#king joseph i of portugal

[tercessketchfield]

MEN THINK ABOUT ROMAN EMPIRE. WOMEN THINK ABOUT HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE

JUDITH OF BAVARIA (797-843) — Daughter of Count Welf I of Bavaria, Judith was a Carolingian Empress as the second wife of Louis I the Pious. Mother of Gisela and Charles the Bald, she foght for both her own influence at court and for the succession of her son over the claims of his elder half-brothers, the sons of Louis I from his first marriage. Charles became the Emperor in 875, after the death of Louis II, his nephew and a son of his half-brother Lothair / fancast: Annabel Scholey

MARIA OF AUSTRIA (1528-1603) — Daughter of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Isabella of Portugal. She served as Regent of Spain both jointly with her husband, Maximilian (before their accession to the imperial throne), and in person, for her father, and brother, Philip II. Her children include two Holy Roman Emperors, Rudolf II and Matthias, over whom she held great influence, and queens consorts of Spain, and France / fancast: Olivia Cooke

EMPRESS MAUD (1102-1167) — Daughter of Henry I of England and Matilda of Scotland. Her first marriage to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry V, gave her the title under which she came down into history, and was a source of great pride to Maud. Rightful heiress of Henry I, she confronted her cousin, King Stephen, in the civil war, known as the Anarchy, fighting ferociously for her rights. She failed in this for herself but won for her son Henry, who became king and established the Plantagenet dynasty in England / cast: Alison Pill in The Pillars of the Earth (2010)

MARIA THERESA (1717-1780) — She succeded her father Charles VI as the ruler of Habsburg monarchy in 1740, and devoutedly defended it against its enemies in the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Year's War. Wife of the Holy Roman Emperor, Francis I, she was a forceful personality and a competent ruler herself, reigning first in her own right, and later, jointly with her son Empreror Joseph II. Her children include two Holy Romam Emperors (Joseph II and Leopold II), queens consorts of Naples ans Sicily, and France / cast: Marie-Luise Stockinger in Maria Theresia (2017)

[josefavomjaaga]

Another letter from Duroc to Murat

This time from 1809.

This letter was taken from the publication of Murat’s correspondence by Paul Le Brethon, so I’m unsure wether it’s been translated before. If so, sorry for the doublette.

Putting the letter into context: Murat has been made King of Naples, obviously. Napoleon has just returned to France from Spain, where he had put Joseph back on the throne. Soult has been busy chasing Moore’s British troops back to La Coruna and is now on his way into Portugal. Ney is in Galicia, freeing nuns. Lannes and Junot are at the siege of Saragossa, Mortier and Victor are also in Spain while Bessières is back in Paris, I think. Marmont is in Dalmatia. Eugène is in Italy and already sends alarmed letters to Napoleon because the Austrians prepare for war, the Fifth Coalition War is about to begin (even if Duroc seems to not believe in it yet):

Paris, 15 February 1809 Sire, Your Majesty should not be in any doubt as to how grateful I am for the fond memories he is willing to preserve for me; he would do me a great disservice if he thought I had forgotten his kindnesses to me. Nobody forgets that here.

Your Majesty asks me for news of the Emperor. On his return from Spain, where he has always enjoyed the best of health, His Majesty came down with a fairly bad cold.This cold and some dissatisfaction that His Majesty had with the chatter in Paris during his absence had made him ill, so to speak, although his work and ordinary exercises had never suffered. His Majesty is perfectly well again and has enjoyed the pleasures of Carnival and hunting.

Our carnival was short but very cheerful. We first had at Monsieur Marescalchi's and yesterday at Monsieur l'Archichancelier's two masked balls. His Majesty went there and seemed to enjoy himself. They turned out very well. The Court has its circles and concerts as usual and the Princesses, balls as in other years. Although we are as good Catholics as in Italy, we will be extending our Carnival pleasures during Lent.

As in Paris one thing quickly follows another, there is already no more talk of what displeased the Emperor on his return and of the disgrace suffered by a great personage, especially as His Majesty is treating him better now. Your Majesty knows as well as I do what is going on. The Emperor was told that during his absence the Prince of Benevento had expressed his disapproval of the affairs in Spain, that there had been some cackling between him, the Minister of Police and Remusat; something was also said about the Minister of the Navy. All were rebuked and the Prince was disgraced by losing his position as Grand Chamberlain. There is now talk of a forthcoming appointment of senators and, as Your Majesty is well aware, this is causing quite a stir.

Business in Spain is going very well, even better than expected. The expedition to Portugal will be easy. Only the siege of Saragossa is being prolonged, but it is being conducted vigorously. They are madmen who have to be attacked house by house, and they are blown up by mines one after the other. We lost General Lacoste, the Emperor's aide-de-camp, who was in command of the engineers; he was hit in the head by a bullet.

Austria's armaments are causing a lot of talk about war being imminent; however, there is reason to believe that she will not start it and that she is arming out of fear. There is no bad rumour that is not being spread over there: according to them, we no longer have any troops left in Germany; the Emperor only left Spain because he was put off by the difficulties, and they deny all our successes.

Monsieur de Romansoff, who was here, is returning to Petersburg. It had been thought that as the correspondence started with England had always been continued, it could be resumed in these circumstances, especially since the disasters suffered by their army in Spain. With profound respect, Sire, I am Your Majesty's most humble and obedient servant. The Duke of Frioul.

[P.S.:] The notes which the Queen had sent to the Emperor in Spain have arrived here. When she left, Her Majesty gave me a commission which I am fulfilling, but I do not know whether I should continue or to whom I should go afterwards to be reimbursed.

[dutch-and-flemish-painters]

Albert Gregorius - Portrait of King Joao VI - 1826

Dom John VI (Portuguese: João VI; 13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826), nicknamed "the Clement", was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1816 to 1825. Although the United Kingdom of Portugal ceased to exist de facto beginning in 1822, he remained its monarch de jure between 1822 and 1825. After the recognition of the independence of Brazil under the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro of 1825, he continued as King of Portugal until his death in 1826. Under the same treaty, he also became titular Emperor of Brazil for life, while his son, Emperor Pedro I, was both de facto and de jure the monarch of the newly independent country.

John VI was born in Lisbon in 1767 during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King Dom Joseph I of Portugal. He was the second son of the Princess of Brazil and Infante Peter of Portugal, who later became Queen Dona Maria I and King Dom Peter III. John became heir to the throne when his older brother, Prince José, died of smallpox in 1788 at the age of 27. Before his accession to the Portuguese throne, John bore the titles Duke of Braganza, Duke of Beja, and Prince of Brazil. From 1799, he served as prince regent due to the mental illness of his mother. In 1816, he succeeded his mother as monarch of the Portuguese Empire, with no real change in his authority, since he already possessed absolute powers as regent.

One of the last representatives of absolute monarchy in Europe, John VI lived during a turbulent period; his reign never saw a lasting peace. Throughout his period of rule, major powers, such as Spain, France and Great Britain, continually intervened in Portuguese affairs. Forced to flee across the Atlantic Ocean to Brazil when troops of the Emperor Napoleon I invaded Portugal, he found himself faced there with liberal revolts; he was compelled to return to Europe amid new conflicts. His marriage was no less conflictual, as his wife Carlota Joaquina of Spain repeatedly conspired against her husband in favor of personal interests or those of her native Spain.

John lost Brazil when his son Pedro declared independence, and his other son Miguel (later Miguel I of Portugal) led a rebellion that sought to depose him. According to recent scholarly research, his death may well have been caused by arsenic poisoning. Notwithstanding these tribulations John left a lasting mark, especially in Brazil, where he helped to create numerous institutions and services that laid a foundation for national autonomy, and many historians consider him to be a true mastermind of the modern Brazilian state. John's contemporaries viewed him as a kind and benevolent king, although later generations of Portuguese and Brazilians have made him the subject of frequent caricature.

Albert Jacob Frans Gregorius, or Albert Jacques François Grégorius (26 October 1774, Bruges - 25 February 1853, Bruges) was a Flemish-Belgian portrait painter and Director of the art academy in Bruges.

[artthatgivesmefeelings]

Nicolas de Largillière (French, 1656-1746) Infanta María Ana Victoria de Borbón, Spanish Infanta, Queen Consort of Portugal and the Algarves, (1718-1781), 1724 Museo Nacional del Prado Infanta Maria Ana Victoria was Queen Consort of Portugal and the Algarves due to her marriage to Joseph I. She also acted as Queen Regent of Portugal. She has descendants ranging from the present King of Spain, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Parma (the Parma line was founded by her second surviving brother Philip) and French Pretenders, the Count of Paris.

[catherinetheprincessofwales]

Royal Deaths in History - 17th September

1322 - Robert III of Flanders.

1422 - Constantine II of Bulgaria.

1632 - Susenyos I, Emperor of Ethiopia.

1665 - Felipe IV, King of Spain & Portugal.

1679 - John Joseph of Austrian, Spanish general and illegitimate son of Felipe IV of Spain (Regent of Spain, Governor of South Netherlands).

1767 - Prince Edward of Wales, Duke of York and Albany, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales.

[best-braganza-tournement]

Introduction

Do you have opinions on the Serene House of Bragança (or Braganza) Do you wish to join the Brigantine Dynasty as it streches from East Timor to Brazil. Do you wish to eat Caldo Verde in a hot day in Portugal. Do you enjoy seeing drama, plotting, consorts more interesting than their Bragança husbands and the glory that is coming to Brazil? If so this defunct house of rulers that has had claimants and candidates to the thrones of Greece and Poland, as well as Monarchs of Portugal and royal consorts that have provided Monarchs such as Ferdinand of Romania? Dilettantes including the Infante Manuel de Bragança? and of course the Glorious Kings of Portugal and the Emperors of Brazil? If so, come to Brazil Join the tournament to discover the best Bragança!

Listen we may not be as dramatic as the Habsburgs or the Bourbons, but in terms of drama, we are the little house that could (so much drama (the War of the Brothers, the scheming of Carlota Joaquina, João V and his strong love of the catholic church)

Rules:

Who will be included in your lists? Much like notable brackets of Central Europe, we will include unconventional figures who may technically be considered members of other dynasties including *sighs*...at least a few Hohenzollerns (But unlike the @best-hohenzollern-ruler bracket, these will be ROMANIAN HOHENZOLLERNS; which is better).

We will also include the consorts from other royal families whose ambitions, intellect, and force of will may have outshone their admittedly mediocre Bragança spouses (Carlota Joaquina of the Bourbons is fascinating as is Maria Leopoldina of Austria)

Is propaganda encouraged?

Absolutely, as Lilia Schwarcz shows for Pedro II of Brazil, propaganda and pageantry are essential for the construction of the Bragança dynasty and monarchy! As such, It is also essential for this bracket!

Why is everyone a Pedro or João?

Hey, those are perfectly good names....but we also have two Marias who reigned in their own right (Actually, a lot more Marias in this bracket!) We also have some Afonsos

What regnal numbers will you be using?

Honestly, we will be using the Portuguese regnal numbers up until Pedro II of Brazil, who will have emperor in his title to distinguish him (Pedro I of Brazil/ IV of Portugal will have both)/ We will also include a few dukes.

Which language will you be using for the names?

Portuguese....do you really want to deal with a bunch of Johns and Peters?

How would you like it if, say a Habsburg Bracket, called Franz Joseph

Francisco José? It would be weird.

What is your relation to @best-hohenzollern-ruler, @best-habsburg-monarch, and the @best-bourbon-monarch?

Much like the Duke João of Braganza ( the future King João IV of Portugal) we bravely broke off from the @best-habsburg-monarch's bracket to form our own path! However, as is our want, we deeply appreciate the Habsburgs, the Bourbons, and the Hohenzollerns. Thus, we have maintained our propensity to intermarry into each of these families and their membership has joined us as well. So @best-hohenzollern-ruler @best-bourbon-monarch and @best-habsburg-monarch, friends? Also, @rulers-of-poland-tournament, Infante Manuel de Bragança really thinks y'all are swell!

[brightside00]

Women throughout history!!

do you know that :

_Queen Vanden ordered the imprisonment of her personal barber for 3 years so that no one would know that her hair had turned gray.

_ Queen Victoria ordered the streets of the English city of Copenhagen to be sprayed with cologne to celebrate her and Prince Albert’s visit to her in 1845.

_ The Virgin Queen, Queen Elizabeth I, Queen of Britain, sat on the throne when she was a virgin at the age of twenty-five. She remained queen for 45 years, during which she gave all her love to her country. She was even averse to marriage, and she always said... that I would rather beg without marriage than To be a married queen

_ Anne of Berlin, wife of King Henry VIII, used to wear gloves constantly in summer and winter in order to hide a sixth finger on her hand.

_ Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, would eat a piece of cantaloupe seasoned with garlic when she wanted to stimulate her appetite.

- If Catherine the Great wanted to make herself happy, she would order her feet to be tickled...and she would drink five cups of coffee for her breakfast.

_ Mary Theresa, Empress of Austria, was one of the happiest mothers, as she was the mother of sixteen boys and girls, including two emperors and three queens.

_ Lulia Paulina, wife of Caesar Caligula, was wearing dresses whose price was no less than $200,000, in addition to a pearl necklace that was worth $3,500,000.

_ Enzi Castor, wife of Piedra I, Queen of Portugal, was assassinated by an individual. When her husband became king, he took her body out of the grave, installed her on the throne, and told his people that she was the Queen of Portugal. She became the first queen to rule her people after her death.

Queen Margaret of Austria, wife of Philip III, refused to receive a gift given to her by the owners of silk stockings, and she severely rebuked them for their gift. Their anger and loneliness disappeared after they learned that the Queen of Spain hated her thin legs.

_ Wilhelmina Maria, Princess of Orange Denassau, later became Queen of the Netherlands, and when she abdicated the throne in 1948, her wealth was estimated at 500,000,000.

_ When Cleopatra ascended to the throne of Egypt after the death of her father, Ptolemy M .

_ Moche Thean was a maid in the imperial palace in China, and after a while she became the Empress of China after killing her sister, brother, mother, and the emperor.

Empress Eugenie, wife of Napoleon III: She did not wear shoes, no matter how expensive they were, more than once.

_ Elizabeth, Queen of Austria, would not sleep until she had wrapped her waist with a handkerchief soaked in water, because she believed that this handkerchief would keep her waist slim and fit.

The Tsarina of Russia once sentenced one of the princes who conspired against her to become like a chicken, so she brought a cage and put it inside a group of eggs and forced him to enter the cage, sit on top of the eggs, and shout like a chicken.

_ Christian Erharden, Queen of Poland, remained queen for thirty years, from 1697 - 1727, even though she never set foot in Poland.

_ Daisy Clary, the daughter of a Marseille merchant, was engaged to three soldiers, each of whom later became king: the first soldier, Napoleon Bonaparte, and the second, Joseph Bernadotte, but she married Bernadotte, who assumed the throne of Sweden.

_ German Duchess Marie August was receiving her official guests while sitting in the bathtub.

[best-habsburg-monarch]

Preliminary List of Monarchs:

Rudolph, First Archduke of Austria

Fredrick III, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, Disputed King of Poland

Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Germans, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Philip I, The Handsome, King of Castile

Charles I (V), Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, King of Spain, etc.

Philip II, King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily

Philip III, King of Spain, King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily, etc.

Philip IV, King of Spain, King of Portugal

Charles II, King of Spain

Margret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy, Governor of the Netherlands

Mary of Hungary, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Governor of the Netherlands

Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, Disputed King of Spain

Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, King of Hungary, etc.

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Franz II/I, Holy Roman Emperor, Austrian Emperor, Archduke of Austria, etc.

Ferdinand I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, etc.

Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, etc.

Maximilian of Mexico

Charles I, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary

Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil

Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil

Napoleon II, King of Rome, Duke of Reichstadt

Marie Luisa, Duchess of Parma, Empress of the French

Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany

Feel free to tell me who you think we are missing or to start sending in propaganda for your favorite. It will be included in the poll.

[bobmccullochny]

History

October 5, 1813 - Shawnee Indian Chief Tecumseh was defeated and killed during the War of 1812. Regarded as one of the greatest American Indians, he was a powerful orator who defended his people against white settlement. When the War of 1812 broke out, he joined the British as a brigadier general and was killed at the Battle of the Thames in Ontario.

October 5, 1877 - Following a 1,700-mile retreat, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians surrendered to U.S. Cavalry troops at Bear's Paw near Chinook, Montana. "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever," he declared.

October 5, 1908 - Bulgaria proclaimed its independence from the Ottoman Empire.

October 5, 1910 - Portugal became a republic following a successful revolt against King Manuel II.

October 5, 1938 - Czech President Dr. Eduard Benes resigned and fled abroad amid threats from Adolf Hitler.

October 5, 1964 - The largest mass escape since the construction of the Berlin Wall occurred as 57 East German refugees escaped to West Berlin after tunneling beneath the wall.

October 5, 1986 - Former U.S. Marine Eugene Hasenfus was captured by Nicaraguan Sandinistas after a plane carrying arms for the Nicaraguan rebels (Contras) was shot down over Nicaragua. This marked the beginning of the "Iran-Contra" controversy resulting in Congressional hearings and a major scandal for the Reagan White House after it was revealed that money from the sale of arms to Iran was used to fund covert operations in Nicaragua.

Birthday - Theologian Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) was born in East Windsor, Connecticut. He led the "Great Awakening" religious revival in the American colonies and later became president of Princeton.

Birthday - Chester A. Arthur (1830-1886) the 21st President of the U.S. was born in Fairfield, Vermont. He succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of James A. Garfield. He served from September 20, 1881 to March 3, 1885, but was not nominated by the Republican Party for a second term.

Birthday - "Father of the Space Age" Robert Goddard (1882-1945) was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. During his lifetime he was ridiculed by the public and the press over his idea of constructing a space flight machine. In 1926, he launched the world's first liquid-fueled rocket on a farm near Auburn, Mass. In 1935, his liquid-fueled rocket surpassed the speed of sound. Other developments included a steering apparatus for rocket machines, staged rockets to reach high altitudes, rocket fuel pumps, and a self-cooling rocket motor.

Birthday - Czech playwright and political leader Vaclav Havel was born in Prague, October 5, 1936. He spent over 5 years in prison for speaking out against government abuses. He went on to lead the peaceful "velvet revolution" which ended Soviet-style Communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.1 (before 1950)

800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. 1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. 1577 – Courtiers Christopher Hatton and Thomas Heneage are knighted by Queen Elizabeth I of England. 1640 – End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty. 1662 – Diarist John Evelyn records skating on the frozen lake in St James's Park, London, watched by Charles II and Queen Catherine. 1768 – The former slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøya in Norway. 1821 – José Núñez de Cáceres wins the independence of the Dominican Republic from Spain and names the new territory the Republic of Spanish Haiti. 1822 – Pedro I is crowned Emperor of Brazil. 1824 – United States presidential election: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. 1828 – Argentine general Juan Lavalle makes a coup against governor Manuel Dorrego, beginning the Decembrist revolution. 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. 1862 – American Civil War: In his second State of the Union Address, President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation. 1865 – Shaw University, the first historically black university in the southern United States, is founded in Raleigh, North Carolina. 1878 – President Rutherford B. Hayes gets the first telephone installed in the White House. 1900 – Nicaragua sells canal rights to U.S. for $5 million. The canal agreement fails in March 1901. Great Britain rejects amended treaty. 1913 – The Buenos Aires Metro, the first underground railway system in the Southern Hemisphere and in Latin America, begins operation. 1913 – Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece. 1918 – Transylvania unites with Romania, following the incorporation of Bessarabia (March 27) and Bukovina (November 28) and thus concluding the Great Union. 1918 – Iceland becomes a sovereign state, yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom. 1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed. 1919 – Lady Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament (MP) to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. (She had been elected to that position on November 28.) 1924 – The National Hockey League's first United States–based franchise, the Boston Bruins, plays their first game in league play at home, at the still-extant Boston Arena indoor hockey facility. 1934 – Sergei Kirov is assassinated, paving way for the repressive Great Purge, and Vinnytsia massacre by General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. 1939 – World War II: A day after the beginning of the Winter War in Finland, the Cajander III Cabinet resigns and is replaced by the Ryti I Cabinet, while the Finnish Parliament move from Helsinki to Kauhajoki to escape the Soviet airstrikes. 1939 – The Soviet Union establishes the Finnish Democratic Republic puppet state in Terijoki. 1941 – World War II: Emperor Hirohito of Japan gives his tacit approval to the decision of the imperial council to initiate war against the United States. 1941 – World War II: Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City and Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, signs Administrative Order 9, creating the Civil Air Patrol.

[brookston]

Holidays 2.7

Holidays

Alfred Adler Day

Ballet Day

Beatles Hit America Day

Business Education Day (Russia)

Charles Dickens Day

Colin Kaepernick Appreciation Day

Constitution Day (Mexico)

Daniel Boone Escape Day

”e” Day

Fire Extinguisher Day (Russia)

Green New Deal Day

Her Turn of Giving Day (South Dakota)

Hug an Addict or Alcoholic Day

International Bluff Day

International Men’s Day (Malta)

International Start a Blog Day

Laura Ingalls Wilder Day

Love Your Robot Day

Lungwort Day (French Republic)

Masseur Day (Ukraine)

National Black Grandmothers Day

National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day

National Foreskin Appreciation Day

National Homegating Day

National Jack Day

National Periodic Table Day

National Run-For-Your-Life Day

National Signing Day

Northern Territories Day (Japan)

No Talk Day

PACS1 Awareness Day

Punisher Day

Reverse the Red Day

Rose Day

Send a Card to a Friend Day

Star Wars Podcast Day

Violet Day

Wave All Your Fingers At Your Neighbors Day

The Weekend Day (Canada)

Winter Walk+Roll to School Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Fettuccine Alfredo Day

1st Wednesday in February

Book Direct Day [1st Wednesday]

Empire State Building Run Up Day [1st Wednesday]

Global School Play Day [1st Wednesday]

National Girls and Women in Sports Day [1st Wednesday]

National Signing Day (College Football) [1st Wednesday]

Winter Walk Day (Canada) [1st Wednesday]

World Read Aloud Day [1st Wednesday]

Independence & Related Days

Grenada (from UK, 1974)

Festivals Beginning February 7, 2024

Carnival of Madeira (Funchal, Portugal) [thru 2.18]

Carnival of Mazatenango (Mazatenango, Guatemala) [thru 2.14]

Hendry County Fair (Lewiston, Florida) [thru 2.11]

Southwest Michigan Horticultural Days (Benton Harbor, Michigan) [thru 2.8]

Trinidad and Tobago Carnival (Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago) [thru 2.14]

Winter Farm Show (Watertown, South Dakota) [thru 2.10]

Feast Days

Adaucus (Christian; Saint)

Alfred E. Neuman Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Ancestor Day I (Pagan)

Augulus, Bishop of London (Christian; Saint)

Charles Dickens (Writerism)

Chrysolius (Christian; Saint)

Colette of Corbie (Christian; Saint)

Day of Selene (Goddess of the Moon; Ancient Greece)

Egidio Maria of Saint Joseph (Christian; Saint)

Eochaid Ollathair (Festival to The Dagda; Celtic Book of Days)

Eugénie Smet (Christian; Blessed)

Everyman’s Day

Favonius (Ancient Roman Festival of Spring Sowing; Starza Pagan Book of Days)

Feast of Mulk (Baha’i)

Henry Fuseli (Artology)

Ictinus (Positivist; Saint)

Just Another Day Day (a.k.a. No-Day Day; Pastafarian)

Li Chum (Spring Fertility Festival; China; Everyday Wicca)

Luigi the Ice Cream Wolf (Muppetism)

Luke the Younger (Christian; Saint)

Mel (Christian; Saint) [Ireland]

Moses, bishop (Christian; Saint)

Pius IX, Pope (Christian; Blessed)

Richard the Pilgrim (a.k.a. Richard, King of the West Saxons; Christian; Saint)

Romualdo, founder of the Order of Camaldoli (Christian; Saint)

Russell Drysdale (Artology)

Sinclair Lewis (Writerism)

Theodore of Heraclea (Christian; Martyr)

Theodorus (a.k.a. Stratilates; Christian; Saint)

Tresain of Ireland (Christian; Saint)

Wilhelm Freddie (Artology)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Perilous Day (13th Century England) [9 of 32]

Sakimake (先負 Japan) [Bad luck in the morning, good luck in the afternoon.]

Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 6 of 60)

Unfortunate Day (Pagan) [9 of 57]

Premieres

Adrift in the Mist or Fog Groggy (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S1, Ep. 22; 1960)

Birds of Prey (Film; 2020)

Blazing Saddles (Film; 1974)

Bored of the Rings, by Henry Beard and Douglas Kenney (Parody; 1969)

Breathless (Film; 1961)

Cat Alarm (Mighty Mouse Cartoon; 1961)

A Clean Shaven Man (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1936)

The Color Purple (Film; 1986)

Der Schauspieldirektor (The Impresario), by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Comic Singspiel; 1786)

The Earl and the Squirrel or The March of Crime (Rocky & Bullwinkle Cartoon, S1, Ep. 21; 1960)

Elvis and Me (TV Mini-Series; 1981)

Felix the Cat in “The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg” (Rainbow Parade Cartoon; 1936)

Hannah and Her Sisters (Film; 1986)

Home Town Olympics, featuring Farmer Al Falfa (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1936)

How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (Film; 2003)

The Incredible, Indelible, Magical, Physical Mystery Trip (DePatie-Freleng Animated TV Special;; 1973)

I Want to Eat Your Pancreas (Anime Film; 2019)

I Yabba-Dabba Do! (Hanna-Barbera Animated TV Special; 1993)

Justice League Dark (WB Animated Film; 2017)

Lady Jane (Film; 1986)

Legion of Super-Heroes (WB Animated Film; 2023)

The Lego Movie (Animated Film; 2014)

Letterkenny (TV Series; 2016)

The Little Theatre (Phantasies Cartoon; 1941)

Locke & Key (TV Series; 2020)

London Derriere (The Inspector Cartoon; 1968)

Man Hunt (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1938)

Manufacturing Consent, by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman (Book; 1988)

Mickey’s Birthday Party (Disney Cartoon; 1940)

Mississippi Swing (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1941)

The Monuments Men (Film; 2014)

Norse Mythology, by Neil Gaiman (Stories; 2017)

Orpheus in the Underworld, by Jacques Offenbach (4-Act Opera; 1874)

Pinball Wizard, recorded by The Who (Song; 1969)

Pinocchio (Animated Disney Film; 1940)

Please Please Me, by The Beatles (Song; 1963)

Quiet! Pleeze (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1941)

Sheep Wrecked (MGM Droopy Cartoon; 1958)

Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, by Ernst F. Schumacher (Philosophy Book; 1973)

The Spider Talks (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1932)

Tales of Ordinary Madness, by Charles Bukowski (Short Stories; 1983)

Taxi Driver (Film; 1976)

Teacher’s Pet (Betty Boop Cartoon; 1931)

Train To Pakistan, by Khushwant Singh (Novel; 1956)

Troilus and Cressida, by William Shakespeare (Play; 1603)

Today’s Name Days

Ava, Richard (Austria)

Držislav, Julijana, Maksim, Rikard (Croatia)

Veronika (Czech Republic)

Richard (Denmark)

Richard, Riho, Riko, Riku (Estonia)

Rikhard, Riku (Finland)

Eugénie (France)

Ava, Richard, Ronan (Germany)

Parthenios, Parthenis (Greece)

Rómeó, Tódor (Hungary)

Eugenia, Teodoro (Italy)

Daunis, Nelda, Richards, Rihards (Latvia)

Jomantė, Ričardas, Romualdas, Vildaugas (Lithuania)

Riborg, Rigmor, Rikard (Norway)

Romuald, Ryszard, Sulisław (Poland)

Partenie (Romania)

Vanda (Slovakia)

Ricardo (Spain)

Dick, Rikard (Sweden)

Teofil, Teofila (Ukraine)

Beau, Beaumont, Beverly, Bo, Boe, Jace, Jacey, Sinclair (USA)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 38 of 2024; 328 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 3 of week 6 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Luis (Rowan) [Day 18 of 28]

Chinese: Month 12 (Yi-Chou), Day 28 (Xin-Chou)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 28 Shevat 5784

Islamic: 27 Rajab 1445

J Cal: 8 Grey; Onesday [8 of 30]

Julian: 25 January 2024

Moon: 7%: Waning Crescent

Positivist: 10 Homer (2nd Month) [Ictinus)

Runic Half Month: Elhaz (Elk) [Day 14 of 15]

Season: Winter (Day 49 of 89)

Zodiac: Capricorn (Day 17 of 28)

[josefavomjaaga]

Letter from Duroc to Eugène about events in Spain

Apologies, I’m lazy. This letter is a bit shorter than the one from 1805 that I actually wanted to translate. I’ll do this one first.

Historical context: This letter is written from Spain, a couple of weeks after the Spanish Bourbon double abdication at Bayonne and the Dos de Mayo uprisings. Joseph has already been made king of Spain, Murat king of Naples. For the moment, everything seems fine. Several marshals and generals, Soult among them, are still in Germany, administering the occupied Prussian provinces.

[Probably Marrac, ca. 17 – 21 July 1808] Monseigneur, the Emperor is about to leave on a tour of Pau, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Rochefort, Nantes, Angers, Tours and Blois and if from there or on the way we are not recalled by the affairs of Spain, we can go hunting in Rambouillet or else we will return to Marrac.

The Empress is going to take the waters at Barège, and there has been fighting in Spain. Bessières, with 15,000 men against 35,000, had what can be called a battle and cut to pieces 35,000 men, half peasants, half troops of the line, from the garrisons of Galicia and Asturias. This was a very fortunate event because the forces gathered in the kingdom of Leon were at a point that was essential for army communications and for interesting outposts. Marshal Moncey, after defeating the insurgents in Valencia, has taken up a position closer to Madrid to obtain all that he needs from it.

Madrid is very quiet and the King will soon arrive there. The Grand Duke of Berg - King of Naples - is recovering at the spa. The Grand Duchess has gone to Paris from where she will set off for her kingdom. She is uncertain whether she will pass through Milan. It has occurred to me that there has been a lot of talk about you here and that the Emperor has expressed his satisfaction with you and the hopes he has placed in you. He made no secret of the fact that if circumstances forced him one day to return to the head of the armies, he would take you as his lieutenant in the same way as the Grand Duke. I'm sure that now you'll be making all sorts of wishes for war.

I thought you would be very pleased to know this and I am very happy to know it too. Please accept, Monseigneur, the assurance of my respect and attachment. Le duc de Frioul

[P.S.:] General Sorbier hopes to have returned to favour and to be able to continue as your aide-de-camp. He was very sad to think that he would have to give that up.

-

Events indeed soon would have recalled Napoleon to Spain, with the defeats of Baylén and Vimeiro and Joseph being chased from his throne. Except he didn’t go there because he chose to meet Alexander in Erfurt first and to let Joseph hang a little longer. He will only return late in the year.

Of course Duroc will praise Bessières’s victory to best buddy Eugène. 😁

There is indeed some indication that Eugène’s name was floated around during the discussion in Bayonne, at least such rumours were mentioned in newspapers. This may have been only to distract from Napoleon’s true plans, however. As far as I am aware, he only offered the crown of Spain to his brothers Louis, Jérôme and possibly Lucien (?) before giving it to Joseph and letting Murat choose between Portugal and Naples.

However, there must have been an earlier letter from Duroc to Eugène that is now lost, hinting at Eugène possibly being a candidate for the throne of Naples if Joseph left for Spain. We know this because Eugène, as a footnote states, mentions this letter from Duroc in a letter to his sister in June 1808. And his reaction to that veiled proposal was quite characteristic, too: Dieu me garde de cette galère! - God save me from this mess!

So, presumably, Eugène for once was grateful to Murat for picking Naples as his kingdom.

The passage in which Duroc gossips about Napoleon being satisfied with Eugène’s work reminds me a bit of the brief congratulation to Murat that I posted earlier. Napoleon was not in the habit of praising people to their face, so Duroc made sure they knew that the emperor thought they had done well.

General Sorbier by the way had been Eugène’s aide de camp since 1807 but had then received a promotion and had to move on to take a command in the army of Portugal. I’m not sure why he would have been in disgrace, maybe that’s just a figure of speech. In any case, he did return to Eugène’s side as his ADC, only to get mortally wounded during the battle of Caldiero in 1809. There’s a letter from Eugène to his wife mention that "poor Sorbier has been seriously wounded". Sorbier was transported back to Verona but died of his wounds some time later.

[flavor-aid-sekt]

Praça do Comércio Lisbon

28.02.2023

It is a shopping plaza in the center, on the banks of the Tagus River. From the exit of one street you can see the triumphal arch of the Arco da Rua Augusta, and in the middle is the container of King Joseph I the Reformer. At one time, before the devastating earthquake, there was a palace here, which was the seat of the kings of Portugal. In the square, the Cais das Colunas waterfront is very charming. Not far from the square, there are plenty of good restaurants and cafes. Being in Lisbon, you have to go to the center and walk around here. There are a lot of people here and it's best to come in the morning, then it's a little less crowded.  

[sasa-chans-random-history]

January 07

[1528] Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (1555-72), mother of French King Henry IV.

[1768] Joseph Bonaparte, French King of Naples and Spain, brother of Napoleon, born in Corte, Corsica.

[1796] Charlotte Augusta of Wales, British Princess and only legitimate grandchild of King George III, born in London.

[1845] Ludwig III, last King of Bavaria (1913-18), born in Munich, Bavaria.

[1926] Joe Marston, Australian football defender, born in Leichhardt, New South Wales, Australia.

[1929] Mario Bergamaschi, Italian football midfielder, born in Crema, Italy.

[1939] Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark, born in Rome, Kingdom of Italy.

[1964] Nicolas Cage, American actor, born in Long Beach, California.

[1970] João Ricardo, Angolan football goalkeeper, born in Luanda, Angola.

[1971] Jeremy Renner, American actor, born in Modesto, California.

[1977] Dustin Diamond, American actor and stand-up comedian, born in San Jose, California.

[1982] Lauren Cohan, British-American actress, born in Cherry Hill, New Jersey.

[1983] Brett Dalton, American actor, born in San Jose, California.

[1986] Grant Leadbitter, English football midfielder, born in Chester-le-Street, United Kingdom.

[1987] Davide Astori, Italian football central defender, born in San Giovanni Bianco, Italy.

[1989] Emiliano Insúa, Argentine football left-back, born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

[1991] Eden Hazard, Belgian football winger or attacking midfielder, born in La Louvière, Belgium.

[2012] Blue Ivy Carter, American daughter of Beyoncé and Jay-Z, born in New York City, New York.

[312] Lucian of Antioch, theologist and martyr, dies from torture and starvation at 72.

[1285] Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples and Sicily (1266-85), brother of King Louis IX of France, dies at 58.

[1325] Denis of Portugal, King of Portugal (1279-1325), dies at 63.

[1355] Inês de Castro, Galician noblewoman, lover and posthumously-recognized wife of King Peter I of Portugal, is murdered in the orders of King Afonso IV at 29 or 30.

[1536] Catherine of Aragon, 1st wife of King Henry VIII, mother of Queen Mary 1, dies at 50.

[1695] Mary II, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, wife of King William III, dies of smallpox at 32 (OS=Dec. 28, 1694).

[1743] Anne Sophie von Reventlow, Queen of Denmark and Norway (1721-30), dies at 49.

[1830] Infanta Carlota Joaquina, daughter of King Charles IV of Spain and wife of King John VI of Portugal, dies at 53.

[1890] Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, wife of German Emperor William I, dies at 78.

[1922] Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana'ole, Prince of the Kingdom of Hawaii, dies at 50.

[1943] Nikola Tesla, Serbian-American physicist,electrical engineer and inventor who developed alternating current and the Tesla Coil, dies at 86.

[1989] Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), 124th Emperor of Japan (1926-89), dies at 87 after a 62-year reign.

[2020] Khamis Al-Owairan, Saudi Arabian football midfielder, dies from cancer at 46.

[venicepearl]

Mariana Victoria of Spain (31 March 1718 – 15 January 1781) was an Infanta of Spain by birth and was later the Queen of Portugal as wife of King Joseph I. She acted as regent of Portugal in 1776–1777, during the last months of her husband's life and as advisor to her daughter, Maria I of Portugal, in her reign.

Mariana Victoria of Spain