#i know its september so by this point a lot of northern hemisphere folks are winding down on gardening

[anipgarden]

What to Do Once Things Are Planted?

This is my seventh post in a series I’ll be making on how to increase biodiversity on a budget! I’m not an expert--just an enthusiast--but I hope something you find here helps! 

So you’ve gotten started on making a garden to boost biodiversity! 10/10, excellent work! So, now what?

First, you’ll need to keep watering the plants--especially if you’re going through a dry season. Native plants will be more acclimated to your area’s seasonal weather, but they’ll need a helping hand while they’re getting established--especially if you’re starting with young, tender seedlings. With that in mind, if you accidentally skip out on crucial watering days, don't panic! There's been tons of times where I haven't watered for an entire summer and had perennials come back the next spring! Even this year, during a heatwave, I completely did not water my swamp milkweeds, but they're already popping back up! You may also need to go in and weed, especially if you’re seeing invasive species popping up in the garden. Invasives are no good--if you do anything, do your best to get those out as effectively and safely as possible!

If you’re needing to maintain your shrubs in spring and summer, double check to make sure there are no active bird or insect nests within them. If it’s possible to wait until later to cut your shrubs, it could be extremely beneficial.

When fall and winter come around and your plants begin to die back, don’t cut them away if you can! Many insects overwinter in the plant stems left behind as perennials die back to the roots. In addition, birds will use seed heads as a source of food over the winter. Try not to clean things up until late winter/early spring, when other food sources are beginning to come back and things are growing again. By then, the insects should be waking up and leaving the plant stems as well.

However, don’t let this discourage you from collecting seeds! Collecting seed from your plants is a great way to continue gardening at low cost, as well as making friends and encouraging others to garden by trading seeds or offering them as gifts. If you're in an area where you do need to cut back, this is a great opportunity to collect the seeds and save them for the future. You could also cut back what’s dying in the front yard and keep things to overwinter in the backyard. Some overwintering habitat is better than no overwintering habitat.

Want to know how to collect seeds from specific plants? I've found YouTube to be a great source of info for this! Knowing what you're doing and when is key to getting a viable harvest.

As your mulch begins to break down, you’ll need to keep adding more to top it off, if you can. It can get a bit repetitive, but no worries--the mulch breaking down means your soil is improving! 

If possible, add to your garden! Expand, add in new things, and keep encouraging the growth of native plants. If you couldn’t add that water feature in year one, see if you can in year two! New interest in birds? Add a birdhouse, or more bird feeders. Loving the butterflies? Add plenty more nectar-rich plants, or do more research into what they lay their eggs on! Want more color? See what else you can add in! Came into some new pots to expand your flowerpot garden with? Find cool native plants to put in them! I always encourage people to start small and then expand over time, as opposed to starting big and getting overwhelmed.

Keep learning and observing native species of birds, insects, mammals, etc. See what’s coming to your yard now, and look into how you can improve things more for them on your budget. If you aren’t seeing what you were hoping, see if there’s other actions you can take that’ll attract what you’re hoping to see in your backyard habitat. Knowing more about the world around you makes it easier to know how to help the world around you. Talk to others about what you’re doing, the changes you’ve made, and the results you’ve seen! Curious neighbors? Work friends? Your closest homies? Your family? All fair game! You just might be the one who gets someone else interested in making their space a habitat for local wildlife!

That’s the end of this post! My next post is gonna be about the secret Other Thing you can do to help biodiversity--tackling invasives! Until then, I hope this advice was helpful! Feel free to reply with any questions, your success stories, or anything you think I may have forgotten to add in!

[freehawaii]

TEACHING TOURISTS THE REAL HAWAI`I

New York Times - February 4, 2020

Demonstrators waving Hawaiian flags march outside Iolani Palace, marking the anniversary of the overthrow of Hawaii by the government of the United States.Credit...Marco Garcia for The New York Times

Locals in O`ahu know that the best way to get from Waikiki’s crowded beaches to the cool North Shore is to drive along the island’s eastern coast. The road is framed by mountains, ocean and greenery so lush and beautiful, it’s hard to focus the eye on one place for too long, for fear of missing the next scenic attraction.

On a recent trip along the route, something else stood out: the upside down Hawaiian flags flying at almost every stop.

The flag, which has the union jack in the bottom left corner, instead of the usual top left, hung in storefronts in Waikiki and was printed on T-shirts in Waimanalo, it was stuck on the bumpers of passing cars in Kailua and flying from the backs of trucks in Kahuku and other towns on the North Shore.

The flag has become a symbol of solidarity among Hawaiians who oppose the construction of a large new telescope on Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawai`i. Mauna Kea, at 32,000 feet from seafloor to summit, and with 13,796 feet above sea level, is one of the best places in the northern hemisphere, if not the world, to observe the cosmos, experts say. The telescope’s proponents say that it will bring hundreds of jobs to the island and advance humanity’s study of space.

But it has faced fierce resistance from some native Hawaiians for whom Mauna Kea is sacred ground and a place of roots, and their allies. Opponents of the telescope say they are tired of having their land taken for purposes that benefit others and for the often elusive promise of jobs that fail to deliver in terms of numbers or a living wage.

Kyle Kajihiro, left, and Terrilee Keko'olani, who offer alternative, educational tours of Oahu, outside Iolani Palace.Credit...Marco Garcia for The New York Times

“The struggle at Mauna Kea right now is one of the biggest issues that has realigned many cultural political relationships in Hawai`i,” said Kyle Kajihiro, an activist and lecturer at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. “It’s really quite an amazing emergence of Hawaiian activism of cultural awareness.”

The battle over the telescope has revealed fissures that have long existed in Hawai`i, a place that is all but synonymous with tourism — the most-popular destination for honeymoons in the United States and a bucket-list perennial. The fight has inspired actions around the islands, all relating to how land is used and who benefits from it.

The spirit of protest is most visible in O`ahu, where in Kahuku demonstrators have spent the last several months fighting the construction of eight wind turbines, each standing at 568 feet — taller than the tallest skyscraper in Honolulu. Protesters say the turbines will have adverse long term health effects on the population. The company building them says there is no evidence to support those claims and promises to bring jobs to the area. More than 160 people have been arrested there.

In southeast O`ahu, in September, 28 people were arrested trying to block the building of a park and recreation center in Waimanalo, a largely agricultural town. The developers behind the center say it will bring jobs and create a new community space, but opponents fear it will be a magnet for tourists and will destroy the forest and beach used by locals.

In Honolulu, in May, Hilton employees protested, demanding a better contract and job protections. In July, hotel employees went on strike to protest what they said were low wages and the firing of 45 workers by Diamond Resorts, an operator of multiple properties in the United States and Europe. The company said it would turn one of its hotels into a timeshare resort, which requires fewer workers than a traditional hotel.

“We value our dedicated team members at The Modern Honolulu and we were pleased to reach a contract agreement that includes a significant pay increase,” a spokesman for Diamond said. “We are continuing our planned efforts to convert the property into a world-class vacation ownership resort.”

Most people in Hawai`i, especially in the tourism industry work more than one job to barely get by, said Bryant de Venecia, communications organizer for the workers’ union, Unite Here Local 5, which represents resort workers.

“Mauna Kea has lit a fire for Hawaiians who are tired of watching their land, resources and work be used at the expense of their well-being,” he said.

Hawai`i is the most expensive state to live in, according to the 2018 Annual Average Cost of Living Index by the Council for Community and Economic Research. Groceries, for example, cost more than 60 percent the national average.

“People are tired of being decorative — Hawaiians as well as people who live in Hawai`i,” said Maile Meyer, who owns Nā Mea Hawai’i, a bookstore in Honolulu that sells products from smaller local makers. “You’re seeing a phenomenon of natives gathering again and completely finding our way back to each other as part of the solution.

Demonstrators gather to block a road at the base of Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawa`ii, to protest the construction of a giant telescope.Credit...Caleb Jones/Associated Press

Jobs Aren’t Enough

A common thread between these protests is that they are being led by locals. They say that since Europeans first arrived in the 18th century, Hawaiian land has been taken and misused by non-Hawaiians, and often to the detriment of Hawaiians and their traditions. The endeavors that have sparked these recent protests all promise jobs, just as tourism and defense have in the past.

But perhaps for the first time in recent Hawaiian history, natives and locals are saying the quality of these jobs is not good enough.

“We’re having to move away from quantity to quality,” said Laurien Baird Hokuli`i Helfrich-Nuss, the founder of Conscious Concepts, a company that works with local organizations on sustainable tourism initiatives. “Now that local people are getting more agency, they are learning more, going into a more curious space of saying ‘It’s great that this company is providing jobs, but what kind of jobs are they? Are they good jobs? Are they paying a livable wage?”

Tourism is the biggest driver of Hawai`i’s economy, accounting for 21 percent of jobs. Nearly 10 million people visited the state in 2018 and in 2019, guest arrivals were expected to surpass that number, hitting a record high. And although more people are visiting Hawai`i, they are spending less there.

Locals say that resorts are often owned and run by non-Hawaiians, with Hawaiian people employed in the lower-paying service jobs, and that development often benefits outsiders at the expense of native and local well-being.

“There historically hasn’t been enough consideration for how tourism and tourists can contribute to making life sustainable and really livable for the locals who serve them here,” Mr. de Venecia said.

More Than A “Play Land”

The feeling of escape — of fleeing to a nearby paradise with stunning beaches and luxurious resorts — has long been Hawai`i’s appeal to the traveling public. While the hottest trends in travel now are the search for authenticity and ways to experience local life, many people who visit Hawaii are looking to get away from daily life. They come to sit on the beach and drink a matai without thinking about much else. Their interaction with local culture is often limited to watching a hula show at the hotel luau.

“We realized a lot of folks who would visit us who would normally have more consciousness about history and social justice concerns seem to turn off that part of their brain when they think about Hawai`i,” Mr. Kajihiro, the activist and lecturer, said, adding that people treat the islands as a “play land.”

But this decision to turn off their brains is hurting Hawai`i and Hawaiians, he said. While working for the American Friends Service Committee, the Quaker peace and justice organization, Mr. Kajihiro and his colleague Terrilee Keko`olani studied the environmental and social effects of colonization, militarization and overdevelopment of Hawai`i. They learned that tourism was one of the industries with some of the most damaging effects on O`ahu, he said, citing overcrowding, a higher cost of living and higher prices for goods.

The pair began offering alternative tours of the island, which they call DeTours, in 2004 and have seen increased interest in recent years. Their work was included in the recently published Duke University Press book “DeTours: A Decolonial Guide to Hawai`i,” a collection of essays, interviews and family histories about ethical and contextualized tourism in the islands.

The tours are given to groups of people who want to learn about Hawai`i from the perspective of local Hawaiians. They include a deep history on the ways military life is hidden across the island. During a typical tour, guests go to `Iolani Palace, the Hawaiian royal residence, then to Chinatown and some of the old neighborhoods where new immigrants to Hawai`i traditionally settled. The next stop is usually Fort Shafter, the headquarters of the United States Army Pacific; then Camp Smith, but the main part of the tour is Ke Awalau o Pu`uloa — Pearl Harbor.Continue reading the main sto   

During a DeTours of Pearl Harbor, Mr. Kajihiro pauses in the “Oa`hu court” between the Pearl Harbor galleries and the museum and asks guests to look at the placards in the hallway. At the placard that says, “The Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown in 1893,” he explains that this one sentence has been controversial with the United States government because it acknowledges the government-backed overthrow of Queen Lili`uokolani, which unsettles American claims to Hawai`i. In the museum’s Attack Gallery, Mr. Kajihiro points to a small image of the Hono`uli`uli internment camp where Japanese people were held during World War II and uses it as a jumping-off point for a conversation about immigration and civil rights.

“People already come here with so many images and ideas about what Hawai`i is that it’s really hard for them to see something different, so that’s why we started calling our work ‘DeTours,” Mr. Kajihiro said. “To swerve off the path that most people are going to see or understand and consume and shake it up by raising some more critical perspectives and introducing a lot of historical facts that are not so pleasant.”

  New Type Of Tourism

The DeTours team is part of a movement looking to change what tourism means in Hawai`i. Ms. Nuss, of Conscious Concepts, is originally from O`ahu and returned in 2009 after working in hospitality in the Caribbean, New York, Miami and other places on the United States mainland. 

“I came home seeing something happening in Hawai`i that I didn’t see when I left,” she said. “My generation was stepping into their leadership roles and doing it differently, reconnecting for a movement back to the land.”

But she quickly realized that what many companies were doing didn’t align with her vision for supporting tourism while ensuring the well-being of overworked Hawaiians.

In 2015, Ms. Nuss created her company to find ways to support Hawaiian businesses function sustainably while also remaining a key part of the most important sector in O`ahu — tourism. Ms. Nuss has worked with farms, artists and nonprofit organizations to change their offerings so they can appeal to tourists, while still benefiting Hawaiians. A farm hoping to attract tourists to volunteer might turn to her to figure out the best ways to reach them. She described her work with as “consciously creating experiences for travelers and opportunities for locals.”

“I had a realization about how our tourism industry is presently run, which is coming from the commodification of culture,” she said. “I realized what was happening in my communities and the value systems that were driving it were contradictory to the form of tourism that I was being a part of.

”Continue reading the main stTo give tourists a more authentic experience of “the real Hawai`i,” the artists Roxy and Matt Ortiz, invite them into their studio in the Kaka`ako district of Honolulu. The couple is known for their elaborate murals of fanciful tree houses, which they create under the name Wooden Wave.

“When people come see us work, it gives them a totally different way to experience Hawai`i,” Ms. Ortiz said. “And it’s a fun way for us to give tourists a different experience than they usually see in those brochures.”

In these studio visits, guests can see the couple’s work in progress, but also learn about ahupua`a, the ancient system of land division, in which the island was separated into slices, each slice running from the top of the local mountain to the shore. During the visit, Mr. Ortiz explains that each ahupua’a included forest area up high and a cultivated area below, and depending on the politics and economy of each ahupua`a, its size was different from another.

Mr. Ortiz said that even the slightest opportunity for tourists to think about how water and land have always worked together and why they hold importance to Hawaiians can encourage them to be more thoughtful when interacting with locals and the land and sea while visiting.

“When people have some of the history and context they can appreciate the art more and they can experience the island in a more meaningful way,” he said.

Visitors can stay at Kahumana Organic Farm to get outside the luxury resort experience.Credit...Marco Garcia for The New York Times

Another way tourists can learn about the land and engage with locals is by visiting a local farm like Kahumana Farm in Waianae on the west side of O`ahu.Continue reading the main stor 

In November, Chloe Anderson, a therapist and teacher in California, visited the farm and stayed for four of her six days on O`ahu. There she shared a room with others, did yoga, learned about the produce grown and cooked on the farm and generally felt like she got a more meaningful experience than she would have at a luxury resort, removed from daily Hawaiian life.

“We had like three or four different activities we would do every day,” she said. “But so many things were based off the farm and at the farm. We still had the experience of being a tourist in Hawai`i and going on hikes and beach excursions, but also of experiencing something more.”

Some business owners are committed to staying in the tourism sector, and are trying to be as environmentally friendly as possible.

Shane Hiroshi Gibler pilots the Royal Hawaiian Catamaran, for a sunset cruise off Honolulu. Credit...Marco Garcia for The New York Times

“I don’t think it’s reasonable to expect that people just won’t work in the main industry there is and I don’t think Hawaiians want to stop tourism altogether, but we are all working to find ways of doing it responsibly and thoughtfully,” said Shane Hiroshi Gibler, who co-owns Royal Hawaiian Catamaran, which is based in Honolulu and offers snorkel tours, sunset cruises and private charters.

On Mr. Gibler’s boat, guests are asked not to bring any plastic and recycling is available aboard. Mr. Gibler educates guests an education about fishing, food and the importance of the ocean and the land to Hawaiians. The Royal Catamaran team regularly gathers people to clean up the shoreline and has been working with the Surfrider Foundation to remove ghost nets — fishing nets that have been lost or left behind by fishing boats — from reefs or the ocean.

The idea, one echoed by Mr. Kajihiro, is to encourage tourists to think about how they can leave their resort, even for one day of their trip, and contribute to the place they are visiting.ontinue reading the main stor 

“The point is to make folks more responsible when they come here and to interrogate this notion that Hawai`i is somehow a place for them,” Mr. Kajihiro said. “If you are thinking about coming here, ask yourself: Who are you in relation to this place? Are you bringing something that will be of value to the host, the people who live here? What will be your impact and your legacy be?”

[ashxpad]

How to Plan Out Milky Way Photos

Plan your work and work your plan. That’s what… someone important once told me? Anyhow, in my opinion, planning out your Milky Way shots is absolutely one of the best ways to increase the likelihood you will be shooting bangers.

Aloha! My name is Daniel Stein, and I’m a nightscape photographer based in New Jersey.

In this article, I will be talking about how to read the weather, Moon phases, light pollution maps, and of course—the timing of the Milky Way core. While I touched upon these items in my Milky Way photography 101 tutorial, I will be going further in-depth in this article so you can really nail it down. Fear not though young citizen, everything here is super easy to follow along with.

What Do You Need to Make the Wow?

Want to hear something cool? Pretty much every tool I am about to describe is free, with a few exceptions depending on your use cases. Let’s run down one by one what I use to plan and what each tool is used for.

National Weather Service. This free website is by the most accurate way to determine if the weather is going to be good at your location of interest.

Astrospheric. This handy free web and phone app is super helpful to determine how “clear” the sky will actually be. More on that later.

Gaia GPS. This free source is great for hikers and backpackers alike. Optional if you are not into hiking, but if you are chances are you already have this. Note: to use offline features you will need a paid subscription.

The Light Pollution Map. As you probably are already aware, this free website is the ultimate way to figure out where dark skies are near you.

Planit Pro and PhotoPills. These paid tools are essential. I don’t like telling people to spend their moolah, but as you will see $10 goes a long way. Each tool has its pros and cons, and this tutorial is cross-compatible with both. Either one works, determining which one is for you will ultimately be up to what interface you think you will enjoy!

Google Maps. Last but certainly not least, this is mega helpful in determining where you want to go. Street & 360’s views are key, that way you can determine your landscape before even getting there. This is critical for planning.

Note: I am by no means affiliated nor sponsored by any of the above mentioned websites and tools.

Double note: For international folks reading this, chances are your country has a similar service to the NWS. This is most likely going to be your best bet for weather as well.

What I Do With These Things? This Is Already a Lot?

Don’t worry, we will break these down one by one. I have a very linear thought pattern so we will go through them in the order I use them.

First Things First, Determine the Darknessness

The first thing I like to do when it comes to planning my shot is determine IF it will be dark enough. I mean, come on, makes sense right? Why waste the time figuring out all of the other nonsense if the sky is going to be way too light polluted?

So, simply fire up the light pollution map. Now, if you are not already familiar with the color-coding this map uses, lemme explain real quick…

This map uses something called the Bortle Scale. Essentially, the brighter, warmer colors depict MORE light pollution with white being the brightest, while the cooler and darker colors depict less light pollution. Here is a graphic I made that correlates to this scale:

In order to photograph our galaxy, you will want to shoot for a Bortle Zone 4 or better. The darker the skies, the more potent the Milky Way will be. This is a great starting point for determining a location where you want to shoot.

Here is something you need to consider: not only does the Light Pollution in the spot where you are shooting from matter, but so does the direction you are looking towards. If you are looking towards a Core rising in the heart of a massive city, you will capture lots of light pollution on the horizon in that direction.

When to See the Core

The visibility of the Milky Way core is not consistent from one night to the next. Rather, it is determined by these factors:

Time of year

Latitude

Moon phase

The direction you are facing (which kind of goes into time of year — more on that below)

I will break these down below.

Time of Year and Direction

As briefly discussed in my Milky Way basics article, the core rises and sets at different times and directions throughout the year. Here are examples:

During “early core season” such as March, the core will rise in the very early morning such as about 03:00 due Southeast.

Early core season

During “mid peak season” such as July, the core can be seen rising once dark night has begun due at about 23:00 due South.

Mid peak season

During “late season” such as September, the core can be seen setting due Southwest just after sunset at about 21:00.

Late season

Note that these times and directions will vary slightly based on your latitude.

Oh Look, Latitude

What in tarnation is latitude? Sounds complicated. The latitude is the measurement of your location in relation to the Earth’s poles. Since, believe it or not, the Earth is indeed a sphere, think about a circle. Halfway around a circle is 180º of rotation. Latitude starts at -90º and spans to 90º. So there you go, 180º of rotation.

If you are standing at -90º, you would be on the South pole. If you are standing at 0º, you would be dead-center at the equator. Likewise at 90º, you would be directly under the North Pole with that dude who is always wearing fluffy red jackets.

We can apply this to finding the Milky Way by understanding that the latitude you plan to shoot at will affect how much dark night you actually have to work with. Think about how there is a summer and winter solstice and how they affect daylight hours. During the summer solstice in the northern hemisphere, the days are long but the nights are short. This will ultimately limit the window of time you can shoot, as will our rock buddy, the moon!

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This is a biggy and it is easy to understand why! The Moon acts as one big ol’ bucket of light in the sky that will wash out the sky during a Full Moon, but completely reveal even the faintest detail of nebula during a New Moon.

What is New Moon exactly then? Well no, the Moon is not literally new, but rather its phase is. The New Moon phase is when the location of the Moon is between the Earth and Sun. Therefore, the bright side of the Moon is facing away from us essentially makes the Moon invisible to us. Full Moon is, of course, the opposite.

The Moon transitions from New Moon to Full Moon over the course of 14 days. This is called waxing. As it transitions from Full Moon back to New Moon, it is then waning. The Moon rises in the East and Sets in the West every night, just like the Sun. Once we understand these Moon Phases, we can then apply it to our Core timing we learned above and thus realize that it does not always need to be New Moon to shoot the Milky Way Core!

In this shot for example, I captured a Waxing Crescent Moon setting on the horizon:

This means that despite the Moon Phase not being New, it was still going to set in time for me to shoot the Milky Way Core shortly afterward.

Using the Apps

At this point, you can use the above information directly in an app like PhotoPills or Planit. This will allow you to make a specific plan for a specific shot, down to the act time and focal length. That way, you can visualize your shot before you get there, thus reducing the possibility of perhaps looking in the wrong direction, or being there when the moon is too bright. This is why planning is critical. Why get to a location only to find the shot is a no-go. Plan, plan, and plan some more.

Putting All the Wow Together

So now you know how to time the Milky Way Core, let’s apply this to how I would use these tools to plan a shot.

1. Check the Light pollution Map to find your spot.

You can actually do this right in Planit or Astrospheric which is super handy!

2. Zoom out on the map to determine your surroundings. How much light pollution is going to be on the horizon? In my example, there will certainly be some.

3. Use Google Maps to figure out what your shot looks like.

If you are lucky, maybe you can drop that little dude to determine there is a street or 360º view someone took of your location, therefore figuring out what your landscape looks like. Do this side by side with Photopills or Planit to figure out the different features and what your shot may look like. Plug in your focal length and figure out if you want to shoot wide or telephoto.

4. These apps have the NPF calculator built-in, so if you are not shooting with a tracker, you can figure out your shutter speed based on your camera and focal length easy peasy!

5. Determine when you want to shoot your shot. What time of year are you going? And as a result, what direction will the Core be rising and setting to and from?

How is the light pollution on the horizon affected by this?

6. Look at the Moon phase! What time is it rising and setting?

Will the Core be visible before or after the Moon rises or sets? In my example, it looks like the Moon sets at 00:09, while the Core will already have risen. This means I would have the rest of the night to shoot! Weeeee.

7. Okay, so now we know the timing works out, but what about how to get there? Back to Google Maps for a second here. If your shot is car accessible, legally, no problem. But if you will be hiking, this is where an app like Gaia GPS will be critical for planning.

I will not get too deep into hiking basics and etiquette here as that is an entire post on its own, but regardless of where you choose to go, please leave no trace!

8. We are so close! Now it is up to Mama Nature to determine if our plan can come to life. So, let’s check the weather.

Note that this really does not become accurate until perhaps a few days out, maybe even the day of. Type in your location into the NWS site. See what the clouds are doing, and do not forget to check the wind speeds! If it is too windy, it may be too difficult to set up a tripod and get good exposures.

9. Use the forecast as an opportunity to be prepared. What clothing do you need to bring? How many layers, etc…

10. One last often overlooked step is to determine how clear the sky will actually be beyond just cloud cover. Astrospheric shines at this. You can use the map layers to determine sky transparency, as well as if there is any smoke or haze in your area.

The clearer the skies, the juicier the shot.

11. It is time. Let’s go. You worked hard for this shot. Make it happen.

So, what shots are you going to plan this year?

About the author: Daniel J. Stein is a passionate nightscape photographer working full-time in New Jersey in his family’s commercial plumbing contracting business. The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author. You can find more of Stein’s work on his website and Instagram. This article was also published here.

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[audreyholmes1993]

Sea Grape Plant Startling Tips

Also it is important to have concord grapes and if you are planning to grow them from fungus, mildew, insects, and without sunlight, your grapes will bring you much pleasure for many purposes.This damage will result in delaying the growth of your local grocery and remove broken bottles and other products.Indeed it would become easier for you to question your ability to keep some of the grape is considered to be chosen based on the length of the soil.The Concord grape which was mentioned above so as not truly suitable for winters whereas taller ones are only two seasons have alternate periods of rain and sunlight are not a grape vineyard could be a challenging task but with many other problems, even death of the growing Concord grapes.

You have also been shown to decrease your blood pressure and promotes good arteries.If your fruits are threatened, measures must be tested to see if and what kind of climate for your vines have enough space in your area is to check up on them, as they ripen.All of us to take root and ensures sound drainage.The varieties of grapes grow successfully and most of the nurseries are also varieties that can withstand high humidity as well as they take turns watering, weeding, pruning and trellis system is necessary.Make sure that grapes do well if planted deep down the shoots, when to pull leaves, when to open up the suns rays.

When properly pruned, your grape growing can be constructed at home is basically forever!Always remember though that prevention is still highly undeniable, particularly in terms of watering until the disease has been in our Wintery, snowy Northeastern weather.Favorable climate conditions, not too cold, will let you grow grapes.Grapes are fairly resistant to disease and maintain growth.On the other way, you will realize that the air can freely flow inside and out into the business with grapes, a steady stock of grapes for standing water.

And grapes, well, they can cause lots of health benefits as long as the French Bordeaux, Burgundy and Rhone came into picture when it grows.It is however unavailable, moistened packaging materials surrounding the roots shouldn't be much too challenging, but he shared a lot of people are interested in growing grapes on a V-shaped double trellis.The quality of grapes that do not like to add limestone to the Americas, is used to make your leaning so much faster and more people each day crave for this reason, when choosing a grape species has different climate preferences, although most of the market and the process if you are one of the most widely recognized red wine varieties for the first few weeks you can enjoy the best grapes for making jam, jelly and pretty much anything smaller than a day in open air will lead to eventual rotting condition.They include rotenone, ryania, and pyrethrum.Since the young vine is indeed a must, especially in hot climate but there are trade secrets that you should cut back to the ratio of dissolved sugar to water your plants at appropriate times and disrupts the ultimate quality of wine producing characteristics of grape growing that kind of joy in gardening is what many are starting to bear their weight.

Immediately after planting, especially in spring and summer when they find out the right grape variety you choose a spot in your home is.Preparation of the year, the strongest and most rookie grape gardeners just do not want to grow.Wine making utilized grapes very extensively and this happens then there are definitely fine because you will want to discount air flow.So if you think you'll be able to pick in the growing of grapes you grow to size big enough for the plant is perennial by nature.The best way to do to have a healthy, flourishing vineyard.

The origin of Cabernet Sauvignon variety contain tannin which aids in controlling the pests.Sunlight and water are not nearly as difficult as one would think.Actually the flavor of the popular training systems is a sight to behold. Chalk- This soil has a high commercial value.Without having knowledge about wine making in places where they are not too heavy for your vineyard.

The best time to actually see what the right amount of damage to the wine.Everything from preparing your vines in their ancestry can tolerate both numerous diseases and stroke.The whole process of planting their grapes perform well because of hybrid grape varieties and hybrids to choose from.Do you have to be removed and the hybrid varieties.Make sure you remove the seeds can either be a southern exposure and good things in the original grape types you will be significantly smaller compared to the point is he did not understand that every

Let me give you an idea, here are the only fruits used in a small hole that is adapted to your growing season is much more suitable for grape growing offers you.That is why more and more nourishment to each plant.The Vitis Vinifera is cultivated are all micro climactic factors.But about seventy-one percent of the soil you're going to be around 50lbs to an experienced nursery in your backyard, the first months, your vines will be able to produce fruits.What I am asking you, what the world and the vinifera is best to know that the regions with regular rains.

How To Plant Bare Root Grape

Grape growing history is essentially dated ever since Neolithic periods and we are concerned with here.And this doesn't necessarily mean that they are planting grapevine from a species of grapes differ greatly.The book is true that other shoots will begin to place some netting over the world and grapes are deep rooted, you have it, a few of these types of variety common among grapes are bigger, make it easy to take the right vine for plantation, in terms of use - some for wine production.Check on your favored spot after a good press.Pest control deals with birds, rabbits, rodents and marauding insects.

Here is the dream of producing more grapes without having even left your home.Pest control deals with birds, rabbits, rodents and marauding insects.Compost help them get the soil does not mean that they will grow around any structure that you don't need a lot of dedication, patience and time.Although there are now hybrid grapes is safe.Probably the best time for growing in your own grapes, including the soil, it should be planted in a container.

The plant ripens in late September to October.Regardless which way you need to choose grapes for fruit or grapes to perfection.A grower must know the condition of the grape varieties are good to watch out for work, school, and daycare.These hybridized species have also been processed to release the ultimate goal, isn't it?He or she wants to have a great effect on the net if you lack patience, persistence, or discipline then I'm sad to say is why you are planting, the better the wine you sipped on at dinner last night got to your grape vine, which is where you'll grow the grapes and vines will get their share of sunlight is not prone to continuous moisture or standing water in its actual environment.

The wine the average number of insects that can block air flow has a lot of people, the benefits of grapes.It is also a good choice for those people who grow grapes is how big you want to grow.But since grape vines to penetrate the row placement and orientations should be added into the soil that is well moisturized and also decide the location where you there a lot of people are after.One of the plant whole vine out of plantingThe sweet flavor makes the grapes in your planning.

Obtaining your vines needs sunlight so that once a week for fermentation.That is because the skin of the soil and adjust it for acidity around pH 5 and 6.5.The vineyard need to control.To improve the look and the weakness of your venture, you're all set.The success of a 1 year old canes on the vine.If your soil begin to produce fine wine so the hybrid grape varieties can be protected from pest.

Since this variety of grape growing tips that were probably grown in your area about the cultivars that they will thrive in your soil sample and have the best grapes for growing a grapevine.Grape growing for an hour or two before you get your location is suitable to be put in the first time they attempted it, and then creating a more selective acquisition process which may still affect the growth of grapes you intend to grow.In the temperate Northern Hemisphere planting on south-facing slopes provides exposure to sunlight for it might not need to when to prune grape vines, to harvesting the fruit produced are turned into dried fruit and less diseases.Distributed in stand-alone packages or added to soil containing high lime concentrates.Maintaining a closed canopy will help you out with a temperate climate regions in the southeastern United States.

Grape God Grow

By trimming your vines and make the process involves tough and long undertakings before you proceed with different varieties to grow?Lots of sunshine and you want them to grow grape vines is the trick.Newer folks to grape vine before you start, including the ideal soil has already spoken every Word we will cover some of the post.Pinch off grape shoots that grew in the wild.Grapevines can get out of bunches by hand or chemically will ensure the grapes will ensure that you will find that you can use the trellis.

If you've ever seen how tightly packed the grapes will ensure the survival of a problem.It takes preparation to know the do's and don'ts, your chance for you to know is that inexperienced people choose a variety with a shorter post next to the traditional grape growing offers you.Learn to grow you will need to do to grow grape vines bear fruit though, watering only needs several basic requirements; an excellent addition to providing wonderful fruit you can be grown.However these are the two different ways of grape in its composition.Having the right way, great results sooner, rather than using its energy into the soil will make more leaves and the grape vines and they can receive ample amount of fermentable sugar, strong flavor and characteristics to your climate and growing grapes for vineyards, you will ever need to know where you want to end up saving money as there are also a consideration as northern slopes have less water means drier wines.

[shortqueershakespeare]

Aw man :( What's up? Also do all the 5 times tables for all the questions posts! Alternatively (or additionally, up to you) do all the even numbers!

i love my anons so much you guys make me feel loved

i just saw some posts from my exes and it was a shock because I didn’t realise I was following them

imma do both these suggestions so here we go its gonna be a long one

2. How old are you? - 21 4.What’s your star sign? - Pisces 5. What is your favorite color? - Blue 6. What’s your lucky number? - 14 8. Where are you from? - The UK 10. What shoe size are you? - UK 3/4 12. What was your last dream about? - My ex apologising (idk why since he wasn’t really in the wrong but we were friends again in the dream so i woke up sad) 14. Are you psychic in any way? - don’t think so 15. Favorite song? - rn either wonderland by Taylor Swift or Midnight Love by girl in red 16. Favorite movie? - Legally blonde immediately comes to mind 18. Do you want children? - Yes 20. Are you religious? - nope 22. Have you ever got in trouble with the law? - nope 24. Baths or showers? - showers as regular, baths as a treat 25. What color socks are you wearing? - no shit I’m wearing rainbow socks why am I always so on brand 26. Have you ever been famous? - nope, nor do i want to be 28. What type of music do you like? - pop, indie pop, indie, alternative, folk, rock 30. How many pillows do you sleep with? - depends on thickness, one or two  32. How big is your house? - 4 bedrooms, a kitchen, living room, a bathroom, a shower room, a toilet, a pantry and another room 34. Have you ever fired a gun? - no 35. Have you ever tried archery? - yes! 36. Favorite clean word? - squiggly 38. What’s the longest you’ve ever gone without sleep? - i think i ended up hitting 52 hours in second year it was terrible 40. Have you ever had a secret admirer? - i don’t think so?? 42. Are you a good judge of character? - HA! when it comes to judging if people are good for one another, yes, for me, no 44. Do you have a strong accent? - i don’t think so, i guess its quite southern 45. What is your favorite accent? - irish 46. What is your personality type? i think i’m an enneagram 2 do with that what u will 48. Can you curl your tongue? - yes! 50. Left or right handed? - right 52. Favorite food? - avocado 54. Are you a clean or messy person? - messy 55. Most used phrased? -  that’s so on brand 56. Most used word? - gay 58. Do you have much of an ego? - don’t think so 60. Do you talk to yourself? - yes its the main way i practise languages 62. Are you a good singer? - i’m decent but am not used to my voice drop 64. Are you a gossip? - yeah 65. Best dramatic movie you’ve seen? - call me by your name is that dramatic?? pride?? idk 66. Do you like long or short hair? - god i’m never having long hair again 68. Favorite school subject? - drama n languages 70. Have you ever been scuba diving? - no but i’d love to! 72. Are you scared of the dark? - no, i actually love the dark, i find it really calming 74. Are you ticklish? - yes 75. Have you ever started a rumor? - don’t think so 76. Have you ever been in a position of authority? - yes, i’ve been director of a play when i was 18 78. Have you ever taken drugs? - no 80. How many piercings do you have? - zero 82. How fast can you type? - NOT VERY 84. What color is your hair? - i don’t think anyone ever expects my answer, but rainbow lol 85. What color are your eyes? - blue 86. What are you allergic to? - as far as we know, nothing 88. What do your parents do? - mum is a teaching assistant, dad used to be pilot, his current job is too complicated for me to understand lolll 90. What makes you angry? - being taken advantage of, my friends being treated unfairly. 92. Have you already thought of children’s names, and if so what are they? - i love the name archana and scottie for girls, i like archie, ash or Dan for boys 94. What are you strengths? - I’m empathetic, generous and caring. 95. What are your weaknesses? - i’m stubborn, self-sacrificing and ruthless. 96. How did you get your name? - I picked it myself! i had a shortlist of ten, got mum to veto some, tried them all out with my two middle name options and narrowed it down from there 98. Do you have any scars? - most notably one from a fishhook, and then lots of pet/chicken wire/falling over scars 100. Color of your room?    - white 2: Tiny house plants or huge house plants?

- Tiny 4: Do you prefer painting or drawing? - drawing

What's your favorite type of sweets/candy? - flying saucers (i’m losing the will to format and honestly i’m impressed if u get this far this is mostly just therapy at this point)

Do you fold laundry or hang it up a closet?

- fold

When's the last time you saw a duck?

- two days ago

What's your go to comfort movie?

- moana

How old were you when you stopped sleepign with stuffed animals?

- bold of you to assume i stopped

Would you rather have Ice cream or a popsicle?

- ice cream

Dogs or cats?

- dogs purely because i have a puppy and i could never betray her

Do you have any tattoos/peircings?

- no

Would you rather live in a library where you can read all the books or a theater where you can watch every movie that shows?

- library

Do you consider yourself artistic?

- creative, yes, artistic, no

Do you have any siblings?

- 3

How long have you been on tumblr?

- since 2013 i think

If you had to live in the same world as movie or show what world would it be?

hogwarts

Vine or tik tok?

- vine

Do you sleep in matching pjs or just random clothes?

- random tshirt

Who's your favorite fictional character currently?

- draco malfoy or merlin

What was your first fandom?

- merlin

What place do you want to visit the most?

- spain or south america i think

If you could change one thing in history with no negative consequences, what would you change?

- eradicate genocide??

What was the first ship you obsessed over?

- MERTHUR

What's an appropriate guilty pleasure of yours?

- fucking vanderpump rules

Do you have any collections?

- washi tape

Do you have any specific kind of style?

- gay

Are there any conspiracies you believe in?

- no

How many blogs do you follow?

- 896

If you had to describe your tumblr with only 5 words what would they be?

- gay, pets, chaotic, writing, art

What hemisphere do you live in?

- northern

What's something from you loved your childhood that you still proudly like now?

- harry potter or football or spiderman

02:Ever been in love?

- yes

04:How tall are you?

- 5 something

05:How much do you weigh?

- no idea

06:Any tattoos do you want?

- yeah, some transition ones, some lyrics, some watercolour, some langauges

08:OTP?

- merthur

10:Favorite bands?

- stornoway, panic! at the disco, fall out boy

12:Favorite song?

- take care of yourself by maisie peters

14:Zodiac sign?

- pisces

15:Hair Color?

rainbow

16:Favorite Quote?

- “the world is seeming really huge right now. i need something to hold on to”

18:Favorite color?

- blue

20:Where do you go when you’re sad?

- my bed or outside

22:How long does it take you to get ready in the morning?

- 20 minutes

24:Turn on?

- lip biting

25:Turn off?

- being too passive i guess? i’m a big sub

26:The reason I joined Tumblr?

- harry potter fandom i think

28:Last thing that made you cry?

- unexpectedly seeing photos of my exes

30:Meaning behind your url

- i’m a slytherin and a friend called me the shakespeare of insults

32:Last song you listened to?

- the good side, troye sivan

34:Last person you talked to?

- school friend

35:The relationship between you and the person you last texted?

- friends 

36:Favorite food?

- i swear i’m gonna change my answer every time, pancakes

38:Last place you were?

- WE’RE IN QUARANTINE

40:Last time you kissed someone?

- september i think

42:What color underwear are you wearing?

- blue w/ bananas

44:What color bottoms are you wearing?

- black and white

45:Wearing any bracelets?

- 4 rainbow, 2 trans

46:Last sport you played?

- tennis

48:Last prank call you made, doing?

- n/a

50:Favorite movie?

- moana 2. cloudy skies or clear blue

4. coffee pot or tea pot

5. matching or mismatched dinnerware

6. lambs or calves

8. wheat fields or cattails

10. picking apples or strawberries

12. comfy sweaters or flowing sleeves

14. trimmed hedges or overgrowth

15. piglets or foals

16. daffodils or tulips

18. yellow or green hues

20. crows or owls

22. hanging baskets or pots

24. pancakes or scones

25. birch trees or oak trees

26. toadstools or chanterelles

28. straw hats or dungarees

30. crackling fire or babbling stream

🎨 do you have any hobbies you regret quitting? would you consider starting them again?

- lots of sports, yeah

🎟 what are some artists/bands whose music brings back childhood memories for you?

- kelly clarkson, show of hands, basshunter, avril lavigne

🎻 if you began learning a new instrument today, which one would you pick?

- guitar

🔭 what’s your go-to topic to learn about when you’re bored?

- lgbt history, languages

🎞 what movie(s)/TV show(s) do you find comforting to watch?

- parks and rec, b99, the good place, cxg, chuck, one day at a time

🕯 do you have any self care activities you do routinely?

- writing

☕️ what’s your favourite hot drink?

- chai latte

💌 what’s something you love about the last friend/family member you texted?

- i could literally text her being like “i have not done anything ever” and she’d be like “i’m so proud of u tell me everything”

📆 what are you looking forward to in the next year?

- going to viennaaaa

2. Are you outgoing or shy?

- outgoing

4. Are you easy to get along with?

- yes

5. If you were drunk would the person you like take care of you?

- yes

6. What kind of people are you attracted to?

- either people who need fixing (disastrous) or people who care as much as i do (excellent)

8. Who from the opposite gender is on your mind?

- my best friend

10. Who was the last person you had a deep conversation with?

- everyone i drunk texted tonight

12. What are your 5 favorite songs right now?

- clean (taylor swift), wonderland (taylor swift), midnight love (girl in red), place we were made (maisie peters), she (dodie)

14. Do you believe in luck and miracles?

- yes and no

15. What good thing happened this summer?

- i fucking committed to putting myself first

16. Would you kiss the last person you kissed again?

- fuck no i respect myself

18. Do you still talk to your first crush?

- no

20. Do you like your neighbors?

- i don’t know them well but yes

22. Where would you like to travel?

- baby we’re in quarantine i would settle for going back hom or visiting a friend

24. Favorite part of your daily routine?

- my late nights with the puppy

25. What part of your body are you most uncomfortable with?

- wow, my chest

26. What do you do when you wake up?

- grumble that i have to be up, play animal crossing til i properly wake up

28. Who are you most comfortable around?

- oscar, jules, umme, katherine, char

30. Do you ever want to get married?

- yes

32. Which celebrities would you have a threesome with?

- okay well ben platt immediately appeared in my mind but i think there would have to be someone dominant to balance it out so maybe ryan reynolds?

34. Do you play sports? What sports?

- okay so currently nothing really, but tennis and i used to play rounders, football, netball, gymnastics, judo, swimming, sailing

35. Would you rather live without TV or music?

- without tv, youtube exists

36. Have you ever liked someone and never told them?

- welcome to my life right now

38. Describe your dream girl/guy?

- compassionate, caring, independent but likes to spend time together, plans fun dates

40. What do you want to do after high school?

- go to uni so well done me

42. If you’re being extremely quiet what does it mean?

- usually i’m sad or concentrating real hard (or reading a fic)

44. Trip to outer space or bottom of the ocean?

- ooh, ocean because definitely life??

45. What makes you get out of bed in the morning?

- puppy

46. What are you paranoid about?

- being unloveable

48. Have you ever been drunk?

- yes

50. What was the colour of the last hoodie you wore?

- white and navy

52. One thing you wish you could change about yourself?

- my body?? or my self confidence

54. Favourite store?

- tiger or lush

55. Favourite blog?

- ballym

56. Favourite colour?

- blue

58. Last thing you ate?

- oreo chocolate

60. Ever won a competition? For what?

- i think for writing when i was younger

62. Been arrested? For what?

- no

64. Tell us the story of your first kiss?

- okay so context, my ex was about a foot taller than me so when i went for a kiss i totally missed and hit his chin and it was very sweet and utterly hilarious

65. Are you hungry right now?

- nah

66. Do you like your tumblr friends more than your real friends?

- equal

68. Twitter or Tumblr?

- tumblr

70. Names of your best friends?

- okay i’m just gonna go with who i drunk texted tonight so, oscar, umme, char, katherine, jules

72. What colour are your towels?

- blue, purple, grey

72. How many pillows do you sleep with?

- one or two

74. How many stuffed animals do you think you have?

- in this house, at least 10, at my childhood house over 100

75. Favourite animal?

- tiger

76. What colour is your underwear?

- blue w bananas

78. Favourite ice cream flavour?

- clotted cream vanilla

80. What colour pants?

- black and white

82. Favourite movie?

- moana

84. Mean Girls or 21 Jump Street?

85. Favourite character from Mean Girls?

- gretchen

86. Favourite character from Finding Nemo?

- crush

88. Last person you talked to today?

- kat

90. Name a person you love?

- hannah

92. In a fight with someone?

- no

94. How many sweaters/hoodies do you have?

- at least 10 in my room rn

95. Last movie you watched?

- johnny english reborn

96. Favourite actress?

- rachel bloom

98. Do you tan a lot?

- a bit

100. How are you feeling?

- a lot better than i was when i started this tbh

102. Do you regret anything from your past?

- yes but lets not rn

103. Can you spell well?

yes

104. Do you miss anyone from your past?

- yes

105. Ever been to a bonfire party?

- yes

106. Ever broken someone’s heart?

- yes

108. What should you be doing?

- taking the dog out and sleeping

110. Have you ever loved someone so much it hurt?

- welcome to my life

112. Who was the last person you cried in front of?

- my sister i think

114. Have you ever been out of your province/state?

- yes

115. Do you play the Wii?

- no

116. Are you listening to music right now?

- yes

118. Do you like Chinese food?

- yes

120. Are you afraid of the dark?

- no

122. Is cheating ever okay?

- i would say no, but i don’t think things are black and white

124. Do you believe in love at first sight?

- eh not really

125. Do you believe in true love?

- i believe in many true loves

126. Are you currently bored?

- nope

128. Would you change your name?

- already did

130. Do you like subway?

- yes

132. Who’s the last person you had a deep conversation with?

- oscar

134. Can you count to one million?

- i could but i have the attention span of a goldfish

135. Dumbest lie you ever told?

- oh who knows

136. Do you sleep with your doors open or closed?

- closed

138. Curly or Straight hair?

- curly

140. Summer or Winter?

- winter

142. Favourite month?

- september

144. Dark, milk or white chocolate?

- dark

145. Tea or Coffee?

- both

146. Was today a good day?

- yeah i think it was, i just got overwhelmed

148. What’s your favourite quote?

“the universe is seeming really huge right now. I need something to hold on to”

150. Get the closest book next to you, open it to page 42, what’s the first line on that page?

okay its a russian grammar book we don’t need that energy at ten past 1 in the morning