#inchcape rock

[rosewind2007]

Back in 2021 the Science Museum promoted their “never been seen” project, where you could be randomly assigned an item from their online collection which had zero clicks—then you got a pixelated image you could click on to get details—it was a nice way of engaging people with unappreciated items

I clicked and got a rather unexciting looking oblong

I clicked on it and got a calling card which was described as belonging to Japetus Steenstrup

Carte de Visite portrait of Japetus Steenstrup

Now call me weird (you wouldn’t be the first) BUT that name rang a bell, the sort of bell Sir Ralph the Rover might hear ringing his knell*

i checked, and then I contacted the Science Museum to let them know that this Japetus was no other than Kraken-man!

And the Science Museum (to my utter delight) let me know they’d updated their description accordingly:

Yay Science Museum!

*Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair,

He curst himself in his despair;

The waves rush in on every side,

The ship is sinking beneath the tide.

But even is his dying fear,

One dreadful sound could the Rover hear;

A sound as if with the Inchcape Bell,

The Devil below was ringing his knell.

Poem: Inchcape Rock, Robert Southey

[ltwilliammowett]

Rooms in a Lighthouse

Although the buildings of lighthouses differ depending on their location and purpose, they generally have common components. However, a distinction must also be made between a lighthouse station consisting of the lighthouse and all the outbuildings such as the lighthouse keeper's house, the fuel house, the boathouse and the building for fog signalling, i.e. a land station, and an inhabited lighthouse as it was found at sea.

Sections of Bell Rock and Skerryvore Lighthouses, date 1884

Skerryvore is a remote reef that lies off the west coast of Scotland, 12 miles (19 kilometres) south-west of the island of Tiree. Skerryvore is best known as the name given to the lighthouse on the skerry, built with some difficulty between 1838 and 1844 by Alan Stevenson.

The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, Scotland, is the world's oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse. It was built between 1807 and 1810 by Robert Stevenson on the Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 11 miles (18 km) east of the Firth of Tay. Standing 35 metres (115 ft) tall, its light is visible from 35 statute miles (56 km) inland.

If you are only dealing with an inhabited tower, you usually have the following rooms in it. Please note that, apart from the lantern room, there is no standardised scheme and the rooms were often arranged differently.

The lantern room is the glazed housing at the top of the lighthouse that contains the lamp and the lens. The glass panes are held in place by vertical or diagonal metal rungs. A lightning conductor and an earthing system, which are connected to the metal roof of the dome, ensure that any lightning strikes are safely discharged.

Sections of the Eddystone Lighthouse of 1759 and 1884

Immediately below the lantern room is usually a guard room where fuel and other supplies were stored and where the keeper prepared the lanterns for the night and often kept watch. The clockwork (for turning the lenses) was also located there. On a lighthouse there is often an open platform, the gallery, outside the watchroom (main gallery) or the lantern room (lantern gallery). It was mainly used to clean the outside of the lantern room windows. Below this was a living room, bedroom, possibly a separate kitchen, if not a cooking area was accommodated in the living room. In addition, there were often several storage rooms, an oil room (where the oil for the lantern were storaged) and a coal room. And if you're wondering where the bathroom was - well there wasn't one, there was a wash bowl, possibly a wooden tub for an occasional bath, but rarely, and chamber pots in the bedroom.

Life in a lighthouse at sea was not easy and managed to bring many an old sea dog to his knees. The lighthouse keepers on land had it much easier.

[scotianostra]

The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, was first lit on the 1st of February 1811.

Over 200 years after it was first built, the Bell Rock Lighthouse still stands - proudly flashing its warning light. Eleven miles out to sea off the east coast of Scotland, it is a remarkable sight - a white stone tower over 30m (100ft) high, rising seemingly without support out of the North Sea.

In fact, it is precariously poised on a treacherous sandstone reef, which, except at low tides, lies submerged just beneath the waves.

The treacherous reef on which it stands is in the North Sea, between the Firths of Forth and Tay, some 12 miles south of Arbroath and 14 miles south east of St Andrews. The red sandstone outcrop is 435m long and the lighthouse is founded on the main section, 130m long and 70m wide, and only 1.2m above the surface at low water spring tide.

The reef was known originally as Inchcape Rock or Cape Rock. According to tradition, in the 14th century the Abbot of Aberbrothok (Arbroath) placed a floating bell on it to warn mariners, hence its present name. Legend has it that sometime later a Dutch pirate removed the bell but he was later shipwrecked and perished on the same reef. The rocks were dangerous to ships sailing along the east coast of Scotland and by the end of the 18th century the need for a lighthouse was clear.

A severe storm in December 1799, in which about 70 vessels were wrecked, prompted Stevenson to propose a beacon-style lighthouse on six cast iron pillars.

Stevenson submitted a scale model of his idea to the Northern Lighthouse Board in summer 1800 — accurate physical modelling was to become something he often employed subsequently on important projects.

Stevenson drew the inspiration for his lighthouse design from the Eddystone Lighthouse, off the coast of Cornwall.

Built 50 years earlier by John Smeaton, this was a milestone in lighthouse design. Shaped with the now classic wide base, tapering to a narrow tower (Smeaton had modelled it on an oak tree he had witnessed defying a storm), it was the only off-shore structure that had until then managed to survive for any length of time against the constant battering of the seas.

Stevenson elaborated on this design. His lighthouse would have to be higher, over 30m (100ft), if it was to survive the cruel waves of the North Sea. He also incorporated more efficient reflectors, using the latest oil lighting technology, which would make his beacon the brightest yet seen.

But the Northern Lighthouse Board rejected the plan outright; in their eyes Stevenson was attempting the impossible, and besides, it was going to cost the huge sum of £42,685 and 8 shillings.

The rock had to claim another victim before the Board revisited Stevenson's plans. In 1804 the huge 64-gun HMS York was ripped apart on the rock, with the loss of all 491 crew. The NLB could delay no longer. Britain's most eminent engineer, John Rennie, was invited to give his advice.

Rennie had never actually built a lighthouse, but the Board was so impressed by his record that he was given the job of chief engineer. Robert Stevenson was to work as his resident engineer.

History does not record Stevenson's reaction to the news, but it must have come as a bitter blow to this ambitious young man. What history does record is that the structure on Bell Rock came to be known not as Rennie's but as Stevenson's Lighthouse.

Work started in 1807 and what followed was a four-year epic, with work severely restricted by tides that on occasion submerged the rock’s surface to twelve feet. The offshore activity only proceed during the summer months, and even then only with difficulty. Poor weather in the summer of 1808 allowed only 80 hours of work were completed.

To avoid time lost in shuttling workers to and fro Stevenson built a temporary wooden “Beacon House” on the rock and this served as both a base of operations and living quarters for fifteen men. As this structure (see illustrations) was also exposed to storms during the construction period, residence on it must have in itself have been a nightmare. During the winter months Stevenson kept his crews busy ashore, dressing the individual granite blocks needed for the tower. The total number required was some 2500 and all were drawn to the dockside by one of the unsung heroes of the project, a horse called Bassey.

The lighthouse came into service in 1810 and was to fulfil its purpose very effectively. Between then and 1914 only a single ship was lost on the rock, a steamer called the Rosecraig that ran aground during a fog in 1908, fortunately without loss of life.

The light has now operated for 212 years and has undergone many significant and ingenious upgrades and changes, some of them even being undertaken by non-Stevenson engineers. It was a manned light for 177 years, the lives of those keepers on their temporary Alcatraz being a source of equal fascination

The lighthouse was manned until 1988, when the station turned automatic and the last men were withdrawn.

[danskjavlarna]

Pirate Ralph the Rover cutting the Abbot of Arbroath's warning bell from Scotland's Inchcape Rock in the 14th century. 

Source details and larger version.

It rings true: my collection of bells ringing through time.

[reefoasisdivingcenter]

Join us for a diving adventure at Reef Oasis Diving Center in Fujairah and discover the area's dive sites, including Snoopy Deep Reef, Inchcape 1, Sharm Rocks, Dibba Rocks, Martini Rock, and Hole in the Wall. Many more dive sites in Fujairah awaits your exploration. Delight in unlimited water, juices, and conclude your experience with a light BBQ lunch.

[divecenteruae]

Why Fujairah is the Best Place for Snorkeling and Diving in the UAE

Regarding snorkeling and diving, the UAE offers some exceptional spots, but none quite match the underwater splendor of Fujairah. Nestled along the Gulf of Oman, Fujairah's unique marine ecosystem, clear waters, and accessible dive sites make it the ultimate destination for underwater adventures.

Unique Marine Biodiversity

Fujairah's marine biodiversity is a treasure trove of unique species. The Gulf of Oman, where Fujairah is nestled, is a habitat for a myriad of marine life, from vibrant corals to colorful fish, turtles, and even occasional sightings of whale sharks. This distinct biodiversity ensures that every snorkeling and diving trip is a new adventure, with something unique to discover each time.

Clear Waters and Optimal Conditions

The waters around Fujairah are not just clear, they are remarkably clear, often boasting visibility of over 20 meters. This crystal-clear clarity ensures a safe and comfortable snorkeling and diving experience, allowing enthusiasts to fully appreciate the stunning underwater landscapes. The water temperature, ranging from 22°C to 28°C year-round, adds to the comfort, making it ideal for extended periods of exploration.

Top Snorkeling and Diving Spots in Fujairah

Fujairah is dotted with several prime snorkeling and diving locations, each offering unique underwater experiences.

Snorkeling Snoopy Island

Snoopy Island, aptly named for its resemblance to the cartoon character, is a top spot for snorkeling. Its proximity to the shore makes it easily accessible, and the surrounding coral reefs are home to an array of marine life, including blacktip reef sharks, parrotfish, and cuttlefish. The island's shallow waters and gentle currents make it perfect for beginners and families.

Snorkeling Dibba Rock

Dibba Rock is another excellent snorkeling destination. This small rocky island is surrounded by a reef teeming with life. Snorkelers can expect to see turtles, stingrays, and a variety of fish species. The rock's sheltered position often ensures calm waters, providing an ideal snorkeling experience for all skill levels.

Diving Dibba Rock

Dibba Rock is not just for snorkelers; it's also a favorite among divers. The site features beautiful coral gardens and a diverse marine ecosystem. Divers may explore deeper regions around the rock and meet reef sharks, moray eels, and schools of barracuda. The best time to dive here is from October to April, when visibility is at its peak.

Diving Martini Rock

Martini Rock is renowned for its dramatic underwater topography and rich marine life. The site's large boulders and vibrant corals attract a variety of species, including lionfish, pufferfish, and sometimes even whale sharks. Divers of all levels can enjoy Martini Rock, though it's particularly rewarding for those with some experience due to the occasional strong currents.

Inchcape 1 and Inchcape 2

These artificial reefs, created from sunken ships, offer an entirely different diving experience. Over the years, they've become thriving marine habitats. Divers can explore these wrecks, encountering schools of fish, rays, and intriguing macro life. The depth and conditions of these sites make them more suitable for advanced divers.

Snorkeling and Diving Tours in Fujairah

For those who want to make the most of their underwater experience, snorkeling and diving tours in Fujairah are highly recommended. These tours, organized by various dive centers, offer guided experiences that ensure you see the best of what Fujairah's waters have to offer. From exploring vibrant coral reefs to encountering unique marine species, these tours provide a comprehensive and unforgettable underwater adventure.

Snorkeling Tour UAE

Several tour operators offer snorkeling tours in Fujairah, providing all necessary equipment and guidance. These tours are perfect for those new to snorkeling or those looking to explore multiple sites in one trip. Tour guides are knowledgeable about the local marine life and can enhance your experience with their expertise.

Diving Centers in Fujairah

Fujairah is home to numerous reputable diving centers that cater to all levels of divers. Some of the top centers include:

- Aquanauts: Known for their professional staff and comprehensive diving packages.

- Divers Down: Offers a range of diving experiences and certifications.

- Freestyle Divers: Focuses on personalized diving adventures and marine conservation.

Pleasure Diving in Fujairah

Pleasure diving, or recreational diving, is particularly enjoyable in Fujairah due to its relaxed atmosphere and stunning underwater scenes. Whether exploring colorful coral reefs, diving historic wrecks, or simply enjoying the tranquility of the underwater world, Fujairah offers a perfect setting for a memorable diving experience.

Safety Tips for Snorkeling and Diving in Fujairah

Safety should always be a priority when engaging in snorkeling and diving activities. Here are some essential tips:

- Check your equipment: Ensure all your snorkeling and diving gear is in good working condition.

- Dive within your limits: Stick to snorkeling and diving sites that match your skill level.

- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water before and after your dive.

- Be aware of your surroundings: Watch out for boat traffic and other divers.

- Respect marine life: Avoid touching corals or disturbing marine animals.

Best Time to Snorkel and Dive in Fujairah

The best time to snorkel and dive in Fujairah is from October to April. During these months, water conditions are optimal, with excellent visibility and comfortable temperatures. However, diving and snorkeling are possible year-round, with each season offering unique underwater experiences.

Marine Conservation Efforts

Fujairah is not just a paradise for snorkeling and diving, it's also a champion of marine conservation. The city has several initiatives aimed at protecting its underwater ecosystems. As divers and snorkelers, we can play a crucial role by practicing responsible diving, participating in beach clean-up events, and supporting local conservation projects. This way, we can ensure that future generations can also enjoy the beauty of Fujairah's marine life.

Fujairah is undoubtedly the best place for snorkeling and diving in the UAE. Its clear waters, rich marine biodiversity, and accessible dive sites make it an underwater paradise. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced diver, Fujairah offers something for everyone. So, pack your gear, head to Fujairah, and dive into an unforgettable underwater adventure.

[eshawrites]

It was ninth grade, English class, and a very windy day. Our teacher recounted the final stanzas of Inchcape Rock, where a pirate who had committed multiple wicked deeds was captured in a tempest. Our classroom was on the ground floor and had large glass windows overlooking the grounds. It was around 9 a.m., first period, and in the midst of our poetry lesson we could see the sky turning it's colour into a dark shade of pitch black and the wind picking up pace, causing the trees to sway from side to side violently. The class lights went out, and we all began hooting and shohting astounded at the poetic justice that the weather had served.

I was reminded of this incident as today began with thunder and an overcast sky. If only I could go back to these instances that have been etched in my memory forever.

[adventureshub]

Choosing the Right Wetsuit for Your UAE Scuba Diving Adventures

Embarking on scuba diving adventures in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) offers a captivating journey through crystal-clear waters teeming with vibrant marine life and stunning underwater landscapes. Whether exploring the coral reefs of Fujairah, the wrecks off Dubai's coast, or the abundant marine biodiversity around Abu Dhabi, one essential consideration for any diver is selecting the right scuba diving equipment. The UAE's unique blend of warm waters and varying diving conditions demands careful consideration when choosing the perfect wetsuit to ensure comfort, protection, and optimal performance throughout your underwater explorations. 

Best Scuba Diving Spots in the UAE

Exploring Fujairah's Coral Reefs

Fujairah stands out as a diver's paradise in the UAE, boasting pristine coral reefs and an abundance of marine life. Dive sites such as Martini Rock, Shark Island, and Dibba Rock offer unparalleled opportunities to witness colorful corals, majestic rays, and an array of tropical fish species. When diving in Fujairah's warm waters, a wetsuit with a lighter thickness is often preferable to ensure comfort without overheating. Look for a 3mm or 5mm wetsuit made from flexible neoprene for maximum mobility as you navigate through Fujairah's captivating underwater landscapes.

Wreck Diving Adventures in Dubai

Dubai's coastline is dotted with intriguing wreck sites waiting to be explored by adventurous divers. From the infamous Inchcape 1 shipwreck to the artificial reef created by the sinking of the USS Liberty, Dubai offers an exciting array of wreck diving opportunities. When gearing up for a dive in Dubai's waters, consider a wetsuit with slightly thicker neoprene, around 5mm to 7mm, to provide adequate insulation against cooler temperatures at depth. Additionally, opt for wetsuits with reinforced knee pads and durable construction to withstand the rigors of exploring wreck sites.

Rich Marine Biodiversity in Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi's marine environment is a haven for divers seeking encounters with a diverse range of marine species. Dive sites such as the Bu Tinah Shoals and Sir Bani Yas Island are renowned for their vibrant coral gardens, schools of fish, and occasional encounters with larger marine creatures like turtles and sharks. Given the varied diving conditions in Abu Dhabi, from shallow reefs to deeper drop-offs, a versatile wetsuit with a thickness ranging from 3mm to 5mm is ideal. Look for wetsuits with features like adjustable neck closures and seamless construction for enhanced comfort during extended dives.

Where to Buy Scuba Diving Gear in the UAE

When it comes to purchasing scuba diving gear in the UAE, several reputable stores cater to the needs of divers of all experience levels. In Dubai, establishments like Adventure HQ, Al  Boom Diving, and Deep Blue Sea Diving are popular choices, offering a wide range of wetsuits, masks, fins, and other essential diving equipment. Abu Dhabi boasts stores such as Divers Down and Al Mahara Diving Center, which are known for their knowledgeable staff and comprehensive selection of dive gear. 

Adventures Hub is a renowned destination for scuba diving enthusiasts in the UAE, offering a wide range of high-quality diving gear to cater to divers of all levels of expertise. Situated in strategic locations across Dubai and Abu Dhabi, Adventures Hub prides itself on providing top-notch scuba diving equipment that combines performance, durability, and comfort for an unparalleled underwater experience. 

Conclusion:

Embarking on scuba diving adventures in the United Arab Emirates promises an unforgettable journey into a world of underwater wonders. From the coral reefs of Fujairah to the wreck sites of Dubai and the rich marine biodiversity of Abu Dhabi, each destination offers unique experiences for divers of all skill levels. Selecting the right wetsuit is crucial to ensure comfort, protection, and optimal performance throughout your underwater explorations in the UAE's warm waters and varying diving conditions. With reputable stores like Adventure HQ, Al Boom Diving, and Adventures Hub offering a wide range of high-quality scuba diving gear, divers can rest assured that they are well-equipped to dive into the captivating depths of the UAE's crystal-clear seas. 

[starburns]

desi, specifically desi icse culture is trying to stop yourself from laughing at the word 'gay' when the teacher is teaching the inchcape rock

[geologyedinburgh]

A walk along the Seaton Cliffs

A walk along the Seaton Cliffs

I walk across the cliffs of Angus from the smokie town o’ Arbroath, Towards the fishing cottages of Auchmithie, In-between lie mighty cliffs, Of sandstone and conglomerate adrift. Great features litter the coast: Needle E’e, Mermaid’s Kirk, Deil’s Heid and The Sphinx, With the Masons’ Cave hiding many a secret! The wind howls through the caves and stone arches like a ghostly piper, Labyrinths running out to the open seas for 15,000 years. The ocean like a great mason carved out the cliffs, Before hand, the ice shaped the coast, When its miles tall blanket covered Scotland…

The Sun is sinking, quick, bellow the horizon where the water and the land meet.

The rocks are divided into the two, like the mainland of Caledonia, The Lower Devonian is blood red, cross bedded sandstone, 410 million years old! With the middle missing, an Unconformity! Millions of years cast into the wind! The Upper Devonian is all conglomerate, 370 million years old when Scotland was at the equator under the tropical sun! The nation was part of an auld continent in the name of Laurentia, While England was part of the continent Avalonia, Both nations an ocean apart, Until the seas of the Iapetus closed under miles of grinding rock, Giving birth to volcanoes, mountain ranges, Beaches upon which life first walked, Tiny little lizards, tetrapods, Now little fossils in the river beds, hidden in Romer’s gap. Trapping many little worlds of stone, The multi coloured little pebble clasts, in the conglomerate contain many a wonder, From Granites to the odd Metamorphics, years in the billions, All from mountains as tall as the Himalayas, Now long gone, carried away by mighty rivers.

Dusk has came, as the Sun is gone, with seagulls settling back into their nests, Salty air tingles the nostrils with a bit of seaweed mixed in, The gentle sounds of the ocean splash away at the feet of the cliffs. Like an orchestra playing a tune, it is the song of the sea.

The cliffs play a testimony to the history of Scotland, My mind’s eye fill with the spirits of the past: … A Roman, in full armour just walked past, observing the fleet of Agricola as they sail up to Aberdeen. … A group of Picts are in a hurry to raise a tall standing stone with the Cross of St. Columba, … Viking armada, full of brave Danes, sails on the harbour, drums pounding, a guide through the cliffs. … Suddenly a monk shuffles past, rail lines run into the cliffs, as workmen cut stone for the new Abbey. … King Robert the Bruce, looks out onto the shores, as a boat, with a Declaration leaves for Avignon. … Ralph the Rover cuts down the Abbot’s warning bell over the Inchcape Rock, later, sealing his own doom! … A marry band of soldiers singing in Gaelic, clad in Tartan, march down the road for the rising of ’45, … Followed by Robert Burns as he profusely takes notes, grumbling about the weather in Scots. … Men with torches rush past me, as down below, screams, baskets lowered, to haul mariners to safety. … Sir Walter Scott rides past on horseback, as he is seeking the Inn Waverley, in Auchmithie. … Suddenly in the far distance, a blinking, pulsating light, the Bell Rock lighthouse rises out of the sea, … The Cutty Sark, the clipper ship, races across the waters, bringing tea from the Far East, … Sails give away to steam, as wood gives away to metal hull, a fishing fleet presses ahead, … The RNLI lifeboat speeds out onto open water, towards the souls, onboard the wrecked HMS Argyll, … In the sky, two Spitfires pursue a Messerschmitt, a kill shot, as the Iron Cross crashes into the fields. … As I walk ahead, a group of young lads carry the Stone of Destiny, as they disappear into the haar… I am alone again on the wide-open coastal path.

The full Moon is up in the sky, reflecting on the tranquil ocean, as it lights my path.

As I head away into the night, I hear the reverberation of a ghostly sound:

A native of Arbroath, the voice of Andy Stewart, echoing through the cliffs: “But gin ye permit me, tae gang a wee bit-tie, I’d show you the road, and the miles to Dundee…”

[thesquireofcheddar]

The Inchcape Rock Robert Southey (1774–1843)

NO stir in the air, no stir in the sea, The ship was still as she could be; Her sails from heaven received no motion; Her keel was steady in the ocean.

Without either sign or sound of their shock,        5 The waves flowed over the Inchcape Rock; So little they rose, so little they fell, They did not move the Inchcape Bell.

The Abbot of Aberbrothok Had placed that bell on the Inchcape Rock;        10 On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung, And over the waves its warning rung.

When the rock was hid by the surge’s swell, The mariners heard the warning bell; And then they knew the perilous rock,        15 And blest the Abbot of Aberbrothok.

The sun in heaven was shining gay; All things were joyful on that day; The sea-birds screamed as they wheeled round, And there was joyance in their sound.        20

The buoy of the Inchcape Bell was seen, A darker speck on the ocean green: Sir Ralph the Rover walked his deck, And he fixed his eye on the darker speck.

He felt the cheering power of spring;        25 It made him whistle, it made him sing: His heart was mirthful to excess, But the Rover’s mirth was wickedness.

His eye was on the Inchcape float; Quoth he, “My men, put out the boat,        30 And row me to the Inchcape Rock, And I ’ll plague the Abbot of Aberbrothok.”

The boat is lowered, the boatmen row, And to the Inchcape Rock they go; Sir Ralph bent over from the boat,        35 And he cut the bell from the Inchcape float.

Down sunk the bell with a gurgling sound; The bubbles rose and burst around: Quoth Sir Ralph, “The next who comes to the rock Won’t bless the Abbot of Aberbrothok.”        40

Sir Ralph the Rover sailed away; He scoured the seas for many a day; And now, grown rich with plundered store, He steers his course for Scotland’s shore.

So thick a haze o’erspreads the sky,        45 They cannot see the sun on high: The wind hath blown a gale all day; At evening it hath died away.

On the deck the Rover takes his stand; So dark it is, they see no land.        50 Quoth Sir Ralph, “It will be lighter soon, For there is the dawn of the rising moon.”

“Canst hear,” said one, “the breakers roar? For methinks we should be near the shore.” “Now where we are I cannot tell,        55 But I wish I could hear the Inchcape Bell.”

They hear no sound; the swell is strong; Though the wind hath fallen, they drift along, Till the vessel strikes with a shivering shock: “O Christ! it is the Inchcape Rock!”        60

Sir Ralph the Rover tore his hair, He curst himself in his despair: The waves rush in on every side; The ship is sinking beneath the tide.

But even in his dying fear        65 One dreadful sound could the Rover hear,— A sound as if, with the Inchcape Bell, The Devil below was ringing his knell.

[ncertsolutionsbook]

ICSE Class 10 English Solutions The Inchcape Rock

ICSE Class 10 English SolutionsThe Inchcape Rock [Poem] Passage 1 Question 1 Read the extract and answer the questions that follow: No stir in the air, no stir in the sea, The Ship was still as she could be; Her sails from heaven received no motion, Her keel was steady in the ocean. Without either …

[profamer]

TODAY'S SHORT STORY: THE INCHCAPE ROCK #saturdayshortstory #ingles #shortstory

TODAY’S SHORT STORY: THE INCHCAPE ROCK #saturdayshortstory #ingles #shortstory

In the North Sea there is a great rock called the Inch-cape Rock. It is twelve miles from any land, and is covered most of the time with water.Many boats and ships have been wrecked on that rock; for it is so near the top of the water that no vessel can sail over it without striking it.More than a hundred years ago there lived not far away a kind-heart-ed man who was called the Abbot of…

[scotianostra]

The Bell Rock Lighthouse, off the coast of Angus, was first lit on the 1st of February 1811.

Over 200 years after it was first built, the Bell Rock Lighthouse still stands - proudly flashing its warning light. Eleven miles out to sea off the east coast of Scotland, it is a remarkable sight - a white stone tower over 30m (100ft) high, rising seemingly without support out of the North Sea.

In fact, it is precariously poised on a treacherous sandstone reef, which, except at low tides, lies submerged just beneath the waves.

The treacherous reef on which it stands is in the North Sea, between the Firths of Forth and Tay, some 12 miles south of Arbroath and 14 miles south east of St Andrews. The red sandstone outcrop is 435m long and the lighthouse is founded on the main section, 130m long and 70m wide, and only 1.2m above the surface at low water spring tide.

The reef was known originally as Inchcape Rock or Cape Rock. According to tradition, in the 14th century the Abbot of Aberbrothok  (Arbroath) placed a floating bell on it to warn mariners, hence its present name. Legend has it that sometime later a Dutch pirate removed the bell but he was later shipwrecked and perished on the same reef. The rocks were dangerous to ships sailing along the east coast of Scotland and by the end of the 18th century the need for a lighthouse was clear.

A severe storm in December 1799, in which about 70 vessels were wrecked, prompted Stevenson to propose a beacon-style lighthouse on six cast iron pillars.

Stevenson submitted a scale model of his idea to the Northern Lighthouse Board in summer 1800 — accurate physical modelling was to become something he often employed subsequently on important projects.

Stevenson drew the inspiration for his lighthouse design from the Eddystone Lighthouse, off the coast of Cornwall.

Built 50 years earlier by John Smeaton, this was a milestone in lighthouse design. Shaped with the now classic wide base, tapering to a narrow tower (Smeaton had modelled it on an oak tree he had witnessed defying a storm), it was the only off-shore structure that had until then managed to survive for any length of time against the constant battering of the seas.

Stevenson elaborated on this design. His lighthouse would have to be higher, over 30m (100ft), if it was to survive the cruel waves of the North Sea. He also incorporated more efficient reflectors, using the latest oil lighting technology, which would make his beacon the brightest yet seen.

But the Northern Lighthouse Board rejected the plan outright; in their eyes Stevenson was attempting the impossible, and besides, it was going to cost the huge sum of £42,685 and 8 shillings.

The rock had to claim another victim before the Board revisited Stevenson's plans. In 1804 the huge 64-gun HMS York was ripped apart on the rock, with the loss of all 491 crew. The NLB could delay no longer. Britain's most eminent engineer, John Rennie, was invited to give his advice.

Rennie had never actually built a lighthouse, but the Board was so impressed by his record that he was given the job of chief engineer. Robert Stevenson was to work as his resident engineer.

History does not record Stevenson's reaction to the news, but it must have come as a bitter blow to this ambitious young man. What history does record is that the structure on Bell Rock came to be known not as Rennie's but as Stevenson's Lighthouse.

Work started in 1807 and what followed was a four-year epic, with work severely restricted by tides that on occasion submerged the rock’s surface to twelve feet. The offshore activity only proceed during the summer months, and even then only with difficulty. Poor weather in the summer of 1808 allowed only 80 hours of work were completed.

To avoid time lost in shuttling workers to and fro Stevenson built a temporary wooden “Beacon House” on the rock and this served as both a base of operations and living quarters for fifteen men. As this structure (see illustrations) was also exposed to storms during the construction period, residence on it must have in itself have been a nightmare. During the winter months Stevenson kept his crews busy ashore, dressing the individual granite blocks needed for the tower. The total number required was some 2500 and all were drawn to the dockside by one of the unsung heroes of the project, a horse called Bassey.

The lighthouse came into service in 1810 and was to fulfil its purpose very effectively. Between then and 1914 only a single ship was lost on the rock, a steamer called the Rosecraig that ran aground during a fog in 1908, fortunately without loss of life.  

The light has now operated for 212 years and has undergone many significant and ingenious upgrades and changes, some of them even being undertaken by non-Stevenson engineers. It was a manned light for 177 years, the lives of those keepers on their temporary Alcatraz being a source of equal fascination

The lighthouse was manned until 1988, when the station turned automatic and the last men were withdrawn.

[divecenteruae]

Dive Like a Professional: Expert Tips & ; Tricks for Exploring Fujairah

When diving Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates, Fujairah stands out as a gem for underwater enthusiasts. Tucked away on the calm Gulf of Oman shoreline, Fujairah offers pristine seas, an abundance of marine life, and a wealth of diving spots just waiting to be discovered. Whether you're a seasoned diver or a novice looking to dive into new adventures, Fujairah offers an unparalleled experience that is sure to leave you in awe. This blog post will delve into expert tips and tricks to help you dive like a professional and maximize your underwater exploration in Fujairah.

1. Choose the Right Dive Center:

It's important to pick a reliable dive center that will guarantee your safety and deliver you an unforgettable experience before starting your diving trip in Fujairah. One such dive business is Aquanauts, a well-known dive shop in the United Arab Emirates that prides itself on its professionalism, knowledgeable instructors, and top-notch gear.You can be confident that you are in excellent hands and will have access to the greatest diving options in Fujairah by choosing a reputable dive center like Aquanauts.

2. Dive Sites in Fujairah:

There are many different types of Diving UAE sites in Fujairah, suitable for novices as well as experienced divers. One of the most popular dive sites is the Inchcape 2 wreck, an artificial reef teeming with marine life such as barracuda, jacks, and colorful coral formations. For experienced divers seeking a thrilling adventure, the Dibba Rock dive site offers the chance to encounter sharks, rays, and other large pelagic species. Whether you prefer exploring wrecks, caves, or reefs, Fujairah has something for everyone.

3. Plan Your Dive:

Proper planning is key to a successful dive, especially when exploring unfamiliar waters like Fujairah. Before Deep Dive Dubai, check the weather conditions, currents, and visibility at your chosen dive site. Think of things like the depth, temperature, and types of marine life you could see during your dive. To guarantee a fun and safe underwater experience, create a dive plan that includes entrance and departure spots, maximum depth, bottom time, and safety stops.

4. Gear Up for Success:

Having the right diving gear is essential for a safe and comfortable dive. Check your equipment before each dive to ensure it is working well. If renting gear from a Dive Shop UAE, verify that it fits properly and meets your needs. Aquanauts, a renowned dive shop in UAE, offers a wide range of high-quality diving equipment for rent or purchase, ensuring that you are well-equipped for your underwater adventures in Fujairah.

5. Dive Safely:

Safety should always be a top priority when diving, regardless of your experience level. Practice proper dive techniques, such as appropriate buoyancy control, equalization, and communication with your diving buddy. In order to reduce the possibility of mishaps, always dive within your comfort zone and adhere to recognized diving procedures. Be aware of your surroundings, watch your air supply, and ascend slowly to avoid decompression sickness.

6. Preserve the Marine Environment:

As divers, we are responsible for protecting the delicate marine ecosystem and promoting sustainable diving practices. Respect marine life and underwater habitats by refraining from touching or disturbing creatures or coral reefs. Steer clear of items that might damage the environment, such sunscreen that contains dangerous chemicals. Take part in cleanup campaigns and lend your support to marine conservation projects to guarantee that Fujairah's undersea habitat remains beautiful for next generations as well.

In Conclusion:

Diving in Fujairah offers a unique opportunity to explore the mesmerizing underwater world of the UAE. By following expert tips and tricks, choosing the right dive center, planning your dive, gearing up properly, diving safely, and preserving the marine environment, you can dive professionally and make the most of your diving experience in Fujairah. Whether you're diving the wrecks of Inchcape 2, exploring the vibrant reefs of Dibba Rock, or simply enjoying the tranquility of the underwater landscape, Fujairah is sure to captivate your senses and leave you with unforgettable memories of your underwater adventures. With Aquanauts by your side, you may explore and uncover the mysteries of the magnificent underwater world of Fujairah, the diving paradise of the United Arab Emirates.

[chigley-six]

THE BELL ROCK LIGHTHOUSE, OFF THE COAST OF ANGUS, IS THE WORLD’S OLDEST SURVIVING SEAWASHED. IT WAS BUILT BETWEEN 1807 AND 1810 BY ROBERT STEVENSON ON THE BELL ROCK (AKA INCHCAPE) IN THE NORTH SEA, 11 MILES EAST OF THE FIRTH OF TAY. IT STANDS 115 FEET IN HEIGHT AND ITS VISIBLE LIGHT IS 35 STATUTE MILES INLAND.