#marinol

[time4hemp]

What Is Tetrahydrocannabinol?

(THC) naturally occurs in the brain.

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Short Summary About THC.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive component of the cannabis plant. This cannabinoid was first isolated in 1964 by an Israeli Professor Dr. Raphael Mechoulam and Dr. Yechiel Gaoni. THC is currently a schedule I drug in the United States, meaning that it is deemed by the federal government to have no medicinal value whatsoever. One of the best ways to highlight this absurd notion is through the the double-standard of synthesizing of THC, a synthetic chemical that has been developed and legally sold in the United States under the name Marinol, which is available as a schedule III drug requiring a prescription.

THC is also a naturally occurring chemical with the human brain; this is where the psychoactive properties of THC come from. When you inhale or otherwise consume THC you flood your brain as well as the rest of your body with more THC than your body would naturally create on its own.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has a wide range of pain relief effects.

 THC has a wide range from mild to moderate analgesic or pain relieving effect, and has been used to treat pain by alerting the release of signals from various bodily components such as the spinal cord. There are often a number of other effects, including relaxation and a modification of the senses such as sight and auditory response, in addition to an increase in appetite.

It is well known that cannabis consumption increases appetite and food intake in humans, which is believed to be a result of THC effects on the CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus of the human brain. A study with mice suggests that cannabis stimulates taste as well as the pleasure experienced in the consumption of food. These studies are showing that increased pleasure may not be the only cause for an increase in appetite under the influence of THC.

Cancer patients benefit from the use of THC. 

Cancer patients often experience nausea from their chemotherapy as well as a loss in appetite. One of the hardest things cancer patients often deal with is a lack of nutrition as their appetite is either very low or nonexistent. Many of those suffering from cancer are finding marijuana and the THC within it to be a lifesaving appetite-stimulant which increases their appetite so they can eat, helping them take in the nutrition they desperately need. These same patients have also noticed a decrease in nausea, pain and other debilitating symptoms that other drugs have been unable to resolve without major addictions or side effects.

HIV/AIDS patients have also found relief from their conditions with THC, which reduces symptoms such as neuropathic pain induced by their therapy as well as an increase in weight gain. Because Marinol does not contain many of the other therapeutic components within real marijuana, like CBD, terpenoids, and flavonoids. AIDS/HIV sufferers who use this product may not achieve maximum benefit. Furthermore, some patients report that a single Marinol tablet frequently causes the patient to sleep or experience an all-day high that inhibits their cognitive ability throughout the day. Natural THC does not have the same effects, however, as the patient is able to carefully control their dose as well as take in the many other components of the natural drug.

Please share this with your friends.

[cannabiscomrade]

Does weed like completely take away your nausea? how helpful would u say it is for u?…. People say it can help with pain and stuff I’m just worried about being scammed into stuff no hate to u AT ALLLL there’s just a lot of “this product can do this” kind of thing out there and I’m a confused person but I heard it genuinely helps cancer patients w pain?? 😭

Listen you are smart for being skeptical of anyone who claims that any drug is a cure all. This is my own experience and research i am not a cannabis professional or a medical professional

Weed absolutely does not take away my nausea. I have to take it as an acute antiemetic in combination with Zofran. I also take benadryl once a day for carry over nausea and Emend 3x a week as a preventative, and I still have to drain my stomach due to nausea. I'm also on a PPI for acid reduction. Mind you I'm sure you're aware I have severe nausea.

Cannabinoids have antiemetic properties by influencing the receptors in your brain that cause nausea/vomiting, and it is also an appetite stimulant. Marinol/dronabinol are prescribed versions of synthesized THC for refractory nausea/vomiting.

Cannabinoids can help with pain for cancer patents (and many others) because they have found to be anti-inflammatory. This has been found to be true for CBD, CBG, or CBD+THC because they suppress cytokine production, and THC has been found to help with neuropathic pain in at least one study.

The power of relaxation and sedation alone also has an effect on pain reduction.

All this is to say that evidence suggests that cannabinoids are helpful with nausea and pain, but like other medications are never a cure all. And like other medications, it should not be given to everyone and it doesn't help everyone that tries it. I personally use it with quite a few other meds for my symptoms.

[bl0w-m3]

Marijuana was the best thing to ever happen to me.

I had never tried it recreationally, I was a troubled kid but I stayed generally away from drugs. Starting freshman year of high school I started getting flashbacks and was diagnosed with severe PTSD (recently updated in my case to C-PTSD). Due to these flashbacks and the paranoia and panic that followed, I was unable to stay in school or even function day to day. I spent my days terrified and defeated, almost failing out of school. I was self h@rming, attempting to end my life, I had lost all hope.

I started researching. We tried different medications and therapy’s but nothing was making any progress; anything and everything was a trigger, NOBODY even knew where to start let alone how to help. Until somebody very close to me recommended I try marijuana. And my life changed.

Within weeks of starting to use marijuana the flashbacks were decreasing from every few days, to once a week, to once every few weeks and so on until it was maybe one every few months. My paranoia and panic was easily calmed by a small dose. At first I was not even taking enough too become intoxicated, it was the bare minimum to give me my life back.

As I got older and found my career, it was clear I was not going to be able to pass drug tests, which really put my life on hold once again. I tried to get clean, but very quickly the stress, the flashbacks, and the fear came rushing back. Quitting simply wasn’t an option. At this time I was still under 18, so a medical marijuana card was out of the picture as well in my state. I wound up becoming hospitalized with extreme intractable nausea, another symptom the marijuana greatly helped with, and was lucky enough to meet with amazing doctors at a renowned children’s hospital, who worked as hard as they could to find a solution. Everybody was hesitant when my parents and I mentioned the fact that marijuana was what worked, and explained our predicament( which I would be happy to explain to anybody interested), and because I was just so lucky, the doctors gave me a prescription; not for a medical card, but for a medicine called Marinol, and small little pill with THC in it that they actually give to chemo patients to treat intractable nausea. It was a wonder drug for the past 5 years; it helped with my nausea and my PTSD without getting high in situations when I needed it, and it helped me pass drug tests while still being able to stay on my medicine (because yes, I 100% believe marijuana is medicine).

Recently, my insurance stopped renewing my marinol because they needed a diagnosis of cancer, and with a new job around the corner and my health just finally back on track, I was devastated.

Thankfully, after doing everything in my power, my paperwork has been sent in for a official medical marijuana card :)

Plant medicine saves lives in so many situations. I hope the stigma continues to decrease about the use of marijuana (and mushrooms, but that’s another subject) because it really can change lives.

[vapesale420]

What is The Different Of THC and CBD Oils

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) are both compounds found in cannabis plants but they have different chemical structures, which leads to different effects on the human body, and are often used in different contexts.

Here's a step-by-step analysis of the differences:

1. Chemical Structure:

- THC: Has a particular chemical structure that allows it to easily bind with cannabinoid receptors in the brain, leading to psychoactive effects.

- CBD: Although chemically similar to THC, its slight structural differences prevent it from binding as effectively with cannabinoid receptors, reducing its psychoactive effects.

2. Psychoactive Effects:

- THC: It is primarily known for its psychoactive effects, which can include euphoria, relaxation, altered senses, and time perception, but also anxiety and paranoia in some individuals.

- CBD: It is non-psychoactive, meaning it does not produce the "high" associated with THC. CBD may influence other receptors, including opioid receptors that regulate pain and glycine receptors involved in the regulation of the "feel-good" hormone serotonin.

3. Legal Status:

- THC: In many jurisdictions, THC is a controlled substance due to its psychoactive effects. Its legal status can vary greatly by country and state, with some places having legalized it for medical and/or recreational use.

- CBD: It is generally legal in more places than THC, especially if it's derived from hemp (which by legal definition must contain less than 0.3% THC by weight in the U.S.). However, its legal status can still vary and it's important to check local laws.

4. Medical Uses:

- THC: It is used to treat conditions like pain, muscle spasticity, glaucoma, insomnia, low appetite, nausea, and anxiety. It's available by prescription in some areas as dronabinol or Marinol.

- CBD: It is used for various health issues such as inflammation, pain, epilepsy, mental disorders, migraines, and can reduce the unwanted psychoactive effects of THC. The FDA has approved a purified form of CBD called Epidiolex for the treatment of certain seizure disorders.

5. Products:

- THC Oil: Typically, it is used for recreational or medicinal purposes and can be found in various concentrations.

- CBD Oil: Can be found in a variety of products, including dietary supplements, bath soaks, drinks, and food.

6. Side Effects:

- THC: Potential for cognitive impairment, memory issues, and potential for dependency or addiction, especially with prolonged high-usage.

- CBD: It is generally well-tolerated, but some users may experience side effects such as dry mouth, diarrhea, reduced appetite, drowsiness, and fatigue.

7. Extraction:

- THC Oil: Extracted from strains of cannabis that have high THC content.

- CBD Oil: Usually extracted from strains of cannabis that are high in CBD and low in THC, like hemp.

8. Interaction with Other Medications:

- THC and CBD can both interact with other medications. CBD, for example, can inhibit the enzyme system (cytochrome P450) in the liver that metabolizes many pharmaceuticals, which can affect drug potency and side effects.

When considering using THC or CBD oil, it's important to be aware of the legal implications, the desired effects or outcomes, and any potential health risks or interactions with other medications. Consulting with a healthcare provider is always recommended to ensure safety and efficacy.

Learn more at https://vapesale420.com/

[adityarana1687-blog]

Medical Marijuana Market Expected To Achieve Lucrative Growth By 2030

The global medical marijuana market size is expected to reach USD 65.8 billion by 2030 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 21.80% over the forecast period, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The major factors attributed to the industry growth are the rapid adoption of cannabis in therapeutic applications and a surge in the number of countries legalizing the usage of medical marijuana.

As per numerous studies, cannabis has shown positive results in the treatment of chronic diseases. Thus, with the growing penetration of chronic disease throughout the globe, the industry is expected to see a steep rise in demand. For instance, as per the data released by the WHO, the chronic disease burden was expected to reach 57% by 2020. The growing research and development activities in the industry are also expected to drive the growth in demand.

Additionally, various factors such as a rise in disposable income, increasing social acceptance of cannabis, and growth in awareness regarding the benefits of the product, along with improvements in intellectual property rights of cannabis are some of the major factors that are expected to fuel the growth of the industry.

Key players are coming together on strategic initiatives such as mergers & acquisitions, collaborations, partnerships, funding & investments, and innovative product developments & launches to expand their expertise & product portfolio. This also fuels the industry’s growth. For instance, in March 2021, Germany's largest pharmaceutical company, Stada entered the medical marijuana market by launching its two flower products, and further, the company has plans to offer five flower products along with three extracts with different compositions of CBD and THC.

One of the major factors that restrict industry growth is the strict regulation policy. To date, FDA has not allowed the marketing usage of cannabis for the treatment of any disease or condition. Although, the organization has approved one cannabis-derived drug product: Epidiolex (cannabidiol), and three synthetic cannabis-related drug products: Marinol (dronabinol), Syndros (dronabinol), and Cesamet (nabilone). These permitted drug products are only available with a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

Request a free sample copy or view report summary: Medical Marijuana Market Report

Medical Marijuana Market Report Highlights

The market size is anticipated to be valued at USD 65.8 million by 2030, owing to the growing legalization of medical marijuana in various countries

In 2022, the oil and tinctures segment dominated the market owing to its growing medical usage for the treatment of chronic pains, cancer, neurological disorders, and others

Chronic pain segment dominated in 2022. The growing number of clinical trials with marijuana to treat neuropathic and chronic pain is one of the key indicators, which highlights the rising usage of cannabis in pain management over the coming few years

North America dominated in 2022 owing to the presence of major players, the increasing rate of cannabis legalization in the U.S., and the launch of new products

Medical Marijuana Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global medical marijuana market by product type, application, and region:

Medical Marijuana Product Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2017 - 2030)

Flower

Oil & Tinctures

Medical Marijuana Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2017 - 2030)

Cancer

Chronic Pain

Depression and Anxiety

Arthritis

Diabetes

Glaucoma

Migraines

Epilepsy

Multiple Sclerosis

AIDS

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Alzheimer’s Disease

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Parkinson's Disease

Tourettes

Others

Medical Marijuana Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2017 - 2030)

North America

U.S.

Canada

Europe

Germany

U.K.

Italy

Poland

Czech Republic

Switzerland

Croatia

Netherlands

Spain

Asia Pacific

China

Japan

India

Thailand

Australia

New Zealand

Latin America

Uruguay

Colombia

Brazil

Mexico

MEA

Africa

List of Key Players in the Medical Marijuana Market

Tilray

Aurora Cannabis

Canopy Growth Corporation

Aphria, Inc.

Maricann Group, Inc.

Tikun Olam, Ltd.

MedReleaf. Corp.

GW Pharmaceuticals plc.

Cannabis Sativa, Inc.

Medical Marijuana, Inc.

[canmed]

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of the most studied compounds in the #cannabisplant, but to think that the entire pharmacology of the cannabis plant boils down to this compound is far from the truth. #THC is also the main psychoactive component of cannabis. THC has a molecular structure of 21 carbon atoms, 30 hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. THC is chemically similar to the body's #endocannabinoids, which allows it to interact with cannabinoids and other receptors. The interaction of THC with cannabinoid receptors affects the release of neurotransmitters, chemicals responsible for transmitting messages between cells and have roles in #pain, immune function, #stress and #sleep, among others. Professor Mechoulam carried out the identification and isolation of the molecular structure of THC in 1964. 🔍  THC is a partial agonist of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the brain, centrally and peripherally, showing analgesic, antipruritic and bronchodilator effects and therefore used in treating asthma. It is also a potent neuroprotective antioxidant, helping to prevent brain damage. In addition to its activity on the CB1 receptor, THC is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory via non-CB1. It shows 20 times the anti-inflammatory potency of aspirin and two times that of hydrocortisone. But it doesn't inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, nor present the same cardiovascular risk as typical NSAIDs. It is also a potent muscle relaxant, approved in treating spasticity associated with #MultipleSclerosis, namely a drug, with a standardised dose, and a THC:CBD 1:1 ratio, which releases 2.7mg of THC and 2.5mg of CBD, in each application (nabiximols). And, of course, THC is a potent antiemetic, particularly in #chemotherapy treatment situations. It is the basis for the synthetic cannabinoid Marinol® creation, approved for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the USA. Besides, THC apparently inhibits beta-amyloid plaque formation, associated with #Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology.

[cbd-for-sleep]

Clinical Cannabis - The Discussion Surges On

Marijuana is likewise known as turf, weed and also pot however its formal name is actually cannabis. It comes from the fallen leaves as well as flowers of the plant Cannabis sativa. It is taken into consideration a prohibited substance in the US and numerous nations and belongings of marijuana is a criminal offense punishable by law. The FDA identifies cannabis as Schedule I, compounds which have a really high capacity for misuse as well as have no proven clinical usage. Throughout the years numerous studies claim that some substances discovered in marijuana have medical use, especially in terminal diseases such as cancer as well as AIDS. This began a tough dispute over the pros and cons of making use of medical cannabis. To settle this debate, the Institute of Medicine published the well-known 1999 IOM record qualified Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. The record was extensive however did not give a clear cut yes or no solution. The contrary camps of the clinical marijuana issue typically cite part of the record in their advocacy debates. Although the report clarified lots of things, it never settled the controversy once and for all cbd for sleep. Let's consider the concerns that support why medical cannabis needs to be legislated. ( 1) Marijuana is a naturally taking place natural herb as well as has been used from South America to Asia as a natural medicine for centuries. In this day and also age when the all natural and also all-natural are necessary health buzzwords, a naturally occurring herb like marijuana might be extra appealing to as well as safer for customers than miracle drugs. ( 2) Marijuana has solid healing capacity. Numerous studies, as summed up in the IOM record, have actually observed that marijuana can be used as analgesic, e.g. to deal with discomfort. A couple of researches showed that THC, a marijuana element works in treating chronic pain experienced by cancer cells clients. Studies on acute discomfort such as those experienced during surgical treatment and also trauma have inconclusive records. A few researches, additionally summarized in the IOM record, have actually shown that some marijuana components have antiemetic properties and are, for that reason, reliable against nausea or vomiting and vomiting, which are common negative effects of cancer cells chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Some scientists are convinced that marijuana has some healing capacity versus neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Details substances extracted from cannabis have strong restorative possibility. Cannobidiol (CBD), a major component of cannabis, has been revealed to have antipsychotic, anticancer and also antioxidant buildings. Various other cannabinoids have actually been revealed to avoid high intraocular stress (IOP), a major risk element for glaucoma. Medicines which contain active components present in cannabis however have been synthetically created busy have actually been accepted by the United States FDA. One example is Marinol, an antiemetic representative suggested for nausea or vomiting and throwing up associated with cancer chemotherapy. Its active ingredient is dronabinol, an artificial delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). ( 3) One of the major proponents of medical cannabis is the Marijuana Policy Project (MPP), a US-based company. Several doctor cultures and organizations have actually revealed their support. As an instance, The American College of Physicians, suggested a re-evaluation of the Schedule I category of marijuana in their 2008 position paper. ACP also reveals its solid support for research into the restorative duty of marijuana as well as exemption from federal criminal prosecution; civil responsibility; or expert approving for medical professionals who suggest or dispense medical cannabis in accordance with state legislation. Security from criminal or civil penalties for individuals who make use of clinical marijuana as permitted under state legislations.

[time4hemp]

A Brief History Of Medical Cannabis

It’s a natural healing-gift from Mother Nature.

Unveiling the Medicinal History of Cannabis.

Written by Casper Leitch

The debate surrounding the medicinal properties of marijuana has raged for decades in the United States, yet its healing potential has been acknowledged for centuries in other parts of the world. Dating back nearly ten thousand years, ancient China and Taiwan were pioneers in recognizing the therapeutic benefits of this remarkable plant. Cannabis was utilized as an anesthetic, ground into powder, and mixed with wine for surgical procedures. Interestingly, the Chinese word for anesthesia directly translates to ‘cannabis intoxication’. In ancient Indian medicine, cannabis was prescribed to alleviate insomnia, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. This is a testament to its versatility in treating various ailments.

Even the ancient Greeks and Islamic cultures recognized the medicinal value of cannabis. Greeks used it to dress wounds and soothe their horses' sores, while Islam employed it for its anti-inflammatory and anti-epileptic properties. The rich history of cannabis as a healing agent continued into the 19th century when it made its way to the Western world. Before 1937, over 2000 cannabis-based medications were available, showcasing its widespread acceptance and effectiveness.

One notable figure in cannabis history is William O'Shaughnessy, an Irish doctor who introduced cannabis medication to the Western world in the early 1830s. He experimented with cannabis as an anti-convulsant, laying the foundation for its use in treating seizures, a practice that continues today. In the 1960s, Dr. Albert Lockhart and his colleague observed a low incidence of glaucoma among Jamaican communities, attributing it to the local practice of using cannabis-infused eye wash. This discovery further highlighted the potential medical benefits of cannabis.

In the 1970s, the U.S. witnessed a pivotal moment with the development of synthetic THC, leading to the FDA approval of Marinol, a capsule form of cannabis medication. However, patients faced challenges with dosing and administration, as the capsules were difficult to swallow and took longer to take effect compared to inhaled forms of cannabis.

Despite these hurdles, the rich history of cannabis as a medicinal plant continues to inspire research and advocacy efforts worldwide. As we work towards ending hemp prohibition and advocating for the legalization of medical cannabis and recreational marijuana use, it's crucial to acknowledge the centuries-old tradition of cannabis healing and its potential to alleviate suffering and improve lives.

Below a FREE TO DOWNLOAD marijuana music MP3 by The Individuals.

Weed Helps.

[statesandcounties]

Unexpected Medications That Can Cause a Positive THC Test 1. Dronabinol (Marinol) 2. Nabilone (Cesamet) 3. Sativex 4. Cesamet 5. Elixinol CBD Oil Introduction Drug tests are common in many workplaces, schools, and even for some sporting events. These tests are often used to detect the presence of drugs in an individual's system. One drug that is commonly tested for is THC, the active ingredient in marijuana. While the use of marijuana is becoming more accepted and even legalized in some states, it is still illegal at the federal level and can result in consequences such as losing a job or ... Read More. https://statesandcounties.com/2023/06/22/medications-that-will-test-positive-for-thc-list-of-prescription-medications-that-can-cause-a-positive-thc-drug-test-result/?feed_id=5957&_unique_id=649b2b3662416

[cannabiscomrade]

I’m thinking about getting mmj and I’m wondering if it could be a good choice for me? if I took it during a ptsd episode, traumatic event, or anxiety moment would it rlly potentially relax me into feeling better? it can be hard for me to loosen up around people could it kinda help like alcohol does with like being more confident/less self consicous? Putting pain aside are there any cases of it helping with fatigue and malaise? the only thing I’m scared of is smoking and it having a neg effect on my lungs and stuff .. is it rlly true when people say even if you smoke once it stays in your lungs forever?

Hey! Thank you for trusting me with this. I hope I can give you some good feedback.

You want to look at it like any other medication. If you're taking it for PTSD/trauma, you want to figure out if you're at risk for psychosis. That would be my biggest concern with recommending new MMJ usage to anyone, and that's as someone who experiences psychosis symptoms occasionally. If you have psychosis, it can have a negative impact on the side effects you experience, so just keep that in mind with trying any psychoactive medication/drug.

MMJ does help a lot with managing anxiety and social anxiety IF you are very slow with increasing your dose. A high dose can cause paranoia, but I find that the right dose helps me a lot with managing environmental anxiety.

It also can definitely help with fatigue and malaise for some people. This can also depend on your method of intake and the strain. Edible highs are metabolized differently than inhalants, so edible highs are more for physiological body symptoms, which can increase perceived fatigue.

All forms of smoking have a negative effect on your lungs- but no, it's not true that it stays in your lungs forever. Your lungs actually experience cell reproduction very rapidly and can respond to and repair damage relatively quickly in comparison to other parts of the body. When it comes to MMJ inhalants, it's about harm reduction and weighing the risks and benefits in your case for medical use.

Using concentrate is a fantastic form of harm reduction because it's vaporized, the temperature can be more controlled, and you need less intake to hit that medical dosage. But smoking cannabis flower also can be done in a harm reduction format, like using bongs, filters, etc. Any form of smoking herb will create carcinogens though, so I don't want to give you disinformation and act like smoking weed is "fine". It's like any medication, there are risks and benefits that need to be weighed.

MMJ can be done by smoking, dabbing/vaporizing, edibles, topicals, drinkables, tinctures... I'm sure I'm even missing some forms. There's also synthesized prescription THC called Marinol/dronabinol.

[manostaxx]

Currently available cannabinoid dosage forms and innovative delivery systems in clinical evaluation

  Currently available cannabinoid dosage forms and innovative delivery systems in clinical evaluation Company Name Formulation Admin route Clinical status Indication Clinical trials db/notes Dose References Abbvie Dronabinol Marinol® capsule THC synthetic Oral, capsule Market Nausea, cachexia 2.5–10 mg/twice daily Marinol® Product Monograph AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals Nabilone FTD THC…

[lcannabis]

What You Need to Know About Cannabis (Marijuana) and Cannabinoids

What You Need to Know About Cannabis (Marijuana) and Cannabinoids

Is cannabis the same as marijuana?

Although the terms are often used interchangeably, "cannabis" and "marijuana" refer to two distinct substances.

The term "cannabis" is used to describe anything that comes from the cbd for neck muscle pain

 sativa plant.

Roughly 540 chemical compounds have been identified in the cannabis plant.

The term "marijuana" is commonly used to refer to Cannabis sativa plant parts and/or products that are high in the psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The psychoactive effects of marijuana are caused by a chemical called tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). There are cannabis strains that barely register as THC. These plants are classified as "industrial hemp" rather than "marijuana" under U.S. legislation.

We will continue to refer to Cannabis sativa as "cannabis" for the rest of this fact page.

Cannabinoids: what are they?

Cannabinoids are a class of chemicals discovered in marijuana.

Which cannabinoids are the most prevalent?

THC and CBD are the two most common cannabinoids.

What is the total number of cannabinoids?

More than a hundred additional cannabinoids have been discovered in addition to THC and CBD.

Is there any medical cannabis or cannabinoids that have been approved by the FDA?

The cannabis plant has not been recognized by the FDA for any therapeutic applications. However, several drugs containing isolated cannabinoids have been approved by the FDA.

Seizures caused by Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome are effectively treated with Epidiolex, a pharmaceutical containing a pure version of CBD derived from cannabis.

The FDA has approved three synthetic cannabinoids: dronabinol (found in Marinol and Syndros) and nabilone (found in Cesamet). Nausea and vomiting from cancer chemotherapy are treatable with dronabinol and nabilone. Dronabinol is also used to treat anorexia and wasting in HIV/AIDS patients.

Is it acceptable for THC or CBD to be included in nutritional products?

The Food and Drug Administration has banned the sale of any supplements containing THC or CBD. Adding THC or CBD to food is not permitted under federal law for distribution across state lines. It is up to the laws and regulations of each individual state to determine whether or not sales are authorized.

Are medical diseases helped by cannabis or cannabinoids?

Some forms of epilepsy, cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and HIV/AIDS-related anorexia and weight loss may all respond favorably to drugs containing cannabinoids. The benefits of cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain and MS symptoms are also minimal, according to the available research. When it comes to glaucoma, cannabis isn't useful. The study of cannabis and cannabinoids as potential treatments for various diseases is only getting started.

[drugsinceu]

Is cannabis niet beter dan placebo voor pijnverlichting?

Onlangs werd de groene wereld opgeschud door een onderzoek waaruit bleek dat een cannabis-placebo een zeer vergelijkbare pijnverlichting bied als een op cannabis gebaseerd product. Dat geldt echter ook voor medicijnen als ibuprofen en aspirine. Hieronder wordt uitgelegd hoe dit werkt.Een meta-analyse van 20 gerandomiseerde gecontroleerde onderzoeken onderzocht het effect van positieve media-aandacht op de verwachtingen van patiënten voor pijnverlichting van cannabisproducten. De onderzoeken omvatten in totaal 1.459 mensen, van wie de meesten neuropathische pijn of pijn door multiple sclerose hadden. De wetenschap heeft bewezen dat chronische, laaggradige ontstekingen een stille moordenaar kunnen worden die bijdraagt ​​aan hart- en vaatziekten, kanker, diabetes type 2 en andere aandoeningen. Cannabis versus placebo De actieve behandelingen die in deze onderzoeken werden gebruikt, omvatten twee belangrijke cannabinoïden in marihuana, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) of cannabidiol (CBD), en de voorgeschreven medicijnen nabilone (Cesamet), dronabinol (Marinol, Syndros) en nabiximols (Sativex). De producten - en de placebo's - werden gegeven als een pil, spray, olie of rook/damp. De onderzoekers ontdekten dat deelnemers die actieve behandeling kregen en deelnemers die placebo kregen, vergelijkbare niveaus van pijnverlichting rapporteerden.Ted J. Kaptchuk, directeur van het Program in Placebo Studies en The Therapeutic Encounter aan het aan Harvard gelieerde Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, zegt dat de bevindingen van dit goed uitgevoerde onderzoek niet verrassend zijn. "Met uitzondering van opioïden zijn de meeste pijnstillende medicijnen nauwelijks beter dan een placebo", zegt hij. In klinische onderzoeken met gewone pijnstillers zoals aspirine en ibuprofen, bieden placebo's zelfs ongeveer evenveel pijnverlichting als de eigenlijke medicijnen. Dat wil niet zeggen dat de actieve medicijnen geen fysiologische effecten hebben. Integendeel, de effecten van een placebo bootsen die effecten na. Ze werken gewoon via verschillende neurobiologische routes, legt Kaptchuk uit. Hoe beïnvloedt een placebo de hersenen? "Sinds eind jaren zeventig weten we dat als je iemand een placebo geeft, er verschillende neurotransmitters in de hersenen vrijkomen en specifieke delen van de hersenen worden geactiveerd", zegt Kaptchuk. Deze neurotransmitters omvatten endocannabinoïden, die qua structuur vergelijkbaar zijn met de actieve bestanddelen in cannabis. Wat de afgifte van deze chemicaliën precies veroorzaakt, blijft echter een mysterie.Zoals Kaptchuk en collega's in een recensie uit 2020 in TheBMJ schreven over placebo's bij chronische pijn, is de klassieke theorie om het placebo-effect te verklare verwachting: je gelooft dat de behandeling die je krijgt je beter zal laten voelen, en het wordt een self-fulfilling prophecy. Wekt media-aandacht verwachtingen voor medicinale cannabis? Volgens de auteurs van de nieuwe meta-analyse heeft een schat aan positieve media-aandacht waarschijnlijk bijgedragen aan de verwachting. In een afzonderlijke analyse van 136 nieuwsitems in traditionele media en blogs, ontdekten ze dat cannabisstudies meer media-aandacht kregen dan andere gepubliceerde studies, ongeacht de omvang van de placebo-respons of het therapeutische effect van cannabis. Maar hoewel de mediahype hier misschien een rol speelt, is het de moeite waard eraan te herinneren dat niet-gehypte medicijnen zoals ibuprofen ook sterke placebo-reacties opwekken, zegt Kaptchuk. De placebo-respons kan ook ontstaan ​​wanneer mensen zorg en aandacht krijgen van een medische professional in het kader van een behandeling, wat bewuste en onbewuste gevoelens oproept dat ze zich beter gaan voelen. Behandelingen die meer rituelen met zich meebrengen, zoals het krijgen van een injectie of roken, hebben ook de neiging om het placebo-effect meer te versterken dan alleen het slikken van een pil. Wat kunnen cannabisproducten doen? Als je een op cannabis gebaseerd product gebruikt voor pijn of overweegt er een te proberen, wat moet je dan van deze bevindingen denken? "Volgens de strikte orthodoxie van de moderne geneeskunde zou een arts zeggen dat cannabisproducten niet werken - ze zijn niet beter dan een placebo", zegt Kaptchuk.Een klinische proef is echter niet het echte leven. Chronische pijn is notoir moeilijk te behandelen. En hoe effectiever een medicijn is in het behandelen van pijn, hoe groter de kans op bijwerkingen en andere ongewenste gevolgen, zoals afhankelijkheid en verslaving. "Als iets - een ander alternatief middel - pijn helpt verlichten en geen significante schade aanricht, zou ik zeggen: gebruik het." Het is daarbij slim om een arts te raadplegen. Bron: www.health.harvard.edu (EN) Read the full article