if they were not.

The information in this document is as up to date as as I can make it as of publish date. If we learn something different in the future, I’ll update this and mark the updates.

As always, Nick is the final word on how the language works. Milowda du amolof to, bosmang belta!

—

Da is the definite article “The”:

Da ting, “the thing” 

Da mang, “the person”

Da we, “the way/route”

“Da” is also used with word order to show complex levels of possession/of-ness

Da got da tiki da volkang, “The tiki god of the volcano”

Da koyo da beláng da beratna mi, “My brother's white weasel”

People’s proper names also get the definite article, like in Greek and Catalan:

Da Bomi

Da Naomi

Da Diogo

Pronouns never get the direct article. “Sésata mi”, _never “_sésata da mi”.

Wa is the indefinite article “a”, although it also functions as “some-” when used as prefix.

Wa ting gut!

“A good thing!” [colloquially, Congratulations!]

Mi fosho ta du im wapelésh ere da imbobo.

[I {confident-belief-mood-marker} {past-tense} do/make it someplace in the hole.]

I’m sure I put it somewhere in the apartment.

Wamang fosho gonya showxa im.

[Someone {confident-belief-mood-marker} {future-tense} say/speak her.]

I’m sure someone will tell her.

“Here” is xiya. “There” is deya.

“This” is constructed via da X xiya, “the X here”.

For a non-specific “this”, da ting xiya:

Da ting xiya gut. This is good.

One can also insert a specific subject for “X”:

Da kapawu xiya nagut. This ship is no good.

“That” in Belter takes two forms depending on proximity. Da X de is “that” indicating X is close by. Da X dedeya indicates an X which is more distant.

Da kapawu de mogut. That ship is better.

Da kapawu dedeya xélixup. That ship yonder is excellent.

Da diye xiya (“This day”) is “today”. Da diye de (“That day”) is either “yesterday” or “tomorrow”. The context of the conversation will indicate which one the speaker means. Da diye dedeya indicates a day further off than yesterday or tomorrow.

So far, so good.

Next, interrogatives. Interrogatives ask questions, and begin with_ Ke_-:

Ketim [“When?”]

Ketim milowda gonya et? When will we eat?

Kemang [“Who?”]

Kemang ta du da fut? Who made the food?

Kepelésh [“Where?”]

Kepelésh milowda gonya et? Where will we eat?

Keting [“What?”]

Keting milowda gonya et? What will we eat?

Kewe [“How?”]

Kewe milowda gonya et? How will we eat?

Kéweting [“What kind/type?”]

Kéweting fut milowda gonya et? What kind of food will we eat?

Kéradzhang [Why? For what reason?]

Kéradzhang milowda gonya et da ting de? Why are we going to eat that?

_ _

Kédawang [“Which?”]

Kédawang koyo? Which weasel?

Kelowda [How many/much?]

Kelowda koyo to tenye? How many weasels (do) you have?

Kelowda fo burito unte ɒkwa kaka? How much for (a) burrito & coffee?

Note that the interrogative marker ke can also be added by itself to transform a statement into a yes/no question.

Im bi xiya. She is here.

Im bi xiya ke? Is she here?

To ask “Whose X?”, one uses word order to indicate possession.

Kapawu kemang da ting de?

[Ship (of) who (is) that?]

Whose ship is that?

Relative pronouns and adverbs get confusing; Many xunyamwala trip up over which form to use, da ting or deting, etc. Luckily, they’re not hard to grasp once you get the hang of it.

Let’s first look at what relatives do grammatically in English, then at how they are used in Belter (an English-based creole language).

The function of relatives is to introduce a dependent clause, most often (but not necessarily) by linking the clause to a noun or pronoun subject the way a conjunction does. The relative in each of the following phrases will be in bold.

The time when I went to Phoebe

The Belters who built the station

The place where we first met

The way that the crew was poisoned

The reason why everyone is screaming

The thing that will kill me

In the above phrases, the dependent clauses to the right are linked to subject on the left via the relative in the middle.

In English, the relative is sometimes optional, and one still has grammatically valid English without it. Examples:

The time I went to Phoebe

The place we first met

The way the crew was poisoned

The reason everyone is screaming

In Belter, if one is going to have a dependent clause, one must introduce it with a relative pronoun or adverb. In Belter, the phrases above lacking a relative word would be ungrammatical.

Every interrogative in Belter has a matching relative (with a couple having two matching relatives). As Belter interrogatives all begin with ke-, Belter relatives (with a couple of exceptions) begin with de-:

Detim [“the time when…”]

Desh tim detim mang im mowsh leva sif xox.

[There is time** the time when** person she must lift self up.]

There is a time when a person must stand up.

_ _

Demang [“the person(s) who…”]

Mi finyish shetexe da mang demang ta du xite sésata mi.

[I {perfective-mood-marker} stab/cut the person the person(s) who {past-tense} do/make strike sister me.]

I have stabbed the person who hit my sister.

_ _

Dépelesh [“the place where…”] _ _

To wanya go dépelesh kowmang sasa nem to.

[You want go** the place where** everyone know name you.]

You want to go where everybody knows your name.

_ _

Deting [“that/which”] _ _

Desh buk ere Erosh deting mi wanya.

[There is book on Eros the thing that me want.]

There is a book on Eros that I want.

_ _

Dewe [“the way that…”]

Mi na sasa dewe imalowda ta du im.

[Me {negative-marker} know the way that they {past-tense} do it.]

I don’t know how they did it.

_ _

Déradzhang [“the reason why…”]

Mi sasa déradzhang Erosh det.

I know the reason why Eros (is) dead.

Da Diogo im gúfovedi, déradzhang kɒmang du ámolof im.

[The Diogo he good-for-look-at,** the reason why** everyone do/make love him.]

Diogo is handsome, therefore everybody loves him.

NOTE: Déradzhang is not “because”, that’s fo.

The following four relatives all indicate proximity (close or far), as well as singular/plural, and include the two relatives that begin with xi- rather than de-:

Xídawang [“This one which…”]

HOLDING UP A BEER Xídawang da biya mi.

[This one which (is) the beer me.]

This is my beer.

_ _

Dédawang [“That one which…”]

POINTING TO A HALF-EMPTY, ROOM-TEMPERATURE BEER ON THE TABLE Dédawang da biya to.

[That one which the beer you.]

That’s your beer.

_ _

Xilowda [“These which…” “this many…”]

HOLDING UP 6-PACK Xilowda biya mi.

[These which beer me.]

These are my beers.

_ _

Delowda [“Those which...” “that many which..”]

POINTING AT EMPTY BOTTLES LITTERING THE GODDAMN APARTMENT Delowda ta biya mi, dzhemang! Keting sabakawala deting imim ta du xiya?

[Those which {past-tense} beer me, crooked-dick! What thing whoremonger the thing which {non-specific they}{past tense} do/make here?]

Those were my beers, asshole! What the fuck happened here?

As we have seen elsewhere in lang belta, one can drop the subject when the context makes it clear. Similarly, one can drop the subject and begin a sentence with a relative, with it’s trailing clause referencing the dropped subject.

Dewe da livit da Belta.

[The way that (is) the life the Belter]

Such (is) the Belter Life.

_ _

Dewe da we!

[The way that (is) the way!]

That’s how it’s done! (“Way to go!”, “Congratulations!”)

_ _

Dédawang mi du nem belta.

[That thing which I do/make name Belter.]

That’s what I call Belter.

_ _

Kowltim vedi fong bap unte kuwang.** Dépelesh** imim ge to.

[Always see/look from door and corner. The place where {nonspecific-they} get you.]

Always watch the doors and corners**. That’s** where they get you.

_** **_

Detim to ta ando du pirata, mi ta ando pashang beratna to.

[The time when you {past-tense} {ongoing-aspect-marker} do/make pirate, I {past-tense} {ongoing-aspect-marker} mount brother you.]

While you were pirating, I was fucking your brother.

_ _

Deting gonya gut im detim desh rowm wamotim.

[The thing that {future-tense} good it the time when there is rum again.]

What will be good is when there is rum again.

I hope this clears some things up. If you haven’t already, come join us on the Expanse Discord channel under #LangBelta and learn some Belter, maybe practice what you've gotten so far. Check out my “Belter Bartender” videos. See how many mistakes you can pick up. ;-)

And if you really want to drink from the source, consider joining Nick Farmer’s Patreon. (https://www.patreon.com/Nfarmer/overview).

Nick is the linguist behind lang belta, and an all around awesome guy to know. Supporters get to ask him language/grammar questions, request new Belter vocabulary, and help support the creator of this awesome conlang. There is a Questions to Nick Farmer google doc where those of us on the Discord share our answers with the class.

And remember: Orbit Books doesn’t seem to think there is enough of a market for an OFFICIAL lang belta textbook. They don’t think there are enough fans out there will to support the show (even if they don’t learn how to speak) by paying for merch.

After #SaveTheExpanse and the RPG kickstarter, I think we can convince them otherwise, keyá?

Wang manting, wang ámolof!

[laceyspencer]

Empirical Approach of Leading the Academic Advising Process in Higher Education-Juniper Publishers

Mini Review

In context of financial systems and their workings, definitions of systemic risk as well as financial contagion seems relatively vague and easily interchanged with one another. However, Zigrand [2] provides a valuable definition where he identifies systemic risk as the probability of an adverse event leading to a breakdown of an otherwise functioning system. At its core level, systemic risk is caused by systemic events and these events are such that their effect is in greater magnitude to a financial systems performance as the original event would have suggested. Hence, while contagion captures spillover effects of an exogenous shock to a node on another connected node, systemic risk examines a more extreme case where the bank the shock originates from feel some residue having been, to some degree, neutralised by other interconnected nodes. Therefore, a lot of financial systems researchers including Eisenberg and Noe, Demange, Zigrand [1-3] as well as Henry [4] all attach the concept of systemic risk to Feedback loops. And the idea of loop suggests cyclical obligations (Figure 1).

To elaborate, assume an economy consisting of n banks. Say we have a bank in∈, then a feedback loop is where an action of bank i on the system n yields, through the system, a greater than 1 impact on the bank i. For example, if a bank i falls short on its debt obligation due to exogenous events by $1 and all other banks in the system falls short endogenously, if bank i then falls short at the end by an amount greater than $1, then it means that the difference over $1 represents the endogenous default from bank icoming from bank i’s original default of $1. Hence an effect from a default loop.

Eisenberg and Noe [1] attempts to model this as is explained in the introductory section where they speak of the desire to model system of Cyclical Interdependence leading to cyclical defaults and hence feedback loops. However, the algorithm established which attempts to solve for the clearing system shows otherwise and to explain how, we begin with a sub issue.

Go to

Consider the Statement

“It is clear since there are only n-nodes, this process must terminate at n-iterations”. This is used in explaining the number of iterations it takes the fictitious default algorithm in Eisenberg and Noe [1] to clear. The set n captures the full number of banks in the economy. Now within this economy could also exist banks without any nominal obligation know as Sink Nodes. Banks such as this exists in the network because it is a pure creditor one or more banks in the system. Let us denote all non-sink nodes as N and all sink nodes as the subset S so that {} 1,,,,.nNS=…… Then the fictitious default algorithm should at most clear at N- iterations as opposed to n iterations. This is because sink nodes have no obligations and thus, amount to which they receive does not affect any other banks ability to pay.

Also, looking at the threshold where the process must terminate at N-iterations [1], it is easy to think iterations running above N-iterations, what then does this imply? The simple answer would be cyclical defaults feedback loops. To illustrate, let ei denote the exogenous cash value of a bank i, cfidenote its total assets and iπ its payment value. From gure 1, say ei = 10 and e j = 12. The payment system is denoted by the equations below;

Since there are only two indebted banks, the algorithm is supposed to clear at 2-iterations. But let us take the first iteration so that π j in the bracket equals 30 and πi= 45. cfi = 30 whiles cf j = 47. Hence πi = 30 while π j = 30. Because bank i owes 45, it defaults exogenously by a total amount of 15. This is referred to as firstwave default. In the second iteration πi now updates it obligation to what it can afford which is 30 so that, π j in the bracket is still equals 30 and πi = 30. This implies cfi = 30 while cf j ≈33. Based on the new liability, the payment is now πi = 30 and πi = 30 neither defaults and thus the termination ends at 2- iterations and the payment here marks the clearing payment.

Assume the same scenario except e j = 5 so that the equation 1:2 becomes π j = min{5 + 0.78π1,30}. while all other characteristics stays the same. At the first iteration so that π j in the bracket equals 30 and πi = 45. cfi = 30 whiles cf j = 40. Hence πi = 30 while π j = 30. Because bank i owes 45, it defaults exogenously by a total amount of 15. In the second iteration πi now updates it obligation to what it can afford which is 30 so that, j in the bracket is still equals 30 and πi = 30. This implies cfi = 30 while cf j = 28:3. With the adjusted liability, bank j now defaults by a total of 1:7. We then update bank j ’s liability to 28:3 so that at the third iteration, π j in the bracket equals 28:3 and πi = 30. This means that cfi = 28:8 while cf j = 28:3. Since bank i’s adjusted liability up to this point is 30, it then defaults by 2:2 while bank j doesn’t at this stage.

This iteration continues till each end up paying an amount approximately πi = 27:7 and π j = 26:5. Observe that in this second instance, the iterations clears at a number greater than 2. This is because if a bank i can default endogenously from its own exogenous de-fault, then the cycle has to re-account for the new default. This goes in a loop but in so far as a sink-node exists, amount of feedback decays rapidly as each loop is completed.

This is shown clearly in (Figure 2) where we see that towards 10-iterations, equity converges and thus payment is approximately determined at that point. However, the iteration runs if it can bring all defaulting banks equity to an absolute zero. This then depends on many other factors quite trivial to discuss. What is of interest is that the ability for such iterations to run much above its limit hence characterises a broken system where defaults lead to a full breakdown thus, fitting standard perception of systemic risk as opposed to default cascades/contagion.

In summary, cyclical interdependence raises possibility for systemic risk and systemic risk through networks with cyclical obligations is captured through default feedback loops. With these loops, the ctitious default algorithm runs much over the iterations equal to the number of paying rms as this time, payment is determined at the point residues from payments (equity) converges to zero.

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[songedunenuitdete]

  Bonjour à tous ! J’espère que vous avez tous passés de belles fêtes de fin d’année et je profite pour vous souhaiter à tous pleins de belles surprises et de bonheur pour 2019 😊. Allons voir maintenant si le mois de janvier commence avec une belle sélection des sorties cinéma.

“ASAKO I&II”

Film réalisé par Ryusuke Hamaguchi. Avec  Masahiro Higashide, Erika Karata, Koji Seto

SYPNOPSIS: Lorsque son premier grand amour disparaît du jour au lendemain, Asako est abasourdie et quitte Osaka pour changer de vie. Deux ans plus tard à Tokyo, elle tombe de nouveau amoureuse et s’apprête à se marier… à un homme qui ressemble trait pour trait à son premier amant évanoui.

“UNDERCOVER – UNE HISTOIRE VRAIE”

Film réalisé par Yann Demange. Avec Matthew McConaughey, Richie Merritt, Bel Powley

SYNOPSIS: À Détroit, dans les années 80, au plus fort de la guerre contre l’épidémie de crack, voici l’histoire vraie d’un père d’origine modeste, Richard Wershe, et de son fils, Rick Jr., un adolescent qui fut informateur pour le compte du FBI, avant de devenir lui-même trafiquant de drogue, et qui, abandonné par ceux qui l’avaient utilisé, fut condamné à finir ses jours en prison.

“UNE FEMME D’EXCEPTION”

Film réalisé par Mimi Leder. Avec  Felicity Jones, Armie Hammer, Justin Theroux

SYNOPSIS:

Jeune avocate idéaliste, Ruth Bader Ginsburg vient d’avoir un enfant et ne trouve aucun cabinet prêt à engager une femme… Lorsqu’elle accepte une affaire fiscale avec son mari Martin, elle comprend qu’il y a sans doute là l’occasion de faire évoluer sa carrière. Mais elle est surtout consciente de pouvoir changer le regard de la justice sur la discrimination fondée sur le sexe.

Une femme d’exception retrace les jeunes années de celle que l’on surnomme “Notorious RBG”. Aujourd’hui âgée de 85 ans, elle siège à la Cour Suprême et est l’une des plus grandes figures progressistes des États-Unis.

“BIENVENUE À MARWEN”

Film réalisé par Robert Zemeckis. Avec Steve Carell, Leslie Mann, Eiza Gonzalez

SYNOPSIS: L’histoire de Mark Hogancamp, victime d’une amnésie totale après avoir été sauvagement agressé, et qui, en guise de thérapie, se lance dans la construction de la réplique d’un village belge durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mettant en scène les figurines des habitants en les identifiant à ses proches, ses agresseurs ou lui-même.

  Première sélection de l’année, très variée ! J’espère, comme toujours, qu’elle vous donnera envie de vous faire une toile et je vous souhaite encore à tous une belle année 2019 🎉 !

AFFICHES

[Klolianebooks] Hello et bonne année à tous 😄 ! Débutons 2019 avec une belle sélection des sorties cinéma. Bonjour à tous ! J'espère que vous avez tous passés de belles fêtes de fin d'année et je profite pour vous souhaiter à tous pleins de belles surprises et de bonheur pour 2019 😊.