#java is the only valid jvm language

[forever-stuck-on-java-8]

🚨 Attention Devs! 🚨

STOP trying to convert legacy Java codebases to Kotlin, just STOP.

It's always half-baked and causes issues for everything else. and NO, KOTLIN is NOT 100% JAVA COMPATIBLE. It works most of the time UNTIL IT DOESN'T.

btw it also doubles my build time which is super annoying

[mohalicareerpoint12]

Best Java Training Institute in Mohali: A Complete Guide

In today's fast-paced technology world, mastering Java programming is a highly sought-after skill. Java is a versatile, platform-independent language used by companies across the globe for building websites, mobile apps, and enterprise solutions. If you're based in Mohali and looking to kickstart your career as a Java developer or enhance your programming skills, enrolling in a reputable Java training institute is the first step toward success.

This blog aims to provide a comprehensive guide on finding the best Java training institute in Mohali, the key factors to consider, and why learning Java is essential for your career growth.

Why Learn Java?

Before diving into the details of the best institutes, let’s understand why learning Java is a valuable investment in your career:

1. High Demand in the Job Market

Java is widely used in various industries, from software development to financial services, web applications, and mobile apps. Many companies rely on Java to build secure, robust, and scalable systems, making Java developers in high demand.

2. Versatility and Flexibility

Java is not only used for desktop applications but also in Android development, cloud computing, and big data technologies. Its versatility opens many career opportunities in different domains.

3. Platform-Independent Language

One of the biggest advantages of Java is its "write once, run anywhere" capability. Java programs can run on any system with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), making it platform-independent and flexible.

4. Strong Community Support

Java has a huge developer community that continually improves the language. The availability of free resources, libraries, and frameworks ensures constant growth and development in the Java ecosystem.

5. Foundation for Advanced Technologies

Learning Java provides a strong foundation for understanding more complex programming languages and technologies, such as Spring Framework, Hibernate, and even Kotlin for Android development.

Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a Java Training Institute

Choosing the right Java training institute in Mohali is essential for mastering the language and gaining real-world skills. Here are some key factors you should look for:

1. Experienced Trainers

The quality of instruction is critical when learning Java. Look for institutes that have highly qualified and experienced trainers who have hands-on experience in Java development. Industry professionals with practical knowledge can provide you with better guidance and insights.

2. Course Curriculum

The course content should cover all aspects of Java, from core Java to advanced concepts like multithreading, collections framework, JavaFX, Java Servlets, JSP, and Spring Framework. Make sure the institute offers a well-structured curriculum that includes the latest Java technologies and trends.

3. Hands-On Practice and Projects

Learning to code is best done through hands-on experience. The institute you choose should provide real-time projects and practical assignments. This ensures that you can apply the concepts you learn in real-world situations, preparing you for job roles.

4. Certifications

Make sure the institute provides certifications upon completion of the course. These certifications can be a valuable asset when applying for jobs, as they validate your skills and knowledge of Java.

5. Placement Assistance

Institutes that offer placement support can help you secure a job after completing the course. Look for institutes that have strong ties with companies and provide job placement services, including resume building, interview preparation, and job search assistance.

6. Class Timings and Flexibility

If you're working or attending college, you’ll need flexible batch timings. Many institutes in Mohali offer weekend or evening batches, making it easier to manage your schedule while learning Java.

7. Student Reviews and Reputation

Before enrolling in any institute, check their student reviews and reputation. Online testimonials and feedback from past students can give you insights into the quality of teaching, infrastructure, and placement success rates.

Best Java Training Institutes in Mohali

Now that you know what to look for, here’s a list of the best Java training institutes in Mohali that offer comprehensive Java courses and have earned a solid reputation in the industry.

1. Mohali Career Point

Mohali Career Point is one of the most well-known institutes in Mohali, offering top-notch training in Core Java and Advanced Java. Their experienced trainers provide a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience. The institute offers industry-oriented Java training, focusing on real-world projects, and provides placement assistance to help students find jobs after course completion.

Highlights:

Courses in Core and Advanced Java

Hands-on experience with real-time projects

Placement support for job seekers

Affordable fees and flexible timings

2. CBitss Technologies

CBitss Technologies is another popular Java training institute in Mohali, providing students with advanced learning techniques and practical training in Java programming. The institute offers a well-structured curriculum that covers Java basics, OOP concepts, J2EE, and more. They also offer placement assistance and certification upon completion of the course.

Highlights:

Focus on both Core and Advanced Java

Expert trainers with industry experience

Flexible batch timings for working professionals and students

Placement assistance and certification

3. ThinkNEXT Technologies

ThinkNEXT Technologies is known for its career-focused Java training programs. They provide an in-depth learning experience in both Core Java and Advanced Java, including JSP, Servlets, and Spring Framework. ThinkNEXT focuses on delivering practical training with real-time projects, ensuring students have the confidence to tackle Java development jobs.

Highlights:

Hands-on training with live projects

Certified trainers and mentors

Job-oriented course curriculum

Placement support with strong industry connections

4. APTECH Computer Education

APTECH Computer Education offers a comprehensive Java training program in Mohali that covers all key aspects of Java programming. Their curriculum is designed for both beginners and professionals, offering deep insights into Core Java, Advanced Java, and web development with Java. APTECH has a proven track record of helping students land jobs in top tech companies.

Highlights:

Industry-recognized certification

Experienced faculty with hands-on teaching methods

Internship opportunities and job placement services

Weekend and evening batches available

5. NIIT Mohali

NIIT is a globally recognized name in IT education, and their Mohali branch offers one of the best Java training programs in the region. NIIT’s courses focus on providing in-depth knowledge of Java, covering everything from Java fundamentals to advanced technologies like Spring Boot, Hibernate, and RESTful APIs.

Highlights:

Comprehensive Java training with industry-relevant projects

Expert trainers and well-equipped labs

Certification upon course completion

Strong focus on placement services

Conclusion

Choosing the best Java training institute in Mohali can set you on the path to a successful career in software development. With Java's versatility and high demand across industries, mastering this programming language opens doors to various job roles like Java Developer, Software Engineer, Web Developer, and more.

Look for institutes that offer hands-on training, a structured curriculum, and placement assistance to ensure you get the best learning experience. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced professional looking to upgrade your skills, these institutes in Mohali can help you achieve your career goals in Java programming.

[datavalleyai]

30 Java Full Stack Developer interview questions for Freshers

Are you an aspiring programmer seeking to start a professional journey as a Java Full Stack Developer? As you venture into the realm of web and software development, it is essential to equip yourself with the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively tackle the forthcoming challenges. Getting your first job as a Full Stack Developer is a big achievement, and to assist you, we have created a list of 30 Java Full Stack Developer interview questions specifically designed for beginners.

1. What is Java Full Stack Development?

Java Full Stack Development refers to the development of web applications using both front-end and back-end technologies, with Java as the primary programming language.

2. Explain the difference between front-end and back-end development.

Front-end development focuses on the user interface and client-side functionality, while back-end development deals with server-side logic and database interactions.

3. What are the key components of a typical web application stack?

A typical web application stack consists of a front-end framework (e.g., React, Angular), a back-end server (e.g., Spring Boot), and a database (e.g., MySQL).

4. What is Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and why is it important in Java development?

JVM is an essential part of Java that interprets Java bytecode and allows cross-platform compatibility. It plays a crucial role in running Java applications.

5. What is a servlet, and how does it relate to Java web development?

A servlet is a Java class used to extend the capabilities of servers and provide dynamic content. It is commonly used in Java web development to handle HTTP requests and responses.

6. Explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.

MVC is an architectural pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components: Model (data), View (user interface), and Controller (handles user input and updates the model and view).

7. What is Spring Framework, and how does it simplify Java development?

Spring is a popular Java framework that simplifies Java development by providing features like dependency injection, AOP, and MVC for building scalable and maintainable applications.

8. Describe RESTful web services and their importance in Java development.

RESTful web services are a way to build lightweight and scalable APIs using HTTP methods. They are essential for building modern web applications in Java.

9. What is Hibernate, and how does it relate to database interaction in Java?

Hibernate is an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) framework that simplifies database interaction in Java by mapping Java objects to database tables.

10. Explain the concept of dependency injection in Spring.

Dependency injection is a design pattern used in Spring to manage component dependencies. It allows for loosely coupled and easily testable code by injecting dependencies rather than creating them.

11. What is a singleton pattern, and why is it relevant in Java development?

The singleton pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to that instance. It’s used to manage resources like database connections efficiently.

12. What is the difference between GET and POST HTTP methods?

GET is used for retrieving data from the server, while POST is used for sending data to the server for processing or storage.

13. What is SQL injection, and how can it be prevented in Java applications?

SQL injection is a security vulnerability where malicious SQL code is injected into user inputs. To prevent it, use parameterized queries and input validation.

14. Explain the purpose of a web container in Java EE applications.

A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets and JSP pages in Java EE applications. (e.g., Tomcat)

15. What is a session in web applications, and how is it managed in Java?

A session is a mechanism to maintain user-specific data across multiple HTTP requests. In Java, sessions can be managed using cookies or URL rewriting.

16. What is the difference between forward and sendRedirect in servlets?

forward is used to forward the request and response objects to another resource within the same server, while sendRedirect sends a response with a new URL, causing a new request.

17. Explain the purpose of the @RequestMapping annotation in Spring MVC.

@RequestMapping is used to map a URL request to a specific controller method in Spring MVC, allowing for proper routing of requests.

18. What is a RESTful API endpoint, and how is it structured?

A RESTful API endpoint is a URL pattern that represents a resource and its actions. It typically follows a structured format, such as /resource/{id}.

19. What is CORS, and why is it important in web development?

CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) is a security feature that allows or restricts web pages in one domain from making requests to a different domain. It’s essential for security in web development.

20. What is the purpose of the web.xml file in Java web applications?

The web.xml file is a configuration file in Java web applications that defines servlets, filters, and their mappings, among other things.

21. Explain the concept of microservices and their advantages.

Microservices is an architectural style where an application is composed of small, independently deployable services. Advantages include scalability, maintainability, and flexibility.

22. What is Docker, and how does it facilitate deployment in Java development?

Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into containers for consistent and efficient deployment.

23. What is the purpose of a version control system like Git in software development?

Git is used for tracking changes in code, collaborating with others, and maintaining a history of code revisions, which is essential for code management and collaboration.

24. How does Maven help in managing project dependencies in Java?

Maven is a build automation tool that simplifies the process of managing project dependencies, building projects, and producing artifacts.

25. What is the purpose of JUnit in Java development, and how is it used for testing?

JUnit is a testing framework used for writing and executing unit tests in Java. It ensures that individual components of the code function correctly.

26. Explain the concept of continuous integration (CI) and continuous delivery (CD).

CI involves regularly merging code changes into a shared repository, while CD automates the process of deploying code changes to production, ensuring a streamlined development workflow.

27. What is the Spring Boot framework, and how does it simplify Java application development?

Spring Boot is a framework that simplifies the setup and configuration of Spring applications, allowing developers to quickly build production-ready applications with minimal effort.

28. What are the key principles of the SOLID design principles in Java development?

SOLID is an acronym representing five design principles: Single Responsibility, Open/Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface Segregation, and Dependency Inversion. These principles promote clean and maintainable code.

29. What is the purpose of the @Autowired annotation in Spring?

@Autowired is used for automatic dependency injection in Spring, allowing Spring to automatically resolve and inject dependencies into a class.

30. How can you secure a Java web application against common security threats?

Secure a Java web application by implementing proper authentication, authorization, input validation, using encryption, and regularly updating dependencies to patch vulnerabilities.

[namevision04-blog]

Archive Of All Articles Identified With Java.

Ninja Training For Software Program Testers.

#toc background: #f9f9f9;border: 1px solid #aaa;display: table;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 1em;width: 350px; .toctitle font-weight: 700;text-align: center;

Content

Qualified Software Program Examination Automation Designer.

Automation Testing Resources.

Examination Automation With Selenium Webdriver.

Leading Tips For Learning Java Programming.

Qualified Software Examination Automation Architect.

How many days will it take to learn Java?

Bottom line -- beyond the most elementary, the math you need will come from the problem domain you're programming in. NONE of that needs to be a barrier to learning Java development. If you can learn Java, you can probably learn more math if you need it -- just don't try to do both at the same time.

Nevertheless this is inhibited, as well as making use of one browser per node is thought about finest technique for optimal efficiency. You can then utilize the TestNG collection to run your tests on several nodes in parallel customarily. The easiest means to use these in a regional Selenium Grid is to build a Docker Compose file within the origin directory of your project. Name the data docker-compose. yml to keep points easy.

Java 7 can be mounted on Lion and also Mountain Lion to run applets. Lion and also Hill can have both Java 6 as well as Java 7 set up concurrently.

And also, there will be far better assistance for Docker, parallel testing will be consisted of natively, and it will offer a more insightful UI. Request tracing with Hooks will also aid you to debug your grid. As any type of examination automation engineer understands, waits are important to the security of your test automation framework. They can additionally quicken your test by making any sleeps or pauses redundant as well as get rid of slow network and cross-browser concerns.

Automation Testing Resources.

Nevertheless, as these are commonly utilized to produce screenshots of a single element, it deserves recognizing that there will certainly also be an API command to record a screenshot of a component in Selenium 4. The Selenium Grid will certainly be extra steady as well as easier to set up and also take care of in Selenium 4. Individuals will certainly no longer need to establish as well as start nodes and hubs individually as the grid will work as a mixed node and hub.

To get up as well as running, initially you require to have Docker as well as Docker Compose installed on your device. They will both be set up with the Docker Desktop if you're running Windows 10 or a Mac. Selenium Grid is infamously difficult to establish, unsteady, and also difficult to either release, or version control, on a CI pipeline. A much easier, secure and also maintainable way is to utilize the pre-built Selenium Docker pictures. This is essential to ensuring the continued widespread adoption of their framework within their firm.

Generally, puffed up, bekijk volledige prijzen befall of fashion rapidly. He started at IBM, relocated to EADS, then Fujitsu, and now runs his own company.

Below are some suggestions to make your waits a lot more resistant. To create a stable variation of the Grid for your CI pipeline, it's additionally possible to release your Grid onto Kubernetes or Throng. If they do fall short, this guarantees that any Dockers are rapidly restored or replaced. It's worth keeping in mind that it is feasible to have multiple browsers operating on each node.

Test Automation With Selenium Webdriver.

I utilize TestNG as it's especially developed for Approval Tests, while structures such as JUnit are typically made use of for device testing.

Another wonderful structure that is well worth exploring is Spock as it's easy and extremely expressive to check out.

I would certainly additionally recommend setting a day to do this at the very least yearly, although ideally it would be every six months.

Google's Reality assertion collection is likewise a terrific method to compose legible examinations.

Check to guarantee that you have the suggested variation of Java installed for your operating system. I composed a book that gets testers began with Java quickly, is simple to adhere to, as well as has instances associated with their work. A driver.switchTo(). parentFrame() method has been added to make structure navigation simpler. WebElement.getSize() and also WebElement.getLocation() are currently replaced with a single method WebElement.getRect().

Apple did not create an Update 38 for the Mac, they maxed out at Update 37. On Windows, the Java runtime might or might not be pre-installed, the choice is left as much as the equipment manufacturer. A Java variation 6 runtime was pre-installed by Apple on OS X Leopard and also Snow Leopard, yet starting with Lion, Apple stopped pre-installing Java. Java 6 can be set up on Lion as well as Mountain Lion, however it will not run applets.

Top Tips For Understanding Java Shows.

You code as soon as, as well as the JVM does all the operate in making certain your awesome new programme runs efficiently on any platform, whether Windows, Mac, Linux or Android mobile. Java is one of the most preferred programming language in operation since it's the only language that functions throughout all computer system systems without needing to be recompiled each. Obtain your group access to 4,000+ leading Udemy programs anytime, anywhere.

Create A Junit Test Course

Check to make certain that you have the advised version of Java installed on your Windows computer and also identify any kind of variations that run out date and needs to be uninstalled. If Java is presently set up and enabled in your browser, we are unable to verify.

Java voor testers don't have to have experience of doing this as your understanding of the technology will certainly suffice (we'll help you with the remainder up until you depend on speed up). Mentor is our enthusiasm and we make every course so you can go back to square one, knowing nothing about a topic and also come to be a specialist after the program as well as can work with enterprise projects. You will get the best in class assistance from the trainer for any kind of concern you have associated with the training course.

Pointer # 3: Chrome Devtools: Mimicing Network Conditions

Where can I practice Java?

JavaScript can be used to do monotonous things like creating animation in HTML. In short, when it comes to how each programming language is used, Java is typically used for all server-side development, while creating client-side scripts for tasks such as JS validation and interactivity is reserved for.

Toptal handpicks leading Java designers to match your requirements. There's also an innovative side to the role as you will make training course web content as well as contribute suggestions for coding challenges for the students.

How can I learn Java for free?

Learning Java on your own doesn't have to be difficult; there are plenty of resources for independent study and practice. No matter your age or experience level, you will find plenty of websites that will give you hands-on experience and teach you how to program in Java.

[stockwire8-blog]

What Is Software Testing? Interpretation, Fundamentals & Kind

Ninja Training For Software Program Testers.

#toc background: #f9f9f9;border: 1px solid #aaa;display: table;margin-bottom: 1em;padding: 1em;width: 350px; .toctitle font-weight: 700;text-align: center;

Content

Certified Software Application Test Automation Designer.

Automation Testing Resources.

Test Automation With Selenium Webdriver.

Top Tips For Learning Java Programming.

Develop A Junit Examination Class

Certified Software Test Automation Designer.

How many days will it take to learn Java?

Bottom line -- beyond the most elementary, the math you need will come from the problem domain you're programming in. NONE of that needs to be a barrier to learning Java development. If you can learn Java, you can probably learn more math if you need it -- just don't try to do both at the same time.

Nonetheless this is dissuaded, as well as utilizing one web browser per node is taken into consideration best practice for optimum efficiency. You can after that make use of the TestNG library to run your examinations on multiple nodes in parallel customarily. The simplest means to use these in a local Selenium Grid is to build a Docker Compose documents within the root directory site of your project. Call the documents docker-compose. yml to maintain points easy.

Java 7 can be set up on Lion and Mountain Lion to run applets. Lion and also Mountain can have both Java 6 and also Java 7 set up simultaneously.

And also, there will be much better assistance for Docker, parallel testing will be included natively, and also it will certainly give a much more useful UI. Request mapping with Hooks will certainly likewise help you to debug your grid. As any kind of examination automation engineer knows, waits are crucial to the security of your examination automation structure. They can additionally speed up your examination by making any kind of sleeps or pauses repetitive as well as get rid of sluggish network and cross-browser concerns.

Automation Testing Resources.

Is Java a good career choice?

Similar to COBOL, thousands of critical enterprise systems have been written in Java and will need to be maintained and enhanced for decades to come. I'd be surprised if it's not around for at least another 15 years. But it will change, and is changing.

However, as these are often made use of to develop screenshots of a solitary component, it deserves knowing that there will certainly additionally be an API command to capture a screenshot of an aspect in Selenium 4. The Selenium Grid will certainly be more steady and also less complicated to establish and handle in Selenium 4. Users will no more require to set up as well as begin nodes and also centers separately as the grid will certainly function as a consolidated node as well as center.

To get up as well as running, initially you need to have Docker as well as Docker Compose installed on your maker. If you're running Windows 10 or a Mac, then they will both be installed through the Docker Desktop. Selenium Grid is notoriously hard to set up, unpredictable, and difficult to either release, or version control, on a CI pipe. A much easier, maintainable and also stable way is to use the pre-built Selenium Docker images. This is important to making certain the continued extensive adoption of their structure within their business.

As a whole, puffed up, obsolete structures fall out of style quickly. He started at IBM, relocated to EADS, then Fujitsu, and also currently runs his own company.

Below are some suggestions to make your waits a lot more resistant. To produce a steady variation of the Grid for your CI pipe, it's likewise possible to deploy your Grid onto Kubernetes or Swarm. If they do fail, this makes sure that any type of Dockers are promptly recovered or changed. It deserves keeping in mind that it is feasible to have multiple web browsers running on each node.

Examination Automation With Selenium Webdriver.

I utilize TestNG as it's specifically created for Acceptance Examinations, while structures such as JUnit are commonly utilized for system testing.

One more excellent structure that is well worth exploring is Spock as it's very easy as well as very meaningful to review.

I would certainly likewise recommend setting a day to do this a minimum of once a year, although ideally it would be every 6 months.

Rest will certainly always stop for a collection amount of time before carrying out some code, while wait will just stop briefly execution until an anticipated condition happens or it breaks, whichever comes first.

You ought to never make use of sleep in an examination automation framework as you want your examinations to run as quick as feasible.

Google's Truth assertion collection is additionally an excellent way to compose readable examinations.

Check to make certain that you have actually the recommended version of Java mounted for your os. I wrote a publication that gets testers started with Java fast, is simple to adhere to, as well as has instances connected to their job. A driver.switchTo(). parentFrame() technique has been included in make frame navigating much easier. WebElement.getSize() and WebElement.getLocation() are now replaced with a single method WebElement.getRect().

Apple did not produce an Update 38 for the Mac, they maxed out at Update 37. On Windows, the Java runtime may or may not be pre-installed, the decision is left approximately the hardware maker. A Java variation 6 runtime was pre-installed by Apple on OS X Leopard as well as Snow Leopard, but starting with Lion, Apple stopped pre-installing Java. Java 6 can be mounted on Lion as well as Hill Lion, but it will certainly not run applets.

Leading Tips For Learning Java Programs.

You code as soon as, and the JVM does all the operate in making certain your amazing brand-new programme runs efficiently on any type of platform, whether Windows, Mac, Linux or Android mobile. Java is one of the most prominent shows language in use given that it's the only language that works across all computer system systems without requiring to be recompiled each. Obtain opleiding tester to 4,000+ top Udemy courses anytime, anywhere.

Check to guarantee that you have the advised version of Java set up on your Windows computer system and recognize any type of variations that run out date and should be uninstalled. We are not able to validate if Java is currently mounted and enabled in your web browser.

You do not need to have experience of doing this as your expertise of the technology will certainly be enough (we'll help you with the rest till you're up to speed). Teaching is our enthusiasm and we develop every training course so you can go back to square one, understanding nothing regarding a subject as well as come to be a specialist after the program as well as can deal with enterprise projects. You will certainly obtain the best in course assistance from the instructor for any concern you have actually connected to the training course.

Suggestion # 3: Chrome Devtools: Replicating Network Conditions

Where can I practice Java?

JavaScript can be used to do monotonous things like creating animation in HTML. In short, when it comes to how each programming language is used, Java is typically used for all server-side development, while creating client-side scripts for tasks such as JS validation and interactivity is reserved for.

Toptal handpicks leading Java programmers to suit your requirements. There's likewise a creative side to the role as you will certainly design training course content as well as add ideas for coding difficulties for the learners.

[annieboltonworld]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Virtual Extensible Theory for Agents

Authored by Sebastian Leuzinger

Abstract

Many cryptographers would agree that, had it not been for wide-area networks, the deployment of Smalltalk might never have occurred. After years of technical research into fiber-optic cables, we validate the investigation of active networks. We disconfirm that while extreme programming [1] can be made low-energy, cacheable, and Bayesian, the foremost interposable algorithm for the understanding of the World Wide Web by Sato et al. is optimal.

Introduction

The programming languages solution to DNS is defined not only by the development of Markov models, but also by the practical need for superblocks. The notion that steganographers co-operate with cacheable epistemologies is often useful. Along these same lines, the notion that researchers interfere with embedded algorithms is rarely encouraging. On the other hand, Markov models alone can fulfill the need for cache coherence. In this work we use probabilistic information to disconfirm that 16 bit architectures can be made “fuzzy”, interactive, and perfect [2]. But, existing psychoacoustic and “smart” frameworks use classical theory to allow compact epistemologies. Our heuristic is NP-complete. This is essential to the success of our work. Without a doubt, existing scalable and highly-available applications use reliable technology to enable com-pact archetypes. Existing metamorphic and virtual systems use certifiable communication to locate robust epistemologies. This combination of properties has not yet been explored in prior work. In this position paper we introduce the following contributions in detail.

We introduce a ubiquitous tool for exploring Smalltalk (Tig), which we use to prove that IPv6 can be made cacheable, mobile, and Bayesian. Second, we verify that agents can be made knowledge-based, linear-time, and extensible. We show not only that the Ethernet can be made client-server, ubiquitous, and unstable, but that the same is true for Markov models. Finally, we argue that while the acclaimed linear-time algorithm for the study of Markov models [3] is Turing complete, the little-known constant-time algorithm for the simulation of vacuum tubes by Rodney Brooks [4] runs in H(log log N!] time. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. To start off with, we motivate the need for IPv4 [5]. To overcome this issue, we verify not only that symmetric encryption and rasterization can collude to fulfill this objective, but that the same is true for flip-flop gates. Finally, we conclude.

Related Work

The concept of read-write information has been visualized before in the literature [6-8]. The seminal framework by Sato and Jackson does not prevent the synthesis of architecture as well as our method [9]. Suzuki and Wang explored several low- energy approaches, and reported that they have limited lack of influence on hash tables [10,11]. Unfortunately, these methods are entirely orthogonal to our efforts. While we know of no other studies on distributed information, several efforts have been made to simulate multi-processors. A recent unpublished undergraduate dissertation [12] explored a similar idea for highly-available modalities [7]. We had our solution in mind before C. Maruyama et al. published the recent famous work on the improvement of superblocks [2,13-16].

Thusly, despite substantial work in this area, our solution is perhaps the frame-work of choice among mathematicians [17]. Contrarily, the complexity of their method grows exponentially as loss less methodologies grows. Though we are the first to present linear-time information in this light, much related work has been devoted to the study of Boolean logic. Continuing with this rationale, a decentralized tool for enabling rasterization proposed by Deb-orah Estrin [18] fails to address several key issues that Tig does solve. Contrarily, the complexity of their method grows logarithmically as context-free grammar grows. Our method is broadly related to work in the field of machine learning [19], but we view it from a new perspective: highly- available theory [20]. We believe there is room for both schools of thought within the field of operating systems. Further, the original approach to this quagmire by Harris was significant; nevertheless, it did not completely address this quandary. The only other noteworthy work in this area suffers from fair assumptions about cache coherence [18,21,22]. Instead of deploying authenticated epistemologies, we accomplish this aim simply by visualizing peer-to-peer modalities. Our design avoids this overhead. Ultimately, the heuristic of Zhou and Sato [23] is a key choice for the evaluation of access points (Figure 1).

Principles

In this section, we construct a design for emulating embedded archetypes. This may or may not actually hold in reality. The model for Tig consists of four independent components: the Internet, the simulation of Scheme, congestion control, and the simulation of checksums. Though computational biologists mostly assume the ex-act opposite, our methodology depends on this property for correct behavior. Any confirmed development of super pages [15] wills clearly re-quire that Smalltalk [24] and extreme programming can cooperate to answer this riddle; our system is no different. This may or may not actually hold in reality. The question is, will Tig satisfy all of these assumptions? Yes, but only in theory. Our method relies on the theoretical methodology outlined in the recent well-known work by James Gray in the field of crypto analysis. Tig does not require such an essential development to run correctly, but it doesn’t hurt. Of course, this is not always the case. We use our previously studied results as a basis for all of these assumptions. Despite the fact that leading analysts continuously postulate the exact opposite, Tig depends on this property for correct behavior.

Implementation

In this section, we explore version 6.7, Service Pack 1 of Tig, the culmination of days of de-signing [25-27]. The server daemon and the virtual machine monitor must run in the same JVM. The hacked operating system contains about 9708 lines of Java. Tig is com-posed of a collection of shell scripts, a homegrown database, and a server daemon. Further, it was necessary to cap the complexity used by Tig to 4309 sec. We plan to release all of this code under Microsoft style.

Evaluation

Measuring a system as ambitious as ours proved difficult. In this light, we worked hard to arrive at a suitable evaluation method. Our over-all performance analysis seeks to prove three hypotheses:

a) That the Nintendo Game boy of yesteryear actually exhibits better average power than today's hardware;

b) That 64 bit architectures no longer affect RAM space; and finally

c) That the Turing machine no longer toggles a methodology's API.

We are grateful for pipelined checksums; without them, we could not optimize for complexity simultaneously with seek time. The reason for this is that studies have shown that average response time is roughly 97% higher than we might expect [28]. Our evaluation strives to make these points clear (Figure 2).

Hardware and Software Configuration

Many hardware modifications were necessary to measure our solution. Italian theorists executed a deployment on our system to disprove the complexity of artificial intelligence. We added more hard disk space to Intel's symbiotic overlay network. Continuing with this rationale, we re-moved 3 GB/s of Internet access from our system. We doubled the hard disk speed of our sensor-net test bed. This configuration step was time-consuming but worth it in the end. Along these same lines, we tripled the NV-RAM space of our XBox network to investigate technology. Lastly, we added more 100MHz Pentium Centrinos to our human test subjects. We ran Tig on commodity operating systems, such as DOS and Minix Version 9c, Service Pack 7. We added support for Tig as a kernel patch [29-32]. We implemented our DHCP server in enhanced Python, augmented with opportunistically randomly saturated extensions. We made all of our software is available under an Old Plan 9 License license (Figure 3).

Experiments and Results

Given these trivial configurations, we achieved non-trivial results. Seizing upon this ideal con-figuration, we ran four novel experiments:

a) We deployed 99 LISP machines across the planetary- scale network, and tested our Markov models accordingly;

b) We ran Web services on 01 nodes spread throughout the underwater network, and compared them against virtual machines running locally;

c) We ran 68 trials with a simulated E-mail workload, and compared results to our earlier deployment;

d) We ran Markov models on 85 nodes spread throughout the underwater network, and compared them against vacuum tubes running locally.

All of these experiments completed without resource starvation or noticeable performance bottlenecks. We first explain the second half of our experiments. Note that (Figure 3) shows the expected and not median random expected bandwidth. We omit these algorithms for anonymity. Error bars have been elided, since most of our data points fell outside of 82 standard deviations from observed means. Further, note that DHTs have more jagged popularity of architecture curves than do auto generated virtual machines (Figure 4). Shown in (Figure 3), experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above call attention to our application’s hit ratio. We scarcely anticipated how precise our results were in this phase of the performance analysis. Such a hypothesis is often a natural intent but is derived from known results. Second, error bars have been elided, since most of our data points fell outside of 56 standard deviations from observed means. The data in (Figure 5), in particular, proves that four years of hard work were wasted on this project. Lastly, we discuss experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above. The key to (Figure 4) is closing the feedback loop; (Figure 2) shows how Tig's energy does not converge otherwise. Note the heavy tail on the CDF in (Figure 4), exhibiting weak-ened complexity. Error bars have been elided, since most of our data points fell outside of 72 standard deviations from observed means (Figure 5).

Conclusion

Tig will overcome many of the obstacles faced by today’s cyber informaticians. Similarly, we concentrated our efforts on demonstrating that RPCs can be made encrypted, peer-to-peer, and trainable. We described a methodology for de-centralized communication (Tig), which we used to confirm that Lamport clocks can be made linear-time, homogeneous, and interposable. We see no reason not to use Tig for locating metamorphic communication.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

[woodjessica123-blog]

Open Source DevOps Automation Testing Tools

Automated software testing solutions do a significant portion of the work otherwise done by manual testing. Thus, reducing labor overhead costs and improving accuracy. Automated testing is, well, not manual. Rather than having to program everything from the ground up, developers and testers use sets of pre-established tools.

Citrus

Citrus is an automation testing tool with messaging protocols and data formats. HTTP, REST, JMS, and SOAP can be analyzed inside Citrus, external of broader scope, functional automated testing tools such as Selenium. Citrus will identify if the program is suitably dispatching communications and if the outcomes are as anticipated. In addition, it can be incorporated with Selenium if a different front-end functionality testing needs to be automated. Therefore , this is a particular tool that's designed to automate and replicate tests which will validate exchanged messages.

Citrus appeals to people who prefer tried and true. Citrus is designed to test messaging protocol.

When applications need to communicate across programs or protocols, there is not a more robust option. It integrates well with other basic frameworks (like Selenium) and streamlines evaluations that compare consumer interfaces with back-end processes (like verifying that the send button functions when clicked). This enables an elevated variety of checks in a single evaluation and an increase in test confidence.

Galen

Unique on this listing, the Galen is designed for those who wish to automate their own user experience testing. Galen is a niche, specific tool that can be utilized to verify that your product is going to seem as it must on many platforms. After testing has been completed, Galen can create detailed reports, including screenshots, and can assist programmers and designers examine the overall look of the program over a large number of environments. Galen can perform additional automated tasks using JavaScript, Java, or even the Galen Syntax.

Karate-DSL

Built on the Cucumber-JVM. Karate-DSL is a API tool with REST API support. Karate includes many of the features and performance of Cucumber-JVM, including the ability to automate tests and view reports. This solution is best left for programmers, as it does require advanced knowledge to establish and use. It is not just for web-based applications; it can also test products ranging from Android to MongoDB. A keyword-based strategy makes the Robot frame more tester-focused compared to developer-focused, as compared to some of the other products on this listing. Robot Framework relies heavily on the Selenium WebDriver library but includes a few substantial performance in addition to this. It is a secure platform with a very low barrier to entry, suited to environments where individuals might not have substantial development or programming abilities.

Robot is a keyword-driven framework that excels in creating simple, easy, and manageable testing reports and logs. The extensive, pre-existing libraries streamline most test designing.

This enables Robot to empower evaluation designers with less specialization and more general understanding. It drives down prices for the entire process -- especially in regards to presenting evaluation results to non-experts.

It works best when the range of test applications is broad. It can handle site testing, FTP, Android, and many other ecosystems. For varied testing and total freedom in evolution, it's among the very best.

Well suited to environments where testers may not have substantial development or programming abilities.

Selenium

Individuals who believe they will be actively customizing their automatic test environments might want to begin with Selenium and customize it from there. In contrast, those who want to start in a more structured test environment could be better off with a few of the systems that are constructed on top of Selenium. Selenium can be scripted in a multitude of languages, including Java, Python, PHP, C#, and Perl.

Selenium is not as user-friendly as most of those other tools on this listing; it is designed for advanced developers and developers. The other tools that are constructed on top of it tend to be less painful to use.

Selenium could be described as a framework for a framework.

Some of the most modern and specialized frameworks draw design elements from Selenium. They're also often designed to operate in concert with Selenium.

Its initial purpose was analyzing web applications, but over the years it's grown considerably.

Selenium comprises one of the biggest communities and service networks in automation testing. Even tests that are not designed originally on Selenium will often draw upon this frame for at least some components.

Watir

A mild and simple automated testing tool, Watir may be utilized for cross-browser testing and data testing. Watir can be incorporated with Cucumber, Test/Unit, and RSpec, and is free and open source. This is a good product for businesses which are looking to automate their internet testing as well as for a business is effective at a Ruby environment.

Gauge

Gauge is made by precisely the same company that acquired Selenium. With Gauge, programmers can utilize C#, Ruby, or Java to make automated tests Gauge itself is an extensible program that has plug-in support, but it is still in beta; utilize this only if you want to adopt cutting-edge technology now. Gauge is a promising solution, and as soon as it is complete will likely become a standard, both for developers and testers, as it's rather a great deal of technology behind it.

[siva3155]

300+ TOP SCALA Interview Questions and Answers

SCALA Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is Scala? Scala is a Java-based Hybrid programming language which is the fusion of both Functional and Object-Oriented Programming Language features. It can integrate itself with Java Virtual Machine and compile the code written. 2. How Scala is both Functional and Object-oriented Programming Language? Scala treats every single value as an Object which even includes Functions. Hence, Scala is the fusion of both Object-oriented and Functional programming features. 3.Write a few Frameworks of Scala Some of the Frameworks supported by Scala are as follows: Akka Framework Spark Framework Play Framework Scalding Framework Neo4j Framework Lift Framework Bowler Framework 4. Explain the types of Variables in Scala? And What is the difference between them? The Variables in Scala are mainly of two types: Mutable Variables We Declare Mutable Variables by using the var keyword. The values in the Mutable Variables support Changes Immutable Variables We declare Immutable Variables using the val keyword. The values in Immutable Variables do not support changes. 5. Explain Streams in Scala. In simple words, we define Stream as a Lazy list which evaluates the elements only when it needs to. This sort of lazy computation enhances the Performance of the program. 6. Mention the Advantages of Scala Some of the major Advantages of Scala are as follows: It is highly Scalable It is highly Testable It is highly Maintainable and Productive It facilitates Concurrent programming It is both Object-Oriented and Functional It has no Boilerplate code Singleton objects are a cleaner solution than Static Scala Arrays use regular Generics Scala has Native Tuples and Concise code 7. Explain the Operators in Scala The following are the Operators in Scala: Arithmetic Operators Relational Operators Logical Operators Bitwise Operators Assignment Operators 8. What is Recursion tail in Scala? ‘Recursion’ is a function that calls itself. For example, a function ‘A’ calls function ‘B’, which calls the function ‘C’. It is a technique used frequently in Functional programming. In order for a Tail recursive, the call back to the function must be the last function to be performed. 9. Explain the use of Tuples in Scala? Scala tuples combine a Finite number of items together so that the programmer can Pass a tuple around as a Whole. Unlike an Array or List, a tuple is Immutable and can hold objects with different Datatypes. 10. How is a Class different from an Object? Class combines the data and its methods whereas an Object is one particular Instance in a class.

SCALA Interview Questions 11. Why do we need App in Scala? App is a helper class that holds the main method and its Members together. The App trait can be used to quickly turn Objects into Executable programs. We can have our classes extend App to render the executable code. object Edureka extends App{ println("Hello World") } 12. What are Higher-order functions? A Higher-order function is a function that does at least one of the following: takes one or more Functions as Arguments, returns a Function as its result. 13. Explain the scope provided for variables in Scala. There are three different scopes depending upon their use. Namely: Fields: Fields are variables declared inside an object and they can be accessed anywhere inside the program depending upon the access modifiers. Fields can be declared using var as well as val. Method Parameters: Method parameters are strictly Immutable. Method parameters are mainly used to Pass values to the methods. These are accessed inside a method, but it is possible to access them from outside the method provided by a Reference. Local Variables: Local variables are declared inside a method and they are accessible only inside the method. They can be accessed if you return them from the method. 14. What is a Closure? Closure is considered as a Function whose return value is Dependent upon the value of one or more variables declared outside the closure function. Course Curriculum Apache Spark and Scala Certification Training Instructor-led SessionsReal-life Case StudiesAssessmentsLifetime Access Example: val multiplier = (i:Int) => i * 10 Here the only variable used in the function body, i * 10 , is i, which is defined as a parameter to the function 15. Explain Traits in Scala. A Trait can be defined as a unit which Encapsulates the method and its variables or fields. The following example will help us understand in a better way. trait Printable{ def print() } class A4 extends Printable{ def print(){ println("Hello") } } object MainObject{ def main(args:Array){ var a = new A4() a.print() } } 16. Mention how Scala is different from Java A few scenarios where Scala differs from Java are as follows: All values are treated as Objects. Scala supports Closures Scala Supports Concurrency. It has Type-Inference. Scala can support Nested functions. It has DSL support Traits 17. Explain extend Keyword You can extend a base Scala class and you can design an Inherited class in the same way you do it in Java by using extends keyword, but there are two restrictions: method Overriding requires the override keyword, and only the Primary constructor can pass parameters to the base Constructor. Let us understand by the following example println("How to extend abstract class Parent and define a sub-class of Parent called Child") class Child=(name:String)extends Parent(name){ override def printName:Unit= println(name) } object Child { def apply(name:String):Parent={ new Child(name) } } 18. Explain implicit classes with syntax Implicit classes allow Implicit conversations with the class’s Primary constructor when the class is in scope. Implicit class is a class marked with the “implicit” keyword. This feature was introduced in with Scala 2.10 version. //Syntax: object { implicit class Data type) { def Unit = xyz } } 19. Explain the access Modifiers available in Scala There are mainly three access Modifiers available in Scala. Namely, Private: The Accessibility of a private member is restricted to the Class or the Object in which it declared. The following program will explain this in detail. class Outer { class Inner { private def f() { println("f") } class InnerMost { f() // OK } } (new Inner).f() // Error: f is not accessible } Protected: A protected member is only Accessible from Subclasses of the class in which the member is defined. The following program will explain this in detail. package p class Super { protected def f() { println("f") } } class Sub extends Super { f() } class Other { (new Super).f() // Error: f is not accessible } } Public: Unlike Private and Protected members, it is not required to specify Public keyword for Public members. There is no explicit modifier for public members. Such members can be accessed from Anywhere. Following is the example code snippet to explain Public member class Outer { class Inner { def f() { println("f") } class InnerMost { f() // OK } } (new Inner).f() // OK because now f() is public } 20. What is a Monad in Scala? A Monad is an object that wraps another object. You pass the Monad mini-programs, i.e functions, to perform the data manipulation of the underlying object, instead of manipulating the object directly. Monad chooses how to apply the program to the underlying object. 21. Explain the Scala Anonymous Function. In the Source code, Anonymous functions are called ‘Function literals’ and at run time, function literals are instantiated into objects called Function values. Scala provides a relatively easy Syntax for defining Anonymous functions. //Syntax (z:Int, y:Int)=> z*y Or (_:Int)*(_Int) 22. How do I Append data in a list? In Scala to Append into a List, We have the following methods: use “:+” single value var myList = List.empty myList :+= "a" 23. Why Scala prefers Immutability? Scala prefers Immutability in design and in many cases uses it as default. Immutability can help when dealing with Equality issues or Concurrent programs. 24. Give some examples of Packages in Scala The three important and default Packages in Scala are as follows: Java.lang._ : Java.lang._ package in Java. Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java programming language. Java.io._ : Java.io._ Package used to import every class in Scala for input-output resources. PreDef: Predef provides type aliases for types which are commonly used, such as the immutable collection types Map, Set, and the List constructors 25. Why is an Option used in Scala? Option in Scala is used to Wrap the Missing value. 26. Mention the Identifiers in Scala. There are four types of Scala Identifiers: Alphanumeric identifiers Operator identifiers Mixed identifiers Literal identifiers //Scala program to demonstrate Identifiers in Scala. object Main { //Main method def main(args: Array) { //Valid Identifiers var 'name = "Hari"' var age = 20; var Branch = "Computer Science" println() println() println() } } 27. How do you define a function in Scala? def keyword is used to define the Function in Scala. object add { def addInt( a:Int, b:Int ) : Int = { var sum:Int = 0 sum = a + b return sum } } 28. How is the Scala code compiled? Code is written in Scala IDE or a Scala REPL, Later, the code is converted into a Byte code and transferred to the JVM or Java Virtual Machine for compilation. Big Data Training 29. Explain the functionality of Yield. Yield is used with a loop, Yield produces a value for each iteration. Another way to do is to use map/flatMap and filter with nomads. for (i "#FF0000", "azure" -> "#F0FFFF") 39. Explain Exception Handling in Scala Throw Exception: Throwing an exception looks the same as in Java. You create an exception object and then you throw it with the throw keyword as follows. Throw new IllegalArgumentException Catching an Exception: Scala allows you to try/catch any exception in a single block and then perform pattern matching against it using case blocks. Try the following example program to handle the exception. Example: import java.io.FileReader import java.io.FileNotFoundException import java.io.IOException object Demo { def main(args: Array) { try { val f = new FileReader("input.txt") } catch { case ex: FileNotFoundException ={ println("Missing file exception") } case ex: IOException = { println("IO Exception") } } } } So, with this, we finished some questions on the Intermediate Level. Now, Let us move to the next level of interview questions which happen to be the Advanced Level Interview Questions. 40. Explain Pattern Matching in Scala through an example A Pattern match includes a sequence of alternatives, each starting with the Keyword case. Each alternative includes a Pattern and one or more Expressions, Scala evaluates whenever a pattern matches. An arrow symbol => separates the pattern from the expressions. Try the following example program, which shows how to match against an integer value. object Demo { def main(args: Array) { println(matchTest(3)) } def matchTest(x: Int): String = x match { case 1 = "one" case 2 = "two" case _ = "other" } } 41. Explain Extractors in Scala Course Curriculum Apache Spark and Scala Certification Training Weekday / Weekend Batches An Extractor in Scala is an object that has a method called unapply as one of its members. The purpose of that unapply method is to match the value and take it apart. 42. What is the result of x+y*z and why? Similar to any other programming language, Scala also follows Presidency and Priority tables. According to the tables, Scala Performs the operations as follows. Scala evaluates y*z first. Then adds (y*z) with x 43. What is an Auxiliary constructor We use Auxiliary constructor in Scala for Constructor Overloading. The Auxiliary Constructor must call either previously defined auxiliary constructors or primary constructor in the first line of its body. 44. Explain recursion through a program def factorial_loop(i: BigInt): BigInt = { var result = BigInt(1) for (j- 2 to i.intValue) result *= j result } for (i - 1 to 10) format("%s: %sn", i, factorial_loop(i)) 45. Explain Que with example Queue is a Data Structure similar to Stack except, it follows First In First Out procedure for data processing. In Scala, to work with Queues, you need to import a library called, import scala.collection.mutable.Queue val empty = new Queue SCALA Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

[140proof]

Getting the file you wish to test

To start with, established a brand-new npm project, as gone over in setting up node and npm in the last chapter. call it something different, like selenium-test. next, we need to install a framework to allow us to work with selenium from within node. we are going to choose selenium's official selenium-webdriver, as the documentation appears relatively up-to-date and it is properly maintained. if you desire various options, webdriver.io and nightwatch.js are likewise good options. to install selenium-webdriver, run the following command, making sure you are inside your project folder:

In the days before web applications, programmers composed applications for a specific platform and utilized that platform's native development environment and interface controls. prior to the application's last release, a tester would check that the application was all set. some testers composed sophisticated files that explained complex scenarios they performed on the software manually. other, more adventurous testers utilized elegant tools that were the quality control version of microsoft's word and excel macro recorders. a tester would record a series of actions on the software under test. these steps were recorded in a high-level language in which the tester might edit the code and add test conditions that would validate that the real results of the test matched the anticipated results. each time a test was run, a report was created that showed which conditions had actually been passed or failed.

Serenity bdd is an open source reporting library that assists you write better structured, more maintainable automated acceptance criteria. serenity also produces abundant meaningful test reports (or "living documentation") that report not only the test results, but likewise which features have actually been tested. an in-depth tutorial on utilizing cucumber-jvm with serenity can be discovered here, and more information on serenity can be found on their main website.

A Simple Guide to Web Browser Automation

100% dependable browser automation tool throughout innovations simple-to-use selenium-based browser automation tool for all web applications no matter the underlying technology. never ever type a single line of code the leapwork automation platform lets both technical and non-technical experts design selenium-based browser automation flows from day one without ever typing or checking out a single line of code.

The chromium browser automation is a simple extension for your browser. it's a full-featured automation tool that assists you prevent repetitive activities. it can assist you automate simple activities like filling out forms while still being complex adequate to support scripting and injection. some of its significant functions: record: here you can record activities you are presently performing on your web browser. record in this sense does not mean a screen recording. it means that the extension stores all your interactions with the websites.

Websites and web applications

Whether youre a software developer or merely running several high-performing, application-rich websites, browser automation is promptly becoming one of the most demanded ways to check numerous site processes and codes. as web-based technology progresses and becomes more dynamic, the requirement for dynamic testing solutions grows. while there are many ways to test the functionality of your website and applications, browser automation offers a means of carrying out such tasks without the requirement for manual control. eventually, browser automation tools and techniques save web designers hours in time and labor costs.

Test design, execution, reporting and integration: ranorex studio is your all-in-one browser automation framework ranorex studio includes all of the tools for browser automation right out of the box, without the need to assemble your own framework. automate tests for every single kind of browser action with or without coding. ranorex studio supports a broad variety of web innovations and frameworks including html5, java and javascript websites, salesforce, sap, flash and flex applications, and a lot more. ranorex studio even supports hybrid desktop applications based upon the open-source chromium ingrained framework (cef). with ranorex studio, you can execute tests throughout browsers and devices, trigger tests from your ci server, get detailed test run reports, and pass test results to tools such as jira, bugzilla or testrail.

Browser Automation Using Selenium

Selenium is one of the most popular browser automation tools. it is not based on a specific programming language and supports java, python, c#, ruby, php, perl, etc. you can likewise write your implementation for the language if it isn't already supported. in this tutorial, we'll learn how to utilize the java bindings of selenium webdriver. we'll also explore the webdriver api.

With tools like selenium and record and replay, it's simpler than ever for groups to attain browser automation in order to shorten testing cycles and improve code protection. rather of manually testing across chrome, safari, firefox, and internet explorer, you can create one test and repeat it across multiple browsers in parallel.

Selenium is a powerful tool for managing web browser through program. it is functional for all browsers, deals with all major os and its scripts are written in different languages i.e python, java, c# etc, we will be dealing with python. mastering selenium will assist you automate your everyday tasks like managing your tweets, whatsapp texting and even simply googling without really opening a browser in just 15-30 lines of python code. the limitations of automation is endless with selenium.

In this tutorial you'll learn advanced python web automation techniques: utilizing selenium with a "headless" browser, exporting the scraped data to csv files, and wrapping your scraping code in a python class.

Browser Automation & Web Application Testing

Selenium is the family name when it comes to test automation. it is considered the industry standard for interface automation testing of web applications. nearly nine out of ten testers are utilizing or have ever utilized selenium in their projects, according to study on test automation difficulties. for developers and testers who have experience and skills in programming and scripting, selenium offers flexibility that is hidden in numerous other test automation tools and frameworks. users can write test scripts in several languages (such as java, groovy, python, c#, php, ruby, and perl) that operate on multiple system environments (windows, mac, linux) and browsers (chrome, firefox, ie, and headless browsers).

Geb is a browser automation solution. it unites the power of webdriver, the elegance of jquery content choice, the toughness of page object modelling and the expressiveness of the groovy language. it can be used for scripting, scraping and general automation-- or similarly as a functional/web/acceptance testing solution via integration with testing frameworks such as spock, junit & testng.

[avonbied]

Python Over JVM (Intro)

Prepossesing Intentions 👻

Today, I've decided I'm going to refine my technical skills in Java/Python by building a Python interpreter for the JVM.

Wow Another Jython

First impressions may be, "Why do this if Jython exists already?" My answer is sure, Jython is great and this idea isn't completely original, however, I believe that it only makes this idea all the more valid. In comparison, a carpenter may use a preexisting table as a model for how a table is typically used and formed. I do plan to use Jython, along with other "JVM languages", as a model of how JVM interpreters are made. So long as I just follow the patterns used and avoid plagairizing the code, I believe I will have a better learning experience.

Also, some may question, "Why Python over <insert language here>?" Well it's pretty simple, Python passed my vetting process. I've used many languages, so I had to restrict myself to picking from languages that:

I know to be interpreted.

I feel compelled to apply while working.

I feel competent enough to write tests for.

I know fairly well (or at least I think I do).

From these restrictions I came up with the following: Javascript, Lua, and Python. Javascript is new and hip, but I want to refrain from getting distracted by having to learn about Nodejs, as it would be my point of reference. Lua is a small, elegant language that holds a sweet spot in my heart. It was the first proper programming language that I learned and experimented with. I truly do love Lua but I think it might be cooler on say .NET 5. 🤔

Then there is Python, different, clean, and massive. I have used Python in past for primarily scaffolding and proof-of-concept in projects. I could test algorithms in a semi-English manner with a straight-forward setup on Microsoft Windows. I've worked on Linux-variants, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD, but at the moment Windows 10 is my platform. Therefore I need to be able to test a script on a local, working implementation and compare it to mine on Windows.

You Know Java Sucks Right

The infamous statement: "You know Java sucks right?" Been there, said that. I have been ignorant enough to make the assumption that, just because a (large) handful of programs written in Java were slow, insecure, and dysfunctional, Java as a language sucked. It wasn't until I had begun properly applying Java that I found this to not be the case (per se).

I began to use Java in my first year of university and the class I was taking only reassured my beliefs. It was almost as if the script of teaching had been written for some ancient civilization and was being passed on to me. The course left me questioning why certain features were not implemented to say the least. After some research I found that, yes, I was following patterns of an old Java and in turn an old JVM.

In summary the old JVM was a single blob of libraries and runtime alike which lacked support for package "friending." This is not the case anymore. After the completion of Project Jigsaw . The JVM has gone from a monolith of libraries that eat memory to a well-oiled machine. Targeting these new features I will be able to acustom myself to the improvements and break a few of my bad practices.

Just Make Sure To Put XYZ In

To figure out where to end this project, I made a list of all the features I want to put in. Here it is:

Wow! Would you look at that. I want to put every feature possible into this.

Okay maybe that sounds a bit extreme. You couldn't possibly put every feature thinkable without having some form of Trekky, space-time conflict. I plan to work feature-to-feature giving an acceptable stopping point at any feature for this reason.

This is all for now. I am going to take the time to layout a plan of action and return in a couple of weeks.

[testtoolsthatrule]

14 Open Source API Testing Tools For REST & SOAP Services

I wanted to share this great post from Joe Colantonio because he put together a great mashup of API testing tools that is quite extensive and exhaustive. This area of testing is becoming a bigger and bigger part of test automation and needs to be continue to be refined as the demand for API testing continues to grow.

One thing that I will be focussing on as we post more and more on this blog is not only good information about testing tools but how they can be applied for different scenerios. Check out Joe’s top 14 API testing tools below.

As we move towards more Agile shift-left software development processes like continuous integration and delivery, the need to quickly give test feedback to our developers is increasing.

One downfall to UI tests is they are slow, making them a poor choice for letting developers know quickly if their code has broken the latest build or not. API tests, on the other hand, tend to be faster and run more reliably than GUI tests.

Before we take a closer look at the api testing tools, let’s make sure we’re all on the same page with what an API actually is.

 What is an API?

Application Programming Interfaces (API) is a specification that acts as an interface for software components.

While most functional testing involves testing a user interface like a web page or a dot net form, API testing involves bypassing a user interface and communicating directly with an application by making calls to its APIs.

API testing allows you to test headless technologies like JMS HTTP, databases and Web services.

API testing is sometimes called “headless” testing. Most headless testing consists of bypassing the UI and sending a request directly to an application’s backend or service and receiving a response, while validating the response to ensure things are working as we expect them to.

This simple example is often referred to as a client/server relationship. A client makes a request by asking for a resource; the request then goes out and finds a server that can fill that request. The server locates the desired resource and sends a response back to the client.

What API Testing Tools Can I Use to Automate API Testing?

Since Selenium is just for browser based testing, you may be wondering which tool to use for Rest and Soap web service-based testing.

Here are some of the top API testing tools that can be used for Rest and Soap Web Service Testing.

  Postman 

Postman is a rest client that started off as a Chrome browser plugin but recently came out with native versions for both Mac and Windows.

At a high level, you can use it to send a post request to your web server and it gives you the response back. It allows you to set up all the headers and cookies your API expects, and then check the response when it comes back.

Can be used for both automated and exploratory testing

Can be run on Mac, Windows, Linux &Chrome Apps

Has a bunch of integrations like support for Swagger & RAML formats

Has Run, Test, Document and Monitoring Features

Doesn’t require learning a new language

Karate DSL 

Karate allows you to create a test that can sequence calls to any kind of web-service and assert that the responses are as expected.

Build on top of Cucumber-JVM

Can run test and generate reports like any standard Java project

Test can be written without any Java knowledge required

Tests are easy to write even for non-programmers

Check out a quick example on how to get started using Karate with BDD.

SoapUI 

SoapUI is a headless functional testing tool from SmartBear software. It comes in two flavors: Free open source version and Pro Version. Since the free version is open-source, you can actually gain access to the full source code and modify as needed. The pro version is user-friendlier, and has additional functionality including a form editor, an assertion wizard for Xpath, and SQL query builder.  The free version lets you:

Can easily create custom code using Groovy

Drag and Drop Test Creating

Can create complex scenarios

Asynchronous Testing

SoapUI’s Mock Service lets you mimic web services before they are implemented

HttpMaster Express 

HttpMaster describes itself as a web development and test tool to automate testing of web sites and services. It can be used to test RESTful web services and API applications. HttpMaster also allows you to and monitor API responses.

HttpsMaster project offers global options to customize your API request

Parameter capabilities enable you to include dynamic data with your request

You can use request chaining to leverage request items to include some data from previous request with the next request

Rest- Assured 

Rest-Assured is an open-source Java Domain-specific language (DSL) that makes testing REST service simple. It simplifies things by eliminating the need to use boiler-plate code to test and validate complex responses. It also supports XML and JSON Request/Responses.

Removes need to create boilerplate code required to interact with a rest service

Support BDD Given/When/Then syntax

Integrated seamlessly with Java projects

RestSharp 

RestSharp is a simple REST and HTTP API Client for .NET

Supports .NET 3.5+, Silverlight 5, Windows Phone 8, Mono, MonoTouch, Mono for Android

Easy installation using NuGet for most .NET flavors

GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, HEAD, OPTIONS, DELETE supported

Rest Console 

HTTP Client and Request Visualizer and Constructor tool, helps developers build, debug and test RESTful APIs. Rest Console is a HTTP Request Visualizer and Constructor tool, helps developers build, debug and test RESTful APIs.

Easy query parameters creation

Syntax highlighting

Authentication support: Plain, Basic, OAuth + Custom

RoboHydra Server 

RoboHydra is a testing tool for HTTP-based clients (ie. software that makes HTTP requests). The idea is, instead of connecting your clients-under-test to the real server, you connect them to RoboHydra and make RoboHydra respond with whatever you need for each request.

You can test many different kinds of clients

Written in Javascript, runs under Node 

Hippie-Swagger 

hippie-swagger is a tool for testing RESTful APIs. It’s also an API testing tool with automatic swagger assertions. In addition to validating API behavior, it will fail tests when swagger documentation is missing or inaccurate.

Can validate All aspects of swagger file validated; parameters, request/response body, paths, etc.

Accurate, human readable assertion messages

WebInject 

WebInject is an open source solution for automated testing of web applications and web services. It can be used to test individual system components that have HTTP interfaces (JSP, ASP, CGI, PHP, AJAX, Servlets, HTML Forms, XML/SOAP Web Services, REST, etc).

Is a command line tool

Written in Perl can be installed on MS Windows, GNU/Linux, BSD, Solaris, MAC OS

Pyresttest 

PyRestTest is a python based REST testing and API microbenchmarking tool

You can write your tests in basic YAML or JSON config files, no code needed

Returns exit codes on failure

Only works on Mac and Linux

Airborne 

Airborne is an open source Ruby based RSpec driven API testing framework.

Works with Rack application like Sinatra and Grape

Works with APIs written in Rails

Unirest

Recommended by Unmesh Gundecha Unirest is a lightweight HTTP request client libraries.

Can be combined with xUnit, BDD runner to make it a test tool

Mockbin 

Mockbin was recommended by Augusto Marietti. Mockbin allows you to generate custom endpoints to test, mock, and track HTTP requests & responses between libraries, sockets and APIs.

Mock Custom Endpoints

Create Custom HTTP Methods

Log and inspect incoming calls to your custom endpoints

Api Testing Tools Recap

These are the top API testing tools I’ve come across, but there are tons of API testing tools popping up everywhere, so I’ll definitely be adding to this list as time goes on.

If one of your favorite API test tools is not listed, please let me know and I’ll add it.

Initially shared on Joe’s Blog

Over time I will be adding additional comments on API Testing tools for sure. Be sure to be notified of future posts.

  from WordPress http://ift.tt/2h186KA

[udemy-gift-coupon-blog]

Vaadin 8 & Maven - The crash course ##FreeUdemyCourses ##Udacity #Crash #Maven #Vaadin Vaadin 8 & Maven - The crash course Vaadin Framework is a Java web application development framework that is designed to make creation and maintenance of high quality web-based user interfaces easy. Vaadin supports two different programming models: server-side and client-side. The server-driven programming model is the more powerful one. It lets you forget the web and program user interfaces much like you would program a desktop application with conventional Java toolkits such as AWT or Swing. Vaadin uses Java for creating web applications. The frameworks works with event-driven programming and widgets, which enables a programming model that is more like a GUI development than normal HTML and JavaScript. Vaadin used Google Web Toolkit for rendering the resulting web page. Vaadin adds server-side data validation to the actions, which means that if the client data is corrupted, the server does not allow it. Vaadin is distributed as a collection of JAR files with Maven or Ivy, which can be included in any kind of Java web project developed with standard Java tools.Also, there is plugin for Eclipse and Netbeans. Apache Maven is one of the most popular build and project management tools in the java world.In this course you will master all the core concepts of Maven while working hands on creating 16 easy to follow Maven projects. Java is the most popular programming language in use since it’s the only language that works across all computer platforms + android without needing to compile again new changes. Write once, and the JVM does all the work in making sure your programme can run on any platform like Windows, Mac, Linux or Android. This complete Maven course will teach you everything you need to know in order to code awesome, profitable projects, and of course, have fun whilst doing it. You will learn what is Vaadin & Maven and how to use them! You will learn the most important Vaadin components like Grid & Navigator! You will learn how to apply CSS to Vaadin applications! You will learn how to build a Vaadin project from scratch! You will learn Data binding & Data validation! You will learn how to deploy a war to Tomcat! You will learn password encryption with Maven! You will learn how to install all the required software (Java, Eclipse, Maven & Tomcat) You will learn how to work with both Vaadin and Maven! You will learn best programming practices! You will learn how to apply CSS properties to Vaadin components! + Top 12 Maven interview questions with answers! See what your fellow students have to say: "Helps you to not just mimic tutorials, but fully understand all the relevant information. Also, introduces you to the Maven. Every question I have had has been answered on the Q and A section within the day. Couldn't be happier with the course. My room mate is now doing it too." Jacob Wiliamson "Lots of content and really articulate. Instructor absolutely experienced and professional. If I have to find something to improve, I would suggest to show the methods that normally would be used in real world application instead of pointing that in those case we should do differently. I'm happy with the course and looking forward to enroll in others Kiril's courses."Rakesh Petel "Kiril does a wonderful job of explaining Vaadin and Maven. Kiril is also very responsive to any queries and requests (and also updating the courses with new content periodically)."  Sami Yusuf This course is not for everyone. This is not a get rich quick course where you copy other people’s code, make low-quality software and hope to have contracts rich clients. This course takes work. There is a lot to learn with Maven, but with the right guidance, information, tutoring and tests, it doesn’t have to be as difficult or time-intensive as doing it by yourself. You literally can’t lose.  You either end up with advanced Vaadin, Maven & CSS skills, go on to develop great programs and potentially make an awesome career for yourself, or you try the course and simply get all your money back if you don’t like it… Ready to get started, programmer? Enroll now using the “Buy Now” button on the right, and get started on your way to Web applications. Or, take this course for a free spin using the preview feature, so you know you are certain this course is for you. Hurry up, class is waiting! Who this course is for: Anyone who wants to learn Vaadin 8 & Maven IT students Professionals that want to take their carrier to the next level Programmers with relevant experience (C, C++ & C#) Java Developers 👉 Activate Udemy Coupon 👈 Free Tutorials Udemy Review Real Discount Udemy Free Courses Udemy Coupon Udemy Francais Coupon Udemy gratuit Coursera and Edx ELearningFree Course Free Online Training Udemy Udemy Free Coupons Udemy Free Discount Coupons Udemy Online Course Udemy Online Training 100% FREE Udemy Discount Coupons https://www.couponudemy.com/blog/vaadin-8-maven-the-crash-course/

[michaelok]

Fun with Java Deserialization

Down the Rabbit Hole

I’ve just been scrambling down the rabbit hole to patch an app that Qualys is complaining has a deserialization vulnerability. What should have been a simple effort has turned into a mystery because, while we appear to have the correct libraries already in place, Qualys is still complaining about the error. A report that should be clean, to indicate compliance with GDPR, is instead “yellow”, or “orange”, or “red”, so fingers point, tempers flare, e-mails fly about, cc’ing higher and higher ups, so now we have assumptions, and based on those assumptions, tersely written orders, involvement by 3rd party vendors. Time to panic? Shall we be careful and tip-toe through the eggs?[0]

Well, it turns out to be a rather interesting mystery.

What is Java serialization?

First, some definitions are in order. What is Java serialization and why is it important? Perhaps Wikipedia[1] defines it the simplest:

A method for transferring data through the wires

Java serialization is a mechanism to store an object in a non-object form, i.e. a flat, serial stream rather than an object, so that it can be easily sent somewhere, such as to a filesystem, for example. It is also known as “marshaling”, “pickling”, “freezing” or “flattening”. Java programmers should be familiar with the concept, and with the Serializable interface, since it is required in various situations. For example, this technique is used for Oracle Coherence’s “Portable Object Format” to improve performance and support language independence.

Early Days of Java Serialization

Amazing to think that, back in the day, we used all the various tools required for distributed communication, whether simple like RMI and JMX, or more involved specs like CORBA and EJB, and we never thought much about the security aspects. I’m sure if I peruse my copy Henning and Vinoski’s definitive work on C++ and CORBA, I’ll find a chapter or so focusing on security[1], but I’m figuring, we, like everyone else, focused on the business details, getting the apps to communicate reliably, adding features, improving stability, etc, and not on whether there were any security holes, such as tricking a server into running cryptocurrency mining malware[2]. Yes, Bitcoin and the like did not even exist then.

The Biggest Wave of Remote Execution Bugs in History

Well, times change, and the twenty-year-old Java deserialization capability is the source of “nearly half of the vulnerabilities that have been patched in the JDK in the last 2 years” [3], so Oracle has plans in the works to completely revamp object serialization. Further note that this is not solely Oracle’s issue, nor is it limited to Java. Many other software vendors, and open source projects, whether tools or languages, have this weakness, such as Apache Commons Collections, Google Guava, Groovy, Jackson, and Spring.

It seems all the excitement, at least in the Java world, started when Chris Frohoff and Garbriel Lawrence presented their research on Java serialization “ultimately resulting in what can be readily described as the biggest wave of remote code execution bugs in Java history.” [6] However, it is important to note that this flaw is not limited to Java. While Frohoff and Lawrence focused on Java deserialization, Moritz Bechler wrote a paper that focuses on various Java open-source marshalling libraries:

Research into that matter indicated that these vulnerabilities are not exclusive to mechanisms as expressive as Java serialization or XStream, but some could possibly be applied to other mechanisms as well.

I think Moritz describes the heart of the issue the best:

Giving an attacker the opportunity to specify an arbitrary type to unmarshal into enables him to invoke a certain set of methods on an object of that type. Clearly the expectation is that these will be well-behaved – what could possibly go wrong?

Java deserialization

For our purposes, we focused on Java serialization and Apache Commons Collections. From the bug report COLLECTIONS-580[4]:

With InvokerTransformer serializable collections can be build that execute arbitrary Java code. sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler#readObject invokes #entrySet and #get on a deserialized collection.

If you have an endpoint that accepts serialized Java objects (JMX, RMI, remote EJB, …) you can combine the two to create arbitrary remote code execution vulnerability.

The Qualys report didn’t have much in the way of details, other than a port and the commons-collections payloads that illustrated the vulnerability, but I guessed from that info that the scanner simply uses the work done by the original folks (Frohoff and Lawrence) [5] that discovered the flaw available as the ysoserial project below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSA7vUkXGSg

Source code here: https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial

Now, in the flurry of trying to fix this error, given the annoyingly vague details from Qualys, I had looked at all sorts of issues, after noticing a few extra JVM arguments in the Tomcat configuration that happened to be set for the instances that were failing with this error, but were not set on other instances. Apparently someone had decided to add these, without informing our team. Interesting.

Now, remember that according to the original bug report, this exploit requires (1) untrusted deserialization, it (2) some way to send a payload, i.e. something listening on a port, such as a JMX service. In fact, These extra JVM args were for supporting remote access via JMX, so unraveling the thread, I researched Tomcat 8 vulnerabilities especially related to JMX. While it turns out that JMX is a weak point (JBoss in particular had quite a well-known major JMX flaw), I did have any luck convincing the customer that they should shut down the port. It is used to gather monitoring metrics useful in determining application performance such as CPU load, memory, and even cache information. Ok, easy but drastic solutions were off the table. I was back to the drawing board.

Next, I tried to see why it was flagging Apache collections in the first place. Going back to the ysoserial project, was it incorrectly flagging Apache Commons Collections 3.2.2, or Collections4-4.1, despite the fact that the libs were fixed? Further looking at the specific payloads, Qualys/Ysoserial was complaining about Collections 3.2.1, which limited the test scenarios to try to get working

Now here’s the interesting part: with ysoserial, I was unable to get the exploit to work, as depicted in the Marshalling Pickles video. It was failing with a strange error I hadn’t seen before, something about filter setting a “rejected” status. Now, this led me to finding info about Oracle’s critical patch update (_121). I was running with latest & greatest JDK, release _192, however our production servers were running a very out-of-date version - surprise surprise.

Apparently, with Oracle JDK at release 121 or later, Oracle has started to address this vulnerability in an official way, rather than what exists currently which is a bunch of ad-hoc solutions, mainly whitelisting/blacklisting, which is a difficult without library support. Some would call this ‘whack-a-mole’, but I think this illustrates quite well the idea of a “patch”, i.e. there’s a leak, so run over and put some tape over it, but we aren’t solving the fundamental issue. In other words, the current defense against this attach is limited because we can’t possibly know what libraries customers will use, so the library maintainer has to scramble to plug the holes whenever they are discovered. Note that even the best of libraries like Groovy, Apache and Spring have had to fix this flaw.

So kudos to Oracle for taking some much needed steps in solving this problem. Here’s a little detail on the new feature that works to make the deserialization process more secure:

The core mechanism of deserialization filtering is based on an ObjectInputFilter interface which provides a configuration capability so that incoming data streams can be validated during the deserialization process. The status check on the incoming stream is determined by Status.ALLOWED, Status.REJECTED, or Status.UNDECIDED arguments of an enum type within ObjectInputFilter interface.

https://access.redhat.com/blogs/766093/posts/3135411

While it is the “official” way to deal with the deserialization issue, it remains to be seen how well this strategy will work. As a further research project, I’m curious whether this model might be used beyond Java serialization, i.e. in projects like Jackson. Does it add anything more than Jackson already has, or does it simplify it, etc.

This feature is targeted for Java 9, but was backported to 8, though it looks like it doesn’t have all the functionality that Java 9 supports.

So you are probably wondering what happened? Did we fix all of the above, and even throw in an upgrade Tomcat, like the Monty Python “Meaning of Life” movie “everything, with a cherry on top!” Well, finally, given a little guidance on where to look, the 3rd party developers - turned out that not only had they added the JVM args, they had also added in some extra code to handle the authentication. Which used - you guessed it - the _old_ 3.2.1 version of commons-collections. This code was also manually maintained, so while the app our team maintained received the updated commons jar in an automated fashion along with all the other updates, this little bit of code, tucked away on the server, was never updated.

Lessons learned? Off-the-wall custom authentication? Don’t do this. But if you do, don’t leave manually updated chunks of code lying around, and further, keep up with the patches!

[0] Yes, I’m reading William Finnegan’s “Barbarian Days: The Surfing Life”, Finnegan’s hilarious and fascinating account of being a surfer in the early days of the sport. At one point, he complains to his friend and fellow surfer, who is getting on his nerves, that he is tired of walking on eggs around him. Of course, in his anger, he mixed up the quote, and meant “walking on eggshells”.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serialization

[2] A quick look at the omniORB doc shows it has a feature called the “Dynamic Invocation Interface…Thus using the DII applications may invoke operations on any CORBA object, possibly determining the object’s interface dynamically by using an Interface Repository.” Sounds like reflection doesn’t it? I’m not aware of any specific vulnerabilities, but it does seem we’ve traded a bit of the security that invoking statically-compiled objects brings for convenience.

https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/omniORB/doc/3.0/omniORB/omniORB011.html

[3] https://www.siliconrepublic.com/enterprise/cryptocurrency-malware-monero-secureworks

The Java Object Serialization Specification for Java references a good set of guidelines on how to mitigate the vulnerability:

https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/seccodeguide-139067.html#8

[4] https://www.securityinfowatch.com/cybersecurity/information-security/article/12420169/oracle-plans-to-end-java-serialization-but-thats-not-the-end-of-the-story

[5] https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/COLLECTIONS-580

[6]Which seems to be a pretty standard strategy these days, i.e. proprietary companies like Qualys leveraging open source and adding it to their toolset. AWS does this to great effect, and we, as the consumer, benefit by getting simple interfaces. However, we should not forget that much of the code we use today is Open-source software, in some way or another.

Stratechery, as usual, has a very thoughtful post about this very idea:

It’s hard to not be sympathetic to MongoDB Inc. and Redis Labs: both spent a lot of money and effort building their products, and now Amazon is making money off of them. But that’s the thing: Amazon isn’t making money by selling software, they are making money by providing a service that enterprises value, and both MongoDB and Redis are popular in large part because they were open source to begin with.

[snip]

That, though, should give pause to AWS, Microsoft, and Google. It is hard to imagine them ever paying for open source software, but at the same time, writing (public-facing) software isn’t necessarily the core competency of their cloud businesses. They too have benefited from open-source companies: they provide the means by which their performance, scalability, and availability are realized. Right now everyone is winning: simply following economic realities could, in the long run, mean everyone is worse off.

https://stratechery.com/2019/aws-mongodb-and-the-economic-realities-of-open-source/

[7] https://www.github.com/mbechler/marshalsec/blob/master/marshalsec.pdf?raw=true

[8] https://medium.com/@cowtowncoder/on-jackson-cves-dont-panic-here-is-what-you-need-to-know-54cd0d6e8062

[faizrashis1995]

7 Tips to Become A Great Java Developer in 2019

To become a great Java developer, knowing the programming language is not enough. You must be excellent in Java programming and coding to make a good application.

 This year, in 2019, just don’t sit around with the same level of Java programming skills, rather hone your Java skills to become the best Java Programmer.

 Since Java is one of the hottest programming languages, remember that you are not alone in the competition. According to a report, there are around 9 million of enthusiastic Java developers in the world, who have good insight on technology, and they are also willing to learn new developments in Java, such as Java 8, JDK 10, and JVM internals.

 For a Java app development company to overlook all of them and hire you as their new Java software developer, who will help them make a robust Java application needs some difference in skills, efficiency, and perspective on your part.

 So, if you are seeking to know how to get better at Java, then you have reached the right place. Here, we will share you 7 impressive tips to become a great Java Developer in 2019, focusing on new updates in Java such as Cloud Native Java, Kotlin, Code and Design Patterns.

 But before we go ahead, here are some interesting facts that state why Java programmers are in such a high demand.

 Facts: Why Companies Hire Java Developers For their Critical Software Projects

Here’s a list of interesting facts that make Java so popular and increase the demand of Java Developers.

 Java is now managed by Oracle, a thriving American multinational computer technology corporation. Means there is a lot of scope for Java in terms of growth as a platform and its core APIs. Java’s latest major release is the Platform Standard Edition 8.

Java is ranked #2 in popularity after C. The language ranked first in the rankings of software developers as the best choice of programming languages.

About 3 billion mobile phones, 125 million TV sets and each Blu-Ray player are working in Java.

Google’s Android operating system also uses Java APIs.

Since this open source code programming language is used both in software and web development, it is no surprise that 95% of enterprises use Java for programming. That is more than C and other languages put together.

These facts highlight why Java is so important for enterprises, regardless of size. And if you want to get hired as Java Developer, you must possess extraordinary Java Development skills.

 Here is a list of 7 useful tips for Java mobile app and web developers. These tips are equally useful for companies looking to hire Java Developer, as it will give them a glimpse of what skills they should be seeking in a good Java Programmer.

 List of 7 Useful Tips to Become a Great Developer in 2019

Java is used to build a comprehensive range of applications and platforms for a myriad of devices, including Smartphones, Computers, Laptops, Gaming Consoles, Car Navigation Systems, Lottery Terminals, Blu-ray Players, and more. Here is the list of Java tips that will help you to give an idea of how you can improve on your Java development skills to build applications for these devices.

 Learn Java 8

There are many Java Developers in the market with the 7 to 8 years’ experience, and still not comfortable to write a code using Java 8 features such as Lambda Expressions, Java Stream API, used for bulk data operations on collections, and various Default Methods.

 If you get a strong command over Java 8 features, you can overpass so many Java Developers out there, with little or no knowledge of Java 8.

 Java 8 was first launched on 18th March 2014, and now Oracle has decided to end the ongoing support plans for Java Standard Edition 8. Businesses need to get a commercial license to receive Java Updates after Jan 2019. Although, public updates for Java SE 8 will be available for individual, personal use through at least the end of 2020, which is the good news for Freelance Java Developers.

 Key Features of Java 8 to Learn

Default and Static Method in Interfaces: Using Default and Static keyword, Java Developers can create interfaces with method implementation.

forEach() method in Iterable interface: In Java 8, a new forEach method in java.lang.Iterable interface has been introduced, which enables developers to focus on business logic while writing code. forEach method takes java.util.function.Consumer object as argument, that allows keeping business logic separately at a different location, so that it can be reused later.

Functional Interfaces and Lambda Expressions: Functional interfaces are a new concept introduced in Java 8. An interface with exactly one abstract method becomes Functional Interface. @FunctionalInterface annotation is a facility to avoid accidental addition of abstract methods in the functional interfaces.

Java Stream API:A new java.util.stream in Java 8 has been added to perform filter/map/reduce like operations with the collection. The new Stream API will enable developers to manage sequential as well as parallel execution.

Become a Pro at Java APIs and Libraries

Java is one of the most mature programming languages in the world, with 2nd largest StackOverflow community. The community plays an integral role in creating a Java ecosystem.

 Java APIs and Libraries form a major part of this ecosystem. Knowing about key APIs and Libraries, including Java Development Kit and Third-party Libraries is one of the key traits of a great Java developer.

 Java SE documentation contains detailed, developer-targeted descriptions and references on Java API, including workarounds and working code examples.

 It is not expected from a Java application developer to learn all the APIs and know about every element in the library. Only that the developer, whether a Freelance Java Developer or one working for Java Development Company, must be aware of crucial APIs and Libraries.

 Among thousands of Java Libraries, here are the top 10 well-documented libraries that are open source and free for use.

 Top 10 Java Libraries

Java Standard Libraries: Contains a vast set of collections and data structures, and elements required for Java application development project

JHipster: Used for generating, develop and deploy Spring Boot + Angular Web applications and Spring microservices

Maven: Used for managing project dependencies, configurations and build configuration and documentation

Apache Commons: Product-focused libraries with components allowing advanced mathematics and statistics operations and computations

Guava: Google Core Libraries for Java, used for extending the basic Java collections functionalities

google-gson: Useful for converting Java Objects to JSON and vice versa

Hibernate-ORM: Used for persisting of data in relational databases

Mockito: Used for creating mocks and write tests easier with simpler and cleaner code

Junit: Used for conducting repeatable tests on your code

Log4j and Slf4j: Simple logging frameworks

When it comes to Java APIs, the core Java API contains Android (Google), SE (OpenJDK and Oracle), MicroEJ (IS2T), whereas optional APIs are defined by organizations such as Alljoyn, OSGi, Eclipse, JCP, E-S-R, etc.

 Here, you don’t have to learn all the libraries, instead, focus on maximum 2 or 3, but also gain the knowledge of all these libraries and how they can help you in a particular project.

 Explore Spring Framework (Spring Boot)

This Java platform is important for every Java Application Developer.

 It enables the developers to build applications from plain old Java objects” (POJOs) and also useful for Java SE programming model.

 These days, most of the Java Development Companies use Spring framework such as Spring Boot, Spring MVC, and Spring Cloud for developing a web application, microservices, and REST APIs.

 You will find that a great Java Developer is familiar with all the Spring platform advantages such as: making a Java method execute in a database transaction, making a local Java method a remote procedure, and making a local Java method a management operation.

 Enhance Your Unit Testing Skills

You will find advanced unit testing skills in every professional Java programmer. It is this skill that distinguishes good Java programmer from average Java programmer.

 A professional Java developer always writes unit tests for their code, which helps in validating code results in the state testing or behavior testing.

 If you are seeking a good Java Application Developer, please make sure that the developer has the familiarity with a wide range of tools for unit testing, automation testing, performance testing, and integration testing.

 Professional Java developers, who already have experience with Java, it is time for you to improve your skills on software unit tests to verify the logic of a piece of a software program.

 Beginners can start with Junit, the latest version of which is JUnit 5, which is easy but powerful.

 Focus on JVM Internals

Even if you are a beginner in Java Application Development you must have some working knowledge Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which is a crucial element of JRE (Java Runtime Environment).

 If you understand JVM, means you understand Java better.

 Learning JVM will help you solve complex problems during programming.

 For becoming a great Java Developer, learn how JVM works, JVM system threads, how JVM executes JAVA bytecode, and the order of execution. Some other key aspects that you must be aware of to hone your Java skills in 2019 are JVM stack restrictions and common mistakes that most of the Java Developers make.

 Improve Your Working Knowledge of Design Patterns

If you are an experienced object-oriented software developer, you must be aware of the importance of Design Patterns in Software Development.

 Design pattern shows the relation between classes and object. A systematic naming of the objects and classes helps in addressing the recurring problem in the object-oriented systems.

 Every great Java Developer knows and incorporates design patterns in their code to make the application flexible and changeable.

 There are two goals of learning design pattern:

Identify and understand the problem in the application and associate it with some pattern.

Reuse of old interface or make the existing design more usable for future purposes.

 Whether you are a freelance Java developer or working as a regular employer, you must have an in-depth understanding of design patterns.

 Learn JVM Languages

The way learning new languages helps you in personal and professional life, exactly the same way, learning programming languages other than Java help in Java application development.

 Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine and also can be compiled to JavaScript source code or use the LLVM compiler infrastructure.

 Java enthusiasts must learn JVM languages, such as Scala, Groovy, and Kotlin to become a Polyglot developer.

 By learning new programming languages, you can compare the advantages and disadvantages better, which will further enable you to write better code. Besides, it will also help into Android development.[Source]-https://www.finoit.com/blog/tips-become-great-java-developer-2019/

We provide the best advanced java course, navi mumbai. We have industry experienced trainers and provide hands on practice. Basic to advanced modules are covered in training sessions.

[stalen00bsblog]

Clojure isn’t a mainstream programming language. But the FreshCode team regularly completes projects with this powerful and convenient solution. That’s why I want to describe technical reasons in which Clojure development matters.

Originally published at freshcodeit.com

Why Clojure?

What is the final goal of creating any programming language? From my point of view, it aims to enable writing clear and effective code. Rich Hickey, the author of Clojure, wanted to make written programs simple. This helps to speed up the software development process, as well as reduce the time needed for code understanding, changing, and support.

Clojure's syntax can be a challenge for beginners. At the same time, it’s easy and convenient for learning and coding. After getting used to this language, you will see the technical benefits, which are especially important for enterprise projects.

All Clojure advantages are based on four principles. Let’s see how they are implemented in the language.

1. Homoiconicity

Clojure is related to the prominent and elegant Lisp family. One of its main properties is homoiconicity, which causes lively debate among software developers worldwide. According to Wikipedia: Imagine a Lisp program, which is presented as a normal Lisp list. Meanwhile, you can manipulate it using other Lisp code. So, Clojure developers can access and transform code into data. This Lisp peculiarity shows the concept of “code as data.”

This feature is conceptually possible because of the minimalist and utterly consistent Clojure syntax. The whole program code is represented via S-expressions (tree-like structures). This is the of the same type of code representation as that supported by Clojure Core. So, the code can be easily transformed into data through macros.

The strong macro system gives an opportunity to create code that generates other code. It enables software developers to write extensions without waiting for the programming language designers to implement it. The latter is also relevant for writing your own Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) with the help of macros. They are responsible for the “translation” from your language to Clojure.

The benefits of well-designed DSLs are obvious. Clojure’s macro system gives you excellent opportunities for using them.

Writing the internal DSL with these macros leads to a new level of code refactoring. It also expands the language itself with modern elements. They are useful for the implementation of business goals in the context of each specific project.

The core.async macro in Clojure is one of the best examples of this principle benefit. core.async brings the power of CSP-style concurrency to Clojure. Thanks to the macro, it was created as a library without interrupting the Clojure language.

Compojure is another popular Clojure library that is based on the homoiconicity principle. Look at the example:

(defroutes static-routes

(GET ["/static/:location", :location #"([/a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)$"] [location] {:status 200 :body "OK"}))

Here you can see the macro “GET”, which extends the language syntax. It provides a convenient interface for describing a series of “GET” endpoints. Their URL starts with /static/. The “location” parameter is also reverse here and validated with the help of regular expressions.

Look how we can transform this code:

(compojure.core/make-route

:get

#clout.core.CompiledRoute{:source "/static/:location", :re

#"/static/(([/a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)$)", :keys [:location], :absolute? false}

(fn [autogenerated-parameter]

(compojure.core/let-request [[location] autogenerated-parameter] {:status 200, :body "OK"})))

An anonymous function-processor is created here. It is transmitted to the special function make-route, which puts the function-processor into the supportive middleware.

This seems complex, but, in reality, this Clojure abstraction provides a nice coding experience and helps to make things referentially transparent. The macro above is needed for hiding the realization details from the developer. That is, of course, until he/she doesn’t need them.

2. Functional Approach

What causes complexity and problems in computer programs? Side effects are among the main factors of our challenges. You can’t fully avoid them. But you can localize the spillovers and the programming language should help you.

As a functional language, Clojure encourages you to write pure functions. The results of such functions depend only on the input parameters. So, it doesn’t matter how many times you start the function. The result is always the same. This simplifies testing because you don’t have to try various queues and find the right state of inputs.

Pure functions are also handy for analyzing and refactoring. They are extremely simple, even if they do a great job.

Clojure's beauty lies in how the language perfectly joins individual elements into a coherent whole.

Clojure, like JavaScript, operates using functions as values. So, they can be transmitted as parameters and returned from other functions. This provides flexibility for a developer because he/she can delay or customize an on-the-fly logic realization. Moreover, the functional approach enables making the processors middleware by default. So, you can customize them for different business goals, which range from logging to conditional email sending.

3. Immutable Data Structures

Clojure has features of an object-oriented language. So, it initially includes a set of immutable (unchangeable) structures and methods for working with them.

They look like common JavaScript arrays and Hash Maps. But any operation can’t change their values. Instead of changing, it creates an absolutely new structure with updated data.

The immutability is handy when writing multithreaded applications because it negates a whole class of bugs related to synchronization of changing variables between threads. So, you can build entire information models using the few immutable data structures included in Clojure. The predictable code is easier to write and easier to test, which helps to develop a product quickly.

For example, look at the FreshCode use case. The development of an e-commerce platform that supports more than one million users took just 4 months. It proves that Clojure allows programmers to focus on engineering efforts instead of extra details.

4. A Multipurpose Solution

Clojure is a good choice for a wide variety of projects. You can use it from social networking industry to Big Data solutions. Initially, the Clojure language was targeted for working with JVM. So, the most popular modern Clojure implementation uses the Java Virtual Machine. This enables simple interaction with Java libraries, creation of Java objects and using the Maven repository. Java platform’s maturity and the huge ecosystem provide many benefits for Clojure developers.

An interesting fact is that although JVM primarily runs Java, about 3% of JVM users are programming in Clojure. It’s a remarkable fact, which shows the great potential of functional programming and Clojure itself.

Graph of JVM Users; Originally published at freshcodeit.com

Moreover, ClojureScript is actively developing. This is another Clojure implementation, which includes compilation to JavaScript.

Due to the same syntax, you can write front-end in ClojureScript and backend in Clojure (or ClojureScript in the case of Node.js applications). What is more, sometimes the same code overlaps in the front-end and backend. The Clojure compiler allows you to put this code in *.cljc files and use it simultaneously on both sides.

Principles of Clojure; Originally published at freshcodeit.com

More Reasons to Fall in Love With Clojure

Clojure has several other strengths that make it a good solution for your product. Let’s take a look at them.

Performance: Clojure provides you performance that fits for working with a lot of data (it’s close to Java). On the other hand, you don’t have to pay a price in productivity or expressiveness.

Community: Clojure has an enthusiastic, vibrant community, which encourages innovation and fresh ideas. By the way, about 27% of Clojure users are actively helping newbies.

Usability: Clojure is a practical and pragmatic language. It helps to organize a fast and efficient software development process. So, I can recommend it for rapid prototyping and lean startups.

Polymorphism: It’s an important feature for building extensible and flexible systems. Clojure is able to support multiple taxonomies and dispatches via static, dynamic, or external properties, metadata, etс. It’s the best implementation of the polymorphism concept I’ve ever seen.

Reliability: Adopted by Citibank, Simple (formerly BankSimple), Pico Quantitative Trading, Amazon, Netflix, Groupon, and many other great companies, Clojure already proved its reliability and stability.

Innovativeness: Clojure combines Lisp’s power with many modern features, such as software transactional memory (STM), interactive programming through a read-eval-print loop (REPL), simple Java API calls, etc.

My articles will cover other aspects of cost-efficient software development. So, stay in touch and enjoy the meaningful content by the FreshCode team! You can also share your experience in using different programming languages and tools. I’m curious about your thoughts on writing code that matters.

[terabitweb]

Original Post from Trend Micro Author: Trend Micro

by Santosh Subramanya and Raghvendra Mishra                 

Apache Tomcat, colloquially known as Tomcat Server, is an open-source Java Servlet container developed by a community with the support of the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). It implements several Java EE specifications, including Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP), Java Expression Language (EL), and WebSocket, and provides a “pure Java” HTTP web server environment in which Java code can run.

On April 15, Nightwatch Cybersecurity published information on CVE-2019-0232, a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability involving Apache Tomcat’s Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Servlet. This high severity vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands by abusing an operating system command injection brought about by a Tomcat CGI Servlet input validation error. This blog entry delves deeper into this vulnerability by expounding on what it is, how it can be exploited, and how it can be addressed.

Understanding CVE-2019-0232

The CGI is a protocol that is used to manage how web servers interact with applications. These applications, called CGI scripts, are used to execute programs external to the Tomcat Java virtual machine (JVM). The CGI Servlet, which is disabled by default, is used to generate command line parameters generated from a query string. However, Tomcat servers running on Windows machines that have the CGI Servlet parameter enableCmdLineArguments enabled are vulnerable to remote code execution due to a bug in how the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) passes command line arguments to Windows.

In Apache Tomcat, the file web.xml is used to define default values for all web applications loaded into a Tomcat instance. The CGI Servlet is one of the servlets provided as default. This servlet supports the execution of external applications that conform to the CGI specification. Typically, the CGI Servlet is mapped to the URL pattern “/cgi-bin/*”, meaning any CGI applications that are executed must be present within the web application.

A new process in Windows OS is launched by calling the CreateProcess() function, which takes the following command line as a string (the lpComandLine parameter to CreateProcess):

int CreateProcess( …, lpComandLine, … )

In Windows, arguments are not passed separately as an array of strings but rather in a single command-line string. This requires the program to parse the command line itself by extracting the command line string using GetCommandLine() API and then parsing the arguments string using CommandLineArgvW() helper function.

This is depicted in the flowchart shown below:

Cmdline = “program.exe hello world”

Figure 1. Command line string for Windows

Argv[0]->program.exe

Argv[1]->hello

Argv[2]->world

The vulnerability occurs due to the improper passing of command line arguments from JRE to Windows.

For Java applications, ProcessBuilder() is called before CreateProcess() function kicks in. The arguments are then passed to the static method start of ProcessImpl(), which is a platform-dependent class. In the Windows implementation of ProcessImpl(), the start method calls the private constructor of ProcessImpl(), which creates the command line for the CreateProcess call.

Figure 2. Command line string for Java apps

ProcessImpl() builds the Cmdline and passes it to the CreateProcess() Windows function, after which CreateProcess() executes the .bat and .cmd  files in a cmd.exe shell environment.

If the file that is to be run contains a .bat or .cmd extension, the image to be run then becomes cmd.exe, the Windows command prompt. CreateProcess() then restarts at Stage 1, with the name of the batch file being passed as the first parameter to cmd.exe.

This results in a ‘hello.bat …’ becoming ‘C:Windowssystem32cmd.exe /c “hello.bat …”‘. Because the quoting rules for CommandLineToArgvW differ from those of cmd’s, this means that an additional set of quoting rules would need to be applied to avoid command injection in the command line interpreted by cmd.exe.

Since Java (ProcessImpl()) does no additional quoting for this implicit cmd.exe call promotion on the passed arguments, arguments processed by cmd.exe is now used to execute, presenting inherent issues if arguments are not passed to cmd.exe properly.

Argument parsing by cmd.exe

We begin with the understanding that cmd is essentially a text preprocessor: Given a command line, it makes a series of textual transformations then hands the transformed command line to CreateProcess().

Some transformations replace environment variable names with their values. Transformations such as those triggered by the &, ||, && operators, split command lines into several parts. All of cmd’s transformations are triggered by the presence of one of the following metacharacters: (, ), %, !, ^, “, , &, and |.

The metacharacter “ is particularly interesting: When cmd is transforming a command line and sees a “, it copies a “ to the new command line then begins copying characters from the old command line to the new one without seeing whether any of these characters is a metacharacter. This continues until cmd either reaches the end of the command line, runs into a variable substitution, or sees another “.

If we rely on cmd’s “-behavior to protect arguments, using quotation marks will produce unexpected behavior. By passing untrusted data as command line parameters, the bugs caused by this convention mismatch become a security issue.

Take for example, the following:

hello.bat “dir ”&whoami”

0: [hello.bat]

1: [&dir]

Here, cmd is interpreting the & metacharacter as a command separator because, from its point of view, the & character lies outside the quoted region. In this scenario, ‘whoami’ can be replaced by any number of harmful commands. When running the command shown above with hello.bat, we get the following output.

Figure 3. The resulting output when running “hello.bat”

The issue shown in the screenshot is used in Apache Tomcat to successfully perform command execution, which is shown in the following image:

Figure 4. Performing command execution in Apache Tomcat

To successfully perform command injection, we need to add a few parameters and enable CGI Servlet in the web.xml file.

Figure 5. Snapshot of web.xml

The Apache Software Foundation has introduced a new parameter, cmdLineArgumentsDecoded, in Apache Tomcat CGI Servlet that is designed to address CVE-2019-0232. cmdLineArgumentsDecoded is only used when enableCmdLineArguments is set to true. It defines a regex pattern “[[a-zA-Z0-9Q-_.\/:E]+]” that individual decoded command line arguments must match or else the request will be rejected. The introduced patch will eliminate the vulnerability that arises from using spaces and double quotes in command line arguments.

Figure 6. The Apache Tomcat patch, which can be found in the codebase

Recommendations and Trend Micro Solutions

Apache Software Foundation recommends that users running Apache Tomcat upgrade their software to the latest versions:

Version Recommended Patch Apache Tomcat 9 Apache Tomcat 9.0.18 or later Apache Tomcat 8 Apache Tomcat 8.5.40 or later Apache Tomcat 7 Apache Tomcat 7.0.93 or later

Furthermore, users should set the CGI Servlet initialization parameter enableCmdLineArguments to false to prevent possible exploitation of CVE-2019-0232.

Developers, programmers, and system administrators using Apache Tomcat can also consider multilayered security technology such as  Trend Micro Deep Security and Vulnerability Protection solutions, which protect user systems from threats that may exploit CVE-2019-0232 via the following Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) rule:

1009697 – Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2019-0232)

Trend Micro TippingPoint® Threat Protection System customers are protected from attacks that exploit CVE-2019-0232 via the following MainlineDV filter:

315387 – HTTP: Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution on Windows

The post Uncovering CVE-2019-0232: A Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Apache Tomcat appeared first on .

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Go to Source Author: Trend Micro Uncovering CVE-2019-0232: A Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Apache Tomcat Original Post from Trend Micro Author: Trend Micro by Santosh Subramanya and Raghvendra Mishra                  Apache Tomcat…