#largest-producer-of-pulses-in-india

[oaresearchpaper]

Analyzing Drought Tolerance in Indian Chickpea Varieties

Abstract

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture for losses in crop productivity worldwide. Three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties namely P362, P1103 and SBD377 were assessed for response to drought tolerance during vegetative stage, in stress and non-stress environments, under contained conditions. Several physiological parameters including gas exchange, photosynthesis rate, fluorescence, stomatal conductance and water loss per day were monitored simultaneously. P362 variety showed maximum photosynthesis rate in irrigated as well as in drought conditions. This variety also maintained its relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP) during imposition of similar duration of drought. Due to the maximum elasticity of leaf cells, it maintained its cell turgidity upto 68% RWC to protect itself from water stress, compared to variety P1103 and SBD377. The effective solute concentration and osmotic potential in the irrigated controls at full turgor was lowest in P362 variety, compared to the other two varieties. Osmotic adjustment (OA) was assessed as a capacity factor which is rate of change in turgor pressure with RWC. P362 variety showed a maximum OA value of 0.27 while the values for SBD377 and P1103 were 0.22 and 0.21, respectively. During water stress, the chlorophyll content was minimally reduced in P362 variety, therefore effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and photosynthesis rate was maximally maintained. The higher photosynthesis rate under irrigated conditions and maintenance of higher RWC under drought conditions makes P362 variety a promising option for optimum yield under prolonged terminal drought or under rain-fed conditions.

Introduction

The land plants have been coping with water stress, ever since they left the seas and colonized the dry land (Thomas 1997). As time passed by, progressive anthropogenic activities of the modern era has made the weather more unpredictable and crop plants dependent on rainwater are still facing the vagaries of the ever changing weather conditions. Because, land plants experience constant fluctuations in the availability of water, they have evolved adaptive features to search for and absorb water through their root systems, to prevent excessive transpirational water loss and to adjust their physiology and biochemistry for survival and sustainable growth and (Zhang et al., 1996; Zhu et al., 1997).

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an ancient legume crop believed to have originated in South Eastern Turkey and adjoining parts of Syria (Singh 1997). It is the second most important pulse crop of the world and covers 15% of the cultivated area thus, contributing to 14% (7.9 million tonnes) of the world’s total pulses productivity of 58 million tonnes. India is the largest producer of chickpea in the world but the yield has been stagnating for last two decades primarily due to abiotic and biotic stresses and relatively slow progress in its genetic improvement (Dita et al., 2006; FAO 2012).

Chickpea plays a significant role in the nutrition of both rural and the urban population in the developing world. Improving its adaptation to drought including terminal drought is critical for sustained grain yield under rain-fed cultivation. From an estimated 3.7 million tonnes annual loss in chickpea through water deficit in semi-arid regions, about 2.1 million tonnes could be recovered by crop improvement efforts (Bhatnagar-Mathur et al., 2009). However, the multigenic and quantitative nature of drought tolerance makes it difficult to increase abiotic stress tolerance using conventional plant breeding methods and availability of genotypes tolerant to drought (Singh et al., 2012). Unfortunately, cultivated chickpea has high morphological but narrow genetic diversity and understanding the genetic processes of this plant is hindered by the fact that its genome has not yet been annotated for adequate EST and SNP resources (Varshney et al., 2013; Jain et al., 2013). Although, chickpea is considered as drought-tolerant cool-season food legume but terminal drought still limits chickpea production and grain yield. Due to terminal drought seed yield can be reduced by 58−95% compared to irrigated plants with reduction in pod production per plant and abortion are the chief factors affecting the overall grain yield (Behboudian et al., 2001; Leport et al., 2006).

In chickpea, a deep root system, osmotic adjustment, high leaf water potential, early flowering and maturity, high biomass, and apparent redistribution of stem and leaf dry matter during pod filling are associated with drought tolerance (Morgan et al., 1991; Subbarao et al., 1995; Leport et al., 2006). The requirement of water during flowering, pod development and seed filling stages is crucial for the productivity of chickpea plant. The influence of drought on yield of chickpea has been documented, but extensive research on the physiological responses of water stress on chickpea is limited (Sheldrake and Saxena 1973; Turner and Begg 1981). Leaf water potential is a good indicator of plant water stress and correlates well with different plant functions and crop productivity in legumes (Sojka and Parsons 1983; Phogat et al., 1984)

Three chickpea varieties P362, P1103 and SBD377 were grown for the assessment of drought stress response under water deficit and non-stress environments. Various physiological parameters like plant water loss per day, plant height, total photosynthesis area, relative water content, plant water potential, gas exchange, fluorescence and wet sensor reading of soil parameters were assessed. Based on these physiological parameters, the best responding variety to drought stress environment was determined during the course of the study, which can be incorporated in chickpea breeding programmes for the introgression of drought tolerance trait in other high yielding but drought sensitive varieties for cultivation in rain fed areas and genetic improvement of chickpea for drought tolerance.

Source : Analyzing Drought Tolerance in Indian Chickpea Varieties | InformativeBD

[uniquefragrances1]

Understanding with Merchant Exporters in India

India has long been recognized as a major hub for a variety of products, especially grocery and spice exports. The diverse agricultural landscape, coupled with the country’s rich culinary heritage, makes India a leading exporter of high-quality spices, herbs, and other grocery products. For many international buyers, sourcing these products from India is often facilitated by Unique Fragrances a leading Merchant Exporter in India—a critical link in India the export chain.

In this blog post, we will explore the role of merchant exporter, their significance in the Indian grocery and spice export industry, and how they help international buyers access authentic Indian products.

For businesses looking to source Indian groceries and spices, merchant exporters are often the most efficient way to secure authentic and competitively priced products.

The Role of Merchant Exporters in the Indian Grocery and Spice Industry

India is known as the spice capital of the world, contributing more than 70% of the global spice production. Products like cumin, turmeric, cardamom, black pepper, and red chili powder are just a few examples of the country’s renowned offerings. In addition to spices, the demand for Indian groceries—such as pulses, rice, and edible oils—has grown exponentially in international markets. Merchant exporters serve as a crucial intermediary to meet this demand.

Key Roles Played by Merchant Exporters:

Product Sourcing: We have in-depth knowledge of local suppliers and manufacturers. They work closely with them to source high-quality products such as spices, grains, and other groceries.

Quality Assurance: Exporting to international markets requires adherence to strict quality standards. We ensure that the products meet the certifications and guidelines set by the importing country, such as organic certifications, ISO, and HACCP.

Market Expertise: We understand the intricacies of international trade, including import/export regulations, documentation, and logistics. They facilitate smooth transactions, ensuring that buyers receive their products on time and in compliance with all legal requirements.

Competitive Pricing: By negotiating directly with local producers and suppliers, So, being a leading Spices Exporter in India we offer competitive pricing to international buyers, which is a key advantage for retailers and wholesalers seeking to purchase Indian groceries and spices in bulk.

How Merchant Exporters Help Indian Spices Reach Global Markets

Spices hold a special place in the global culinary landscape, and India is the world’s largest exporter of spices. Merchant exporters play a pivotal role in making this happen. At Unique Fragrances, our dedication to exporting high-quality Indian spices is driven by a deep commitment to authenticity and flavor. As a merchant exporter, we ensure that the spices we source are of the finest quality, sustainably grown, and processed to meet international standards.

Steps in the Export Process:

Sourcing from Trusted Farmers and Suppliers: Merchant exporters like us have a network of reliable farmers and suppliers who cultivate and produce spices with traditional methods. These partnerships ensure that we can consistently offer premium-grade spices such as cumin, coriander, and turmeric.

Processing and Packaging: Once sourced, the spices undergo cleaning, drying, and grinding (if necessary) before being packaged. Ensuring freshness and maintaining the aromatic qualities of the spices is crucial for export success.

Compliance and Certifications: Exporting spices to international markets requires a range of certifications, such as organic, FSSAI, and other country-specific certifications. Merchant exporters ensure that all the necessary documentation is in place before shipping.

Logistics and Delivery: Managing the logistics of international shipping is another important function of merchant exporters. They work with trusted freight forwarders and logistics providers to ensure that the products are delivered to the buyer’s country efficiently and cost-effectively.

Why Choose Unique Fragrances as Your Merchant Exporter?

At Unique Fragrances, we specialize in exporting Indian spices and groceries to the global market. With years of experience as merchant exporters, we are uniquely positioned to deliver the finest Indian products to international buyers, ensuring quality, authenticity, and competitive pricing.

Our Commitment to Quality: We understand that the global demand for Indian spices and groceries requires a strict focus on quality. That is why we work closely with local farmers and suppliers to source the best products while ensuring sustainable farming practices.

Global Reach: Our products, which include a wide variety of Indian spices and grocery items, are already exported to countries across the globe. Whether you’re a small retailer or a large wholesaler, we have the capacity to meet your needs.

Seamless Export Process: From documentation to logistics, we manage the entire export process, so you don’t have to worry about compliance or delivery. We provide end-to-end solutions for businesses looking to import Indian groceries and spices with ease.

Conclusion

Merchant exporters are the backbone of India’s vibrant export industry, helping businesses around the world access the rich flavors and high-quality groceries that India has to offer. By partnering with a trusted merchant exporter like Unique Fragrances, international buyers can be assured of receiving authentic, premium-quality Indian products.

If you’re looking to source Indian spices or groceries, we invite you to explore our offerings at Unique Fragrances. Let us help you bring the finest flavors of India to your customers.

[blueweave8]

Organic Soil Amendments Market Size, Demand, Report 2023-2030

BlueWeave Consulting, a leading strategic consulting, and Market research firm, in its recent study, estimated Global Organic Soil Amendments Market size by value at USD 5,022.60 million in 2023.During the forecast period between 2024 and 2030, BlueWeave expects Global Organic Soil Amendments Market size to expand at a CAGR of 3.87% reaching a value of USD 6,514.41 million in 2030. Global Organic Soil Amendments Market is driven by increasing awareness of chemical fertilizers' environmental impact and health risks. Consumers and farmers are opting for organic soil amendments to promote sustainable agriculture and reduce pollution. Soil health is crucial for long-term agricultural productivity, and the organic food industry growth is driving this demand. Technological advancements and innovations in organic soil amendment products are making them more accessible and attractive to farmers. Government policies and subsidies support this shift towards organic farming practices.

Opportunity – Growing popularity of urban agriculture and home gardening

The growth of urban agriculture and home gardening is driving the demand for organic soil amendments. As more individuals and communities engage in sustainable practices, the use of organic composts, manures, and other natural soil enhancers becomes essential. These amendments improve soil health, boost plant growth, and enhance crop yields, making them popular among urban gardeners and small-scale farmers. The trend is expected to continue to support the expansion of Global Organic Soil Amendments Market, reflecting a growing preference for eco-friendly and self-sufficient food production methods.

Sample Request @ https://www.blueweaveconsulting.com/report/organic-soil-amendments-market/report-sample

Impact of Escalating Geopolitical Tensions on Global Organic Soil Amendments Market

Geopolitical tensions are causing significant disruptions in Global Organic Soil Amendments Market, leading to increased costs and uncertainties. The Russia-Ukraine war has caused supply shortages and price hikes in essential raw materials like potash and phosphorus. Trade restrictions and tariffs imposed during these conflicts also contribute to market instability. The United States-China trade war has led to increased tariffs on agricultural products, impacting American farmers' access to affordable organic soil amendments. Economic sanctions on countries like Iran and North Korea restrict their ability to import or export agricultural products, limiting market growth and straining global supply chains.

Fruits & Vegetables Segment Is Largest Crop Type in the Market

A spurring demand for organic produce across the major crop types including fruits & vegetables, cereals & grains, and oilseeds & pulses segments. The growth in the dominant fruits & vegetables crop type segment benefits from consumers' preference for organic farming practices that enhance soil health and crop yield without synthetic chemicals. Rising awareness about environmental sustainability and health benefits associated with organic fruits and vegetables is expected to further propel the growth of fruits & vegetables segment in the Global Organic Soil Amendments Market by crop type.

Competitive Landscape

Global Organic Soil Amendments Market is fiercely competitive, with numerous companies vying for a larger market share. Major companies in the market include BASF SE, Bayer AG, UPL, Delbon, Haifa Group, FMC Corporation, Soil Technologies Corp, The Fertrell Company, Agrinos, T.Stanes & Company Limited, Novozymes, Timac Agro, ADAMA India Private Limited, Biosoil Farms, Symborg, and Nufarm. These companies use various strategies, including increasing investments in their R&D activities, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, collaborations, licensing agreements, and new product and service releases to further strengthen their position in Global Organic Soil Amendments Market.

Contact Us:

BlueWeave Consulting & Research Pvt. Ltd

+1 866 658 6826 | +1 425 320 4776 | +44 1865 60 0662

info@blueweaveconsulting.com

[kavyamani]

The Dynamics Behind Steel Prices in India: A Closer Look

In India, the steel price per kg today is shaped by a complex web of factors, making it a dynamic and ever-changing figure. Steel, an essential material for both construction and manufacturing, sees its price fluctuate based on everything from the cost of raw materials to government regulations. Let’s take a closer look at the key elements driving steel prices in the Indian market today.

Raw Material Costs: The Foundation of Steel Pricing

Steel production begins with two critical raw materials—iron ore and coking coal. These materials form the backbone of the steel-making process, and their prices have a direct influence on the final cost of steel.

Iron ore is the primary raw material for steel and is highly sensitive to global market forces. Supply and demand imbalances, geopolitical issues, and trade policies can all affect its price. For instance, if major steel-producing countries like China ramp up demand or if supply chains are disrupted, the global price of iron ore can spike. This rise cascades through the steel production process, increasing costs for manufacturers and, ultimately, for consumers in India.

Coking coal, another vital raw material, is equally susceptible to global factors such as energy market fluctuations, international trade agreements, and environmental regulations. Any increase in the price of coking coal makes steel production more expensive, which is then reflected in the price per kilogram of steel.

Domestic Demand: The Pulse of the Steel Market

In India, the construction and infrastructure sectors are the largest consumers of steel, making domestic demand a crucial factor in determining its price. When the economy is booming, and construction projects are on the rise, the demand for steel increases significantly. Large-scale infrastructure projects, like the building of highways, bridges, and metro systems, all contribute to this demand surge.

As demand spikes, steel manufacturers often raise prices to cover increased production costs and take advantage of market conditions. Conversely, during economic downturns, when construction activity slows, the demand for steel may drop, leading to more stable or even lower prices.

Regional Variations: Geography’s Impact on Pricing

The price of steel can also vary significantly based on location within India. Major metropolitan areas such as Mumbai, Delhi, and Bangalore often face higher steel prices due to a combination of elevated transportation costs, local taxes, and higher operational expenses. Transporting heavy materials like steel over long distances adds to the overall cost, which gets reflected in the final price consumers pay.

On the other hand, regions located closer to steel production facilities or with more efficient transportation networks can benefit from lower costs. Here, steel prices tend to be more competitive, offering an advantage to consumers in these areas.

Conclusion: 

The price of steel per kilogram in India is shaped by a rich interplay of factors that range from global raw material prices to domestic demand and regional variations. Steel manufacturers and consumers alike must stay attuned to these shifting dynamics to effectively navigate the fluctuating market.

If you are looking for best quality tmt bars, please visit our website : www.steeloncall.com or you can contact us through our toll-free number: 18008332929

[regenexim]

Largest Agro Products Supplier, Dealer and Distributor in Maharashtra India

In the bustling agricultural hub of Maharashtra, Regen Exim has established itself as a largest agro products supplier, dealer, and distributor in Maharashtra, India, we are dedicated to providing high-quality products that meet the diverse needs of farmers and businesses. Our unwavering commitment to quality and customer satisfaction has made us a trusted Agro Products wholesaler and exporter, serving both domestic and international markets.

What Are Agro Products? Agro products encompass a wide range of agricultural goods, including grains, pulses, fruits, vegetables, spices, and more. These products are essential for daily consumption and industrial use. At Regen Exim, we offer a comprehensive selection of agro products sourced from reliable farms and producers. Our goal is to ensure that our customers receive fresh, high-quality products that meet their specific requirements.

Why Choose Regen Exim? As a leading Agro Products wholesaler and exporter, Regen Exim prides itself on offering top-notch products and services. Our extensive network and expertise in the agro industry allow us to cater to a wide range of customers, from small-scale farmers to large industrial buyers.

Quality Assurance At Regen Exim, quality is at the core of everything we do. We work closely with trusted farmers and producers to source the finest agro products. Our stringent quality control measures ensure that all products meet the highest standards of freshness, purity, and safety. As a reliable Agro Products exporter, we guarantee that our products are free from harmful chemicals and pesticides.

Wide Range of Products We offer a diverse range of agro products, including grains, pulses, spices, fruits, and vegetables. Our wide product range caters to various needs, whether you're looking for daily staples or specialty items. As a comprehensive Agro Products supplier, we provide customized solutions to meet the unique demands of our customers.

Competitive Pricing and Reliable Supply At Regen Exim, we understand the importance of affordability and reliability. Our competitive pricing and flexible payment options make us a preferred choice for businesses and individuals alike. We maintain a robust supply chain, ensuring that our customers receive their orders on time and in excellent condition. Our reputation as a dependable Agro Products dealer is built on our consistent delivery of high-quality products.

Why Maharashtra? Maharashtra is one of India's leading agricultural states, known for its rich soil and diverse climate. The state's favorable conditions support the cultivation of a wide variety of crops, making it a vital hub for agro products. As a prominent Agro Products wholesaler and exporter based in Maharashtra, Regen Exim leverages these natural advantages to offer premium-quality products to customers across the globe.

Our Commitment to Sustainability At Regen Exim, we are not just focused on providing quality products; we are also committed to sustainable practices. We prioritize eco-friendly farming methods and work with producers who share our commitment to environmental conservation. By choosing us as your Agro Products supplier, you are supporting a company that values sustainability and responsible sourcing.

Conclusion Regen Exim is proud to be the largest Agro Products supplier, dealer, and distributor in Maharashtra, India. Our dedication to quality, variety, and customer satisfaction makes us a trusted partner for all your agro product needs. Whether you're a local buyer or an international importer, we have the expertise and resources to provide you with the best products and services.

For more information or to place an order, visit our website or contact us directly. Trust Regen Exim for all your Agro Products needs and experience the excellence in quality and service.

[b2btredingplatform]

https://www.tradologie.com/lp/news/detail/india-inks-deals-with-brazil-argentina-for-pulses-import

India Inks Deals With Brazil, Argentina For Pulses Import

Following multiple rounds of discussions, India is diversifying its pulse imports to maintain stability in domestic prices. This is being done by signing long-term agreements with Brazil and Argentina, according to two officials with knowledge of the situation. In order to meet its domestic needs, the largest consumer and producer in the world is anticipated to import over 20,000 tons of black gram (urad) from Brazil at present and an unknown quantity of pigeon pea (tur) from Argentina.

[deshbandhu]

Exploring the Latest Bollywood News: Stay Updated with the Glamour and Gossip

In the vibrant world of Bollywood, the entertainment industry never sleeps, with a constant influx of news, rumors, and updates keeping fans and enthusiasts hooked. Whether it's the latest film releases, celebrity gossip, or industry trends, staying informed about the latest Bollywood news in Hindi is essential for millions of fans across India and around the globe. In this article, we'll delve into the exciting realm of Bollywood and explore the latest news, trends, and developments, all in Hindi.

The Dynamic World of Bollywood

Bollywood, often referred to as the Hindi film industry, is the largest and most prominent film industry in India, known for producing a plethora of films across various genres each year. From blockbuster hits to independent gems, Bollywood captivates audiences with its colorful storytelling, captivating performances, and larger-than-life productions. With a rich tapestry of actors, directors, producers, and other industry professionals, Bollywood is a melting pot of talent and creativity.

Exploring the Latest News and Updates

In the fast-paced world of Bollywood, staying updated with the latest news and developments is essential for fans and industry insiders alike. Whether it's the announcement of upcoming film projects, behind-the-scenes glimpses from film sets, or juicy gossip about celebrity relationships, Bollywood news in Hindi offers a comprehensive view of the entertainment industry's pulse.

From the latest film releases to casting announcements and red carpet events, Hindi-language media outlets and entertainment websites provide a wealth of information for Bollywood enthusiasts. Whether you prefer to read articles, watch videos, or listen to podcasts, there are countless ways to stay connected to the latest Bollywood news in Hindi.

Trends and Highlights in Bollywood

In addition to keeping up with the latest news and updates, Bollywood fans also enjoy following trends and highlights shaping the industry. From fashion trends sported by Bollywood celebrities to emerging themes in film storytelling, there's always something new and exciting to discover in the world of Hindi cinema.

One of the recent trends in Bollywood is the surge in content-driven films that tackle socially relevant issues and challenge traditional storytelling conventions. Audiences are increasingly drawn to films that offer thought-provoking narratives and showcase the talents of both established and emerging actors and filmmakers.

Conclusion

In conclusion, staying updated with the latest Bollywood news in Hindi is essential for fans and enthusiasts who want to immerse themselves in the glamour, drama, and excitement of the Hindi film industry. With a plethora of news outlets, websites, and social media platforms dedicated to Bollywood coverage in Hindi, fans have access to a wealth of information and insights about their favorite stars, films, and industry trends. Whether you're a die-hard fan or a casual observer, dive into the world of Bollywood news in Hindi and experience the magic of Hindi cinema like never before.

[leointernational]

Factors to Consider While Selecting a Successful Pulses Suppliers in India

India, the world's largest producer and consumer of pulses, has an abundant supply of lentils, legumes, and beans. A financially solid organic pulses supplier in India is less likely to face issues that might affect shipments and your business. Leo International, a leading pulse supplier with a proven track record, recognizes these crucial factors. We provide a complete range of high-quality pulses and certificates that ensure safety and cleanliness. This article mentions the essential factors to consider when choosing pulse suppliers in India.

[isayresearchblog]

Global Private 5G Network Market Size, In-Depth Assessment, CAGR, Demand, and Opportunity Analysis 2032 with Top Countries Data

Market Overview/Outlook (2022 to 2032)

The global Private 5G Network market is expected to grow between 2023 and 2032 due to factors like high-speed and low-latency connectivity, increased need for bandwidth, mission-critical applications, and industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing.

The Global Private 5G Network Market was valued at USD 1.68 Billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 6.59 Billion by 2032, registering a CAGR of 46.75% for the forecast period 2023-2032.

Global Private 5G Network Market Drivers

Increased need for Bandwidth: Private 5G networks are necessary to effectively support the increasing number of connected devices and bandwidth-intensive applications, including real-time data analytics, video streaming, and Internet of Things devices.

Get Report Sample @ https://isayresearch.com/sample/2299

Global Private 5G Network Market – Merger and Acquisitions

Huawei, Haier, and China Mobile Announced 5G Implementation Breakthroughs for Smart Manufacturing (2021)

With support from Huawei and China Mobile, Haier, China’s largest consumer electronics and home appliance producer, successfully applied innovative manufacturing solutions combining 5G and mobile edge computing in its smart factories. The three announced the breakthroughs in Qingdao, China on Friday.

Challenges Impacting the Global Private 5G Network Market

Spectrum Availability and Licensing: It can be difficult to obtain and license the necessary spectrum for private 5G networks. Obstacles to the deployment of private networks include the availability of suitable spectrum, regulatory policies, and the requirement to collaborate with current spectrum users.

List of Prominent Players:

AT&T Inc.

Broadcom Inc.

Cisco Systems, Inc.

Nokia Corporation

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson

T-Systems International GmbH

Verizon Communications Inc.

Vodafone Group Plc

Others

Read Full Report Summary @ https://isayresearch.com/report/2299/private-5g-network-market/

Segmentation of Global Private 5G Network Market:

By Component:

Hardware

Software

By Frequency:

Sub-6-GHz

MmWave

By Spectrum:

Licensed

Unlicensed/ Shared

By Vertical:

Manufacturing

Healthcare

Transportation And Logistics

Energy And Utilities

Water Utilities

Retail

Public Sector

Oil and Gas

Others

By Region:

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of APAC)

Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)

Middle East & Africa (GCC Countries, UAE, Rest of MEA)

Read More @ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/private-5g-network-market-projected-reach-usd-659-billion-vasa-1fkhf

About Us

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Contact Us

iSay Solutions LLC

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[kavyaorganicfarm]

9 Major Types of Farming in India

Title: Exploring the 9 Major Types of Farming in India

India, known for its vast agricultural landscape, boasts a diverse range of farming practices due to its varied climate, topography, and cultural heritage. From traditional methods passed down through generations to modernized techniques, Indian agriculture represents a rich tapestry of farming types. Here, we delve into nine major types of farming prevalent across the country:

Subsistence Farming: Commonly practiced in rural India, subsistence farming focuses on producing enough food to meet the needs of the farmer and their family. This type of farming relies heavily on traditional methods and is prevalent in regions with small landholdings. Crops grown include rice, wheat, pulses, and vegetables.

Commercial Farming: In contrast to subsistence farming, commercial farming involves cultivating crops or rearing livestock primarily for sale in the market. It often utilizes modern technologies, machinery, and irrigation systems to maximize productivity and profitability. Cash crops like cotton, sugarcane, tea, and coffee are cultivated in large-scale commercial farms across states like Maharashtra, Punjab, and Karnataka.

Organic Farming: With an increasing emphasis on sustainable and eco-friendly practices, organic farming has gained popularity in recent years. This method eschews synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, focusing instead on natural inputs and techniques such as crop rotation and composting. States like Sikkim have emerged as pioneers in organic farming, promoting biodiversity and soil health.

Horticulture: Horticulture encompasses the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. India's diverse agro-climatic zones offer ideal conditions for growing a wide range of horticultural crops. States like Himachal Pradesh are renowned for their apple orchards, while Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh excel in the production of mangoes and bananas.

Aquaculture: With its extensive coastline and network of rivers, India has a thriving aquaculture industry. Fish farming, shrimp cultivation, and freshwater prawn farming are common practices in states like Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Kerala. Aquaculture not only provides a source of protein but also generates employment opportunities in coastal communities.

Dairy Farming: India is the world's largest milk producer, and dairy farming plays a crucial role in its agricultural economy. Traditional dairy farming, often associated with small-scale operations, coexists with modern dairy enterprises equipped with milking machines and cold storage facilities. States like Gujarat, Punjab, and Haryana are major contributors to India's dairy output, with indigenous cattle breeds like Gir and Sahiwal prized for their milk yield.

Poultry Farming: Poultry farming involves the rearing of chickens, ducks, and other birds for meat and egg production. It is a significant contributor to India's protein supply and rural livelihoods. While traditional backyard poultry farming is prevalent, commercial poultry farms equipped with automated systems and biosecurity measures are becoming increasingly common, particularly in states like Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

Sericulture: Sericulture, or silk farming, is an ancient practice that thrives in certain regions of India. The cultivation of silkworms for the production of silk involves meticulous care and management of mulberry plantations. Karnataka, West Bengal, and Jammu and Kashmir are notable sericulture hubs, producing high-quality silk that caters to domestic and international markets.

Agroforestry: Agroforestry integrates trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes, offering multiple benefits such as soil conservation, biodiversity conservation, and additional income streams for farmers. It involves the deliberate cultivation of tree species alongside crops or livestock. States like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha promote agroforestry as a sustainable land-use practice, supporting rural livelihoods and environmental conservation efforts.

In conclusion, the agricultural sector in India is characterized by a remarkable diversity of farming practices, each tailored to the specific ecological and socio-economic contexts of different regions. From traditional subsistence farming to modern commercial enterprises, Indian agriculture continues to evolve, driven by innovation, technology adoption, and a deep-rooted connection to the land.

[pravinchandansblog]

Organic Farming Insights in India: Shared by Pravin Chandan

With the population on a consistent rise worldwide, agricultural systems need to accommodate the growing food demand. As a result, they have implemented several unsustainable methods to produce higher yields. These methods use chemicals excessively, leading to multiple global issues like soil degradation, soil erosion, water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. 

Organic farming in India is an incredible solution to help achieve food security goals through sustainable agriculture practices.

What is Organic Farming?

Organic farming refers to natural, eco-friendly, and sustainable practices of farming. Its produce is clean and healthy for the consumers and economically advantageous for the farming communities. The practice focuses on reducing or eliminating external inputs like artificial fertilizers, pesticides, additives, etc. Growth of Organic Farming in India

India ranks number one for the total number of organic farmers as per 2021 data and sixth for the World’s Organic Agricultural land. (Source: FIBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2023).

The world’s first state to become completely organic was Sikkim. States like Uttarakhand and Tripura follow with similar targets. 

The use of chemicals in North East India is much less than in the rest of the country. 

The total area registered for organic farming under the National Programme for Organic Production is 10.17 million hectares as of 31st March 2023. 

Madhya Pradesh has the largest area covered under organic certification. 

In 2022-2023, India produced approximately 2.9 million metric tons of certified organic products. These included different varieties of food products like sugarcane, millet, cereals, oil seeds, pulses, cotton, tea, coffee, spices, fruits, vegetables, dry fruits, aromatic and medicinal plants, fibre, processed foods, etc. 

Methods of Organic Farming in India - A Brief Overview by Pravin Chandan

Different techniques of organic farming are practised in India. Here’s a brief overview of each of them. 

Soil Management Soil management is the first organic farming technique. It focuses on using bacteria available in animal waste to increase the soil’s fertility and productivity. 

Weed Management Weed removal is the next organic farming method. One option is to move or cut the weed. The second option is mulching. Farmers use plant residue or a plastic film on the soil’s surface to restrict the weed’s growth. 

Crop Diversity One of India’s most famous organic farming methods is crop diversity. It focuses on cultivating different crops together to cater to the growing crop demand. 

Natural Management of Organisms To save the soil and crops, it is essential to control the growth of organisms. This organic farming method uses natural or fewer chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides to protect soil and crops. 

Biological Pest Control This method uses living organisms with or without chemicals to control pests. 

Final Thoughts

Many Indian farmers use the above methods of organic farming in India. The practice is affordable as there is no expense of pesticides, fertilizers, or HYV seeds for crop plantation. Farmers can earn a good return on investment using local and inexpensive inputs.

Source: https://pravinchandan.com/blog/post/Organic-Farming-Insights-in-India-Shared-by-Pravin-Chandan

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Animal Feed

In 2019, the global animal feed market value is estimated to be at US$ 454.5 Bn. In addition, the global animal feed market volume is estimated to be at 1,136 Mn metric tons in 2019. This is primarily driven by steady demand for animal protein and by products such as eggs and milk. Over recent years, the market witnessed an upper growth trajectory, primarily due to strong demand for high quality products. In addition, emphasis on safe feed products enable farms to ensure food safety, maintain or increase food quality and consistency, reduce production costs, and enhance animal health.

In 2019, feed cereals segment accounted for the largest revenue share of 47.2% of the total animal feed market and is estimated to be valued at US$ 213.5 Bn. Wheat, Maize, and soybean collectively accounts for the largest portion of feed cereals usage. In 2019, the global maize volume usage in the animal feed industry was above 610 Mn tonnes.

Global Animal Feed Market Regional Analysis: 

In 2019, Asia Pacific animal feed market currently dominates the global market with over 35% revenue share followed by the market in Europe with 28.5%. In addition, Asia Pacific holds the largest number of mills in the world accounting for over 10,000 units. China accounts for over 60% of the total in Asia Pacific.

In terms of production, China and US accounts for over 35% of the total volume of animal feed produced in 2019. China is one of the fastest growing markets for soybean production.

The market in Africa and Latin America are expected to register significant growth during the forecast period, whereas the market in countries such as India, Vietnam are expected to register moderate growth.

Global Top 10 Animal Feed Manufacturers Analysis, Insights, and Trends:   

The top 10 key players account for over 11% of the total animal feed production in 2019. These key players focus on enhancing their presence in emerging countries through setting up of new plants. Some of the recent key developments are as follows;

In February 2019, Cargill, Inc. announced plans to set up a greenfield premix plant in Rajasthan, India, in order to support livestock farmers in the state

In October 2018, Cargill, Inc. opened its feed mill in Vietnam, in order to cater to cater to growing demand for animal feed in the country

In addition to setting up of new plants, certain key players focus on acquisition of local or regional players in order to enhance their presence

In February 2019, Tyson Foods, Inc. announced plans to acquire assets of of BRF S.A. located at Thailand and Europe. The deal is estimated to be valued at US$ 340 Mn.

The top 10 global animal feed companies in 2019 are:

The Charoen Pokphand Group

New Hope Group

Cargill, Inc.

Land O’Lakes

Wen’s Food Group

BRF

Tyson Foods, Inc.

ForFarmers N.V.

East Hope Group

JA Zen-Noh

Research Scope:

By Product Type:

Feed Cereals

Cakes & Meals

Co-products from food and bioethanol industries

Pulses

Oils & Fats

Dairy Products

Dried Forage

Minerals, Additives and Vitamins

By Animal Application:

Poultry

Layers

Broilers

Turkeys

Others

Swine

Ruminants

Dairy

Beef

Calves

Others

Aquaculture

Others