#khan tervel

[atisundaridarshanparadise]

Lawrence Dundas, Knight Tervel Maxuelle Kamenov Elohim"

Patreon.com/GodElohimArchangel Ati Sundari Darshyan Paradaiza

[iho6hi2]

I know nothing about bulgarian history but favourite bulgarian kings?

EZ

1. khan Avitohol. The man, the myth, the legend. The OG. Apparently a doe took care of him and raised him as her own when he was a baby (or not. We don't know)

2. khan Kubrat. He tried to tell em 🤷‍♂️🤷‍♂️ Laid down the foundations

3. khan Tervel. Prosperity + always helped the Byzantinians out when they needed it + he saved Europe (no... literally)

4. khan Krum. If standing on business was a person. Made a cup out of his opp's skull after getting his revenge and started crazy riots in Byzantine with his warriors whenever the emperor was on bullshit. Threatened to amputate you if you stole and if you made fun of a broke person? He took everything you had so you can experience poverty yourself. Black air force energy.

5. tzar Simeon Veliki. If standing on business was a person pt2. He is renowned by historians (not just bulgarian ones) as the first one with the ambitions to take over Byzantine. No one else before him had planned and tried so much to dethrone the Byzantinian emperor. Expaned the territory and financed the education. Apparently Preslav (the capital at the time) was extremely beautiful because Simeon wanted to compete and surpass Byzantine + he doxxed someone. Certified hater and we love him for that!!

6. tzar Ioan Asen. He was (according to historians) very impulsive and quick to jump the gun. While his brother Petur took care of the politics, he was in charge of the "military"

7. tzar Kaloyan. Took back Varna and buried the Byzantinians alive (ON EASTER MIND YOU) and earned himself the nickname "Romanslayer"

8. tzar Ioan Aleksandur. DID A LOT OF SHIT JUST TO LIVE THIS HERE MY LIFESTYLEEE

[meandrose]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[fashioninbg]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[religionistanbul]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[alllifebg]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[elenabga]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[fashionringsbg]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[clothdesignbg]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[streetofistanbul]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[mirelaistanbul]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.

[atisundaridarshanparadise]

Strasbourg Aachen Franciscus Cathedral 🦄🦇🦤🪽

[travlestyes]

KAZANLUK THRACIAN TOMB

A unique monument of ancient Thracian art. It is thought that in the 4th century a prominent but now unknown Thracian

chieftain was buried in the tomb, which consists of an antechamber, stone corridor and a domed chamber. The exceptional frescoes on the walls, ceiling, corridor walls and on the dome make this monument truly unique. It has been placed under the protection of UNESCO.

MADARA HORSEMAN

A fine bas relief, carved at a height of 23 m in the rocks of the ancient Madara Fortress, near the town of Shoumen. The talented master from the period of the First Bulgarian Kingdom has created a true masterpiece, representing a horseman holding the bridles of the horse in one hand and a lance in the other, stuck into the back of a dying lioness . This scene most probably depicts some victory of one of the Khans Tervel, Kor- misosh or Omourtag.

PLISKA AND PRESLAV

Six km from Madara, near the town of Shoumen, lie the ruins of Pliska – the first capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom private tour guide ephesus.

These ruins show that the first Bulgarian capital was protected by a double line of fortifications – an earth embankment with a moat on the outside and an 8-foot stone wall on the inside. In turn, the wall was protected by round and pentagonal turret-battlements, with which the city gates, too, were equipped. The streets all led to the centre, where ruins of the palace, the throne hall and other buildings (temples, feudal residences, etc) were uncovered. In the outer town lying between the two fortification systems, were the barracks, workshops, stables and probably also the wooden dwellings of soldiers and commoners. The first constructions in Pliska date back to the late 7th century, while the palaces are presumed to have been built under the reign of Omourtag (816-831). Various objects, ornaments, weapons and the like, which are on exhibit in the small museum, give an idea of the mode of life in those days. A special lapidarium has been built during the excavation work.

Bulgaria’s second capital, Preslav (893-972), is associated with the Golden Age of Bulgaria and hence is much more sumptuous and brilliant than the more primitive Pliska.

Preslav — 19 km south of Shoumen, founded by Khan Omourtag, it rapidly surpassed the glory of Pliska. This much can be deduced from the remaining ruins (in the course of their invasions the Turks destroyed Preslav down to its foundations), as well as from the chronicles of its contemporary Yoan Exarch (John the Exarch), one of the first Bulgarian writers. Not far from the old Preslav are the remains of Patleina Monastery, where the Bulgarian Prince Boris I spent his last days. King Simeon made it his shining capital, a fact which is revealed by the preserved foundations of the royal palace and the so-called Golden Church, decorated with marble and gaily-coloured ceramics, the work of Preslav masters. Very interesting and valuable exhibits are displayed in the halls of the Archaeological Museum.

[travelsinn]

KAZANLUK THRACIAN TOMB

A unique monument of ancient Thracian art. It is thought that in the 4th century a prominent but now unknown Thracian

chieftain was buried in the tomb, which consists of an antechamber, stone corridor and a domed chamber. The exceptional frescoes on the walls, ceiling, corridor walls and on the dome make this monument truly unique. It has been placed under the protection of UNESCO.

MADARA HORSEMAN

A fine bas relief, carved at a height of 23 m in the rocks of the ancient Madara Fortress, near the town of Shoumen. The talented master from the period of the First Bulgarian Kingdom has created a true masterpiece, representing a horseman holding the bridles of the horse in one hand and a lance in the other, stuck into the back of a dying lioness . This scene most probably depicts some victory of one of the Khans Tervel, Kor- misosh or Omourtag.

PLISKA AND PRESLAV

Six km from Madara, near the town of Shoumen, lie the ruins of Pliska – the first capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom private tour guide ephesus.

These ruins show that the first Bulgarian capital was protected by a double line of fortifications – an earth embankment with a moat on the outside and an 8-foot stone wall on the inside. In turn, the wall was protected by round and pentagonal turret-battlements, with which the city gates, too, were equipped. The streets all led to the centre, where ruins of the palace, the throne hall and other buildings (temples, feudal residences, etc) were uncovered. In the outer town lying between the two fortification systems, were the barracks, workshops, stables and probably also the wooden dwellings of soldiers and commoners. The first constructions in Pliska date back to the late 7th century, while the palaces are presumed to have been built under the reign of Omourtag (816-831). Various objects, ornaments, weapons and the like, which are on exhibit in the small museum, give an idea of the mode of life in those days. A special lapidarium has been built during the excavation work.

Bulgaria’s second capital, Preslav (893-972), is associated with the Golden Age of Bulgaria and hence is much more sumptuous and brilliant than the more primitive Pliska.

Preslav — 19 km south of Shoumen, founded by Khan Omourtag, it rapidly surpassed the glory of Pliska. This much can be deduced from the remaining ruins (in the course of their invasions the Turks destroyed Preslav down to its foundations), as well as from the chronicles of its contemporary Yoan Exarch (John the Exarch), one of the first Bulgarian writers. Not far from the old Preslav are the remains of Patleina Monastery, where the Bulgarian Prince Boris I spent his last days. King Simeon made it his shining capital, a fact which is revealed by the preserved foundations of the royal palace and the so-called Golden Church, decorated with marble and gaily-coloured ceramics, the work of Preslav masters. Very interesting and valuable exhibits are displayed in the halls of the Archaeological Museum.

[bgineurope]

KAZANLUK THRACIAN TOMB

A unique monument of ancient Thracian art. It is thought that in the 4th century a prominent but now unknown Thracian

chieftain was buried in the tomb, which consists of an antechamber, stone corridor and a domed chamber. The exceptional frescoes on the walls, ceiling, corridor walls and on the dome make this monument truly unique. It has been placed under the protection of UNESCO.

MADARA HORSEMAN

A fine bas relief, carved at a height of 23 m in the rocks of the ancient Madara Fortress, near the town of Shoumen. The talented master from the period of the First Bulgarian Kingdom has created a true masterpiece, representing a horseman holding the bridles of the horse in one hand and a lance in the other, stuck into the back of a dying lioness . This scene most probably depicts some victory of one of the Khans Tervel, Kor- misosh or Omourtag.

PLISKA AND PRESLAV

Six km from Madara, near the town of Shoumen, lie the ruins of Pliska – the first capital of the First Bulgarian Kingdom private tour guide ephesus.

These ruins show that the first Bulgarian capital was protected by a double line of fortifications – an earth embankment with a moat on the outside and an 8-foot stone wall on the inside. In turn, the wall was protected by round and pentagonal turret-battlements, with which the city gates, too, were equipped. The streets all led to the centre, where ruins of the palace, the throne hall and other buildings (temples, feudal residences, etc) were uncovered. In the outer town lying between the two fortification systems, were the barracks, workshops, stables and probably also the wooden dwellings of soldiers and commoners. The first constructions in Pliska date back to the late 7th century, while the palaces are presumed to have been built under the reign of Omourtag (816-831). Various objects, ornaments, weapons and the like, which are on exhibit in the small museum, give an idea of the mode of life in those days. A special lapidarium has been built during the excavation work.

Bulgaria’s second capital, Preslav (893-972), is associated with the Golden Age of Bulgaria and hence is much more sumptuous and brilliant than the more primitive Pliska.

Preslav — 19 km south of Shoumen, founded by Khan Omourtag, it rapidly surpassed the glory of Pliska. This much can be deduced from the remaining ruins (in the course of their invasions the Turks destroyed Preslav down to its foundations), as well as from the chronicles of its contemporary Yoan Exarch (John the Exarch), one of the first Bulgarian writers. Not far from the old Preslav are the remains of Patleina Monastery, where the Bulgarian Prince Boris I spent his last days. King Simeon made it his shining capital, a fact which is revealed by the preserved foundations of the royal palace and the so-called Golden Church, decorated with marble and gaily-coloured ceramics, the work of Preslav masters. Very interesting and valuable exhibits are displayed in the halls of the Archaeological Museum.

[religionistanbul]

The First Bulgarian Kingdom

The First Bulgarian Kingdom: 681-1018

First steps

When in 680 the Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV Pogonate set out on a long march by both land and sea against the horde of Khan Asparuh, which had settled at the Ongle, he was probably not expecting the forthcoming utter defeat. But the danger of being subjugated by Byzantium made Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians join their efforts. Asparuh made an alliance with the neighbouring Slavic tribes and in an area close to the old Greek city of Odessos (or today’s Varna) was born the First Bulgarian Kingdom. At that time – along with the Byzantines at the passes in the Eastern Balkan Range – the Avars were a real danger from the west and the Hazars were pressing from the southeast. ..

After several successful raids of Khan Asparuh’s horsemen in Thrace Emperor Constantine finally made a peace treaty with him in 681 and this year is regarded as inceptive for the First Bulgarian Kingdom. This was the first Slavic state formation, the first medieval state in Central and Eastern Europe and, of course, one of the oldest states in Europe ever. Even though they were fewer in number and later on they were assimilated by the vast Slavic mass Tour Packages Bulgaria, the Proto-Bulgarians actually played a rather significant role in the new state for a long time – occupying most of the leading military and administrative positions. As a first capital city of the new state was chosen a place in the northeastern part of today’s Bulgaria and named PIiska.

Asparuh met his death in a battle with the Hazars in 700 and his son Tervel (700-718) took over. He succeeded to gain recognition from Byzantium and made the first territorial expansion of his state to the south-east. Some years later the Bulgarian army put Constantinople under siege. But then had to drive back the Arabs who were also attacking the Byzantine capital and that is considered to be the first defeat of Arabian forces on European land…

Khan Tervel’s death brought a political crisis in the state that lasted for some decades.

It was Telerig (768—777) who succeeded in achieving some stability. But then the turmoil was ultimately done away with by Khan Kardam (777- 802) who defeated the Byzantine army, signed a peace treaty with Constantine VI and added the south-western lands along the river Struma to his state.