#ireland 's Higher Education

[vjcoverseas]

Study In IRELAND

VJC Overseas has placed many students in Ireland and as it is well known as an Ireland consultancy in Hyderabad. Ireland is often referred to as the 32 counties, with its two states, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, nicknamed respectively the Six Counties and the 26 Counties. The counties were a creation of British rule in Ireland and were set up in the 19th century to provide a framework for local government. All that Australian, Canadian, EU, New Zealand and US residents need to visit the country for a period of three months or under is a valid passport. Ireland is a golden rule Irish weather is not predictable! You could be wearing a t-shirt in March and need a woolly jumper for August! Ireland gets a lot of rain, so remember to pack a light coat.

[aurectes]

𝙵𝚄𝙻𝙻 𝙾𝙵 𝚅𝙰𝚄𝙽𝚃𝙸𝙽𝙶 𝙿𝚁𝙸𝙳𝙴 𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝙽𝙴𝚆 𝚈𝙾𝚁𝙺𝙴𝚁 𝙷𝙰𝙳 𝙲𝙻𝙸𝙼𝙱𝙴𝙳 𝙷𝙴𝚁𝙴 𝙰𝙽𝙳 𝚂𝙴𝙴𝙴𝙽 𝚆𝙸𝚃𝙷 𝙳𝙸𝚂𝙼𝙰𝚈 𝚆𝙷𝙰𝚃 𝙷𝙴 𝙷𝙰𝙳 𝙽𝙴𝚅𝙴𝚁 𝚂𝚄𝚂𝙿𝙴𝙲𝚃𝙴𝙳.

name ( s )  :  jonathan  jack  quinn , a . k . a . mister  quinn  ,  jon  ,  johnny   .   d . o . b .  december  3  ,  1859   .   in  :  chicago  ,  illinois   .   family  history  :  mother's  side  is  irish  and  father's  side  is  english - irish   .    he  speaks  :  english understanding  some  gaelic   .   religious  beliefs  :  roman catholic   .   educational  achievements  :  started apprentiship  with  cadwalader  law  firm  looking  into  trade  union  causes   .   occupation  :  current  law apprenticeship  and secretary for montgomery astor   .   marital  status  :  not  spoken  for   .   hobbies  :  watching  boxing  matches  and  baseball  ,  gambling  and  falling  prey  to  excess  drink  under  copious  stress  in  the  confines  of  his  home   .   

eye  colour  :  blue - grey   .   hair  colour  :  dark brown   .   height  :  6′0″   .   distinguishing  characteristic  :  a  scar  by  his  left  cheek and down the outside of his right hand   .

parents  :  mother  named  eilis quinn , father  named  jack sweeney , step - father  named  clyde drake   .   siblings  :   two    half    siblings    he    hardly    knows   .   extended  family  :    mother's  side  back  in  ireland  he  has  twelve  cousins  ,  and  four  uncles  ,  his  father's  side  has  one  aunt   .   pets   :   none  apart  from  a  stray  dog  he'll  feed  on  occasion   .

inspo  ;    𝘫𝘢𝘺 𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘴𝘣𝘺 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘯𝘪𝘤𝘬 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘺 ( 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘨𝘢𝘵𝘴𝘣𝘺 ) , 𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘶𝘴 ( 𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘬 𝘮𝘺𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺 ) , 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘰𝘯 ( 𝘵𝘪𝘮𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘯𝘴 ) , 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘰 𝘴𝘩𝘢𝘳𝘱𝘦 ( 𝘣𝘳𝘪𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘰𝘯 )

𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝚂𝙴𝙲𝚁𝙴𝚃 , it was kept tucked away in the breast pocket of his coat and other times under a loose floorboard, a small leather bound black notebook which contained every name of every person the dormer family had made some unsavory dealing with and he's been debating on sharing some of those findings if his debt cannot be remedied but it'll cost him. integrity isn't so easily gained and there are a few other names he's gathered from working under politician montgomerey astor.

𝙷𝙸𝙶𝙷 𝚂𝙾𝙲𝙸𝙴𝚃𝚈 , the cadwalader law firm is one of the oldest in new york, and therefore came with a sense of security and protection. trust. he wants to convey the exact same ideal but it's not so easy. everyone jonathan has ever crossed paths with in new york had been seen as an opportunity, especially those of higher status — that's what this is, a chance to make his way in the world away from the shadows of his past.

𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝚂𝚃𝙾𝚁𝚈 , this is what love was like, or so jonathan had assumed — fighting. constant yelling and shouting that would burn the cheeks crimson with metaphorical steam coming out the ears. over nothing and over everything, but it often came in the form of his father stumbling through the door, slurred speech and empty pockets. chicago was not the place promised, the american dream nothing more than lies standing on the back of a crumbling marriage. it was divorce that caused his mother to return to her home country, the very scandal attached to her name far too much for her to bear, the quinn curse, she'd claim. no quinn could keep a marriage. jonathan had asked about it once, ' generational ' she'd claim, someone in the family long ago wronged the wrong person. and his father? he remained. the drunk on the corner. perhaps the embodiment of the quinn curse jonathan concluded after three weeks of staying with his father. somehow england was worse, it's where his mother met clyde drake. a pompous man who had everything jonathan's father did not, money in his pocket and not a drop of alcohol on his breath. and his father was dead, his mother claimed. an alleged widow who married this mister drake, a man who despised jonathan, even more so once he had two children of his own. he made sure jonnathan knew, when every penny was stripped from his inheritance, or what little one his mother had secured for him. new york wasn't much better, a far cry from the promises, a perfectly packaged lie with a shiny red ribbon, but the only place he could secure an education cheaper than europe offered. maybe not cheap enough when the coins in his pocket didn't even stir up a melodious jingle they were so few — but a dormer's offer, the next allure. the last of his coins tossed among the poker chips and golden pocket watch. luck of the irish, surely he'd claim but the quinn's were cursed and as he watched greedy hands stretch across the table collecting all that was left, someone took pity. the late mister dormer who slipped him the left behind pocket watch and a deal. wealth came in the form of compromised morals and a promise that this connection with law and politicians would pay off for the dormer family but did that deal die with the late mister dormer?

𝚃𝙷𝙴 𝙸𝙼𝙿𝚁𝙴𝚂𝚂𝙸𝙾𝙽 , how society views jonathan . . . he wishes to be as every lawyer had been viewed in the past and future. never seen as the most earnest people, but holding an esteemed profession none the less. jonathan has always leaned on his charismatic nature to fight the natural inclination people have around a questionable deal or dodgy situation and he's currently seen as the young man with an ill-fitting suit jacket following around politician montgomerey pastor. some have a lesser view, hanging around the dormers gambling and walking around late at night.

𝙲𝙾𝙽𝙽𝙴𝙲𝚃𝙸𝙾𝙽𝚂 , the  gamble  he  lost  :  maybe  it  was  too  good  to  turn  down  ,  a  gamble  that  he  was  too  confident  about  and  put  all  his  savings  into  ,  it  never  worked  out  for  him  before  but  something  told  him  it  would  this  time   .   the  curse   :  this  time  it  comes  in  the  form  of  dark  fluttering  lashes  and  a  smile  ,  the  one  he  spends  money  he  doesn't  have  to  impress   .    little  black  book  :  those  in  the  book  ,  who  have  made  deals  with  the  dormer  family  and  other  questionable  individuals  this  one  individual  specifically  who  finds  said  book   .

[studyvisa]

Study in Australia - Australia study visa Consultant in Chandigarh

Planning to Study in Australia? Unitrack Overseas is the best Australia student visa consultant. Best consultant for an Australia study visa.

Comprehensive Guide to Providing Proof of Funds for Student Visa Applications

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Many people have the goal of studying abroad because it provides wonderful chances for both academic and personal development. As someone who wants to study abroad, you have to be aware of the numerous requirements and paperwork involved with relocating for higher education.

The process of applying for a university or a visa is complex and time-consuming. However, this is more than just completing various types of paperwork. In many of the countries where students want to study or apply for visas, they need to have proper knowledge about the finances that they need to have a positive impact on their visa outcomes. This demonstrates that the student has sufficient funds to cover both their tuition fee and living expenses.

Let’s examine the numerous reasons why this becomes crucial.

Understanding the Necessity of Proof of Funds for a Student Visa

There are several reasons why proof of funds is required.

First of all, it guarantees that students may sustain themselves financially without depending entirely on part-time employment, allowing them to continue concentrating on their academics.

In addition, it serves as a precaution against possible instances of financial difficulty or even homelessness among international students.

Finally, it gives Immigration Authorities confidence that students can pay their fees and won’t be a drain on the resources of the host nation.

This post will examine the financial needs of some of the top study abroad locations worldwide, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and numerous European and Asian nations.

Essential Financial Documentation for Top Study Destinations

USA: US$ 40,000–US$ 80,000 or More. (It might change based on living expenses and first-year tuition fees.)

UK: £24,167 for courses outer the London and £27,808 for courses inner London each year.

(These are only estimates; if tuition costs increase, they may differ.)

Canada: $38,635 annually (Including GIC and tuition fees)

Australia: Between AUS$65,000 and AUS$75,000 annually

New Zealand: $45,000 to $67,000 annually

Financial Proof for Living Costs in European Study Destinations

Ireland – €10,000 per year

Germany – €11,208 for one year

Finland – €590 per month for one year

France – €615 per month

Spain – €600 per month

Malta – €778 per month

Cyprus – €859 per month

Asian study destination

Singapore- S$ 16,400 – S$ 45,000 per year

Valid Approaches for Demonstrating Necessary Funds

When requesting a visa, international students can demonstrate their financial stability in a number of ways. Among these are the following options:

Bank Statements: If you choose to self-fund, you may submit bank statements attesting to the existence of enough money in your savings account. It’s also crucial to remember that this money must be easily accessible and unrestricted by investments or other assets, in accordance with the Visa requirements of the majority of study destinations.

Scholarships: Proof of scholarships or grants from governmental agencies, nonprofits, or educational institutions is also accepted. Immigration authorities will cross-verify your scholarship letter because they occasionally pay for living expenses and tuition fees.

Sponsorship: In order to contribute the money needed for your student visa, parents or legal guardians may serve as official sponsors. They will need to present their bank statements, which acts as a proof that they can afford the living expenses and course fees.

Education Loans: Visa officers will accept confirmation from accredited financial institutions when they give assurance that education loan has been approved. However, the requirements for secured and unsecured loans vary depending on the study location. Therefore, make sure the loan terms match where you want to study.

Although these choices are provided in a broad sense, you should confirm that they are appropriate for the study location you have narrowed down.

FAQ

Why is proof of funds necessary for a student visa?

Proof of funds is required to:

Ensure students can support themselves financially without relying solely on part-time work.

Prevent financial difficulties or homelessness among international students.

Provide confidence to Immigration Authorities that students can pay their fees and won’t be a burden on the host country’s resources.

What are the estimated financial requirements for studying in popular destinations?

USA: US$ 40,000–US$ 80,000 annually.

UK: £24,167 (for courses outer London; £27,808 )

Canada: $38,635 annually.

Australia: AUS$65,000–AUS$75,000 annually.

New Zealand: $45,000–$67,000 annually.

What are the valid methods for demonstrating the necessary funds?

Bank Statements: Showing sufficient funds in a savings account.

Scholarships: Proof of scholarships or grants from government agencies, nonprofits, or educational institutions.

Sponsorship: Parents or legal guardians can act as official sponsors by providing their bank statements.

Education Loans: Confirmation from accredited financial institutions that an education loan has been approved.

What should I consider when using bank statements as proof of funds?

Ensure that the funds are easily accessible and not restricted by investments or other assets, in accordance with visa requirements of most study destinations.

Can my parents or guardians sponsor me for my student visa?

Yes, parents or legal guardians can act as official sponsors by providing their bank statements to show they can afford your living expenses and course fees.

What should I know about using education loans as proof of funds?

Visa officers accept confirmation from accredited financial institutions that an education loan has been approved. Requirements for secured and unsecured loans vary depending on the study location, so ensure the loan terms match your destination.

How can Unitrack Overseas assist with the student visa application process?

Unitrack Overseas offers comprehensive end-to-end support, including personalized assistance with visa requirements, financials, and university application process.

How can I get in touch with Unitrack Overseas for assistance?

Contact Unitrack Overseas Chandigarh for detailed guidance and support. Their experts can help simplify and expedite the study abroad application process for the upcoming intakes.

Conclusion

In summary, the following are the current and pertinent numbers about the financial requirements for student visas. Therefore, to guarantee a seamless and successful visa application process, it is imperative that you meet the financial requirements stipulated by the destination country, regardless of the study destination you choose. We hope that after reading through and meeting the proof of funds requirements, you will be ready to start your international education journey.

It can be time-consuming to figure it out, but what if we told you that Unitrack Overseas offers applicants like you comprehensive end-to-end support? You read correctly! Our experts offer personalized assistance and detailed guidance on visa requirements and financial documentation, in addition to helping with the university application process. Your loan funding is also taken care of with Unitrack Overseas Chandigarh.

Thorough planning and preparation are essential before embarking on a journey to pursue higher education overseas. Thus, you can get assistance from our Country Experts to expedite and simplify the procedure.

As one of the best study visa consultants, Unitrack Overseas is here to help you every step of the way. For the upcoming intakes, get in touch with our team right now and start your study abroad application with the top visa consultant!

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Best Master Degrees in Ireland for 2024

Ireland, often overshadowed by its larger European neighbors, is a quietly thriving hub for higher education. Offering world-class programs, a welcoming atmosphere, and a strong focus on research and innovation, Ireland is an increasingly popular choice for international students seeking a Master's degree. This blog highlights some of Ireland's most promising fields of study and provides insights into what makes the country a top choice for postgraduate education.

Why Choose Ireland for Your Master's?

Ireland offers a unique blend of academic excellence, cultural richness, and affordability. Here's why it's a compelling study destination:

Globally Recognized Degrees: Irish universities provide tiers that can be notably reputable internationally, opening doors to global career possibilities.

English as the Medium of Instruction: As an English-talking u. S ., Ireland removes language boundaries for international students.

Affordable Education: Compared to many different European nations, Ireland offers aggressive lesson prices, making higher education reachable.

Strong Industry Ties: Irish universities have robust connections with enterprises, supplying students with enough possibilities for internships and placements.

Vibrant Student Life: Ireland offers a dynamic scholar existence, with a mix of conventional tradition and cutting-edge cosmopolitan residing.

Pathway to Immigration: Ireland offers submit-examine painting visas, permitting graduates to gain treasured paintings revel in the United States of America.

Top Master's Degrees in Ireland

While Ireland offers a broad spectrum of Master's programs, certain fields have particularly excelled:

Business and Management

Ireland's thriving economy has fostered a sturdy commercial enterprise training area. Universities like University College Dublin (UCD), Trinity College Dublin, and Cork University Business School provide international-elegance MBA and specialized Master's applications in finance, advertising, and international commercial enterprise.

Engineering and Technology

Ireland's emphasis on innovation is meditated in its strong engineering applications. Universities like Trinity College Dublin, University College Dublin, and the National University of Ireland, Galway, provide exceptional applications in mechanical, electric, and laptop engineering.

Computer Science and IT

Given the virtual age, Ireland's universities have invested closely in laptop technological know-how and IT programs. Dublin City University and University College Cork are especially renowned for his or her expertise in this subject.

Life Sciences and Healthcare

Ireland's pharmaceutical industry has flourished, making it a hub for lifestyle sciences training. Universities like Trinity College Dublin and University College Cork offer superb packages in biotechnology, biomedicine, and pharmacy.

Humanities and Social Sciences

Ireland's wealthy records and culture are meditated in its humanities and social sciences programs. Universities like Trinity College Dublin and University College Dublin offer terrific applications in records, English literature, philosophy, sociology, and political technological know-how.

Law

Ireland's criminal device, based on English commonplace regulation, draws law students from round the sector. Universities like Trinity College Dublin and University College Cork provide renowned law applications.

Arts and Design

Ireland's innovative industries are thriving, contemplated in its artwork and design applications. The National College of Art and Design in Dublin is a leading organization on this subject.

Choosing the Right University and Program

When selecting a Master's program in Ireland, consider the following:

Program Alignment: Ensure the program aligns along with your profession desires and academic interests.

University Reputation: Research the university's international rating and reputation in your chosen area.

Faculty Expertise: Look for programs with school members who are renowned experts in their respective fields.

Industry Connections: Strong enterprise ties can result in internships and networking opportunities.

Location and Campus Life: Consider the town and campus surroundings that fits your possibilities.

Cost of Living: Research the value of residing within the metropolis in which the university is situated.

Scholarship Opportunities: Explore available scholarships to offset training and dwelling charges.

The Irish Student Experience

Beyond academics, Ireland offers a rich and fulfilling student experience. From the vibrant cities to the stunning countryside, there's something for everyone. Students can immerse themselves in Irish culture, explore historical sites, and enjoy outdoor activities.

Cliftons Study Abroad can provide expert guidance in selecting the ideal Master's program in Ireland, assisting with applications, visa processes, and accommodation arrangements. Please feel free to contact us to start your Irish academic adventure.

Would you like to focus on a specific field of study or explore other aspects of studying in Ireland?

[edvoro]

How Can Your Study Abroad Dreams Take Flight?

In the 20th century, studying abroad seemed like an unattainable dream for many, but times have changed in the 21st century. Now, more than ever, not only do you have the freedom to dream of studying abroad, but there are also numerous options available to turn that dream into reality. Presently, around 4.3 million students are pursuing higher education outside their home countries. What's even more remarkable is that you can obtain a foreign degree online, and many reputable platforms provide this opportunity with the same value.

Why do students lean towards foreign education, and is it truly worth the investment?

If it is, how can you sift through the myriad options available to find the best one for you? These questions may flood your mind, but do you have the answers? Let us help you out!

Has studying abroad become a trend?

Certainly, a growing number of students are choosing to study abroad, motivated by the desire for diverse academic experiences, exposure to varied cultures, and improved career prospects. This trend is driven by the globalization of education, increased accessibility, and the recognition of the value of international exposure in a rapidly evolving global job market.

Currently, Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States stand out as the top choices, collectively drawing in more than 50% of international students globally. In addition to these popular choices, emerging preferences are evident in countries like Sweden, Russia, Uzbekistan, Ireland, New Zealand, Malta, France, and Austria.

Notably, India leads the pack in terms of the number of students pursuing overseas education, with a staggering figure exceeding 7.5 lakh. These students are dispersed across more than 240 countries, showcasing the widespread appeal of international education among Indian students.

Is study abroad accessible to all?

The accessibility of education today is commendable. Even for students facing economic constraints that hinder studying abroad, there&'s the alternative of pursuing courses online, providing the same value as a traditional university qualification. Challenges like insufficient finances, lack of awareness, and the complexities of the application process are no longer sources of worry. For instance, esteemed UK universities such as the University of Leeds, the University of Bristol, the University of Manchester, and others offer UK qualifications online across various disciplines, enabling students to earn degrees and certificates or enhance their skills remotely.

Furthermore, online course providers in the UK, like EDVORO, play asignificant role in promoting courses in collaboration with prestigious UK universities, presenting excellent opportunities for individuals to enhance their skills and knowledge from the comfort of their homes.

Is it worth to get a UK qualification online?

Absolutely! Ensuring the credibility and quality of your education is vital and should justify the investment you're making. Before exploring the question of & where & to study, it's essential to weigh key factors for an informed decision.

While there are online course providers in the UK presenting themselves as reputable, thorough research is crucial before applying. Enrolling in platforms like EDVORO eliminates the need for second thoughts. Their commitment lies in delivering cutting-edge technology-infused programmes and teaching methodologies, ensuring a modernized and superior higher education experience.

Build a global career through the best online course providers in the UK

The notion of studying abroad as an exclusive privilege for a chosen few has evolved. In the contemporary landscape, the widespread availability of internet connectivity, online application portals, and e-document submissions has simplified the application process for students seeking admission to numerous universities worldwide. 

Recognizing the economic potential of international students, countries like the UK, the US, Australia, and others have introduced more welcoming visa policies, study abroad scholarship opportunities, and relaxed post-study work permits. This transformation has made the dream of securing a UK Qualification online and building a global career into an easily accessible and rewarding opportunity for a broader spectrum of students, irrespective of their diverse economic backgrounds.

EDVORO's learning platform is equipped with rich educational resources and a built-in support desk, ensuring a cutting-edge learning experience for our users. At EDVORO, we provide learners with streamlined online learning opportunities, enabling them to attain significant career advancement without unnecessary stress or uncertainties. Explore a range of skill-specific UK Qualifications online, from diploma courses to comprehensive degree programs, through our innovative online learning platform.

[aiexamshubs]

Which  One Is Easy IELTS or PTE? Is IELTS better or PTE? Here’s Your Answer!

If you want to prepare for a foreign university, then you will have to take a basic proficiency exam. IELTS and PTE are two popular English proficiency exams that you can take to study from a foreign university if you are preparing for. But if you are wondering which is easy IELTS or PTE? In this article, we will briefly compare IELTS and PTE and find out if IELTS is easy for Indian students? We offer free PTE Materials and Tips for aspiring test takers.

PTE is faster and the test is cheaper as compared to IELTS. Learn more from us why PTE is the best option for you.

Introduction to PTE

The Pearson Test of English or PTE is another language test that gives people the proof of their English expertise. Countries where English is the first language of communication accept PTE Academic score to enable people seek education or apply for jobs in government or private sector. Moreover, Australian and New Zealand governments also approve its points to grant visa to foreigners. The candidates can appear in Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic) or Pearson Test of English General (PTE General). It is important to note that in Australia only PTE Academic is acceptable. Buy PTE Exam Papers and ace your preparation. 

Both the tests are quite distinct, while PTE Academic aims at helping students to get admission in academic institutes across the globe, universities and ministries of many countries accept PTE General. Talking about PTE Academic test, it comprises three parts (Speaking & Writing, Reading and Listening) with total duration of 3 hours. Usually, the candidates set a minimum target to score between 65 -73 in order to serve their purpose. Here is PTE vs IELTS score comparison to help you get better understanding of the two tests.

Introduction to IELTS

The International English Language Testing System or IELTS evaluates the English proficiency of people willing  to work, study or migrate to a country, where English is the foremost mode of communication. Specifically, countries like the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the UK. As for the eligibility requirement to appear for the IELTS, the candidate requires a valid passport, and that’s it! Notably, IELTS scores help visa granting authorities, universities, and employers in foreign countries to convince that you would not face any communication related barrier while staying there.

Just to add some more stats, more than 9000 institutions across the globe recognize IELTS scores. These include universities in Canada, Ireland, the UK, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, along with 2000 institutions in the United States alone. The students may appear in this test from any of the 1100 plus locations, in one of the 48 test dates every year. As for the scores, the student needs to secure a minimum of 6.0 to 7.0 depending on the requirements of the individual institute or any other body. The exam that runs for 2 hours and 45 minutes identifies the proficiency level of the students in Listening (L), Reading (R), Writing (W), and Speaking (S). The students can appear in IELTS Academic or IELTS General Training, depending on their purpose.

Types of IELTS

IELTS exams are generally of two types:  Academics and General Training.

Academics

Academics is for candidates who want to pursue Higher education and professional expertise from Foreign University.

General Training

General Training is a test for Candidates who are emigrating or visiting for work purposes in an English-speaking country.

IELTS vs PTE

Here is a brief Comparison between IELTS and PTE exam.

Owners

IELTS is owned by the British Council, IDP Education and Cambridge Assessment English

PTE (Pearson Test of English) is owned by Pearson INC.

Fees:

IELTS test cost USD 215 - USD 310 depending on location

PTE test cost USD 167

Time Allotted

IELTS

The maximum time allotted is 2 hours 45 minutes. Moreover, it is divided into two days. Listening, Reading, and Writing are conducted on the same day. The speaking part can be on the second day.

For writing 60 minutes, Reading 60 minutes, Listening 30 to 36 minutes and Speaking 11 to 14 minutes is allotted to every candidate.

PTE

The maximum total test time is 190 minutes. For part one, Speaking and Writing 77 to 93 minutes is allotted. For part two reading 32 to 41 minutes for part three listening, 45 to 57 minutes.

Scoring System

Scores of IELTS tests are given on the Band Scale System. Candidates are given a 1-9 Score, where 9 is the highest and 1 is the lowest.

Scores of PTE tests are given 10-90 marks. Here 10 is lowest and 90 is highest

Marking System

The Scores are computed by English experts, following global marking standards. Moreover, the Reading and Listening tests are autos marked by a machine.

The scores of PTE tests, including writing, speaking, reading, listening, are scored by a machine which is a PTE Academy automated scoring system.

Results

Results usually come around two to five days.

The results of PTE academies come in five business days.

Is PTE Easier than IELTS?

PTE is relatively easier than IELTS.

Reasons?

Reason 1: It is a computer-based exam therefore you don’t have to feel nervous to face an interviewer. This part specifically lowers the confidence of many.

Reason 2: The number of Questions asked in the Reading section is lower and easier in PTE.

Reason 3: The time allotted for each section is more than that of IELTS.

Why is the afterall IELTS a Better Choice?

But, in comparison, IELTS is a better choice.

1- It is accepted by 140 Countries and 10,000 different Universities, Organisations and Employers Worldwide.

 2-If you are comfortable with the paper-pen format of Exams.

3- The scores are evaluated by Experts from all around the world and therefore you will be correctly evaluated. Unlike PTE, where scores are given on a set Computer Algorithm.

 4-If you have an Accent problem, then IELTS can help you. As an Interviewer can understand 5-you better in a live interaction.

6- If Unfortunately, you face any Technical issue during your online PTE exams, your scores can be ruined.

In conclusion, No matter what you choose, you will need to prepare hard. They both are popular English Test which aims to evaluate a Candidate’s Skill.

[joyvisas023]

Benefits of Studying in Canada for Indian Students

Canada is a place that is known for fresh new chances and one of the famous objections for global understudies. Over the past 8-9 years, Canada's standing as a top advanced education objective has consistently developed. 

Consequently, it draws thousands of eager students from around the world. If you decide to study in Canada, you will have access to some of the best teachers and professors in the world, resulting in a world-class education that is recognized worldwide. As a Joy Visas, we provide you Student Visa for Canada in Pune. 

Quality Instruction

Canada is known all over the planet for its top notch of schooling. Due primarily to the high quality of instruction and reasonable tuition costs, the nation is one of the best options for international students pursuing higher education. Canada has 26 top universities, according to the QS World University Rankings 2021. Joy Visas provides their best visa services. 

Numerous courses in engineering, microbiology, telecommunications, environmental science, agriculture, and other fields are offered by various Canadian universities and colleges.

Reasonable cost of living

The best education and highest living standards in the world make student life in Canada exciting. When compared to other European Union nations, the cost of living in Canada for international students is relatively affordable. For entertainment, lodging, and food, a predetermined monthly budget of $1,000 Canadian can be set aside. Joy Visas provides their best visa services.

You can enquiry us for :- 

USA Student Visa

Ireland Student Visa

Australia Student Visa

Opportunities for research

Canada is well-known for its research and development, and the country's government encourages students to study a wide range of subjects. These include medicine, telecommunications, environmental science, agriculture, and computer technology. 

Global scientists and scholastics travel to Canada to lead exploration and take advantage from the particular benefits given by the Canadian government, organizations, and associations by taking care of the expenses of the examination.

Classrooms and workforce that are multicultural

One of the main advantages of studying in Canada is that you will be taught in a multicultural classroom. Canada welcomes international students from all over the world; you'll be able to keep your cultural identity while also learning about other cultures.

 As an international student, gaining an understanding of cultural differences in the classroom creates a welcoming and respectful atmosphere that will prepare you better for the global workforce.

Opportunities for employment

After graduation, ambitious Student Visa Consultants can find several full-time jobs. To assist international students in regaining control of their lives, numerous organizations frequently provide lucrative employment opportunities.

 Students are permitted to work part-time or on campus for approximately 20 hours per week while enrolled in classes under government regulations.

Prospects for Immigration

 There are many reasons why Canada is one of the most appealing destinations for immigrants. One of them is the favorable climate, high standard of living, and immigration-friendly policies. 

Additionally, Canada is one of the world's most dynamic and progressive nations due to its diverse communities. After completing their education in Canada, students have the opportunity to apply for permanent residency after gaining some work experience, which is one of the benefits.

Grants

The educational expense is quite possibly of the greatest concern guardians and understudies have while concentrating abroad. Scholarships from the Canadian government and a number of other organizations are available to students who have excellent academic records. 

Students who are deserving can apply for the scholarship, and they may even receive one without having to do so. The majority of recipients of the scholarship are students. 

What are the requirements to study in Canada?

To be admitted to a Canadian higher education institution, students must meet a number of requirements, regardless of whether they are applying for an undergraduate or graduate program. The degree of intensity can change contingent upon the field picked for studies and other significant angles.

[chawsl]

Reposted from WhatsApp group:

The Truth about Cost of Living in Singapore, according to Kenneth Jeyarathnam:

Many in the West, employing a crude utilitarian calculus, might argue that it does not matter if the human rights of a few liberals and members of the upper classes get trampled on and the lives of a few idealistic naifs are ruined, if the end result is that the majority of the people are made better off. You say that LKY made the country rich. I would disagree with that assertion. Firstly the country was already rich and Singapore’s growth after his ascension to power was more the result of Singapore’s strategic position and the long boom in world trade that began in the 1960s as the US current account moved into deficit as a result of the Vietnam war and steadily growing budget deficits.

Singapore was the jewel in the crown of Britain’s empire occupying an unparalleled strategic position at the crossroads of world trade that was well known since the sixteenth century when a Portuguese admiral said that whoever controlled the Straits of Malacca had their boot on the throat of Venice, which controlled the all-important spice trade. In 1929 Singapore’s per capita GDP in PPP terms was higher than that of Japan. In 1950, after the Great Depression and the War, Singapore’s GDP per capita was still higher than the rest of Asia. In fact when LKY took over in 1960, Singapore’s GDP per capita was lower than it had been for much of the 1930s (see the Maddison Project for figures). Using a depressed base year for comparison helps to flatter LKY’s record.

You compare Singapore’s growth in GDP per capita with that of Jamaica. However that is an unfair comparison as Jamaica was a primarily agricultural country with none of the strategic advantages of Singapore, which was almost completely urbanised at independence. Jamaica had a legacy of slavery and extreme underinvestment by the British in health and education in the same way as much of their empire.. The British invested substantially more in developing Singapore, as a major port, oil refining centre and naval base than they did in Jamaica.

A better comparison is with Ireland, whose per capita GDP in 1960 was US$686. By 2021 it had risen to US$100,172. Its compound rate of growth over the last 60 years is almost the same as Singapore’s and its GDP per capita almost as misleading as a proxy for its people’s standard of living. Both countries have adopted similar policies of attracting MNC investment, driven by tax breaks that have made the Irish GDP growth rates the subject of much bemusement, including by Paul Krugman in your newspaper who dubbed it “Leprechaun Economics”.

Singapore’s GDP per capita is even more inflated for two reasons. Firstly foreign workers comprise nearly 50% of its workforce. This means the ratio of dependents (because foreign workers are usually forced to leave their families at home or are young and unmarried) to workers is unusually low. Secondly Singaporeans work some of the longest hours in the world. If you normalise GDP per capita by dividing it by hours worked Singapore’s performance since 1960 looks much more pedestrian. On a Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) basis, Singapore’s output per hour worked was on the same level as the UK in 2019 and well behind that of France and Germany. It was only about two-thirds of the US, Swiss and Danish levels. Using PPP rather than market exchange rates flatters the comparison.

It is also inappropriate to compare Singapore with large countries rather than cities as Singapore is nearly 100% urbanised. If we compared GDP per hour worked with other cities like New York, Los Angeles, Milan, Paris or London the comparison would be even more unflattering.

The truth is that Singaporeans have to work very long hours in order to earn a living income. Contrast minimum wages of around S$17 per hour in London, S$20 in New York and S$35 an hour in Zurich with earnings for the lowest paid Singaporeans of about S$7 an hour or less (there is no minimum wage).

Prices for essential foodstuffs and other items are often double what consumers in other countries pay. Because of the lack of a minimum wage and competition from very cheap foreign workers the labour force participation rate for citizens is very low, disguised by not counting men doing National Service and the Government’s subsidies for skills upgrading courses, many of which are of questionable value.

You say that Lamborghinis and Ferraris are everywhere but these mostly belong to foreigners. Singaporeans have to pay the highest prices in the world for average autos. They also pay some of the highest prices in the world per square metre for public housing, which is leased but reverts back to the Government at the end of 99 years. Singaporeans do not really own their own homes.

[entity9silvergen]

I recently asked reddit for some LGBT history from countries other than the US. Here’s what I got:

Germany

The Weimar Republic was surprisingly accepting of "alternative lifestyles."

During the Weimar Republic, Germany had a pretty active LGBTQ scene, with some major films and songs being produced, despite it still being illegal at the time. However, there was also a push to decriminalize homosexual behavior which sadly wasn't passed as the Nazis came to power.

This was based of two factors: after WW1 the authoritarian culture of Prussia sorta received a long overdue pushback. People were kinda sick of it, especially since these losers led them into a seemingly pointless war to begin with. Second: A LOT of men died in WW1 - and the army did not exactly prefer LGBT people. So with a lot of regular folks dead, the percentages of the total populace was sorta shifted. This also pushed the women's rights movements at the time for a similar reason.

Magnus Hirschfeld was helping trans people transition, crossdressers get crossdressing 'licenses', and generally advocating for and helping the LGBT community in the early 1900s in Germany. Nazis ended up raiding and burning down his research institute.

Hirschfeld was a gay polyamorous man. He was one of the first advocates for trans and gay rights but his work was destroyed by the Nazis.

The institute he headed even did the first modern gender affirming surgeries. The institute was destroyed and many people who were there (including the first known person to undergo complete MtF surgery) were killed by the nazis and the place was little more than bombed out ruins at the end of the war.

More information on the institute

Pre Nazi interwar Germany (Weimar Republic)  was pretty open when it came to not only sexuality, but also gender identity. The Nazis put a stop to that & tried to destroy any & all research into either, but, for a brief moment, it was there.

Russia

Pretty sure all Russian LGBT history was erased before we even had a written language, but Russia almost got gay marriage legalized in the first soviet constitution (didn’t happen bc Stalin)

The early soviet period (pre-Stalin) is sometimes called “the first sexual revolution” as opposed to America’s “sexual Revolution” of the 60’s. Broad women’s suffrage, female employment and education, parental leave, advancement of GSM rights & decriminalization of abortion. This unfortunately did not stand the test of time & reactionary sentiment.

Additional Source

UK/ Britain/ England 

The lead singer of Judas Priest is gay. The commenter’s father thought it was kinda funny because it didn’t match with his biker aesthetic, but the commenter doesn’t think he considered how much leather he wears on a daily basis

Hell bent for Leather was a track off Killing Machine. It was written by lead guitarist Glenn Tipton (who is straight), but it's fun to find alternative meanings in Priest songs. A second commenter likes to pretend a lot of the lyrics Halford sings are gayer than they actually are.

A couple people mentioned how uncomfortable it was seeing Ru Paul interact with British drag queens because he barely knows anything about British culture.

Ru Paul got angry that a British drag queen hasn’t seen the Golden Girls because “it’s gay culture” and then not five minutes later someone had to explain to him who Alan Turing was.

Alan Turing, who was an incredibly noteworthy figure (He made the Enigma codebreaker machine, which broke the code that was used by Nazis during the war and basically sped up the war by a significant margin. He also set the foundations for artificial intelligence, one achievement he was named for: the Turing Test), was homosexual and prosecuted multiple times because of it

Shakespeare was probably bisexual (some of his sonnets had homoerotic subtext/were sent to a younger man). Plus, Hamlet is gay as fuck. 

Sonnet 46 was very gay. Here’s a link!

King James 1st was corrupt and used his position to promote his gay lover to higher positions than he should've gotten. 

The 13 year old king James 6th of Scotland and 1st of England fell in love with a 37 year old catholic Franco Scottish man. The king gave the older man so much free shit that other lords started getting salty and his lover ended up converting to Presbyterianism out of loyalty to his young lover. He also fell in love with a man who ''was noted for his handsome appearance as well as his limited intelligence.'' 

Clearly James was into himbos, and women too.

He had a secret tunnel connecting his bedroom to George Villiers’s bedroom.

His relationship with Villiers was basically common knowledge and a source of much amusement and mockery. He also once said that his relationship with Villiers was equivalent to the relationship that Christ had with John the Baptist

Much more recently, there's obviously JKR and the banning of puberty blockers and Margaret Thatcher opposing LGBTQ+ rights by passing a law meaning you couldn't 'promote homosexuality'. 

Prince Philip was a racist twat (and probably a huge homophobe knowing him).

Gay marriage only became legal in 2014.

The Wolfenden Report was published in 1957, and it recommended the decriminalization of homosexual acts between consenting adults. It was a huge topic of public debate, and ultimately led to the Sexual Offences act of 1967, which legalized sexual acts between consenting men aged 21 or over in England and Wales (sexual acts between women were never explicitly criminalized). Scotland decriminalized sex between men in 1980, and Northern Ireland in 1982. 

For a totally batshit real-life bit of gay history, check out the show A Very English Scandal. It's about a politician, Jeremy Thorpe, who put a hit out on his former lover who was threatening to go public with the fact they had had a relationship. 

Austria

Gay marriage was legalized in Austria about 3 years ago. The worst thing is that it'd have staid illegal if the Supreme Court wouldn't have jumped in and declare it to be unconstitutional.

Austria did have something called "partnership" which was where gay couples could officially register with the state as couples but not receive any of the benefits of married het people

They still have super backwards Transphobic laws requiring for example "real life experience" to get even diagnosed. Basically you're forced to be and live as feminine/masc as possible and a doctor them judges if you're femme or masc enough. It's torture

Australia had widespread, over 60% approval of gay marriage for well over a decade before the government legalized it. The governments were actually going against the people for a very long time by denying it.

Taiwan/ Hong Kong/ Mainland China

When Taiwan recently legalized gay marriage, their official statement was something along the lines that they were casting off Western-imposed values and returning to their own traditional values and the entire western lgbt community ridiculed them in a "if that's what you need to tell yourself" sort of way but it's actually the truth. 

Prior to western colonization, the Imperial Chinese attitude toward sexuality was not dissimilar to Greco-Roman attitudes in that a man must marry a woman to beget legitimate heirs but whatever else he does on the side is his own business. It wasn't until Victorian colonizers came along and imposed homophobic attitudes on China that China started treating gays like abominations. In Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China, as indeed most of the world, homophobia is a western value imposed by colonizers.

Bonus history: there is an actual saying in Arabic that was in widespread use across the Middle East and North Africa for thousands of years from classical antiquity until European colonization. The saying goes "Women are for babies, [young men] are for fun."

The commenter specifies that this means “college-aged twinks,” not children

Another commenter speculates about when homophobia arose in China and how. They also add that in Rome, bottoms were stigmatized. 

There’s a story of Emperor Ai of the Han dynasty & him cutting off his sleeve for his boyfriend

There is also a god worshipped in Taiwan, the Rabbit God Tu'er Shen, whose domain is managing love and sex between same-sex attracted people. He is meant to be the incarnation of a soldier from the 17th century, who fell in love with an imperial inspector and spied on him bathing, and was tortured and killed by that official because he was offended by the spying. A villager from the soldier's hometown dreamed that Tu'er Shen appeared to him and said that because his crime had been love, he had been appointed to manage the affairs of gay people. The villagers erected a secret temple to the soldier, and people have been praying to him ever since.

South Africa

South Africa became the first nation in the world to explicitly prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in its constitution. It was also first country in Africa to legalize same sex marriage in 2006. What really set them back for so long was apartheid.

There is some speculation that that Shaka Zulu was gay since he never took any wives

South Africa's post Apartheid constitution was the first in the world to outlaw discrimination based on sexual orientation in 1996.

South Africa was also the 5th country in the world and only country in Africa to legalize same sex marriage in 2005.

Even before that the Constitutional Court ruled that sexual orientation was not relevant when deciding child custody in 2002.

Transgender folks have been allowed to change their sex in the population registry since 2003.

Conversion therapy is not illegal yet and public opinion still needs some work.

Spain

In Spain gay marriage was legalized in 2005, now they are considered one of de gay-friendliest countries in the world. The commenter is a lesbian and has never been closeted or directly experienced discrimination for being a lesbian.

In July 2005, Spain became the third country in the world to explicitly legalize gay marriage, after a thirty-year struggle following the fall of Franco's dictatorship, during which most activism was carried clandestinely (as it was illegal).

From 2007 onwards, Spanish [binary] trans people can legally correct the name and sex fields of their IDs and currently, there's a push for a law that would allow for legal recognition of non-binary Spaniards.

Despite the dictatorship in the 60s, there were cinemas that specialized in gay meet ups. Trans women also had ways to get passports so they could go to the US for surgery.

Ireland

In Northern Ireland, same sex marriage only became legal in 2020 and the leader of the most popular party is homophobic transphobic racist and sexist af. In fact, the majority of the party are but some of the quotes from the biggest party leader are depressing.

Same-sex marriage was only legalized in Ireland in 2015. Homosexuality was decriminalized in 1993. 

When Ireland legalized same sex marriage by popular vote in 2015, it was still something you got horribly bullied for in schools if you were out. Queer people got an apology from the Taoiseach in 2018, for the suffering and discrimination we faced from the State prior to the legalization of homosexuality.

In the case of trans rights, in 2015 the Gender Recognition Act was signed into law. It allows legal gender changes without the requirement of medical intervention or assessment by the state as long as you are over the age of 18. 

Ireland has fines and jail time for anyone found guilty of attempting conversation therapy. 

Ireland has seen a lot of progress in LGBT rights in the last 6 years but even up to the 2000s, citizens left their family members and friends to rot for being LGBT+. It still happens all over the country, especially in circles that are still fanatically Catholic. As the Catholic Church has lost the iron grip on the country, people have become more accepting of the LGBT+.

India

The Kamasutra(ancient text on sexuality etc.) has an entire chapter dedicated to homosexuality

The Arthashastra, a 2nd century BCE Indian treatise on statecraft, mentions a wide variety of sexual practices which, whether performed with a man or a woman, were sought to be punished with the lowest grade of fine. While homosexual intercourse was not sanctioned, it was treated as a very minor offence, and several kinds of heterosexual intercourse were punished more severely.

Sex between non-virgin women incurred a small fine, while homosexual intercourse between men could be made up for merely with a bath with one's clothes on, and a penance of "eating the five products of the cow and keeping a one-night fast"

Milk, curd (cheese), ghi (clarified butter), urine, and dung are the five products of a cow

The commenter adds that this is not a terrible punishment.

The Mughal Empire mandated a common set of punishments for homosexuality, which could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim

On 6 September 2018 the Supreme Court of India invalidated part of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code making homosexuality legal in India

Prior to the British colonization of India homosexuality was not all that looked down upon when compared to what happened when the British took over and instituted anti gay laws.

The Hijra (literally means third gender) were seen as normal and have been accepted since long before Christ, as evidenced by the Karma Sutra. The British took videos of them to take back to demonstrate how the Desi were “barbaric”.

Bonsia

In Bosnia, there was a one pride parade that ended with religious extremists ruining it and the police not doing anything. It was supposed to be 5 maybe 3 days long but ended in like 1 or 2.

The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe mapped out the entire night sky with only his eyes. It laid the foundations of many later scientists, such as Isaac Newton. He was a very rich nobleman, so much so that he owned 1% of Denmark's money. He had a pet dwarf that apparently could see the future, which sounds pretty gay. He was also part of the Elefant Ordning, which consisted of rich and strong Danish men.

Philippines 

Despite many attempts to legalize same-sex marriage, the Philippines still didn't budge. Being gay in itself is legal, but same-sex marriage still isn't.

Philippines ,the most Catholic Country in Southeast Asia, has held the largest Pride Parade in Southeast Asia.

Serbia

Serbia didn't have history from about 16th century to 1800's when the 1st revolt happened and failed till 1813's... Then yet another in 1830's for semi independence from Turks, and full in 1836

During the last lingering Ottoman rule over autonomous Serbia, Serbia was one of the very first few countries to have legal mostly everything... it then got removed with like 3 constitution changes and then it didn't move forward for a looong time

Switzerland

Would you have thought that small, conservative Switzerland was a center of the international gay community during the mid-20th century? The magazine "Der Kreis"- the circle - was the only queer magazine in the world that kept publishing during WWII. It was edited in Zurich and distributed internationally, which often meant illegal smuggling, even into nazi Germany. The magazine's annual ball was attended by hundreds of gay men from all over Europe each year. The whole thing was kept strictly secret from the public, though it was known and tolerated by the police.

The Kreis club disbanded in 1967, as repressions grew heavier after a number of murders in the scene had caught the public's attention. By then, other European and American groups took its place, publishing their own magazines.

They made a movie about it.

More info about Der Kreis

As of today, Switzerland doesn't allow gay marriage. A country-wide referendum will be held this fall on gay marriage.

The commenter speculates that gay marriage will be legalized.

A few people expressed surprise that Switerland is socially conservative and several people explained that women’s right to vote was only place in the 70s.

There’s a movie about it

Turkey

A Muslim Persian (born in modern day Turkey) philosopher/mysticist named Mewlana who is known for his sayings on acceptance and love for one another was gay! He had exchanged letters with his instructor Shams and wrote homoerotic poems to him! In Turkey this is ignored by many due to the country's stance on homosexuality

More information

Norway

The commenter’s hometown and the neighboring town arranged their first pride parade/event in 2017, which is a big deal for a small place and one of the local priests went livid and went straight to the newspaper and social media to condemn it. A local rapper wrote a short and to the point article in the newspaper calling him out for all kinds of things which was a great read. Then to top it off, the priest arranged for a "Jesus Parade" in protest to be held the day before the pride parade. Only like five people walked in it, not including the priest of course because he happened to be on vacation in Spain that week. The pride parade itself was a success though! It's become an annual event. Covid has put some breaks on it though, but they're making a documentary this year about the pride celebrations.

Hungary

Hungary has no same sex marriage or transition rights

Police are unkind to protestors

During “commie times,” being queer was illegal so queer people went to the gulag

Belgium

Same sex marriage was legalized in Belgium in 2003 (right after the NL who were the first in the world). The commenter says that same-sex marriage has always felt possible and she is confused about other countries’ actions.

Poland

Polish president on public assembly: 'LGBT is not people, this is ideology'.

Denmark

WHO took their sweet time declassifying being transgender as a mental illness, so Denmark got sick of waiting and became the first country to stop classifying it as an illness.

Australia

In Australia same-sex marriage wasn't legal until 2017.

Portugal

Portugal is know for having one of the most (if not THE most) peaceful revolutions in history back in the 60's, with only 4 deaths total.

Canada

Operation Soap.

Mexico

To learn more, watch Dance of the 41 on Netflix.

Netherlands

NL was one of the first countries to legalize gay marriage in 2001

Sweden

In Sweden they used to classify Homosexuality as a disease during the 20th century so in protest people would call in too gay to work.

New Zealand

When same sex marriage was legalized, the parliament broke into song.

The song

Other

Homosexuality is illegal in 73 countries, some by death or life in prison.

Only one country in Asia has legalized same-sex marriage: Taiwan

FNAF is older than same-sex marriage in the US

Condor Operation

I think this is some important stuff so please reblog so more people can see! And, if you would like to add to or correct anything here, feel free to do so!

[seachranaidhe]

'Academic vandalism' - unique archive of the Troubles under threat

‘Academic vandalism’ – unique archive of the Troubles under threat

Scholars voice outrage at Ulster University’s plans to confine ‘impartial’ records of conflict to history

General view of Milltown cemetery in West Belfast

    It is one of the most important sources of information about the Troubles in Northern Ireland, a historical memory bank of data, stories and images used by scholars around the world.

The Conflict Archive on the Internet (Cain) website,…

[languagesucksmagazine]

Computations for Hesiod

(1) Works/Days

Marriage will not not ease yourself. Settle on it, h m p t s f r Don’t uncover yourself: a wise heart makes water. T t h s p s t n r c h s t n t r v n t n c m f r m m s n s t h t n t n l w s n r c h s t t h r n n c p s t s t r c t r l s t b t l s t h t p s t r c t r l s m Inside, and do not. t s l f w s n n For you, do while: gods are angry: dare to taunt, c n r c h s t T h t s Cross the sweet-flowing, the gods. Never t s n r Years, nor much. That was also for a bad one, c h s m l l w d s h v s And be ready to be withered. g g s t d t h t h r z t n f t h t n m f t h p l t c l w t h t s m l t p l s t s f p w r n d d m n t n s From: do not. t h t m s s n t l s t d s b t s b j c t v t t h d t r m n s t v w f h s t r n d t h r t n l d s c r s s f t h n l g h t n m n t P s t s t r c t r l s m s n t r n t l s t n t s p l t c l r n t t n f n d m n t l l n r c h s t p r t c l r l t s d c n s t The cut could not make four years, and wins nothing. r c t v p r j c t f n m s k n g n d d s t b l z n g t h t h r t f n s t t t n s n d c n t s t n g p r c Better heart. t c s f p w r t h t r d m n t n g n d x c l s n r T h p r b l m w t h p s t s t r c t r l s m w s t h t w h l t m p l d c m m t m n t t n t t h r t r n Dawn with unwashed, cut, but be not. p l t c s t l c k d n t n l n x p l c t p l t c t h c c n t n t b t l s n d q t c c n t f n d v d l g n c T h c n Let your nothing to eat in word or wash your hands. w l l s t s Do not get rough-hewn, or mischief. m l t p l d n t t s n d s t s f r s s t n c s t t c h r c h f m l p t r r c h t c b n d t h c n m c r d c t Do not uncover mysteries, for Heaven is not clean. n s t f r m w r k f M r x His is raised, but hard to please. s m H w The cut of wickedness, the wife, and, again, house, but v r s h v l s r g Avoid this also. Never, d t h m p l c t n s f t h s t h r t c l n n v t n s But as never wholly dies this is difficult to be. w r r Ages, while you go to be boorish at your ways, s t r c t d b t h p s t m l g And especially now you have prayed, c l c n d t n Bright steel. s f t r Never at a vine, in some ways to sit on things, l p r b l Put the ladle. m w t h F c l t f r n s t n c w s t h t f t h s b j c t s c n s t r c t d t h r g h t h d s c r s s n d r l t n s f p w r t h t d m n t h m h w x c t l d s h r s s t t h s d m n t n T h r f r t h p r m s f r b r See to your party. n g n g t g t For malignant divine, h r n r c h s Deadly poverty.

(2) Works/Seconds

And the pleasure that is greatest fades away w l w b w k n o g m d w e r l k v k k l n p u d q i i w s m s r c e j j g m f k s d When the idea of a function of a complex variable contains many permutations, h t x m i g j u b t n m n n g c g l y y i b a t o w a i d l q y f j d o w h x m l q w l a h r r u i b r f m r r s n t a m w s n l q i p r k g o v i s r t d p w n b g y o u c x e j a h i k l h b e i n x n v v q f x m t v l u f d j n x And makes an expansion theorem with hands unwashed of induction. d j w u l b d w a l t p s f r b g h x h m n c q a m t a s g m e k i k p n t o q Do not. l w o v c p m l e u f j r o w q o w o w y g q i j d e r e d h n x w a n You are to come back. d y a m e p k v l p i m v t t f s s r j d n c w n f e s i Do not. f m l y y f m j d x i r e u i x k c w g t a b o q o o r o e o j k g c s c r d c l j x g p b e g e h d b x d e g c t f l g d d k k v s i n v y w h s u j p k u n d n a y c h v c v l n s a s q p y v h h l n f u x m q x n y c j k h k u n x r f r u e n u i t d x d g e x g p f h f v f e b r v w c d d k b f l a k f d j a r l j n m w d f n u m c u f f b b d c k v t x n u g p n f c o o u f p h h e s s s e c y a c n j x t p a d c t q v k o x o b c l c x s m b q q t y l a g t k i b t x n r d j That which moves orderly, as previously demonstrated, v i m q h b d p f b c d v e c u w x f x q y h g j d e h s h a s v r w w b x t d s m h q k d u t v r y u r x k y s v d a i j o c u k k g c s b y t n p d w x f i w e w e w s g l s n n b q q t i x f i c o h p s p c h e p y d l c i o p e d x w p c t w r l w g l q l f k f i u w e u r o m j e e x u g y e q l d b e y c y p u w w a v f Is ill-luck attached to man unmanly. c k a g r y q y q y d r x r j a s b i g t r d n f f g p r s s u w w x c h k d r b d y h h q w d v v q v r p m b s p f o y l p k i v i j x o h s j r k l y a d u w b q j e y j f c q f e p s e d g i e p p i g k w t m f h c w r j n f p j p o v q t o p f o c f g w m c u u h p r y l w x i s w c p b t b u i d b p q e k w u l u k e d l q n k v j k i n h u g o w c t o g b q c m x c h g i k i m j k x m x j c b m h c q m w g r l a u n d s o x a c p w x g g m v h g k k y r x r x q a t y k q x o g x d t j c f r l w x h u b w s j w h v d y s k o b n s u w p k b w j o e y q a p j o t b k r o m k h u l q k f h t h h b w r i v g e k e i j v k r u o q l f q u u h w w x t y i j t h i d k f g e w m i g b j y r y d h x e b f w o w s a y u u v o p g v i v d p s c c a y c a f l j c b t w b d m d d w i j v j m x i o g u d x x d s w Teach her to be careful. d j u p j w p q v p c r a w c t j a q v c g k n u g l c v y c l c c l a k e o a g j x u v h w y u d g o g x i e b e c p s s r r x i t c x m q j f a k y a t g o s c v c u u t m r k k x r l r n l s g j w c w a h t q m x u p s e p f a p s e y f r e c b w l t h d j l g c m s j f h i s w r x o s i j j k k m t j g p x n n q n l h m p e m u y j n w m a l a k q a k m f j e c k p l c f d o b a s v v e i d e n x f y m h p c s o b p f c q y n m k y d r r l c y b a y r u f q j q f j p p a q j f n u b k w j v h d c e j c j m e i n n o u e q e d t i i v i q y i x l w u s d w f c b h j a m e y u k k x r w w a t d a o f s c q t s y p r n j a b w n r y n m r k l h u d v q l t i c i e a b l o j p v m j k j d k x f l r i i y f f m e n k s k j l m y p g v q u k a c o w c t a w h l a j p e r x His theorem is a mock of a pour, g q e v t t h e c b l h j e w o e t h f r x x c n d t t b b b y w d t r f r s n u x c x k q l t c j n x h i p h w g p q a v u h v k s g l m d d i n i l w r x e p v u i b l n b m j t m a f e o k s g s l i d h e a f m t b s e k u i o t r n i v s q f c i p r o y s e a r u y g m i a j x s m e h s k k x o e n x e w e a o i y c o l e m n f a g m g f m x g j o y j r y c f u e w p v m e d w e g f o o p j s b b r r h t p v q n l y e k q t g d x w l l b o l i a f e n x g g i j e s x u l a g v m s l w a x y g r r v g n e a h h i x p e x g t j i f c q i t q w m r f o t b o t s e i v c a g a l j n n r j b f h n d w u v x f t s o q i u f u w k r l v u a f x g y l b s o e v s i d w d r t n e b h s h j c e g s e i t y m d u p t r j x d k t e d v q t g m m q b e m m a o j u v

t r s c c y w m x s i f l b t s n n f g e a s a a d c k l v e u g h k m t m h l d a g r e f h e u v o q x p f e r l f l a f c a g b m w g m l a f y l v o f l l s t i o j o m u l q q t f f f k r w r s g n h t w y e h c j r p t r h m n v v a s c a n d g n f b u i k p n n i k o b w v k i a p k e t c s h f m w f j o r a w l a e y d t k f h j l g r n p f l n o k j t y f h j e s b o j x b n m a m v b y i e p a b d s j g g u r u d j q r d k v e r t m m q e b j g y s e s v r m y t j f x o k j k q m c p k i l e w n m w c b l n j i q h w k j g i e r l x d m q t A libation towards his rising. i g k c a q s w d r f l t c y x a m m k k x o k u d c q k w t o q a q v h n w l o o b e l n h c h y d y n k f l r n r a x s v x w b c f n n

Sascha Engel is the founder and editor of Strukturriss, an Ireland-based journal focusing on anarchic dissolutions of text. After teaching in U.S. higher education for a while, he now writes semi-human word structures which have been published in the Centre for Experimental Ontology, Streetcake, Beir Bua, and Tattie Zine, among others.

[politicotalk]

Cultural Identity in Canadian Politics

When I talk to foreign people about Canadian politics, they always come to me and ask me what the hell the issues in Canada can be. That place looks like paradise land. Is the biggest issue how to avoid having your car buried in a pile of snow, or how to teach mooses how to play hockey. All countries have their internal issues, including countries such as Canada, Norway or Sweden which seem to be perfect on the outside. I’m going to try to explain what the major issues Canadian Federal politics face, issues specific to Canada.

Indigenous people Indigenous people of Canada, also refered to as the aboriginal people, have been in the shadows, cast aside, for a very long time in Canadian everyday politics. Actually, since the arrival of European colonisers in the 16th century, they have been sort of cast aside. The first Europeans to come and stay were the French, and they had a lot of issues when they came. First off, they had scurvy; the indigenous helped them with that. Secondly, they didn’t know how to survive harsh Canadian winters, the indigenous people helped them with that. French and First Nations traded with each other and created alliances and systems of relations where both parties benefited from each other’s presence. French population grew in the mean time. The British came and settled, and the tables really started to turn after the American Revolution; a lot of people living in the 13 colonies were faithful to the British Crown and fled North to modern day Canada. This brought a complete shift in demography; all of a sudden, the indigenous (and French) populations were outnumbered by the British. First Nations were pushed out of towns slowly but surely. Come the 19th century, bad boy United States was a major threat. They had something called “manifest destiny”, where they saw the West as a baren wasteland in need of colonisation by white people. The Canadian government freaked out, because this meant they could encapsulate Canada and absorb it into the United States. Well, the Canadian government also looked at the west and thought “well fuck, bud, we gotta claim this land”, so they started building a railroad from modern-day Ontario to British Columbia, all the way on the Pacific Coast. There was a big problem though, you see, this area wasn’t a wasteland; there were a lot of First Nations living there, including aboriginal and Métis people. What did the government do? Adopt the Indian Act in 1876. Yeah, no joke, it’s literally called the “Indian Act”. This land these people lived on was full of natural resources, but these people would not cede to the federal government because fuck you. So the government came up with this stupid law. Indigenous people were forbidden from creating their own governments, hold religious ceremonies, hire lawyers or go against the government over land claims. From the 20th century, when education became an important thing for children, with the help of local religious groups, the government started opening what is called “residential schools” and this is brought on a clusterfuck of problems we are faced with today.

The government gave itself the right to take Indigenous children from their families and force them to go to these schools, where they resided. The parents had no say in whether these children were allowed to go or not. These kids had their heads shaved, were forced to keep short hair, banned from wearing any traditional clothing, speak in their native languages – instead they had to speak English or French –, practice their religion – instead, they were brought into the Catholic Church or any Protestant Churches – and they were banned from contacting their families. I mention hair, some people might thing “so what?”; well, long hair is really important in Native Americans’ cultures. It’s as if you were to tell someone from Bavaria that they were no longer allowed to wear lederhosen. The point of this was to strip these kids of their identities, make them white, and so they would cede their lands more easily to the government, so it could profit off of it.

I can’t tell you how badly that backfired. From the 90’s, these poor kids who were, for the majority, adults started to take the government to court for wrongful abuse made towards them, in claims of abuse done towards them. You probably know that the Catholic Church does not have the best record, especially when it comes to violence done towards children, and Ireland was on the forefront of the international stage years ago for allegations of sexual abuse done by members of the clergy towards children. Well, this wasn’t an exception for Canada. To further prove this, the bodies of thousands of dead children were found buried all around these ex-residential schools in 2020. This was orchestrated by the Canadian government AND the Churches.

Thankfully, the Indian Act, though it still technically exists, is kinda stripped. Aboriginal people have the right to assembly, have the right to practice their religion, speak their languages, practice their cultures, etc. All good right? Right?

Well, not quite, this comes to a second point that was brought up again in the recent elections. What would the candidates do in regards to clean drinking water for the aboriginal? To examine this question, we need to rewind, again (sorry). The aboriginal live, for the majority, on what is called “reserves”. They are lands that are under their local governments’ control, where they all live. If you went to Montreal, Toronto, or even Moose Jaw, you could turn on the tap in the kitchen and drink the water there, no problem. Well, the residences on these reserves, not only are in deplorable states, but they also do not have clean, running water. Canada is not the Sahara. We are not lacking water. Canada has actually the world’s highest amount of natural drinking water. Fly over the country and it’s rivers and lakes everywhere. Yet, these people don’t have running water? So this topic has come back several times in the elections over the last 20 years and no one has done anything.

This is barely scratching the surface of issues surrounding aboriginal people in Canada. These two issues were the ones that came up in the last federal leaders’ debate.

French people Canada is a multicultural country. As mentioned before, the French-speaking population has been in Canada for over four centuries now. They have also been marginalised in some ways, and several attempts to assimilate have been made, but to no avail. Today, the French-speaking population is spread over all of Canada’s provinces, but the majority resides in the province of Quebec, where the official language is only French. Several French speakers live in Acadia (in the East of Canada) in Ontario and in Manitoba. Only New Brunswick is officially bilingual. French people – especially the people of Quebec – have seen themselves as different from the English speakers. They see themselves as an entirely different nation (I should point out that I use the term “nation” in the sense of the term synonymous with “population”). Issues flared up in the late 60’s and lead to a lot of tension in the 70’s, where the culture really started to solidify, and lead to a referendum in 1981 and 1995 in regards to whether Quebec wanted to become an independent country. In short, both times, the answer was no. In 1995, the answer was very slim, with the results being 49% to 51%. The situation in Quebec is very similar as the one in Catalonia and Scotland. 1995 might seem like yesterday to some, but I will remind you that this was 26 years ago. Things change in 26 years. New people are made, old people die. The thought of independence is a far away memory in most people’s imagination, and the young people are pretty cool with not wanting an independent country. This doesn’t mean that all of a sudden, Quebeckers are cool with the federal government and kissing the flag; they still see themselves as different, but have come to accept their place in the country, as the government has accommodated more and more for the French language, and given Quebec flexibility over their governance. But you see, Quebec’s aggressive stance over its language gives the other French speakers the ability to continue existing; media, culture and academic content come largely from Quebec. Without Quebec, these other French speaking cultures fear ceasing to exist.

So what about today? Well, firstly, the health sector is governed by the provinces. This means that Quebec was mostly in control of handling Covid, and they want to deal with all issues surrounding this.

Another thing to mention, is that, most likely because of its catholic culture, Quebec is very left leaning. Most votes for the NDP and a portion for the Liberals come from Quebec, and barely any go to the Conservative. They are in favour of public health services, public education with low fees for higher education, help to families and issues talking the environment. Canada currently heavily relies on industries in the primary sector, especially the West. So if Quebec is so in favour of not allowing pipelines to be built, or not excavating for oil, this wouldn’t affect them so much.

In conclusion, this is what Canada has to deal with, long tensions amongst its three main cultural groups. Let me know what your thoughts are and what your country is tackling in terms of internal conflicts.

[breakthestigmatogether]

Women, Trauma and Homelessness

People may believe risk factors for homelessness are the same for both genders, but this is only true to some extent as there are some major differences when it comes to women’s experiences of trauma and homelessness. For example, women are much more likely to experience hidden homelessness as they are more liekley to couch surf, trade sex for housing, or live in overcrowded apartments (Schwan et al., 2020). Women are also found to experience sexual trauma and emotional abuse more frequently than homeless males. Additionally, research shows that females are more likely than males to develop PTSD as a result of trauma, although the reason for this is not well understood. However, it is believed that the high rates of sexual trauma among females plays a role as rape and sexual assult are linked with an increased risk of developing PTSD (Gwadz et al., 2007).  

Aside from sexaul trauma, females also experience domestic violence at higher rates  than males (Kim et al., 2010). In fact, domestic abuse is often cited as one of the strongest contributors to female homelessness. Research from various countries reveals that the number of homeless females who have experienced domestic violence ranges from 40% in the UK and Ireland to 50% in Portugal and Hungary (FEANTSA, 2019). When these females escape the violent situation they are in, a lot of them end up on the street where they continue to be exposed to violence and abuse. In a study done in Ireland, 92% of homeless females stated that they have experienced some type of violence in their life (FEANTSA, 2019).

It should also be noted that homeless females were found to be significantly younger than males, more likely to have children, have a lower education, be unemployed and to have been victimized by males. Additionally, they were found to have higher psychological distress, but were less likely than males to have used alcohol or cannabis. They were also found to be less involved in crimes and substance abuse (Vet et al., 2019).  

Another difference between females and males is the way they receive help. Females are more likely to reach out to a friend/acquaintance for financial support than males. It has been noted that 20% of females get financial help from their peers while only 5.9% of males receive financial support from people around them (Gwadz et al., 2007).   .  

Citations

FEANTSA. (2019). Women experiencing violence and homelessness: interlinked and unaddressed gender specific needs. Retrieved from https://www.feantsa.org/public/user/Resources/Position_papers/FEANTSA_background_paper_Women%27s_Homelessness_and_GBV.pdf

Gwadz, M. V., Nish, D., Leonard, N. R., & Strauss, S. M. (2006;2007;). Gender differences in traumatic events and rates of post-traumatic stress disorder among homeless youth. Journal of Adolescence (London, England.), 30(1), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.01.004

Kim, M. M., Ford, J. D., Howard, D. L., & Bradford, D. W. (2010). Assessing trauma, substance abuse, and mental health in a sample of homeless men.Health & Social Work, 35(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/35.1.39

Schwan, K., Versteegh, A., Perri, M., Caplan, R., Baig, K., Dej, E., Jenkinson, J., Brais, H., Eiboff, F., & Pahlevan Chaleshtari, T. (2020). The State of Women’s Housing Need & Homelessness in Canada: Executive Summary. Hache, A., Nelson, A., Kratochvil, E., & Malenfant, J. (Eds). Toronto, ON: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press.

Vet, R. d., Beijersbergen, M. D., Lako, D. A. M., Hemert, A. M. v., Herman, D. B., & Wolf, J. R. L. M. (2019). Differences between homeless women and men before and after the transition from shelter to community living: A longitudinal analysis. Health & Social Care in the Community, 27(5), 1193-1203. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12752

[danteriverflow]

Things to think about

Version 1

1. A Council of the Isles

The purpose is to discuss areas of shared values/interests/concerns equally. To be attended by:

UK PM (if it still exists)

Regional English representatives (perhaps North, Middle, South)

1st Minister of Scotland

1st Minister of Wales

1st Minister of NI (unless Irish unification)

Gibraltar

Channel Islands

Isle of Man

Other significant island groups. (Outer Hebrides?, Shetland, Orkney, Atlantic islands, Diego Garcia, Falklands, etc)

Representative from Republic of Ireland

2. Brexit

Create a mini common market for perishable goods (Food, Fish, agricultural products) with the EU. No quotas/tariffs. Mirroring relevant EU standards.

Create a European Citizens Card granting shared UK/EU citizenship to anyone who wanted to apply for it.

EU workers rights to be mirrored as a baseline standard.

3. MP Reform / Elections

PM to be directly elected by the public. From the majority party, no longer simply to be the leader of the majority party.1

MPs ousting a sitting PM become ineligible for reelection.

Proportional Representation for general elections.

A “None of the Above” option to be added to ballot papers.

All party names, logos and branding to be removed from ballot papers and polling stations.

Less than 75% voter turn out reduces the parliamentary term to two years.

Voting age reduced to 16 years

Parliamentary term of 4 years. (Unless voter turn out is too low)

Elections to be held on the first Sunday of June.

Referendums regarding Constitutional change can only be won if two thirds of entire electorate vote for the proposition.

Formalised, legally binding, independently set, and judged, code of conduct for MPs (with real consequences for breaking them i.e prison, entire family banned from holding public office). 2

Fixed budget for MPs offices per annum, equal to per pupil funding. No expenses at all.

Parliament/the Crown/the state to purchase offices, with living spaces above in each constituency for the sitting MP. No other accommodation is paid for by the state.

MP starting salary to be the same as the starting salary of a teacher or nurse. (Same performance related criteria used for pay rises)

Pensions and other benefits to be the same as a teacher or nurse.

During periods of parliamentary shutdown (holidays) MPs will be tasked with doing seasonal work, fruit picking, etc. Salaries withheld for non-compliance. (Added to MP code of conduct rules.)

MPs pledge allegiance to: The nation, its people and the rule of Law and not the crown.

The right to national self-determination.

MPs barred from using social media.

MP's with external interests (must be declared, code of conduct) are banned for participating in votes and discussions where that interest is pertinent.

4. House of Lords Reform3

Creation of the title “Lord Senator” for people who will sit as the second chamber.

Limited to 99 people who hold the title for 3 years.

They must have demonstrable expertises in a specific field. (Science, medicine, law, education, commerce, etc.)

They may be reselected to sit for a further 3 years.

They will be nominated by a cross party committee and voted on by 101 (this number could larger if desired) randomly chosen (jury service style) “Citizen Electors”.

Traditional honours will still be awarded but only public nominations for those honours will be considered. Political donors will automatically be exempted from ever receiving an honour (honours will be stripped from political donors).

Titles bestowed will be honorary and receive no state funding or benefits. Titles may not be used as name salutations. These honours will be removed publicly for misconduct.

5. Party Funding

Political donations to be taxed at 60% over £5000

Donations may only come from tax paying, resident British Citizens.

End of Non-Dom status. Holders of UK birth certificate pay UK taxes regardless of where they live.

Publicly searchable database to be created for donors. (Who they are, where they are based, tax status, how much they have donated etc.)

All donations to be collected together and distributed equitably amongst all parties.

All political party’s must have a leader elected directly by its members.

6. Education

All schools become Free Schools. Academies abolished.

Eton to be closed and burnt to the ground.

All schools to have a board of governors made up of staff, parents, local officials, and community people to hold school leadership to account.

LEA to resume it’s old purpose, but without responsibility for standards.

Schools to, once again, receive their budget in one lump sum.

Academy Trust leadership to be disbarred from school leadership/OfSTED and lesser roles in schools will be highly controlled and limited in scope.

OfSTED to be scrapped and remade.

No notice of visit

No fixed length of visit

Old grading to be scrapped and replaced with 5 star ratings for multiple specific areas.

All teachers to be observed for 1 full teaching lesson, but not personally graded or evaluated.

Inspectors must hold the rank of Deputy Head or higher with a minimum 10 years classroom teaching experience.

Teachers will be chosen at random to become inspectors for one school inspection.

OfSTED to publish no documentation/guidance except the inspection report.

Privatised exam boards to be scrapped and replaced by a single national system.

Academic qualifications set by professional academic bodies (universities or Royal institutes)

Vocational qualifications to be set by trade guilds so training and qualifications are relevant to their field.

Students will have a mixed experience of academic/vocational education set to their needs and aspirations.

Students will develop a personal record of achievement. School achievements, exam grades, work experience, outside experiences (scouts/guides, coaching, sport achievements, Music, etc). All has equal weight.

What students do after they have finished compulsory education will be used to help parents' evaluate a school's performance.

Primary schools will focus on Literacy, Numeracy and the joy of learning.

Primary schools to include nature awareness. Plants, animals, trees. Camping trips, rambling, community allotments.

All student's learn a foreign language and offered the chance to participate in a student exchange program.

7. Monarchy4

Monarch would be retained, but stripped of all divinity/superiority.

They will be trained from birth to be head of state.

The extended family will not receive any titles, state funds, assistance or grace and favour lodgings.

The bells and whistles pageantry will be reduced to a basic minimum. Maybe keep some of it for the tourists.

8. Policing

A small national police force to deal with terrorism, organised crime, people smuggling - Pan-national crime.

County Constabularies to focus on local issues. Petty crime, cats up trees.

Police Stations to be closed and replaced with Tardis style community based police boxes.

Police Constables to spend all their time out in the community.

Interviews of suspects to occur with independent public observation.

Detention cells will not be under police control.

De-militarisation of Police uniforms. Return to more traditional uniforms.

No guns, no tasers.

Police to be trained in non lethal de-escalation techniques.

Soldiers serving in the armed forces will be looked after for life. Housing, physical care and mental health, transition from soldier to civilian. Their partners and children under 18 will also be looked after.

Instead of going to war the leaders of each country must fight each other one-on-one. The winner is victorious, no reprisals. Legally binding contract/treaty to be agreed before hand.

Crime and punishment will be separated.

Parliament decides what types of activity are criminal.

Parliament decides what types of "punishment" are available.

Courts decide if the evidence presented proves the accused is guilty of what they have been accused.

Courts decide what sentence is appropriate for that person from the punishments available.

"Punishment" should not be vindictive but to prevent recidivism.

If an activity becomes de-criminalised those already serving a sentence for that crime are immediately released from that sentence.

9. Housing

Buy-to-let mortgages to be abolished. If you can’t afford to own it outright you can’t afford to rent it out.

Rent to be capped at 60% of the equivalent monthly mortgage payments. If the mortgage was £1000 per month the maximum rent you can charge is £600 pounds in total for the property, not per person.

Minimum rental duration to be 5 years. Short term rentals will be called hotels.

Long term rentals (20+years) will be offered the chance to take ownership. Sale price minus the total rent paid.

All homes built will be council owned.

Council houses sold must be returned to council ownership for price paid, not market value, if less than 20 years has passed since sale.

Houses to be sold by the square metre, not by number of bedrooms. To aid comparison.

10. Environment / Economy / Society

Solar panels on the roof of every public building.

Smaller wind turbines added to lamp posts along motorways.

Companies selling products that use excessive/unnecessary plastic packaging taxed more.

More community green spaces in housing areas.

Switch farming from animal to cereal/vegetable.

Phase out large Power Stations, replace with smaller less damaging ones.

Better recycling/reuse for more types of materials.

More clothing reuse/recycling.

Abolish crypto currencies/Bitcoin.

Find a better alternative to petrol and electric cars.

Balance should be created between work and home life.

Plant more fruit trees in public areas.

Transform the economy from growth driven to sustainability. Stop keep making stuff just to sell just to keep profits increasing.

Job security. Happy, nurtured people work better/harder and more productively. Also get ill less.

Allow people space for personal development. Passive skills enrich life and work. Motherhood/maternity (and paternity) leave should not be seen as a hinderance but an asset to a company. The skills developed raising a child are huge.

Life is for people. Take the people out of a business and the business disappears. Get rid of the business and the people are still there.

All life is valid.

The right to personal self-identification. (Yes, you can identify as a panda, if you so wish)

Universal Basic Income £12,000 per year5

Homeless people are to be provide with a proper home to live in, paid work tending outdoor public spaces, community projects or something more suitable is provided (only to provide up-to-date work experience and references).

Big tech companies to be tax properly on revenue raised from UK income.

Social media users get 15% cut of the money made from selling their data.

Small businesses (revenue under £2 million) pay no tax.

Software sold as subscription must also have a one off payment standalone version for sale.

Subscription services must offer a free, entry level tier where no credit card is needed for signup.

Electronic equipment must be 3rd party repairable.

Subscriptions can be terminated by the customer at any time by writing to the company regardless of how close you are to a renewal period. Failure of the company to comply results in all the money you have ever paid them being refunded to you.

Private companies operating public services may continue to do so but will pay the state 60% of all profits for the privilege. No tax payers money will be handed over to them. Debts incurred will be their own.

Banks will never be bailed out. People's savings up to £150,000 guaranteed.

Separate interest rates for borrowing and saving.

Savings interest rates will be tiered:

10% - £1 to £10,000

5% - £10,001 to £50,000

1% - £50,001 to £100,000

0.5% - £100,001 to £500,000

0.01% - £500,001 to £999,999

-10% - £1,000,000 and over

Redundancies start at the top. CEOs/management get cut first. The people who caused the problems should be punished before those who have no power in an organisation.

Fire and rehire abolished.

Terminally ill patients have the right to end their life on their own terms.

Colonial artefacts held in museums to be duplicated and returned to place of origin, if place of origin want them back.6

Complete global nuclear disarmament.

Notes

P.S.

Tumblr and webbrowsers don't always render markdown as expected, sorry. Footnonte links aren't seeming to work.

A list of candidates from each political party (3 per party) will accompany the ballot paper. The voter would choose one person from each political party they would prefer to be Prime Minister in the event that that party won. (Majority vote wins) ↩︎

13 Citizen Electors will be randomly (and secretly) chosen to evaluate if the accusations breach the code. The accused will remain anonymous to the Electors. ↩︎

I like the idea that people who know what they are talking about (experts) can examine the full ramifications of laws and how those laws will impact upon their field without needing to appeal to, or worry about, populism to win an election. ↩︎

The only reason not to go full republic is to stop the likes of Nigel Farridge, Boris Johnson or some other rightwing twonk or Neo Nazi lording it over us. ↩︎

Available to anyone over the age of 21 with at least 5 years National Insurance contributions (voluntary work, work experience, Saturday jobs, and apprenticeships are valid). Available to anyone who applies for it. No other state money will be received - no job seekers, housing benefits, pensions, working tax credits etc. £12,000 per year is all you get. This should make government expenditure simple because all you need to know is the number of people over 21 multiplied by £12,000. ↩︎

Items we would like to keep will either be bought at market value or leased from country of origin. ↩︎

[waaaiz]

Pen Needles Market Research Report

Growth opportunities in the Pen Needles market look promising over the next six years. This is mainly attributed to the growing incidences of chronic diseases and the growing requirement for insulin pens for the diabetes patients. Pen needles are used by the diabetes patients for the injection of insulin or other injectable medication.

Request for a FREE Sample Report on Pen Needles Market

Pen Needles Market Dynamics (including market size, share, trends, forecast, growth, forecast, and industry analysis)

Key Drivers

The major key driver responsible for the growth of the global

pen needles market

share includes the rising prevalence of chronic diseases at the global level. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 642 million people are projected to have diabetes by 2040. Therefore, the growing number of diabetes patients are contributing to the pen needles market growth over the coming years. The pen needles are increasingly used by diabetic patients for the injection of insulin or other injectable medication in the human body. The rising obesity cases is further growing the possibilities of diabetes in people. The pen needles are experiencing an increase in the demand owing to the growing requirement for insulin pens for diabetes patients. In addition to this, the constant technological advancements is further surging the growth of the pen needles market size. The lack of education and training given to patients and caregivers on the proper usage of pen needles followed by the shortage of medical professionals for the treatment of hormonal imbalance and conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and other diseases are hampering the market growth.

Type Segment Drivers

Based on type, the standard one is projected to dominate the market over the forecast period. The rising adoption of this type of pen needle owing to its high adoption in economies such as India, China, and Brazil, as it is cost-effective is a major factor that is surging the market growth.

Regional Drivers

Based on the region, North America is expected to grow at a higher CAGR over the forecast period. This is attributed to the increasing incidences of diabetes in the region. According to the IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition, in 2019, approximately 47.6 million adults in the age group of 20-29 years are suffering from diabetes in the IDF NAC region. The increasing number of patients, and the growing preference for home use applications and safety vaccinations are further driving the market growth.

Pen Needles Market’s leading Manufacturers:

·        BD

·        Novo Nordisk A/S

·        Ypsomed India Private Ltd.

·        Owen Mumford Ltd.

·        HTL-Strefa

·        B. Braun Melsungen AG

·        Terumo Corporation

·        UltiMed, Inc.

·        Allison Medical, Inc.

·        GlucoRx

Pen Needles Market Segmentation:

Segmentation by Type:

·        Standard Pen Needles

·        Safety Pen Needles

Segmentation by Length:

·        4mm

·        5mm

·        6mm

·        8mm

·        10mm

·        12mm

Segmentation by Therapy:

·        Insulin Therapy

·        Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Therapy

·        Growth Hormone Therapy

·        Others

Segmentation by mode of Purchase:

·        Retail

·        Non-Retail

Segmentation by Region:

·        North America

o   United States of America

o   Canada

·        Asia Pacific

o   China

o   Japan

o   India

o   Rest of APAC

·        Europe

o   United Kingdom

o   Germany

o   France

o   Spain

o   Rest of Europe

·        RoW

o   Brazil

o   South Africa

o   Saudi Arabia

o   UAE

o   Rest of the world (remaining countries of the LAMEA region)

About GMI Research

GMI Research is a market research and consulting company that offers business insights and market research reports for large and small & medium enterprises. Our detailed reports help the clients to make strategic business policies and achieve sustainable growth in the particular market domain. The company's large team of seasoned analysts and industry experts with experience from different regions such as Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, among others, provides a one-stop solution for the client. Our market research report has in-depth analysis, which includes refined forecasts, a bird's eye view of the competitive landscape, key factors influencing the market growth, and various other market insights to aid companies in making strategic decisions. Featured in the 'Top 20 Most Promising Market Research Consultants' list of Silicon India Magazine in 2018, we at GMI Research are always looking forward to helping our clients to stay ahead of the curve.

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