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loosesodamarble · 8 months ago

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Hiya Erika! Can I get salt types labelled as 9,15 & 16 pls 🧂

Oooohhhh! You can certainly have my salty takes on these, Laura dearest~!

AND OOOOHHHHHH! 15 is gonna have an interesting answer~!

9) Most disliked character(s)? Why?

The Zogratis family is an easy target for this question so I'm gonna extend my reach just a bit more and say...

Alecdora Sandler.

Genuinely, fuck that guy. I know another character that's pretty easy to hate but let me give my why.

He's a character to made to hate on Yuno and everything he does. I hate Alecdora not because he's hating on Yuno. But because he doesn't seem to have an effect on Yuno. Like, Yuno couldn't give an iota of a shit about Alecdora's opinions and just outdoes him because he just happens to be there (yes I know Alecdora intentionally went after Yuno but the Noelle vs Solid confrontation had much more of my attention). I don't need Yuno to internalize Alecdora's hater comments the way Noelle internalizes her siblings' remarks but can I get SOMETHING out of Yuno for having to deal with Alecdora being on his ass all the time? If Yuno showed more annoyance or even vocalized "I don't give a shit about you, my eyes are on the title of Wizard King," I wouldn't be so irritated with Alecdora. He's bothering me more than the in-universe character he's giving grief!

So glad Alecdora's character was quietly put in a corner because we didn't need him to begin with. We already knew through Klaus that the Golden Dawn loved Captain William. And we knew from just... the whole manga, that nobility looked down on peasants. So Alecdora was redundant on top of being annoying. Which is definitely a losing combo.

So again. Genuinely, fuck that guy.

15) Unpopular opinion about the manga/show?

(deep breath) There should've been more anime filler.

I KNOW I KNOW! CRIMINAL THOUGHT TO HAVE! BUT HEAR ME OUT!

The expansion of some scenes and details would've helped slow the anime when it came to creeping up on manga events. I know that early episodes of the anime dragged things out but they also provided extra scenes for some characters like Magna. His backstory as presented in the manga was as minimal as one could get. But it got a lot more elaboration in the anime.

There are other things too that we could've seen more of in the anime adaptation of Black Clover. I mean, how cool would it have been to get half an episode dedicated to each of the BB groups who set out to find a cure for Asta's broken and cursed arms? Maybe even a full episode for Magna and Luck's adventure? And I mean, Fanzell's backstory from the first light novel got adapted for the anime so...

Look, Tabata is a co-writer of the light novels. Perhaps Onda (the other credited writer) takes the lead but Tabata is likely credited for some kind of input on what the light novels. And the anime creators are aware of the light novels since they adapted the Fanzell story from the first book for the sake of anime viewers' understanding.

In my opinion, it wouldn't be too big of a stretch for the anime writers and directors to have looked to the light novels for series content to adapt into the anime when catching up to the main manga storyline was something they had to worry about.

But the anime is already aired as is. Can't change it now.

So when I say that the anime should've had more filler, what I really mean is that there was a lot of missed opportunities in terms of content that could've been expanded upon or adapted. Anime viewers would get more out of it. The anime would've had less need for the anime filler that we did end up getting. And heck maybe it even would've set a precedent for adapting the light novel content of manga series in addition to the original source material.

16) If you could change anything in the show, what would you change?

For one, our ocs become canon. Yes, I said that last time but it's still a deep, selfish wish of mine.

Another option for change I have is reworking a lot of the fashion choices for the characters...

But for a story change... Yami could've offered the elves a place in the Black Bulls. Which they would've rejected in order to be in Elysia. Cause, hey, Yami recruited a criminal like Gauche. And theft isn't as serious as terrorism but Yami is displaced from his home physically and the elves as displaced from their homes temporally. He could see a bit of himself in them. Again, I'd have the elves turn down the offer but it just means that they have even more reason to be there to help the Heart Kingdom crew. After someone reached out a hand to them, it'd be their turn to reach their hands out.

#questions from the ask box #ask game #soda asides #laura the writing senpai #black clover #let me just throw in another fuck you to alecdora in the tags

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jeannereames · 5 years ago

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Some historians claim that Hephaistion was either 1) Athenian by birth, or 2) Granted Athenian citizenship. Also, due to this, some historians claim he shared correspondence with Demosthenes and/or was influential in Alexander's depiction in Athens through direct input. Do you think there is any truth to these claims?

Do I believe it? As I’m the historian who first advanced that theory, I reckon I do! LOL!

That said, I would now modify what I originally proposed in my dissertation, back in ‘98. In fact, I am working on the finishing touches to an article I hope to submit early this summer, probably to Karanos, titled, “Mapping Identity in Greece and Magna Graecia: The Case of Hephaistion.” [EDIT: Paper has now been published and is available.] It includes a cool digital mapping component that shows where various forms of Hephais- and Haphes-based names appear, and when. I’ve given this paper now in several venues, so while it’s not been published, the work is out there among my colleagues.

I’ve also found a little clue that might mark an origin for the family closer to home. I even included it (slyly) in Dancing with the Lion (Amyntor is stated to have been born in Pydna, note). A curse tablet from Pydna names an “Amyntor.” Given that name’s relative rarity in the north (compared to the Macedonian form: Amyntas), and three other names that appear on the tablet, that might be “our” Amytor. While Pydna’s foundations go back into the early Iron Age (at least) and may have acted as a port for Aigai, the original capital, it did contain a largish Attic/Athenian population. Another possible hometown for Amyntor would have been Amphipolis, an Athenian colony. Both Pydna and Amphipolis are closer to Macedonia than Athens.

In any case, the name “Hephaistion”–spelled THAT way*–is Attic-Ionic in form, not Doric, or Macedonian.

So I would adjust my youthful assertion to say, yes, his family might have been Athenian immigrants escaping the end of the Peloponnesian War (my initial theory), but they could just as well have been from one of the Ionic-Attic Greek cities in the north.

Yet those names–Hephaistion and Amyntor–are not Macedonian. That I still stand by.

So yeah, it was my theory in the first place. *grin*

Edited to add: regarding Demosthenes…that’s actually a bit more complicated. I’ll defer to my article when it comes out.

————————————-

*I emphasize the spelling because there is a Doric form of the name: Haphestion/Haphaistion, the former especially common in Boeotia, but it disappears by the 200s BCE. If Hephaistion had been Macedonian, his name would have take the DORIC form, not the Attic. And as for whether it’s just later writers Atticizing it…they don’t Atticize other Macedonian names, AND the inscription on the dedicatory stele to the “Hero Hephaistion” from Pella, now in the Thessaloniki museum, spells it with the eta and alpha-iota. E.g., the Ionic-Attic form.

I rest my case, your honor.

#Hephaistion #Hephaestion #Hephaistion's name #the importance of epigraphy!#Amyntor #Pydna #ancient Macedonia #when your own theory circles around back to you #asks

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pamphletstoinspire · 6 years ago

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Book Of Genesis - From The Latin Vulgate - Chapter 15

INTRODUCTION.

The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written like one continued word or verse; but the Sept. have preferred to give the titles the most memorable occurrences of each work. On this occasion, the Creation of all things out of nothing, strikes us with peculiar force. We find a refutation of all the heathenish mythology, and of the world’s eternity, which Aristotle endeavoured to establish. We behold the short reign of innocence, and the origin of sin and misery, the dispersion of nations, and the providence of God watching over his chosen people, till the death of Joseph, about the year 2369 (Usher) 2399 (Sal. and Tirin) B.C. 1631. We shall witness the same care in the other Books of Scripture, and adore his wisdom and goodness in preserving to himself faithful witnesses, and a true Holy Catholic Church, in all ages, even when the greatest corruption seemed to overspread the land. H.

—————————-

This Book is so called from its treating of the Generation, that is, of the Creation and the beginning of the world. The Hebrews call it Bereshith, from the word with which it begins. It contains not only the History of the Creation of the World, but also an account of its progress during the space of 2369 years, that is, until the death of Joseph.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock’s notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock’s Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers’ marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as .

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (½) and three-quarters symbol (¾) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber’s copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 15

God promiseth seed to Abram. His faith, sacrifice and vision.

[1] Now when these things were done, the word of the Lord came to Abram by a vision, saying: Fear not, Abram, I am thy protector, and thy reward exceeding great. His itaque transactis, factus est sermo Domini ad Abram per visionem dicens : Noli timere, Abram : ego protector tuus sum, et merces tua magna nimis.

[2] And Abram said: Lord God, what wilt thou give me? I shall go without children: and the son of the steward of my house is this Damascus Eliezer. Dixitque Abram : Domine Deus, quid dabis mihi? ego vadam absque liberis, et filius procuratoris domus meae iste Damascus Eliezer.

[3] And Abram added: But to me thou hast not given seed: and lo my servant, born in my house, shall be my heir. Addiditque Abram : Mihi autem non dedisti semen, et ecce vernaculus meus, haeres meus erit.

[4] And immediately the word of the Lord came to him, saying: He shall not be thy heir: but he that shall come out of thy bowels, him shalt thou have for thy heir. Statimque sermo Domini factus est ad eum, dicens : Non erit hic haeres tuus, sed qui egredietur de utero tuo, ipsum habebis haeredem.

[5] And he brought him forth abroad, and said to him: Look up to heaven and number the stars, if thou canst. And he said to him: So shall thy seed be. Eduxitque eum foras, et ait illi : Suscipe caelum, et numera stellas, si potes. Et dixit ei : Sic erit semen tuum.

[6] Abram believed God, and it was reputed to him unto justice. Credidit Abram Deo, et reputatum est illi ad justitiam.

[7] And he said to him: I am the Lord who brought thee out from Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land, and that thou mightest possess it. Dixitque ad eum : Ego Dominus qui eduxi te de Ur Chaldaeorum ut darem tibi terram istam, et possideres eam.

[8] But he said: Lord God, whereby may I know that I shall possess it? At ille ait : Domine Deus, unde scire possum quod possessurus sim eam?

[9] And the Lord answered, and said: Take me a cow of three years old, and a she goat of three years, and a ram of three years, a turtle also, and a pigeon. Et respondens Dominus : Sume, inquit, mihi vaccam trienem, et capram trimam, et arietem annorum trium, turturem quoque et columbam.

[10] And he took all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid the two pieces of each one against the other; but the birds he divided not. Qui tollens universa haec, divisit ea per medium, et utrasque partes contra se altrinsecus posuit; aves autem non divisit.

[11] And the fowls came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. Descenderuntque volucres super cadavera, et abigebat eas Abram.

[12] And when the sun was setting, a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and a great and darksome horror seized upon him. Cumque sol occumberet, sopor irruit super Abram, et horror magnus et tenebrosus invasit eum.

[13] And it was said unto him: Know thou beforehand that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land not their own, and they shall bring them under bondage, and afflict them four hundred years. Dictumque est ad eum : Scito praenoscens quod peregrinum futurum sit semen tuum in terra non sua, et subjicient eos servituti, et affligent quadringentis annis.

[14] But I will judge the nation which they shall serve, and after this they shall come out with great substance. Verumtamen gentem, cui servituri sunt, ego judicabo : et post haec egredientur cum magna substantia.

[15] And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace, and be buried in a good old age. Tu autem ibis ad patres tuos in pace, sepultus in senectute bona.

[16] But in the fourth generation they shall return hither: for as yet the iniquities of the Amorrhites are not at the full until this present time. Generatione autem quarta revertentur huc : necdum enim completae sunt iniquitates Amorrhaeorum usque ad praesens tempus.

[17] And when the sun was set, there arose a dark mist, and there appeared a smoking furnace and a lamp of fire passing between those divisions. Cum ergo occubuisset sol, facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis transiens inter divisiones illas.

[18] That day God made a covenant with Abram, saying: To thy seed will I give this land, from the river of Egypt even to the great river Euphrates. In illo die pepigit Dominus foedus cum Abram, dicens : Semini tuo dabo terram hanc a fluvio Aegypti usque ad fluvium magnum Euphraten,

[19] The Cineans and Cenezites, the Cedmonites, Cinaeos, et Cenezaeos, Cedmonaeos,

[20] And the Hethites, and the Pherezites, the Raphaim also, et Hethaeos, et Pherezaeos, Raphaim quoque,

[21] And the Amorrhites, and the Chanaanites, and the Gergesites, and the Jebusites. et Amorrhaeos, et Chananaeos, et Gergesaeos, et Jebusaeos.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Fear not. He might naturally be under some apprehensions, lest the four kings should attempt to be revenged upon him. --- Reward, since thou hast so generously despised earthly riches. H. --- Abram was not asleep, but saw a vision of exterior objects. v. 5.

Ver. 2. I shall go. To what purpose should I heap up riches, since I have no son to inherit them? Abram knew that God had promised him a numerous posterity; but he was not apprized how this was to be verified, and whether he was to adopt some other for his son and heir. Therefore, he asks modestly, how he out to understand the promise. --- And the son, &c. Heb. is differently rendered, "and the steward of my house, this Eliezer of Damascus." We know not whether Eliezer or Damascus be the proper name. The Sept. have "the son of Mesech, my handmaid, this Eliezer of Damascus." Most people suppose, that Damascus was the son of Eliezer, the steward. The sentence is left unfinished, and must be supplied from the following verse, shall be my heir. The son of the steward, filius procurationis, may mean the steward himself, as the son of perdition denotes the person lost. C.

Ver. 6. Reputed by God, who cannot judge wrong; so that Abram increased in justice by this act of faith, believing that his wife, now advanced in years, would have a child; from whom others should spring, more numerous than the stars of heaven. H. --- This faith was accompanied and followed by many other acts of virtue. S. Jam. ii. 22. W.

Ver. 8. Whereby, &c. Thus the blessed Virgin asked, how shall this be done? Lu. i. 34. without the smallest degree of unbelief. Abram wished to know, by what signs he should be declared the lawful owner of the land. H.

Ver. 9. Three years, when these animals have obtained a perfect age.

Ver. 12. A deep sleep, or ecstasy, like that of Adam. G. ii. 21, wherein God revealed to him the oppression of his posterity in Egypt, which filled him with such horror (M.) as we experience when something frightful comes upon us suddenly in the dark. This darkness represents the dismal situation of Joseph, confined in a dungeon; and of the Hebrews condemned to hard labour, in making bricks, and obliged to hide their male children, for fear of their being discovered, and slain. Before these unhappy days commenced, the posterity of Abram were exposed to great oppression among the Chanaanites, nor could they in any sense be said to possess the land of promise, for above 400 years after this prophetic sleep. H.

Ver. 13. Strangers, and under bondage, &c. This prediction may be dated from the persecution of Isaac by Ismael, A. 2112, till the Jews left Egypt, 2513. In Exodus xii. and S. Paul, 430 years are mentioned; but they probably began when Abram went first into Egypt, 2084. Nicholas Abram and Tournemine say, the Hebrews remained in Egypt full 430 years. from the captivity of Joseph; and reject the addition of the Sept. which adds, "they and their fathers dwelt in Egypt, and in Chanaan." On these points, we may expect to find chronologists at variance.

Ver. 14. Judge and punish the Egyptians, overwhelming them in the Red sea, &c. H.

Ver. 16. Fourth, &c. after the 400 years are finished; during which period of time, God was pleased to bear with those wicked nations; whose iniquity chiefly consisted in idolatry, oppression of the poor and strangers, forbidden marriages of kindred, and abominable lusts. Levit. xviii. Deut. vi. and xii. M.

Ver. 17. A lamp, or symbol of the Divinity, passing, as Abram also did, between the divided beasts, to ratify the covenant. See Jer. xxxiv. 18.

Ver. 18. Of Egypt, a branch of the Nile, not far from Pelusium. This was to be the southern limit, and the Euphrates the northern; the two other boundaries are given, Num. xxxiv. --- Perhaps Solomon's empire extended so far. At least, the Jews would have enjoyed these territories, if they had been faithful. M.

Ver. 19. Cineans, in Arabia, of which nation was Jethro. They were permitted to dwell in the tribe of Juda, and served the Hebrews. --- Cenezites, who probably inhabited the mountains of Juda. --- Cedmonites, or eastern people, as their name shews. Cadmus was of this nation, of the race of the Heveans, dwelling in the environs of mount Hermon, whence his wife was called Hermione. He was, perhaps, one of those who fled at the approach of Josue; and was said to have sowed dragons' teeth, to people his city of Thebes in Beotia, from an allusion to the name of the Hevites, which signifies serpents. C. --- The eleven nations here mentioned were not all subdued; on account of the sins of the Hebrews. M.

#book of genesis

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jenniferespino · 4 years ago

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Praesent dapibus elementum nunc NRYnMFcs 180 Devotions For When Life Is Hard Encouragemen, nec eleifend magna consequat porta

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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Duis tempus ut sapien condimentum fringilla. Mauris commodo felis nec egestas rutrum. Donec semper convallis libero, mollis malesuada Yq75nDi1J02 Shirt Kings Pioneers Of Hip Hop Fashion Hardback nibh ullamcorper interdum. Nullam eget nisi pharetra, posuere arcu non, aliquet sapien. Curabitur blandit condimentum lacus quis consectetur. In quis hendrerit sem. Donec laoreet velit nisi, id pellentesque sapien lacinia facilisis. Nunc ut scelerisque risus, at sollicitudin leo. Pellentesque nulla massa, ornare nec interdum sed, rutrum vel dui. Integer vestibulum quam in lacus eleifend, in porta nisi sodales. Nullam vehicula rhoncus lorem eu fermentum. Proin ut feugiat ex. Morbi consequat nulla ipsum.

Duis hendrerit, nisl sed imperdiet consectetur, erat velit dignissim lacus, nec pretium enim tellus quis ex.

Integer rhoncus nunc sed turpis tincidunt vulputate DKYnOJ3L Iota Cycle Hardback. Nullam fermentum sapien eu risus sodales maximus. In vel commodo ex. Ut a turpis at risus fringilla tincidunt placerat non orci. Donec viverra, risus sit amet aliquam dapibus, est purus dictum velit, eu scelerisque lectus nibh ac sapien. In sem massa, tincidunt eu lorem eleifend, rhoncus tincidunt augue. Integer porta nunc nec nisi maximus, sed volutpat leo bibendum. Proin suscipit tortor leo, sit amet tempus velit ultrices et. Fusce aliquet mauris nisl, non euismod augue mollis ultrices. Pellentesque eu lectus elit.

I talked to Joe and Alex about WordAi today.

#Praesent #dapibus #elementum #nunc #NRYnMFcs #180 #Devotions #For #When #Life #Is #Hard #Encouragemen #nec #eleifend #magna #consequat #porta

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youralreadyinhell · 6 years ago

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Callaway's new balls center around items for non-visit players—utilizing visit ball

Callaway's lineup of new balls for 2019 are an update that as convincing as visit played golf balls may be, there are much more golfers who aren't visit players and those golfers could very Callaway's new balls center around items for non-visit players—utilizing visit ballwell need an alternate sort of ball.

That is the reason the organization is appearing three new balls gone for players who will never draw nearer to being in a visit occasion than the exhibition ropes. The lineup incorporates the up and coming age of Supersoft, the well known two-piece low-pressure ball; a curiously large ball went for making propelling shots simpler, Supersoft Magna; and the ERC Soft, another sort of ball that Callaway golf ball R&D manager Dave Bartels calls "a separation ball that isn't your traditional separation ball."

ERC Soft

ERC Soft is effectively the most yearning of the new contributions, Bartels stated: "Imagine a scenario in which we could take every one of the advancements we've grown up to this point and consolidate that with what we're as of now dealing with—how unique might we be able to make a ball at this value point.

Chris Otsen

The distinction in the ERC Soft originates from conveying to the separation classification the two-piece center presented a year ago in the organization's visit demonstrated Chrome Soft balls. That center uses graphene, a one-iota thick nanoparticle in the external center layer to build the distinction in pressure between the external center and the internal center to help full shots dispatch higher with less turn. On the ERC Soft, the graphene-mixed double center is bigger, including a bigger inward center.

"That helped us accomplish delicate pressure with low turn without yielding ball speed," Bartels said. "In parallel to that we've been chipping away at another spread material that is somewhat of a half and half between the regular surlyn and our visit premium urethane material. It's sort of a base Surlyn primary formula where we add two special restrictive fixings to that to expand ballspeed and increment sturdiness.

"Those together truly increment the ball speed and enable us to accomplish some dimension of turn around the green that isn't generally found in separation golf balls."

Bartels said the new "crossover spread" is gone for fulfilling the requirements of most golfers, even on shots around the green where normally balls with a urethane spread have a turn advantage.

"This ball will give a specific dimension of turn that fulfills most of golfers out there," he said. "It truly improves around the green than numerous urethane balls available."

Finishing the ERC Soft's highlights is a three-line arrangement realistic that depends on hyperacuity science and how the eyes center around the general position of an item. "It's experimentally demonstrated that it enables your eyes to adjust the item better when you have three lines in parallel with a specific dispersing and a specific shading arrangement that we've put on this golf ball," Bartels said.

Chris Otsen

Supersoft

The most recent age of Callaway's low-pressure two-piece ball was based on the idea of "do no mischief." The prevalent ball's delicate feel has been its reason for living card alongside its low-turn separation, and Bartels said the golf ball R&D group's solitary test was "to make it longer without changing the general playability."

The new Supersoft highlights overhauled hexagonal dimple design for improved low-turn optimal design. The Supersoft's vibe was kept up through another gentler spread that Bartels said "improves turn around the green and makes the general pressure somewhat milder."

Notwithstanding its standard white and yellow contributions, the new Supersoft line additionally will join four new matte completion hues (red, pink, green and orange).

Chris Otsen

Supersoft Magna

Maybe the most intriguing of the three new balls is the new Supersoft Magna, a larger than average golf ball went for regular players searching for a ball that may improve dispatch and strong contact. The curiously large Magna establishment was presented 25 year prior with the possibility of straighter flight and pardoning, and this cycle brings the delicate feel, low-turn, low-pressure advantages of Supersoft with the visual advantages of a bigger ball. The first Magna was 1.72 creeps in measurement, versus most standard golf balls which are 1.68 creeps in width. (There is no standard on the most extreme size of a golf ball; it just can't be littler than 1.68 inches.) The Supersoft Magna is 1.732 creeps in width.

A bigger ball implies the ball's focal point of gravity would be higher than a standard ball, around .026 crawls on account of a Magna. The more the focal point of gravity of the club at effect is underneath the focal point of gravity of the ball, the more reverse-pivot will be decreased. Less reverse-pivot implies a greater amount of the ball's vitality is coordinated toward pushing ahead than turning. In a word, more separation. A lower focus of gravity likewise can enable the ball to dispatch higher. Obviously, it likewise implies there are diverse streamlined difficulties for Callaway's licensed hexagonal-molded dimples as far as size and example, Bartels said.

"Cross-sectional territory being greater it makes more drag so on the specialized side we truly invested some energy building up the HEX streamlined features to truly relieve and decrease however much as could be expected that additional drag," he said.

The Supersoft Magna is intended to be normal golfer, slower-swinger agreeable with its delicate pressure.

"It's based on a similar skeleton as Supersoft, with amazingly low pressure," Bartels said. "The spread is somewhat thicker on Magna to compensate for the additional size and what both of those things do in blend is they help the ball dispatch higher and with low turn."

Bartels said the intrigue is that the larger than usual ball looks practically like it's teed up in the fairway, which moves trust in normal golfers.

"We were seeing the nature of the shot was better," he said. "A few golfers who don't by and large have strong contact are picking up the ball speed and better dispatch conditions by reaching off the focal point of the club face."

#golf ball

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tyedbydede · 8 years ago

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Countdown to graduation... Congratulations to Mentor Emmanuel Talley! He is a Senior/Graduate Student that will be graduating magna cum laude. His professional organizations: -Current President and former Vice President of the Iota Nu Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Incorporated. -Current Brother-At-Large and former Parliamentarian of the Eta Beta Chapter of Phi Sigma Pi Honors Fraternity Incorporated -Current mentor and former mentee in the Blazer Male Excellence Network -Two year Resident Assistant in the New Freshman Residence Hall -Member in the National Society of Collegiate Scholars -Member in the Order of Omega -Member in the Gang Green Organization Awards and special accomplishments: -President's or Dean's List every semester in college -Mr. UAB candidate -Several scholarships from UAB -First person in Iota Nu to win individual awards on the district, regional, and national levels of the fraternity -Founding Parliamentarian of UAB's Phi Sigma Pi Honors Fraternity Plans after graduation: -Finish with his Master's in April 2018 -Pass the CPA exam -Work for a local accounting. We are so proud of you Emmanuel!!!! #UAB #BMEN #UABBMEN #BMENGraduate #BMENSpring17grads #Blackman #success #mentor #leader #IAmExcellence

#bmenspring17grads #mentor #leader #blackman #iamexcellence #success #bmengraduate #bmen #uab #uabbmen

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peopleoftexas · 8 years ago

Text

The Congressional Globe, 1837

Page 2014: We recognized Mexico in 1822. She had no Government until 1824. Spain had possession of the fortress of St. Juan de Ulloa, one of the strongest in the world, and one which military men regard as the key to Mexico, and giving to those in possession of it absolute command of the country. Not only has Mexico no foothold in Texas, but the foot of a hostile Mexican does not pollute her free soil. Can Mexico complain that we do for Texas what we did for her? As to advancing the great cause of human liberty, how wide, how immeasurable, is the difference! The Texians have learned their lessons of liberty where alone they can be well learned, at the fireside. They take with them our liberty, language, and laws; and in my heart I believe the three are inseparable, and that the first cannot be enjoyed without the last. It has been the fashion, sir, to disparage and denounced the people of Texas. I regret that an illustrious man—a man than whom I reverence and respect none living more, for all his great and good qualities—has lent the weight of his great name to that which, if he had not done so, I should pronounce a gross calumny. Is it true that these people left a free Government for a despotism? They left the oppressed, the tribute paying South, for a Government as free as any under the sun, amply and cautiously secreted by chargers. As to the population, I will only say that the delegation which Texas sent here a year ago could have desired a comparison with the representation of the majority of the States on this floor, only on the score of personal vanity. But, sir, look to their career, wise, glorious, and merciful, as it has been. Let any man point his finger to a fault that they have committed; where they have failed to do the right thing in the right place; where they have failed to conquer their enemies in the field, or to spare them when conquered. Is it to such a people that you will refuse sympathies which have been squandered upon the undeserving?

Page clxiv: With these principles for my guide, I propose very briefly to examine the question, whether it is the duty of the United States now to recognize Texas as an independent nation. Before the people of Texas can rightfully invoke the interference of foreign Powers, it must be proved, not only that they are in the enjoyment of all the attributes of a sovereign and independent State, but also that they possess the moral and physical ability to maintain, within their limits, the sovereignty they have asserted. Our information in relation to the condition of Texas is doubtless very deficient, both in its extent and precision.

Page clxv: A fact so extraordinary has not escaped the notice of the Executive, who says, in the message already referred to, that the people of Texas have, since the last session of Congress, “openly resolved, on the acknowledgement by us of their independence, to seek for admission into the Union as one of the Federal States. This last circumstance is one of peculiar delicacy, and forces upon us considerations of the gravest character.”

Page clxx: But, under what additional obligations are we placed, when we take into consideration the many surrounding and peculiar situations in which the case before us presents itself by the juxtaposition of the territory of Texas to that of the United States, by the yearly, monthly, weekly, and daily commercial transactions and intercourse carried on with that people and the people of this Government. Sir, if, under ordinary circumstances, the reason for action on such an occasion is correct, as he thought he had sufficiently shown, what ought to be the action of this ouse in regard to the case of Texas, then? If the interest of our people was alone to be consulted, the action of this body was necessary; it was more; it was demanded, and indispensable to the well-being and harmony of the commercial relations now carried on between the people of this country and Texas. In the great variety of business now transacted between those nations, it is natural to suppose that there has been, or will be, differences of opinion as to the powers and rights of each other, growing out of these various transactions between the two communities. Texas, or the people of Texas, may become the trespassers either on the rights of our people, our commerce, or our soil. Now, sir, for such a grievance, from whom would you seek redress? This is bringing the question home, and within a nutshell, to the plain comprehension of all. Whom would your Government, Mr. Chairman, hold responsible for the outrages committed on the commerce of our people, their rights, and other trespasses on the soil, by the inhabitants of Texas? Would you, sir, pretend to hold Mexico responsible for the acts of Texas now, and attempt to punish her for the depredations that the citizens of Texas might commit on our commerce or territory? Has Mexico any authority in Texas at this time, or has she had any within the last 12 or 14 months? Has she a single officer, fort, army, or soldier, now within the borders of Texas? Has Has she, or can she, by any possibility, exercise any control over the authorities, or the Government, or the people of Texas? Sir, not one particle, not one scintilla or iota of control or authority does Mexico now exercise in any part, near or remote, direct or indirect, within the territorial limits of the Government of Texas. Then, how supremely absurd, how preeminently ridiculous, is it to pretend to hold Mexico responsible and bound for the acts and conduct of the people of that Government.

Page clxxx: Mr. Chairman: I must apologize to the House for requesting their attention for a short space of time, while I attempt to disabuse the people of Texas from the vast contumely and misrepresentation (unintentional, no doubt) which have been thrown upon them by the honorable gentleman from Ohio, [Mr. Mason,] and the honorable gentleman from Massachusetts, [Mr. Hoar.] Sensible as I am that neither of the honorable gentlemen would knowingly, or intentionally, either injure or misrepresent the Government or an individual of Texas, it becomes the more necessary, on my part, to present such a body of facts to Congress as will explain the original cause of the settlement of American citizens in Texas, the inducements and guarantees held out to them, the obligations imposed upon them, and a historical detail of the rise, progress, and operation of those causes of complaint, of oppression, injustice, and despotism, which were practiced by the mother Government, which created late civil wars in Texas, and which finally led to the establishment of the independence of those provinces.

Page clxxxi: But to proceed with the history: Revolution succeeded revolution in the South American provinces and Spanish North America. In May, 1822, General Iturbide, by fraud, force, and the assistance of the Catholic priesthood, (who are in all countries more opposed to republican government and the liberty of man than any other sect,) established an imperial Government, and was chosen Emperor. The example of our Government, which lay contiguous, and the germes of liberty which began to sport from an imperfect knowledge of our institutions, and an intermixture with a few of our men in their armies, in a short time produced another revolution. Turbine was dethroned, a sentence of banishment was passed upon him; he went into exile, returned, was taken captive, and shot. Victoria was elected by the people; a republican constitution was formed, modeled in most of its leading principles in imitation of that of the United States; notwithstanding this, he had to encounter civil wars, conspiracies, treasons, and rebellions, during all his administration. Pedrazza, elected successor to Victoria, was in a short time deposed by Guerrero, who in his turn was deposed to Bustamante, and at length he was deposed and driven into exile by the modern Napoleon of the South, Santa Anna, who had waded through seas of blood, and mountains of carnage, and the perfidy of the priesthood, to empire. He abolished the Congress of the republic by a military decree, organized a tribunal composed of his own creatures in its place, merely to register his despotic decrees. He abolished the local legislatures, established military and arbitrary tribunal in their place, abolished the trial by jury, and settled down in a complete despotism of the worst kind, because it was a military one. To this prostration of the constitution that he had sworn and fought to support, the overthrowing of a government of liberty and laws, the abolishment of the trial by jury, and the establishment of a military despotism, the people of Texas objected. There was much of that Anglo-Saxon blood, descended from that immortal band of Englishmen who took their honor in hone hand and their sword in the other, and obtained magna charta from King John.

Page clxxxii: I have, Mr. Chairman, given a brief history of the rise and progress of the Texas settlement and revolution, and placed the relations in which Texas stood to Mexico in a fair point of view, so that it may be understood by the House. I shall, as briefly as possible, answer some of the objects that have been made by the honorable gentlemen from Ohio and Massachusetts to any immediate action upon this subject. The gentleman from Ohio seems to suppose, first, that the people of Texas should have waited longer, and petitioned the Mexican Government for a redress of grievances; and, secondly, that our Government should give notice to Mexico, before we acknowledge the independence of Texas. I will examine these points in the order they are presented. The Texian Government selected one of her favorite sons, Austin, whose father had obtained large grants in Texas, to go to Mexico, for the express purpose of petitioning for a redress of grievances, and such modifications in the local Government as suited the conditions of the people, and which it would have been honorable to Mexico to grant. But, behold, she placed the agent in irons, kept him near 12 months in confinement, and no person could carry a petition, unless at the risk of his life, or incarceration in a dungeon. An order had already been issued to disarm the people of Texas, preparatory to their overthrow. The approaching crisis was too manifest and plain; and if I had been a Texian, I should not have carried a petition for a redress of grievances, when the certain reward was a pair of handcuffs and the four walls of a prison.

Page clxxxvi: Another objection, and a most singular one, was, that a majority of the people of Texas were originally from the United States; that they were our former neighbors and friends, and some of them our kinsmen. The honorable gentleman from Tennessee, [Mr. Hunstman,] in one of the best speeches he had ever heard upon that floor, had explained fully the manner in which these people had become citizens of Texas. They were invited there by the Mexican Government, at a time when all their rights and privileges were guaranteed by the Mexican constitution, upon nearly the same terms as they were in the United States. They had purchased lands, and made the country their home; and it was only when an attempt had been made to wrest from them their liberties that they took up arms.

Page clxxxvii: The people of Texas, he said, were entitled to a recognition of their independence; and, so far as his vote would go, they should have that recognition promptly and freely given.

Page ccliii: Let me call the attention of the Senate to the origin of the existing state of things in that country. After the downfall of Iturbide, a republican constitution was put in operation in the Mexican confederacy, and Texas, as one of the members of that confederacy, was included under it. A colonization law was passed, which invited persons from all parts of the globe to come and partake of the privileges of citizenship in this new republic, especially the inhabitants of the United States. In the preamble to that law it was given as a reason for passing it, that it was very important to secure the frontiers of Mexico against the irruptions and ravages of the savage tribes in the vicinity. It was, therefore, for the advantage and benefit of Mexico herself that foreigners should enter the territory; and they did so, under the most solemn guarantees of civil and religious liberty. they went there in the faith of these assurances; they conquered the wilderness; and they expelled the Indians, and drove them to a great distance from their settlements. In process of time they became a State, and elected a Legislature. But what was then done by Mexico? By the audacity of a military dictator, the free constitution of that republic was subverted, and the Congress, who represented the people, and sat by their authority, was, by force of arms, turned out of doors. Another Legislature was set up in their place by the dictator, consisting of a single House, and prepared to comply with whatever might be his pleasure. The people of Texas resisted this usurpation; but they were not alone in withstanding it. The banner of freedom was raised at the same time by the people of Zacatecas, who inherited the same noble blood. They were, however, overthrown in the contest, and consequently removed to Texas. After the Congress had been forcibly turned out of doors, a proclamation was issued, ordering the disarming of the population, and requiring an unqualified submission, on their part, to a military despotism. They resisted the enforcement of this order—and never would I have uttered a word in favor of their recognition if they had not. Had they tamely submitted to such an act of oppression, they would have been unworthy of the name of Americans. Had they bowed their necks to the yoke, and submissively yielded up their limbs to the chain, I would never have voted to welcome them among the nations of the free. Suppose the President of these United States should enter the halls of Congress, seize our persons, and drive us from our seats, and occupy them with his creatures; suppose he should then send out a band of mercenaries into Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, should disarm our citizens, and demand of them, with threats, an unqualified submission to his absolute will; I ask whether there lives a man so abject as not to resist? No. I know, all men know, that the people of those States would maintain their freedom, or perish in the struggle. The citizens of Texas have done just what would have been done, in the like case, by citizens of the United States. We did so in circumstances far less intolerable. The colonial oppression of the Government of Great Britain was mild, was paternal, in comparison with the despotism that was sought to be fixed on the necks of the citizens of Texas. Their resistance of it was justified by all laws, human and divine.

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allcheatscodes · 8 years ago

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assassins creed iii pc

http://allcheatscodes.com/assassins-creed-iii-pc/

assassins creed iii pc

Assassin’s Creed 3 cheats & more for PC (PC)

Cheats

Unlockables

Hints

Easter Eggs

Glitches

Guides

Achievements

Get the updated and latest Assassin’s Creed III cheats, unlockables, codes, hints, Easter eggs, glitches, tricks, tips, hacks, downloads, achievements, guides, FAQs, walkthroughs, and more for PC (PC). AllCheatsCodes.com has all the codes you need to win every game you play!

Use the links above or scroll down to see all the PC cheats we have available for Assassin’s Creed III.

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Official Title: Assassin’s Creed III Also Known As: Assassin’s Creed 3

Genre: Shooter, Third-Person 3D Shooter Developer: Ubi Soft Publisher: Ubi Soft ESRB Rating: Mature Release Date: October 30, 2012

Hints

Special Collectible Unlocks: Pivot Points

Infinite Ammo : Collect Pivot – “Epsilon” Killing Spree (Possible to assassinate enemies during open combat) : CollectPivot – “Theta” Made of Steel (Unlimited health) : Collect Pivot – “Iota” Ninja (Guard detection and investigation is turned off) : Collect Pivot -“Lambda” Recruit (Infinite Recruit Tokens) : Collect Pivot – “Omicron” Season Changer (Ability to switch between summer and winter) : Collect Pivot -“Tau” Semi-Automatic (No reload times) : Collect Pivot – “Kappa” Sun and Moon (Ability to set day/night) : Collect Pivot – “Eta” Thunder Kill (Lightning strikes every time you make a kill) : Collect Pivot -“Upsilon” Weather Man (Ability to set the weather) : Collect Pivot – “Sigma”

Cheats

Currently we have no cheats or codes for Assassin’s Creed III yet. If you have any unlockables please feel free to submit. We will include them in the next post update and help the fellow gamers. Remeber to mention game name while submiting new codes.

Unlockables

Unlockable Outfits

Achilles’ Originial Outfit : Complete the Achilles’ Painting mission (Unlockedin Manor) Altair’s Outfit : Complete all main missions with all Optional Objectives(Unlocked in Manor) Baltimore Outfit : Start of Sequence 09 (Unlocked in shops) Boston Outfit : Start of Sequence 06 (Unlocked in shops) Captain Kidd’s Outfit : Complete the Oak Island Naval Location (Unlocked inManor) Charleston Outfit : Start of Sequence 06 (Unlocked in shops) Ezio Outfit : Through Uplay (Unlocked in Manor) Jamestown Outfit : Start of Sequence 06 (Unlocked in shops) Kanienkeha:ka Outfit : Collect all Feathers (Unlocked in Manor) New York Outfit : Start of Sequence 09 (Unlocked in shops) Philidelphia Outfit : Start of Sequence 09 (Unlocked in shops)

Easter eggs

Currently we have no easter eggs for Assassin’s Creed III yet. If you have any unlockables please feel free to submit. We will include them in the next post update and help the fellow gamers. Remeber to mention game name while submiting new codes.

Glitches

Currently we have no glitches for Assassin’s Creed III yet. If you have any unlockables please feel free to submit. We will include them in the next post update and help the fellow gamers. Remeber to mention game name while submiting new codes.

Guides

Currently no guide available.

Achievements

DLC Achievements: The Redemption

Aftershock : Kill 125 enemies using Bear Might. : 15 First in the Hearts : Defeat George Washington : 30 If I Can Make It There : Reach 100% synchronization in New York. : 40

DLC Achievements: The Betrayal

Blindsided : Defeat Putnam. : 20 Frequent Flyer : Use Eagle Flight to travel 1 km. : 15 The New Tea Party : Reach 100% synchronization in Boston. : 40

DLC Achievements: Tyranny Of King Washington – The Infamy

Receive an unexpected gift. : Uniquely Familiar (15) Kill 25 enemies while staying cloaked. : A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing (15) Reach 100% synchronization in the Frontier. : Frontiersman (40) Defeat Benedict Arnold. : West Point Payback (20)

Achievement List

A Complete Set (20) – See all the optional characters settled at the Homestead.

Abstergo Entertainment (10) – Reach level 20 in the multiplayer mode.

All Washed Up (40) – Complete all Naval Missions aboard the Aquila.

An Extraordinary Man (10) – Complete the Encyclopedia of the Common Man.

Blowing in the Wind (20) – Retrieve every page for one of Ben Franklin’s Almanacs.

Bring Down the House (20) – Explore Fort Wolcott.

By Invitation Only (20) – Be invited to join a Club.

Caged Wolf (20) – Complete Sequence 8.

Circus Act (10) – Kill 15 guards with a single cannon shot.

Completionist (50) – Complete ALL progress tracker grid entries.

Coureur des Bois (10) – Exchange undamaged pelts at all different general stores.

Criss Cross (20) – Complete Present – Skyscraper.

Daddy Dearest (20) – Complete Present – Stadium.

Difficult End (20) – Complete Sequence 11.

Entrepreneur, not Pirate! (20) – Complete all 12 Privateer Contracts.

Eye Witness (10) – Witness a predator killing an enemy.

Fin (30) – Complete each of the epilogue missions unlocked after the credits roll.

Grim Expectations (20) – Complete Sequence 10.

Head in the Cloud (20) – Find all pivots and sync the Animus to the Cloud.

Heroes are Born (20) – Complete Sequence 4.

House Party (10) – Recruit any of the Artisans and see them settled on the Homestead.

How D’ya Like Them Apples (20) – Complete Sequence 3.

Hunter/Killer (20) – Reach sequence 10 in a map on Wolfpack multiplayer mode.

In Good Standing (30) – Complete all challenges for any of the Clubs.

Jager Bomb (20) – After becoming fully Notorious, kill 10 Jagers before losing your notoriety.

Kidd Gloves (30) – Uncover the mystery of Oak Island.

Magna cum Laude (20) – Have a Trainee reach the Assassin Rank.

Man of the People (20) – Liberate all districts in Boston OR New York.

Monopoly Man (10) – Send a convoy to Boston, New York and the Frontier.

Multitasking (20) – Complete 50% of the Progress Tracker entries.

Mystery Guest (20) – Complete Sequence 1 & 2.

No Good Deed Goes Unpunished (20) – Open the Temple Door and learn Desmond’s fate.

Original Gamer (20) – Win a game of Fanorona, Morris and Bowls on the Homestead.

Patent Not Pending (10) – Craft one of Franklin’s inventions to decorate your Manor.

Perfectionist (50) – Complete 100% of all main mission constraints.

Personalized (10) – Customize your multiplayer Profile and Character.

Predator (10) – Hang 5 enemies by using rope darts.

Prince of Thieves (10) – Loot a convoy without killing any of its guards.

Rude Awakening (10) – Re-Enter the Animus.

Spit Roast (20) – Perform a double assassination using a musket.

Tea is for Englishmen (20) – Complete Sequence 6.

The Day the Templars Cried (20) – Complete Sequence 5.

The End is Nigh (20) – Complete Present – Abstergo.

The Sum of Truth (50) – Complete Sequence 12.

The Truth Will Out (20) – Unlock a hacked version of one of the Abstergo videos in the story quest.

The Whites of Their Eyes (20) – Complete Sequence 7.

Tumblehome (10) – Upgrade the Aquila.

Two if by Sea (20) – Complete Sequence 9.

Whit’s fur ye’ll no go by ye! (10) – Block a firing line 5 times by using a human shield.

Winning Team (20) – Be on the winning team at the end of a multiplayer game session.

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pamphletstoinspire · 6 years ago

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Book Of Genesis - From The Latin Vulgate - Chapter 10

INTRODUCTION.

The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written like one continued word or verse; but the Sept. have preferred to give the titles the most memorable occurrences of each work. On this occasion, the Creation of all things out of nothing, strikes us with peculiar force. We find a refutation of all the heathenish mythology, and of the world's eternity, which Aristotle endeavoured to establish. We behold the short reign of innocence, and the origin of sin and misery, the dispersion of nations, and the providence of God watching over his chosen people, till the death of Joseph, about the year 2369 (Usher) 2399 (Sal. and Tirin) B.C. 1631. We shall witness the same care in the other Books of Scripture, and adore his wisdom and goodness in preserving to himself faithful witnesses, and a true Holy Catholic Church, in all ages, even when the greatest corruption seemed to overspread the land. H.

------------------------------------

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as .

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 10

The genealogy of the children of Noe, by whom the world was peopled after the flood.

[1] These are the generations of the sons of Noe: Sem, Cham, and Japheth: and unto them sons were born after the flood. Hae sunt generationes filiorum Noe, Sem, Cham et Japheth : natique sunt eis filii post diluvium.

[2] The sons of Japheth: Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Thubal, and Mosoch, and Thiras. Filii Japheth : Gomer, et Magog, et Madai, et Javan, et Thubal, et Mosoch, et Thiras.

[3] And the sons of Gomer: Ascenez and Riphath and Thogorma. Porro filii Gomer : Ascenez et Riphath et Thogorma.

[4] And the sons of Javan: Elisa and Tharsis, Cetthim and Dodanim. Filii autem Javan : Elisa et Tharsis, Cetthim et Dodanim.

[5] By these were divided the islands of the Gentiles in their lands, every one according to his tongue and their families in their nations. Ab his divisae sunt insulae gentium in regionibus suis, unusquisque secundum linguam suam et familias suas in nationibus suis.

[6] And the sons of Cham: Chus, and Mesram, and Phuth, and Chanaan. Filii autem Cham : Chus, et Mesraim, et Phuth, et Chanaan.

[7] And the sons of Chus: Saba, and Hevila, and Sabatha, and Regma, and Sabatacha. The sons of Regma: Saba and Dadan. Filii Chus : Saba, et Hevila, et Sabatha, et Regma, et Sabatacha. Filii Regma : Saba et Dadan.

[8] Now Chus begot Nemrod: he began to be mighty on the earth. Porro Chus genuit Nemrod : ipse coepit esse potens in terra,

[9] And he was a stout hunter before the Lord. Hence came a proverb: Even as Nemrod the stout hunter before the Lord. et erat robustus venator coram Domino. Ob hoc exivit proverbium : Quasi Nemrod robustus venator coram Domino.

[10] And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, and Arach, and Achad, and Chalanne in the land of Sennaar. Fuit autem principium regni ejus Babylon, et Arach et Achad, et Chalanne, in terra Sennaar.

[11] Out of that land came forth Assur, and built Ninive, and the streets of the city, and Chale. De terra illa egressus est Assur, et aedificavit Niniven, et plateas civitatis, et Chale.

[12] Resen also between Ninive and Chale: this is the great city. Resen quoque inter Niniven et Chale : haec est civitas magna.

[13] And Mesraim begot Ludim, and Anamim, and Laabim, Nepthuim, At vero Mesraim genuit Ludim, et Anamim et Laabim, Nephthuim,

[14] And Phetrusim, and Chasluim; of whom came forth the Philistines, and the Capthorim. et Phetrusim, et Chasluim : de quibus egressi sunt Philisthiim et Caphtorim.

[15] And Chanaan begot Sidon, his firstborn, the Hethite, Chanaan autem genuit Sidonem primogenitum suum. Hethaeum,

[16] And the Jebusite, and the Amorrhite, and the Gergesite, et Jebusaeum, et Amorrhaeum, Gergesaeum,

[17] The Hevite and the Aracite: the Sinite, Hevaeum, et Aracaeum : Sinaeum,

[18] And the Aradian, the Samarite, and the Hamathite: and afterwards the families of the Chanaanites were spread abroad. et Aradium, Samaraeum, et Amathaeum : et post haec disseminati sunt populi Chananaeorum.

[19] And the limits of Chanaan were from Sidon as one comes to Gerara even to Gaza, until thou enter Sodom and Gomorrha, and Adama, and Seboim even to Lesa. Factique sunt termini Chanaan venientibus a Sidone Geraram usque Gazam, donec ingrediaris Sodomam et Gomorrham, et Adamam, et Seboim usque Lesa.

[20] These are the children of Cham in their kindreds, and tongues, and generations, and lands, and nations. Hi sunt filii Cham in cognationibus, et linguis, et generationibus, terrisque et gentibus suis.

[21] Of Sem also, the father of all the children of Heber, the elder brother of Japheth, sons were born. De Sem quoque nati sunt, patre omnium filiorum Heber, fratre Japheth majore.

[22] The sons of Sem: Elam and Assur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. Filii Sem : Aelam, et Assur, et Arphaxad, et Lud, et Aram.

[23] The sons of Aram: Us and Hull, and Gether, and Mess. Filii Aram : Us, et Hul, et Gether, et Mes.

[24] But Arphaxad begot Sale, of whom was born Heber. At vero Arphaxad genuit Sale, de quo ortus est Heber.

[25] And to Heber were born two sons: the name of the one was Phaleg, because in his days the earth was divided: and his brother's name Jectan. Natique sunt Heber filii duo : nomen uni Phaleg, eo quod in diebus ejus divisa sit terra : et nomen fratris ejus Jectan.

[26] Which Jectan begot Elmodad, and Saleph, and Asarmoth, Jare, Qui Jectan genuit Elmodad, et Saleph, et Asarmoth, Jare,

[27] And Aduram, and Uzal, and Decla, et Aduram, et Uzal, et Decla,

[28] And Ebal, and Abimael, Saba, et Ebal, et Abimael, Saba,

[29] And Ophir, and Hevila, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Jectan. et Ophir, et Hevila, et Jobab : omnes isti, filii Jectan.

[30] And their dwelling was from Messa as we go on as far as Sephar, a mountain in the east. Et facta est habitatio eorum de Messa pergentibus usque Sephar montem orientalem.

[31] These are the children of Sem according to their kindreds and tongues, and countries in their nations. Isti filii Sem secundum cognationes, et linguas, et regiones in gentibus suis.

[32] These are the families of Noe, according to their peoples and nations. By these were the nations divided on the earth after the flood. Hae familiae Noe juxta populos et nationes suas. Ab his divisae sunt gentes in terra post diluvium.

Commentary:

Ver. 2. Japheth. From his being placed first, some conclude that he was the eldest; and perhaps the famed Japetus of the Greeks is the same person. D. --- Sem comes last, though elder than Cham, that the history of the true Church may be more connected. Though it would be a work of great labour to discover what nations sprung from the people here mentioned, yet some are sufficiently obvious; and the learned Bochart has given very plausible applications of the different names to the respective nations, in his Phaleg. or sacred Geography. Gomer is supposed to be the father of the Cimbri in Germany, from whom the French and English also probably sprung. H. --- Magog, father of the Scythians, &c. Ezec. xxvi. Madai of the Medes, Javan of the Ionians in Greece, Thubal of the Iberians and Spaniards, Mosoch of the Muscovites, Thiras of the Thracians.

Ver. 3. Ascenez father of the Germans, Thogorma father of the Turks. M.

Ver. 5. The islands. So the Hebrews called all the remote countries, to which they went by ships to Judea, as Greece, Italy, Spain, &c. (Ch.) whether they were surrounded with water or not. Jer. xxv. 22. M.

Ver. 9. A stout hunter. Not of beasts, but of men; whom by violence and tyranny he brought under his dominion. And such he was, not only in the opinion of men, but before the Lord; that is, in his sight who cannot be deceived. Ch. --- The Sept. call him a giant; that is, a violent man. According to Josephus, he stirred up men to rebel against the Lord, maintaining that all their happiness must come from themselves, &c. Ant. i. 4. Thus he broached the first heresy after the deluge. W. --- He seems to have been the same as Bel, father of Ninus, and the author of idolatry. M.

Ver. 11. That land, of Sennaar, near the city of Babylon. Assur, or Ninus, who founded the Assyrian empire. M. --- But many understand this of Nemrod, who, in his progress from Babylonia to conquer the world, and oppress the rest of his brethren, came forth into Assyria, as if it were written Assurah; the He signifying motion towards, being often omitted in names of places. See 2 Kings, vi. 10. Bochart. There he built Ninive, on the Tigris. But the exact situation of this vast city is not even known. C. --- And the streets, &c. which were amazingly extensive. Jonas iii. 3. It may also signify the city Rohoboth. Pagnin. --- Chale perhaps of Halah. 4 Kings xvii. 6. on the banks, or near the source of the river Chaboras.

Ver. 12. Resen, perhaps Larissa, here written without the La; as 1 Par. v. 26. Hala has the preposition, and is written Lahela. Bochart. --- This, &c. It is doubtful which of these three cities is meant: but as we know that Ninive was remarkable for size and magnificence, we may suppose this is designated. C. M.

Ver. 19. To Lesa, or Laisa, to the north, on the Jordan, as Sodom was on the southern extremity of that river. Sidon and Gaza were on the Mediterranean sea, north and south; so that these four cities are like four points, determining the extent of the promised land, which, as it was important for the Israelites to know, Moses descends to these particulars in speaking of the Chanaanites.

Ver. 21. Of Heber. That is, of the nations beyond the Euphrates. Hebrews, &c. C. --- The elder brother, fratre Japheth majore, may be rendered as well "Japheth being his elder brother," which, as we have already observed, was probably the case. By mentioning him alone, we may gather that Sem was elder than Cham, who is called the less or younger son. H. --- The Hebrew may be translated either way. But the Chald. Liran. and many excellent interpreters, make Jepheth the eldest. C.

Ver. 24. Begot Sale; either his son, or his grandson, by Cainan. See Luke iii. 36. where we shall examine this question; also C. xi. 12. The copies of the Sept. now extant, all assert that Cainan was the son of Arphaxad, in all the places where they are mentioned, both in Gen. and Chronicles; and though some endeavour to prove that this is an interpolation, inserted by a later hand, it is certain it was found in the Sept. in the days of S. Luke, who confirms it by his authority, as all the copies both Greek and Latin, except a very faulty one which belonged to Beza, and is now at Cambridge, testify. Beza was so bold as to expunge the name. But before we allow of this freedom, we must be informed how S. Luke could adopt such an error, being, as he was, under the guidance of the Holy Ghost! See Salien, &c. H. --- Mariana asserts, that the Hebrew copies have been vitiated.

Ver. 29. Sons of Jectan; though not perhaps all born before the dispersion of nations, which may be said of some others, whom Moses here mentions, that he may not have to interrupt his narration. C.

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Book Of Genesis - From The Latin Vulgate - Chapter 7

INTRODUCTION.

The Hebrews now entitle all the Five Books of Moses, from the initial words, which originally were written like one continued word or verse; but the Sept. have preferred to give the titles the most memorable occurrences of each work. On this occasion, the Creation of all things out of nothing, strikes us with peculiar force. We find a refutation of all the heathenish mythology, and of the world's eternity, which Aristotle endeavoured to establish. We behold the short reign of innocence, and the origin of sin and misery, the dispersion of nations, and the providence of God watching over his chosen people, till the death of Joseph, about the year 2369 (Usher) 2399 (Sal. and Tirin) B.C. 1631. We shall witness the same care in the other Books of Scripture, and adore his wisdom and goodness in preserving to himself faithful witnesses, and a true Holy Catholic Church, in all ages, even when the greatest corruption seemed to overspread the land. H.

---------------------------------------

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 7

Noe with his family go into the ark. The deluge overflows the earth.

[1] And the Lord said to him: Go in thou and all thy house into the ark: for thee I have seen just before me in this generation. Dixitque Dominus ad eum : Ingredere tu et omnis domus tua in arcam : te enim vidi justum coram me in generatione hac.

[2] Of all clean beasts take seven and seven, the male and the female. Ex omnibus animantibus mundis tolle septena et septena, masculum et feminam : de animantibus vero immundis duo et duo, masculum et feminam.

[3] But of the beasts that are unclean two and two, the male and the female. Of the fowls also of the air seven and seven, the male and the female: that seed may be saved upon the face of the whole earth. Sed et de volatilibus caeli septena et septena, masculum et feminam : ut salvetur semen super faciem universae terrae.

[4] For yet a while, and after seven days, I will rain upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and I will destroy every substance that I have made, from the face of the earth. Adhuc enim, et post dies septem ego pluam super terram quadraginta diebus et quadraginta noctibus : et delebo omnem substantiam, quam feci, de superficie terrae.

[5] And Noe did all things which the Lord had commanded him. Fecit ergo Noe omnia quae mandaverat ei Dominus.

[6] And he was six hundred years old, when the waters of the flood overflowed the earth. Eratque sexcentorum annorum quando diluvii aquae inundaverunt super terram.

[7] And Noe went in and his sons, his wife and the wives of his sons with him into the ark, because of the waters of the flood. Et ingressus est Noe et filii ejus, uxor ejus et uxores filiorum ejus cum eo in arcam propter aquas diluvii.

[8] And of beasts clean and unclean, and of fowls, and of every thing that moveth upon the earth, De animantibus quoque mundis et immundis, et de volucribus, et ex omni quod movetur super terram,

[9] Two and two went in to Noe into the ark, male and female, as the Lord had commanded Noe. duo et duo ingressa sunt ad Noe in arcam, masculus et femina, sicut praeceperat Dominus Noe.

[10] And after the seven days were passed, the waters of the flood overflowed the earth. Cumque transissent septem dies, aquae diluvii inundaverunt super terram.

[11] In the six hundredth year of the life of Noe, in the second month, in the seventeenth day of the month, all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the flood gates of heaven were opened: Anno sexcentesimo vitae Noe, mense secundo, septimodecimo die mensis, rupti sunt omnes fontes abyssi magnae, et cataractae caeli apertae sunt :

[12] And the rain fell upon the earth forty days and forty nights. et facta est pluvia super terram quadraginta diebus et quadraginta noctibus.

[13] In the selfsame day Noe, and Sem, and Cham, and Japheth his sons: his wife, and the three wives of his sons with them, went into the ark: In articulo diei illius ingressus est Noe, et Sem, et Cham, et Japheth filii ejus; uxor illius, et tres uxores filiorum ejus cum eis in arcam :

[14] They and every beast according to its kind, and all the cattle in their kind, and every thing that moveth upon the earth according to its kind, and every fowl according to its kind, all birds, and all that fly, ipsi et omne animal secundum genus suum, universaque jumenta in genere suo, et omne quod movetur super terram in genere suo, cunctumque volatile secundum genus suum, universae aves, omnesque volucres,

[15] Went in to Noe into the ark, two and two of all flesh, wherein was the breath of life. ingressae sunt ad Noe in arcam, bina et bina ex omni carne, in qua erat spiritus vitae.

[16] And they that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as God had commanded him: and the Lord shut him in on the outside. Et quae ingressa sunt, masculus et femina ex omni carne introierunt, sicut praeceperat ei Deus : et inclusit eum Dominus deforis.

[17] And the flood was forty days upon the earth, and the waters increased, and lifted up the ark on high from the earth. Factumque est diluvium quadraginta diebus super terram : et multiplicatae sunt aquae, et elevaverunt arcam in sublime a terra.

[18] For they overflowed exceedingly: and filled all on the face of the earth: and the ark was carried upon the waters. Vehementer enim inundaverunt, et omnia repleverunt in superficie terrae : porro arca ferebatur super aquas.

[19] And the waters prevailed beyond measure upon the earth: and all the high mountains under the whole heaven were covered. Et aquae praevaluerunt nimis super terram : opertique sunt omnes montes excelsi sub universo caelo.

[20] The water was fifteen cubits higher than the mountains which it covered. Quindecim cubitis altior fuit aqua super montes, quos operuerat.

[21] And all flesh was destroyed that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beasts, and of all creeping things that creep upon the earth: and all men. Consumptaque est omnis caro quae movebatur super terram, volucrum, animantium, bestiarum, omniumque reptilium, quae reptant super terram : universi homines,

[22] And all things wherein there is the breath of life on the earth, died. et cuncta, in quibus spiraculum vitae est in terra, mortua sunt.

[23] And he destroyed all the substance that was upon the earth, from man even to beast, and the creeping things and fowls of the air: and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noe only remained, and they that were with him in the ark. Et delevit omnem substantiam quae erat super terram, ab homine usque ad pecus, tam reptile quam volucres caeli : et deleta sunt de terra. Remansit autem solus Noe, et qui cum eo erant in arca.

[24] And the waters prevailed upon the earth a hundred and fifty days. Obtinueruntque aquae terram centum quinquaginta diebus.

Commentary:

Ver. 2. Of all clean. The distinction of clean and unclean beasts, appears to have been made before the law of Moses, which was not promulgated till the year of the world 2514. Ch. --- Clean: not according to the law of Moses, which was not yet given, but such as tradition had described---fit for sacrifice; (M.) though they might be of the same species as were deemed clean in the law, which ratified the ancient institution. --- And seven: (Heb.) simply seven, three couple and an odd female, for sacrifice after the deluge: one couple was to breed, the other two perhaps for food. H. --- Some imagine, that there were fourteen unclean and four clean animals, of every species, in the ark, because the Sam., Sept., and Vulg. read, "seven and seven." Origen, &c. --- But our Saviour, sending the Disciples to preach two and two, did not appoint a company of four to go together, but only of two, as is generally allowed. Mark vi. 7. C.

Ver. 11. Seventeenth day. On the tenth, God had given the last warning to the wretched and obstinate sinners, to whom Noe had been preaching, both by word and by building the ark, for 120 years; all in vain. This second month is, by some, supposed to be the month of May; by others, that of November. Usher makes Noe enter the ark on the 18th Dec. 1656. The waters decreased May 17, mountains appear July 31, he sends out the raven Sept. 8, and leaves the ark Dec. 29, after having remained in it a year and ten days, according to the antediluvian computation, or a full year of 365 days. The systems of those pretended philosophers, who would represent this flood as only partial, affecting the countries which were then inhabited, are all refuted by the plain narration of Moses. What part of the world could have been secure, when the waters prevailed fifteen cubits above the highest mountains? To give a natural cause only for this miraculous effect, would be nugatory: but as waters covered the earth at first, so they surely might again, by the power of God. H. --- Fountains and flood-gates. These are the two natural causes which Moses assigns for the deluge, the waters below, and those above in the sky or firmament. Heaven is said to be shut when it does not rain, (Luc. iv. 25.) so it is here opened, and flood-gates, or torrents of rain, pour down incessantly. But God attributes not the deluge to these causes alone; he sufficiently intimates that it would be miraculous, (v. 4. I will rain,) and still more emphatically, (C. vi. 17.) Behold I. Heb. "I, even I myself, do bring on a flood of waters." The idea which Moses give of the flood, corresponds with that which he before gave of chaos, when earth and water were undistinguished in one confusing mass. c. i. 6. The Hebrews look upon it as a continual miracle, that the earth is not always deluged, being founded, as they represent it, on the waters. Jer. v. 22. Calmet and others have proved, both from Scripture and from philosophical arguments, the universality of the deluge, against Isaac Vossius, &c. H.

Ver. 16. The Lord shut him in, by an angel besmearing the door with pitch, to prevent the waters from penetrating, while Noe did the like in the inside. C. --- Thus God supplies our wants when we are not able to provide for ourselves, and though he could do all by himself, yet he requires us to co-operate with him, and often makes use of secondary causes. W.

Ver. 24. Days: counting from the end of the forty days, when the deluge was at its height. C. --- In all the histories of past ages, there is nothing so terrible as this event. What became of all those myriads of human beings who perished on this occasion? We know not. Some have charitably supposed, that, although the far greater part perished everlastingly, a few who had been incredulous while Noe preached, opened their eyes at last, when it was too late to save their bodies, and by sincere repentance rescued their souls from the flames, and were consigned to do penance, for a time, in the other world. These heard the preaching of J. C., or believed in his redemption, while they were yet living, and so deserved to partake of his mercies, and joyfully beheld his sacred person when he came to visit them in their prison of purgatory. 1 Pet. iii. 19. He came and preached to those spirits that were in prison: which had been sometime incredulous, when they waited for the patience of God in the days of Noe, when the ark was a building: wherein a few, that is eight souls, were saved from drowning by water. Whereunto baptism, being of the like form, now saves you also, &c. See F. S. Bellarmine, &c. In these last words of S. Peter, we may also notice, that the ark was a figure of baptism, which is so necessary, that without its reception, or desire of it at least, no man can be saved. It is also a figure of the cross, and of the one true Church, as the Fathers remark, with S. Aug. de C. D. xv. i. M. &c. S. Greg. hom. 12 in Ezech. &c. --- This is so striking that it deserves to be seriously considered. It was only one, though God could have ordered many smaller vessels to be made ready, perhaps with less inconvenience to Noe, that we might reflect, out of the Church the obstinate will surely perish. S. Jer. ep. ad Dam.: In this ark all that were truly holy, and some imperfect, like Cham, were contained, clean beasts and unclean dwelt together, that we need not wonder if some Catholics be a disgrace to their name. The ark had different partitions, to remind us of the various orders of Clergy and Laity in the Church, with one chief governor, the Pope, like Noe in the ark. It was strong, visible, &c. and pitched all over with the durable cement, bitumen, and riding triumphant amid the storms, the envy of all who were out of it, till at last it settled upon a rock. So the Church is built on a rock, against which the gates of hell shall not prevail: she is not less obvious to the sincere seeker, than a city built on the top of the highest mountain, &c. We might here take a retrospective view of the chief occurrences and personages of the former world; we should observe the same order of the things from the beginning,---the conflict of virtue and vice, the preservation of the true faith and worship of God among a few chosen souls, who preferred to be persecuted by worldlings, rather than to offend God. They contended earnestly for the fiath once delivered to the Saints, to Adam and Eve, once innocent, and afterwards penitent. We behold original sin, and the promised remedy for mankind; while the rebel angels are abandoned, without redress. There was kept up a communion of saints: sacrifice to the one God was performed generally by the heads of families, who were priests in the law of nature. Even Cain, though a bad man, through hypocrisy, chose to offer sacrifice before he had quite broken off from the society of the faithful, and resolved to become the father of all excommunicated persons, and of all seceders. C. iv. 16. He was admonished by God that he had free will, and might merit a reward by a different conduct. His sentence, as well as that pronounced upon Adam, and upon all mankind, before the flood, reminds us of the particular and general judgment; as the translation of Henoch sets before us the happy state of the blessed, and the immortality, of which it was an earnest. See Douay Bible, where the chief mysteries of faith are pointed out as the creed of the Antediluvians. Even the B. Trinity was insinuated, or shewn to them, at a distance, in various texts: the unity and indissolubility of marriage were clearly expressed; the true Church continued in Noe, while the chain of schismatics and heretics was broken, and Cain's progeny destroyed. In this period of time, we may discover what the ancients so often describe respecting the four ages: --- the golden age is most perfectly found in Paradise; but only for a few days, or perhaps only a few hours, during which our first parents preserved their innocence. The silver age may have lasted rather longer, till the murder of Abel, or 128 years, when Cain began to disturb the peace of the world. From that time, till the giants make their appearance, we may reckon the age of brass. But that of iron had continued for may years before the flood. The like deterioration of morals we may discover after the deluge, and again after the renovation of the world, by the preaching of the gospel. For some time after these two great events, things bore a pleasing aspect; Noe was busy in offering sacrifice to God, Christians wee all one heart and one soul, enjoying all things in common, and God gave a blessing to the earth, and confirmed his covenant with men. Then Cham, Nemrod, and Babel appear, heresies in the new law break forth, and disturb the lovely harmony of mankind: but still a sufficient number preserve their integrity, till about the days of Abraham and Arius, in their respective periods, and may be said to have lived in the silver age, when compared with the brazen insolence of the great majority of those who came after. The iron age of these two periods, may be dated from the persecution of Epiphanes against the Jews, when so may apostatized from the faith, and from that much more terrible persecution which will be raised against Christians by Antichrist, the man of sin, (of which the former was a type) when the charity of many shall grow cold, and Christ will hardly find faith upon the earth. To that age may just be applied, those strong expressions of disapprobation which God made use of before the flood. G. vi. 3. 6. 12. He will punish the crimes of that age with a deluge of fire, and say, The end of all flesh is come before me, &c. v. 13. Time shall be no longer. Apoc. x. 6. H.

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THE BOOK OF JUDITH* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 5

INTRODUCTION.

The sacred writer of this Book is generally believed to be the high priest Eliachim, (called also Joachim.) The transactions herein related, most probably happened in his days, and in the reign of Manasses, after his repentance and return from captivity. It takes its name from that illustrious woman, by whose virtue and fortitude, armed with prayer, the children of Israel were preserved from the destruction threatened them by Holofernes and his great army. It finishes with her canticle of thanksgiving to God. Ch. --- He was a chief officer at court, under Ezechias, (4 K. xviii. 18. H.) before he was high priest, assuming his father Helchias's name. Many suppose that he was the author of this Book, as Josephus informs us that the priests recorded the most remarkable transactions. But this would prove that they wrote all the histories of the Bible. S. Jerom (in Agg. i. 6.) seems to believe that Judith left these memoirs. Yet we have no certain proof of the author. Josephus passes over this history, as he professed to exhibit only the Heb. books. Ant. x. 11. Prol. &c. S. Jerom doubts not but this was written in Chaldee, from which language he translated it; unless he caused it to be first explained to him in Heb. as he did the Book of Tobias. C. --- He might, however, have attained sufficient knowledge of the former language, which is so like the Hebrew, before he undertook this work. H. --- He professes to give "the sense," rather than a verbal translation. The Greek must have been taken from another copy, and is followed by the Syriac, in which we find some passages more exact than in the present Greek copies. The original is entirely lost. It might have removed many difficulties. Those however which are started by our adversaries, are not unanswerable. Grotius would suppose that this work is only a parable, representing the state of the Jewish church under the persecution of Epiphanes. But this singular notion has no foundation; and if it had, the authenticity of the Book would not be endangered, as the parable both of the Old and New Testament are certainly true, and written by inspiration. C. --- Luther styles it a poetical comedy; (Pref. et Sympos. 29.) but both Jews and Christians have esteemed it as a true history: (W.) and this innovator (H.) allows, that "the Book is beautiful, and written by an inspired prophet." C. --- The Fathers have looked upon it with the utmost veneration; and S. Jerom, though he was at one time under some doubts, placed it on a level with the Books of Ruth, and Esther, &c. Ep. ad Principiam. --- It is admitted by Origen, Tertullian, S. Chrys. S. Hilary, V. Bede, &c. as the history of a most valiant matron, delivering God's people from a cruel tyrant. W. --- Some place this event under Cambyses, son of Cyrus; (Euseb. S. Aug.) others under Xerxex, (Torniel) or Darius Hystaspes, (E.) or Ochus: (Sulp. Severus) but the opinion which has been given above is more accurate; (C.) or rather Bethulia was saved, while Manasses was in captivity, (in the 10th year of his reign) and the high priest administered affairs in his absence. At this point, Judith might be thirty-five years old. She lived seventy years afterwards; and many days (perhaps eight years more) passed before the country was invaded by Pharao Nechao. C. xvi. 30. Thus Manasses survived 45 years, Amon 2, Josias 31; total 78. This chronology removes every difficulty. Houbig. Pref. --- If true, it seems probable that the work would be originally in Heb. as the Chaldee was used only after the captivity, (H.) which may be farther proved from C. i. 15. Greek. Houbigant. --- Protestants prefer to translate this and the other apocrypha from the Greek. M.

* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 5

Achior gives Holofernes an account of the people of Israel.

[1] And it was told Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, that the children of Israel prepared themselves to resist, and had shut up the ways of the mountains.

Nuntiatumque est Holoferni principi militiae Assyriorum, quod filii Israel praepararent se ad resistendum, ac montium itinera conclusissent,

[2] And he was transported with exceeding great fury and indignation, and he called all the princes of Moab and the leaders of Amman.

et furore nimio exarsit in iracundia magna, vocavitque omnes principes Moab et duces Ammon,

[3] And he said to them: Tell me what is this people that besetteth the mountains: or what are their cities, and of what sort, and how great: also what is their power, or what is their multitude: or who is the king over their warfare:

et dixit eis : Dicite mihi quis sit populus iste, qui montana obsidet : aut quae, et quales, et quantae sint civitates eorum : quae etiam sit virtus eorum, aut quae sit multitudo eorum : vel quis rex militiae illorum :

[4] And why they above all that dwell in the east, have despised us, and have not come out to meet us, that they might receive us with peace?

et quare prae omnibus, qui habitant in oriente, isti contempserunt nos, et non exierunt obviam nobis ut susciperent nos cum pace?

[5] Then Achior captain of all the children of Ammon answering, said: If thou vouch safe, my lord, to hear, I will tell the truth in thy sight concerning this people, that dwelleth in the mountains, and there shall not a false word come out of my mouth.

Tunc Achior dux omnium filiorum Ammon respondens, ait : Si digneris audire, domine mi, dicam veritatem in conspectu tuo de populo isto, qui in montanis habitat, et non egredietur verbum falsum ex ore meo.

[6] This people is of the offspring of the Chaldeans.

Populus iste ex progenie Chaldaeorum est.

[7] They dwelt first in Mesopotamia, because they would not follow the gods of their fathers, who were in the land of the Chaldeans.

Hic primum in Mesopotamia habitavit, quoniam noluerunt sequi deos patrum suorum, qui erant in terra Chaldaeorum.

[8] Wherefore forsaking the ceremonies of their fathers, which consisted in the worship of many gods,

Deserentes itaque caeremonias patrum suorum, quae in multitudine deorum erant,

[9] They worshipped one God of heaven, who also commanded them to depart from thence, and to dwell in Charan. And when there was a famine over all the land, they went down into Egypt, and there for four hundred years were so multiplied, that the army of them could not be numbered.

unum Deum caeli coluerunt, qui et praecepit eis ut exirent inde et habitarent in Charan. Cumque operuisset omnem terram fames, descenderunt in Aegyptum, illicque per quadringentos annos sic multiplicati sunt, ut dinumerari eorum non posset exercitus.

[10] And when the king of Egypt oppressed them, and made slaves of them to labour in clay and brick, in the building of his cities, they cried to their Lord, and he struck the whole land of Egypt with divers plagues.

Cumque gravaret eos rex Aegypti, atque in aedificationibus urbium suarum in luto et latere subjugasset eos, clamaverunt ad Dominum suum, et percussit totam terram Aegypti plagis variis.

[11] And when the Egyptians had cast them out from them, and the plague had ceased from them, and they had a mind to take them again, and bring them back to their service,

Cumque ejecissent eos Aegyptii a se, et cessasset plaga ab eis, et iterum eos vellent capere, et ad suum servitium revocare,

[12] The God of heaven opened the sea to them in their flight, so that the waters were made to stand firm as a wall on either side, and they walked through the bottom of the sea and passed it dry foot.

fugientibus his, Deus caeli mare aperuit, ita ut hinc inde aquae quasi murus solidarentur, et isti pede sicco fundum maris perambulando transirent.

[13] And when an innumerable army of the Egyptians pursued after them in that place, they were so overwhelmed with the waters, that there was not one left, to tell what had happened to posterity.

In quo loco dum innumerabilis exercitus Aegyptiorum eos persequeretur, ita aquis coopertus est, ut non remaneret vel unus, qui factum posteris nuntiaret.

[14] And after they came out of the Red Sea, they abode in the deserts of mount Sina, in which never man could dwell, or son of man rested.

Egressi vero mare Rubrum, deserta Sina montis occupaverunt, in quibus numquam homo habitare potuit, vel filius hominis requievit.

[15] There bitter fountains were made sweet for them to drink, and for forty years they received food from heaven.

Illic fontes amari obdulcati sunt eis ad bibendum, et per annos quadraginta annonam de caelo consecuti sunt.

[16] Wheresoever they went in without bow and arrow, and without shield and sword, their God fought for them and overcame.

Ubicumque ingressi sunt sine arcu et sagitta, et absque scuto et gladio, Deus eorum pugnavit pro eis, et vicit.

[17] And there was no one that triumphed over this people, but when they departed from the worship of the Lord their God.

Et non fuit qui insultaret populo isti, nisi quando recessit a cultu Domini Dei sui.

[18] But as often as beside their own God, they worshipped any other, they were given to spoil, and to the sword, and to reproach.

Quotiescumque autem praeter ipsum Deum suum, alterum coluerunt, dati sunt in praedam, et in gladium, et in opprobrium.

[19] And as often as they were penitent for having revolted from the worship of their God, the God of heaven gave them power to resist.

Quotiescumque autem poenituerunt se recessisse a cultura Dei sui, dedit eis Deus caeli virtutem resistendi.

[20] So they overthrew the king of the Chanaanites, and of the Jebusites, and of the Pherezites, and of the Hethites, and of the Hevites, and of the Amorrhites, and all the mighty ones in Hesebon, and they possessed their lands, and their cities:

Denique Chananaeum regem, et Jebusaeum, et Pherezaeum, et Hethaeum, et Hevaeum, et Amorrhaeum, et omnes potentes in Hesebon prostraverunt, et terras eorum, et civitates eorum ipsi possederunt :

[21] And as long as they sinned not in the sight of their God, it was well with them: for their God hateth iniquity.

et usque dum non peccarent in conspectu Dei sui, erant cum illis bona : Deus enim illorum odit iniquitatem.

[22] And even some years ago when they had revolted from the way which God had given them to walk therein, they were destroyed in battles by many nations, and very many of them were led away captive into a strange land.

Nam et ante hos annos cum recessissent a via, quam dederat illis Deus, ut ambularent in ea, exterminati sunt praeliis a multis nationibus, et plurimi eorum captivi abducti sunt in terram non suam.

[23] But of late returning to the Lord their God, from the different places wherein they were scattered, they are come together and are gone up into all these mountains, and possess Jerusalem again, where their holies are.

Nuper autem reversi ad Dominum Deum suum, ex dispersione qua dispersi fuerant, adunati sunt, et ascenderunt montana haec omnia, et iterum possident Jerusalem, ubi sunt sancta eorum.

[24] Now therefore, my lord, search if there be any iniquity of theirs in the sight of their God: let us go up to them, because their God will surely deliver them to thee, and they shall be brought under the yoke of thy power:

Nunc ergo mi domine, perquire si est aliqua iniquitas eorum in conspectu Dei eorum : ascendamus ad illos, quoniam tradens tradet illos Deus eorum tibi, et subjugati erunt sub jugo potentiae tuae.

[25] But if there be no offense of this people in the sight of their God, we can not resist them, because their God will defend them: and we shall be a reproach to the whole earth.

Si vero non est offensio populi hujus coram Deo suo, non poterimus resistere illis, quoniam Deus eorum defendet illos : et erimus in opprobrium universae terrae.

[26] And it came to pass, when Achior had ceased to speak these words, all the great men of Holofernes were angry, and they had a mind to kill him, saying to each other:

Et factum est, cum cessasset loqui Achior verba haec, irati sunt omnes magnates Holofernis, et cogitabant interficere eum, dicentes ad alterutrum :

[27] Who is this, that saith the children of Israel can resist king Nabuchodonosor, and his armies, men unarmed, and without force, and without skill in the art of war?

Quis est iste, qui filios Israel posse dicat resistere regi Nabuchodonosor, et exercitibus ejus, homines inermes, et sine virtute, et sine peritia artis pugnae?

[28] That Achior therefore may know that he deceiveth us, let us go up into the mountains: and when the bravest of them shall be taken, then shall he with them be stabbed with the sword:

Ut ergo agnoscat Achior quoniam fallit nos, ascendamus in montana : et cum capti fuerint potentes eorum, tunc cum eisdem gladio transverberabitur :

[29] That every nation may know that Nabuchodonosor is god of the earth, and besides him there is no other.

ut sciat omnis gens quoniam Nabuchodonosor deus terrae est, et praeter ipsum alius non est.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Mountains. Gr. adds, "and had fortified every summit of a high mountain, and had placed scandals in the plains," obstructing the passage (H.) with ditches, trees, (C.) and snares of every description. H.

Ver. 2. Ammon. Gr. adds, "and the satraps of the maritime country," (H.) the Philistines, who had submitted like the rest.

Ver. 3. Them. Gr. adds, "Ye sons of Chanaan tell." He was not acquainted with their origin: the title belonged only to the Phœnicians, (C.) who might also be present. H.

Ver. 4. East. Gr. "west," which seems more accurate, unless Holofernes was on the sea-coast, (C.) or that part of the country went by this name, as it does at present. H. --- He was not absolutely unacquainted with the Jews, but spoke in contempt, (v. 27. W. M.) and wished to know if they had formed a league with the Egyptians, &c. C.

Ver. 5. My. Gr. "the mouth of thy slave." H.

Ver. 6. Chaldeans. Abraham was a native of Ur. Gen. xii. C. --- This tended to conciliate the favour of the general, who as of the same country. M.

Ver. 9. Heaven. Gr. adds, "the God whom they had known, and they (the Chaldean idolaters) cast them out from the face of the gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia, and dwelt there many days: (H. that is, about two years. C.) and their God commanded them to leave their abode, and to go into the land of Chanaan; and they dwelt there, and were enriched;...and when," &c. --- There. Gr. "and where there till they returned; and there they became innumerable." H.

Ver. 10. Oppressed. Gr. "craftily inveigled them." Ex. i. 10.

Ver. 11. Plague. Gr. adds, "for which there was no remedy. And the Egyptians cast them out from among them. And God dried up the Red Sea before them, and conducted them to Mount Sinai and Cades-Barne, and cast out all the inhabitants of the desert; and they dwelt in the land of the Amorrhites, and exterminated all the Hesebon, by their power. Then crossing the Jordan, they took as their inheritance all the mountainous parts, and ejected the Chanaanite, Pherezite, Jebusite, Sichem, and all the Gergesites, and dwelt therein many days. And, " v. 21. H. --- The environs of Sichem belonged to the Hevites. C.

Ver. 14. Rested. This is attested, Deut. xxxii. 10. and Jer. ii. 6. M.

Ver. 16. Overcame, in the days of Josue, (M.) at Jericho, &c. H.

Ver. 22. Battles. He seems to speak of the captivity of Manasses, (W.) of the ten tribes, and of the loss sustained by Achaz. 2 Par. xxviii. 5. M. --- By many. Gr. "exceedingly; and they were led captive into a land which was not their own, and the temple of their God became as a pavement, and their cities were taken by the enemies. But now, returning to their God, they are come up from the places to which they had been scattered, and have possession of Jerusalem, where is their sanctuary; and they have inhabited the mountainous country, for it was a desert." H. --- Our adversaries would infer from this, and similar passages, that the siege of Bethulia could not have taken place till after the captivity of Babylon; and this many Catholics allow. But the proof is not conclusive, as all this might be verified under Manasses: (C.) "the temple was trampled on," (Syr. egennhqh eiV edafoV) and profaned. See C. iv. 2. and 1 Mac. iii. 51. and Luke xxi. 24. It had been pillaged by Sesac and the Assyrians, and had stood in need of great repairs under Ezechias, Josias, &c. Several of the Israelites had escaped from the hands of their oppressors, (2 Par. xxxiv. 9.) and the Jews had regained their strength after the captivity of Manasses, (C.) having retired before into their strong holds in the deserts. H.

Ver. 25. Cannot. Gr. "let my lord indeed pass by, lest their Lord should cover them with a shield, for their God is for them, and we," &c.

Ver. 26. All the. Gr. "all the people round the tent murmured; and the great men of Holofernes, and all who dwelt in the maritime country, and in Moab, threatened to cut him to pieces. For we shall not fear the children of Israel. Lo! a people without power, strength, or army in battle array! We shall then go up, and they shall be for food to all thy army, lord Holofernes. And," C. vi.

Ver. 27. Who. They speak thus through indignation, though they knew Achior well enough. W. - Their blasphemous presumption was soon punished. M.

Ver. 29. Other. This foolish attempt was not peculiar to this king. The great Nabuchodonosor was infected with the same vanity, (Dan. vi. 7.) and was imitated by many of the Persian monarchs, and by Alexander. Persas non piè tantum sed etiam prudenter Reges suos inter deos colere: Majestatem enim imperii salutis esse tutelam. Curtius viii. Yet most of the Greeks could not brook such flattery, though they were not influenced by religion, but by reason, and their own haughty temper. See Justin vi. Mart. x. 62.

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THE BOOK OF JUDITH* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 3

INTRODUCTION.

* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 3

Many submit themselves to Holofernes. He destroyeth their cities, and their gods, that Nabuchodonosor only might be called God.

[1] Then the kings and the princes of all the cities and provinces, of Syria, Mesopotamia, and Syria Sobal, and Libya, and Cilicia sent their ambassadors, who coming to Holofernes, said:

Tunc miserunt legatos suos universarum urbium, ac provinciarum reges ac principes, Syriae scilicet Mesopotamiae, et Syriae Sobal, et Libyae, atque Ciliciae, qui venientes ad Holofernem, dixerunt :

[2] Let thy indignation towards us cease: for it is better for us to live and serve Nabuchodonosor the great king, and be subject to thee, than to die and to perish, or suffer the miseries of slavery.

Desinat indignatio tua circa nos : melius est enim ut viventes serviamus Nabuchodonosor regi magno, et subditi simus tibi, quam morientes cum interitu nostro ipsi servitutis nostrae damna patiamur.

[3] All our cities and our possessions, all mountains and hills, and fields, and herds of oxen, and flocks of cheep, and goats, and horses, and camels, and all our goods, and families are in thy sight:

Omnis civitas nostra, omnisque possessio, omnes montes, et colles, et campi, et armenta boum, gregesque ovium, et caprarum, equorumque et camelorum, et universae facultates nostrae, atque familiae, in conspectu tuo sunt :

[4] Let all we have be subject to thy law.

sint omnia nostra sub lege tua.

[5] Both we and our children are thy servants.

Nos, et filii nostri, servi tui sumus.

[6] Come to us a peaceable lord, and use our service as it shall please thee.

Veni nobis pacificus dominus, et utere servitio nostro, sicut placuerit tibi.

[7] Then he came down from the mountains with horsemen, in great power, and made himself master of every city, and all the inhabitants of the land.

Tunc descendit de montibus cum equitibus in virtute magna, et obtinuit omnem civitatem, et omnem inhabitantem terram.

[8] And from all the cities he took auxiliaries valiant men, and chosen for war.

De universis autem urbibus assumpsit sibi auxiliarios viros fortes, et electos ad bellum.

[9] And so great a fear lay upon all those provinces, that the inhabitants of all the cities, both princes and nobles, as well as the people, went out to meet him at his coming.

Tantusque metus provinciis illis incubuit, ut universarum urbium habitatores principes, et honorati simul cum populis exirent obviam venienti,

[10] And received him with garlands, and lights, and dances, and tumbrels, and flutes.

excipientes eum cum coronis, et lampadibus, ducentes choros in tympanis, et tibiis.

[11] And though they did these things, they could not for all that mitigate the fierceness of his heart:

Nec ista tamen facientes, ferocitatem ejus pectoris mitigare potuerunt :

[12] For he both destroyed their cities and cut down their groves.

nam et civitates eorum destruxit, et lucos eorum excidit.

[13] For Nabuchodonosor the king had commanded him to destroy all the gods of the earth, that he only might be called God by those nations which could be brought under him by the power of Holofernes.

Praeceperat enim illi Nabuchodonosor rex, ut omnes deos terrae exterminaret, videlicet ut ipse solus diceretur deus ab his nationibus, quae potuissent Holofernis potentia subjugari.

[14] And when he had passed through all Syria Sobal, and all Apamea, and all Mesopotamia, he came to the Idumeans into the land of Gabaa,

Pertransiens autem Syriam Sobal, et omnem Apameam, omnemque Mesopotamiam, venit ad Idumaeos in terram Gabaa,

[15] And he took possession of their cities, and stayed there for thirty days, in which days he commanded all the troops of his army to be united.

accepitque civitates eorum, et sedit ibi per triginta dies, in quibus diebus adunari praecepit universum exercitum virtutis suae.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Kings. Gr. "they sent to him ambassadors, with proposals for peace, saying: Behold we, the servants of Nabuchodonosor, the great king, lay before thee; use us as thou thinkest best," &c. These proposals were made by those on the sea-coast, from Sidon and Tyre to Ascalon, from whom Holofernes took "the choicest men," being received with honour, v. 10. H. --- Syria, &c. These are not specified in the Greek. --- Sobal, or Soba, (1 K. xiv. 47.) near Damascus, where Ptolemy (v.) places Samoulis. --- Lybia seems too remote, and had not been attacked: some therefore would read Lycia, or Lygia, (Herod. vii. 72.) or rather Lydia, (C.) which Holofernes had "cut in pieces," according to the Greek. C. ii. 13. H.

Ver. 2. Great. This was his usual title. Dan. ii. 30. 4 K. xviii. 19. C. --- Slavery. Yet they make an unconditional submission. H. --- It is better for us to submit to servitude than to be slaughtered like our brethren. M.

Ver. 3. Sight, at thy disposal. Gen. xiii. 9. Prov. xv. 11.

Ver. 10. Lights. Torches were used to testify joy. 2 Mac. iv. 22.

Ver. 11. Though. Greek, "He demolished all their borders, and cut down their groves."

Ver. 13. Called. Gr. "Worshipped by all nations, and that all their tongues and tribes might call him god." H. --- Behold to what lengths ambition may be carried. If he had only claimed a place among the other pagan deities, his title was as good as theirs. C. --- He is a figure of Antichrist; for whom all heretics pave the way. 2 Thes. ii. W.

Ver. 14. Apamea, on the river Orontes, between which and the river Eleutherus, lay the Mesopotamia here mentioned. --- Idumeans, or to "Rama," near Gabaa, which was on the north of Jerusalem; whereas Idumea lay far to the south. C. --- Yet (H.) Gabaa may designate a mountainous country, as 1 K. vii. 1. (M.) and there is no reason why Idumea might not have felt the power of Holofernes, as well as Madian, &c. H. --- The order of conquests in not observed, (M.) for while the commander-in-chief was in one place, his generals were dispersed into different parts. He had now advanced as far as Gabaa of Saul, (H.) when meditating a serious attack upon Egypt, he thought proper to concentrate his forces; little expecting to meet with such a check at Bethulia. C. --- Gr. "He came to Esdrelon, near Dotaia, (or Dothaim, north of Sichem) which is opposite the great saw of Judea," or the range of mountains of Ephraim. C. - Old Vulg. "of Juda," dividing it from Idumea. The kings of Israel had fortified the defiles. 3 K. xv. 17.

Ver. 15. Took. Gr. "encamped between Gaba and Scythopolis, (Bethsan. Jos. xvii. 11.) and he was there a month of days, to collect all the burden of his army."

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THE BOOK OF TOBIAS Or Tobit* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 6

INTRODUCTION.

This Book takes its name from the holy man Tobias, whose wonderful virtues are herein recorded. It contains most excellent documents of great piety, extraordinary patience, and of perfect resignation to the will of God. His humble prayer was heard, and the angel Raphael was sent to relieve him: he is thankful, and praises the Lord, calling on the children of Israel to do the same. Having lived to the age of one hundred and two years, he exhorts his son and grandsons to piety, foretells the destruction of Ninive, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem: he dies happily. Ch. --- The Jews themselves have a great regard for the book of Tobias; (Grot. Sixtus Senens. viii.) which Origen (ad Afric.) says they "read in Hebrew," meaning probably the Chaldee, (C.) out of which language S. Jerom translated it, preferring to displease the Pharisaical Jews, rather than not to satisfy the desires of the holy bishops Chromatius and Heliodorus. Ep. t. iii. W. --- The Greek version seems to have been taken from another copy, or it has been executed with greater liberty by the Hellenist Jews, between the times of the Sept. and of Theodotion. C. --- Huet and Prideaux esteem it more original; and Houbigant has translated it in his Bible, as the Council of Trent only spoke of the Latin editions then extant; and S. Jerom followed in his version the Hebrew one of a Jew, as he did not understand the Chaldee. H. --- The Syriac and the modern Hebrew edition of Fagius, agree mostly with the Greek, as that of Munster and another Heb. copy of Huet, and the Arabic version, both unpublished, are more conformable to the Vulgate. The most ancient Latin version used before S. Jerom, was taken from the Greek; and the Fathers who lived in those ages, speak of it when they call the book of Tobias canonical. S. Aug. leaves it, however, to adopt S. Jerom's version, in his Mirrour. The copies of all these versions vary greatly, (C.) though the substance of the history is still the same; and in all we discover the virtues of a good parent, of a dutiful son, and virtuous husband, beautifully described. H. --- "The servant of God, holy Tobias, is given to us after the law for an example, that we might know how to practise what we read; and that if temptations assail us, we may not depart from the fear of God, nor expect help from any other." S. Aug. q. 119. ex utroque Test. --- The four first chapters exhibit the holy life of old Tobias, and the eight following, the journey and affairs of his son, directed by Raphael. In the two last chapters they praise God, and the elder Tobias foretells the better state of the commonwealth. W. --- It is probable that both left records, from which this work has been compiled, with a few additional observations. It was written during (C.) or after the captivity of Babylon. E. --- The Jews had then little communication with each other, in different kingdoms. Tobias was not allowed to go into Media, under Sennacherib; and it is probable that the captives at Babylon would be under similar restrictions; so that we do not need to wonder that they were unacquainted with this history of a private family, the records of which seem to have been kept at Ecbatana. The original Chaldee is entirely lost, so that it is impossible to ascertain whether the Greek or the Vulg. be more conformable to it. The chronology of the latter seems however more accurate, as the elder Tobias foretold the destruction of Ninive, twenty-three years before the event, which his son just beheld verified, dying in the 18th year of king Josias. The accounts which appear to sectaries to be fabulous, may easily be explained. Houbigant. --- Josephus and Philo omit this history. C.

* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 6

By the angel's advice young Tobias taketh hold on a fish that assaulteth him. Reserveth the heart, the gall, and the liver for medicines. They lodge at the house of Raguel, whose daughter Sara, Tobias is to marry; she had before been married to seven husbands, who were all slain by a devil.

[1] And Tobias went forward, and the dog followed him, and he lodged the first night by the river of Tigris.

Profectus est autem Tobias, et canis secutus est eum, et mansit prima mansione juxta fluvium Tigris.

[2] And he went out to wash his feet, and behold a monstrous fish came up to devour him.

Et exivit ut lavaret pedes suos, et ecce piscis immanis exivit ad devorandum eum.

[3] And Tobias being afraid of him, cried out with a loud voice, saying: Sir, he cometh upon me.

Quem expavescens Tobias clamavit voce magna, dicens : Domine, invadit me.

[4] And the angel said to him: Take him by the gill, and draw him to thee. And when he had done so, he drew him out upon the land, and he began to pant before his feet.

Et dixit ei angelus : Apprehende branchiam ejus, et trahe eum ad te. Quod cum fecisset, attraxit eum in siccum, et palpitare coepit ante pedes ejus.

[5] Then the angel said to him: Take out the entrails of the fish, and lay up his heart, and his gall, and his liver for thee: for these are necessary for useful medicines.

Tunc dixit ei angelus : Exentera hunc piscem, et cor ejus, et fel, et jecur repone tibi : sunt enim haec necessaria ad medicamenta utiliter.

[6] And when he had done so, he roasted the flesh thereof, and they took it with them in the way: the rest they salted as much as might serve them, till they came to Rages the city of the Medes.

Quod cum fecisset, assavit carnes ejus, et secum tulerunt in via : cetera salierunt, quae sufficerent eis, quousque pervenirent in Rages civitatem Medorum.

[7] Then Tobias asked the angel, and said to him: I beseech thee, brother Azarias, tell me what remedies are these things good for, which thou hast bid me keep of the fish?

Tunc interrogavit Tobias angelum, et dixit ei : Obsecro te, Azaria frater, ut dicas mihi quod remedium habebunt ista, quae de pisce servare jussisti?

[8] And the angel, answering, said to him: If thou put a little piece of its heart upon coals, the smoke thereof driveth away all kind of devils, either from man or from woman, so that they come no more to them.

Et respondens angelus, dixit ei : Cordis ejus particulam si super carbones ponas, fumus ejus extricat omne genus daemoniorum sive a viro, sive a muliere, ita ut ultra non accedat ad eos.

[9] And the gall is good for anointing the eyes, in which there is a white speck, and they shall be cured.

Et fel valet ad ungendos oculos, in quibus fuerit albugo, et sanabuntur.

[10] And Tobias said to him: Where wilt thou that we lodge?

Et dixit ei Tobias : Ubi vis ut maneamus?

[11] And the angel answering, said: Here is one whose name is Raguel, a near kinsman of thy tribe, and he hath a daughter named Sara, but he hath no son nor any other daughter beside her.

Respondensque angelus, ait : Est hic Raguel nomine, vir propinquus de tribu tua, et hic habet filiam nomine Saram, sed neque masculum, neque feminam ullam habet aliam praeter eam.

[12] All his substance is due to thee, and thou must take her to wife.

Tibi debetur omnis substantia ejus, et oportet eam te accipere conjugem.

[13] Ask her therefore of her father, and he will give her thee to wife.

Pete ergo eam a patre ejus, et dabit tibi eam in uxorem.

[14] Then Tobias answered, and said: I hear that she hath been given to seven husbands, and they all died: moreover I have heard, that a devil killed them.

Tunc respondit Tobias, et dixit : Audio quia tradita est septem viris, et mortui sunt : sed et hoc audivi, quia daemonium occidit illos.

[15] Now I am afraid, lest the same thing should happen to me also: and whereas I am the only child of my parents, I should bring down their old age with sorrow to hell.

Timeo ergo, ne forte et mihi haec eveniant : et cum sim unicus parentibus meis, deponam senectutem illorum cum tristitia ad inferos.

[16] Then the angel Raphael said to him: Hear me, and I will shew thee who they are, over whom the devil can prevail.

Tunc angelus Raphael dixit ei : Audi me, et ostendam tibi qui sunt, quibus praevalere potest daemonium.

[17] For they who in such manner receive matrimony, as to shut out God from themselves, and from their mind, and to give themselves to their lust, as the horse and mule, which have not understanding, over them the devil hath power.

Hi namque qui conjugium ita suscipiunt, ut Deum a se et a sua mente excludant, et suae libidini ita vacent, sicut equus et mulus, quibus non est intellectus : habet potestatem daemonium super eos.

[18] But thou when thou shalt take her, go into the chamber, and for three days keep thyself continent from her, and give thyself to nothing else but to prayers with her.

Tu autem cum acceperis eam, ingressus cubiculum, per tres dies continens esto ab ea, et nihil aliud nisi orationibus vacabis cum ea.

[19] And on that night lay the liver of the fish on the fire, and the devil shall be driven away.

Ipsa autem nocte, incenso jecore piscis, fugabitur daemonium.

[20] But the second night thou shalt be admitted into the society of the holy Patriarchs.

Secunda vero nocte in copulatione sanctorum patriarcharum admitteris.

[21] And the third night thou shalt obtain a blessing that sound children may be born of you.

Tertia autem nocte, benedictionem consequeris, ut filii ex vobis procreentur incolumes.

[22] And when the third night is past, thou shalt take the virgin with the fear of the Lord, moved rather for love of children than for lust, that in the seed of Abraham thou mayst obtain a blessing in children.

Transacta autem tertia nocte, accipies virginem cum timore Domini, amore filiorum magis quam libidine ductus, ut in semine Abrahae benedictionem in filiis consequaris.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Dog. Gr. and Heb. specify this circumstance, (C. v. 22.) but not here. Those who attack the authority of this book, infer that such a trifle would not be noticed by the Holy Spirit. C. xi. 9. Yet Homer mentions the fawning of the dog upon Ulysses, after he had been 20 years from home; and the gravest historians record instances of the fidelity of dogs. C. --- Night, or stage, mansione, (H.) at a caravansera, or house where travellers might stop all night, and sometimes, though seldom, might be supplied with necessaries. Herodotus (v. 52.) mentions several in the kingdom of Persia. C.

Ver. 2. Feet. Gr. "to bathe." --- Fish. The learned are of opinion that this was the fish which Pliny calls callyonymus, (l. xxii. ch. 7.) the gall of which is of sovereign virtue to remove white specks that grow over the eyes. Ch. --- Other fishes have the like virtue; and as the aforesaid has no scales, and is not above a foot long, it could not be lawfully eaten by the Israelites, nor could it suffice for ten days' provision, v. 6. Lev. xi. 10. Others, therefore, prefer (C.) the sea-calf, (Brado) the hippopotamus, (Grot.) the crocodile, (Carthus.) whale, (Theophylact.) sturgeon, or silurus. Bochart, Anim. iv. 15. --- But there are great difficulties with respect to all these; and Fran. George adopts the sentiment of the Rabbins in favour of the pike, which seems the least objectionable, as it has scales, gills, and cannot live long out of water, v. 4. It grows to a great size in the Tigris, and its gall is good for the eyes. C.

Ver. 3. And. This verse is not in Greek. Tobias and the fish were both in the water. C.

Ver. 4. Take him. "It," would be as proper. --- Gill. Gr. "Seize the fish, and the boy got the better of the fish, and threw it upon the land." H. --- Heb. also omits the gill and the panting, (C.) circumstances which would invalidate the opinions of many respecting the nature of this fish, v. ii. H.

Ver. 5. For thee. Gr. "carefully." H. --- The rest is omitted also in the Heb. of Fagius. C.

Ver. 6. Flesh. S. Paul uses the like expression, (1 Cor. xv.) as well as Pliny ix. 15. W. --- Took. Gr. and Fagius, (C.) "eat, and both went on till they came near to Ecbatana." H. --- From Ninive to Rages would be 10 or 12 days' journey. C.

Ver. 7. Tell. Gr. "What is the heart, the liver, and the gall of the fish for?" H.

Ver. 8. Its heart, &c. The liver, (v. 19.) God was pleased to give to these things a virtue against those proud spirits, to make them, who affected to be like the Most High, subject to such mean corporeal creatures, as instruments of his power. Ch. --- God sometimes makes use of things as remedies which have, naturally, a different effect; as when Christ put clay on the eyes of the blind man. Jo. ix. The things which the angel ordered were salutary, by God's appointment. W. --- They could not act directly upon a spirit: but they might upon the person troubled by one, as Saul was relieved by music. C. Diss. --- The smoke was a sign of the devil's expulsion, and of the efficacy of prayer; or rather, God subjected the proud spirits to such weak elements. Serar. q. 3. M. --- Gr. "and he said to him, respecting the heart and liver, if any demon or wicked spirit be troublesome, make these smoke before a man or a woman, and the person shall be troubled no longer.

Ver. 9. Gall. This is generally allowed by physicians to be most excellent, particularly that of the callyonymus, and of the hyena, (Vales. Phil. 42. Galen 10. M.) and silurus, &c. so that one objection of the adversaries of this book falls to the ground. Houbigant.

Ver. 10. And. Gr. "But as they approached to Rages, the angel said to the young man: Brother, to-day we shall lodge with Raguel, and he is thy relation, and he has an only daughter, by name Sara: I will propose that she may be given to thee for a wife, because the inheritance belongs to thee, and thou art the only one of her kindred. The girl is beautiful and prudent. Now, therefore, give ear to me, and I will speak to her father, and when we return from Rages, we will celebrate the nuptials. For I know Raguel, that he will not give her to another man, comformably to the law of Moses, or he will incur death; because thou art entitled to the to the inheritance before any other. Then," &c. v. 14. H. --- The law regulated the marriages of heiresses, (Num. xxxvi. 6.) though not under pain of death. C.

Ver. 14. Died. Gr. "were destroyed in the nuptial chamber, (numfh). And as I am my father’s only son, I fear lest, approaching to her, I should die like the former; because a demon is in love with her, which hurts no one but such as approach to her. Now, therefore, I fear lest I should die, and bring down the life of my father and mother upon me to their grave." H. --- If this text may be styled Scripture, it only records the opinion of Toby. (C.) or what he had "heard." H. --- Many grave authors have been of the same persuasion that devils could be enamoured with mortal beauties: (C.) talesque asseverant ut hoc negare impudentiæ esse videatur. S. Aug. de C. xv. 23. Delrio, Magic. 2. --- But this opinion is now almost entirely abandoned. Many who have testified such things, may have experienced only some diabolical illusions. The devil could not love the beauty, nor the virtue of Sara. But he was permitted by God to exercise his malice against those who would have gratified their impure desires. C. --- We may perhaps decide to peremptorily on the nature of devils with which we are little acquainted. As they are susceptible of pride, anger, &c. why may they not also give way to some subtle kind of mental impurity? Houbigant.

Ver. 15. To hell. That is, to place where the souls were kept below, before the coming of Christ; (Ch.) as the just had not yet access to heaven. See Gen. xxxvii. W. Gr. adds, "and they have no other son to bury them."

Ver. 16. Raphael. Gr. "said to him: Dost thou not remember that thy father ordered thee to take a wife of thy kindered? Now then hearken to me brother; for she shall be thy wife. Mind not the devil. For this night she shall be given in marriage to thee; and if thou enter the nuptial chamber, thou shalt take the ashes of incense, and shalt place thereon some of the heart and liver," &c. v. 19. H.

Ver. 17. Mule, which are very libidinous. Ps. xiii. --- Power. Yet he is not always permitted to kill them, as God often allows them time for repentance, or surrers them to draw down heavier judgments. M. --- "The devils can do no more than God secretly permits;" (S. Aug. de C. ii. 23.) and "God justly suffers the wicked to fall victims to their iniquitous appetites." S. Greg. mor. ii.

Ver. 18. Days. No morality could be more pure. The Christian Church has given similar counsels, in the Capitulars of France, and of Erard, archbishop of Tours, and in many rituals published in the 16th century. The council of Trent only advises people to approach to the sacraments of penance and the Holy Eucharist, three days at least before marriage. The Greeks, in their third council of Carthage, (c. 13) order the first night to be spent in continence.

Ver. 19. Lay. Gr. adds, "some of the heart...and make it smoke, and the devil shall smell, and flee away, and shall not return for ever." H. --- This is contrary to reason, say our adversaries. But though devils be incorporeal, may they not be affected by certain bodies, as our souls are when our limbs are hurt? The angel chose this sort of usual exorcism, that those who were present might be convinced of the devil’s departure. As the devils abuse the works of the creation, it was convenient that they should be punished by them; as they submit to magical operations, they must feel the power of such exorcisms (Houbigant) as are authorized by God and his Church. H.

Ver. 20. Society (copulatione.) He then obtained this blessing, though he knew not his wife till the fourth night. W. --- His marriage resembled that of the patriarchs. C. --- Gr. "But when thou shalt go to her, arise both, and cry to the merciful God, and he will save and have pity on you. Fear not, for she was prepared for thee from eternity; and thou shalt save her, and she shall go with thee; and I flatter myself that thou shalt have children of her. And as soon as Tobias heard this, he loved her, and his soul was much attached to her: and they arrived at Ecbatana." H. - Some may wonder that Tobias did not ask for the consent of his parents. But the angel reminded him of his father’s injunctions, (C.) and spoke in such a manner, that he was convinced his counsel was from God. H.

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The Second Book Of Esdras - Also Known As - THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAS - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 2

INTRODUCTION.

This Book takes its name from the writer, who was cup-bearer to Artaxerxes, (surnamed Longimanus) king of Persia, and was sent by him with a commission to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. It is also called the Second Book of Esdras, because it is a continuation of the history begun by Esdras, of the state of the people of God after their return from captivity. Ch. --- Genebrard believes that the latter wrote the work. But how long must he thus have lived? and how come the lists to vary so much? C. --- We may allow that these variations are owing to the mistakes of transcribers, (1 Esd. ii. 1.) for the writer of both works was certainly inspired. Esdras lived a long time along with Nehemias; (C. xii. 35.) and he may have left memorials, as well as the latter, from which the present work seems to be compiled. H. --- Some additions have been made since the days of Nehemias, articularly C. xii. to v. 26, or at least (C.) the five last of these verses. Capel. Chron. --- The passage cited from the commentaries of Nehemias, (2 Mac. ii. 13.) is not to be found here; which shews that we have not his entire work, but only an abridgment, in which the author has adopted his words, with some few alterations. The fifth chapter seems to be out of its place, and also the dedication of the walls. C. xii. 27. Nehemias was a person in great favour at the court of Persia; and of high birth, probably of the royal family, (Euseb. Isid. Genebrard in Chron.) as most of the ancients believe that all who governed, till the time of the Asmoneans, were of the tribe of Juda. Hence he styles Hanani his brother, (C. i. 2.) and declines entering into the temple. C. vi. 11. His name never occurs among the priests; and though we read 2 Mac. i. 18. 21, jussit sacerdos Nehemias, (T.) the Greek has, "Nehemias order the priests;" iereiV: (C. Huet. D.) and the title of priest sometimes is given to laymen at the head of affairs. H. --- In this character Nehemias appeared, by order of Artaxerxes: and notwithstanding the obstructions of the enemies of Juda, rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem, and returned after twelve years to court, making a second visit to his own country, a little before the death of the king, whom he probably survived only one year, dying A. 3580, about thirty years after he had been appointed governor. C. --- In the two first chapters, we behold his solicitude for the welfare of his country, in the ten following his success, and in the last what abuses he corrected. W. --- He renewed the covenant with God, (C. ix. and x.) sent for the sacred fire, and established a library at Jerusalem. 2 Mac. i. 19. 34. and ii. 13. H.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 2

Nehemias with commission from king Artaxerxes cometh to Jerusalem: and exhorteth the Jews to rebuild the walls.

[1] And it came to pass in the month of Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king: that wine was before him, and I took up the wine, and gave it to the king: and I was as one languishing away before his face.

Factum est autem in mense Nisan, anno vigesimo Artaxerxis regis : et vinum erat ante eum, et levavi vinum, et dedi regi : et eram quasi languidus ante faciem ejus.

[2] And the king said to me: Why is thy countenance sad, seeing thou dost not appear to be sick? this is not without cause, but some evil, I know not what, is in thy heart. And I was seized with an exceeding great fear:

Dixitque mihi rex : Quare vultus tuus tristis est, cum te aegrotum non videam? non est hoc frustra, sed malum nescio quod in corde tuo est. Et timui valde, ac nimis :

[3] And I said to the king: O king, live for ever: why should not my countenance be sorrowful, seeing the city of the place of the sepulchres of my fathers is desolate, and the gates thereof are burnt with fire?

et dixi regi : Rex in aeternum vive : quare non moereat vultus meus, quia civitas domus sepulchrorum patris mei deserta est, et portae ejus combustae sunt igni?

[4] Then the king said to me: For what dost thou make request? And I prayed to the God of heaven,

Et ait mihi rex : Pro qua re postulas? Et oravi Deum caeli,

[5] And I said to the king: If it seem good to the king, and if thy servant hath found favour in thy sight, that thou wouldst send me into Judea to the city of the sepulchre of my father, and I will build it.

et dixi ad regem : Si videtur regi bonum, et si placet servus tuus ante faciem tuam, ut mittas me in Judaeam ad civitatem sepulchri patris mei, et aedificabo eam.

[6] And the king said to me, and the queen that sat by him: For how long shall thy journey be, and when wilt thou return? And it pleased the king, and he sent me: and I fixed him a time.

Dixitque mihi rex, et regina quae sedebat juxta eum : Usque ad quod tempus erit iter tuum, et quando reverteris? Et placuit ante vultum regis, et misit me : et constitui ei tempus.

[7] And I said to the king: If it seem good to the king, let him give me letters to the governors of the country beyond the river, that they convey me over, till I come into Judea:

Et dixi regi : Si regi videtur bonum, epistolas det mihi ad duces regionis trans flumen, ut traducant me, donec veniam in Judaeam :

[8] And a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king's forest, to give me timber that I may cover the gates of the tower of the house, and the walls of the city, and the house that I shall enter into. And the king gave me according to the good hand of my God with me.

et epistolam ad Asaph custodem saltus regis, ut det mihi ligna, ut tegere possim portas turris domus, et muros civitatis, et domum, quam ingressus fuero. Et dedit mihi rex juxta manum Dei mei bonam mecum.

[9] And I came to the governors of the country beyond the river, and gave them the king's letters. And the king had sent with me captains of soldiers, and horsemen.

Et veni ad duces regionis trans flumen, dedique eis epistolas regis. Miserat autem rex mecum principes militum, et equites.

[10] And Sanaballat the Horonite, and Tobias the servant, the Ammonite, heard it, and it grieved them exceedingly, that a man was come, who sought the prosperity of the children of Israel.

Et audierunt Sanaballat Horonites, et Tobias servus Ammanites : et contristati sunt afflictione magna, quod venisset homo, qui quaereret prosperitatem filiorum Israel.

[11] And I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days.

Et veni Jerusalem, et eram ibi tribus diebus.

[12] And I arose in the night, I and some few men with me, and I told not any man what God had put in my heart to do in Jerusalem, and there was no beast with me, but the beast that I rode upon.

Et surrexi nocte ego, et viri pauci mecum, et non indicavi cuiquam quid Deus dedisset in corde meo ut facerem in Jerusalem, et jumentum non erat mecum, nisi animal, cui sedebam.

[13] And I went out by night by the gate of the valley, and before the dragon fountain, and to the dung gate, and I viewed the wall of Jerusalem which was broken down, and the gates thereof which were consumed with fire.

Et egressus sum per portam vallis nocte, et ante fontem draconis, et ad portam stercoris, et considerabam murum Jerusalem dissipatum, et portas ejus consumptas igni.

[14] And I passed to the gate of the fountain, and to the king's aqueduct, and there was no place for the beast on which I rode to pass.

Et transivi ad portam fontis, et ad aquaeductum regis, et non erat locus jumento, cui sedebam, ut transiret.

[15] And I went up in the night by the torrent, and viewed the wall, and going back I came to the gate of the valley, and returned.

Et ascendi per torrentem nocte, et considerabam murum, et reversus veni ad portam vallis, et redii.

[16] But the magistrates knew not whither I went, or what I did: neither had I as yet told any thing to the Jews, or to the priests, or to the nobles, or to the magistrates, or to the rest that did the work.

Magistratus autem nesciebant quo abiissem, aut quid ego facerem : sed et Judaeis et sacerdotibus, et optimatibus, et magistratibus, et reliquis qui faciebant opus, usque ad id loci nihil indicaveram.

[17] Then I said to them: You know the affliction wherein we are, because Jerusalem is desolate, and the gates thereof are consumed with fire: come, and let us build up the walls of Jerusalem, and let us be no longer a reproach.

Et dixi eis : Vos nostis afflictionem in qua sumus : quia Jerusalem deserta est, et portae ejus consumptae sunt igni : venite, et aedificemus muros Jerusalem, et non simus ultra opprobrium.

[18] And I shewed them how the hand of my God was good with me, and the king's words, which he had spoken to me, and I said: Let us rise up, and build. And their hands were strengthened in good.

Et indicavi eis manum Dei mei, quod esset bona mecum, et verba regis, quae locutus esset mihi, et aio : Surgamus, et aedificemus. Et confortatae sunt manus eorum in bono.

[19] But Sanaballat the Horonite, and Tobias the servant, the Ammonite, and Gossem the Arabian heard of it, and they scoffed at us, and despised us, and said: What is this thing that you do? are you going to rebel against the king?

Audierunt autem Sanaballat Horonites, et Tobias servus Ammanites, et Gosem Arabs, et subsannaverunt nos, et despexerunt, dixeruntque : Quae est haec res, quam facitis? numquid contra regem vos rebellatis?

[20] And I answered them, and said to them: The God of heaven he helpeth us, and we are his servants: let us rise up and build: but you have no part, nor justice, nor remembrance in Jerusalem.

Et reddidi eis sermonem, dixique ad eos : Deus caeli ipse nos juvat, et nos servi ejus sumus : surgamus et aedificemus : vobis autem non est pars, et justitia, et memoria in Jerusalem.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Year. It seems the Persians began the year with Tizri, since both Casleu (the third) and Nisan (the seventh month of the civil year) fall on the twentieth of the king. --- Wine. These kings drunk only that of Syria. Strabo xv. --- People of distinction were appointed cup-bearers; and even the children of kings did not esteem the office beneath them. Herod. iii. 34. Athen. x. 6. Homer, &c. C. --- I was. Prot. "I had not been before-time sad in his presence." H. --- Heb. lit. "I was not evil." Sept. "an enemy, or stranger." Arab. "disagreeable." Syr. "sorrowful." Sept. also, "there was not another (ouk hn eteroV) present," C. v. 6. S. Jerom seems not to have read the negation. H.

Ver. 2. Is not. Heb. "nothing but sorrow of heart;" (Syr. C. Prot.) or rather, thou art meditating only treason. Sept. "This is nothing but wickedness of heart," (H.) which often shews itself on the countenance. The king might suspect that he was giving him poison. M. --- Hence Nehemias feared, (C.) dreading such suspicions, (H.) and aware lest the company might frustrate his good design, as contrary to the interests of the crown. T.

Ver. 3. Live; an usual salutation. Dan. iii. 9. and v. 10. So Ælian (var. i. 32.) says, "O king Artaxerxes, mayst thou reign for ever." --- Father, v. 5. He knew that the Persians shewed great regard to the dead, (C. T.) whose bodies they sometimes cover with wax, and keep in their house, (Cic. Tusc. i. Alex. Genial iii. 2.) or inter. Herod. i. 140.

Ver. 4. Heaven, a fervent ejaculation, in secret, (T.) to touch the king's heart, (C.) and to enable me to speak in a proper manner. M.

Ver. 6. And, &c. In private the queen might dine with her husband, but not in public. Est. i. C. --- Queen; probably Esther, if she were married to this king. M. --- But this is uncertain. H. --- Usher thinks it was Damaspia, mentioned by Ctesias. C. --- Time, when I should return. Some king eight or ten years, and returned into Judea towards the end of the reign of Artaxerxes. C. xiii. 6. C. --- He perhaps asked permission to visit Jerusalem for only a short period, at first, but his presence being deemed necessary, he was permitted to continue there as governor full twelve years. M.

Ver. 7. Over; give me a guard, (H.) or accompany me to Jerusalem. M.

Ver. 8. Forest. Heb. pordes, "paradise," or garden planted with trees. Pliny (v. 23.) mentions a "paradise," in Cœlosyria. Grot. --- But Nehemias might petition to be supplied with cedars from Libanus, (T.) as they had been given for the temple. 1 Esd. iii. 7. H. --- Tower. Heb. bira, means also "a palace or temple." It may designate the porch of the temple, which was 120 cubits high; (2 Par. iii. 4. C.) though that had been lately repaired by Esdras. M. --- Others think the doors of the courts are meant, as they were as strong as those of towers. Vatab. --- They were not yet finished. C. x. 9. Many believe that (C.) Nehemias speaks of the royal palace, which had been almost contiguous to the temple, (M.) where he intended to build one for himself, while he should reside in the city. T. --- But this might give umbrage to the king. C. --- He could not, however, intend his favourite to remain without a suitable palace; and the latter seems to have designed not only to repair that which Solomon had founded, but also to erect another house for the governor. H. --- Good hand; favour, (M.) and powerful aid. H.

Ver. 10. Horonite, a native, not (C.) a petty king (Grot.) of Horonaim, in the country of Moab. Jer. xlviii. 3. He must have been very old, if he lived till the temple was built at Garizim: (Josephus and Scaliger) but Petau supposes that there were two of the name. --- Servant; an officer appointed over the Samaritans, as well as Sanaballat. The Persian monarchs styled all their subjects servants or slaves. C. --- Grieved. Thus unbelievers repine when any one endeavours to propagate the truth, (H.) or to establish the Church. W.

Ver. 12. Any man, at Jerusalem, (v. 16.) though he had informed the king, v. 8. H. --- No beast; that none might be alarmed.

Ver. 13. Valley of Cedron, on the east, (C.) or west, near Calvary. M. T. --- Dragon. Heb. Tannin, or "great fish," which might be kept there, unless the fountain was famous for the appearance of some dragon, or the water proceeded from the mouth of a brazen one. Sept. have read thanim, "figs." The fountain of Siloc might have many names. C. --- Viewed. Sept. "I walked upon the wall of Jerusalem, which these men are demolishing or clearing away," &c. H.

Ver. 14. Aqueduct, or reservoir, made by Ezechias. 2 Par. xxxii. 30.

Ver. 15. Torrent of Cedron, having gone round the city. C.

Ver. 16. Magistrates. Sept. "guards." Seganim denotes various officers. C. --- Work, or to any workmen. H. --- None were now employed. T.

Ver. 18. Hand. God had manifested his goodness and power, at the court of Persia. W.

Ver. 19. Arabian governor. He afterwards accuses Nehemias. C. vi. 6. C.

Ver. 20. Answered. Sept. "returned them an account (logon) ...we are his pure servants, and we will build." H. --- Part, or business. 1 Esd. iv. 4. --- Justice, or right to the city. C. --- You may mind your own affairs. T. - Remembrance. It was esteemed a high honour to be a citizen of Jerusalem. Ps. lxxxvi. 5.

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