#laayoune

[nomadic-alternative]

Laayoune, Morocco

[moroccan-sahara]

مدينة العيون 05/11/2024 من الباطيمات إلى شارع القيروان عبر ساحة الدشيرة ...

[qhsetools2022]

Animateur HSE | Laayoune (Maroc)

Job title: Animateur HSE | Laayoune (Maroc) Company: Job description: avec une expérience de 5 ans minimum dans un poste d’animateur HSE dans un milieu industriel de préférence Adresse de notre siège : 62… Expected salary: Location: Laâyoune Job date: Thu, 17 Oct 2024 02:21:02 GMT Apply for the job now!

[a-modernmajorgeneral]

Little is known of the prehistory of Western Sahara, although Neolithic (New Stone Age) rock engravings in Saguia el-Hamra and in isolated locations in the south suggest that it was occupied by a succession of hunting and pastoral groups, with some agriculturists in favoured locales, prior to a gradual process of desertification that began about 2500 bce. By the 4th century bce there was trade between Western Sahara and Europe across the Mediterranean; the Phoenicians sailed along the west coast of Africa in this period. The Romans also had some contact with the Saharan peoples. By medieval times this part of the Sahara was occupied by Ṣanhajāh Amazigh (Berber) peoples who were later dominated by Arabic-speaking Muslim Bedouins from about 1000 ce.

In 1346 the Portuguese discovered a bay that they mistakenly identified with a more southerly Río de Oro, probably the Sénégal River. The coastal region was little explored by Europeans until Scottish and Spanish merchants arrived in the mid-19th century, although in 1476 a short-lived trading post, Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeña, was established by Diego García de Herrera, a Spaniard. In 1884 Emilio Bonelli, of the Sociedad Española de Africanistas y Colonistas (“Spanish Society of Africanists and Colonists”), went to Río de Oro bay and signed treaties with the coastal peoples. Subsequently, the Spanish government claimed a protectorate over the coastal zone. Further Spanish penetration was hindered by French claims to Mauritania and by partisans of Sheikh Māʾ al-ʿAynayn, who between 1898 and 1902 constructed the town of Semara at an inland oasis. Cape Juby (Ṭarfāyah) was occupied for Spain by Col. Francisco Bens in 1916, Güera was occupied in 1920, and Semara and the rest of the interior were occupied in 1934.

In 1957 the territory was claimed by Morocco, which itself had just reached independence the previous year. Spanish troops succeeded in repelling Moroccan military incursions into the territory, and in 1958 Spain formally united Río de Oro and Saguia el-Hamra into a Spanish province known as Spanish Sahara. However, the situation was further complicated by newly independent Mauritania’s claims to the province in 1960, and in 1963 huge phosphate deposits were discovered at Bu Craa in the northern portion of the Spanish Sahara, which made the province a potentially economically valuable prize for any country that could firmly establish possession of it. Mining of the deposits at Bu Craa began in 1972.

Decades of social and economic change caused by drought, desertification, and the impact of the phosphate discoveries resulted in an increase in national consciousness and anticolonial sentiment. A guerrilla insurgency by the Spanish Sahara’s indigenous inhabitants, the nomadic Sahrawis, sprang up in the early 1970s, calling itself the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro (Polisario Front). The insurgency led Spain to declare in 1975 that it would withdraw from the area. Faced with consistent pressure from Morocco and Mauritania and itself undergoing a period of domestic uncertainty, Spain agreed to the partition of Western Sahara between the two countries despite a World Court ruling that Morocco’s and Mauritania’s legal claims to the Spanish Sahara were tenuous and did not negate the right to self-determination by the Sahrawis. Morocco gained the northern two-thirds of the area and, consequently, control over the phosphates; Mauritania gained the southern third. Sporadic fighting developed between the Polisario Front, which was supported by and based in Algeria, and the Moroccan forces. In 1976 the Polisario Front declared a government-in-exile of what it called the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic (a government recognized by some 70 countries), and it continued to raid Mauritanian and Moroccan outposts in Western Sahara.

Mauritania bowed out of the fighting and reached a peace agreement with the Polisario Front in 1979, but in response Morocco promptly annexed Mauritania’s portion of Western Sahara. Morocco fortified the vital triangle formed by the Bu Craa mines, Laayoune, and Semara while the Polisario Front guerrillas continued their raids. A United Nations (UN) peace proposal in 1988 specified a referendum for the indigenous Sahrawis to decide whether they wanted an independent Western Sahara under Polisario Front leadership or whether the territory would officially become part of Morocco. This peace proposal was accepted by both Morocco and the Polisario Front, and the two sides agreed to a cease-fire in 1991. As a UN administrative and peacekeeping force arrived in Western Sahara to prepare to conduct the referendum, however, Morocco moved tens of thousands of “settlers” into the territory and insisted that they have their voting qualifications assessed. This drawn-out procedure, which involved questions regarding the definition of who among the traditionally nomadic Sahrawis would be entitled to cast a ballot, continued throughout the 1990s and into the early 21st century. Meanwhile, Morocco continued to expand its physical infrastructure in Western Sahara despite widespread protests against its presence in the areas under its control.

During this time the Polisario Front continued its campaign despite a number of setbacks. Among the challenges were defections from the organization and a reduction in support by its primary backer, Algeria, as that country was forced to concentrate on its own internal problems. Algeria’s diplomatic campaign on behalf of Sahrawi self-determination, however, continued unabated. By 2001 tens of thousands of Sahrawis, including numerous Polisario Front soldiers, had relocated to semipermanent refugee camps in Algeria.

The turn of the century brought with it a change in approach toward peace and self-determination. After the death of Moroccan King Hassan II, Muḥammad VI took the throne and announced in 2001 that Morocco would no longer agree to hold a referendum in Western Sahara. The UN likewise began to explore alternative solutions to the 1988 proposal. In 2003 it proposed autonomy for the territory for five years, followed by a referendum, but Morocco rejected the proposal. In 2007 Morocco proposed autonomy but made no offer for a referendum. After the United States insisted in 2018 that the continued presence of UN peacekeeping forces be contingent on progress made toward settling the long-running dispute, Morocco and the Polisario Front met in December of that year to renew discussion over the situation. The continued negotiations bore little fruit, however, and the UN renewed its peacekeeping mission nonetheless.

In the latter half of 2020, the Polisario Front, seeking to force change in the status quo, began obstructing a key trade route between Morocco and Mauritania. Morocco launched a military operation in November to break the blockade, prompting the Polisario Front to announce that it would no longer observe the 1991 cease-fire agreement. In December the United States became the first country to formally recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara, in exchange for Morocco’s normalization of ties with Israel; Israel became the second country to make the recognition in 2023, in exchange for Morocco’s agreement to open an embassy in Tel Aviv.

A woman holds her child and a rifle during training of Polisario soldiers in Western Sahara, 1976 - by Christine Spengler (1945), French

[faquirbrahim]

[lamarocainenews]

Cyclisme : le Russe Rostovtsev remporte le Grand Prix de Laâyoune

Le cycliste russe Sergei Rostovtsev a remporté, dimanche, le « Grand Prix Laâyoune » comptant pour la 3éme étape de la 4è édition du Challenge international des villes phosphatières, organisée sous le Haut Patronage de SM le Roi Mohammed VI. Le coureur-cycliste russe qui joue pour le club turc « Beykoz Belediyesi Spor » s’est adjugé cette étape reliant Boukraa à Laâyoune, sur une distance de…

[sonicandvisualsurprises]

70's

Captivating chaabi instrumental.

Chaabi (شعبي in Arabic), also known as Chaâbi, Sha-bii, or Sha'bii meaning "folk", refers to different music genres in North Africa such as Algerian chaabi, Moroccan chaabi and Egyptian Shaabi.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaabi

[loccorocco]

not to be disrespectful, but how do you pronounce your name? (i always said the "loco moroco" guy)

I love living in Laayoun, Metro Manila.

Just say "Locco" like how you would say "Rocco"

[maslimanny]

Laayoune city, Morocco

[huwsmisadventures]

Tuesday 14th February Fort Bou Jerif to Laayoune. Today we woke to solid rain and 30mph winds which made packing up the roof tent pretty tough. With Chris help we got it packed in 40 minutes but was totally soaked. We again headed into the campsite restaurant for breakfast and COFFEE!

Today is Valentines and Sarah had packed me a card I love you ❤️ wish you were here 😂. Following breakfast the plan was to drive towards Tan Tan on the beach then pick up the coast tarmac road to Laayoune about 450km. Unfortunately last nights rain has washed out the road to the beach and there was some tricky wadi’s to get across.

As a result we couldn’t make it on to the beach and we just worked our way back into the tarmac for the run down to Laayoune. We arrived at our hotel at 6.30 in day light and it’s no longer raining yippee

[burgerking-official]

Coward. Make it go from St. John’s to Laayoune.

I have a new favourite batshit rail idea

Please build it for the funny please please please

[moroccan-sahara]

Laayoune 5/11/2024 - جولة بمدينة العيون - ساحة الدشيرة - شارع بوكراع - ش...

[megasportsmedia]

Bénin : Adjidja HBC et Flowers CNSS célébrés après le 45e championnat d’Afrique des clubs champions

Au cours d’une cérémonie empreinte de symbolisme, le Gouvernement du Bénin, à travers le Ministre des Sports, M. Benoît Dato a honoré les clubs béninois qui ont excellé lors du 45e Championnat d’Afrique des Clubs Champions à Laayoune (Maroc). Une rencontre qui s’est tenue le mardi 12 novembre 2024 au stade de l’Amitié Général Mathieu KÉRÉKOU (GMK) en présence de la délégation respective des deux…

[faquirbrahim]

[wiwsport]

Handball – 45e CACC : Laâyoune sera le théâtre de la compétition du 10 au 19 octobre 2024 ! https://wiwsport.com/2024/10/05/handball-45e-cacc-laayoune-sera-le-theatre-de-la-competition-du-10-au-19-octobre-2024/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[automaticvr]

Tranquil Oasis Park in Laayoune 3D Model - Svr Mx