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paganimagevault · 2 years ago

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Tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae 6th C. BCE

"The Tomb of Cyrus (Persian: آرامگاه کوروش بزرگ) is the final resting place of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Empire. The mausoleum is located in Pasargadae, an archaeological site in the Fars Province of Iran.

It was first identified as Cyrus' tomb in modern times by James Justinian Morier, who compared the monument to that described in the writings of Greek historian Arrian.

The mausoleum is a significant historical example of earthquake engineering as it is said to be the oldest base-isolated structure in the world, allowing it great resilience against seismic hazards. It is one of the key Iranian cultural heritage sites. On the 29th of October 2021, Iranian police barred people from visiting the mausoleum.

The site of the tomb is shut down every year during Cyrus the Great Day following a pro-monarchy protest in 2016.

The tomb, previously known as the Tomb of Madre Suleiman (referring either to Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik or the biblical Bathsheba, mother of Solomon), was first identified by Venetian traveler Giosafat Barbaro and later by Johan Albrecht de Mandelslo. It was first identified as the Tomb of Cyrus in the early nineteenth century, first by James Justinian Morier and then by Robert Ker Porter. Morier described the tomb as follows:

'[It] is a building of a form so extraordinary that the people of the country often call it the court of the deevis or devil. It rests upon a square base of large blocks of marble, which rise in seven layers pyramidically... On every part of the monument itself are carved inscriptions, which attest the reverence of its visitors; but there is no vestige of any of the characters of ancient Persia or even of the older Arabic. The key is kept by women, and none but females are permitted to enter. The people generally regard it as the monument of the mother of Solomon, and still connect some efficacy with the name; for they point out near the spot a certain water to which those who may have received the bite of a mad dog resort, and by which, if drank within thirty days, the evil effects of the wound are obviated. In eastern story almost every thing wonderful is attached to the Solomon of Scripture: the King however, to whose mother this tomb is said to be raised, is less incredibly, (as the Carmelites of Shiraz suggested to Mandelsloe), Shah Soleiman, the fourteenth Caliph of the race of Ali. But though this supposition is more probable than that it is the monument of Bathsheba, it is not to my mind satisfactory, as it differs totally from all the tombs of Mahomedan saints which I have ever seen in Persia, Asia Minor, or Turkey.'

Morier then proposed that the tomb may be that of Cyrus, based on the description of Arrian. He noted the similarities, as well as the differences including the lack of the inscription noted by Arrian, the lack of a grove of trees, and the triangular roof against Arrian's "arched" description:

'If the position of the place had corresponded with the site of Passagardae as well as the form of this structure accords with the description of the tomb of Cyrus near that city, I should have been tempted to assign to the present building so illustrious an origin. That tomb was raised in a grove; it was a small edifice covered with an arched roof of stone, and its entrance was so narrow that the slenderest man could scarcely pass through: it rested on a quadrangular base of a single stone, and contained the celebrated inscription, "mortals, I am Cyrus, son of Cambyses, founder of the Persian monarchy, and Sovereign of Asia, grudge me not therefore this monument". That the plain around Mesjed Madre Suleiman was the site of a great city, is proved by the ruins with which it is strewed; and that this city was of the same general antiquity as Persepolis may be inferred from the existence of a similar character in the inscriptions on the remains of both, though this particular edifice does not happen to display that internal evidence of a contemporaneous date. A grove would naturally have disappeared in modern Persia; the structures correspond in size; the triangular roof of that which I visited might be called arched in an age when the true semi-circular arch was probably unknown; the door was so narrow, that, if I had been allowed to make the attempt, I could scarcely have forced myself through it; and those who kept the key affirmed that the only object within was an immense stone, which might be "the base of a single piece" described by Arrian; but as he was repeating the account of another, the difference is of little consequence, if it exists. I suspect however, as many of the buildings at Persepolis are so put together that they might once have seemed one vast block, that the present structure might also at one time have possessed a similar appearance. The eternity of his monument indeed, which Cyrus contemplated by fixing it on one enormous stone, would be equally attained by the construction of this fabric, which seems destined to survive the revolutions of ages. And in the lapse of two thousand four hundred years, the absence of an inscription on Mesjed Madre Suleiman would not be a decisive evidence against its identity with the tomb of Cyrus.'

The most extensive description of the structure, based on a lost account by Aristobulus (who had accompanied Alexander the Great on his eastern campaigns in the late fourth century BC), is to be found in The Anabasis of Alexander (6.29), written by Arrian in the second century AD.

Arrian, writing in the second century AD, described the tomb as follows:

'He (Alexander) was grieved by the outrage committed upon the tomb of Cyrus, son of Cambyses; for according to Aristobulus, he found it dug through and pillaged. The tomb of the famous Cyrus was in the royal park at Pasargadae, and around it a grove of all kinds of trees had been planted. The park was also watered by a stream, and high grass grew in the meadow. The base of the tomb itself had been made of squared stone in the form of a rectangle. Above it there was a stone building surmounted by a roof, with a door leading within, so narrow that even a small man could with difficulty enter, after suffering much discomfort. In the building lay a golden coffin, in which the body of Cyrus had been buried, and by the side of the coffin was a couch, the feet of which were of gold wrought with the hammer. A carpet of Babylonian tapestry with purple rugs formed the bedding ; upon it were also a Median coat with sleeves and other tunics of Babylonian manufacture. Aristobulus adds that Median trousers and robes dyed the colour of hyacinth were also lying upon it, as well as others of purple and various other colours; moreover there were collars, sabres, and earrings of gold and precious stones soldered together, and near them stood a table. On the middle of the couch lay the coffin which contained the body of Cyrus. Within the inclosure, near the ascent leading to the tomb, there was a small house built for the Magians who guarded the tomb; a duty which they had discharged ever since the time of Cambyses, son of Cyrus, son succeeding father as guard. To these men a sheep and specified quantities of wheaten flour and wine were given daily by the king; and a horse once a month as a sacrifice to Cyrus. Upon the tomb an inscription in Persian letters had been placed, which bore the following meaning in the Persian language: "O man, I am Cyrus, son of Cambyses, who founded the empire of the Persians, and was king of Asia. Do not therefore grudge me this monument.” As soon as Alexander had conquered Persia, he was very desirous of entering the tomb of Cyrus; but he found that everything else had been carried off except the coffin and couch.'

Strabo stated that when Alexander the Great looted and destroyed Persepolis, he paid a visit to the tomb of Cyrus and commanded Aristobulus, one of his warriors, to enter the monument. Inside he found a golden bed, a table set with drinking vessels, a gold coffin, some ornaments studded with precious stones and an inscription on the tomb. No trace of any such inscription survives. Strabo (Geography Book 15.3) described it as follows:

'Alexander then went to Pasargadae; and this too was an ancient royal residence. Here he saw also, in a park, the tomb of Cyrus; it was a small tower and was concealed within the dense growth of trees. The tomb was solid below, but had a roof and sepulchre above, which latter had an extremely narrow entrance. Aristobulus says that at the behest of the king he passed through this entrance and decorated the tomb; and that he saw a golden couch, a table with cups, a golden coffin, and numerous garments and ornaments set with precious stones; and that he saw all these things on his first visit, but that on a later visit the place had been robbed and everything had been carried off except the couch and the coffin, which had only been broken to pieces, and that the robbers had removed the corpse to another place, a fact which plainly proved that it was an act of plunderers, not of the satrap, since they left behind only what could not easily be carried off; and that the robbery took place even though the tomb was surrounded by a guard of Magi, who received for their maintenance a sheep every day and a horse every month. But just as the remoteness of the countries to which Alexander's army advanced, Bactra and India, had led to numerous other revolutionary acts, so too this was one of the revolutionary acts. Now Aristobulus so states it, and he goes to record the following inscription on the tomb: "O man, I am Cyrus, who acquired the empire for the Persians and was king of Asia; grudge me not, therefore, my monument." Onesicritus, however, states that the tower had ten stories and that Cyrus lay in the uppermost story, and that there was one inscription in Greek, carved in Persian letters, "Here I lie, Cyrus, king of kings," and another written in the Persian language with the same meaning.'"

-taken from wikipedia

#cyrus the great #persian history #iranian #history #ancient history #antiquity #antiquities #pagan #dessert cakes #classical literature #desserts #6th century bce #alexander the great

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theladyactress · 5 years ago

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Anna Cora Mowatt and the Rumor Mill

It is more usual to think of historians as searching for verifiable facts about historical figures and events. Because this research project is focused on scandal and reputation, I am in the unusual position of being engaged in a search for verifiable rumors and documented innuendo.

I have seen traces many Ogden, Ritchie, and Mowatt descendants in my travels on the internet. If you make a stop here, be assured that I am not casting aspersions on your illustrious ancestor. Anna Cora was ruined financially and devastated emotionally by Walter Watts’ crime. Her effort to rebound from this scandal – further complicated by the timing of James Mowatt’s death -- was nothing short of astounding. I am merely plumbing the depths of the pit into which she suddenly found herself plunged without friend or comfort.

To anyone joining us for the first time, here’s a brief rundown of the Watts scandal: After Mowatt’s very successful Broadway debut in 1847 as first a playwright then as an actress, she was encouraged by friends, critics, and colleagues to try her luck on the London stage as many American performers had before her to varying degrees of success. Arriving there, she immediately drew the attention of Walter Watts, the manager of the Olympic and Marylebone theaters. Despite the fact that she was a mere novice, he signed her to a lucrative long-term contract (Even stars players were usually hired only for one show at a time). Watts publicly presented her with expensive gifts and had a deluxe dressing room outfitted for her where he hosted champagne dinners attended by London’s literary and social elite. This jealousy-inspiring treatment came to an abrupt and shocking end in March of 1850 when Watts was arrested for fraud. Watts’ arrest brought to light the fact that he was a clerk for the Globe Insurance Company who had been financing a millionaire lifestyle for over a decade by systematically embezzling from his company. Four months later, Watts hung himself in Newgate prison.

(If you’d like to read more about the scandal and Mowatt’s entanglement in it, this webpage goes into more depth: Touch of Scandal)

The double difficulty in my research into this scandal is that I’m trying to sort out not only what really happened, but what people thought happened. Because of her personal rhetorical approach and the general standards of the times, Mowatt did not directly address the rumors connecting her to Watts. After a certain point in her autobiography, she even ceases to refer to him by name. Her biographers use phrases like, “everyone in London thought” when talking about the scandal, but it now seems like few of those people documented their beliefs. Therefore more than a century later, I am trying to pick up the echoes of a very damaging whisper campaign.

A tidbit I discovered in one of my recent research “finds” is a perfect illustration of the sort of damaging innuendo that may have been being spread tying Mowatt to Watts at the time of his arrest in a manner that did harm to her reputation in England.

The article, entitled “The Forgeries of Walter Watts” appears at the bottom of page 3 in a New Zealand newspaper on November 5, 1892. Walter Watts and James Mowatt had been dead for forty-two years when the article was published. Anna Cora herself had passed away twenty-two years before. Still, this “true crime” story from half the globe away was deemed by the publishers of the paper entertaining enough to devote two columns to -- wedged in between a chapter from a Robert Lewis Stevenson story and a testimonial for the Society for the Cruelty to Animals. This account followed along the general lines of the narrative that I first saw recorded by David Morier Evans in Facts, Failures, and Frauds: Revelations, Financial, Mercantile, Criminal in 1859. The narrative mentions all of what I have come to consider the “major” rumors tying Mowatt to Watts; such as the silver urn, the dressing room, the locket, and the silk scarf. We will devote much time in future blogs dissecting each of these elements at length as they appear in this and other accounts. However among the colorful details this story adds that I have not seen in other accounts, I want to focus here on the following: “(Watts) sent the lady’s husband on a voyage to Trinidad…”

Nothing in my research indicates that Watts funded James Mowatt’s trip to Trinidad or that it was the manager’s idea in any way. According to Mowatt’s autobiography, her husband set sail for the West Indies in October of 1849 on the advice of more than one doctor after a re-occurrence of an unnamed neurological disorder or perhaps a growing tumor that rendered him blind in one eye and would kill him before the end of 1850. She says that the doctors thought the warmer climate and the long sea voyage would be good for him.

I have to enter into the record here that this is the point in Mowatt’s autobiography where she has stopped referring to Watts by name. She wrote her account of the decision for James Mowatt to set sail for the West Indies using a lot of passive voice and vague constructions like “doctors were consulted” and “it was decided.” In the spring and summer of 1849, Watts was presumably still the Mowatts’ friend and great benefactor. She was giving speeches in public talking about how wonderful Watts was and writing glowing dedications to him in the published versions of her plays. Watts was Anna Cora’s employer and had access to much more money than the Mowatts did. If he generously offered help fund a medically-ordered trip to Trinidad for the critically ill James and insisted that Anna Cora stay in London to fulfill her contractual obligations, then how could they refuse?

Also, to look at the scenario from the other side, if I was Walter Watts – embezzler and con man, leading a double life, -- who had convinced James Mowatt, -- ailing, middle-aged, controlling, ex-lawyer husband of my little American princess star actress -- to invest his wife’s life savings in the Olympic theater that I probably had burned down in the spring so I could rebuild with money I was stealing four and five hundred dollars at a time from the insurance company I was secretly working for... You know, I think I could think of a thousand good reasons why I might want him in Trinidad soaking in the sun and slowly dying instead of at a hospital in Germany or Switzerland that specialized in neurological disorders or cancer treatments while I had champagne dinners with his young beautiful wife in her fancy dressing room in London.

Thus you can see that the “(Watts) sent the lady’s husband on a voyage to Trinidad…” statement starts with the firmest foundation of a good rumor. It is plausible. All the characters are behaving in the manner that we imagine that they might—even when we imagine them to be behaving very, very badly.

[In a future blog, I plan to discuss the the aspect of rumor in which the spread of scandal is aided by prior negative perceptions of certain classes of individuals and how being an American actress in London fueled the harm caused to Mowatt by the Watts incident. However, we’ll leave that for now.]

In addition to being plausible, another aspect giving additional power to the Trinidad rumor is the truth of this information is knowable. Unfortunately, I’m not saying that I think that I will ever know the truth of the matter, but it is plausible that there were individuals at that time who knew the truth of about whether or not Walter Watts paid to send James Mowatt to Trinidad. When James left, Anna Cora moved in with her acting partner, E.L. Davenport and his pregnant wife, Fanny. They probably knew. Their children could have known. Members of the theatrical company may have known. Friends of Watts could have known. This anonymous account is written from the perspective of a young man of who Watts befriended.

Thus the “Trinidad” tidbit is succinctly is capable of confirming a willing listener’s most negative suspicions about Watts’ predatory behavior in the Mowatt marriage and Anna Cora’s either passive or active participation in that interference – depending on how negative one’s pre-existing view of her is. Although anonymous and even only ambiguously non- fictional, the narrator gives himself just barely enough credibility to serve as a plausible source for this information.

And so, my friends, forty-two years after the principals are dead, a strong rumor takes a deep, nourishing breath of fresh air.

The presentation chosen for this account leaves me with several questions that I’d like to share with you, dear readers. How seriously am I meant to take this “Page 3” story? It shares many characteristics with Sydney Horler’s “true crime” version of Watts’ story in his 1931 book Black Souls (A million thanks to Christi Saindon for helping me track down this hard to find volume!). Unlike Horler, though, the anonymous narrator claims to have first-hand insight to Watts’ actions and does not identify their version of the manager’s thoughts or words as fictionalizations. Do any of you know anything about New Zealand newspaper publishing conventions circa 1890? Was this section of the paper reserved for light entertainment? Reprints from English papers? Excerpts from books or magazines?

Also, my knowledge of Victorian medical science is thin. Do any of you have more expertise? How valid was the West Indies as a destination for the dying James Mowatt in 1849? I know that neurology was in its infancy and that “the rest cure” was being proscribed for a wide range of psychological and physical disorders of the brain that would be treated with medicine or surgery only twenty or thirty years later, but wouldn’t there be better places in England or Europe to treat someone with something that was exerting so much pressure it was making them lose sight in one eye?

I look forward to your input! Next week – more scandal!

#theater history #victoriantheater #victorian times #annacoramowatt

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burlveneer-music · 6 years ago

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The Soul Motivators - Mindblastin' EP - deep funk/Afrobeat from Toronto (Do Right Music)

Shahi Teruko – Vocals Marc Shapiro – Bass Voltaire Ramos – Guitar Doug Melville – Drums James Robinson – Keyboards Derek Thorne – Percussion Tom Moffett – Trumpet Dominique Morier – Tenor Sax Emily Ferrell – Trombone

#The Soul Motivators #deep funk #soul #afrobeat #horns #female vocal #2019 #canada

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memolands · 3 years ago

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Cyrus the Great - The tomb of the founder of the Persian Empire in Pasargad

Cyrus the Great – The tomb of the founder of the Persian Empire in Pasargad

Previously known as the Tomb of Suleiman’s Mother, it is a monument built in the 6th century BC which is believed to be the tomb of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Empire. It was first identified as Cyrus’ tomb in modern times by James Justinian Morier, who compared the monument to that described in the writings of Greek historian Arrian. The Tomb of Cyrus the Great is…

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#Cyrus II of Persia #Cyrus the Great #grave #Pasargadae #Persian Empire #Persian King #tomb

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dailynewswebsite · 4 years ago

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October Crisis, 1970: Crackdown ignited by authorities’ fear of young people

Shut to three,000 Quebecers gathered on the Paul-Sauvé enviornment hours earlier than the invocation of the Battle Measures Act would ship Canadian troops onto the streets of the province and many individuals – a few of them on the enviornment rally — had been arrested in subsequent raids. Éditions du Septentrion, CC BY-NC-ND, CC BY

Within the years main as much as the October Disaster in Quebec in 1970, younger individuals in Western international locations had been engaged in a collection of ruthless battles. Civil unrest had damaged out in France in Could 1968, and in the US, demonstrations and riots in opposition to segregation and discrimination, in addition to the U.S. involvement within the Vietnam Battle had gained floor. All of it occurred in opposition to a backdrop of political assassinations, main social upheavals and a rush to independence of former colonies.

Québec was no exception in these years. Demonstrations generally was riots, such because the St-Jean-Baptiste Day parade in 1968. The actions of the Entrance de libération du Québec, a clandestine group generally generally known as the FLQ, turned bloody in 1963.

(Éditions du Septentrion)

Québec youth discovered themselves in turmoil in October 1970. “Certainly, it was younger individuals, primarily college students, who could be arrested as quickly because the Battle Measures Act was applied,” explains Éric Bédard, who has simply launched the second version of his ebook dedicated to the occasions of October 1970, Chronique d’une rebellion appréhendée.

Bédard is a historian, professor on the Université TÉLUQ distance studying establishment in Montréal and the creator of L’Histoire du Québec pour les Nuls. His new quantity on the October Disaster features a doc that had, till now, remained unpublished: a listing of individuals arrested within the Better Montréal Space inside hours of Pierre Elliott Trudeau’s federal authorities adoption of the Battle Measures Act on Oct. 16, 1970.

The Dialog spoke to professor Bédard concerning the October Disaster.

A Canadian Military soldier patrols a avenue in Montréal after the invocation of the Battle Measures Act. (AP Photograph)

The Dialog: In your ebook, you analyze the political actions of younger individuals who had been enrolled on the Université de Montréal, the newly created Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), in addition to Concordia College and McGill College. Who had been they?

Eric Bédard: To begin with, there have been lots of them. They had been a part of the Child Growth. There have been practically 80,000 of them in universities in 1969 and so they benefited from the democratization of upper schooling.

Probably the most politicized had been very interested in revolutionary concepts and infrequently noticed violence as a needed evil. Many of those younger individuals dreamed of remodeling establishments, liberal democracy and capitalism and equated the political awakening of Quebecers with that of individuals within the “Third World” preventing for his or her emancipation.

Others had been extra involved a couple of revolution in morals, a radical transformation of viewpoints. They needed to abolish the establishments inherited from the previous, reminiscent of marriage, the church and conventional colleges. It was the counter-culture, the psychedelic expertise.

That’s the background. The FLQ was based in 1963, one 12 months after the Évian Accords, and its very identify is clearly impressed by that of the Algerian revolutionaries: the FLN (Entrance de libération nationale. In the US, African People had been struggling for his or her civil rights and younger individuals had been very vocal of their opposition to the Vietnam conflict.

The Dialog: Have been the scholar actions organized?

Bédard: Only a few. There have been stormy debates between them. In 1964, the scholars based the Union générale des étudiants du Québec (UGEQ). It might turn out to be more and more politicized and would declare to be separatist. For them, it was not solely a matter of defending their members’ pursuits, as unions do, however of fixing society.

At McGill, in 1969, it went very far. After two or three referendums, college students joined the UGEQ and a few even supported the motion that might have turned McGill right into a francophone college. Issues had been additionally going badly at Concordia (then Sir George Williams College), the place Black college students revolted in opposition to a professor deemed racist and vandalized the pc centre.

This radicalization affected the scholar motion. Within the late 1960s, UGEQ itself was thought-about too bourgeois and hierarchical, and was scuttled in favour of involvement in several types of organizations, reminiscent of neighbourhood residents’ committees. Probably the most militant college students most popular to affiliate with employees and labourers. We discovered ourselves with out a big pupil affiliation in 1970.

The lawyer for the Entrance de libération du Québec, Robert Lemieux, addresses college students at l’Université de Montréal in 1970. A graduate of McGill College, Lemieux known as on college students to create a parallel energy, that of the Éditions du Septentrion, CC BY-NC-ND

The Dialog: Does the context during which the October 1970 kidnapping disaster befell, throughout all this turmoil, clarify the response of authorities, in your view?

Bédard: The authorities noticed what was occurring on the earth, they adopted the information. Two years earlier, France was paralyzed through the rebellion of Could 1968, which started with a pupil strike. A number of months earlier, in Could 1970, the Nationwide Guard intervened at Ohio’s Kent State College in an illustration in opposition to the Vietnam conflict and 4 college students had been killed. It created an unimaginable backlash, which I might evaluate to the one surrounding the killing of George Floyd within the spring.

The authorities right here had this in thoughts after the kidnapping of British diplomat James Cross and extra clearly after the kidnapping of Immigration, Labour and Manpower Minister Pierre Laporte.

(Editor’s notice: British Commerce Commissioner James Cross was seized by the FLQ in North America’s first political kidnapping on Oct. 5, 1970. Laporte, a provincial cupboard minister, was snatched by one other FLQ cell days afterward Oct. 10.)

In my readings, what comes up on a regular basis is the worry of dysfunction stemming from younger individuals, a younger inhabitants that can not be managed. It surpasses worry of the separatists for my part, at the least from the perspective of the forces of regulation and order. We should take into account that the scholar motion was very totally different from the commerce union motion, which had a number of many years of historical past behind it, with its traditions, its buildings, its assemblies, its elections and its acknowledged leaders. With younger individuals, there are not any interlocutors, not like in 2012, through the Maple Spring pupil protest. No spokespersons, no buildings.

As a substitute of calming the authorities, who may have concluded that this motion was disorganized and due to this fact innocent, it elevated their worry of a militant overheating on campuses. Perceived as a type of unpredictable beast, the youth impressed actual worry within the authorities.

The testimony of the Québec authorities’s lawyer, Robert Demers, could be very revealing. He recounted that on Oct. 15, 1970, just a few hours earlier than the Battle Measures Act was decreed, Premier Robert Bourassa met with the chiefs of the Montréal police and the Sûreté du Québec, the provincial power, on the Queen Elizabeth Lodge the place the federal government had decamped.

The police had been centered on just one factor: the scholar menace. They requested for particular powers as a result of, they stated, if the state of affairs spiralled uncontrolled, they’d be powerless to take care of it. They insisted they’d not have the ability to arrest everybody. That is the thesis of my ebook. To be able to perceive the origins of the Battle Measures Act, one should perceive this ambiance of worry related to the youth of the time.

At UQAM, a number of gatherings in assist of the FLQ’s goals had been held through the fall of 1970, notably to denounce the Battle Measures Act. Nonetheless, no pupil political power was capable of mobilize younger individuals. (Éditions du Septentrion), CC BY-NC-ND

The Dialog: And it was these younger individuals who had been the primary to be arrested as quickly because the Battle Measures Act was proclaimed?

Bedard: Sure, they had been primarily younger individuals. Final 12 months, I received my palms on a listing from the then-deputy lawyer common of Québec, Gilbert Morier, who would later turn out to be a choose. There are 263 names of individuals arrested within the Better Montréal Space (there have been 497 in all, in line with John Turner, then-federal minister of justice). I’ve the date of delivery for 220 of them: three-quarters are below 30 years outdated and 15 per cent are below 20 years outdated. They had been primarily those who had been focused, at the least those that had been engaged in so-called subversive actions.

The Battle Measures Act created a shock wave amongst these younger individuals. It was like pulling out a bazooka. However the loss of life of Pierre Laporte had a fair better impact, for my part.

Pierre Laporte’s widow and her two kids comply with the funeral procession on Oct. 20, 1970. The Canadian Press/Peter Bregg

The Dialog: Your analysis reveals that these younger individuals weren’t very harmful…

Bédard: Sure, certainly, nevertheless it’s simple to say that 50 years later and I insist on that as a result of it’s too simple to provide classes. I perceive the fog that enveloped the actors of the time and I actually have a sure sympathy for them. I perceive that they had been below lots of strain. However a rational and chilly evaluation ought to have protected them from this panicky worry of youth, which was then scattered in a myriad of small teams, torn and divided, even inside the FLQ. These younger individuals weren’t geared up to make a revolution.

Former prime minister Pierre Trudeau enters the Home of Commons in Ottawa on October 16, 1970, to advise members of Parliament of his causes for enacting the Battle Measures Act. The Canadian Press/Chuck Mitchell

The Dialog: Did Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau actually imagine in a large youth revolt?

Bédard: The archives recommend that he was hesitant as a result of he knew the historic implications of invoking that odious liberty-destroying regulation. Therefore the priority to acquire letters from Bourassa and the mayor of Montréal, Jean Drapeau, who stated they feared an “apprehended rebellion.” This hesitation is contradictory, nevertheless, as a result of however, since 1969, Pierre Elliott Trudeau had arrange a disaster committee and an entire safety equipment to maintain sovereigntist militants in examine. He needed to do intelligence work, to infiltrate the campuses.

The Dialog: What impression did these occasions have on this era?

Bédard: It was like going to sleep after a tough day. No extra partying, no extra innocence and no extra lyrical revolution. All of it ended when Pierre Laporte’s physique was discovered within the trunk of a automobile.

Éric Bédard is vice-president of the Lionel-Groulx Basis, which promotes Québec historical past.

from Growth News https://growthnews.in/october-crisis-1970-crackdown-ignited-by-authorities-fear-of-young-people/ via https://growthnews.in

#Growth News

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bilalante · 5 years ago

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İsfahan'dan İstanbul'a Hacı Baba'nın Maceraları

İsfahan’dan İstanbul’a Hacı Baba’nın Maceraları

Gölge Konuşuyor:

Konuşmaya kitabın yazarıyla başlamak yerinde olacak. James Morier (1780-1849) İzmir doğumluymuş. Anadolu’da ve İran’da geçmişi olduğu söyleniyor. Tahran ve İstanbul sefaretinde bulunmuş. Şarkiyatçılık üzerine kafa yormuş. Ve belli ki bu romanına yansımış. Romanı sanki zamandan ve mekandan ve söz konusu bölgelerin kültürlerini hazmetmiş biri yazmış. En azından son bir iki…

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blprompt · 5 years ago

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Image taken from page 618 of 'The Adventures of Hajjî Baba of Ispahan ... Edited by C. J. Wills, M.D. With an introduction by ... Sir F. Goldsmid ... Illustrated'

Image taken from: Title: "The Adventures of Hajjî Baba of Ispahan ... Edited by C. J. Wills, M.D. With an introduction by ... Sir F. Goldsmid ... Illustrated" Author: MORIER, James Justinian. Contributor: GOLDSMID, Frederic John - Sir Contributor: WILLS, Charles James. Shelfmark: "British Library HMNTS 12604.i.21.", "British Library OC V 4751" Page: 618 Place of Publishing: London Date of Publishing: 1897 Publisher: Lawrence & Bullen Issuance: monographic Identifier: 002550727 Explore: Find this item in the British Library catalogue, 'Explore'. Download the PDF for this book (volume: 0) Image found on book scan 618 (NB not necessarily a page number) Download the OCR-derived text for this volume: (plain text) or (json) Click here to see all the illustrations in this book and click here to browse other illustrations published in books in the same year. Order a higher quality version from here. from BLPromptBot https://ift.tt/3a2707O

#BritishLibrary #Prompt

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mechanicalcurator · 8 years ago

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Image from 'The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan ... Illustrated by H. R. Millar, with an introduction by the Hon. G. Curzon', 002550725

Author: MORIER, James Justinian.

Page: 475

Year: 1895

Place: London

Publisher: Macmillan & Co.

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reynajeffrey9-blog · 7 years ago

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Banner Inexplicably Appears On Yukon Mountain, Social Network Cracks The Instance.

Good morning, and thanks for visiting the Iron Mountain 4th Fourth 2016 Profits Teleconference. Assos Rally Hiking jacket ($ 389): The 1st mtb jacket coming from Assos includes a highly breathable as well as sheer back board to much better accommodate moisture packs as well as decrease sweating. It is actually also France's fourth gold medal in mtb because the activity was presented at the Games in Sydney in 2000. I carried out not have the chopper image individually which was actually offered to me by the park service as I got on a mountain range aiming to picture the rescue yet got belted in with smog. Budget plan is yet another crucial element to take into consideration while purchasing your mountain bicycle online.

There have actually even been documents of a small team of 10-12 year old young boys battling a cougar that has assaulted them. So if all else fails, scalp eastern and you are going to discover your back to Rainbow Route in the Wet Mountain Valley. This is actually a protection feature delivered due to the brand new Mountain Lion to keep your body protected. To create certain that your Mountain Cur realizes his name, have a delight in your hand and carry it far from your physical body. Evening out closed in, and also he extended his eyes to view if he could possibly behold the leading from the hill. The Mountain is actually a simple male, plus all from his interests usually be on the field of battle or in battling pits. Along with such a vast assortment of mountain trip bikes offered, this is hard to decide upon which ones are actually best suited for your needs to have as well as desires. As an example, when James Morier, an English ambassador and also tourist, went to the Ararat location look at this site the beginning of the nineteenth century, he heard accounts that the hill was actually resided through snow earthworms" tiny white colored earthworms thus cold that they could properly cool a huge dish of ice cream". Cycle outlets don't possess as lots of clearances but there are still a suitable quantity of price cut mtb to select from. Iron Mountain is a worldwide forerunner in paper storage, associated logistics as well as shredding. After the mountain climbers found the cadaver, they notified hill cops which identified the physical body as the missing walker. To essentially build all the way to the top of the mountain range as well as had adequate plants near by to construct a huge wooden home on the best of the mountain range. The brand new Mountain Lion presents a brand new texting application that is actually an integration from iChat and iMessage or you can say the attributes from iChat have actually been put in iMessage.

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nadiagurner9312-blog · 7 years ago

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✅ What Carries out Being Actually An Expert Automobile Detailer Really Way?

After dating for eight years, Royal prince William and Kate Middleton ultimately announced the involvement. This post pays attention to China's 5 famous pieknaja-pieknaty.info as well as exceptional hill yards, which bring in a lot of visitors, climbers as well as adventurers every year. With an altitude of 9,692 feets, this magnificent mountain range serves as a refuge for much more than 270 bird species.

There is actually hardly any time for navel gazing taking place right here on the side of this hill. This would certainly be actually sensible for real estate investors who have actually not taken a placement in the firm to stand by up until the Trans Mountain range Expansion is actually ditched prior to investing. You are still heading to operate your cardio along with the mountaineer but the heavy hauling is essentially done. A great collection of mountain climbers will endless up in alleviation, rather, that will certainly end up you scrounging for some pain reliever because your core will definitely be shedding.

So whether you wish to kayak, kayak, mountain bicycle or walking, finding this stunning land will be a journey for all the loved ones. Bowhunting for mountain range whitetails in the West holds all type of commitment and journey. When buying the best hill bike online, there are actually plenty from rebates and also offers available. He is actually seemingly been actually up there for concerning a week, however went to the hill resort earlier this year also. If you were actually to review mountain component to part, you would certainly devote the entire bicycling period looking at details rather than taking on the routes. I am a knowledgeable hill biker and also I just got a Specialized Pitch 27.7 for a family member for $425.00. I possess many bikes that are actually much more expensive however I discover this bike to become an enjoyable to use, durable, effectively balanced hardtail with great parts. White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica): their habitat is actually north from North Andean mountain coati's homeland. Summer months is the best time to climb this mountain range as erratic weather condition throughout the winter season could possibly create this impossible. First controlled officially in 1953 by Sir Edmund Hillary and also sherpa Tenzing Norgay in 1953, Mount Everest, which spans Nepal and China, is the planet's highest hill. The Diamondback Women's Lux Mtb is just one of the most ideal entry-level mtb for ladies. He doesn't say tell me regarding the mountain; it goes without saying he recognizes our requirements long before we carry all of them in request. As you can find below, Iron Mountain has actually displayed really stable Adjusted EBITDA development (+24.4%) and returns development (+13.4%). As an example, when James Morier, a British diplomat and traveller, went to the Ararat area at the beginning from the nineteenth century, he listened to tales that the hill was inhabited by powder snow earthworms" tiny white colored worms therefore cool that they could efficiently cool down a large dish from sherbet".

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kayawagner · 6 years ago

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Vintage Stock Art [BUNDLE]

Publisher: Skirmisher Publishing

This special 67% off bundle contains eight sets of vintage stock art from the late 19th and early 20th century, comprising more than 210 high-resolution images of arms, armor, weapons, monsters, battlefields, boats, military personnel, ships, and illustrations of an epic adventure.

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merzifontarihi · 7 years ago

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Üç asır önce yaşadığı zannedilen Şair Neyli: "Tecessüs eylesen serhadd-i Bağdat ile İran'ı Bulunmaz işbu resme Merzifon'un misl-ü akrânı Gelir âb-ü havası her taraftan kûh-ü kühsarın Akar her köşesinde çeşme-i âb-ı firavan İhata eylemiş etrafını çün bağ ve bostanı" diyerek Merzifon'un eşi benzeri bulunmayan, çevresi bağ ve bahçelerle çevrili adeta cennetten bir köşe olduğunu ifade ederken, Polonyalı seyyah Simeon'un seyahatnamesinde "...pek çok meyve bahçeleri olan Merzifon" cümlesiyle şehrimizin bağ ve bahçelerine vurgu yapıyor. İngiliz diplomat, yazar, seyyah James Morier Temmuz 1809'da geldiği Merzifon'un dört bir yanının ceviz ağaçları ile kaplı olduğunu belirtiyor. 1931 yılında vefat eden İbrahim Cudi'de "Bir şehri kim cevanibin almış hezarı bağ" ifadesiyle şehrimizin her tarafında bülbül öten bağların olduğunu söylüyor. İskender Haki tarafından Taşan Dergisinde yazılan bir makalede " Merzifon şehri; havası, suyu, ormanı, yaylası, ovası, bağı-bahçesi, hulâsa ihtiyaç duyulan bütün kaynakları itibarıyla tabiatın en zengin servet hazineleri üstüne kurulmuş küçük bir İsviçre'dir" şeklinde anlatılıyor. Yine 1954 yılında Merzifon Belediyesi tarafından yayınlanmış olan "Merzifon" adlı eserin önsözünde "Merzifon zümrüt gibi yeşil ve mamur bir kazadır. Güneş, yeşil meyve yaprakları arasından haddeden geçer gibi süzülerek Merzifon toprağına damla damla dökülür."deniliyor. Kocabağlar, Ucuzluk Bağları… Bu bağlar şimdilerde adı ile yaşıyor. Narenciye dışında nerdeyse her şey yetişmekte. Yeşil Irmak’ın yarattığı mikro klima Akdeniz iklimi ile Tokat, Turhal, Taşova ve Amasya dolaylarında görülen nar ve incir kısım kısım Merzifon’a kadar sıçrıyor… Avrupa’da Mozart Şarabı’na dönüşen Marzemino’nun üzümlerinin anavatanı da Merzifon’u, doğu ve batı yönünden çeviren 12. yüzyılda Piri Baba’nın kebap pişirdiği ve kerametlerine de mekân olan bu meşhur bağları. Buraların üzümü, Merzifon karası olarak nam salıyor. Bu nam neredeyse tüm yeryüzüne yayılmış Barış Aliplik. (Merzifon Tarihi)

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svenk4978068121-blog · 7 years ago

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Effective Ways To Keep CALM In Taxing Conditions.

Marvin Heemeyer of Granby, Colorado was actually a greatly annoyed muffler repair service guy. Equally as Frodo possessed his mountain to maintain him paid attention to his target, our company need Christ as ours. Veggie Mountain range has actually established itself as a convenient and also reliable resource of coffee in services and properties. This remarkable coffee is developed in the magnificent Blue Range of mountains in Jamaica reaching out to approximately 7,402 shoes (2,256 meters) at the highest optimal, hence producing it one of the highest produced coffees on the planet. From unfamiliar alleyway to the famous Blue Ridge Parkway regardless of your type or skill the Blue Spine mountain ranges are a bicycle rider's bliss Annually, lots of bike lovers get through the various first-rate trails that wind throughout the location. As a result of the extremes in temperature as well as the distinct habitat the mountain offers there is an incredibly exclusive native vegetation and also animals that could be found there certainly. That went to this factor that I realized I must expand the history hill all the way up to the canvass side. For instance, when James Morier, a British mediator as well as traveller, saw the Ararat area at the beginning from the 19th century, he listened to stories that the mountain range was actually dwelled by snow worms" little white colored worms thus cool that they could properly cool down a sizable bowl from ice cream". Negative Gnashed its small teeth with each other as well as tried in vain, to free of charge itself, however the mountain range from bad luck was actually simply fitandbeautyblog.info undue. Three Pakistani high-altitude porters and a United States climber got to Confortola after competing up the mountain range to carry him to the camping ground where food items and medicine were actually hanging around, he claimed. You know that you may assert to be master from the hill however if nobody is there to value it, then you are actually merely speaking to your own self. The attempts created, and also efforts had by different mountain cycling associations aid to enhance the understanding regarding this sporting activity. Thus while he is actually slaughtered due to his own enthusiasm and also thirst for vengeance, inevitably this's Royal prince Oberyn that triumphs as the poisonous substance used causes the Mountain to pass away a slow-moving, agonizing death in awesome ache. The Herschend Household Home entertainment Corporation currently has a long-lasting agreement to work playground tourist attractions while the Rock Mountain Memorial Association retains ownership as well as the right to refuse any type of job regarded as unfit. Ucore board participant Jaroslav Dostal, an emeritus professor at St. Mary's College in Halifax, Nova Scotia, was lead writer of the Bokan Mountain range study. Coffee grown outside heaven Mountain Region is pertained to as Jamaican High Hill, which is actually comparable in body and balance yet usuallies be a little much more acid to the honed tastes from the aficionado. Whether you favor road bicycling or off street" path riding, electrifying trips along with exceptional mountain scenery await the cycling fanatic. Generally, the size of your weights matters much less if you are actually doing the workouts incorrect. The goal must be among centered and also important thinking, using previous encounters to determine traits which may perhaps go wrong and also apply steps to prevent these. Known for scenic scenes, spirited mountain range music and also Appalachian crafts as well as fine arts, the area is actually an optimal selection for a charming retreat or weekend break trip.

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karissalegere1-blog · 7 years ago

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Mountain Bike Trails.

Inning accordance with Hypervocal, Reddit may have actually been actually the offender, with that website as well as 4chan currently implicating each other. Some of these hills feature our hotels Stratton and Tremblant together with our partner retreats Killington and also Sunday River and also our retreats including Boat and Winter season Park in addition to our partner retreats Significant Ski and Copper Mountain Range in the West. As a result web from the subscription in Bluebird, Reddish Mountain will certainly get US$ 0.6 million (A$ 0.8 million) in cash money, including repayment from the Bluebird Loans with interest and prices as well as 25% shared venture additions. And Afua, so everybody is actually clear I understand, others talk to question as well, I merely wish to say again that when our team - in the direction our company're featuring only the genuine - merely the actual varieties, that's not pro-forma, so this is actually only the 9 months that our company will actually possess beautiful-you-body.info the full 100% from those and simply to offer you some standard background, Blue had a very solid summertime organisation. Emerging coming from this ancient sea possibly at the origins of lifestyle on its own that also pre-dates dinosaurs, the never-ending motion from the planet's crust eventually pushed this remarkably early sea salt bedroom after in to the Himalayan Chain of mountains. Back a lot more directly to the subject matter of thinking ahead: We invariably learn how to live in the then" as well as there" instead of the listed below" and also now." Success for example is actually nearly always put at the top from some optimal, a mountain hard to climb as well as demanding-- what else-- reparation. For instance, when James Morier, a British ambassador and also traveller, went to the Ararat area at the beginning from the 19th century, he listened to stories that the hill was occupied by snowfall earthworms" little white worms so chilly that they might properly cool a large bowl of ice cream". At the top from the pass, the prominent social land named Cash cow Homes is actually a shelter for residents that delight in backcountry snow skiing or boarding, mountain range cycling and also hiking through the guarded property in between Sodium Lake Urban Area as well as Park Area. If you examine Millionaires in Multi Level Marketing as I possess, as well as including my past upline's Effectiveness and the Success I was actually luckied along with, you will certainly locate that their attitude felt like a fled merchandise learn diminishing a mountain range.

I am actually an experienced mountain range biker as well as I merely purchased a Specialized Sound 27.7 for a family member for $425.00. I have several bikes that are a lot more expensive yet I discover this bike to become an exciting to use, strong, well balanced hardtail along with excellent parts. This community from Carolina mountain residences possesses play areas, gazebos, parks, picnic locations, horseshoe pits, sandy beach going swimming area, baseball fields, baseball courts, soccer ranges with a concession stand, watercraft ramps, sportfishing, docks and boat docks. Although our team feel great in Mr. Marano's management capability, which is actually illustrated through his different executive parts, we presume that he may be doing not have the required understanding and experience that could be needed to operating a hill hotel.

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