#its not technically insufflation | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

arabellaflynn · 6 years ago

Text

I finally caved and bought myself a pair of magic earplugs. I murder earbuds. I spent the years 1999-2016 inclusive destroying pair after pair of earbuds by getting the cord wrapped around something, or the bud caught under a heavy thing in the bottom of my bag, and yanking. I'm moderately fussy about earbuds in the same way I'm moderately fussy about shampoo -- which is to say, not very, but I do need something at least one step above cheap. My very favorite ones were Sony MDR-E9s, which were $10 a pair for a good ten years, and were absolutely everywhere until Sony broke my heart by discontinuing them. I ruined about a pair a month, on average. RIP, all my pretty blue earbuds. I graduated to Bluetooth earbuds when I got tired of knocking headphones off my noggin when practicing with my hoops. I tried braiding the wires (and at one point the actual Sansa Clip MP3 player) into my hair, but there's no way to do that and also keep the pads on or the earbuds in while I'm moving. You have no idea how much time you spend untangling yourself from your goddamn headphone cords until you don't have to do it anymore. Not having a tether always running from my head to my bag got me down from $10 a month to $35-40 once or twice a year, which was nice. They survive me long enough for the battery or USB port to flake out, which as cheap as I am, is about six months. Generally I got the ones with a wire linking the two buds. Acesori is nice for the (very low) price, as is Phaizer. (The magnetic backs are a nice touch -- they're meant to stick to each other when you wear them around your neck, but the buds are light enough that they'll also stick to, like, the fridge, or the side of my clothing rack, even with the USB charge cable hanging off of them.) I wanted the magical musical earplugs, but when I started looking around for them, AirPods were $160 when you tried to buy them without an iPhone attached. That's about $120 more than any sane person ought to be paying for a set of tiny speakers, no matter how snazzy they are. No. Just, no. I finally drove another set of Phaizers into the ground, so I went looking around on Amazon, and lo and behold, true wireless earbuds are down in the $35-40 range now. I have trouble convincing myself to spend money on just about anything, but I really do use these things every single day, and I go mad without a music player, so I gritted my teeth and clicked the order button. My main thought is, "I'm gonna lose these damn things someday." MicroSD cards have already gotten down to the point where you could accidentally insufflate the equivalent of the Library of Congress, and I have several times had to play hot-and-cold with my earbuds to find where I put the fucking phone down. ("My podcast is still running, it has to be in the house somewhere.") Now I have little plastic things smaller than my thumb joint that are streaming music into my ears from my tablet, that is... somewhere on the bed? And running Google Play Music, so it's actually spooling data from servers in, I have no idea, California? Iowa? The Marianas Trench? Who knows. It just finished playing something Samira Saïd recorded in Arabic like twenty years ago. I'm training myself to put them back into the case every single time I take them out of my ears. I've made it like three days and I still know where both of them are. So far, so good. I bought these, if anyone cares. I have no idea why they all insist they are for iPhone/Samsung; Bluetooth is Bluetooth, and they play fine with a really rather nice Lenovo IdeaPad Touch, a perfectly acceptable Kindle Fire 7, and an Alcatel OneTouch "smartphone" that rides the short bus to phone school. The case is also the charger; each bud is supposed to get 3-4 hours of play on a 45 mAh battery, with an additional 650 mAh reservoir in the case, which should be enough to cope even with me. They're about 98% as awesome as I thought they would be. The sound quality is solidly "$35 earbuds". They're not hyperintelligent Bose noise-canceling studio headphones. You are not going to master an album on these. On the other hand, they're pretty good earplugs -- that's how they stay in place. Any drivers with halfway decent bass response are going to sound pretty good when you jam them directly into your ear canals. The tannoy on the T sounds like the grown-ups in the Charlie Brown cartoons when I have them in, but the tannoy on the T sounds mostly like that when I have them out, too. The important part is that I can hear my music, and I cannot hear the conversation you're having on your speakerphone in the middle of the train car about that embarrassing medical condition, and that's all I care about. The downside is that they are not especially robust, and they're too small to have any controls on the earbud itself. The ones with the linking wire have the charge port/battery/buttons on one bud and I'm pretty sure the Bluetooth module is in the other; these have to have a Bluetooth chip and battery in each earplug, which doesn't leave a lot of room for anything else, so the only control on the earbuds themselves is a single click button. One click on either bud for play/pause, and press-hold to turn them on or off individually. You have to do everything else on the actual widget that is streaming the audio. I know most people are already staring at their phones all the time, but mine doth not internet, so it's usually in my bag, and I have to dig it out to skip a song. The earbuds have a very anxious-preoccupied attachment style with respect to the phone, and hate intervening walls, but I suspect I probably could have solved that issue by spending another $10 on them. In theory, they're Class III devices, which should have a range of about 10 meters, but in practice they're twitchy and have no real shielding, so if there's anything weird like power lines or catenary wires around, they get more like 5-10 feet. I shouldn't ever be farther from my bag than that, but still. The most interesting glitch is one I didn't expect. Instead of both pairing with the device, one bud pairs with the device, then the second bud pairs with the first. If there's any lag at all -- because, I don't know, the impedance of my head has suddenly changed? -- the audio gets ever so slightly out of sync. Like, milliseconds. It's not noticeable at all with music, where the stereo field tends to be wide and the background very busy, but it makes audiobooks or podcasts sound odd. If it's not specifically done as a radio drama, voice-only things tend to be recorded as if they're mono, from a single mic with no spatial orientation, but mixed down as two identical stereo channels, because everything expects stereo nowadays and it's easier than trying to dig through the menus for that one weird setting. The result is a voice track that seems to originate from a source that's "nowhere"/somewhere the middle of your head. When the buds slip out of sync, the slight temporal shift effectively becomes a slight shift in stereo phase, which suddenly either makes the voice seem to have a physical location, or be coming simultaneously from a source on either side, depending on how long the delay is. It's interesting on a technical level, but mildly annoying, so I've taken to just sticking one of the buds back into its case if I want to listen to podcasts. Which is what I do most of the time with the ones that hang around my neck anyway, so I can hear the stop announcements on the bus. Ain't technology grand? from Blogger https://ift.tt/2MYCro4 via IFTTT -------------------- Enjoy my writing? Consider becoming a Patron, subscribing via Kindle, or just toss a little something in my tip jar. Thanks!

#IFTTT #Blogger #Unsolicited Advice

1 note · View note

biomedgrid · 4 years ago

Text

Biomed Grid | Treatment for Colorectal Cancer: Robot-assisted vs Laparoscopic Surgery

Abstract

Over the past few years, Robotic surgery has been an emerging field in colorectal surgery. Over years there has been continuous shift towards minimally invasive procedures with enormous potential advantages, but progress is impeded because of limited evidence, lack of technology and cost of expenditure. However, recent advances and feedback in robotic surgery and single-port incision in laparoscopic surgery are likely to improve surgical outcomes for treatment of colorectal cancer. Currently, laparoscopic surgery is preferred for colorectal cancer over open surgery and its usefulness is unquestionable. Laparoscopic surgery has become the standard of practice for various digestive tract surgeries. Although, robotassisted is gold standard for various other procedures, more research is needed to prove its safety and efficacy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Robotic surgery may overcome limitations of laparoscopic surgery such as assistant dependent camera movements, retraction issues, lack of userfriendly environment and rigid instrumentation. Prolonged operative time, learning time, increased expenses and more trauma to the patient and family are major drawbacks of robotic surgery. In recent years robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied, again with lack of comparison and evidence over conventional laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study is to compare robotic-assisted surgery and laparoscopicassisted surgery for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Complication; Estimated blood loss; Length of hospital stay; Network meta-analysis; Operation time

Introduction

Colorectal malignant growth is a disease that begins in the colon or the rectum. These malignant growths can likewise be named colon disease or rectal malignant growth, contingent upon where they begin. Colon malignant growth and rectal disease are regularly gathered together collectively as they share same features. CRC is the third most generally analysed malignant growth in men and the second in women, with 1.8 million new cases and very nearly 861,000 deaths in 2018 as indicated by the World Health Organization. Throughout the decade, open medical procedure was considered the far reaching and objective standard for treatment and medical procedure of colorectal malignant growth. The point of careful treatment is tumour size, lymphatic waste, lymph node resection alongside clear careful edges. [1-6] In recent years there have been changes towards minimally invasive procedures and techniques, including the widespread adoption of laparoscopy techniques as an alternative to treat colorectal cancer instead of open surgery.

Kitano showed that contrasted and open medical procedure, laparoscopic medical procedure was a standard treatment for colon disease with shorter emergency clinic remains, quicker recuperation, improved rate of wound contamination, and diminished ago ny [1,3, 5,7-10]. Alongside advantages comes the downsides which incorporates inflexible instrumentation, absence of representation, poor withdrawal abilities alongside camera help and absence of innovation [2]. Robotic surgery was developed to overcome the technical difficulties of conventional laparoscopy. Robotic surgery has been advantageous because of its 3-dimensional operating field, surgeon operated camera field for better visualization. In addition to that there are studies about robotic systems especially the da Vinci Xi – a robot performing colorectal surgery has been found to be better performing and more efficient over the conventional laparoscopic surgery. Almost most of the controversy surrounding the use of robotic surgery remains around the fact that robotic surgery has high expenditure and longer operative hours leading to trauma to patient and families and tiring to the doctor as well. However, further advancement in this field has been limited by a plethora of challenges that must be addressed, including difficult implementation, and still somewhat limited technologies [10-12].

Although the limitations of laparoscopic surgery are met by robotic surgery, but the question arises whether these advantages are enough to offset the cost of robots. Furthermore, there has not been enough research performed over the blood loss, hospital stay, complications of the procedures and recurrence rate comparing both robotic surgery and laparoscopy surgery. The advancement in robotic surgery has leads to shorter learning curve and has been showed beneficial in various gynaecologic surgeries but its advantages in colorectal surgery are still been controversial [3,4,7,13-15]. Also, studies are very weak comparing both techniques and better clinical and surgical outcomes of the same. This investigation means to compare robotic assisted and laparoscopic ways to deal with colon and rectal methods to illustrate any distinctions in results.

Methods

Data collection and analysis

This study was a systematic review of publications in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases and the Cochrane Library comparing laparoscopic and robotic assisted colorectal surgery procedures. Databases were searched irrespective of dates under the Medical title “Robotic colorectal surgery” “Laparoscopic colorectal surgery” and “Robotic versus laparoscopic colorectal surgery”. This study was a meta-analysis of several eligible studies from public resources, thus informed consent and approval were not necessary.

Inclusion criteria

Publications were fused into the examination in case they met the going with criteria: relative examinations taking a gander at laparoscopic versus robotic colorectal frameworks, paying little regard to type (e.g, right hemicolectomy, low principal resection, sigmoid resection); randomized controlled primers, controlled clinical fundamentals, or observational examinations, if they were close in nature; and [7] studies were included but not limited to estimated operative time, amount of blood loss, postoperative outcomes, operative complications and conversions.

Exclusion criteria

Studies were excluded if the studies had incomplete data or if the study cannot be statically analysed. Studies were also excluded on the basis if they were letter and comments. Also, the literature which included the same population demographics were also excluded. Only the literature which had complete results and include various demographics of population were included.

Operative Techniques

Laparoscopic surgery

Patient was placed in lithotomy position and general anaesthesia was induced and both arms were adjusted alongside the body. Patient was tilted about 15 degrees opposite to the side of the tumour i.e. left colon cancer patient will be tilted towards right side. The inflation of abdomen with CO2 is achieved (pneumoperitoneum) through inserting needle in a 1mm port near umbilical area. The insufflator is set to 12-14 mmHg. A 12mm port is inserted 2cm below the umbilicus. Another 8mm port is inserted under direct vision in the upper quadrant which will be used as Arm 1. Other two 8mm ports are placed 4cm away from the symphysis pubis and 5 cm away from the xiphoid process serving as Arm 2 and 3 respectively. One 12-mm port is set under direct vision in the left-lower quadrant, to some degree below average contrasted with one side spin umbilical line (SUL) and insignificantly sidelong to the other side MCL. The use of inferior contrasted with preferable dissection over ligate and division the ileocolic vessels (supply course and vein), right colic vessels (conductor and vein), and right piece of the inside colic vessels (hallway and vein, as vital) [1,8, 9,11,12,16-18]. After satisfaction of get together of the ileum, cecum, rising colon, and proximal transverse colon. The precedent is isolated through this damage and is transacted. Simultaneously12`wz, hand-sewn from beginning to end anastomosis was performed extra-corporeally [7,8,19,20].

Robotic surgery

Patient was placed in lithotomy position after induction of general anaesthesia. The careful framework comprises of a control module with a top quality, three-dimensional (3D) camera where the specialist sits and controls effector mechanical arms in an “ace slave”. Every framework has an endoscope and three to four effector arms that join Endo Wrist gadgets, or tradable instruments that can be controlled with more prominent mobility than the human wrist. [6-8,15,21] While new frameworks are as of now being developed and will probably result in both monetary and innovation rivalry, the da Vinci remains the pioneer in mechanical careful innovation. Mechanical autonomy enables the specialist to see 3D pictures, acquire better points with the expanded degrees of opportunity given by the EndoWrist, and control three distinct instruments at the same time [10,22] Laparoscopic surgery is attainable and totally tantamount to open medical procedure, with points of interest in postoperative entanglements and emergency clinic remain.

Rectal laparoscopic resection is additionally plausible, and the investigations performed to date recommend that short and longhaul results are practically identical to open medical procedure. Regardless of the upsides of the laparoscopic approach for colorectal restorative system, this procedure has a couple of limitations, for instance, loss of the 3D vision, obstacles in the open-door degrees of the cautious instruments, the escalation of the physiological tremor and the “support” sway [20,22]. Although robotic surgery provides surgeons with various advantages which make complex laparoscopic procedures like identifying important neurovascular structures and intra-corporeal suturing in a deep and narrow pelvis easier. The absence of near investigations among robotic and laparoscopic approaches in regard to explicit results, joined with the expense of new innovation like the da Vinci robot (Intuitive Surgical), is a restrictive factor for across the board selection of the robot in numerous medical clinic focuses [3,7,8].

Statistical analysis

The meta-analysis of activity time assessed blood misfortune, length of clinic remains and complexity, mortality, anastomotic spillage, wound contamination, dying, and ileus. Socioeconomics and other applicable information were gathered, including study configuration, number of patients who experienced mechanical systems, number of patients who experienced laparoscopic methods, tolerant age, weight file, quantities of people, history of stomach medical procedure, and sign for medical procedure. All information was removed from the articles’ content, tables, and considers and entered along with an electronic spreadsheet for examination. For constant results, mean net contrasts (benchmark to-treatment change in treatment bunch mirrors change in charge gathering) were utilized as essential results. For clear cut results, chances proportions were utilized to analyse the treatment impact. To evaluate distribution inclination, channel plots were built for every result. No noteworthy distribution predisposition was identified for any investigation result utilizing either measurable strategy. Furthermore, affectability examinations were directed by barring each investigation thusly, to assess its relative impact on the pooled evaluation [3,6-8,11,15].

Results

A total of 51 studies were identified and inclusion criteria was applied as illustrated in figure 1. After careful evaluation of titles, abstract, full text analysis and screening 5 studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were included for meta-analysis. A study which has a total of 1481 patients, out of which 807 patients underwent LACS and 674 underwent RACS. Another study was taken where 18 were right hemicolectomy, 1 sigmoidectomy, 3 abdominoperineal resection, 3 low anterior resection and 4 concomitant liver resections. Both the studies were used to compare Robotic and Laparoscopic methods of 2 different set of patients. [7,8, 23,24] Comparison of operating time, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, probability of complication, probability of anastomic leak and mortality for various patients is demonstrated in Figure 2. Calm measurement data and traits of the 2 clusters are seemed Table 1. There were no tremendous differences between the social events to the extent age, BMI, or history of stomach medicinal methodology.

Figure 1: Strategy to identify different research articles of the field and differentiation of the necessary papers.

Table 1: Comparing robotic and laparoscopic surgeries with age, gender, BMI, Diagnosis, Type of operation and Other medical diseases.

The mean time of patients encountering laparoscopic restorative system versus mechanical therapeutic method was 61.1 ± 10.7 years versus 61.1 ± 8.5 years (P = .997), the mean BMI was 28.9 ± 6.3 versus 26.2 ± 4.2 (P = .158), and the rate with a past loaded up with stomach medicinal technique was 44.0% versus 26.7% (P = .273). There was a basic qualification to the extent sex, with more patients being male and encountering mechanized therapeutic method (86.7% versus 52.0%, P = .026). There was no significant qualification in cautious sign between the 2 social occasions (P = .303) [1,7,8,25,26]. Eighteen patients experienced right hemicolectomy, 1 encountered a sigmoidectomy, 3 experienced abdominoperineal resection (APR), and 3 experienced low front resection (LAR) performed laparoscopically.

Figure 2: (A) Results of rank probability for operation time (B) Results of rank probability for estimated blood loss (C) Results of rank probability for length of hospital stay (D) Results of rank of probability for complication (E) Results of probability of mortality (F) Results of probability of anatomic leak LACS- Laparoscopic assisted colorectal surgery RACS- Robotic assisted colorectal surgery.

Meta-Analysis

Estimated operative time

The value of operative time ranged between 1.00 to 1.01 good iterative effect and completely stable results. The result of meta- analysis presented in Figure 2(A) revealed that almost both laparoscopic and robotic surgery takes about the same amount of operative time with robotic taking a little more amount of time comparatively. [3,7,8,25,27] Although the relative difference between both is almost negligible.

Estimated blood loss

The analysis blood loss ranged from 1.00 to 1.01, proving nearly stable results as seen in Figure 2 (B). Result of meta-analysis reveals that comparative robotic surgery had more blood loss than laparoscopic surgery [1,7,8,27,28].

Estimated meta-analysis of length of hospital stay

The model of length of clinic stay had total assembly, great iterative impact, and stable outcomes. The consequences of the meta-examination uncovered that patients who experienced RACS had the briefest length of emergency clinic remain as illustrated in Figure 2 (C) [2,7,13-15].

Estimated rate of complications

The Figure 2 (D) suggests that the consequences of the meta-investigation uncovered that the inconvenience rate in patients who experienced RACS was the least, yet there was no huge contrast. [3,6,7,28].

Estimated analysis of mortality

The analysis of mortality went from 1.00 to 1.01, demonstrating total intermingling, great iterative impact, and stable consequences of the model as seen in Figure 2 (E). The outcomes demonstrated that the death rate in patients who experienced RACS was the least, yet there was no noteworthy distinction contrasted and those in patients who experienced LACS. [1,7,8,13,15].

Estimated analysis of anastomotic leak

The analysis of anastomotic spillage went from 1.00 to 1.01, showing total assembly, great iterative impact, and stable consequence of the model. Figure 2 (F) suggests these outcomes uncovered that the rate of anastomotic spillage in patients who experienced LACS was the least; however, there was no huge contrast contrasted and those in patients who experienced RACS [1,3,7,8].

Estimated analysis of wound infection and bleeding

The results revealed that the rate of wound infection in patients who underwent LACS was the least, but there was no significant difference compared with that in patients who underwent RACS. The result demonstrates that the rate of seeping in patients who experienced RACS was the least, yet there was no noteworthy contrast contrasted and those in patients who experienced LACS. The oncologic qualities of the colorectal undertakings performed for tumour resection were moreover noted (Figure 3). There was no tremendous difference in tumour sort out or histologic assessment between the 2 social occasions [1,7,8,22,23,26]. Furthermore, there were no basic differentiation in the amount of lymph centre points harvested between the laparoscopic gathering and the robotic surgery. No resections performed for damage yielded positive edges in either assembling.

Figure 3: Comparing laparoscopic and robotic surgery for different types and stages of tumor.

Discussion

A network meta-analysis is performed comparing the curative effects of LACS and RACS in this study. Laparoscopic surgery has been widely accepted over open surgery for colorectal cancer. LACS has shown benefits and is also safer comparatively. For example, patients that have underwent laparoscopy surgery for colorectal cancer have demonstrated that it can yield a diminished length of hospital stay, oncologically sufficient resection, and no distinctions in postoperative stay [1,6,10,22,24]. In view of concentrates like these, laparoscopy is presently viewed as an adequate option in contrast to an open surgery in colorectal resection. However, conversion to open surgery still stays as a big pitfall for LACS. With the advent of new technology, RACS is now the growing field in medicine and is widely accepted for surgery in bariatric, urology, gynaecology and various other fields. [8,11,13,17,26]. The prevalence of RACS, one of the most recent advancements in laparoscopic medical procedure, has been expanding since it was first performed in cholecystectomy in 2001(Table 2).

The careful method is improved by the properties of the robot framework, for example, able to use both hands ability, 3-dimensional view, and tremor elimination. Similar to our examination, past investigations announced that RACS had the longest activity time [1,3,9,24,26]. However, it is important that the task time of RACS is negligible in progressively complex pelvic processes. However, the self-sufficiency of RACS is superior to that of LACS. A past report referenced that the expense of RACS was a lot higher than that of LACS. Also, it has been proposed that the length of medical procedure in the RACS was longer than that in the LACS gathering, while the quantity of lymph nodes collected, resection edge freedom, postoperative agony score, careful difficulties, and clinic stay were similar. The task times were accounted for to be altogether longer in patients treated with robots than that treated with lap aroscopy, though there were no contrasts between the 2 bunches as to entanglements and emergency clinic stay, which was like our outcomes. Two arrangement looking at RACS and LACS in right colectomy have shown that RACS has a more extended case time and higher all out medical clinic cost than LACS however comparative evaluated blood loss and length of emergency clinic stay.

Table 2: Comparing data between different articles for type of surgery, number of patients, conversion rate, positive circumferential resection margin, operative time and complication rate for both laparoscopic and robotic surgery.

It isn’t vital for RACS and LACS to change over to the open approach. Although there was no huge clinical preferred standpoint for RACS in assessed blood loss, length of emergency clinic remains, and confusion rate contrasted and LACS, the lymph nodes around primary veins could be cleaned effectively dependent on the steady camera stage [1,3-9,16,18,22] . In addition, RACS gave solace to the specialist by giving a superior usable act. Also, the conversion rate to open was very low in RCS compared to LACS, which proves as an added benefit. An exceptionally intriguing investigation from Kang et al, contrasted three gatherings of patients and mid and low rectal tumours treated with either open, laparoscopic or robotic methodology [14,21-23,27]. They saw that the robotic gathering had a quicker postoperative recuperation with a lower emergency clinic remain, less agony and better example quality. The sickness free survival rate was comparative in all gatherings three years after medical procedure [29]. A noteworthy debilitation for specialist’s keen on figuring out how to utilize a careful robot is the loss of touch vibe that is of huge significance in various methodology.

The activity of a specialist who can’t feel the distinctive tissues and strain turns out to be significantly increasingly troublesome, and the dangers of aperture and damage increment. Furthermore, while “hand-sewn” procedures are all the more promptly performed with apply autonomy over laparoscopy, the tissue pressure on the sutures should be accumulated from obvious signals. [7,8,13,28] These hindrances likewise exist in conventional laparoscopic methodologies and it is conceivable that new robotic innovation might almost certainly beat them. Despite the fact that this meta-analysis is extensive and the most present assessment of robotic and laparoscopic ways to deal with colon and rectal medical procedure to date, it ought to be deciphered with regards to some limitations [2-4,11]. This has various ramifications on the information, including consequences for the usable time and perioperative entanglements. Second, the scarcity of current randomized controlled preliminaries further constrains the consequences of meta-analysis. [3] Besides, not the majority of the investigations provided details regarding all results inspected inside this examination, prompting varieties in the included example sizes and factual power between results. Each investigation has its own inclinations and restrictions, with various incorporation and prohibition criteria, changing signs for medical procedure, and distinctive sorts of included colorectal strategies. [12,16,17,21].

Conclusion

Taking everything into account, the present system meta-analysis proposes that RACS may be a superior treatment for CRC. Robotic surgery would in general have longer operative time, less blood loss, and a lower rate of change to laparotomy compared to laparoscopic surgery. However, future examinations including forthcoming randomized controlled preliminaries and cost-adequacy is needed to decide if robotic surgery will have it say in colorectal techniques.

Acknowledgment

The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work.

Read More About this Article: https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume4/treatment-for-colorectal-cancer-robot-assisted-vs-laparoscopic-surgery.000856.php

For more about: Journals on Biomedical Science :Biomed Grid | Current Issue

#biomedgrid #American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research #Journals on Biomedical Intervention #Biomedical science articles

0 notes

tipsycad147 · 5 years ago

Text

THORNAPPLE, GENDER AND RITUAL APPLICATION

THORNAPPLE, GENDER AND RITUAL APPLICATION | COBY MICHAEL WARD

Posted on September 16, 2019 By Crooked Bear Creek Organic Herbs

Cultivating the Devil’s Apple aka Thornapple

I spent part of this afternoon harvesting my Thornapple plants. One of them grew to be close to five feet high! The Thornapple I grew this year is a Datura stramonium var. tatula; similar to the common Datura stramonium only it is less shrubby and has lavender-purple flowers. I harvested leaves, seedpods, and stems. I have a few workshops coming up over Samhain season on different aspects of the Poison Path and like to have the actual plants on hand for anyone interested in working with them. Part of my bargain with said plants is to make them available to others and teach people how to use them. All parts of the plant are going to be put to various uses. The leaves are dried and used for spirit offerings, intense personal cleansing and as spell ingredients. The stems, when dried become hard and woody making them great for wands, working tools, and ritual fetishes. Of course, the seeds are spread around for others to grow and I will also be using some to make oil infusions. The pods, I incorporate into various herbal amulets and also fill with herbs, and seal them with wax to create a loaded jack ball type charm. It is amazing all of the diverse uses that can be discovered when working with just a single herb.

While spending time harvesting the Thornapple, making it offerings and being pricked by its spines (which usually leaves me itching for a while); I received new insights and inspiration in regards to working with the plant in magic. Appropriately, I am also taking Harold Roth’s Six Baneful Herbs class online. The first plant that was discussed was Thornapple. This discussion really got me thinking about the nature of this plant, in particular, its spirit. So far I am loving Harold’s class, and look forward to the next few weeks to come! He will be offering the class in the future, and more information can be found on his website Alchemy Works.

The Non-Binary Nature of Plants Spirits

In some ways, plants are like humans. Their moods and behaviours changed from day to day, and are often influenced by external factors. Plant spirits are also very non-human, and trying to describe them in human terms often leaves one with the feeling of chasing smoke. To say that a plant is primarily masculine or feminine based on its characteristics is one example of this losing battle; while herbs may exhibit some characteristics that could be described as one or the other this is largely a human construct. Plant spirits are vast and do not fit into human terms. Even physically many plants have parts that are both male and female. When it comes to Datura I have heard it being described as very masculine, aggressive and temperamental. However, I have also seen it described in terms that are considered more feminine. For example, because of its vespertine nature, it is associated with the Moon, psychic ability, intuition and the sub-conscious-all things that are ruled by more feminine energies.

While some plants are undeniably more fiery and active in their action and others are more watery and passive; I have found that the majority of plants particularly those associated with spirituality and expanding consciousness disrupt the whole gender paradigm. After exploring these plants on a spiritual, energetic and symbolic level for many years I have come to the conclusion they contain both energies and are defined by neither.

Thornapple as an example, at first glance it appears to be a very masculine plant. The Stramonium variety has deeply serrated-spiny leaves, and the thorns on its seed pods are very sharp and erect. When ingested it often causes aggressive behaviour, mood swings, and paranoia. On the other hand, Thornapple is used as a sedative, a pain reliever and to soothe exhaustion. Varieties like Datura inoxia have soft-ovate leaves of a dark lush green. Considering the herb’s esoteric characteristics we are looking at a plant that displays both martial and lunar aspects, while technically being a Saturnian plant. One of the defining characteristics of Saturn, as seen in the Roman festival of Saturnalia is an inversion of social norms. Binary gender is a social norm that is currently undergoing a rapid deconstruction.

Considering this, while Thornapple does have these characteristics they can all be applied to the opposite gender that they would initially be associated with. The martial characteristics, for me, bring to mind the Valkyrie, the shieldmaiden, the Amazonian warrior and Celtic chieftain; all roles filled by women. On the other hand, I see the wounded-healer, the two-souled shaman, the trickster and the androgynous gods of light and art. The outdated gender binary is undergoing a Saturnian entropy, a static paradigm being broken down and reborn into something more reflective of our spiritual natures.

Magical Applications and Physical Characteristics

Thornapple has been used in rites of passage by indigenous Americans for centuries. It is a plant, with the exception of a couple of varieties that are native to the Americas. Its application as a catalyst for these liminal rites and its role as a gatekeeper to esoteric wisdom make it a powerful ally for aiding transitions, for letting go and for healing the trauma of the past. I just recently recommended it to a lady who was dealing with anger and other emotional issues related to ancestral trauma. I think of Thornapple as a “spirit food herb” like tobacco or sweetgrass. As such, I feel like it is a good offering to appease the spirits, while also utilising its ability to bring catharsis or intense healing. When taken homeopathically Thornapple (Stramonium) helps to overcome fears, anxiety, anger, and aggression.

Interestingly, Thornapple also has some applications in love magic. It is a little more coercive, seductive and lusty than some of the more demure and gentle love herbs. One insight that I’ve had recently is that the seed pods when empty has four chambers. The same number of chambers that are in the human heart. This sympathetic connection can be explored in love magic, and also used in rituals to protect one’s heart. In the same way, the pods could be used in general protection magic, they could be tailored to protect an individual more specifically their heart or emotions through this sympathetic connection.

Like many of the visionary herbs used in otherworld travel and spirit flight, Thornapple has hollow stems. These are thought to represent the avenues upon which the spirit travels when in flight. Plant “straws” have been used for blowing sacred smoke and powder, and also for the insufflation of entheogenic herbs a technique called rapé. Some practitioners may also visualise themselves travelling through these tiny passageways to connect with the plant on a deeper level or access the chthonic realms to bring back wisdom or plant medicine.

Conclusion

In short, these plants have so much to teach us. I really believe that there is no end to their wisdom. Even after years of working with specific plants, they continue to share new things about themselves and how we can better partner with them to make positive changes within ourselves and within the world around us. If you want to read more about Thornapple or Datura, in general, I have another article here.

I have found that the majority of plants particularly those associated with spirituality and expanding consciousness disrupt the whole gender paradigm.The […]

Source: Thornapple, Gender and Ritual Application | Coby Michael Ward

https://goodwitcheshomestead.com/2019/09/16/thornapple-gender-and-ritual-application-coby-michael-ward/

0 notes

humanauction · 7 years ago

Text

event terrors chapter 1 (1st final)

The event terrorists

prologue: The Run-in

In the induction they were told not to keep anything they "find" unless expressly told they could do so by Upper Management. not that this theoretical rule would physically be possible. Instant expulsion from site if they did. No recompense for hours completed. Automatic strike from any future work. Details circulated to other crewing companies. In short - immediate exile from the events world. Police involvement optional, dependent upon severity of the offence. And no drugs either. Ever. At all. No drinking on the job, too. They were told those were the rules they had already agreed to contractually. They said:

"Yeah, ok."

************************************************* *************************************************

Try and work for 453 hours over 29 days. Then have two days off and do it again. That’s what they do, and when you reach that point, thieving, drinking & drugs are all that keep you going. The first month is the worst - you work hard, dutifully fulfilling every request. with a smile. You are honest, diligent and perform every function to the letter. You are early for work. clean shaven and wearing clean clothes. If you find something of value you return it. You are careful not to break anything. if you do, you report it immediately, apologising profusely to all and sundry. You don't eat food unless it is given to you and even then you only take what you need. You are fair. The worst thing though, is that you believe the finish times you are given when you take each job. you can leave, but don't expect any more work unless someone is desperate for staff. no-one likes the guy who goes home when he was told he could. you have to work until the job is done. prove you are a team player. never mind no-one signed up to be on this team. at times it is like being here is something you entered into out of desire. that these people are your friends. you assume, naively, that the people paying for such excessive amounts of highly skilled and qualified scab labour actually have a clue what they are doing and a budget they need to adhere to. They don't. anything. Eventually this works in your favour, but at first it is just soul crushing. Especially when other staff are sent home in pre-paid taxis, on time. being the first in and the last to leave, you are expected to take multiple night buses home at your own expense.

The only thing worse than the relentless work schedule is the abject boredom it is interspersed with. As a crew they are brighter than they should be. The recession borne jobs void has meant an industry once staffed by students, backpackers and immigrants is now engorged with university educated natives. They don't share the same happy go lucky attitude. They don't see this as a means to an end. They don't look at "any pay at all" as good enough. They want more. And if it isn't supplied, willingly or begrudgingly, then like any intelligent animal they will learn how to help themselves.

By the end of the second month you can't afford anything despite the fact you have been working such long hours you can't possibly have spent much. every pay check is an argument about how many hours you put in for versus hours the clients put in for. you may win a few of these, but just like any good gambling operation, long-term, it never works in your favour. This is when you have to look at ways to supplement your meagre income.

Different people have different ways, but they all break down into one of three basic human categories:-

Firstly, there are the good ones: they work two jobs and pick shifts based on the best pay check. best case for them generally is only getting bent over the desk by the taxman at some stage during the process. and for the old-fashioned, unlucky, stupid, honest - call it what you want - it’s like being squeezed, slowly, to death by a mating ball of anacondas. legal, unfortunately, isn't usually best. not anymore.

second, come the normal ones and they, hence normal, make up the majority. that’s all normal means. if the largest mutually-identifying political group in the United Kingdom (which isn't the same thing as the majority) decided tomorrow that babies were a viable food source you’d be a cannibal by End Of Play this Friday. and if you don't think so, maybe google that famous advert from the 1950’s the “more doctors smoked Camel cigarettes than any other brand” one. or the 2017 British general election - where the conservatives got to run a country because the queen said they could. the queen.

through need or desire, the normal ones, they turn to the sale of contraband “found” at the end of each event. or maybe during set-up. or end of each day. cleaning. service. breakdown… it’s a matter of personal morality. most of the stuff coming up is though. they do what they do, or don’t, for vastly different reasons. there are new dads just trying to feed and clothe their kids and greedy, cowardly even, self-serving wolves hiding amongst the sheep where they think they are safely anonymous. people between jobs but not between owing rent and bills. people there for nothing but personal gain (who do make the competing case: “why else would you go to work?”) or the adrenaline kick of pulling off a heist however big or small. don’t underestimate that, either, that excitement in an otherwise body- and mind-numbing existence. these agency workers are invariably brighter, more competent and better qualified than their temporary bosses.

And that leaves the bad ones. they sell drugs. plain and simple old school racket.

you quickly gather enough food and drink for yourself and you’d be surprised how quickly word gets around a poor community when there’s guilt-free (ideally but not mandatorily) and cheap (mandatory) coffee, lightbulbs, washing liquid, cigarettes, booze… you'd probably be surprised how when the local police get word of it, and they do, and they confront you about it and you admit it (or more likely get caught scarlet-handed) all they want to know is where it came from. and so long as you don't get too greedy at the source that it gets reported and so long as your answer is right - the formula one main kitchen in the wing (it’s a building) VIP lounge storeroom at Silverstone (it’s a race-track) is a good example - then all they are really interested in is:

how many they can have right now for free; how much it’ll cost them after that.

cops, they like to swap stuff so much you could mistake them for the institutionalised members of society they are “busy” catching. but then every dog looks like its owner. cops become what they know best, eventually. cops they tend to have good swap stuff too. so long as good swap stuff to you means drugs. you can ask for something specific once you know them, but they get a bit jittery about handing over anything not designed to be ingested, insufflated or injected in the very near future. you can’t blame them, it’s just good business practice on their part. they only ever want disposable items from you. is this corruption? could be. are their wages and working conditions, yes, even though they are police, starting to reach such dire levels that they have to distinguish between “crime” and “crime”? possibly. would they be buying stolen toilet paper if everything was fine. maybe.

before too long, you're taking orders.

There is another group consisting of the slyest ones, like our heroes :-D they find a way of combining options two and three. already by this stage though it’s so murky - a sea consisting of so many shades of grey.

what counts as a write-off that you can take? what has been given to you that technically shouldn't have been? when can you take it? is ganja ok because it helps people unwind without the hangover? are selling crystal and crack ok because how the fuck else are you not going to collapse? does it matter if your baby is sick? that you’re behind on your mortgage? still live with your mother in your 30s?

Free time (time not working) is usually spent sleeping or slipping into debt. If there was decent regular work they'd get jobs, but there aren't, so they don’t. If you don't work you don't get paid. They are essentially skilled freelance workers on zero-hour contracts, getting agency wages. not so much an individual human being as a commodity. to be traded.

Escapism is the mot de jour, and generally this consists of further self-abuse, only of narcotics and alcohol instead of working 18 hour days. You are so tired you rarely see friends, erstwhile cohorts, old flames. As a member of the new underclass, forming healthy sexual relationships is very difficult too. When they do try, it consists of picking up waitresses, bar staff, pot washers, security guards, porters, cleaners... Chefs don't look at you. management largely ignore you. full-time staff don't know how to treat you. unless you fucked up. then everyone will always be all over that. In the real world everyone can tell you don't have a proper job, a career or whatever, and barely even notice you. Everyone likes you - you understand every demand made of you and do the jobs they don't want to - but you aren't a viable option for anyone. It isn't the rejection you find hard to deal with, as a man you get use to that, but the fact you slowly turn invisible is hard to stomach. You learn humility, you learn not to take life too seriously, you learn what a bunch of sycophantic assholes most of society has become. if you don't live to work, you may as well fuck off and die.

By month three your brain has had too long to think and you know what you can get away with. By month three you know who your mates are. By month three you start to fantasise about ways to not work but still get paid and collect extras instead. If you find survival to be a matter of choices, month three would be when you walk away. That is your prerogative, choice is a wonderful thing, but recently professional choice isn't a luxury most of the people can afford. The wealthy largely don't believe in victims of circumstance. But the poor will remind them of this with increasing regularity when their own position becomes so untenable that they mete out their own disorganised brand of misdirected, periodic, frustration based, revenge. rioting, say. It could cost our society dearly - there aren’t really winners in invisible wars - but when you always seem to have less, you can imagine not having anything. And if you think about it, you probably don't have much to lose now. When whole generations are written-off as lost causes, people, especially the young, will presumably and increasingly look at ways of improving their immediate situation. A future even potentially able to provide success and prosperity through education and hard work has become an outdated concept. Morality becomes something measured only against your immediate peer group rather than including the society you live in as a whole. The populace desire consumable goods that provide only, albeit instant, short-lived gratification - trainers, TV's, alcohol, cigarettes, McDonalds, WiFi. These are the targets we now aspire to, the bar having been dropped to such impossibly low levels. Too many fundamentally good citizens live day to day to worry about tomorrow now. When you live like this, you get things and save money wherever you can.

***

END CH. 1

#writing #art #short story #story

0 notes

rahangdale123-blog · 5 years ago

Text

Global CO2 Insufflator Market Positive Demand and & Development Approaches through 2019-2024

Industry Research Report On Global CO2 Insufflator Market - Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis

Global CO2 Insufflator Market is a new market res earch study recently announced by MRInsights.biz. The report studies the CO2 Insufflator industry's coverage, current market competitive status, and market outlook and forecast by 2024. The report clarifies business verticals like aggressive market situation, regional nearness, and improvement openings. The report is incomplete without having the knowledge of the key players or competitors within the market. Different sidelines of the area along with a SWOT investigation of the real players have been demonstrated in the report.

The report serves an overall market overview on CO2 Insufflator market dynamics, historic volume and value, current & future trends, market methodology, Porter's Five Forces Analysis, upstream and downstream industry chain, and cost structure. Further, the report has analyzed sales, suppliers, nations, advance technology, production, the variable cost, types, sales, and market share for the approximate time from 2019 to 2024. The report accounts for various market factors including development, confinements, and the organized attributes of a component of the market. The report investigates the type of product, its applications, customers, prime players, and various components related to the market. The report examines the global market status, competition landscape, market share, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, opportunities and challenges.

DOWNLOAD FREE SAMPLE REPORT: https://www.mrinsights.biz/report-detail/220893/request-sample

Company Profile:

The report presents the CO2 Insufflator company profile, descriptions of the product, and production values along with the assistance of the statistical review. The report reveals the all-inclusive global market covering magnitude, production, manufacturing value, loss/gain, supply/demand, and import/export. Many companies are operating in the market and conduct their businesses through joint ventures, which benefit the overall market. The key players' analysis for the industry is presented in this report.

Crucial leading players of industry: Olympus, Advin Urology, Medivators(Cantel), US Endoscopy, Fujifilm, B. Braun, MGB Endoskopische Geräte, PENTAX Medical, Ease Electronics Systems, Stryker, Vimap Technologies,

The global version of this report with a geographical classification such as:

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

The next part of the report offers market’s vital information and statistically evaluated technical data and manufacturing plants analysis with regards to capacity analysis, sales analysis, and sales price analysis. It mainly scrutinizes in-depth global market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the market, as well as those hindering it. By identifying the growth, size, leading players and segments in the global CO2 Insufflator market, the report will save and reduce the time taken by entry-level research. The research has used immense data sources and various tools and techniques to collect and analyze the information.

Main Pointers Presented In The CO2 Insufflator Market Report:

Recent market trends

Geographical dissection

Industry drivers

Latent market competitors

Turnover predictions

Competitive framework

Key challenges

Market concentration rate analysis

Competitive ranking analysis

Market concentration ratio

Consumption growth rate

Growth rate

ACCESS FULL REPORT: https://www.mrinsights.biz/report/global-co2-insufflator-market-2019-by-manufacturers-regions-220893.html

Moreover, the report comprises predictions using a proper set of assumptions and methodologies. For predictions on market values, the researchers have used several methodological, analytical, and statistical techniques, such as probability, standard deviation, and CAGR. Additionally, the report research report estimates CO2 Insufflator market necessary characteristics, including profit, potential application rate, cost, development ratio, level of investments, production, and provision.

Customization of the Report: This report can be customized to meet the client’s requirements. Please connect with our sales team ([email protected]), who will ensure that you get a report that suits your needs. You can also get in touch with our executives on +1-201-465-4211 to share your research requirements.

#Global CO2 Insufflator Market 2019 Global CO2 Insufflator Market Trends Global CO2 Insufflator Market Application Global CO2 Insufflator Mar

0 notes

juniperpublishersoa · 5 years ago

Text

JuniperPublishers-Redo Mitral Valve Replacement through Right Thoracotomy on Beating Heart

Journal of Surgery-JuniperPublishers

Abstract

Redo mitral surgery via sternotomy can be associated with significant complications, including injuries to the heart, great vessels and patent coronary artery grafts, especially internal mammary artery leading to excessive blood loss, and may increase morbidity and mortality in these patients [1]. The right antero-lateral thoracotomy offers excellent exposure with less risk from re-entry associated complications. This approach is particularly valuable in patients with patent coronary bypass grafts avoiding the risk of perioperative graft injury. Resternotomy after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a technically challenging situation, especially in the presence of patent grafts. In this case report we present a case with a previous coronary bypass grafting along with mitral valve repair 15 years back, and stenting to left anterior descending artery (LAD) 2 years ago. Patient underwent on-pump beating heart normothermic mitral valve replacement without cross-clamping the aorta through right anterolateral thoracotomy.Keywords: Redo Mitral Valve; Beating Heart; Right ThoracotomyGo to

Case Report

A 58 year old female presented with increasing shortness of breath. Patient had history of coronary bypass surgery and mitral valve repair 5 year back. The patient had New York Heart Association class 4 symptoms. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe mitral regurgitation. Coronary angiography and CT cardiac showed patent saphenous vein graft to diagonal and posterior descending artery and atretic and thinned out LIMA graft, patent LAD stent (Figures 1 & 2). Patient had right anterolateral thoracotomy through 4th intercostal space. Left atrium was opened through sulcus of sondergord. The ascending aorta and right atrium was used for cannulation. The ascending aorta and right superior pulmonary vein was vented for deairing and to maintain a bloodless surgical field. The surgery was performed under normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass without aortic cross clamping. The mitral valve was thickened fibrotic appeared to be rheumatic, and was not suitable for repair. Annuloplasty ring and anterior leaflet of the mitral were valving excised (Figures 3-5). The mitral valve replacement was done with 25 hancock 2 bioprosthetic valve using interrupted pledgeted sutures (Figure 6). The CPB time was 68 minutes. Postoperative bleeding was 250 ml and patient was extubated after three hours. Post-operative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the sixth postoperative day.

Go to

Discussion

As life expectancy is increasing reoperative cardiac surgery continues to increase, techniques that are safe and easily reproducible should be adopted. Redo cardiac surgery is technically challenging due to increased rate of perioperative morbidity and mortality [2,3]. Redo mitral valve surgery is increasing because of increase of mitral valve repair and increasing use of bioprosthetic valve replacement over past few decades and these patients are coming for reoperation over the period of time. Resternotomy has its own inherent risk of injury to previous patent grafts, which can be catastrophic, injury to cardiac structures and great vessels [4]. It minimizes dissection of adhesions, avoids injury to right ventricle and prevents damage to patent grafts, which translates into reduced blood loss, less blood transfusions and expedited recovery [5]. Besides the above mentioned advantage beating heart repair/ replacement prevents myocardial damage caused by ischemiareperfusion injury by normothermic continuous myocardial perfusion.Normothermic perfusion also reduces the coagulopathy [1]. Through this approach pericardial dissection is limited to left atrial incision, which is quite safe and also saves time. It also provides good exposure to mitral valve with only moderate retraction. But this approach can have some disadvantages also. The major challenge while the heart is kept beating is to provide a relatively bloodless operative field, which can be achieved by putting sump suckers in left atrium and left ventricular venting. Another area of concern is the risk of air embolism. Trendlenberg position, continuous aortic venting, use of carbon dioxide gas insufflations of the operative field, vacuum assisted drainage are useful methods for preventing air embolism [1,6]. Ricci and colleagues in their series reported no incidence of neurological deficit due to air embolism [7]. According to Romano et al, right anterolateral thoracotomy mitral valve surgery in a redo case without cross clamping on the beating heart is associated with shorter bypass time, less post operative transfusion requirements, shorter postoperative ventilation, and lower mortality than with conventional surgery [8].Go to

Conclusion

Redo on-pump beating normothermic mitral valve replacement without cross-clamping the aorta through right anterolateral thoracotomy is a simple and safe procedure, especially in patients with patent bypass grafts.

To read more articles in Journal of Surgery Please Click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/oajs/index.php

For More Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers

Click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/journals.php

#Juniper Publishers #Juniperpublishers Reviews #Juniper Publishers LLC #Juniper Publishers in USA

0 notes

adtvenltd · 7 years ago

Text

4-CPrC (crystal) is a new research chemical act as a psychostimulant 4cec

4-CPrC (crystal) is a new research chemical act as a psychostimulant.It is similar with 3-CMC. WITHIN USA TEXT: (339) 674-0785 INTERNATIONAL ORDER E-MAIL: [email protected] 4-CRPC Crystals is a research chemical with a CAS number of 8272321-02-2. The chemical formula for 4-CRPC Crystals is C15H20ClND and the IUPAC Name is 1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one. 4-CPRC is a research chemical that has various similarities with methcathinone and occurs as white crystals or as a white powder in some cases. It is also known as 4-CRrC or 4-Chloro-alpha-PPP (Pyrrolidinopropiophenone) and is a halogen-substitute of α-Pyrrolidinopropiophenone (alpha-PPP), a drug classified as a stimulant. Alpha-PPP’s structure is similar to that of diethylpropion which is an appetite suppressant and studies have shown that it has similar effects when administered to animals. However little is known about the drug and studies are still underway. Interestingly though, the stimulant from which 4-CPRC is fashioned has been found as an ingredient in ecstasy. As an analogue of the drug it is likely to be more potent as well as more addictive as similar analogues like MDPV and pyrovalerone have exhibited the same behavior. These substitutes have been more commonly used for recreational purposes. The purity of 4-CPRC is more than 99% and as a ring-substituted analogue of the alpha-PPP it carries the potential for drug abuse having the same stimulant activity as the alpha-PPP as well as acting as a cathinone under which it is classified. With these properties it can be used as a stimulant such as methcathinone and have dopamine releasing effects when ingested whilst interfering with the re-uptake of hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin into the CNS (central nervous system). However, the drug is not recommended for human or veterinary use as information on its effects are still wanting. Since 4-CRPC Crystals is however, listed as, a Cathinone, which is similar to amphetamines such as methcathinone we can assume that some of the properties are closely related. Cathinones aid in releasing dopamine while discouraging the re-uptake of serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the central nervous system. Reviews: “I have tried 4-CRPC in small doses from 1mg to 30mg for now. Giving a nice, subtle but unambiguously serotonergic effect that is mood-lifting and feels very clear. Used alone it is rather neutral than stimulating, maybe even a bit sedating in a comfortable mellow-ish way. The effects last for maybe 3 hours and gradually fade away, no harsh comedown. No signs of 5-HT depletion so far. But I've dosed conservatively. “ “T + 0:00: **DOSE: 200mg (0.2g) - orally (crunched once and then allowed to dissolve under tongue which happened surprisingly quickly) After 30 minutes the subject could clearly feel the effects kicking in. Warm, fuzzy head, noticeable lift in mood. Walking around and taking his dogs outside is very cool. He’s playing Call of Duty (Advanced Warfare) on his PS4 with his brother. This is important only because A) even when he was very much feeling the 4-CRPC effects, he was capable of playing this fast paced technical game, and B) normally, losing over and over again this game gets the subject incredibly frustrated and angry (yelling at the tv, giving up and dropping the controller as he walks away, etc). He experienced NONE of this while playing on 4-CRPC, even when he lost as he usually does, the subject was able to chuckle, and keep on playing. No anger, whatsoever. T + 1 hour: Still playing COD, still feeling great. Subject has begun to clench his jaw, moving his tongue around his mouth rapidly/rhythmically, much like he would do on stimulants. Subject reports additional feeling of slight light-headedness as well as a very slight blurring in his peripheral vision (primary vision remains normal), while the initial warm glow of the substance continues to run strong. Heart Rate: 85bpm T + 1hr 45min: Subject feels the effects are starting to lessen, and wishes this not to be the case. **DOSE: 130mg (0.13g) taken orally/sublingually. Running total dosage is now 330mg. Heart Rate: 72bpm T + 2hr 20min: initial reported effects are continuing pleasantly. Heart Rate: 72bpm T + 2hr 41min: Subject again notices his tongue and teeth clicking rhythmically and constantly. Definitely due to a stimulant effect of the 4-CRPC Heart Rate: 74bpm T + 3hr 12min: effects are again fading, again the subject wishes to continue the experience. **DOSE: 150mg (0.15g) taken orally/sublingually. Running total dosage is now 480mg (0.480g) T + 4hr 5min: **DOSE: 230mg (0.23g) taken orally/sublingually Running total dosage is now 710mg (0.71g) T + 4hr 38min: Subject notes continued strong feelings of warmth, happiness, mellow yet excited mood. Continues to play video games and takes his dogs outside every so often. His mood is highly elevated, but still very relaxed. Heart Rate: 78bpm T + 6hr 32min: Subject notes that effects have almost completely disappeared. The comedown is not harsh in nature at all, no headache, no nausea, no irritation, nothing. However, there is a strong desire to consume more 4-CRPC. **DOSE: 200mg (0.2g) taken by insufflation, one line of decent size.4-cec-crystal-for-sell.jpg owder does not burn the nose, but the drip in the back of the subject's throat is not ideal. After a short period of maybe 4 minutes, the effects come back on quite strongly. A warm fuzzy feeling rushes over the subject as he is urinating and he feels “fantastic”. Heart Rate: 78bpm T + 7hr 16min: subject’s nose has been running slightly, no blood, only from the one nostril used to insufflate the powdered 4-CRPC Crystals. At this point the effects from the insufflated substance have almost completely worn off, though his nose continues to run slightly. The subject experiences a strong desire to, again, take more of the substance. Plantfeedshop.com offer excellent quality 4-CRPC for sale. WITHIN USA TEXT: (339) 674-0785 INTERNATIONAL ORDER E-MAIL: [email protected]

DOC Powder, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine

buy research chemicals online

Legal Research chemicals for sale online

legal highs THJ-018 online for sale

Research chemicals for sale in Europe

Buy SlimAll 15 mg Online Buy Adderall 30Mg Online Buy xanax 1mg Online Buy Tramadol 100mg online – Tramal SR Buy Kamagra 100 mg online Morphine and Prescription medications for sale

DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) Powder

Mescaline Powder for sale

Read the full article

0 notes

adtvenltd · 7 years ago

Text

4-CPrC (crystal) is a new research chemical act as a psychostimulant 4cec

DOC Powder, 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine

buy research chemicals online

Legal Research chemicals for sale online

legal highs THJ-018 online for sale

Research chemicals for sale in Europe

Buy SlimAll 15 mg Online Buy Adderall 30Mg Online Buy xanax 1mg Online Buy Tramadol 100mg online – Tramal SR Buy Kamagra 100 mg online Morphine and Prescription medications for sale

DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) Powder

Mescaline Powder for sale

Read the full article

0 notes