#i made him from a william nui

[miwhotep]

And finally I have a Milverton nui doll too! 🥰

[clarklovescarole]

August 1939: Burglary and Appendicitis

August 1, 1939 – The Daily Argus

Clark Gable Nabs a Burglar; Wife Lombard Has a Good Laugh

Clark Gable and Carole Lombard, whose uproarious courtship was a matter of note, still enjoy a good laugh. 

They had it when the screen’s no. 1 male star turned he-man at home yesterday to overpower and disarm an eighteen-year-old Polish youth he found hiding in the closet of his dressing room.

“The madame thought it was quite funny, and she laughed when I called her at the studio,” Gale said. “She has a swell sense of humor, at all times.” 

The No. 1 he-man of the films thought it was funny, too, but he said he regretted that he had to turn Willard J. Broski over to the police. The officers said the youth probably would be given a psychiatric examination before any charges were filed. 

Gable had just finished a shower bath and was about to get into his clothes when he saw the door of his dressing room closet move and the tip of a man’s shoe protrude.

“Come out of there,” Gable yelled, advancing on the door. Broski came out and Gable leaped on him. A revolver, taken from the gun room of the Gables’ Van Nuys home, fell to the floor in the scuffle.

Broski got a good working over, but he was unhurt after Gable dragged him downstairs and held him until officers arrived. The actor said the youth told him he wanted money and hoped Gable would give him $15 or $20.

Carole had gone to her studio for scenes and missed all the action.

Broski said he was an unemployed cook’s helper and that he had “always wanted to see Gable but couldn’t meet him.”

August 4, 1939 – Los Angeles Times

Clark Gable Testifies Against Youth Captured in His Home

Clark Gable, screen actor, played to one of the smallest audiences in his career yesterday.

It was in the tiny Van Nuys courtroom when he was called before Municipal Judge William Frederickson at 10 a.m. as a witness against Willard J. Broski, 18, captured as a burglary suspect in his North Hollywood ranch home. 

The courtroom has seats to accommodate about 60 persons. Thirty of them were occupied when Broski’s preliminary hearing on a burglary charge was called. 

Gable, dressed in a gray sports coat, light gray slacks and open-front polo shirt, sat among the spectators awaiting his turn on the witness stand. He wore a mustache. He wasn’t annoyed by autograph hounds. He was pleasant but appeared not to like the role he was playing against the youth. 

From the witness stand, Gable calmly reiterated how he stepped from a shower in the master bedroom suite of his home last Monday to see a figure disappear behind a closet door.

“I yelled for the intruder to come out,” Gable testified. “As the door opened I grappled with the stranger. I noticed that he had one of my antique guns sticking from his belt.

“To protect myself, I grabbed him, threw him to the floor and disarmed him. That’s about all there was to it. I held him until the officers arrived.”

Detective Lieutenant Chester Welch, who, with Detective Lieutenant Paul Harrison, arrested Broski, Fannie Jacobson, a cook for Gable and his wife, Carole Lombard, and William Milner, the butler, were other witnesses. 

Judge Frederickson bound Broski over on a burglary charge to the Superior Court, where he will be arraigned in Division 41 on Aug. 19. 

August 5, 1939 – The Miami Herald

Carole Lombard Has Appendectomy 

Associated Press

“She’s okay,” said Clark Gable to friends who telephoned Friday at a hospital to ask about his wife, Carole Lombard. 

Miss Lombard, ill for two days and unable to work, was taken to the hospital late Thursday night for an emergency appendectomy. Gable sat up with her all night.

August 5, 1939 – The Plain Speaker

Carole Lombard, playing the role of a nurse in her new picture “Vigil In the Night,” is getting some firsthand, if painful, pointers in a hospital.

She was a patient, and convalescing well, at Good Samaritan Hospital today after an appendectomy made necessary by a sudden attack at her studio (RKO) Thursday afternoon.

Husband Clark Gable spent a restless night in her room after the operation but told friends today that she appeared to be out of danger. 

Miss Lombard complained to Director George Stevens Thursday that she was experiencing shooting pains in her right side. She went home and Gable rushed her to the hospital. The operation was performed less than an hour after her arrival. 

Her picture will be delayed two weeks by the operation.

August 6, 1939 – The Eugene Guard

Carole Lombard Ill; Can’t Study Role 

United Press

Carole Lombard, blonde movie actress wife of Clark Gable, was too ill from the effects of an emergency appendectomy today to study the nursing technique necessary to her role in a forthcoming picture.

She arrived at Good Samaritan hospital Thursday night in the real life role of a patient, doubled up with acute appendicitis pains. The operation was performed immediately while Gable paced the corridor outside the operating room.

Miss Lombard was to have begun a study today under auspices of the Good Samaritan nursing school staff to prepare herself for her portrayal of a nurse in the picture, “Vigil in the Night.” 

Gable appeared this morning, seated in her flower-banked room at the hospital, as the personification of the picture title; he was bleary-eyed, unshaven, and weary after his 48-hour vigil. 

Dr. Norman Williams, the operating surgeon, said Miss Lombard was showing a rapid recovery but would be too ill for the next 24 hours to study the technique of the young nurse flitting, not too calmly, around the handsome Gable’s chair. 

August 9, 1939 – Monticello Herald Journal

Don’t know if Carole Lombard and Clark Gable have hired the watchman yet, but they have bought a pair of bloodhounds trained for police work. You can hear them bay for about six miles, Carole says. Well, maybe not quite that far.

August 9, 1939 – Holyoke Daily Transcript

One of the funnier sidelights of Gable’s capture of the youthful gunman was overlooked. The intruder spent most of the night in Carole Lombard’s car in the garage. Less than 10 feet away peacefully slept Gable’s bulldog, Toughie. He never let out a single yelp of warning. 

Probably result of the little melodrama will be the hiring of a watchman at the star’s menage. Carole and Clark hated to have one around, but they are afraid that the ease with which the visitor roamed their house may put ideas into other heads.

August 20, 1939 – Atlantic City Press

Clark Gable and Carole Lombard romping around among the cows and chickens looks as happy as a couple of kids. Glanced over some 20 photographs of them the other day “down on the farm,” doing everything except milking the cow.

The expressions on their faces is a long way from the hectic squinting of eyes and corrugating of brows which have become the accustomed thing among actors, producers, directors, and who-not who bet on the horses practically every day. Hundreds of thousands of dollars change hands at the Hollywood track during the summer and at Santa Anita in the winter months, to say nothing of what goes on in little cubbyholes here and there where bookies hang out. Several producers have private wires in their offices, which would seem to be the height of something or other. Maybe it’s the reason for the “low high” in picture production the past few weeks.

August 20, 1939 – Detroit Free Press

Carole Lombard and Clark Gable have the right idea. They were observed having a picnic luncheon put up for them the other day at the Brown Derby in Hollywood. They were off to the Santa Susannah Mountains for a picnic instead of a trip to Europe which they had planned originally. They have decided to see America first and wait for the European war clouds to roll by.

August 25, 1939 – San Pedro News

Happiest man in town these days is Clark Gable, who after seven years of fruitless angling finally landed his first marlin swordfish – it weighed just under 200 pounds and battled more than two hours before coming to gaff…

August 29, 1939 – Daily Clintonian 

Now that Carole Lombard is on the mend, Clark Gable has gone to San Diego to try for marlin swordfish. He stayed in the adjoining room the whole time Carole was in the hospital…

[godsheadangel]

WORLDWIDE THE CHILDREN OF OUR GOD💫TRULY ARE [NUMBERING IN THE BILLIONS]

GOING WITHOUT [A DECENT ROOF] OVER THEIR HEADS, [CLOTHES] ON THEIR BACKS AND [HEALTHY FOOD] IN THEIR STOMACHS [LITTLE INNOCENT INFANTS BORN👣] ON THE COLDEST STREETS NEAR RATS AND DEADLY DISEASE💀

YET, IN AMERICA��🇸IN THE LAND OF PLENTY SATAN'S👹HEAD DEMONTRUMP👹THE EVIL GOP👹SENATE DEMONS👹AND ALSO YES MOST OF THE MAJOR MEDIA NETWORKS🛰

👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 PROCLAIM TO AMERICA🇺🇸AND THE WORLD☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝

ACCORDING TO THE STOCK MARKET THE ECONOMY IN AMERICA🇺🇸AND THE WORLD ARE AT ALL TIME HIGHS!!!!

🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩THESE ARE DEMON FABRICATED EVIL LIES [TOO FOOL THOSE] STILL SPIRITUALLY💫SLEEPING REFUSING TO OBEY OUR GOD💫🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩

YET, [THE MANY BILLIONS OF 👁GODS💫] OBEDIENT ONES SPIRITUALLY AWAKENED🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄🌄SEE AND WITNESS DAILY THE REAL TRUTH OF THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF HOMELESS IN AMERICA🇺🇸AND AROUND THE WORLD🌍

WE HAVE SEEN REAL GOOD ECONOMIES IN THE PAST AND EVERY SINGLE TIME ONE OF THE BEST INDICATORS WAS THE HOMELESS

🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩 THE CURRENT HOMELESSNESS NUMBERS IN AMERICA🇺🇸ARE SKY HIGH ☝ A REAL BAD 👉INDICATOR OF A LURKING RECESSION🇺🇸🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩🚩

🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸

WASHINGTON,DC - BOSTON - NEW YORK

PENNSYLVANIA - MAINE - MARYLAND -OHIO

FLORIDA - MICHIGAN - CONNECTICUT -IOWA

MASSACHUSETTS - INDIANA - NEW JERSEY

ILLINOIS - MINNESOTA - NEBRASKA

NORTH CAROLINA - OKLAHOMA - KANSAS

MISSOURI - TENNESSEE - LOUISIANA

ALABAMA - NORTH DAKOTA - UTAH

TEXAS - MISSISSIPPI - ARKANSAS

NEVADA - ARIZONA - NEW MEXICO

CALIFORNIA - OREGON - WASHINGTON

👉JUST A FEW OF THE STATES HIT HARD👈

👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇

"3RD WORLD🌍STYLE POVERTY IN A 1ST🇺🇸 WORLD🌎COUNTRY!"

"I MEAN THIS IS THE END OF IT RIGHT HERE WE'RE REALLY CLOSE TO THE END OF WHATEVER OUR EXISTENCE IS GOING TO BE

~A HOMELESS CHILD OF 👁GOD💫

BLESSINGS4 FOR HIM OUR GOD💫SAID!!!

🔷BLESSINGS4 ALL SEEN ON THIS VIDEO🔷

☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝

👁GODSAYS💫STOP🛑WATCHING THOSE MEDIA NETWORKS THAT ARE LYING ABOUT THE ECONOMY [WHEN YOU💞YOURSELF] [DO SO SEE THE HEAVENLY TRUTH] ON THE STREETS OR WHEN YOU ENTER A STORE!!!!!👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁

STOP🛑WATCHING THESE CHANNELS FOR SURELY [THERE ARE MANY FOUND] TELLING 👉THE REALITY TRUTH!!!👈

THE ECONOMY IS A DISASTER IN AMERICA!!! [ONLY THE RICH AND WEALTHY PROSPER💵] THATS WHY THEY CELEBRATE🎉SAYING ITS GOOD!!! YET GODS💫 MAJORITY SUFFER!!!

🇺🇸🇺🇸2020🇺🇸JOE C😇😇L BIDEN🇺🇸2020🇺🇸🇺🇸

🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸🇺🇸

WE STILL [LEAVE UNBLOTTED] IN THE LEAVES OF OUR [STATUTE BOOK] FOR THE REVERENCE AND ADMIRATION OF SUCCESSIVE AGES, THE JUST AND WHOLESOME LAW WHICH DECLARES THAT

👉[THE STURDY FELON] SHALL BE FED AND CLOTHED, AND [THE PENNILESS DEBTOR] SHALL BE LEFT TO DIE OF STARVATION AND NAKEDNESS. THIS IS NO FICTION.

~CHARLES DICKENS THE PICKWICK PAPERS

💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵

ONLINE RETURN$ THIS HOLIDAY🎉SEASON 👉TO HIT 41.6 BILLION���👈 GOOGLE IT!!!

♦AND THAT'S A ♦LOW END ESTIMATE♦

RETURNS ARE IN FULL SWING SINCE 12/26

💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵💵🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷NEW YEARS🎉DAY MORNING🌅 VISIT 9AM AT WAL-MART IN PANORAMA CITY STORE MY HEAVENLY POWER FISTS🤜WILL BE OUT OF MY POCKET AS I SHOP COMFORTABLY!!!

GODSAYS💫SOMEONE WILL BECOME SO A REAL EXAMPLE FOR THE ENTIRE WORLD🌎👉SO THAT EVERYONE LIVING ON EARTH🌍WILL KNOW THAT MY PLANS WILL HAPPEN BRING THYSELF DEMON👹AND SATAN'S👹 PLANS👹MY ANGEL WILL BE SO THERE💀 🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜💀💀💀🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛📖📖📖📖 PROVERBS 24:20 KJV 📖📖📖📖

FOR THERE SHALL BE NO REWARD TO THE EVIL MAN; THE CANDLE OF THE WICKED SHALL BE PUT OUT.

📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖

A PEACE PATHWAY WILL BE CLEARED FOR THE REVEALING OF HIS SON JESUS CHRIST YOU WILL NOT TREAT HIM AS YOU DID ME!!!

📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖📖

SUNDAY DECEMBER 29TH 20[19] 2235HRS

LORDHAVEMERCY🤜GODSAYS💫THE EVIL HAS AGREED TO SHOW!!! I'LL BE WAITING!!! 🤜THE WHITESTAR DEMON👹SHALL SO🤛REPRESENT SATANS EVIL WICKED PLANS!!!🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜💀💀💀🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛MONDAY DECEMBER 30TH 20[19] 1240HRS

GODSAYS💫AS I AM HE, SPOKE WITH MY HEAD ANGEL KING👑OF DEATH BROTHER AS HE SHOPPED NOT LONG AGO INSIDE THE WALMART STORE IN PANORAMA CITY A WHITESTAR DEMON👹PASSED BY AND DID SO SPEAK BLASPHEMY LOUDLY SO WE COULD HEAR

["KEEP YOUR HANDS IN YOUR POCKET!"]

WHICH CLEARLY WAS A DEMON THREAT!!!

SURELY WE DID SO LAUGH AS HE WALKED QUICKLY TO THE EXIT!!! THIS WHITESTAR EVIL👹DEMON BASICALLY CLAIMED [HE] AND [HIS ARE SO ABOVE ME] AND MY REAL ANGEL KING👑BROTHER OF THE HOLY💫HEAVENLY💫SPIRIT💫

FOR SURELY HE BELIEVES THAT HE IS IN CONTROL!!!

WHERE WAS THIS FOOLISH WHITESTAR DEMON👹TO [UTTER THIS BLASPHEMY] WHEN I MADE MY BROTHER [BLESS] THEE 👉👉MY CHILDREN FOR MANY YEARS👈👈 👉NO MATTER THE REAL WHETHER?👈

NO ONE, INCLUDING DEMONS👹OF ANY COLOR STOPS🛑WHAT I THY, LIVING GOD💫HAS REQUESTED TO BE!!!

I AM HE, THY LIVING SPIRITUAL💫GOD💫DO SO SPEAK IT TRUTH!!! I OWN EVERYTHING AND EVERYONE INCLUDING REAL DEMONS

FOR SURELY I AM THE ALPHA AND OMEGA!!!

[IF YOU HAVE A PROBLEM] WITH WHAT I DO TELL [MY REAL HEAD POWER ANGELS] AND 👉[DO SEE MY BROTHER]👈 FOR HE HAS SO 👉ALL INSTRUCTIONS FROM ME AS I DO WATCH AS I RAISE HIS FIST🤜OF DEATH💀WITH HIM!!!

🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜💀💀💀🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛TUESDAY DECEMBER 31ST 20[19] 0200HRS GODSAYS💫THE BROWNSTARS WILL HOLD 👉THE WORST RACE OF HUMANITY UNTIL👈 ARCHANGEL👑GABRIEL BLOWS HIS HORN!!!FOR THE UPSTAIRS DEMONS👹HAVE SO THREATENED ALMIGHTY 👁GODS💫PLANS YET ONCE AGAIN TRYING TO 👹DECEIVE👹

GODSAYS💫I AM HE, DO SEE, HEAR AND DO SO KNOW ALL THINGS OF YOU SATAN'S VERY OWN! THE WHITESTARS WERE IN THE POSTION TO OVERTAKE THE BROWNSTARS YET, WE WILL STILL DEAL WITH ONE ON NEW YEARS🎉DAY!!! BLAME THE UPSTAIRS DEMONS👹BROWNSTARS!!!

👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁

👉HEAVENLY POWER BEYOND ANY OTHER BEYOND ANY OTHER I AM KNOWN AS THEE CREATOR OFF ALL LIVING THINGS DID SO ON HEAVENLY💫PURPLE REWARD MY REAL CHILDREN KNOWN AS [THE BROWNSTARS] WITH THE MOST CHOSEN ANGELQUEENS👑BECAUSE YOUR RACE OBEYED MY HOLY💫HEAVENLY💫LAW AND DID SO MULTIPLY BRINGING JOY FOR YOU WERE FRUITFUL👣☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝☝

👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇[AND I DID SEND MY BROTHER] IN HOLY💫SPIRIT TO THE CITY OF VAN NUYS AS TRULY👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁👁 [A ADDED REWARD TO BLESS] AS MANY OF [THE BROWNSTARS] UNTIL I DESIRED FOR SURELY [MY BROTHER] IN ANCIENT TIMES

BEFORE I SENT HIM BACK INTO [FLESH] DID 👉RAISE HIS HEAVENLY HAND TO DESTROY THE CITY OF JERUSALEM🙏AFTER KILLING 70,000 EVIL👹DEMONS👹AT MY REQUEST

FOR THEY DID SO REPEATEDLY GO AGAINST ME, THY LIVING GOD💫AS YOU DO NOW!!! YET, STILL I FORCED HIM TO BLESS YOU!!!👈

AND WHAT DID YOU DO BROWNSTARS DO TO [HONOR ME] THY LIVING 👁GOD💫 YOU [DISRESPECTED MY BROTHER FOR YEARS] [DISRESPECT ME,] THY LIVING SPIRITUAL💫

GOD💫[ALL THE STUFF DONE AND SAID] TO HIM AS HE WALKED, SHOPPED AND PAID BILLS FOR YEARS BY YOU I DID SO 👁WATCH

ESPECIALLY, THE UPSTAIRS DEMONS👹[WHOM YOU AGREED WITH] AND SAID NOT ONE WORD TO!!! UNGRATEFUL YOU ARE FOR [SURELY YOUR ANGER RAISED AGAINST ME,] THY LIVING GOD💫AND MY HEAD ANGEL BROTHER NOT TAKING THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR YOUR VERY OWN EVIL👹ACTIONS!!! THE WHOLE WORLD KNEW I FAVORED YOU WHY?FOR YOUR PAST HONOR NOW ITS LIKE YOU SPIT IN MY HEAVENLY💫FACE!!! GOD!!!

👉IF ANY CHOSEN BROWNSTAR QUEENS👈DO NOT UNDERSTAND AND DESIRE TO CUT HEAVENLY💫SPIRITUAL💫TIES WITH OUR BLESSED ANGELIC💫YOU ARE FREE TO DO SO! REMEMBER YOU ARE ALWAYS BLESSED!🙏CURRENTLY SCANNED THERE IS ONLY 1🙏OUT OF THE 225+ BROWNSTAR QUEENS👑

👉GODSHEADANGEL1.POSTHAVEN.COM👈

U.S. EMBASSY COMPOUND UNDER SIEGE BY PROTESTERS AFTER U.S. AIR STRIKES NO [TERRORIST BOMB💣BACKPACKS] SEEN AT THIS TIME GODSAYS💫

🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

THAT LITTLE SHAKE, RATTLE AND ROLL AT THIS APARTMENT BUILDING AT 11:30AM WAS COURTESY OF OUR BABYANGELS😇

I ASK THAT THEIR BLESSED MESMERIZING ANGELQUEENMAMIS👑PLEASE DO RELAX!

💞💞GABBY👑💞SANDRA👑💞ANA👑💞💞

ELIZABETH ESPINOZA👑

LIBERTE CHAN👑

OLIVIA JOHNSON👑 [OLLIEJAYY]

💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙

LU PARKER👑

KACEY MONTOYA👑

LAUREN WILLIAMS👑 [LALOVETHEBOSS]

💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙

BRITTANY RENNER👑 [BUNDLEOFBRITTANY]

SHARON TAY👑

LYNETTE ROMERO👑

ANGEL BRINKS👑

💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙💙

PAT HARVEY👑

ASHLYNN OWENS👑

LESLIE SYKES👑

BRITTANYA RAZAVI👑 BRITTANYA

TOOCHI_KASH👑 DADS SORRY MICHAEL😇💫I ALMOST FORGOT YOU WERE INVOLVED

👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞BLESSINGS4MYSEXYASS💕ANGELWIVES👑💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞

KAREEN WYNTER👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣⬆BEAUTIFULINMESMERIZINGANGELBLACK⬆ SOSEXY🔥 WEARING THATANGELICLOOK💫

💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓

LAUREN LYSTER👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣⬆BEAUTIFULINMESMERIZINGANGELBLACK⬆ SOSEXY🔥WEARING THATANGELICLOOK💫

💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓💓

CHRISTINA PASCUCCI👣👣👣👣👣👣👣👣⬆BEAUTIFULINVERYSEXYANGELBURGUNDY⬆ SOSEXY🔥 WEARING THATANGELICLOOK💫

🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷

BLESSINGS4 KIRK HAWKINS💫 KTLA5

BECAUSE MYANGELHONEYWIVES👑DESIRED IT TO BE SO!!!

🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷🔷

🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

UNFORTUNATELY THAT'S ALL FOR 12/31/19 🎉HAPPY NEW YEARS🎉MYANGELWIVES🎉

MYANGELMOM💓REPORTS FROM HOLY💫 HEAVEN💫ALL IS WELL THE BOYS ARE FINE WATCHING CARTOONS SOME PLAYING WITH THEIR TURTLES🐢 CASPER AND ROSCOE 🐢

🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

DON'T LET ANYTHING OR ANYONE UPSET YOU TODAY MY BEAUTIFUL QUEENS💙OUR POWERFUL💪ANGEL PRINCE SONS ARE A [LITTLE UPSET] TRUST THE FOUNDATION GOT ROCKED A BIT!!! [ALL IS WELL] KEEP THOSE [BEAUTIFUL SMILES] ON YOUR ANGELIC💫 FACES INTO THE NEXT YEAR!!!

BE NICE AND HAVE A VERY BLESSED NITE!!!

OH, I FORGOT THEY WERE UPSET AT THE WAY SOME ARE DISRESPECTING THEIR UNCLE 👁GOD💫THEY SAY IT SHOULDN'T KILL DEMONS👹

🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜🤜💀💀💀🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛🤛

[scrmnviking]

A Timeline of Cultural Reference, Pop and otherwise

A Timeline of Cultural Reference, Pop and otherwise

So, I’ve made some updates to a thing I’ve been working on. Below lies a list of events in chronological order. Most of them are things we (in the US) have heard of or reference in our culture. Some of them are surprising tidbits of trivia. Some are things we Really Should Know More Commonly. And some of it is just fun.

Why? Well, I found myself wondering things like “would Captain Kidd have been able to steal a Ming vase?” or “did the dodo go extinct before or after Harvard was established?” or “when was Sperm Whale oil last used?” Unlike a certain game, I’ve tried to keep to the latest proven dates on record and keep it accurate. The dates for thermometers, for example, changes depending on whether you mean “shows objective temperature change”, “records temperature with a numeric scale”, or “records temperature and is unaffected by barometric pressure differences”.

I tried to be inclusive beyond cis white male, but I know I’m not completely successful. A lot of things aren’t well recorded or documented and some things spread across a large span of time. In other words, if it’s not here, it doesn’t mean it is not important.

Have fun reading and feel free to drop me a note or comment!

MYA 65MYA - Dinosaurs wiped out (except birds) 4MYA - Mostly bipedal 2.6 MYA - Early stone tools

BCE 250,000 BCE - cooking fires (hearths) ~40,000 BCE - clothing     - Neanderthals die out ~30,000 BCE - Chauvet cave paintings ~24,000 BCE - Venus of Willendorf ~10,000 BCE - Agriculture invented ~8,000 BCE - Smilodon Fatalis goes extinct <8700 BCE - Stone Age 5500 BCE - Copper Age - Vinca culture first to process copper 4000-3001 BCE - Papyrus - writing stuff, not the font 4000 BCE - Corn (maize) dispersed into Central America and Columbia 3000-ish BCE - Stonehenge     - Cuneiform script 3300 - 600 BCE - Bronze Age                          - parchment vellum 3250-3000 BCE Taoism 3000 BCE - Kohl (stibnite mixed with fat) used as eye makeup 2560–2540 BCE Great Pyramids of Giza 2558–2532 BCE Sphinx of Giza 2100 BCE - Xia dynasty - first dynasty of China (by tradition) 2000 BCE - isolated pocket of Wooly Mammoths go extinct on Wrangel Island 1800 BCE - Epic of Gilgamesh 1770 BCE - Babylon largest city in world 1754 BCE - Code of Hammurabi 1750 BCE - oldest known written complaint from consumer Nanni to merchant Ea-Nasir, in cuneiform 1556 BCE - Shang dynasty  (or Yin dynasty) of China ruled in Yellow River valley 1500 BCE - Oracle bone script - oldest form of Chinese writing yet found 1400 BCE - Beginnings of Olmec civilization 1323 BCE - King Tutankhamun’s death 1312 BCE - Judaism (Moses given Oral Torah) 1200 BCE - 700 CE Iron Age 1046 BCE - Shang dynasty ended, Zhao dynasty began (China) 753 BCE - Rome founded 495 BCE - Pythagorean theorem (Pythagoras dies. Unrelated) 480 BCE - Battle of Thermopylae (“300” was based on it) 475 BCE - Royal Road of the Persian Empire (precursor to the Silk Road) 470-399 BCE - Socrates - Socratic method - break a problem down into a series of questions. Sentenced to drink hemlock. 460-370 BCE - Hippocrates - Doctor’s oath (Do No Harm) 450 BCE - Buddhism founded 428-337 BCE - Plato - Allegory of the Cave 350 BCE - Olmecs decline 385 BCE - Plato founds Academy - first university 4th Cent BCE - gears - China 384-322 BCE - Aristotle - founder formal logic 370 BCE - death of Hippocrates of Kos - father of medicine 356-323 BCE - Alexander the Great 321 BCE - Serpent Mound in Adams county, OH built (Adena culture) 300 BCE - “Elements” Euclid - Euclidean geometry, geometric algebra, finding square root 287-212 BCE - Archimedes (“Eureka!” - displacement) 230 BCE - Aristarchus of Samos dies (heliocentrism, sun a star) 221 BCE - Qin Shi Huang united warring kingdoms  and became emperor of Qin dynasty, beginning Imperial China 218 BCE - Hannibal marches elephants over the Alps in the 2nd Punic War 209 BCE - Terracotta Army buried with Qin Shi Huang 196 BCE - Rosetta Stone carved 150 BCE - Seleucus of Seleucia theorizes cause of tides is the Moon 120 BCE - The Silk Road connects Europe with China 100 BCE - Antikythera mechanism (analog computer to calculate planet position) Teotihuacan established 48 BCE - burning of Library at Alexandria 44 BCE - Et tu, Brute? - Julius Caesar killed

CE

1st Cent 1 - Lions extinct in Western Europe 43 - Londinium (London, England) established 64 - Great Fire of Rome (the one to which Nero supposedly fiddled) 70 - Christianity Founded/separated from Judaism (destruction of the Second Temple) 79 - Mount Vesuvius buries Pompeii 80 - Colosseum of Rome built (finished)

2nd Cent 105 - Paper Invented - China 122 - Hadrian’s Wall started, largely completed in 6 years 132 - Seismometer - Zhang Heng

3rd Cent 200 - Kama Sutra compendium collected 220 - Three Kingdoms era start Kongming lanterns (unmanned hot air balloon signals - think Tangled lights) ~250 - Teotihuacan monuments construction finished 280 - Three Kingdoms era end

4th Cent 300 - probably earliest habitation of Hawaiian islands 313 - Christianity legalized in Roman Empire by Constantine I “Edict of Milan” 322 - the stirrup - China 325 - First Council of Niceaea (Niceaen Creed - compilation of the Bible) called by Constantine the Great 380 - Theodosius issues “Cuncto populos” aka “Edict of Thessalonica” - Nicene Trinitarian Christianity only legitimate imperial religion and only one to entitled to call itself Catholic. Also ended state support for polytheistic religions and customs.

5th Cent 407 - Rome’s withdrawal from Britain 410 - Rome sacked by Visigoths 434 - Attila the Hun started ruling the Huns 453 - Attila the Hun dies 455 - Rome sacked by Vandals 476 - Rome fell 477/495 - Chan Buddhists found Shaolin Monastery Late - Legendary King Arthur leads defense of Britain against Saxons

6th Cent Backgammon invented in Persia by Burzoe early - Zen Buddhism enters Vietnam from China 525 - Scythian monk Dionysius Exiguus invents Anno Domini era calendar ~550 - Teotihuacan major monuments sacked and burned 581-618 - Shaolin Kung Fu formed (Shaolin Luohan’s 18 hands) 589 - first documented use of toilet paper - China

7th Cent Sutton Hoo ship burial 628 - Concept of zero in mathematics, India 632 - Islam/ Death of Muhammed 650 - Chinese Paper money issued 670 - “Greek fire” invented

8th Cent Picts of Scotland design first European triangular harp 770 - iron horseshoes in common use 771 - Charlemagne, King of the Franks 790 - Viking Age begins

9th Cent early - ”The Book of the Tale of the Thousand Nights" oldest manuscript fragments 800 - Charlemagne founds Carolingian Empire 800 - Book of Kells created 800 - Soap being made in Spain and Italy 814 - Charlemagne dies 841 - Dublin founded by Vikings

10th Cent Norse become Normans decline of Mayans, rise of Toltecs Erik the Red founded Greenland Hops first mentioned in beer brewing 904 - Fire Arrows used in China, i.e. arrows with gunpowder 958 - 986 - Harald Bluetooth’s reign - Introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated rule over most of Jutland and Zealand (Bluetooth computer protocol named after him)

11th Cent 1000 - “Kitab Al-Tasrif” (The Method of Medicine) - Arabic encyclopedia on medicine and surgery - Abu Al Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) 1001 - Leif Eriksson establish settlements around Vinland, North America 1025 - “Beowulf” 1025 - 1120 - colonization of Society Islands (Eastern Polonesia) 1066 - Viking Age ended 1066 - Battle of Hastings, Norman conquest of England 1086 - Domesday Book - William I of England 1090 - Hassan al Sabbah takes over Almut, establishes the so-called hashashin (Assassins cf. Assassin’s Creed) 1095 - First Crusade start 1098 - Siege of Antioch (first siege by crusade against a Muslim-held city) 1099 - First Crusade end

12th Distillation of alcohol- School of Salerno 1100 - Paper arrives in Europe 1100–1680 - Moai Carved (Rapa Nui/Easter Island statues) 1119 - Knights Templar established 1120 - White Ship Disaster leads to succession crisis in England 1150 - Angkor Wat built 1168 - decline of the Toltecs 1170 - Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, killed 1183 - Henry II (when “Lion in Winter” is supposed to have occurred) 1189 - Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionhearted 1190 - 1290 second wave of Eastern Polynsia colonization (including Hawaii and New Zealand) 1194 - Robin Hood era - when King Richard removed John the Usurper from the throne

13th Cent 1200 - England soapmaking begins 1200 - Easter Island settled 1202 - “Liber Abaci” Leonardo “Fibonacci” Bonacci - introduced Hindu-Arabic numeral system to West along with Fibonacci numbers 1206 - Ghengis Khan reign start 1206 - Mongol Empire started 1215 - Magna Carta signed 1220 - “Prose Edda” - Snorri Sturluson 1227 - Ghengis Khan reign end 1240 - Mongol Empire conquers Kievan Rus 1258 - Mongol seige of Baghdad (House of Wisdom destroyed) 1260 - Kublai Khan reign starts 1271 - Marco Polo went to the Orient 1271 - Kublai Khan establishes Yuan dynasty 1274 - “Summa Theologiae” - St. Thomas Aquinus 1286 - Eyeglasses invented (prob. Venice) 1294 - Kublai Khan reign end (death) 1295 - Marco Polo came back from the Orient

14th Cent 1300 - “Travels of Marco Polo” published (depicting the time 1271-1295) 1300 - Mechanical Escapement clocks in England 1300 - rise of the Aztecs 1305 - William Wallace hanged, drawn, and quartered (Braveheart) 1320 - “Divine Comedy” - Dante Alighieri 1337 - Mongol Empire ended 1337 - Hundred Years War start 1346 - Black Plague start 1347 - Occam’s Razor 1353 - Black plague end 1368 - End of Mongol Yuan Dynasy, Beginning of Ming Dynasty (like the vase. Wait for it)

15th Cent 1400 - “Canterbury Tales” - Geoffrey Chaucer 1415 - Battle of Agincourt (memorialized in Shakespeare’s St. Crispin’s Day speech) 1417 - Public illumination via oil lamps, London 1420-ish Donatello brings the Putto/Cupid figure back 1429 - Joan of Arc ends Siege of Orleans and turns tide of Hundred Years War 1431 - Joan of Arc killed 1434 - “Arnolfini Portrait” Jan van Eyck 1450-ish - Machu Picchu constructed Silk Road declines 1453 - Hundred Years War end 1455 - War of the Roses start (basis for GoT) 1456 - Guttenberg Bible printed - invention of moveable type 1458 - Vlad the Impaler (Dracul) got his name impaling Saxons 1464 - 87 - Ming Dynasty Vases - Chenghua and Xuande era 1480 - Spanish Inquisition gets underway 1485 - Iga and Koga clan ninjas hired by daimyos (record that ninjas are ‘a thing’) 1485 - “Vitruvian Man” - Leonardo DaVinci 1486 - “The Birth of Venus” Sandro Botticelli 1487 - War of the Roses end 1492 - Columbus lands in San Salvador 1494 - “Summa de arithmetica, geometria proportioni et proportionalita” - double-entry system of accounting codified - Friar Luca Pacioli 1494 - Scotch Whisky being produced 1495-1498 - “The Last Supper” - Leonardo DaVinci 1499 - Vasco da Gama returns to Lisbon, having gone around the Cape of Good Hope and finding the route to India

16th Cent Coffee reaches Middle East, Persia, and Turkey from Mocha (yes, seriously) 1502 - Montezuma (Moctezuma II) starts reign  Aztec calendar stone aka Sun Stone carved (probably) 1503/7 - “Mona Lisa” - Leonardo DaVinci 1504 - “David” - Michelangelo 1509 - Henry VIII reign start 1510 - “School of Athens” Raphael (Sanzio da Urbino) 1512 - “Sistine Chapel” - Michelangelo 1513 - “The Prince” - Machiavelli 1515 - “Garden of Earthly Delights” Hieronymus Bosch 1516 - “Utopia” Thomas More 1517 - “95 Theses” - start of Reformation - Martin Luther 1519 - Magellan sets out to circumnavigate globe 1519 - Spanish conquest of Aztec Empire starts - Hernan Cortez 1521 - Magellan killed in Phillipines 1521 - Spanish conquest of Aztec Empire ends 1522 - Magellans ships circumnavigate globe 1523 - Cacao bean (chocolate) introduced to Span - Hernan Coretes 1540 - Coronado expedition start: Mexico to Kansas - sees Grand Canyon, Colorado River, bison herds, Rio Grande 1542 - Coronado expedition end 1542 - Mary, Queen of Scots reign start 1543 - Heliocentric model - Nicolaus Copernicus 1543 - printed descriptions and illustrations of human dissections - “De humani corporis fabrica” - Andreas Vesalius 1547 - Henry VIII reign end 1547 - Ivan the Terrible reign start 1548 - Tomato comes to Italy (first mention in writing, pom d’oro ‘golden apple’) 1555 - “Les Propheties” Nostradamus 1558 - Elizabeth I reign start 1559 - “Institutes of the Christian Religion” - John Calvin “Calvinism” 1561 - Garamond dies (his lettersets for typeface sold off) 1569 - Mercator projection map - Gerardus Mercator 1581 - last record of Iga and Koga clan ninjas hired by daimyos 1582 - Gregorian calendar - Pope Gregory XIII 1584 - Ivan the Terrible reign end (death) 1587 - Mary, Queen of Scots reign end (forced abdication) 1589 - Stocking frame - mechanical knitting machine - William Lee of Calverton 1589 - Potato introduced to Ireland by Sir Walter Raleigh 1590 - Roanoke colony found abandoned 1590/7 - “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” - William Shakespeare 1592 - “The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus” - Christopher Marlowe 1593 - Grace O’ Malley (the Pirate Queen) petitions Elizabeth I for the release of her sons 1597 - “Romeo and Juliet” - William Shakespeare 1599/1602 - “Hamlet” - William Shakespeare

17th Cent Clothing irons (flat irons/sad irons) 1600 - “On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth” - Earth itself is magnetic, has iron core - William Gilbert 1603 - Elizabeth I reign end (death) 1605 - Gunpowder plot (Guy Fawkes) 1606 - First European landing in Australia (Dutch) 1607 - James Fort (Jamestown, VA) est. 1609 - Kepler’s Law of Planetary motion, 1 and 2 - Johannes Kepler 1614 - “Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio” - natural logarithms - John Napier 1615 - “Don Quixote” - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 1619 - Kepler’s 3rd Law of Planetary motion 1620 - Plymouth colony founded 1622 - Founding of the French Musketeers of the Guard (they carried muskets) 1628 - “De motu cordis” - William Harvey - blood circulates, with the heart acting as a pump 1631 - Quinine (i.e. cinchona bark) used to treat malaria in Rome 1636 - Harvard establised 1637 - Cogito ergo sum - Rene Descartes 1637 - Cartesian coordinate system - Rene Descartes 1638 - thermometer (thermoscope with scale) Robert Fludd 1642 - “The Night Watch” Rembrandt 1643 - Taj Mahal built 1644 - End of Ming Dynasty 1645 - “The Book of Five Rings” - Miyamato Musashi 1645 - mechanical calculator - Blaise Pascal 1650 - Caribbean piracy era start 1654 - thermometer not also a barometer - Ferdinando II de Medici 1656 - Pendulum clock - Christiaan Huygens 1661 - “The Sceptical Chymist” - Robert Boyle - beginning of molecular theory in chemistry i.e. aggregates of bonded chemicals 1662 - Last reliable sighting of dodo bird 1663 - Captain Henry Morgan probably starts career as privateer 1665 - “Girl with a Pearl Earring” Johannes Vermeer 1666 - Great Fire of London 1671 - Capt Morgan attacks Panama. Gets arrested, stops privateering 1676 - speed of light measured (triangulation w/ Jupiter) Ole Romer (-25% of actual) 1677 - huge femur found, thought to be giant, but probably a dinosaur 1677 - Microbiology - Antoine van Leeuewenhook The Microscope and discovery (protists - 1674, bacteria -1683, spermatozoa - 1677, Royal Society acceptance 1677, elected to RS 1680) 1680 - Pocket watch with minute hand 1680 - Kirch’s/Newton’s/Great Comet of 1680 - first comet discovered by telescope 1687 - Laws of Motion, Laws of universal Gravitation, Calculus - Sir Issac Newton 1690 - Pendulum clocks accurate enough for minute hand 1690 - Dodo goes extinct, statistically calculated 1692/3 - Salem witch trials 1692 - Tomatoes in Italian recipe book 1695 - Captain Kidd sets out to catch pirates with a letter of marque 1696 - Peter the Great becomes tsar of Russia 1697 - “Tales and Stories of the Past with Morals: Tales of Mother Goose” - Charles Perrault, created fairy tale genre from folk tales

18th Cent most of Europe uses the fork Xocolatl a popular beverage in Europe (chocolate) 1701 - Captain Kidd hanged for piracy 1703 - “Explanation of Binary Arithmetic” - Gottfried Liebnitz 1705 - Edmund Halley calculates the orbit of his comet 1706 - “The Arabian Nights Entertainment” - English edition of One Thousand and One Nights 1716 - Blackbeard active 1718 - Blackbeard killed 1724 - Fahrenheit thermometer - Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1725 - Caribbean piracy era end 1725 - Catherine the Great becomes Empress of Russia (Peter’s death) 1726 - “Gulliver’s Travels” - Jonathan Swift 1727 - speed of light value refined (stellar aberation) and more accepted - James Bradley 1727 - Catherine the Great dies 1735 - “Systema Naturae” - taxonomy - Carl Linnaeus 1739 - Pleistocene fossils collected for study at Big Bone Licky, KY - Charles LeMoyne de Longueui 1742 - Celsius thermometer - Anders Celsius 1754 - French and Indian War start (part of the Seven Years’ War) 1755 - first scientific paper on natural rubber (native to South America) published - Francois Fresneau 1763 - French and Indian War end (part of the Seven Years’ War) 1770 - rubber named for being good at “rubbing off” pencil marks from paper - Joseph Priestly 1773 - the name Santa Claus first used in American press 1775 - American War for Independence start 1776 - Declaration of Independence 1778 - first practical flush toilet - Joseph Bramah 1778 - James Cook arrived in the Hawaiian Islands 1781 - Articles of Confederation - DE, PA, NJ, GA, CT, MA, MD, NC, SC, NH, VA, NY, RI become states 1781 - Watt steam engine - James Watt 1783 - American War for Independence end 1783 - First manned hot air balloon flight - Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier 1785 - modern parachute invented and named - Louis-Sebastien Lenormand 1786 - “The Marriage of Figaro” Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1788 - US Constitution ratified 1788 - British establish penal colony in Botany Bay (Australia) 1789 - French Revolution starts 1789 - “Elementary Treatise of Chemistry” - Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier - first chemistry textbook 1790 - HMS Bounty burned by mutineers 1791 - Bill of Rights ratified 1791 - VT becomes state 1792 - KY becomes state 1792 - Old Farmer’s Almanac published - oldest continuously published North American periodical 1794 - Cotton Gin - Eli Whitney 1795 - Metric system established 1795 - Kamehameha the Great establishes the Kingdom of Hawaii 1796 - Mastodon and Megatherium established as extinct animals (development of comparative anatomy & history of paleontology) - Georges Cuvier 1796 - Homeopathy - Samuel Hahnemann - idiocy clings, don’t it? 1796 - TN becomes state 1796 - Lithography - Alois Senefelder (actor - cheap method of publishing theatrical works) 1798 - smallpox vaccine (cowpox) - Edward Jenner 1799 - Rosetta Stone discovered 1799 - French Revolution ends, Napoleon takes Power

19th Cent 1800 - “Noah’s Raven” footprints (theropod dinosaur prints) found in MA 1800 - first true battery, the voltaic pile - Alessandro Volta 1801 - Barbary Coast War (Barbary pirates) start 1803 - Louisiana Purchase 1803 - Napoleonic Wars start 1803 - OH becomes state 1804 - Lewis and Clark Expedition start 1805 - Battle of Derna (source of “shores of Tripoli” verse in Marine’s Hymn) 1805 - Barbary Coast War end 1806 - Lewis and Clark Expedition end 1807 - Thomas Jefferson sent first paleontology expedition to Big Bone Lick, KY 1807 - Public street lighting via gas - Pall Mall, London 1808 - Symphony No. 5 - Ludwig von Beethoven 1810 - King Kamehameha unified the Hawaiian islands 1811 - “Sense and Sensibility” Jane Austen 1811 - first practical railway locomotive - John Blenkinsop 1811 - Ichthyosaurs fossil discovered by Mary Anning. Key evidence for extinction (it was believed that if God’s creation was perfect, then extinction couldn’t exist) 1812 - Extinction (the fact that animals can go extinct) established as a fact - Georges Cuvier 1812 - LA becomes state 1812 - “Children’s and Household Tales” - Brothers Grimm 1812 - War of 1812 start 1813 - “Pride and Prejudice” Jane Austen 1814 - “Star-Spangled Banner” - Francis Scott Key 1814 - Burning of Washington - British (Canadians) raze DC 1815 - War of 1812 end 1815- “Emma” Jane Austen 1815 - Battle of Waterloo 1815 - Napoleonic Wars End 1816-1828 Zulu empire under Shaka 1816 - IN becomes state 1817 - “The Animal Kingdom” - sets out to describe structure of animal kingdom based on comparative anatomy - Georges Cuvier 1817 - MS becomes state 1818 - “Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus” - Mary Shelley 1818 - “Silent Night” Franz Xaver Gruber, lyrics Joseph Mohr 1818 - IL becomes state 1819 - AL becomes state 1819 - stove top percolating coffee pot - Laurens 1819 - “Rip Van Winkle” - Washington Irving 1820 - ME becomes state 1820 - electric current through a wire produces magnetic field - Hans Christian Ørsted 1820 - “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” - Washington Irving 1821 - MO becomes state 1823 - Difference Engine (calculator) proposed and funded for construction - Charles Babbage 1823 - “A Visit from St. Nicholas” aka “Twas the Night Before Christmas” 1823 - Fresnel lens used in lighthouse - Augustin-Jean Fresnel 1824 - First Dinosaur fossil named 1824 - “Don Juan” - Lord Byron (postumously) 1825 - Erie Canal opens for business 1829 - Neanderthal fossils discovered 1830 - first rail travel in US on Baltimore Ohio railroad, “Tom Thumb” 1830 - friction matches commercially available 1830 - Mary Anning discovers nearly complete Plesiosaur skeleton 1830-ish Burned-over district produces Mormons, 7th Day Adventists, Jehovah’s Wintesses, Oneida Society and others. 1831 - The Trail of Tears starts - Southeastern Native Americans forcibly relocated past the Mississippi 1833 - “The Great Wave off Kanagawa” -Hokusai 1834 - Spanish Inquisition officially ended 1834 - first ‘real’ electric motor (capable of actually doing work) - Thomas Davenport 1835 - Texas Rangers established 1836 - Texas independence from Mexico 1836 - AR becomes state 1837 - Start of Queen Victoria’s reign 1837 - MI becomes state 1837 - “Fairy Tales” - Hans Christian Andersen (Little Mermaid, Thumbelina, Emperor’s New Clothes, Princess and the Pea) 1838 - First telegraph “WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT” in Morse Code 1838 - “Oliver Twist” - Charles Dickens 1839 - First Opium War starts (Britain forcing China to buy opium) 1839 - Vulcanization of rubber - Charles Goodyear 1840 - Saxophone - Adolphe Sax 1840 - Adhesive postage stamp “Penny Black” UK 1842 - First algorithm written for Babbage’s Analytical Engine aka first program for first computer - Ada Lovelace 1842 - First Opium War ends 1843 - “A Christmas Carol” - Charles Dickens 1843- “The Tell-Tale Heart” - Edgar Allen Poe 1844 - “The Three Musketeers” - Alexandre Dumas 1845 - “The Little Match Girl” - Hans Christian Andersen 1845 - NY Nicks play modern baseball 1845 - FL becomes state 1845 - TX becomes state 1845 - Fredrick Douglass publishes autobiography 1845 - Faraday rotation - interaction btwn light and magnetic field: light and electromagnatism related - Michael Faraday 1845 - “The Raven” - Edgar Allen Poe 1845 - Irish Potato Famine start 1846 - Mexican-American War start 1846 - IA becomes state 1846 - Neptune first observed - Johann Gottfried Galle 1847 - “The Mathematical Analysis of Logic” - Boolean logic - Charles Boole 1847 - Battle of Chapultepec - source of “halls of Montezuma” in Marine’s Hymn 1848 - Mexican-American War end (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) 1848 - Gold Rush in California 1848 - WI becomes state 1848 - Oneida Community est. (complex marriage, stirpiculture, mutual criticism, etc - too much to go into, but really, look it up) 1849 - speed of light measured on Earth - Hippolyte Fizeau (+5%) 1849 - Harriet Tubman escapes slavery. Starts conducting on Underground Railroad 1850 - CA becomes state 1850 - “The Scarlet Letter” - Nathaniel Hawthorne 1850 - Trail of Tears ends 1851 - “Moby Dick” - Herman Melville 1851 - “Ain’t I A Woman?” speech by Sojourner Truth 1852 - Irish Potato Famine End 1853 - US Warships demand Japan open to the West. Or else. 1854 - Florence Nightengale introduced modern nursing to the Crimean War 1855 - Cholera outbreak in London - germ theory - John Snow - dismissed as too depressing 1855 - End of California Gold Rush 1856 - 1860 Second Opium War 1856 - Neanderthal 1 fossil specimen discovered in Neandertal, western Prussia (Germany) 1857 - modern commercially available toilet paper introduced - Joseph Gayetty 1858 - fermentation caused by bacteria (yeast) - Louis Pasteur 1858 - MN becomes state 1859 - “Origin of Species” - Charles Darwin 1859 - Pennsylvania oil rush 1859 - OR becomes state 1859 - Big Ben of Clock/Elizabeth Tower 1859 - lead-acid battery - first rechargeable (by sending a reverse current through) - Gaston Plante 1860 - “Paul Revere’s Ride” - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1860 - continuous DC power from a dynamo - Antonio Pacinotti 1861 - KS becomes state 1861 - Start of American Civil War 1862 - “Les Miserables” - Victor Hugo 1863 - WV becomes state 1864 - NV becomes state 1864 - H.L. Hunley - first military submarine to sink enemy vessel 1864 - William King recognizes Neanderthal 1 as sample of separate species. Gives them the name “homo neanderthalensis” 1865 - End of American Civil War 1865 - Pasteurization invented (patented) - Louis Pasteur 1866 - Winchester rifle 1867 - 1894 “Das Kapital” Karl Marx 1867 - carbolic acid used to sterilize surgical wounds - Joseph Lister - father of modern surgery/antiseptic surgery - Listerine named in his honor 1867 - NB becomes state 1869 - “War and Peace” - Leo Tolstoy 1869 - Whirlwind vacuum cleaner - Ives W. McGaffey 1869 - Periodic table - Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 1869 - Transcontinental Railroad completed 1870 - “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” - Jules Verne 1870 - Black men get the vote 1871 - “Descent of Man” - Charles Darwin 1871 - “Whistler’s Mother” - James Whister 1871 - Great Chicago Fire, unjustly blamed on Mrs. O’Leary’s cow 1871 - Germany becomes a country 1872 - Colt Single Action Army revolver/ Peacemaker 1873 - Alleged steam drill and John Henry contest 1873 - Beginning of the “Long Depression” aka the great depression before the Great Depression 1873 - “A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism” James Clerk Maxwell - showed electromagnatism is one force, not two 1873 - Levi Strauss patents blue jeans 1875 - William Denton first to describe fossils from the La Brea Tar Pits 1876 - Battle of Little Bighorn aka Custer’s Last Stand 1876 - Budweiser (Anheiser-Busch) first brewed 1876 - “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” - Mark Twain 1876 - California Oil boom (well #4 Pico Canyon Oilfield) 1876 - CO becomes state 1876 - rubber plant seeds smuggled out of Brazil to Kew Gardens - Henry Wickham 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone 1877 - Billy the Kid starts life of crime 1879 - End of the “Long Depression” aka the great depression before the Great Depression 1879 - Edison demonstrates the incandescent light bulb 1881 - Billy the Kid dies 1881 - Gunfight at the O.K. Corral 1881 - Oneida Community dissolved and eventually becomes Oneida Ltd silverware 1883 - “Treasure Island” - Robert Louis Stevenson 1883 - Cataclysmic eruption of Krakatoa in Indonesia 1884 - “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” - Mark Twain 1884 - “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jette” Georges Seurat 1885 - rabies post-exposure vaccine - Louis Pasteur 1886 - modern automobile, Karl Benz 1886 - Chicago Haymarket Massacre - striking for an 8 hour workday, anarchists bomb the demonstration 1886 - Coca-Cola, a non-alcoholic version of French Wine Coca nerve tonic sold 1886 - Statue of Liberty dedicated 1887 - “A Study In Scarlet” - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - First appearance of Sherlock Holmes 1887 - Electromagnetic waves proved to exist (radio waves produced) - Heinrich Hertz 1888 - London matchgirl strike - health conditions, against use of white phosphorous, phossy jaw 1888 - Jack the Ripper murders in Whitechapel 1888 - Induction motor (AC) - Nikola Tesla 1889 - ND, SD, MT, and WA become states 1889 -“Starry Night” - Van Gough 1890 - ID and WY become states 1890 - “Picture of Dorian Gray” - Oscar Wilde 1890 - The Wounded Knee Massacre - end of the Indian Wars 1891 - Basketball created - Dr. James Naismith (Canadian) 1892 - Axe murders of Lizzie Borden’s parents 1892 - “The Nutcracker” - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1892 - Bottle cap invented 1893 - HH Holmes Murder Castle at the Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition 1893, 95, 1910 Edvard Munch’s “The Scream” (4 versions, 2 pastel, 2 paintings) 1893 - Michael Ahren admits he made up the O’Leary cow story 1893 - The Mendenhall Order - formal announcement of a de facto change in the US Office of Weights and Measures which switched from US Customary to Metric 1893 - Zipper invented 1895 - O’Leary “died heartbroken”, still being blamed for the fire 1895 - “The Importance of Being Earnest” - Oscar Wilde 1895 - “The Time Machine” - H.G. Wells 1895 - X-rays produced - Wilhelm Rontgen 1895 - first X-ray image (radiograph) produced - Wilhelm Rontgen 1896 - Oedipus complex - Sigmund Freud 1896 - end of the Long Depression 1896 - UT becomes state 1896 - Klondike Gold Rush 1896 - Marconi radio “wireless telegraphy” 1896 - “La tournee du Chat Noir de Rodolphe Salis” - Theophile Steinlen 1896 - Plessy v Ferguson - Supreme Court says segregation is OK 1897 - “Dracula” - Bram Stoker 1897 - “The Invisible Man” - H.G. Wells 1898 - “The War of the Worlds” - H.G. Wells 1898 - Spanish-American War (3 mo) 1898 - Polonium, radium, radioactivity discovered and named - Marie Curie 1898 - ‘Campaign Watch’ - wristwatch for soldiers in Sudan campaign (wristwatch becomes a ‘thing’) 1898 - George Washington Carver starts issuing bulletins about crop rotation, peanut products, and other agricultural innovations 1899 - End of Klondike Gold Rush 1899 - Harry Houdini’ career start 1899 - Boxer Rebellion 1899 - Bayer selling aspirin around the world

20th Cent 1900 - “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” - Frank L Baum 1901 - Australia becomes a federation 1901 - Boxer Rebellion 1901 - End of Queen Victoria’s reign (death) 1901 - Picasso starts Blue Period 1901 - Spindletop oil find in TX, start of TX oil boom 1903 - Wright Brothers Flight 1903 - “Great Train Robbery” Edwin Porter 1903 - “Dogs Playing Poker” C.M. Coolidge 1903 - “The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals” - Ivan Pavlov (Pavlov’s Dogs) 1904 - Western tea bags sold commercially 1905 - Special Relativity - Einstein 1905 - First pizzeria in US opens in NY 1906 - Claude Monet - “Water Lilies” 1906 - San Francisco Earthquake 1907-08 Gustav Klimpt “The Kiss” 1907 - OK becomes states 1908 - Model T 1910 - “The Phantom of the Opera” - Gaston Leroux 1910 - Annie Jump Cannon’s star classification system becomes de facto standard 1912 - first Tarzan book published 1912 - AZ and NM become states 1912 - Titanic sank 1912 - Scoville Organoleptic Test - to rate pungency of chili pepper - William Scoville 1913 - LA County museum given sole right to excavate fossils from La Brea Tar Pits for 2 years 1913 - First moving assembly line - Henry Ford 1913 - Harriet Tubman dies 1914 - WWI begins 1914 - Backless brassiere - Mary Phelps Jacob (who had a dog named Clytoris) 1914 - Panama Canal opens 1915 - General relativity - Einstein 1915 - Ghandi’s struggle for Indian Independence 1915 - “Birth of a Nation” DW Griffith 1915 - hand held hair dryers hit market 1916 - “The Planets” - Gustav Holst (“Mars” is the music you hear in about 30% of action movie trailers) 1917 - America Joins WWI 1917 - Russian Revolution 1917 - Goodyear starts producing airships (beginning of the Goodyear blimps) 1917-1937 H.P. Lovecraft writes 1918 - WW I ends 1919 - Prohibition starts 1920 - Women’s Sufferage in the US 1920 - Band-Aid - Earle Dickson of Johnson & Johnson 1921 - Charlie Chaplin’s “The Kid” 1922 - USSR formed 1923 - King Tut’s tomb opened 1924 - J. Edgar Hoover becomes Director of what will be the FBI 1924 - Caesar salad supposedly invented (Caesar Cardini) 1924 - Kleenex 1925 - Tennessee bans teaching evolution - Scopes Monkey Trial 1925 - Al Capone becomes mob boss 1926 - “Call of Cthulu” H.P. Lovecraft 1926 - Houdini dies 1927 - Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle 1927 - “The Jazz Singer” first feature length movie with talking sequences 1927 - First widely owned refridgerator 1928 - Penicillin discovered 1928 - Sliced bread 1928 - “Treachery of Images” - Rene Magritte 1928 - “Propaganda” Edward Bernays 1929 - Stock market crash starting the Great Depression 1929 - Charles Atlas and the “Insult that made a man out of Mac” advertisement (97lb weakling sand-in-face) 1930 - Penicillin first treats patient 1930 - Pluto discovered 1930 - “American Gothic” - Grant Wood 1930 - Scotch Tape introduced - 3M 1930 - First Twinkie 1931 - “Persistance of Memory” Salvador Dali 1931 - “Star Spangled Banner” made national anthem 1931 - Jackie Mitchell, a 17-year-old girl, strikes out Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig 1932 - Electric guitar put into production “Frying Pan” Ro-Pat-In 1932 - First “Conan the Barbarian” story, “The Phoenix on the Sword” 1932 - Al Capone sent to prison 1932 - Bonnie and Clyde start crime spree 1932 - Times New Roman released 1933 - “The Lone Ranger” first radio broadcast 1933 - “King Kong” 1933-4 John Dillenger’s active crime time 1933 - Prohibition ends 1934 - Flash Gordon comic strip start 1934 - “Surgeon’s Photo” of Loch Ness Monster, faked - Col. Robert Wilson 1934 - Alcatraz opened 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde killed 1935 - Schrodinger’s cat thought experiment - Erwin Schrodinger 1936 - “How to Win Friends and Influence People” - Dale Carnegie - first best-selling self-help book 1937 - Cobb salad invented (Robert Cobb/Chuck Wilson) 1937 - “Guernica” - Picasso 1937 - Hindenburg disaster 1937 - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” - first feature length cel animated film 1937 - “The Hobbit” - JRR Tolkien 1937 - SPAM introduced by Hormel 1937 - Hindenburg disaster 1938 - first Superman comic 1938 - “Our Town” - Thorton Wilder 1939 - WWII begins 1939-1944 - Penicillin mass produced 1939 - Heinkel He 178 V1, the first turbojet aircraft to fly 1939 - “Batman” Bob Kane 1939 - “The Wizard of Oz”, “Gone With the Wind”, “Stagecoach” 1940 - Bugs Bunny Debut “A Wild Hare” 1941 - Messerschmitt ME 262 - first operation jet fighter 1941 - America joins WWII 1941 - “Wonder Woman” William Moulton Marston 1941-ish - Television standardized in US 1942 - “Casablanca” 1942 - “Nighthawks” Edward Hopper 1942 - Executive Order 9066 - Americans of Japanese descent Internment Camps 1942 - Napalm developed 1944 - Fire Balloons - first intercontinental ranged weapon (weather balloons with bombs attached) 1945 - WWII ends 1945 - United Nations founded 1946 - ENIAC, the first computer completed 1947 - Cold War start 1947 - July 8 - “UFO” incident - Roswell, NM 1947 - Oct 14 sound barrier broken - Chuck Yeager in the X-1 1947 - Beginning of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism 1947 - Assassination of Ghandi - formation of India and Pakistan 1947 - Radarange - first commercially available microwave oven 1948 - “No.5, 1948” Jackson Pollock 1948 - Cat litter invented 1949 - Chinese Communist Revolution 1949 - carbon dating created/published (BP is calibrated to 1950) 1950 -  “Peanuts” Charles Schultz 1950 - Start of Korean War 1950 - “Treasure Island” - Disney - source of ‘arr’ pirate accent 1953 - End of Korean War 1953 - Playboy started 1953 - “Casino Royale” first James Bond novel - Ian Fleming 1953 - DNA double helix structure identified - James Watson and Francis Crick off of Rosalind Franklin’s work 1954 - Elvis Presley starts recording 1954 - First Transistor Radio 1954 - “Motivation and Personality” - Abraham Maslow - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1954 - “Godzilla” 1954 - Brown v Board of Education - separate but equal is BS 1955 - “Rebel Without a Cause” 1955 - “Lord of the Rings” trilogy published - JRR Tolkien 1955 - Vietnam War start 1955 - Courier typeface released 1955 - Polio vaccine 1955 - Rosa Parks sits at the front of the bus 1956 - Acetaminophen released (Tylenol) 1956 - “The Searchers” 1957 - Sputnik - first man-made satellite - USSR 1957 - End of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism 1957 - Helvetica typeface released 1958 - WD-40 commercially available 1959 - AK and HI become states 1959 - Xerox 914 - plain paper photocopier 1959 - Metric used to define US Customary units 1961 - Berlin wall started 1961 - First openly gay man to run for political office, San Francisco Board of Supervisors - Jose Julio Sarria aka Empress Jose I, The Widow Norton 1962 - “Spider-Man”, “Thor”, “Hulk” created Stan Lee, Steve Ditko 1962 - “Dr. No” - first James Bond film 1963 - Kennedy Assassination 1963 - Alcatraz closed 1964 - “The Son of Man” Rene Magritte 1964 - British Invasion - Beatles play on Ed Sullivan Show 1964 - Vietnam War really gets going 1965 - Kevlar invented - Stephanie Kwolek 1967 - St Louis Gateway Arch completed 1966 - U of T at Austin Tower sniper killings: Charles Whitman 1966 - US-market passenger cars required: padded instrument panels, front and rear outboard lap belts, and white backup lamps 1966 - “Star Trek” airs 1967 - Interracial Marriage in US legal: Loving v Virginia 1967 - Patterson-Gilman Bigfoot Film 1967 - Countertop Radarange microwave oven 1968 - first black woman elected to Congress - Shirley Chisholm 1968 - visible LED lights introduced as indicators (Hewlett Packard) 1969 - Cuyahoga river catches fire. Again. 13th time’s the charm 1969 - “Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!” - Joe Ruby, Ken Spears 1969 - Ibuprofen released UK (prescription only) 1969 - Moon landing 1969 - “True Grit” 1969 - Stonewall Riots 1970 - Beatles break up 1970 - Kent State Massacre 1970 - EPA established in reaction to Cuyahoga river and other environment problems 1971 - Kevlar introduced to world 1972 - Sperm Whale oil banned from use in transmission oil b/c Endangered Species Act 1972 - Watergate break-in 1972 - J Edgar Hoover dies and is replaced as Director of the FBI 1972 - “The Godfather” - Francis Ford Coppola 1972 - 8” floppy disk on market 1973 - Abortion Legal: Roe v Wade 1973 - American involvement in Vietnam war ended 1973 - Xerox Alto introduced - computer with GUI, mouse 1974 - Terracotta Army unearthed 1974 - Dungeons & Dragons RPG first published 1974 - Nixon resigns 1975 - Vietnam war end 1976 - Concorde jet service starts 1976 - Harvey Milk is the first openly gay man, non-incumbent, elected in the United States (and first openly gay person elected to public office in California) member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors 1976 - 5 1/4” floppy disk on market 1977 - TRS-80 and Apple II family introduced 1977 - Atari VCS (later 2600) - home video game console 1977 - “Star Wars” - a ‘blockbuster’ movie becomes a thing 1979 - “Alien” 1980 - Pac-Man released in US 1980 - Eruption of Mount St. Helens 1981 - “Raiders of the Lost Ark” 1982 - Arial computer font release 1982 - Commercial release of compact discs (CDs) 1982 - “E.T. the ExtraTerrestrial” 1983 - Nintendo game system released Japan 1983 - “Thriller” - Michael Jackson 1984 - Macintosh introduced - first mass market PC with GUI and mouse 1984 - OTC ibuprofen available (Advil) 1984 - First commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone Motorola DynaTAC 8000X 1984 - PG-13 rating introduced after complaints about films such as “Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom” and “Gremlins” 1985 - Nintendo released in US 1985 - “Calvin and Hobbes” - Bill Watterson 1986 - Challenger explosion 1990 - Berlin wall fell/German reunification 1990 - First website goes live on World Wide Web 1990 - NC-17 replaces X rating 1991 - Cold War end 1991 - “Nevermind” - Nirvana 1997 - “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” - JK Rowling 2001 - 9/11 2004 - Facebook 2005 - Hurricane Katrina 2007 - Twitter   Tumblr   iPhone 2008 - First Black President 2016 - First Clown President

[oltnews]

It is rather presumptuous to call you the biggest rock 'n' roll band in the world, but when you have a catalog of songs as impressive as the Rolling Stones', the label may be true.During its legendary career spanning over 60 years, the iconic English group has written some of the greatest melodies in the history of music. From simple rockers to songs tinged with blues, soul, country and even dance, the Stones have proven their mastery for all genres they touched.Given their stature and their continued influence on other artists, it is not surprising that the Stones remain one of the most covered acts in rock music. And while YouTube is brimming with budding stars offering off-key versions of "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" and toothless renditions of "Gimme Shelter", many fellow musicians have found distinctive new ways to reinterpret classic songs of the Stones.We scoured the mud to find the 50 best Rolling Stones covers.David Bowie, "Let's Spend the Night Together" (1973)The Stones released "Let's spend the night together" on their 1967 album Between the buttons. The track was also a double A-side single with "Ruby Tuesday" and became a moderate hit in the UK - although its sexual nature resulted in a reduction in circulation in the United States Six years later, David Bowie gave to the song a glam-rock makeover, add layers of synthesizer and increase the tempo. The singer - then in the middle of Ziggy Stardust - released his version on his 1973 LP Aladdin Sane.Johnny Cash, "No Expectations" (1978)The Man in Black delivered a catchy rendition of "No Expectations" on his 1978 LP Missing girl. While the original Stones - released in 1968 on their Banquet of beggars album - was a more moderate affair, Cash heightened the energy of the track with a sweltering guitar, soulful backing vocals and an emphatic harmonica solo.Devo, "(I cannot get satisfaction)" (1978)Devo's offbeat interpretation of this classic hit from the Stones has become a revolutionary piece for the Akron group. The version evolved during one of the group's jam sessions. At first, leader Mark Mothersbaugh - a staunch fan of the Stones - started singing "Paint It, Black" to the weird rhythm of his group mates. When the words didn't match the rhythm, it went to the words of "(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction" ... and a legendary revival was born. Just before its release in 1978, Devo played his version for Mick Jagger. After initially showing no response to the song, the Stones singer "suddenly got up and started dancing on this Afghan rug in front of the fireplace," said Gerald Casale in a conversation with The new yorker. Jagger gave his blessing and Devo would soon perform the song on Saturday Night Live.Tegan and Sara, "Fool to Cry" (2013)Twin pop-rock duo Tegan and Sara tackled the Stones "Fool to Cry" for the HBO soundtrack Girls. While the original version from 1976 was a sweet and moving ballad, this cover featured layers of synths, drums and guitars, resulting in a modern and rich update.Linda Ronstadt, "Tumbling Dice" (1978)In a 1978 interview with Hit parader magazine, Linda Ronstadt explained how "Tumbling Dice" was added to her repertoire. "The group used to play this all last summer at the soundcheck," noted the singer. "I really loved it too, but no one knew the words. Then Mick came backstage when I was at the Universal Amphitheater and said, "You do too many ballads, you should do more rock'n'roll songs." Describing the singer of the Stones as "the greatest singer of contemporary rock'n'roll, writer of rock'n'roll", Ronstadt literally forced his hand. "I made him write the words for this song and learned it."Guns N ’Roses,“ Jumpin ’Jack Flash” (2018)This Rolling Stones cover was part of the bonus material included in the remastered Guns N ’Roses’ 2018 Appetite for destruction box. Recorded during a 1986 session at the Sound City studios in Van Nuys, California, the track sees GNR deliver a high octane version of "Jumpin Jack Flash". The guitars are noisy, the groan of Axl Rose is powerful and the energy is palpable from the opening note. Three years after the song was recorded, GNR would open for the Stones at the Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, a performance that is remembered more for its chaos than for its music.The Who, "Under My Thumb" (1967)Although not included in the original version of the album Who's rarities and outtakes Dimensions and lawns, the cover of the group "Under My Thumb" would make its way towards the 1998 and 2011 reissues of the LP. The Who recorded the song in 1967 as support when Mick Jagger and Keith Richards were detained in England for drugs.Elton John, "Honky Tonk Women" (1971)Just over a year after the original was released, Elton John covered the Stones "Honky Tonk Women" on a radio show in New York. The performance will eventually become the singer 11/17/70 live album, released in 1971. Notably, John's version supplants the guitar tone of the Stones with John's distinctive piano style.Jane’s Addiction, “Sympathy for the Devil” (1987)Jane’s Addiction’s self-titled debut album was widely recorded during a performance at the Roxy Theater in Los Angeles. Included in the 1987 release was their version of "Sympathy for the Devil" from the Rolling Stones. For their cover, Perry Farrell and company amplified the psychedelia, adding bongos and swirling sounds to the arrangement. Dave Navarro is also making his presence felt with hot guitar solos.Albert King, "Honky Tonk Women" (1971)It's no secret that the Stones were inspired by American blues musicians, and they don't have much more influence than Albert King. It must have been a source of pride when the Bulldozer Velvet decided to cover "Honky Tonk Woman" on his 1971 album Lovejoy. As you would expect, the rendering is filled with fantastic guitar solos and soulful voices. The support of the legendary rhythm section Muscle Shoals further elevates the track.U2, "Paint It Black" (1992)U2 rides their early punk sound and more pop trends on this version of the Stones 'Paint It Black'. The cover was released on the B side of the 1992 U2 single, "Who's Gonna Ride Your Wild Horses". While the atmosphere is less threatening than the original, the best in Dublin have added tambourine, harmonies, vocal effects and an explosive guitar, appropriating them while remaining faithful to the original.Elvis Costello & Lucinda Williams, “Wild Horses” (2002)Carrefour CMT welcomed extraordinary guests during its two-decade television series. The show, which brings together country artists and musicians from other genres, was premiered on January 13, 2002. In this first episode, alternative country star Lucinda Williams sang alongside rock legend Elvis Costello. Before their rendition of "Wild Horses", the last singer explained that the song "made me think of this kind of music" when it was first released by the Stones in 1971.Lindsey Buckingham, "She Smiled Softly" (2011)Fleetwood Mac guitarist Lindsey Buckingham kept it simple on this cover of The Stones' "She Smiles Sweetly". While the original featured drums, bass and organ, Buckingham decided to take a minimalist approach, removing things only for vocals and acoustic guitar. The result is a distinctive and poignant interpretation, which was featured on the Buckingham solo LP in 2011 Seeds we sow.The Allman Brothers Band, "Heart of Stone" (2003)By the time they released their 12th and final album, the Allman Brothers Band showed little resemblance to their original selves. Finis Duane Allman, Berry Oakley and Dickey Betts, with Gregg Allman, Jaimoe Johanson and Butch Trucks the original remaining members. However, the line-up changes did not prevent the group from offering a powerful cover of the 1964 single of the Rolling Stones "Heart of Stone".The Folksmen, "Start Me Up" (2003)The fictional folk group - made up of Christopher Guest, Michael McKean and Harry Shearer from Spinal Tap - is best known for its role in the 2003 fake documentary. A strong wind. Their interpretation of the Stones classic "Start Me Up" was featured on the film's soundtrack, while the trio also performed the song during promotional appearances. In the clip here, late night host Conan O’Brien asked if the Folksmen heard the Stones about their coverage. "A disturbing silence," replies McKean as Mark Shubb.Rag N ’Bone Man,“ Gimme Shelter ”(2017)British singer-songwriter Rag N ’Bone Man delivered this coverage of the Stones' Gimme Shelter in 2017 as part of BBC Radio 1 Live Show. The slow combustion rendering explodes halfway, the power of the moving vocal performance is matched only by the dizzying riffs of the guitarist.Eric Burdon & War, "Paint It Black" (1970)An interpretation for those who listened to the original Stones and thought, "It would be great if it was three times longer." The psychedelic funk jam band Eric Burdon & War scored a minor hit with their version of "Paint It Black" when it was released in 1970.Motorhead, "Sympathy for the Devil" (2015)This version of "Sympathy for the Devil" had the honor of being the last song from Motorhead's latest album. The group Bad magic LP was released in August 2015, just four months before the death of singer Lemmy Kilmister. Surprisingly, the metal icon still sounded great on the track, giving the song its signature growl.Cat Power, "(I cannot get satisfaction)" (2000)Singer-songwriter Cat Power wowed fans and other artists with his distinctive style of indie rock. She has collaborated with many great artists over the years, including Dave Grohl, Eddie Vedder and Iggy Pop. On his 2000 LP The cover record, the singer has redesigned some of her favorite songs, including this sensual interpretation of the satisfaction of "Stones (" I can't get no ")".The Soup Dragons, "I'm Free" (1990)The Scottish alt-rockers, the Soup Dragons, were a resounding success with their 1990 performance of "I am free" from the Stones. The cover - which added a dance rhythm and reggae twitch to the track - was a Top 10 hit in the UK, Australia and New Zealand, and reached No. 2 on the Billboard Alternative Songs charts. in the USA.Sundays, "Wild Horses" (1992)In the mid-90s craze for emotional acoustic rock on the female front, this cover of the Stones' Wild Horses emerged. The restitution, delivered by the English group The Sunday, would be the subject of a significant radio broadcast while appearing in the film. Fear, TV show Buffy the Vampire Slayer and an advertisement for Budweiser.Scorpions, "Ruby Tuesday" (2011)German heavy rockers The Scorpions recorded this version of "Ruby Tuesday" for their 2011 compilation album, Come back. The release - which saw the group cover a handful of songs by other artists, as well as re-recording their own classic songs - was kind of a comeback, given that the German group had released their "final" LP, Sting in the tail, just a year earlier.Betty LaVette, "Salt of the Earth" (2010)R&B singer Betty LaVette lent her powerful voice to this magnificent rendition of the working class anthem of the Stones "Salt of the Earth". While the original, released in 1968 Banquet of beggars, looked more like an optimistic jam, LaVette refused things, adding a horn section and an organ to her moving performance. The cover appeared on the singer's LP in 2010 Interpretations: The British Rock Songbook.Social distortion, "Under My Thumb" (1996)The venerable punk rock band Social Distortion added aggressiveness and frenzy to the Stones' "Under My Thumb" in this cover, published in 1996 on their White light, white heat, white trash LP. Singer Mike Ness has long professed admiration for British rockers, noting in an interview with Consequence of Sound in 2018 that Social D's music brand is "somewhere between" the Stones and the Ramones.Little Richard, "Brown Sugar" (1971)Like many musicians, Mick Jagger had an unwavering appreciation of Little Richard. The singer of the Stones was particularly impressed by the "take of the public" by the pioneer of rock'n'roll. "I couldn't believe the power," Jagger said of Richard, adding that the rock icon was his "first idol". It is safe to assume while Jagger was on the moon when Little Richard decided to cover the "Brown Sugar" of the Stones in October 1971, just six months after the release of the original.Peter Frampton, "Jumpin 'Jack Flash" (1972)It's always exciting when one rock icon covers another, and this effort by Peter Frampton is no exception. The legendary musician transformed "Jumpin 'Jack Flash" into a fiery groove, featuring several moments of instrumental exuberance. It’s the only song not written by Frampton to appear on his first solo album, 1972 Wind of change. A live performance also appeared on the rocker's 1976 seminal LP, Frampton comes alive!Def Leppard, "You Can't Always Get What You Want" (1992)It's not exactly what you would expect from one of the biggest and best hard rock bands of the past four decades, but Def Leppard's cover of "You Can't Always Get What You Want" is a particularly bare acoustic gem. It was released on the luxury edition of the group's LP in 1992 Adrenalize. The Celtic influences on the track come from Hothouse Flowers, the Irish group that collaborated on this cover.Liz Phair, "Little Mother Help" (2005)Singer-songwriter Liz Phair recorded her cover of "Mother’s Little Helper" for the album's 2005 soundtrack album Desperate housewives. The Stones ode to drug addict home bodies receives an infusion of venom in the hands of Phair, the singer expelling the catchy but somber words of the melody with a poignant and captivating delivery.PP Arnold, “You Can't Always Get What You Want” (2017)In the late 1960s and early 1970s, soul singer PP Arnold recorded a collection of songs that were to appear on her album. The turning tide. The LP, produced by Eric Clapton and Barry Gibb of the Bee Gees, was caught in the label's paperwork and did not see the light of day until 2017. Surprisingly, given the time that has passed, the recordings n have lost none of their emotional impact, including Arnold's powerful cover of "You Can't Always Get What You Want".The Holmes Brothers, "Beast of Burden" (1997)In 1997 House of Blues released a compilation album called Paint It, Blue: Songs of the Rolling Stones. As its name suggests, the LP featured an assortment of Stones classics reinvented by various blues artists. Among the highlights was this cover of "Beast of Burden" by the Holmes Brothers.Tori Amos, "Angie" (1992)Tori Amos brought its distinctive mark of piano and song to this cover of "Angie", released in 1992 on the Crucify EP. Although the original of the Stones was already a ballad deploring the lost love, anxiety and emotion rose in the hands of Amos, the singer seeming to tears at various times of the track. The result is both heartbreaking and beautiful.Joan Jett and the Blackhearts, "Star Star" (1983)One of the hottest songs in the Stones catalog was also controversial for Joan Jett. The singer included an uncensored version of "Star Star" as a hidden track on the cassette version of her group's LP in 1983 Album. Outraged by the song, several chain stores, including Walmart, refused to sell the outlet. Cover reappeared later on Jett's 1993 compilation Go back.Stone Sour feat. Lizzy Hale, "Gimme Shelter" (2015)Hard-rock band Corey Taylor Stone Sour has released a cover EP called Straight Outta Burbank in a limited edition for the Record Stone Day 2015. The highlight of the EP was this powerful cover of the "Gimme Shelter" of the Stones, with the invitation of Lizzy Hale from the metal group Halestorm.Tina Turner, "Under My Thumb" (1975)R&B legend Tina Turner toppled the classic Stones "Under My Thumb" on her head for this 1975 cover. While the original song tells the story of a man who took control of a sexual relationship, Turner reversed the script, making the woman the dominant force. In doing so, the singer also turned "Under My Thumb" into an unexpected celebration of women's empowerment.Otis Redding, "(I cannot get satisfaction)" (1965)Soul icon Otis Redding released his version of "Satisfaction" in September 1965, just a few months after the release of the original Rolling Stones. For his interpretation, Redding dropped the recognizable guitar part of the melody, instead of enlisting a section of funky horn. The result is a rendering that remains somewhat faithful to the original while feeling completely unique. The cover was featured on Redding's beloved Otis Blue LP, an album often ranked among the greatest of all time.La Roux, "Under my thumb" (2010)Grammy-winning electronic duo La Roux released their version of "Under My Thumb" in the Divert compilation version. The cover is far from the original, with the classic rock sound of the Stones replaced by synthesizers and a lively dance rhythm. Some may criticize the track for moving too far from the original. Instead, we will celebrate La Roux's daring reinvention of song.Prince, "Honky Tonk Woman" (1995)Years before Purple rain made him a star, Prince was invited by Mick Jagger to open for the Rolling Stones at a few concerts in Los Angeles. Unfortunately, the performances did not go well, the Purple One being booed off the stage. Yet Prince's respect for the Stones has never wavered, and he has sometimes performed many of the group's songs in concert throughout his career. In 1995, this one take version of "Honky Tony Woman" was included in Prince's VHS release The entrepreneur.Rage Against the Machine, "Street Fighting Man" (2000)In 2000, hard rockers Rage Against the Machine decided to honor some of their major musical influences with a cover album called Renegades. The release included work written by Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, the Stooges, Devo and the Rolling Stones. The Street Fighting Man version of Rage was overflowing with anxiety, energy and aggression, exactly what you'd expect from the much-vaunted political rockers.Aretha Franklin, "(I cannot get satisfaction)" (1968)The Queen of Soul gave the Stones hit its own twist, releasing her interpretation of "Satisfaction" in 1968. Aretha Franklin and the Stones will gain mutual respect over the years, with Mick Jagger even appearing briefly in the documentary. the concert amazing Grace (filmed in 1972 but not released before 2019). When Franklin died in 2018, the singer of the Stones said, "She was so inspiring, and wherever you are, she always brought you to church."Oasis, "Street Fighting Man" (1998)Oasis released this cover of "Street Fighting Man" as the B side of their 1998 single "All Around the World". In 2008, guitarist Noel Gallagher compared his group to the Stones. “Oasis is a group that you understand or not. Everyone knows who we are. You must see us in league with the Rolling Stones now, "he said. Is anyone surprised?Soundgarden, "Stray Cat Blues" (1991)The dirty ode of the Stones to a minor groupie has been transformed in this interpretation of Soundgarden. Released as the B side of the Seattle Jesus Rockers single in 1991, "Jesus Christ Pose", the cover is enhanced by the scotch guitar by Kim Thayil and the powerful voice of Chris Cornell.Tesla, "Mother's Little Help" (1990)Tesla is normally known for increasing noise, which is why it came as a surprise when the band swapped their amps for acoustic guitars for the 1990 live album. Five Man Acoustical Jam. The LP has seen Sacramento rockers reinvent a handful of their own songs, while covering a variety of other artists. This version included this version of "Mother’s Little Helper".Kiss, "2000 Man" (1979)Compared to some of the other songs on this list, "2000 Man" is a lesser-known song by the Stones. Still, that didn't stop the makeup rockers - and the future Rock & Roll Hall of Famers - Kiss from covering the song on their 1979 album. Dynasty. Guitarist Ace Frehley took the lead vocals on the track, which also appeared on the 1996 live album Kiss Unplugged.Susan Tedeschi, "You Got the Silver" (2005)The Stones first song to feature Keith Richards on lead voice, "You Got the Silver" was originally released in 1969 on Let it bleed. Thirty-six years later, Susan Tedeschi included this version on her 2005 cover album, Hope and desire. In his hands, the song receives more country and blues influences than the original, including a howling guitar part delivered by her husband Derek Trucks.Black Joe Lewis and the Honeybears, "Sway" (2011)In 2011, Mojo the magazine recruited an assortment of acts for their album tribute to the Rolling Stones Sticky Soul Fingers. One of the most notable titles of the release was this blues-rock cover of "Sway", delivered by Black Joe Lewis & the Honeybears.Sharon Jones and the Dap Kings, "Wild Horses" (2011)Another highlight of Mojo’S Sticky Soul Fingers compilation was this emphatic rendition of "Wild Horses" by Sharon Jones and the Dap Kings. Although the original is a windy acoustic ballad, Jones intensified the energy with a vibrant and moving interpretation.Meat puppets, "What to do" (1999)When the influential rock trio Meat Puppets reissued their second album, Meat puppets II, in 1999, they included a handful of previously unavailable runs. Among them was this cover of the first song from the Stones "What to Do".Phish, "Loving Cup" (2010)Jam group Phish has made the Stones Loving Cup a regular part of their live set for over a decade. Air - originally released on the iconic 1972 Stones LP Exile on Main Street. - has also appeared on several Phish live albums, including At Roxy, Hampton / Winston-Salem '97, Amsterdam and the 2010 concert film Phish 3D.Marianne Faithfull, "Au fil des larmes" (1964)The rare case where the cover came out before Mariannes Faithfull released their version of "As Tears Go By" in 1964. The song, which was written by Richards and Jagger, became Faithfull's revolutionary hit, peaking at number 9 on the UK chart. The Stones will release their version in December 1965, just when Jagger and Faithfull became the swinging 60s couple.Chevy Metal, "Miss You" (2017)Foo Fighters drummer Taylor Hawkins' side project, Chevy Metal, has developed a passionate following through their animated versions of many classic rock songs. The group regularly covers artists like Queen, Van Halen, Motley Crue, The Doors and The Beatles during their dynamic concerts. Here, the group, accompanied by their compatriot Foo Dave Grohl, delivers their interpretation of the flagship piece of the 1978 Rolling Stones "Miss You".window.twttr = (function(d, s, id) (document, "script", "twitter-wjs")); (function(d, s, id) var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); (document, "script", "facebook-jssdk")); !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function()n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments); if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '631470830669776'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); https://oltnews.com/the-50-best-covers-of-the-rolling-stones-ultimate-classic-rock?_unique_id=5e9f44a896e22

[alamante]

Authorities in Los Angeles released dramatic body cam video on Tuesday of a shooting in June that killed a knife-wielding man and a women he was holding hostage – the first of two incidents this summer where a bystander was killed as police tried to stop an attacker.

The shooting on June 16 took place outside a homeless outreach center in Van Nuys, when the attacker, later identified as Guillermo Perez, tried to saw off a hostage’s head, police said. Officers fired nearly 20 times, striking both of them.

“It’s been 13 years since an officer’s gunfire has killed an innocent bystander or hostage in this department,” Police Chief Michel Moore said at a news conference. “In the last six weeks, it’s happened twice.”

The second shooting took place on July 21, when police tried to stop an armed man from entering a Trader Joe’s supermarket and struck Melyda Corado, 27, the supermarket’s assistant manager who was standing nearby. Corado, a recently promoted employee, was pronounced dead at the scene.

TRADER JOE’S EMPLOYEE, WHO DIED IN HOSTAGE SITUATION, KILLED BY LAPD GUNFIRE, CHIEF SAYS

“This is another case where officers were forced to make split-second decisions based on the actions of a violent individual,” Moore said Tuesday.

In newly released footage from officers’ body cameras, police spotted Perez holding a large knife and a metal folding chair outside the Central Lutheran Church after receiving a 911 call that a man had stabbed his ex-girlfriend.

“Drop the knife!” an officer repeatedly shouted at Perez, who ignored the command.

An LAPD office can be seen telling Perez to drop the knife he was holding.

 (Los Angeles Police Department)

After an officer fires several rounds from a bean bag shotgun, Perez grabbed a folding chair to use as a shield to deflect them.

The 32-year-old them grabs a woman, identified as Elizabeth Tollison, and holds a knife to her throat.

Guillermo Perez can be seen holding a knife to Elizabeth Tollison’s throat before police opened fire.

 (Los Angeles Police Department)

Witnesses told police that Perez moved the knife in a “sawing motion against her throat and cut her throat,” Cmdr. Alan Hamilton, who leads the unit that investigates police shootings, said in the video released by police Tuesday.

MINNEAPOLIS POLICE RELEASE FOOTAGE OF FATAL SHOOTING OF ARMED MAN; OFFICERS WON’T FACE CHARGES

As Perez cut the woman’s throat, three of the officers opened fire, shooting 18 rounds, killing Perez and Tollison. The LAPD said that Tollison was hit by two rounds.

The video released Tuesday, July 31, marked the second time LAPD gunfire has killed a bystander in the last six weeks.

 (Los Angeles Police Department)

Perez, a noted gang member, had recently been released from prison after serving multiple felony domestic abuse and assault charges, according to police.

Perez’s ex-girlfriend, who was being attacked when the initial 911 call was made, was taken to the hospital with injuries that were not life-threatening.

Moore told reporters that hostages’ lives are a priority and recruits are generally taught to use a “precise head shot.” He said an investigation will look at whether the officers’ actions align with hostage training.

“The life of a hostage is paramount and protecting that individual from the threat of the assailant,” Moore said. “In doing that, the balancing act the officer has is how to protect them by stopping the suspect’s actions.”

The police chief added that he was concerned because the average number of rounds fired by officers during shootings had increased last year, and the average number of officers involved in those shootings also increased.

“There’s much more work remaining and only upon further review of the investigation will I be in a position to provide my recommendations on the actions of those involved,” Moore said Tuesday.

The LAPD plans to implement a new training program, and is exploring how to equip officers with other non-lethal weapons, he added. Tollison’s family is going to file a wrongful death lawsuit on Wednesday, a representative from the family told Fox News.

Fox News’ William Lajeunesse, Ryan Gaydos and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

Travis Fedschun is a reporter for FoxNews.com. Follow him on Twitter @travfed

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[scrmnviking]

A Timeline of Science, Art, and Culture References

For funsies, I decided to compile a timeline of events that are referred to in Western American cultural heritage. This is so I could get a grip on questions like “could Shakespeare have seen the ‘Mona Lisa’?“ or “could have Martin Luther’s thesis been set in Helvetica?” or “were ninjas concurrent with Caribbean pirates or the discovery of America?” I know not everything is included, and I left out many contributions that were significant, but I tried to make a point by including what I did. Especially with the scientific advancements. Some things are trivial, but rather interesting (sperm whale oil use, I’m looking at you). Other things, I just liked. I also left off most of the 20th & 21st century, because it’s mostly living memory.

In other words, don’t shoot the messenger if your favorite thing isn’t included.

With that said, here is what I have so far. Enjoy!:

Relativity: The Concurrent Timeline of Pop Knowledge (US focused)

BCE 250,000 BCE - cooking fires (hearths) ~40,000 BCE - clothing ~30,000 BCE - Chauvet cave paintings ~24,000 BCE - Venus of Willendorf ~10,000 BCE - Agriculture invented ~8,000 BCE - Smilodon Fatalis goes extinct <8700 BCE - Stone Age 5500 BCE - Copper Age - Vinca culture first to process copper 4000-3001 BCE - Papyrus - writing stuff, not the font 4000 BCE - Corn (maize) dispersed into Central America and Columbia 3000-ish BCE - Stonehenge     - Cuneiform script 3300 - 600 BCE - Bronze Age                          - parchment vellum 3250-3000 BCE Taoism 3000 BCE - Kohl (stibnite mixed with fat) used as eye makeup 2560–2540 BCE Great Pyramids of Giza 2558–2532 BCE Sphinx of Giza 2100 BCE - Xia dynasty - first dynasty of China (by tradition) 2000 BCE - isolated pocket of Wooly Mammoths go extinct on Wrangel Island 1800 BCE - Epic of Gilgamesh 1770 BCE - Babylon largest city in world 1754 BCE - Code of Hammurabi 1750 BCE - oldest known written complaint from consumer Nanni to merchant Ea-Nasir, in cuneiform 1556 BCE - Shang dynasty  (or Yin dynasty) of China ruled in Yellow River valley 1500 BCE - Oracle bone script - oldest form of Chinese writing yet found 1400 BCE - Beginnings of Olmec civilization 1323 BCE - King Tutankhamun’s death 1312 BCE - Judaism (Moses given Oral Torah) 1200 BCE - 700 CE Iron Age 1046 BCE - Shang dynasty ended, Zhao dynasty began (China) 753 BCE - Rome founded 495 BCE - Pythagorean theorem (Pythagoras dies. Unrelated) 480 BCE - Battle of Thermopylae (“300” was based on it) 475 BCE - Royal Road of the Persian Empire (precursor to the Silk Road) 470-399 BCE - Socrates - Socratic method - break a problem down into a series of questions. Sentenced to drink hemlock. 460-370 BCE - Hippocrates - Doctor’s oath (Do No Harm) 450 BCE - Buddhism founded 428-337 BCE - Plato - Allegory of the Cave 350 BCE - Olmecs decline 385 BCE - Plato founds Academy - first university 4th Cent BCE - gears - China 384-322 BCE - Aristotle - founder formal logic 370 BCE - death of Hippocrates of Kos - father of medicine 356-323 BCE - Alexander the Great 321 BCE - Serpent Mound in Adams county, OH built (Adena culture) 300 BCE - “Elements” Euclid - Euclidean geometry, geometric algebra, finding square root 287-212 BCE - Archimedes (“Eureka!” - displacement) 230 BCE - Aristarchus of Samos dies (heliocentrism, sun a star) 221 - BCE - Qin Shi Huang united warring kingdoms  and became emperor of Qin dynasty, beginning Imperial China 218 BCE - Hannibal marches elephants over the Alps in the 2nd Punic War 209 BCE - Terracotta Army buried with Qin Shi Huang 196 BCE - Rosetta Stone carved 150 BCE - Seleucus of Seleucia theorizes cause of tides is the Moon 120 BCE - The Silk Road connects Europe with China 100 BCE - Antikythera mechanism (analog computer to calculate planet position) Teotihuacan established 48 BCE - burning of Library at Alexandria 44 BCE - Et tu, Brute? - Julius Caesar killed

CE

1st Cent 1 - Lions extinct in Western Europe 43 - Londinium (London, England) established 64 - Great Fire of Rome (the one to which Nero supposedly fiddled) 70 - Christianity Founded/separated from Judaism (destruction of the Second Temple) 79 - Mount Vesuvius buries Pompeii 80 - Colosseum of Rome built (finished)

2nd Cent 105 - Paper Invented - China 122 - Hadrian’s Wall started, largely completed in 6 years 132 - Seismometer - Zhang Heng

3rd Cent 200 - Kama Sutra compendium collected 220 - Three Kingdoms era start Kongming lanterns (unmanned hot air balloon signals - think Tangled lights) ~250 - Teotihuacan monuments construction finished 280 - Three Kingdoms era end

4th Cent 300 - probably earliest habitation of Hawaiian islands 313 - Christianity legalized in Roman Empire by Constantine I “Edict of Milan” 322 - the stirrup - China 325 - First Council of Niceaea (Niceaen Creed - compilation of the Bible) called by Constantine the Great 380 - Theodosius issues “Cuncto populos” aka “Edict of Thessalonica” - Nicene Trinitarian Christianity only legitimate imperial religion and only one to entitled to call itself Catholic. Also ended state support for polytheistic religions and customs.

5th Cent 407 - Rome’s withdrawal from Britain 410 - Rome sacked by Visigoths 434 - Attila the Hun started ruling the Huns 453 - Attila the Hun dies 455 - Rome sacked by Vandals 476 - Rome fell 477/495 - Chan Buddhists found Shaolin Monastery Late - Legendary King Arthur leads defense of Britain against Saxons

6th Cent Backgammon invented in Persia by Burzoe early - Zen Buddhism enters Vietnam from China 525 - Scythian monk Dionysius Exiguus invents Anno Domini era calendar ~550 - Teotihuacan major monuments sacked and burned 581-618 - Shaolin Kung Fu formed (Shaolin Luohan’s 18 hands) 589 - first documented use of toilet paper - China

7th Cent Sutton Hoo ship burial 628 - Concept of zero in mathematics, India 632 - Islam/ Death of Muhammed 650 - Chinese Paper money issued 670 - “Greek fire” invented

8th Cent Picts of Scotland design first European triangular harp 770 - iron horseshoes in common use 771 - Charlemagne, King of the Franks 790 - Viking Age begins

9th Cent early - ”The Book of the Tale of the Thousand Nights" oldest manuscript fragments 800 - Charlemagne founds Carolingian Empire 800 - Book of Kells created 800 - Soap being made in Spain and Italy 814 - Charlemagne dies 841 - Dublin founded by Vikings

10th Cent Norse become Normans decline of Mayans, rise of Toltecs Erik the Red founded Greenland Hops first mentioned in beer brewing 904 - Fire Arrows used in China, i.e. arrows with gunpowder 958 - 986 - Harald Bluetooth’s reign - Introduced Christianity to Denmark and consolidated rule over most of Jutland and Zealand (Bluetooth computer protocol named after him)

11th Cent 1000 - “Kitab Al-Tasrif” (The Method of Medicine) - Arabic encyclopedia on medicine and surgery - Abu Al Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) 1001 - Leif Eriksson establish settlements around Vinland, North America 1025 - ��Beowulf” 1025 - 1120 - colonization of Society Islands (Eastern Polonesia) 1066 - Viking Age ended 1066 - Battle of Hastings, Norman conquest of England 1086 - Domesday Book - William I of England 1090 - Hassan al Sabbah takes over Almut, establishes the so-called hashashin (Assassins cf. Assassin’s Creed) 1095 - First Crusade start 1098 - Siege of Antioch (first siege by crusade against a Muslim-held city) 1099 - First Crusade end

12th Distillation of alcohol- School of Salerno 1100 - Paper arrives in Europe 1100–1680 - Moai Carved (Rapa Nui/Easter Island statues) 1119 - Knights Templar established 1120 - White Ship Disaster leads to succession crisis in England 1150 - Angkor Wat built 1168 - decline of the Toltecs 1170 - Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, killed 1183 - Henry II (when “Lion in Winter” is supposed to have occurred) 1189 - Third Crusade led by Richard the Lionhearted 1190 - 1290 second wave of Eastern Polynsia colonization (including Hawaii and New Zealand) 1194 - Robin Hood era - when King Richard removed John the Usurper from the throne

13th Cent 1200 - England soapmaking begins 1200 - Easter Island settled 1202 - “Liber Abaci” Leonardo “Fibonacci” Bonacci - introduced Hindu-Arabic numeral system to West along with Fibonacci numbers 1206 - Ghengis Khan reign start 1206 - Mongol Empire started 1215 - Magna Carta signed 1220 - “Prose Edda” - Snorri Sturluson 1227 - Ghengis Khan reign end 1240 - Mongol Empire conquers Kievan Rus 1258 - Mongol seige of Baghdad (House of Wisdom destroyed) 1260 - Kublai Khan reign starts 1271 - Marco Polo went to the Orient 1271 - Kublai Khan establishes Yuan dynasty 1274 - “Summa Theologiae” - St. Thomas Aquinus 1286 - Eyeglasses invented (prob. Venice) 1294 - Kublai Khan reign end (death) 1295 - Marco Polo came back from the Orient

14th Cent 1300 - “Travels of Marco Polo” published (depicting the time 1271-1295) 1300 - Mechanical Escapement clocks in England 1300 - rise of the Aztecs 1305 - William Wallace hanged, drawn, and quartered (Braveheart) 1320 - “Divine Comedy” - Dante Alighieri 1337 - Mongol Empire ended 1337 - Hundred Years War start 1346 - Black Plague start 1347 - Occam’s Razor 1353 - Black plague end 1368 - End of Mongol Yuan Dynasy, Beginning of Ming Dynasty (like the vase. Wait for it)

15th Cent 1400 - “Canterbury Tales” - Geoffrey Chaucer 1415 - Battle of Agincourt (memorialized in Shakespeare’s St. Crispin’s Day speech) 1417 - Public illumination via oil lamps, London 1420-ish Donatello brings the Putto/Cupid figure back 1429 - Joan of Arc ends Siege of Orleans and turns tide of Hundred Years War 1431 - Joan of Arc killed 1434 - “Arnolfini Portrait” Jan van Eyck 1450-ish - Machu Picchu constructed Silk Road declines 1453 - Hundred Years War end 1455 - War of the Roses start (basis for GoT) 1456 - Guttenberg Bible printed - invention of moveable type 1458 - Vlad the Impaler (Dracul) got his name impaling Saxons 1464 - 87 - Ming Dynasty Vases - Chenghua and Xuande era 1480 - Spanish Inquisition gets underway 1485 - Iga and Koga clan ninjas hired by daimyos (record that ninjas are ‘a thing’) 1485 - “Vitruvian Man” - Leonardo DaVinci 1486 - “The Birth of Venus” Sandro Botticelli 1487 - War of the Roses end 1492 - Columbus lands in San Salvador 1494 - “Summa de arithmetica, geometria proportioni et proportionalita” - double-entry system of accounting codified - Friar Luca Pacioli 1494 - Scotch Whisky being produced 1495-1498 - “The Last Supper” - Leonardo DaVinci 1499 - Vasco da Gama returns to Lisbon, having gone around the Cape of Good Hope and finding the route to India

16th Cent Coffee reaches Middle East, Persia, and Turkey from Mocha (yes, seriously) 1502 - Montezuma (Moctezuma II) starts reign  Aztec calendar stone aka Sun Stone carved (probably) 1503/7 - “Mona Lisa” - Leonardo DaVinci 1504 - “David” - Michelangelo 1509 - Henry VIII reign start 1510 - “School of Athens” Raphael (Sanzio da Urbino) 1512 - “Sistine Chapel” - Michelangelo 1513 - “The Prince” - Machiavelli 1515 - “Garden of Earthly Delights” Hieronymus Bosch 1516 - “Utopia” Thomas More 1517 - “95 Theses” - start of Reformation - Martin Luther 1519 - Magellan sets out to circumnavigate globe 1519 - Spanish conquest of Aztec Empire starts - Hernan Cortez 1521 - Magellan killed in Phillipines 1521 - Spanish conquest of Aztec Empire ends 1522 - Magellans ships circumnavigate globe 1540 - Coronado expedition start: Mexico to Kansas - sees Grand Canyon, Colorado River, bison herds, Rio Grande 1542 - Coronado expedition end 1542 - Mary, Queen of Scots reign start 1543 - Heliocentric model - Nicolaus Copernicus 1543 - printed descriptions and illustrations of human dissections - “De humani corporis fabrica” - Andreas Vesalius 1547 - Henry VIII reign end 1547 - Ivan the Terrible reign start 1555 - “Les Propheties” Nostradamus 1558 - Elizabeth I reign start 1559 - “Institutes of the Christian Religion” - John Calvin “Calvinism” 1561 - Garamond dies (his lettersets for typeface sold off) 1569 - Mercator projection map - Gerardus Mercator 1581 - last record of Iga and Koga clan ninjas hired by daimyos 1582 - Gregorian calendar - Pope Gregory XIII 1584 - Ivan the Terrible reign end (death) 1587 - Mary, Queen of Scots reign end (forced abdication) 1589 - Stocking frame - mechanical knitting machine - William Lee of Calverton 1590 - Roanoke colony found abandoned 1590/7 - A Midsummer Night’s Dream - William Shakespeare 1592 - The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus - Christopher Marlowe 1593 - Grace O’ Malley (the Pirate Queen) petitions Elizabeth I for the release of her sons 1597 - Romeo and Juliet - William Shakespeare 1599/1602 - Hamlet - William Shakespeare

17th Cent Clothing irons (flat irons/sad irons) 1600 - “On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth” - Earth itself is magnetic, has iron core - William Gilbert 1603 - Elizabeth I reign end (death) 1605 - Gunpowder plot (Guy Fawkes) 1607 - James Fort (Jamestown, VA) est. 1609 - Kepler’s Law of Planetary motion, 1 and 2 - Johannes Kepler 1614 - “Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio” - natural logarithms - John Napier 1615 - “Don Quixote” - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra 1619 - Kepler’s 3rd Law of Planetary motion 1620 - Plymouth colony founded 1622 - Founding of the French Musketeers of the Guard (they carried muskets) 1628 - “De motu cordis” - William Harvey - blood circulates, with the heart acting as a pump 1631 - Quinine (i.e. cinchona bark) used to treat malaria in Rome 1637 - Cogito ergo sum - Rene Descartes 1637 - Cartesian coordinate system - Rene Descartes 1638 - thermometer (thermoscope with scale) Robert Fludd 1642 - “The Night Watch” Rembrandt 1643 - Taj Mahal built 1644 - End of Ming Dynasty 1645 - “The Book of Five Rings” Miyamato Musashi 1645 - mechanical calculator - Blaise Pascal 1650 - Caribbean piracy era start 1654 - thermometer not also a barometer - Ferdinando II de Medici 1656 - Pendulum clock - Christiaan Huygens 1661 - “The Sceptical Chymist” - Robert Boyle - beginning of molecular theory in chemistry i.e. aggregates of bonded chemicals 1665 - “Girl with a Pearl Earring” Johannes Vermeer 1666 - Great Fire of London 1676 - speed of light measured (triangulation w/ Jupiter) Ole Romer (-25% of actual) 1677 - huge femur found, thought to be giant, but probably a dinosaur 1677 - Microbiology - Antoine van Leeuewenhook The Microscope and discovery (protists - 1674, bacteria -1683, spermatozoa - 1677, Royal Society acceptance 1677, elected to RS 1680) 1680 - Pocket watch with minute hand 1687 - Laws of Motion, Laws of universal Gravitation, Calculus - Sir Issac Newton 1690 - Pendulum clocks accurate enough for minute hand 1692/3 - Salem witch trials 1697 - “Tales and Stories of the Past with Morals: Tales of Mother Goose” - Charles Perrault, created fairy tale genre from folk tales

18th Cent most of Europe uses the fork Xocolatl a popular beverage in Europe (chocolate) 1703 - “Explanation of Binary Arithmetic” - Gottfried Liebnitz 1705 - Edmund Halley calculates the orbit of his comet 1706 - “The Arabian Nights Entertainment” - English edition of One Thousand and One Nights 1716 - Blackbeard active 1718 - Blackbeard killed 1724 - Fahrenheit thermometer - Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit 1725 - Caribbean piracy era end 1726 - “Gulliver’s Travels” - Jonathan Swift 1727 - speed of light value refined (stellar aberation) and more accepted - James Bradley 1735 - “Systema Naturae” - taxonomy - Carl Linnaeus 1739 - Pleistocene fossils collected for study at Big Bone Licky, KY - Charles LeMoyne de Longueui 1742 - Celsius thermometer - Anders Celsius 1754 - French and Indian War start (part of the Seven Years’ War) 1755 - first scientific paper on natural rubber (native to South America) published - Francois Fresneau 1763 - French and Indian War end (part of the Seven Years’ War) 1770 - rubber named for being good at “rubbing off” pencil marks from paper - Joseph Priestly 1773 - the name Santa Claus first used in American press 1775 - American War for Independence start 1776 - Declaration of Independence 1778 - first practical flush toilet - Joseph Bramah 1778 - James Cook arrived in the Hawaiian Islands 1781 - Articles of Confederation - DE, PA, NJ, GA, CT, MA, MD, NC, SC, NH, VA, NY, RI become states 1781 - Watt steam engine - James Watt 1783 - American War for Independence end 1783 - First manned hot air balloon flight - Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier 1785 - modern parachute invented and named - Louis-Sebastien Lenormand 1786 - “The Marriage of Figaro” Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1788 - US Constitution ratified 1789 - French Revolution starts 1789 - “Elementary Treatise of Chemistry” - Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier - first chemistry textbook 1791 - VT becomes state 1792 - KY becomes state 1795 - Metric system established 1795 - Kamehameha the Great establishes the Kingdom of Hawaii 1796 - Mastodon and Megatherium established as extinct animals (development of comparative anatomy & history of paleontology) - Georges Cuvier 1796 - Homeopathy - Samuel Hahnemann 1796 - TN becomes state 1798 - smallpox vaccine (cowpox) - Edward Jenner 1799 - Rosetta Stone discovered 1799 - French Revolution ends

19th Cent 1800 - “Noah’s Raven” footprints (theropod dinosaur prints) found in MA 1800 - first true battery, the voltaic pile - Alessandro Volta 1801 - Barbary Coast War (Barbary pirates) start 1803 - Louisiana Purchase 1803 - Napoleonic Wars start 1803 - OH becomes state 1804 - Lewis and Clark Expedition start 1805 - Battle of Derna (source of “shores of Tripoli” verse in Marine’s Hymn) 1805 - Barbary Coast War end 1806 - Lewis and Clark Expedition end 1807 - Thomas Jefferson sent first paleontology expedition to Big Bone Lick, KY 1807 - Public street lighting via gas - Pall Mall, London 1808 - Symphony No. 5 - Ludwig von Beethoven 1810 - King Kamehameha unified the Hawaiian islands 1811 - “Sense and Sensibility” Jane Austen 1811 - first practical railway locomotive - John Blenkinsop 1811 - Ichthyosaurs fossil discovered by Mary Anning. Key evidence for extinction (it was believed that if God’s creation was perfect, then extinction couldn’t exist) 1812 - Extinction (the fact that animals can go extinct) established as a fact - Georges Cuvier 1812 - LA becomes state 1812 - “Children’s and Household Tales” - Brothers Grimm 1812 - War of 1812 start 1813 - “Pride and Prejudice” Jane Austen 1814 - “Star-Spangled Banner” - Francis Scott Key 1814 - Burning of Washington - British (Canadians) raze DC 1815 - War of 1812 end 1815- “Emma” Jane Austen 1815 - Battle of Waterloo 1815 - Napoleonic Wars End 1816-1828 Zulu empire under Shaka 1816 - IN becomes state 1817 - “The Animal Kingdom” - sets out to describe structure of animal kingdom based on comparative anatomy - Georges Cuvier 1817 - MS becomes state 1818 - “Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus” - Mary Shelley 1818 - “Silent Night” Franz Xaver Gruber, lyrics Joseph Mohr 1818 - IL becomes state 1819 - AL becomes state 1819 - stove top percolating coffee pot - Laurens 1819 - “Rip Van Winkle” - Washington Irving 1820 - ME becomes state 1820 - electric current through a wire produces magnetic field - Hans Christian Ørsted 1820 - “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” - Washington Irving 1821 - MO becomes state 1823 - Difference Engine (calculator) proposed and funded for construction - Charles Babbage 1823 - “A Visit from St. Nicholas” aka “Twas the Night Before Christmas” 1823 - Fresnel lens used in lighthouse - Augustin-Jean Fresnel 1824 - First Dinosaur fossil named 1824 - “Don Juan” - Lord Byron (postumously) 1830 - first rail travel in US on Baltimore Ohio railroad, “Tom Thumb” 1830 - friction matches commercially available 1830 - Mary Anning discovers nearly complete Plesiosaur skeleton 1833 - “The Great Wave off Kanagawa” -Hokusai 1834 - Spanish Inquisition officially ended 1834 - first ‘real’ electric motor (capable of actually doing work) - Thomas Davenport 1835 - Texas Rangers established 1836 - Texas independence from Mexico 1836 - AR becomes state 1837 - Start of Queen Victoria’s reign 1837 - MI becomes state 1837 - “Fairy Tales” - Hans Christian Andersen (Little Mermaid, Thumbelina, Emperor’s New Clothes, Princess and the Pea) 1838 - First telegraph “WHAT HATH GOD WROUGHT” in Morse Code 1838 - “Oliver Twist” - Charles Dickens 1839 - First Opium War starts (Britain forcing China to buy opium) 1839 - Vulcanization of rubber - Charles Goodyear 1840 - Saxophone - Adolphe Sax 1842 - First algorithm written for Babbage’s Analytical Engine aka first program for first computer - Ada Lovelace 1842 - First Opium War ends 1843 - “A Christmas Carol” - Charles Dickens 1843- “The Tell-Tale Heart” - Edgar Allen Poe 1844 - “The Three Musketeers” - Alexandre Dumas 1845 - “The Little Match Girl” - Hans Christian Andersen 1845 - NY Nicks play modern baseball 1845 - FL becomes state 1845 - TX becomes state 1845 - Fredrick Douglass publishes autobiography 1845 - Faraday rotation - interaction btwn light and magnetic field: light and electromagnatism related - Michael Faraday 1845 - “The Raven” - Edgar Allen Poe 1846 - Mexican-American War start 1846 - IA becomes state 1846 - Neptune first observed - Johann Gottfried Galle 1847 - “The Mathematical Analysis of Logic” - Boolean logic - Charles Boole 1847 - Battle of Chapultepec - source of “halls of Montezuma” in Marine’s Hymn 1848 - Mexican-American War end (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) 1848 - Gold Rush in California 1848 - WI becomes state 1849 - speed of light measured on Earth - Hippolyte Fizeau (+5%) 1849 - Harriet Tubman escapes slavery. Starts conducting on Underground Railroad 1850 - CA becomes state 1850 - “The Scarlet Letter” - Nathaniel Hawthorne 1851 - “Moby Dick” - Herman Melville 1851 - “Ain’t I A Woman?” speech by Sojourner Truth 1853 - Japan opened to the West 1854 - Florence Nightengale introduced modern nursing to the Crimean War 1855 - Cholera outbreak in London - germ theory - John Snow - dismissed as too depressing 1855 - End of California Gold Rush 1856 - 1860 Second Opium War 1857 - modern commercially available toilet paper introduced - Joseph Gayetty 1858 - fermentation caused by bacteria (yeast) - Louis Pasteur 1858 - MN becomes state 1859 - “Origin of Species” - Charles Darwin 1859 - Pennsylvania oil rush 1859 - OR becomes state 1859 - Big Ben of Clock/Elizabeth Tower 1859 - lead-acid battery - first rechargeable (by sending a reverse current through) - Gaston Plante 1860 - “Paul Revere’s Ride” - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1860 - continuous DC power from a dynamo - Antonio Pacinotti 1861 - KS becomes state 1861 - Start of American Civil War 1862 - “Les Miserables” - Victor Hugo 1863 - WV becomes state 1864 - NV becomes state 1864 - H.L. Hunley - first military submarine to sink enemy vessel 1865 - End of American Civil War 1865 - Pasteurization invented (patented) - Louis Pasteur 1866 - Winchester rifle 1867 - 1894 “Das Kapital” Karl Marx 1867 - carbolic acid used to sterilize surgical wounds - Joseph Lister - father of modern surgery/antiseptic surgery - Listerine named in his honor 1867 - NB becomes state 1869 - “War and Peace” - Leo Tolstoy 1869 - Whirlwind vacuum cleaner - Ives W. McGaffey 1869 - Periodic table - Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev 1870 - “20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” - Jules Verne 1871 - “Descent of Man” - Charles Darwin 1871 - “Whistler’s Mother” - James Whister 1871 - Great Chicago Fire, unjustly blamed on Mrs. O’Leary’s cow 1872 - Colt Single Action Army revolver/ Peacemaker 1873 - Alleged steam drill and John Henry contest 1873 - Beginning of the “Long Depression” aka the great depression before the Great Depression 1873 - “A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism” James Clerk Maxwell - showed electromagnatism is one force, not two 1875 - William Denton first to describe fossils from the La Brea Tar Pits 1876 - Battle of Little Bighorn aka Custer’s Last Stand 1876 - “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” - Mark Twain 1876 - California Oil boom (well #4 Pico Canyon Oilfield) 1876 - CO becomes state 1876 - rubber plant seeds smuggled out of Brazil to Kew Gardens - Henry Wickham 1877 - Billy the Kid starts life of crime 1879 - End of the “Long Depression” aka the great depression before the Great Depression 1879 - Edison demonstrates the incandescent light bulb 1881 - Billy the Kid dies 1881 - Gunfight at the O.K. Corral 1883 - “Treasure Island” - Robert Louis Stevenson 1884 - “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” - Mark Twain 1884 - “A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jette” Georges Seurat 1885 - rabies post-exposure vaccine - Louis Pasteur 1886 - modern automobile, Karl Benz 1886 - Chicago Haymarket Massacre - striking for an 8 hour workday, anarchists bomb the demonstration 1886 - Coca-Cola, a non-alcoholic version of French Wine Coca nerve tonic sold 1887 - “A Study In Scarlet” - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - First appearance of Sherlock Holmes 1887 - Electromagnetic waves proved to exist (radio waves produced) - Heinrich Hertz 1888 - London matchgirl strike - health conditions, against use of white phosphorous, phossy jaw 1888 - Jack the Ripper murders in Whitechapel 1888 - Induction motor (AC) - Nikola Tesla 1889 - ND, SD, MT, and WA become states 1889 -“Starry Night” - Van Gough 1890 - ID and WY become states 1890 - “Picture of Dorian Gray” - Oscar Wilde 1891 - Basketball created - Dr. James Naismith (Canadian) 1892 - Axe murders of Lizzie Borden’s parents 1892 - “The Nutcracker” - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1893 - HH Holmes Murder Castle at the Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition 1893, 95, 1910 Edvard Munch’s “The Scream” (4 versions, 2 pastel, 2 paintings) 1893 - Michael Ahren admits he made up the O’Leary cow story 1895 - O’Leary “died heartbroken”, still being blamed for the fire 1895 - “The Importance of Being Earnest” - Oscar Wilde 1895 - “The Time Machine” - H.G. Wells 1895 - X-rays produced - Wilhelm Rontgen 1895 - first X-ray image (radiograph) produced - Wilhelm Rontgen 1896 - Oedipus complex - Sigmund Freud 1896 - end of the Long Depression 1896 - UT becomes state 1896 - Klondike Gold Rush 1896 - Marconi radio “wireless telegraphy” 1896 - “La tournee du Chat Noir de Rodolphe Salis” - Theophile Steinlen 1897 - “Dracula” - Bram Stoker 1897 - “The Invisible Man” - H.G. Wells 1898 - “The War of the Worlds” - H.G. Wells 1898 - Spanish-American War (3 mo) 1898 - Polonium, radium, radioactivity discovered and named - Marie Curie 1898 - ‘Campaign Watch’ - wristwatch for soldiers in Sudan campaign (wristwatch becomes a ‘thing’) 1898 - George Washington Carver starts issuing bulletins about crop rotation, peanut products, and other agricultural innovations 1899 - End of Klondike Gold Rush 1899 - Harry Houdini’ career start 1899 - Boxer Rebellion 1899 - Bayer selling aspirin around the world

20th Cent 1900 - “The Wonderful Wizard of Oz” - Frank L Baum 1901 - Boxer Rebellion 1901 - End of Queen Victoria’s reign 1901 - Picasso starts Blue Period 1901 - Spindletop oil find in TX, start of TX oil boom 1903 - Wright Brothers Flight 1903 - “Great Train Robbery” Edwin Porter 1903 - “Dogs Playing Poker” C.M. Coolidge 1903 - “The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals” - Ivan Pavlov (Pavlov’s Dogs) 1904 - Western tea bags sold commercially 1905 - special relativity - Einstein 1906 - Claude Monet - “Water Lilies” 1906 - San Francisco Earthquake 1907-08 Gustav Klimpt “The Kiss” 1907 - OK becomes states 1910 - “The Phantom of the Opera” - Gaston Leroux 1910 - Annie Jump Cannon’s star classification system becomes de facto standard 1912 - first Tarzan book published 1912 - AZ and NM become states 1912 - Titanic sank 1912 - Scoville Organoleptic Test - to rate pungency of chili pepper - William Scoville 1913 - LA County museum given sole right to excavate fossils from La Brea Tar Pits for 2 years 1913 - First moving assembly line - Henry Ford 1913 - Harriet Tubman dies 1914 - WWI begins 1914 - Backless brassiere - Mary Phelps Jacob (who had a dog named Clytoris) 1915 - General relativity - Einstein 1915 - Ghandi’s struggle for Indian Independence 1915 - “Birth of a Nation” DW Griffith 1915 - hand held hair dryers hit market 1916 - “The Planets” - Gustav Holst (“Mars” is the music you hear in about 30% of action movie trailers) 1917 - America Joins WWI 1917 - Russian Revolution 1917-1937 H.P. Lovecraft writes 1918 - WW I ends 1920 - Women’s Sufferage in the US 1920 - Band-Aid - Earle Dickson of Johnson & Johnson 1921 - Charlie Chaplin’s “The Kid” 1922 - USSR formed 1923 - King Tut’s tomb opened 1924 - J. Edgar Hoover becomes Director of what will be the FBI 1924 - Caesar salad supposedly invented (Caesar Cardini) 1924 - Kleenex 1925 - Scopes Monkey Trial 1925 - Al Capone becomes mob boss 1926 - “Call of Cthulu” H.P. Lovecraft 1926 - Houdini dies 1927 - Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle 1927 - “The Jazz Singer” first feature length movie with talking sequences 1928 - Penicillin discovered 1928 - Sliced bread 1928 - “Treachery of Images” - Rene Magritte 1928 - “Propoganda” Edward Bernays 1929 - Stock market crash starting the Great Depression 1930 - Penicillin first treats patient 1930 - Pluto discovered 1930 - “American Gothic” - Grant Wood 1930 - Scotch Tape introduced - 3M 1931 - “Persistance of Memory” Salvador Dali 1931 - “Star Spangled Banner” made national anthem 1931 - Jackie Mitchell, a 17-year-old girl, strikes out Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig 1932 - Electric guitar put into production “Frying Pan” Ro-Pat-In 1932 - First “Conan the Barbarian” story, “The Phoenix on the Sword” 1932 - Al Capone sent to prison 1932 - Bonnie and Clyde start crime spree 1932 - Times New Roman released 1933 - “The Lone Ranger” first radio broadcast 1933 - “King Kong” 1933-4 John Dillenger’s active crime time 1934 - Flash Gordon comic strip start 1934 - “Surgeon’s Photo” of Loch Ness Monster, faked - Col. Robert Wilson 1934 - Alcatraz opened 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde killed 1935 - Schrodinger’s cat thought experiment - Erwin Schrodinger 1936 - “How to Win Friends and Influence People” - Dale Carnegie - first best-selling self-help book 1937 - Cobb salad invented (Robert Cobb/Chuck Wilson) 1937 - “Guernica” - Picasso 1937 - Hindenburg disaster 1937 - “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” - first feature length cel animated film 1937 - “The Hobbit” - JRR Tolkien 1937 - SPAM introduced by Hormel 1938 - first Superman comic 1938 - “Our Town” - Thorton Wilder 1939-1944 - Penicillin mass produced 1939 - Heinkel He 178 V1, the first turbojet aircraft to fly first 1939 - “Batman” Bob Kane 1939 - WWII begins 1939 - “The Wizard of Oz”, “Gone With the Wind”, “Stagecoach” 1940 - Bugs Bunny Debut “A Wild Hare” 1941 - Messerschmitt ME 262 - first operation jet fighter 1941 - America joins WWII 1941 - “Wonder Woman” William Moulton Marston 1941-ish - Television standardized in US 1942 - “Casablanca” 1942 - “Nighthawks” Edward Hopper 1942 - Executive Order 9066 - Japanese Internment Camps 1942 - Napalm developed 1944 - Fire Balloons - first intercontinental ranged weapon (weather balloons with bombs attached) 1945 - WWII ends 1947 - Cold War start 1947 - July 8 - “UFO” incident - Roswell, NM 1947 - Oct 14 sound barrier broken - Chuck Yeager in the X-1 1947 - Beginning of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism 1947 - Assassination of Ghandi - formation of India and Pakistan 1947 - Radarange - first commercially available microwave oven 1948 - “No.5, 1948” Jackson Pollock 1949 - Chinese Communist Revolution 1949 - carbon dating created/published (BP is calibrated to 1950) 1950 -  “Peanuts” Charles Schultz 1950 - Start of Korean War 1950 - “Treasure Island” - Disney - source of ‘arr’ pirate accent 1953 - End of Korean War 1953 - Playboy started 1953 - “Casino Royale” first James Bond novel - Ian Fleming 1953 - DNA double helix structure identified - James Watson and Francis Crick off of Rosalind Franklin’s work 1954 - Elvis Presley starts recording 1954 - First Transistor Radio 1954 - “Motivation and Personality” - Abraham Maslow - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1954 - “Godzilla” 1955 - “Rebel Without a Cause” 1955 - “Lord of the Rings” trilogy published - JRR Tolkien 1955 - Vietnam War start 1955 - Courier typeface released 1955 - Polio vaccine 1955 - Rosa Parks sits at the front of the bus 1956 - Acetaminophen released (Tylenol) 1956 - “The Searchers” 1957 - Sputnik - first artificial satellite - USSR 1957 - End of the “Red Scare” and McCarthyism 1957 - Helvetica typeface released 1958 - WD-40 commercially available 1959 - AK and HI become states 1959 - Xerox 914 - plain paper photocopier 1961 - Berlin wall started 1962 - “Spider-Man”, “Thor”, “Hulk” created Stan Lee, Steve Ditko 1962 - “Dr. No” - first James Bond film 1963 - Kennedy Assassination 1963 - Alcatraz closed 1964 - “The Son of Man” Rene Magritte 1964 - British Invasion - Beatles play on Ed Sullivan Show 1965 - Kevlar invented - Stephanie Kwolek 1966 - U of T at Austin Tower sniper killings: Charles Whitman 1966 - US-market passenger cars required: padded instrument panels, front and rear outboard lap belts, and white backup lamps 1966 - “Star Trek” airs 1967 - Interracial Marriage in US legal: Loving v Virginia 1967 - Patterson-Gilman Bigfoot Film 1967 - Countertop Radarange microwave oven 1968 - first black woman elected to Congress - Shirley Chisholm 1968 - visible LED lights introduced as indicators (Hewlett Packard) 1969 - Cuyahoga river catches fire. Again. 13th time’s the charm 1969 - “Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!” - Joe Ruby, Ken Spears 1969 - Ibuprofen released UK (prescription only) 1969 - Moon landing 1969 - “True Grit” 1970 - Beatles break up 1970 - Kent State Massacre 1970 - EPA established in reaction to Cuyahoga river and other environment problems 1971 - Kevlar introduced to world 1972 - Sperm Whale oil banned from use in transmission oil b/c Endangered Species Act 1972 - Watergate break-in 1972 - J Edgar Hoover dies and is replaced as Director of the FBI 1972 - “The Godfather” - Francis Ford Coppola 1972 - 8” floppy disk on market 1973 - Abortion Legal: Roe v Wade 1973 - American involvement in Vietnam war ended 1973 - Xerox Alto introduced - computer with GUI, mouse 1974 - Terracotta Army unearthed 1974 - Dungeons & Dragons RPG first published 1975 - Vietnam war end 1976 - Concorde jet service starts 1976 - 5 1/4” floppy disk on market 1977 - TRS-80 and Apple II family introduced 1977 - Atari VCS (later 2600) - home video game console 1977 - “Star Wars” - a ‘blockbuster’ movie becomes a thing 1979 - “Alien” 1980 - Pac-Man released in US 1980 - Eruption of Mount St. Helens 1981 - “Raiders of the Lost Ark” 1982 - Arial computer font release 1982 - Commercial release of compact discs (CDs) 1982 - “E.T. the ExtraTerrestrial” 1983 - Nintendo game system released Japan 1984 - Macintosh introduced - first mass market PC with GUI and mouse 1984 - OTC ibuprofen available (Advil) 1984 - First commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone Motorola DynaTAC 8000X 1985 - Nintendo released in US 1985 - “Calvin and Hobbes” - Bill Watterson 1986 - Challenger explosion 1990 - Berlin wall fell/German reunification 1991 - Cold War end 1991 - “Nevermind” - Nirvana 1997 - “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” - JK Rowling 2001 - 9/11 2007 - Twitter   Tumblr 2008 - First Black President 2016 - First Clown President