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leafdebrief · 8 months ago

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RE✱BRIEF

Part 1: The Plot So Far

Leaf Debrief began as a podcast in late 2020 with the rather simple goal of providing an accurate, accessible, uncensored, and entertaining source of information about cannabis.

I launched it with my friend and co-host, Enzo, shortly after the launch of legal cannabis in Canada. We were both excited about the potential of this new industry and wanted to share our enthusiasm with others, but we also wanted to be realistic about the challenges and risks that come with it—a source of information that people felt they could trust.

We had a lot of fun making the podcast, but it was also a lot of work and came with an unforeseen challenge: balancing our love for the plant with our growing concerns about the industry.

We were both becoming increasingly disillusioned with the industry and the direction it was heading in, while simultaneously also becoming increasingly concerned about the environmental impact of cannabis production and consumption that this new industry was carelessly ushering in.

We were both feeling a bit lost and unsure of what to do next, and as the onslaught of COVID-19 began, the need to find a solution to the destructive nature of capitalism as a whole became increasingly dire and left us fraught with a sense of urgency that can be heard in our voices more with every passing episode.

By the 8th episode Enzo's conscience was audibly worn to tatters, and by the next recording, we were announcing his decision to retire from the podcast entirely.

I recorded once more with a couple of guests from the cannabis space to get a feel for his absence, and was then left to decide whether or not I wanted to continue on my own. I decided to take a break and think about it, and in the meantime I began to explore other ways of sharing my thoughts and ideas about cannabis and the industry.

I started writing more on Twitter because I had previously found it to be a great way to connect with others in the cannabis space during the podcast, and eventually started to feel as though I could use it as a platform to drive social change from within that space.

Over time this model grew and blossomed into something that I felt was working well: I was able to be authentic and honest, which had the effect of quickly drawing in a small but dedicated audience of like-minded people who were also interested in driving social change from within the cannabis space.

I was able to connect with people in ways that allowed me to use cannabis as a medium for activism and mutual aid due to the fact that I was working a "real job" and didn't need to rely on cannabis for income. My living expenses were low enough that I could afford to use my resources to create things that I could give away in exchange for donations to others who needed them more than I did, which allowed to effectively multiply the impact of my own resources.

I was able to use my privilege to help others, and it felt great.

Over time the show grew to include a variety of different formats, and the material began to coalesce into repeated themes that almost formed a narrative of their own. It felt like Leaf Debrief was beginning to take on a life of its own, and I felt that with a little more time it might've grown into something that could actually make a difference by just following the momentum of this model.

That model was unfortunately damaged badly by the recent acquistion of the platform by Elon Musk, and resulted in a fragmentation of the community that I felt was beginning to form. The larger culture wars that have been raging on the platform for years have been exacerbated by the acquisition, and the platform became increasingly toxic and hostile to people I care about, while simultaneously adopting a less punitive approach to the people who were responsible for that toxicity and hostility and even rewarding them for it.

The business side of the platform began to take precedence over the platform itself to accommodate for the company's hemorrhaging of money, due largely to the new policies that drove advertisers away for fear of being associated with the toxicity and hostility. Eventually the model of the business took on a structure that was designed to exploit every aspect of the platform for profit, and I was left with a choice: continue to use the platform and settle for complicity in the toxic culture that was forming, or leave the platform and risk fragmenting the community further.

I chose the latter, and unfortunately it resulted in a significant loss of momentum.

The close group of people I felt strongly were working towards the same goal as me got swept up in disillusionment and most of them simply resigned themselves to the notion that the world is doomed and there's nothing we can do about it. This just drove me to work harder, but it also left me feeling increasingly isolated and alone due to the alienation I felt from the people I had previously felt so connected to, who were becoming increasingly intolerant of my aggressive push for action.

It was already clear to me that I was pushing too hard and too fast, but the urgency of the larger situation in the world—wealth inequality, climate change, and the rise of fascism—left me unable to slow down as all signs pointed to the need to speed up.

To make matters worse, the cannabis space itself was not the progressive utopia I had perhaps foolishly hoped it would be.

It was rife with the same problems that plague the rest of the world, and the people who were in positions of power were not interested in changing the status quo. My scope of influence was limited to the people who were interested in listening to me, but those people were completely exhausted by the constant barrage of bad news and were at this point just trying to survive.

I was trying to push them to do more and unable to understand why they weren't, and they were trying to get me to slow down and unable to understand why I wouldn't. It was a mess, and did a lot of damage to the relationships I had built with people I cared about. The results of those conflicts are consequences I'd already anticipated, but I was not prepared for the scope of the fragmentation that would result from the loss of our previous platform and rebuilding those relationships is an ongoing process that continues to be a challenge.

At the present, I'm left with a very small but very driven and dedicated group of people who are still working towards the same goal as me, and I'm trying to figure out how to move forward with them towards something that can actually make a difference but the scale of what I want to do is going to need more organization and structure than I can provide on my own.

I need help, and this is why I'm writing: to have a model of what I'm even asking for so that hopefully the process of figuring out how to collaborate will fall into place more easily.

The few people who are still working with me are all very busy with their own lives and I don't want to burden them with the task of figuring out what I need from them, and I'm wary of asking for too much from them because I don't want to risk losing them as well.

My partner Asia has been a huge help in this regard, and has been a constant source of support and encouragement throughout this entire process. Our lives recently have been more tumultuous as well though, and we've been constantly trying to find new ways to balance her need for stability with my need for change.

We've been trying to find new ways to work together that allow us to support each other while also pursuing our own goals, and it's been a challenge. We're both very passionate about the same things, but we're also very different people with very different needs and desires.

As of December 2023, Asia is also transitioning to a new job that will allow her to work from home or anywhere else in the world, which will hopefully allow us to travel more and focus on building new things, but will be taking a significant pay cut in the process which will put more pressure on me to find new ways to support us both comfortably and still have resources left over to dedicate to this project (which is still going to be heavily focused on providing resources to others who need them more than we do).

The scale of what's ahead of me is daunting to say the least, so I made a calculated move to take a step back from social media for the rest of the 2023 and regroup. I used that time to reflect on what I've learned so far and figure out how to move forward in a way that is more sustainable and less reliant on my own energy, while still continuing to produce high-quality content that both meets my goals and remains a source of fun and happiness.

I don't tend to discuss my own personal struggles publicly often, not because I am guarded about them but because everyone has their own and we're all struggling with how to navigate each other's. This does cause the occasional misunderstanding because I do tend to be very open about my thoughts and feelings, so it's easy to assume that I'm not struggling with anything at all.

I don't plan on changing that, but I do want to be more mindful of how I'm conducting this project so it more closely aligns with the goal of finding solutions to our shared struggles together while also being a source of fun and happiness.

This isn't a comeback or a rebirth, just a comedown and a rebrief. Maybe a rebrand too, but we're still working out the new brand materials. We hope you'll join us in the trash heap as we look for some shiny pieces to put together, we're gonna need lots of helping hands!

♡

Love, JXPR x AZA

#leaf debrief #blogging #recap #Spotify

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bellenthigale · 11 months ago

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BORN PINK

It goes without saying that going to your favorite artists’ world tour concert is among the most exhilarating activities a music fan can engage in. The atmosphere is electric as soon as you walk inside the space. As fans wait for their favorite artist to hit the stage‚ you can feel the excitement in the air and the expectation of the audience. The crowd is buzzing‚ the lighting and graphics are breathtaking‚ and the music is deafening. The audience erupts in enthusiastic cheers as soon as the performer finally steps onto the stage. Everyone is having a good time while dancing and singing along. The relationship between the artist and the audience is unique and unmatched. It’s a sense of solidarity and camaraderie that can only be felt when you’re with a massive group of people who are all engaged in the same activity. It is difficult to adequately express the pure thrill of attending a concert on a world tour. From delight to astonishment and all in between‚ it’s a jumble of intense feelings. You are surrounded by individuals who share your enthusiasm for music‚ and you can feel the music’s energizing power coursing through your body. Long after the show has concluded‚ the event lingers in your memory. The best aspect of a world tour concert is how it unites individuals from various backgrounds and regions of the globe. Everyone in the audience shares a common love of music‚ and this affinity for music forges a special link that is unbreakable. Everyone should at least once in their lives experience the delight of attending a concert on a world tour. It’s a life-changing experience that you won’t forget for a long time.

안녕하세요‚ BLINKs! You have witnessed our growth over the past few months. Since our comeback in September 2022‚ we have been promoting our most recent album‚ “Born Pink” with each members’ schedules and projects. On September 16, 2022‚ YG Entertainment and Interscope Records distributed “Born Pink” all over the world. Finally‚ the Born Pink era has come to an end. Our eagerly awaited comeback from BLINKs‚ “Born Pink”‚ is a condensed collection that plays up the air of authority we have developed in the six years since our debut. After “The Album” in 2020‚ it was our first full-length release. Numerous producers worked on the album’s creation‚ including Teddy Sinclair‚ Willy Sinclair‚ Bekuh Boom‚ R. Tee‚ Kush‚ and Teddy Park. Born Pink was designed by us to be “the essence” of the group‚ and it incorporates many genres while drawing inspiration from hip-hop sound. Eight tracks make up the album‚ and they mix hard-hitting hip-hop—a trademark of the sound of the company YG Entertainment—with a scattering of pop‚ disco‚ and balladry. Our hard and tender sides mix through sound and image‚ but it’s not apparent which aspect of our name Born Pink wishes to emphasize. The album’s lead single‚ “Pink Venom”‚ makes an impression with its braggadocio and influences‚ weaving in lyrical nods to Rihanna and the Notorious B.I.G. (“One by one‚ then two by two”). A G-funk synth zips behind Jennie언니 and me in the song’s rap break as we live a luxurious but rebellious lifestyle of “designer crimes”. Born Pink has eight songs and lasts twenty-four minutes. Our “extremely confident” and “untouchable exteriors” are depicted in the album's first half through words‚ while the second half‚ which is made up of “emotionally charged” songs‚ shows our anxieties.

Our Born Pink World Tour Concert was a sensation around the world with its continuous sold out shows‚ and it is now finally over. We performed on stages all around the world during the tour‚ which started on October 15 and 16, 2022‚ and ended on September 16 and 17, 2023. A two-day performance at the KSPO Dome served as the tour’s kickoff in Seoul‚ South Korea. The performance‚ which was the biggest one yet for our group‚ included a set list of our best successes as well as a few brand-new songs. We were greeted by a spectacular light display and fireworks. Additionally‚ the audience also enjoyed the fact that many artists and special guests watched some of our concerts in our Born Pink World Tour. The tour then proceeded to North America‚ where we gave stadium performances in both the United States and Canada. Hits from our most recent album‚ as well as songs from our first two‚ were played during the concert. After that‚ we traveled to Europe‚ where we gave performances in countries including England‚ Spain‚ Germany‚ France‚Denmark‚ and the Netherlands. We performed in the O2 Arena in front of a completely sold-out crowd‚ making the London performance one of a kind. After that‚ we continued our tour in Asia‚ performing in countries including Thailand‚ China‚ Saudi Arabia‚ United Arab Emirates‚ Malaysia‚ Indonesia‚ Taiwan‚ Philippines and Japan. Then we returned to Asia and gave four concerts in Singapore‚ China‚ Thailand‚ and Japan. We also performed in North America. We also performed throughout Oceania before returning to Europe‚ Asia‚ and North America. In September 2023‚ Seoul served as the final stopover of the voyage. Not to mention that the most of the concert days were consecutive‚ it was a really busy schedule for us. In addition to our world tour concert‚ we also had additional obligations and projects that needed our attention. We didn’t get a lot of rest. But despite our busy schedules‚ the other members and I were still able to provide BLINKs with an amazing and memorable experience and performance. For that‚ we are all feeling proud and amazed by the other members and ourselves. In our final day on our final part of our tour‚ we bid our BLINKs a fond farewell and thanked them for their full support since day one until the last performance‚ which made us emotional. A tremendous success was once again achieved by our Born Pink World Tour Concert. The tour was an excellent opportunity for us to become more closer to BLINKs‚ and we had an unforgettable experience performing shows all over the world. Even if the tour is over‚ our music will continue to live on and inspire people for years to come.

As the curtain comes down on our world tour‚ we would like to extend a message of appreciation to all of our fans who came to the concerts from the beginning to the end of the tour. We expressed to BLINKs our sincere gratitude for their steadfast support and commitment to attending the concerts‚ which served as a source of motivation and inspiration for us‚ during the world tour. All of the Blinks’ love and support‚ which they showed to us from the start of the tour to the end‚ is greatly appreciated. BLINKs‚ 사랑해요! We appreciate your support as we successfully completed the world tour. It was such a lovely and priceless moment that I talked and sobbed with BLINKs. During the tour‚ we had a lot of great enjoyable times. You guys are incredibly special to me. We are extremely thankful of the opportunity we had to interact with BLINKs from all over the world and play them some of our songs. The next step excites us and we are incredibly humbled. We may not be on tour anymore‚ but we promise to continue writing songs and doing performances for BLINKs all around the world. We’ll carry BLINKs’ love and support with us as we set out on our next adventure.

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gaogrotesque · 2 years ago

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賭上「真心」的製作人R.Tee

source. WKorea

對KPOP粉絲們來說，不認識製作人R.Tee就可惜了。 BLACKPINK的〈玩火（불장난）〉、BIGBANG的〈FXXK IT（에라 모르겠다）〉、太陽的〈Wake Me Up〉等等，過去數年來，他所製作的歌曲已經在世界上冉冉升起。既然已經證明了自身的存在，那麼透過出演2022年Mnet的SHOW ME THE MONEY 11，又再一次地要證明什麼呢？ R.Tee講述了與SMTM11一起度過的這特別的一年、以及一切都通過「真心」而得的R.Tee獨有的方程式。

2022年是SMTM11的一年呢，從去年8月開始的拍攝一直到12月30日的直播為止

「沒錯，真的像是吊著一口氣、想要賭上一切的程度。」

放送結束後的12月31日，你好像過得比誰都更享受呢

「因為重新回到睽違了數個月的日常，可以說是感受到了這些的珍貴性的程度。我領悟了原來睡覺的滋味是這麼美好。31日和從以前開始認識了很久的朋友們聚會光是喝酒了。喝了又睡、睡了又喝。」

根據坊間傳言，你有個別名是「燒啤天才」

「真的是不知道到底是誰在散布這種傳言。（笑）其實在做燒啤的時候，比起比例來說，震動才是更重要的。酒和酒在混合時存在著一種最好的震動。酒杯“tok”的撞擊到時的震動感。啊、不過這都是我個人的手感，要怎麼說明這箇中技巧呢…（笑）」

SMTM11結束之後，你在SNS上說「過去四個月來，每天只睡2小時，總共製作了12首歌」這行程看來真是發揮了超人般的energy呢

「因為我身邊有不少出演過SMTM的熟人，所以對於這（工作量極大的）惡名是早有耳聞的。我所屬的公司THEBLACKLABEL中，像是Zion.T和KUSH都是參加過前幾季的。為了應對這個困難，在開始拍攝前就已經先寫了40～50首歌，但是結論是，全部都沒有派上用場。（笑）打從放送一開始，只要聽到了參與的Rapper們的故事，就知道除了為此量身打造全新的曲子以外別無他法。可以說是一週間的戰爭了。因為每週都要為了出新的音源而馬上完成一首新歌。」

雖然優勝的Rapper出自其他隊伍，但這一季實際上的勝利者應該非你本人與JUSTHIS組成的「魚子醬（알젓；R.JUS）」隊莫屬從DON MALIK到許成炫為止，有兩名隊員晉升到了現場直播的總決賽舞台

「出演節目時，我最重要的目標就是『要讓我們的隊員被大韓民國所有人都知曉』。已經做好了手段和方法都不拘的��理準備。從結果論，讓最多的隊員站上了決賽的舞台，老實說感到很欣慰。尤其是第一次評審許成炫時，我曾說過『今天（我評審）的人當中你是做得最好的』這樣的話。當然也會有其他更厲害的人，但是在我看來這位親辜（許成炫）已經是STAR了。在競演當中大放光彩，成為真正的STAR、並且從另一方面來說，也證明了我的眼光是正確的，對此感到很感謝呢。」

直播當時你看著自家隊員們的樣子，就像將孩子們送進了首爾大學的媽媽一樣呢…（笑）

「哈哈。老實說在網路上也出現了像這樣的迷因呢。像是我看著許成炫露出滿足的微笑，說著『我們兒子大學考試考得如何啊』之類的話。（笑）光是想到我們隊員們，連晚上睡覺前都會笑出來呢。」

透過BLACKPINK的〈玩火（불장난）〉、BIGBANG的〈FXXK IT（에라 모르겠다）〉等多首HIT曲，不管怎麼說都已經是證明了自身實力的製作人了；在這次SMTM11中有什麼想要展現出來的樣貌嗎？

「首先是剛才就提到過的，這次出演的目標並不是優勝。在SMTM11當中，我除了這個之外就別無所願了：想讓這些我覺得很厲害的朋友們，他們的名字都能夠為大韓民國的每一個人所認知。事實上這是近似於奇蹟的事呢，但是多虧了大眾的喜愛，似乎達到了某種程度上的實現。另一方面來說，也帶著想要展現我的光譜（涉獵範圍）有多廣的想法。為了想要最大化地展現多樣化的模樣，12首競演曲每一首都做出了全新的嘗試。我做不太來一成不變、重複性高的東西，比起��續地展現自身擅長的、帥氣的風格，我更喜歡拋出具有各種可能性的骰子。」

與展現出了與眾不同的chemi的JUSTHIS是怎麼組成隊伍的呢？

「我是他的粉絲呢。從很久以前開始就喜歡了。內心裡懷著憤怒的人們，互相會理解彼此心中仍然存在的餘燼。藉由這次機會才初次認識，但是從開始到結束都非常的順利。是到了會產生『居然還有這樣的？』這種想法、兩人默契得要死的那種程度。在我看來，JUSTHIS是已經在自身領域中徹底走過、也看過了終點的一位親辜。我同樣也是承受著要死一般的苦痛，經歷過我所做的音樂的極限。所��我們在談話時頗有心有靈犀之感。這次放送中最大的收穫，就是結交了JUSTHIS這位朋友。」

有種使出了殺手鐧的感覺呢，一般來說應該會與平常認識的製作人組成一隊吧

「人際關係和去咖啡店一次、兩次地蓋章集點是不一樣的。當然，儘管多多見面交流也很重要，但是只要彼此的心意相通的話就可以了。所以說呢，和JUSTHIS初次見面那天就聊了8、9個小時。彼此關注的事物也是相同的、兩人的頻率也相近。或許在那同時就互相都有感覺到了。」

競演當時對隊員之一的Unofficialboyy曾說過「技術是無法撼動人心的」，令人印象深刻；這句話是什麼意思呢？

「要忽視音樂性。（在做音樂時不能只顧著想要怎樣運用音樂上的技巧）原始的力量是能夠使人們落淚的，我認為修飾雕琢並不是這個問題的解法。當然，如果每天花上10～12小時泡在工作室裡埋頭作曲，也是有可能“tok”地迸出些原始的什麼。自從開始獨自做音樂，過了幾年之後我遇上了撞牆期。好像從某個瞬間開始就無法使自己感到滿意。別人都拍手叫好，但我內心卻想著：『為什麼我卻覺得不合心意呢？』那時我也還沒有所屬的公司，於是就直接找上了海外的音樂廠牌，將音源傳過去進行交流，也都是得到一片說音樂很好的反饋。儘管如此，我還是不願意發行這些曲子。想了想造成如此的理由，是因為我在用技術去貼近音樂。想通這點的當下感覺就好像當頭棒喝一樣。在那之後做出來的歌曲就是2016年BLACKPINK的〈玩火（불장난）〉。」

〈玩火（불장난）〉是你第一次在大眾面前昭示本身存在的歌曲

「這是一首在2016那年的某一天，我睡一覺起來，只花了20分鐘就做完的曲子。但是準確地來說，以那時為起點，往後在做音樂時開始有了極大的解放感。在聲音的表現上變得更有創意且簡潔俐落。如果說以前是帶著『不能在這裡再多裝進點音效嗎？』這種想法，在曲子裡塞了又塞，從〈玩火〉之後則是了解到技術上的耍帥毫無意義，於是開始精簡音效。2016年可以說是展開了我的音樂生涯中全新的章節。」

你也是在那一年，通過〈玩火（불장난）〉，遇見了現在所屬公司THEBLACKLABLE的製作人TEDDY的

「沒錯。過去我在做音樂時，對於音樂的宣傳計劃也有著同等的關心。獨自完成的有趣企劃非常地多。我曾經直接買下一台5噸的卡車，裝飾得像舞台一樣，然後在那上面開了個音樂祭。因此跟其他人比起來，我的名字也快速地為人所知，就是在那個時候，現在公司的KUSH哥也對我的音樂投以喜愛。通過KUSH哥將我介紹給了TEDDY哥，而在當時全大韓民國我最尊敬的製作人正是TEDDY哥。」

從2016年開始與TEDDY合作了7年，他是個什麼樣的同僚呢？

「與他人不同地思想很有深度。老實說，當做音樂的人們聚在一起的話，常常就變成只聊音樂。最近流行的音樂類型是什麼呢、誰很夯呢…但是我和TEDDY哥好像都是聊些人生在世的話題。最近感受到了什麼呢、對此我們互相又有什麼想法。似乎就像這樣填滿了過去的這7年時間。」

開始做音樂的契機是什麼呢？

「高中、大學時我都是主修韓國畫的。高二時開始下定決心要成為音樂人。真的是因為很單純的理由。沒有比我更熱愛音樂的人了，所以因為這樣我認為自己可以脫穎而出。現在也還是會對後輩製作人們說：『我比你更熱愛音樂。在這點上是不會輸的。』然後對美術大學就只是想沾個醬油路過就好。我的父親和姐姐都是畫家。我從小就是受著藝術的薰陶長大。特別是我的父親，什麼種類的藝術都相當精通，真的是天才般的人物呢。美術歸美術，音樂歸音樂。托父親的福，我在6歲的時候用徐太志與孩子們的音樂跳舞、初中1年級時開始聽Micheal Jackson。我想我是在這樣那樣的諸多祝福中長大的。」

聽說你在大學時節也曾兼職做過入學考試的美術講師，也請談談這部分

「對的，我感到很自豪。我所教導的7名學生全都成功考取了在首爾的大學。其中一名還是被梨大以榜首錄取的呢。（笑）」

主修美術對於你在做音樂時，有起到什麼樣的幫助嗎？

「比起說是幫助，似乎是彼此之間存在著共通點。我還在畫畫的那時曾聽過像這樣的說法：『在一幅好的畫作之中，要有一條道路能夠讓畫中的小人通過它走出來。』意思就是，比起隱含非常多意義的畫作，保有留白之處、使觀眾得以將自身想法投射上去的才是好的畫作。音樂好像也是如此。越是空著，人們才��能夠以自己的想像來填滿曲子。」

對音樂人來說，本身製作的歌曲就是介紹自己的名片；那麼對你來說，像是名片一樣的歌曲是哪一首呢？

「到現在為止製作過的所有曲子中，浮現在我腦海中的就兩首歌。首先是2020年作曲的BLACKPINK的〈How You Like That〉。這首歌代表了我。曲子的氛圍、演出、力量、進行（的方式），這些就是金重九。（笑）另一首則是出乎預料地、在SMTM11中誕生的。DON MALIK的〈눈（EYE）〉。包括作曲、作詞都參與了，歌名也是親自定的。這首歌中눈（EYE 眼睛/ SNOW 雪）的靈感來自於我相當喜歡的電影之一，《I型起源（I ORIGINS）》。〈눈（EYE）〉這首歌乘載了我一直以來想說的話、想要呈現的音效等全部的一切。」

有沒有寫過什麼歌是讓你覺得「在這種事上也可以得到靈感啊？」的呢？

「有很多耶？甚至還有在去H&M買衣服的路上，因為心情太好了而靈光乍現的曲子呢。（笑）我的靈感大多是像這樣的。從非常不像話的、微小的瑣事中開始。絕對不會代入什麼公式來作曲。假如說真的存在有什麼公式的話，音樂的潮流就會趨向缺乏變化。另外，一開始就有這種公式的話，那麼就所有人都能成功了。假如通過什麼樣的歌曲得到了喜愛，就想著『下次還得是這樣的』那可就失算了。」

大多數製作人會想著特定的音樂人來寫歌，那你的情況又是如何呢？

「具體決定了曲子要給誰的話，就會想著那個人來寫歌；大部分則是從開始到結束都是我自己作業。為了讓自己感到滿意會瘋狂地作曲。音源排行榜1位這種的一點也不會讓我高興。恰到好處地做出合我本身心意的創作的那瞬間，好像才會快樂得像要死了一樣。」

你認為對製作人來說最重要的資質是什麼呢？

「真心。我認為藝術是為了給予感動而存在的。還有，想要撼動人們的心的話，除了真心以外似乎沒有別的答案。所以說，我覺得作為製作人，應該要下功夫學習的部分並非樂理，而是人才對。」

你曾經在2014年發表了〈We Got the World〉以��2019年的〈What You Waiting For（뭘 기다리고 있어）〉這兩首solo曲想必也有不少粉絲期待著你個人的專輯吧

「現在也正在作曲中呢。事實上已經做好了幾首歌，但是總覺得還可以繼續再多做點什麼，在這樣的心情之下就先（把做好的）擱置著。這些歌曲將會以新奇又陌生的聲音，給初次聽到的人們帶來愉快的感受。我想，今年是不是會以大概2～3首歌來與大家見面呢。」

今年除了發行solo曲之外，還有什麼計畫嗎？

「更多地看著我所愛的人們。對於去年通過SMTM11而相遇的隊員們，我很高興得以完全地向他們傳達我的喜愛之情。在慶功宴當時，DON MALIK和許成炫對我說了這些話：『（一開始）完全不知道（哥）是怎樣的人。一直以來每個人都是為自己打算，沒有像哥這樣以真心相待來拉近距離的。』所以說儘管一開始不熟悉，但之後就感受到了『啊，這哥是超級真心的啊。』（笑）結果好像還是愛和真心才是上上策呢。」

雖然對於製作人R.Tee已經增加了不少了解，但是一般人金重九卻還是籠罩著一層神秘的面紗呢請告訴我們一般人金重九的3個秘密

「首先，我超級懶散的。由於人們總是只看見了我忙碌的樣子，可能會因此而以為我是個很有計畫性的人，但其實只要一關掉那個開關，我就會變得無限懶散。第二，我是個心懷人間之愛（인류애：大愛、人道主義、和平主義、心中充滿愛）的人。（笑）雖然有點難為情，但是因為這份愛意真的非常巨大的緣故，於是我試著從身邊少數的人開始給予這份心意。第三，我是每天每天都想像著死亡而活著的人。手臂上也刺了“THE END”的刺青。因為總是想像著死亡的緣故，對於現在所愛的會變得更加真心。在我自身必須採取的行動與表現方面，也變得更加地明確。」

CREDIT

패션 에디터　　김민지 피쳐 에디터　　전여울 포토그래퍼　　박배 헤어　　　　　박내주(빗앤붓) 메이크업　　　정유정 (빗앤붓) 어시스턴트　　이유림 출처　　　　　W website

R.Tee official Instagram 1 · 2

#r.tee #theblacklabel #music producer #show me the money #smtm11 #r.jus #translation

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lovehigher · 2 years ago

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Artist Feature: Kush Jones Carhartt WIP November 30, 2020

#kush jones #carharttwip #djs

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mysticalphilosopherlight · 2 years ago

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The Ultimate Glossary of Terms About runtz sativa or indica

Some Known Factual Statements About Cherry Runtz Review - Runtz Cherry Cannabis Strain

Table of ContentsGetting The Coochie Runtz To WorkAll about Debunking The Weed Halloween Candy MythNot known Details About Healthcare For All: From From Buzzwords To Realism Runtz Family Seeds - TruthsNot known Facts About 5 Cannabis Strains For Enhancing SexAll about Cherry Runtz Review - Runtz Cherry Cannabis Strain

The Runtz seeds were actually made in very early 2018, creating them an unique form of marijuana. This hybrid tension is from Los Angeles, as well as it wasn't quick and easy to find outdoors Southern California till 2020. If you have actually been around the cannabis scene for an although, you've perhaps heard about Runtz. Also, if you are actually brand new to marijuana, Runtz is actually a stress you'll listen to much as time goes on (runyz strain).

White Runtz seeds are actually rather simple to make, creating them testing for novice producers. To minimize mold infection, gardeners should keep the seeds clipped during the course of the cycle. Furthermore, White Runtz Feminized seeds are actually usually adjustable as well as may be actually increased inside your home as well as outdoors. The Cherry Runtz tension is extensively believed to have actually come from Los Angeles.

Steady Runtz seeds are actually simpler to anticipate regarding potential components, also when they are merely seeds. Genetic reliability permits favorable cannabis components in pressures to become steady over ages. The preferred characteristics may become dominant, boosting the chance of their continual existence. Cultivators may bring up out excess attributes in strain genotypes eventually.

This is actually because, typically, reducing the principal stem on top just before blossoming begins must increase the amount of nodules where divisions and also buddies cultivate, thus portioning the main stalk in two - kush runtz. Trellising marijuana plants is the absolute most successful technique for making big harvestings of premium blooms - runtz strain images. Trellising enables you to educate the vegetations in the proper path while avoiding all of them coming from becoming another and also forcing them to increase outward.

6 Easy Facts About Coochie Runtz Explained

Superior Cultivars will post these stress seeds to any type of condition that allows marijuana seed purchases. Purchases of Runts seeds worth greater than $100 apply for complimentary shipping. runts strains. Moreover, all prospective customers are actually recommended to check out the site, seek Runts seeds, create on-line acquisitions, and pay with a visa or mastercard.

These are actually the greatest marijuana strains for sexual activity. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Possess you ever before blazed a dish prior to making affection? If certainly not, you are actually overlooking out! Humankind has invoked for 1000s of years, and the herb proceeds to maintain sexual activity fantastic as well as enthusiastic to present.

Practise small amounts. Simply like liquor, marijuana can easily decrease your inhibitions and also lead to users to participate in risky behavior, albeit not as dangerous just like other elements. Be sure to become secure as well as readied by utilizing some type of security versus maternity and also STDs. As well as, as regularly, prioritise consent - real runtz weed. Attempt out the tension pre-sex to guarantee you decided on the right one. runzts.

That mentioned, stress that energise without being actually too smart hit the sweet spot for many females. Excitement as well as ecstasy can get the sexual drive going while relaxing the nerves - don merfos strain leafly. Some women likewise enjoy strains that boost their sensitivity to handle. These body-centric tensions tend to become a little bit extra on the sensuous and smooth side, as well as can easily assist you definitely obtain right into the enchanting mood (green runtz weed strain).

Genital Appearance Dissatisfaction: Implications For Women's Things To Know Before You Buy

To help them get involved in their rhythm, nevertheless, extra stimulating strains will definitely offer enough energy for when the state of mind corrects. space runtz. Worry as well as tension can swiftly eliminate sex for guy. Functionality stress can create it hard for males to obtain as well as maintain an erection. This mood may also make all of them complete technique prior to they have actually satisfied their partner.

If you and also your companion fancy a proper exercise, sativa stress will cheer the occasion. The five pressures listed below work surprises just before delving into bedroom. Every one supplies one thing a little various depending upon your state of mind, desires, as well as needs to have (purple runtz strain leafly). Wedding celebration Ice cream stones the body system right into a rich state of relaxation while illuminating the thoughts.

Cherry runtz is a wonderful and berry-tasting and tropical flavored cannabis pressure - runtzs. Look at the scent of cherry cake. Cherry runtz was actually named after cherry pie whose odor and also taste are actually typical of. Its taste is actually fruity and possesses a noticeable touch of tropical seasoning. To some, its own berry flavor is type of bitter as well as spicy with bunches of blueberry flavor, lasting some couple of hours after the puffing.

In whatever variation, cherry runtz are going to create scent as well as preferences that will always rest in between its moms and dad combinations of cherry and runtz. Blowing the cherry cake is in many methods evocative the feeling one enters sipping some energy drinks (blue runts weed). The emotion is actually always a bit tough and rather hefty at the very first time of taking it (the coochie healer).

The 30-Second Trick For Debunking The Weed Halloween Candy Myth

The cherry runtz pressure is a greatest collection for day time high. Think about the considerable amounts of job and also dedication you may need to be engaged along with throughout the day. They reside in most cases energy sapping as well as demanding of genuine emphasis. This is actually why cherry runtz is actually highly suggested for your daytime usage.

This describes why the pressure is actually rather well-known in the United States where researches reveal a majority of adults experiencing one type of depressive mood or even the various other additional regularly than in many other nations - skruntz strain. Because of its own all-natural inclination to acquire its consumers concentrated and invigorated, cherry runtz possesses a technique of allocating the feelings of despair, loss of passion as well as lots of various other negative sensations which pick depression.

Cherry runtz receives you focused, active and working on high electricity through the time's work. This instantly triggers the impulse for food intake, bring in the individuals of cherry runtz several of the best ravenous individuals you might like to consider. Cherry runtz may be incredibly effective in keeping one focused as well as energized, nevertheless, when over used or applied for of prescription specifically due to the underaged, its high can bring about extreme laughter as well as some uncommon behavior defects.

This normally happens when it is overdosed to make sure that its electricity high ends up being uncontrollable. Cherry runtz may lead to dry mouth and also completely dry eyes coming from its higher power inducement. This is, having said that, primarily just in case of substance addiction or even abuse. Developing cherry runtz hybrid can easily be actually done each indoor and exterior (great runtz strain).

Excitement About Runtz Gummies 500mg Review

It is actually well-balanced for addressing insomnia, clinical depression, constant pains and anorexia nervosa. You would certainly very most absolutely yearn for to give this a shot as an unique kind of cannabis strain along with an uncommon combination of cherry pie as well as runtz. When over used, however, it could be detrimental because it may cause dull mouth, extreme laughter, dull eyes and anxiety attack.

New Bros has right now formally partnered along with Packwoods, Runtz, and also D8 to bring you Runtz Pens, D8 Pens and our company have replenished our principal assortment - runts marijuana.

Federal federal government sites typically finish in. gov or. mil (runtzilla strain). Before sharing vulnerable relevant information, create certain you get on a federal authorities web site.

Halloween is a time of embellishment, for bending in to the grim and also dreadful. black runtz strain leafly. As temperatures droplet as well as days lessen, perhaps our company come to be a little a lot more responsive to terrifying headings and presuming the worst. And also regardless of years of activism, with over 25 years of legal accessibility, cannabis still gets repainted as the boogeyman.

The Main Principles Of Runtz Gummies 500mg Review

Methods certainly. But every year, children acquire residence with nary an eatable or hypodermic needle in view, and headlines disappear once editors discover there was actually nothing to worry regarding from the beginning - runtz weed strains. Thus why performs the anxiety persist? The answer is a little bit of ticklish, depending on to pros Leafly contacted.

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campingbagandstuff · 6 days ago

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.22/9.33 {Part 2 of 12}; 7

S 11.7

https://www.reddit.ca

[Red Queen Insidious] yt5s.io-Marshmello x Lil Peep - Spotlight; Lil Peep 16 Lines- Clean Version

Dita V Redrum

Lana Del Rey **** (Doin' time Venice bitch Chemtrails over the country club Kill kill Blue jeans

LDR *** Video game High by the beach Burning desire West coast Carmen National anthem

LDR ** mermaid motel, this is what makes us us girls,

LDR *Dark paradise I want you boy put me in a movie) Black beauty (perfect blue)

Mr Hudson White lies Forever young Supernova

Evanescence Lithium Bring me to life Do what you want Sweet sacrifice Good enough

P!NK God is a DJ, get the party started

Yoko kanno Rise origa Inner universe

Santigold who be loving me

Shiv-R Devil's night Alpha omega

The third realm Kiss of the scorpion Forever Diabolic crush Behold the dreamers

Grimes** California Oblivion Genesis World princess Violence 4AEM We appreciate power dream fortress

Grimes * Butterfly Kill vs maim Violence Scream Belly of the beat IDORU Delete forever

Girls aloud Sound of the underground Love machine I think we’re alone now

Hana So & so Creatura Chimera Men without hats safety dance

Pussycat dolls Beep Buttons When I grow up Wait a minute

Spice girls Viva forever Be my lover

Sugababes Stronger Too lost in you Round round

Tokio hotel Monsoon (2020 version)

Hilary Duff With love Stranger Coming clean

Exid DDD

Elliphant Spoon me One more Only getting younger

[Lele Pons wow PH, Shakira]

Coi Leray Players

Iggy Azalea Black widow Work Team Bounce

kush lovers 20k

DVRST Close eyes

Bring me the horizon Can you feel my heart

Alexandra Stan Mr saxobeat Ecoute moi<

Dua lipa New rules We're good Levitating

Janelle Monae Tightrope Q.U.E.E.N. Yoga

Jidenna Little bit more

Lenny Kravitz Fly away

M-Flo Come again

Toopoor Crazy girls

Dorian Electra f the world edgelord

Destiny's child lose my breath soldier survivor say my name nasty girl

Avril Lavigne (innocencce, sk8er boi, I'm with you, head above water, When You're Gone, Don't Tell Me, what the hell, nobody's home, let me go, losing grip, smile, hot, hello kitty)

Perfume (sweet refrain, cling cling, pick me up, sweet refrain, nee, 1mm, FLLASH, TOKYO GIRL, spending all my time, future pop, time warp

Doja Cat (beautiful, nunchucks)

Rico Nasty(Tia Tamera, OHFR, smack a bitch)

Kerli (blossoom, diamond hard)

Rosalia(Bizconchito la fama, saoko, you x ti, tu x mi, chicken teriyaki, con altura, despecha, )A Palé)

CL(lifted) Shania Twain (man! I feel like a woman, any man of mine, I'm gonna getcha good!, that don't impress me much)

{Maroon 5 ft} Sza {what lovers do} country, advil, time travel undone, sobriety)

Little Mix (touch, woman llike me, hair, little me, coonfetti

Lalisa

Pixie Lott (gravity, mama do, what do you take me for?, kiss the stars,

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xhemilbeharaj · 2 months ago

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Të kesh nënën smirxhie për suksesin tënd si vajzë!

Të humbësh në një ditë nënën dhe motren, kjo i ka ndodhur të famshes, Mariah Carey. Por Carey nuk kishte marrëdhënie normale me të emën. Ajo ishte smirxhie për suksesin e së bijës. Për këtë ka shkruar në kujtimet e saj “The Meaning”, libër që në vitin 2020 ishte ndër me të shiturit. Po kush ishte nëna e saj? Nëna e saj Patricia ishte këngëtare opere nga New Yorku. Mariah ka trashëguar aftësitë…

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theparanoid · 3 months ago

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DJ Swisha & Kush Jones - Outta Bounds EP

(2020 EP)

Youtube Playlist | Bandcamp | Spotify

[Juke, Footwork, UK Bass]

#juke #footwork #uk bass #youtube #bandcamp #spotify

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topbudstore · 3 months ago

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Discover the Pink Kush Cannabis Strain: An Indica-Dominant Gem

Type: Indica Dominant Hybrid (90% Indica / 10% Sativa)

THC: 20%, CBD: 1%, CBN: 1%

Introduction:

Welcome back to our cannabis strain spotlight! Today, we're excited to introduce you to Pink Kush, a heavy indica dominant hybrid that has earned its place among the legendary strains. With its potent effects and sweet, floral flavors, Pink Kush is perfect for those looking to relax and find relief from a variety of ailments. Let’s dive into what makes this strain so special.

Strain Information:

Pink Kush is an indica dominant hybrid strain, with a genetic makeup of 90% indica and 10% sativa. Its exact heritage is uncertain, but it’s widely believed to be a relative or offspring of the famous OG Kush, one of the most iconic strains in cannabis history. Pink Kush carries on the OG Kush legacy by delivering a powerful body high that is highly effective for medicinal use.

This strain is known for its calming and intensely euphoric effects, often leading to a profound sense of happiness and a strong case of the munchies. Its potent physical effects make it an excellent choice for treating anxiety, depression, inflammation, migraines, mood disorders, chronic pain, and insomnia. The strain is characterized by its pink hairs that punctuate its green nugs, adding to its visual appeal.

Pink Kush is most popular in the legal markets of the Pacific Northwest and Canada, where its delightful flavor and aroma have made it a favorite among users.

Effects: Body High, Euphoria, Happy, Hungry, Relaxing, Sleepy Flavors: Berry, Candy, Sweet, Vanilla Aromas: Earthy, Floral, Sweet, Vanilla May Relieve: Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Chronic Pain, Depression, Inflammation, Insomnia, Loss of Appetite, Migraines, PTSD, Stress

General User Feedback:

Pink Kush has received overwhelmingly positive reviews from users, who appreciate its potent effects and pleasant flavors. Here are some highlights from user reviews:

"Works great with my multiple personality disorder, PMS, and anxiety. Pink Kush, I love these inbred OG Kush strains." — Speedos94 (Nov. 21, 2023)

"Excellent night-time strain. Good for a nice day/night in. Tastes amazing, smells amazing. Great for pain and insomnia. Hands down an excellent Kush strain." — Tim2812 (June 23, 2022)

"Got it from BC and if you get it right, it's one of the best ever. Don't get from dispensaries; get it from BC. BCBX had the best I've had ever!!" — Mattyg10720 (Jan. 21, 2022)

"I have epilepsy and this helps. Also helps my wife with her ADHD." — Posted (March 24, 2024)

"A fruity-vanilla taste. It tastes like the aftertaste of pink bubble gum. Very nice body high, and a decent head high. My bud tested at 24.90% in Denver. A great strain!" — Posted (Jan. 4, 2020)

Many users find Pink Kush to be highly effective for managing pain, anxiety, and insomnia. The strain’s sweet and floral flavor profile is frequently praised, with notes of berry, candy, and vanilla making each puff a delightful experience. The body high is described as deeply relaxing, often leading to a state of euphoria and calm that is perfect for winding down at the end of the day.

The strain is also noted for its versatility, helping with a wide range of medical conditions from chronic pain to mood disorders. Users consistently report a smooth smoke with a pleasant, lingering aroma.

Conclusion:

Pink Kush stands out as a powerful indica dominant strain with a rich flavor profile and potent effects. Whether you’re seeking relief from pain, anxiety, or insomnia, or simply looking to enjoy a deeply relaxing experience, Pink Kush is sure to deliver. Its sweet, floral flavors and euphoric body high make it a favorite among cannabis enthusiasts.

Experience the calming and euphoric effects of Pink Kush, and discover why this strain has earned its legendary status!

Share your experiences with Pink Kush in the comments below. Happy toking!

Tags: #PinkKush #CannabisCommunity #IndicaDominant #THC #SweetFlavors #CannabisReviews #StressRelief #PainManagement #CannabisCulture #TumblrCannabis https://linktr.ee/officialtopbud

#weed delivery #canada #weed dispensary #pot #weedstore #Northyorkdelivery

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prnanayarquah · 4 months ago

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Kush Keef and Ras Kuuku unite the street with New Dancehall Gospel “E Go Be” (Remix) – LISTEN

New Post has been published on https://plugzafrica.com/kush-keef-and-ras-kuuku-unite-the-street-with-new-dancehall-gospel-e-go-be-remix-listen/

Kush Keef and Ras Kuuku unite the street with New Dancehall Gospel “E Go Be” (Remix) – LISTEN

Whoever made the decision to put Kush Keef and Ras Kuuku on the remix of this song certainly made the right decision. Both artistes sunk in deep with the fitting lyrics and melodies for “E Go Be” Remix.

Many (Ghetto) Youths are really facing it hard during these times with economic downturns and most of them have given up on their dreams and hard work; nonetheless, there has to be a voice for the voiceless, thus, Kush Keef recruited Ras Kuuku on this new cut.

“E Go Be” Remix is tipped to be a new street anthem for the streets. The song has sparsely lose lyrics but with yet explanatory rhymes which carries the message across. The infusion of local dialect in the song also creates some originality and typically talks to the Ghanaian hustler on the streets. Released across all major music platforms, the song is available for streams and download.

Listen/Download Here: https://ditto.fm/e-go-be-remix

About Kush Keef:

From the vibrant hood of Dansoman, Accra, emerges a fresh voice lighting up the Afro-Dancehall scene: Roland Osei Adofo, lovingly known as Kush Keef. His journey from selling mobile phones from the lively corners of Circle to making global moves is a heart-warming tale of passion, perseverance and a deep love for music.

Kush Keef’s love for music began when a friend introduced him to the magic of FruityLoops. Instead of letting his environment define him, he used it as a canvas for his creativity. Influenced by Ghanaian music legends like Samini, Jupitar and Mugueez, Kush Keef has crafted his sound that effortlessly blends Dancehall and Afrobeats.

In 2020, Kush Keef made waves on the international music scene with his debut production collaboration alongside US-based artist, Dre Skuffs and Trinidad-based female artist, Servanity. Encouraged by the warm reception, Kush Keef set up his home studio and, with the help of his FruityLoops mentor, Dream Jay, he crafted his debut EP, “THE BEAST.” This seven-track gem showcases Kush Keef’s exceptional talent in songwriting and storytelling, which he believes is paving the way for his rise to stardom.

The release of the music videos for ‘Sijibomi’ and ‘My Baby’ from the EP captured the hearts of audiences worldwide, garnering impressive views on YouTube, Facebook and Instagram, catapulting Kush Keef onto the Afro-Dancehall scene.

Recently signed by the US-based music record label, Rovl Entertainment, Kush Keef is excited to share his banging beats, relatable lyrics and unique style with music lovers around the world. With the upcoming release of his anticipated debut EP, “THE BEAST,” Kush Keef is ready to thrill audiences with his authentic sound, heartfelt storytelling and undeniable talent.

For Kush Keef, music transcends passion; it is a way to bring people together, spread positivity and inspire others. With dreams of connecting with a wider audience, performing at major music festivals and collaborating with renowned artists in the industry, Kush Keef envisions creating a lasting legacy through his music.

Kindly Subscribe to his Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@Kushkeef

#E Go Be #Kush Keef #Ras Kuuku.

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kiwinaut · 5 months ago

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Cannabis

Psychoactive components: Cannabinoids, terpenes, terpenoids

Following the absolute flop that was the 2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum, I genuinely never thought I'd see legal cannabis use in New Zealand. After being a black market user for multiple years, when the opportunity to go the medical route came up - i ran for it.

Theres a huge cannabis culture in NZ, with a heap of people lowkey cultivating. I've considered it, but ultimately decided i don't have that kind of time or space - so i can't speak much on that domain. Consumption however... :')

forms I've tried: Flower, hash, edibles, tincture, distillate.

Strains I've tried (that i remember) :

Lemon haze (my fave!)

Donnie Burger

Shiskaberry

Bruce Banner

Super silver haze

Te Puke thunder

Bubblegum kush

Cumulus

Girl scout cookies (the hunger...)

#cannabis #nz #psychoactive #weed

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punejago · 5 months ago

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Allen Career Institute Pune’s Results

Allen is a quite well known brand in the JEE coaching industry. They first started their operations in Kota and then expanded to various regions.

Allen has various branches in Pune. They provide coaching for JEE and NEET as well.

Teachers

There is no data of teachers mentioned on their website. However from our research, we got to know that their Physics faculty is weak and various students have complained about it. We have posted the reviews as well below.

Results

2021 Results

Starting from JEE Mains , they published the results of first 2 attempts of JEE Mains 2021 and according to that their best percentile starts from 99.92 secured by Kush Shah. So the approx. rank we can safely say would be around 800.

In JEE Advanced, Allen Pune had the best AIR of 495 secured by Shreyas Grampurohit. They had total 81 students who qualified JEE Advanced 2021; 4 in top 2000 and 15 in top 5000.

KVPY– Their best AIR was 76 secured by Raj Chandak in SA Stream and in SX Stream, the Pune Rank 3 was bagged by Allen student with an AIR of 67. Allen had total 25 selections in KVPY 2021.

2022 Results

Their best rank from all the Pune branches was AIR 197 so no student secured a rank of below 100.

Coming to their nationwide results, they claimed that their best AIR is 11, secured by Deevyanshu Malu. Vedantu, FIITJEE, Resonance, and Motion classes also claimed Divyanshu as their classroom student.

Bakliwal Tutorials which is a locally focussed institute in Pune produced better results that Allen’s all branches across the nation. Pratik Sahoo from Bakliwal Tutorials secured AIR 7 in JEE Advanced 2020 surpassing Allen’s results.

2023 Results

Allen continues its practice of publishing misleading results, ALLEN Career Institute Pune stated that Aryan Mahajan (AIR 79), Reeshabh Kotecha (AIR 89), and Shourya Johari (AIR 215) are their students and claimed their ranks.

It was found that Aryan Mahajan (AIR 79), Reeshabh Kotecha (AIR 89), and Shourya Johari (AIR 215) were enrolled at M Prakash Institute (MPI) in Pune. M. Prakash Institute has never been associated with fraudulent results or deceptive claims. It is renowned for its trustworthiness and ethical practices. So it is clear that ALLEN Pune has poached these student’s results, which thus makes us question the accuracy and integrity of their declared outcomes.

In JEE Main 2023, Sarthak Toshniwal (AIR 92) was the Pune Topper in the April Session from Allen. But his result is also claimed by Shrinivas Academy Pune, and that makes us question Allen Pune’s credibility.

2024 Results

It was no surprise this year as well when Allen Pune asserted that they have produced the Pune Girl’s Topper, Khushi Kucheria. In reality, Khushi Kucheria is a Spectrum, Nashik student and has never been to Pune for any offline classes. Khushi on this day also, is preparing for her JEE Advanced exam at Spectrum, Nashik and this can be verified from the teachers teaching her at Spectrum Nashik. She has never taken a single class in Pune.

Allen’s results are not credible enough to be believed and above stated are only a few instances. They have been faking results since years and fooling innocent students and parents.

Branches

The Pune Head Office is located at Shankar Sheth Road. Other than that they have 4 branches in Pune- Shivaji Nagar, Chinchwad, Viman Nagar and Baner.

Website- https://www.allen.ac.in/pune/

Phone- +91-20-6706-2000

Link: https://punejagoiitjee.com/top-5-jee-coachings-in-pune-in-2025-2026/

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musicandotherdelights · 5 years ago

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Daily Listening, Day #49 - February 18th, 2020

Album: Section.80 (Top Dawg, 2011)

Artist: Kendrick Lamar

Genre: Political Hip Hop, West Coast Hip Hop

Track Listing:

"Fuck Your Ethnicity"

"Hol' Up"

"ADHD"

"No Makeup (Her Vice)"

"Tammy's Song (Her Evils)"

"Chapter Six"

"Ronald Reagan Era (His Evils)"

"Poe Man's Dream (His Vice)"

"The Spiteful Chant"

"Chapter Ten"

"Keisha's Song (Her Pain)"

"Rigamortus"

"Kush & Corinthians (His Pain)"

"Blow My High (Members Only)"

"Ab-Soul's Outro"

"HiiiPoWeR"

Favorite Song: "Hol' Up"

#Section.80 #Kendrick Lamar #Top Dawg #Political Hip Hop #West Coast Hip Hop #2011 #Early 2010s #2010s

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zaynabnabnab · 11 months ago

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Mapping Postcolonial Sudanese Urbanisms in Khartoum

fall 2023

Introduction

With Sudan’s recurringly-scarred legacy of occupation after siege after occupation after civil war, urban development in its major cities have been either imposed or established in self-defense. Khartoum, Sudan’s capital, has been forced to morph according to the wills of political actors and social unrest. With Khartoum being actively razed and depopulated by 6 million in the ongoing civil war (as of December 2023), rebuilding for lasting change necessitates reimagining it devoid of colonial stress, something that has not happened since prehistory (UNHCR 2023.) Dreams to rebuild Khartoum cannot occur without documenting its trajectory of change over its ancient history--not only to honor its legacy, but to challenge the longstanding academic neglect of its culture and people.

Sudan, the Region

Sudan is an expansive Northeast African nation, which was the largest African country prior to its division into North and South Sudan in 2011. Geographically, Sudan borders Egypt and Libya to its North, Chad to its West, and Ethiopia to its East. Through this position, Sudan exists as a gateway from the Arabized Middle East and North Africa to Black Africa. In fact, the name Sudan itself originates from its Arab settlers--بلاد السودان/Bilād as-sūdān, or "land of the black (color) people,” after the notably dark skin of its indigenous inhabitants. This transition occurs environmentally, as northern deserts become southern savannahs.

Although still contested, much archaeological evidence suggests that the earliest human ancestors and Homo sapiens ourselves originated in Sudan. A rich prehistory and foundation of one of the oldest civilizations remains very undocumented across disciplines of archaeology, genealogy, geography, and architecture. Beginning a dialogue of its urban evolution requires a general understanding of its history.

A Reductive History of Sudan

The beginnings of the Sudanese nation date to around 3,500 BCE, with the Meroitic Kingdom founded between 300 BCE to 350 CE. Across its kingdoms, rapid urbanization due to its rich agricultural and mineral economy led to the foundation of multiple centralized city centers.

The first indigenous Sudanese (Nubian) kingdom was the Kush empire, established by 750 BCE, and surviving until 350 CE.

Between 350 CE and the Arab invasions of the 7th century, not much further concrete documentation has been established.

In the 7th century, Nobatia and Makouria merged into one kingdom, which was dominated politically by the Makouria Kingdom.

Muslim Arabs invaded Makouria and defeated it, the Funj Islamic kingdom was established, with Sinnar as its capital in 651, flourishing for 3 centuries. This marks formal islamization of Sudan.

In 1820–1821, the kingdom was destroyed by a Turco-Egyptian army as a proxy for the Ottoman Empire. A Sudanese national named Mohamed Ahmed ibn Abdalla, known as El Mahdi, revolted and successfully ousted them, beginning a short-lived era of Sudanese self determination.

In 1898, sensing a weakness in Sudan’s forces, British forces invaded, ending the Mahdia era, and together with Egypt, began the rule of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan under the Condominium Agreement. Khartoum was chosen as the capital of the state which lasted until Sudan forcefully gained its independence in 1956.

Since independence in 1956, the history of Sudan has faced recurring internal conflicts:

First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972)

Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)

War in Darfur (2003–2010)

Third Civil War (2013–2020)

Civil war reignites (2023- )

Khartoum, Sudan

Khartoum was founded in 1821, as a part of Egypt b urban planner Muhammad Al-Saeed Samaha Bey. Its location is sought after due to its setting at the convergence of the White and Blue Nile rivers to form the Nile River, which bisects the country vertically.

Beginning as settlements of Nubian-Egyptian natives, greater Khartoum was scattered to form small villages that can be traced back to the 16th century. Khartoum was not designated as an official capital until 1821, under the Turco-Egyptian occupation of 1821. Here, an agrarian slave society, with Sudanese laboring as slaves in their own homeland, was established. This remained until the revolution of Mohammad Ahmad Al-Mahdi, who recaptured Khartoum, ending the Turco-Egyptian occupation, and established Umm Durman, a smaller city to its west, as the capital. This Mahdiist era lasted until 1898, when Egyptians conspired with the British, at the height of their plunderous conquest of Africa, to establish an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. The Mahdist army was defeated, and Khartoum, in symbol of the previous Egyptian domination of the region was re-established as capital. Political independence was eventually achieved in 1956 with Khartoum remaining as the capital, serving administrative and military outposts.

To begin piecing together the consequences of this historic sequential colonization and its effects on the urban landscape, we must establish the link between urbanism and colonialism.

Urbanism and the Colonizer

The contemporary field of architectural urbanism, one undoubtedly rooted in Western colonial dominance, has long championed designing cities of order, function, and uniformity. The forefathers of urbanism, Western urbanist giants like Hippodamus, Le Corbusier, Jane Jacobs, and Robert Moses left built and theoretical legacies in their efforts to tame the field of urbanism and city planning.

In contemporary urban design disciplines, many have begun exhibiting interest in contesting these longstanding laws and legacies, selling flashy design concepts like the 15 minute city or alternative material construction. Implementing larger communal spaces, blurring the lines between private and public property, using impermanent and biodegradable construction material, and decreasing reliance on vehicles, designers of several disciplines seem to iterate against the principles embedded in their education.

Beyond the bubble of hegemonic Western urbanism, it has been acknowledged that the foundational elements of institutionalized city planning--orthogonal street grids, zoning laws to segregate functions, wide car-centric circulation--are the footprints of Western colonial projects. Urban Geographer Mohamed Babiker Ibrahim writes,

“Pre-colonial morphology is characterized by narrow, winding, and congested streets. On the other hand, morphology of colonial cities—or those with heavy colonial influence—in Africa and Asia is often characterized by grid-patterned streets and the segregation of ethnic groups.” (Ibrahim 2014)

Consequently, these very practices of multifunctional communal urbanism and earthen construction were practiced in nations in the Global South prior to colonial intervention. Historic divergence from this method in these regions nearly always indicates the past presence of a colonial power. This is no coincidence. Comparisons between Western urbanist and West European colonial tactics reveal stark overlaps. When the British implemented the Divide and Rule policy in their apartheid regime in India, Architect Louis Sullivan coined the common phrase “form follows function” in justification of segregated city blocks. Robert Moses, in staunch justification of the estimated 250,000 he displaced in his urban planning career, penned, "I raise my stein to the builder who can remove ghettos without moving people as I hail the chef who can make omelets without breaking eggs." (Boeing 2017) Striking similarities between the 1940s British colonial city plans that forcibly removed 3.5 million Black South Africans, and the 1950 Jerusalem City plan that displaced 5.9 million Palestinians (Citino 2023) have been noted by the ANC themselves (African National Congress, 2018.) Le Courbusier’s fetishism of Arab-Amazigh architecture culminated in his razing and rebuilding of Algerian city centers, since his appreciation for those indigenous practices was never genuine enough to preserve or realize them. The sheer scale of city planning campaigns, and the perception that moving inhabitants around like pawns is necessary in order to demolish and erect built environments at will, mobilize both colonial projects and urban planning.

In a sense, the act of urban development and master planning becomes a greatly colonial act. This is not because urbanism and development is an inherently Western concept, although it is an inherent expression of domination by altering the built environment en masse. Thus, Urban planning has, throughout multiple colonial projects, been the catalysts to realize schemes of exploitation, displacement, and even genocide. And so, historic urban features, optimized by indigenous population for their environments, are deemed barbaric and backwards at its worst, and reduced into ornamentation at its best. The rich historic developments in construction technology and community placemaking are forgotten by the field, to be “rediscovered” and exalted in a Western institution. In the case of Sudan, these consequences have long devastated and scarred its cities. Mapping its history and architectural lineage retroactively, however, is a step towards retribution and setting precedents to build forward.

Mapping Khartoum’s Urban Evolution Across Colonial Chapters

Prehistoric and Pre-Islamic Sudanese Urbanism (3,500 BCE)

Distinctly pre-Islamic traditions of urbanism in Sudan occurred adjacent to the Nile River, where cities were established in modern-day Khartoum before its official inception. The first urban environments were born of a partial “Egyptianization” of riverine northern Sudan. Residential areas remained scattered among monuments, like the Nubian Pyramids that had been built prior to 2550 BCE. for at least two thousand years. Such settlements were especially large and prosperous during the Meroitic Period of 300-400CE. This urban typology of residences scattered among community monuments endured for around 2000 years.

Early Islamized Khartoum (1520-1820)

The traditional Muslim cities of north central Sudan and modern-day Khartoum can best be described with Nubian adaptations fitted to the archetype of a “Muslim city”, which Arab settlers brought with them during their settler conquests. Cities began to centralize and condense, acting as trading centers enshrouded by irregular streets with particular circulatory functions. Despite the use of “Islamization,” religion played a very minor role in the general urban fabric. Mosques and Churches demarcated residential units, very rarely being in city centers themselves. Universities, instead served the public in the city center, alongside tombs of exceptional Sudanese figures. In this way, Arab and Islamic influences, although certainly modeled after existing Arab cities, did not dilute existing Nubian cultural landmarks. Although it did begin to segregate public functions of work and school by concentrating them into the city, architecture itself through form and function was relatively preserved. Nubian settlements scattered remained built around monumental buildings. Earthen architecture continued to be built as opposed to Arab building typologies, like this earthen Qutiyya house.

Turco-Egyptian occupation, slavery, and shifting attitudes towards and ownership (1820-1885)

In 1820, the Ottoman Empire began their conquest of Sudan. They established Khartoum, which has previously been a conglomerate of multiple small cities. The capital was connected by trade routes, still functioned as commercial centers, and still had markets and an irregular street pattern. Although the physical formation of these cities remained similar, their functions drastically and destructively changed. The occupation changed the pre capitalist system of land tenure to one with a system of private property. This shifted the traditional system of agricultural labor, particularly through the introduction of agricultural slavery of the Sudanese themselves, introducing both slave and apartheid conditions that then began to alter the layout of the city. The Turkish enslavement of Sudanese in their own land made land ownership industrialized and extremely difficult for Sudanese themselves to inherit land, which was becoming privatized in swaths. This also changed the demography of the region, as poor and enslaved Sudanese fled to the South. In addition, many heritage buildings and monuments were also destroyed-- the Turkish settlers began to shave the tops of pyramids off after hearing rumors of there being gold in them. A disregard for indigeneity and the brutal institutionalization of slavery set a precedent for deep structural racism that began with the organization of the city.

The Mahdist Era (1885-1899)

Muhammad Ahmed, nicknamed Al-Mahdi prophetically, was a general who organized a slave revolution against the Turco-Egyptian occupation. Their victory ushered in a brief era of anticolonial Sudanese nationalist Independence. He shifted the capital from Khartoum to the neighboring city, Omdurman, where Khartoum was neglected until British colonialists, with their eye on the agricultural and mineral-rich region, conspired with the Egyptians to again impose a period of violent occupation.

Khartoum’s Morphological Evolution During British occupation (1899-1956)

When Sudan became under British colonial power in 1899, the first thing the Governor-General Kitchener did was to establish Divide and Conquer Policy, constructing a colonial apartheid city back in Khartoum. The British cleared residential areas and cleared indigenous architecture to begin plundering the area (Njoh, 2007). His partner Willian Mclean, a Scottish colonial officer and architect, drew up a comprehensive plan for Khartoum. He began by introducing a four-tier neighborhood classification system consisting of: first class, second class, third class, and native lodged areas. (McLean, 1980). European settlers lived in these first-class zones, filled with green spaces, clean streets and excellent water and electricity supply. Sudanese people could only live in zones designated third class and below, effectively establishing a brutal apartheid with separate infrastructure serving them entirely. The traditional Nubian and Nubian-Islamic city structure was not entirely eliminated, just pushed away to the borders and rural outskirts of Khartoum, likely existing as pictured below, segregated from all-White zones.

Post-Colonial Aftershocks following the Declaration of Liberation: Islamism, Foreign Intervention, and Deurbanization (1956-)

Planning and layout of Khartoum after Sudanese independence in 1956 continued in this colonial path. A grid system was similarly applied in newer neighborhoods, which were still divided into first, second, and third class, based on size and quality(Hafazalla, 2006). Multistory buildings in an international architectural style were built. Khartoum began to expand horizontally, and the administrative area at its core swallowed up the previous regions inhabited by British occupiers in first-class zones. Still, a colonial mindset is extended through the continuation of this quality ranking systems, and class divide is deepened as economic activity concentrates more at Khartoum’s core.

The dictatorship of Omar El-Beshir, beginning in 1993 and lasting 26 years, fueled fundamental Islamism as well as virulent corruption. Reactionary Islamism begun to impact the urban environment in reaction to the desire to return to the precolonial glory of the region that had been continuously plundered and suffocated for 2 centuries. In response, monuments of colonialism, like the All Saints Cathedral built after General Gordon in Khartoum, were demolished. Mosques, in an act of defiance were quickly erected around Khartoum.

A short-lived establishment of the Khartoum Planning Committee (1960s-80s) was responsible for much infrastructural development, and was well-respected. Under a corrupt government, however, it soon fell to internal corruption and external international corporate exploitation. Multiple master plans had since been proposed and deemed financially unfeasible. A reliance on China and Saudi Arabia to Finance infrastructure, with terms of manipulative debiting and resource exploitation sending Khartoum, the economic capital of the nation, into financial crisis.

Under El-Bashir’s reign, a slew of genocidal campaigns against the regions outside of Khartoum with differing ethnic and cultural makeup ensued. The Darfur war killed thousands, displaced millions, and destroyed cities that in function, were similar to Islamic-Nubian layouts of scattered earthen homes around community centers. South Sudan seceded following another Civil War, with aid from the British in 2011.

In Khartoum, the capital degraded in tandem in the wake of further corruption. Public parks were closed and “sold” to government officials for personal use. Inflation made living in the city impossible for all but a select few. Khartoum was impoverished back into ruralism, with uses of animal transport more affordable than driving cars, and conversion of unaffordable, empty housing to shanty homes.

Contemporary struggles in Khartoum, 3.5 Civil Wars later

Today, Khartoum has turned into a war zone amid the deposition of Bashir and his trial for crimes against humanity. A power struggle between his two former military aides, with the Sudanese Army under the command of Abdul Fattah Alburhan and the Rapid Support Forces, a paramilitary group under Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo has ensued absolute destruction. Bombing campaigns began on behalf of the RSF in April 2023, and violence, genocide, and disposession have ensued. Much of what was left of Khartoum’s residential areas was looted and flattened. In all, two million refugees are living in the fringe of Greater Khartoum in slums or squatter settlements. Infighting has destroyed infrastructure, heritage sites, killing millions and displacing 6 million refugees in total, as of December 2023.

Mediating Scarred Cities with Postcolonial Thought

How can Sudan move forward in the wake of seemingly endless atrocities? Through these horrors, in acknowledging that these events unfolded after a series of colonial conquests claiming lives and resources, and only leaving power vacuums to be filled by corrupt officials and vulture-like international forces, it is only accurate to state that the postcolonial era in Sudan was never brought to fruition. Though breaking past this cycle of dispossession and exploitation, there are anecdotal references of deeply scarred nations and cities in their struggle for agency and resilience.

The era of postcolonial thought, defined as “the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism” (Ivison 2023) brought sociologists, anthropologists, and activists to imagine paths forward of the colonized from colonial violence. Both the study and act of urbanism and urban development mobilize this path, by establishing the built environment in reflection of progress from scarred histories. The theories of postcolonial figures across the globe, although they may not have been created within the field of architecture or urbanism, inform the process of mediation just as the theories of colonial domination informed the processes of rigid and imposing cities.

Palestinian Edward Said’s work on orientalism and the White gaze deconstructs the inherently colonial nature of urban planning in the colonized architect’s mind. Orientalism, which he defines as “a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between "the Orient" and "the Occident” (Said 1978.) Through this binary distinction, Said argues, further binaries like “good” and “bad,” “moral” and “immoral,” “developed” and “barbaric,” are assigned to this geopolitical one. Those who dominate determine which binary applies to them. This framing allows the absolute dissonance between those in the Occident, who claimed their power through acts of immoral dominance and destruction, to assign morality for themselves. This confrontation of the facade of represented goodness of the West forces the designer to see through the systemic assumption, in urbanist theory and practice, that the qualities of western urbanism are any more developed, dignified, or legitimate than those practiced in the South. A Sudanese qutiyya house is not any less legitimate than a British terrace house. The architect must understand this to effectively challenge built characteristics, lest they appropriate an existing indigenous one and claim it as their own.

The decolonial work Frantz Fanon’s postcolonial activism describes a path of agency and self determination, one that would provide agency for the displaced and disenfranchised Sudanese. In his Work Wretched of the Earth, Fanon states,

“The Third World must not be content to define itself in relation to values which preceded it,’ he warned. ’On the contrary, the underdeveloped countries must endeavour to focus on their very own values as well as methods and style specific to them.” (Fanon 1961)

Through our analysis, we have seen that Khartoum’s developing agents following colonialism have already fallen victim to the need to conform to colonial ideals even in their wake. Indigenous architectural methods and styles, developed specifically with the climate and material conditions in mind, had been suppressed and replaced by British settler colonialists. As Fanon also argues, colonial violence narrows the mind of those who it victimizes, as well as its colonizer. Colonizers imposed unfit built conditions upon Khartoum because they did not see value in it, and unfortunately, this spite has also infected the minds of Sudanese developers. A reclamation of this isn't only an act of defiance, but a readoption of genuine and appropriate methods.

Moving Forward: Healing and Designing for the Future

Critiques of Urbanism as an inherently colonial act began once the discipline transitioned from a collective spatial evolution into an institutionalized act of imposition. The process of urbanization and master plans themselves, in colonial history, are predetermined schemes designed by the few, imposed upon the many. Urbanism relies upon adaptability and the molding of the built environment to the needs of its inhabitants, and this adaptable and domestic reality is often overlooked when working at a large scale. Through this history of persistent colonialism and exploitation, any shred of self determination to craft one's environment has been stripped from the Sudanese.

Unfortunately, this reality is not unique, and Sudan is not the only nation to suffer in this ongoing struggle. To track the large-scale morphological changes in the built environment, as this paper hopes to do, is only a superficial beginning in unpacking the spirit of Sudan’s urban struggle. It would be reductive to introduce this knowledge as novel, because although this specific topic is academically neglected, to suggest that the wills of the Sudanese to form their own environment have not been voiced, mobilized, and silenced is both reductive and untrue. In addition, speculating routes of healing in the clinical and detached mediums of writing and drawing, and detached from the land itself, is an irresponsible feat that would eventually repeat the same presumptive colonial actions. The most competent actors for change are the Sudanese in Khartoum themselves. True advocacy lies in the labor of documentation, resource mobilization, and fighting against the ongoing and persistent subjugation of Sudanese land, lives, and resources.

After mapping this colonial legacy in contrast with other instances, my argument remains that introspection of urban practices inherent and original to Sudan and its inhabitants are a seed of potential to be protected. I cannot say that I am hopeful that this seed will be able to germinate and thrive in the near future, undisturbed, into the will and hopes of Sudanis. Still, the labor of documenting this past and breaking through colonial mindsets, difficult as it may be, is an act that a generation of urbanists and architects ought to perform in order to prevent further designing a hostile world. In addition, this work must be done, as there is no greater injustice to the colonized, besides having been colonized, than to be both colonized and forgotten.

Resources

Mahmoud, A. A. (1995). "Urbanization and Planning in the Sudan: The Case of Khartoum." Cities, 12(3), 141-148.

Ibrahim, A. H. (1985). "Colonial Impact on Urbanization: The Case of Khartoum." African Urban Quarterly, 1(2), 147-156

O’Callaghan, Cian. (2012). Contrapuntal Urbanisms: Towards a Postcolonial Relational Geography. Environment and Planning A. 44. 1930-1950. 10.1068/a44615.

Hassan, S. S., i in. „Urban Planning of Khartoum. History and Modernity. Part I. History”. Wiadomości Konserwatorskie, nr 51, Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków, 2017, s. 86–94.

Jok, J. M. (2001). "The Culture of Politics: British Colonialism and Political Modernity in Sudan." African Studies Review, 44(2), 1-21.

Ali, A. O. (2017). "Urbanization in Sudan: Historical Phases and Future Prospects." In A. Dafaalla, A. Mustafa, & A. Omer (Eds.), The Geographies of the Sudan: Historical and Contemporary (pp. 219-234). Springer.

Prakash, G., ed. After Colonialism: Imperial Histories and Postcolonial Displacements. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

APA. Said, E. W. (2003). Orientalism. Penguin Classics.

Fanon, Frantz, 1925-1961. The Wretched of the Earth. New York :Grove Press, 1968.

#arch #text #research

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