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tharakoekenbiergraduation · 5 years ago

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Impact of Waste Flower on Environment

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

Impact of Waste Flower on Environment

Pradip Kumar Maity1

1 Research Scholar, Department of Physics, Seacom Skills University, West Bengal, India

Abstract: Flowers are a part of both festive and solemn occasions. Flowers play an integral role in weddings and often are the focal piece in a wedding’s design. Flowers can help reduce stress and assuage anxiety. The flowers which are offered by devotees in the Temples, Churches, Gurudwaras, Mosques etc, left unused flowers cannot be dumped into the garbage once they wiltered as because many religious beliefs that the flowers which are offered during prayers are sacrosanct. Thus it generates flower waste & impact on environmental pollution. To minimize the adverse effect of this it has to be isolated storage, allowed to decompose and degrade into a harmless state.

Key words: flower, waste, effect

I. INTRODUCTION

Flowers constitute an important article of worship. The word puja meaning worship signifies fulfillment of the prescribed rituals (puryante sarva karmani) and realization of the divine (jayate jnanam atmani). The flowers are offered to the goddess at several stages in devotion. The Mahabharata (Anushasana parva- Section-xcviii) describes the flowers fit for offering to deities:” Customarily, the flowers at funerals bring a sense of silence and exquisiteness to an otherwise heartbreaking occasion. Flowers are of diverse kinds. Some are wild; some grow in the midst of humans and even among them, some do not grow well unless nurtured with great care, are from trees that are not prickly; and some from trees that are prickly Fragrance, beauty of form and taste are also the reasons for their classification. The image in the sanctum is decorated with garlands flowers and with unstrung flowers. Flowers gladden the heart and mind; and confer prosperity. The flowers that emit agreeable scent should be offered to deities. Flowers of plants that are not prickly are generally white in color. Such flowers are acceptable to deities. . "In the U.S., most flowers grown commercially come from climate-controlled greenhouses, and many workers drive to the farm. Every year approximately 80, 00,000 tons of waste flowers are dumped in the rivers in India choking them to death. The pesticides and chemical fertilizers used to grow flowers mixes with the river water making it highly toxic. Various drains and waterways connected to the water bodies also get clogged, creating civic problems of a great magnitude. We always tend to blame the industrial waste but never give a think to flower pollution.

II. DEGRADATION OF FLOWER WASTES

The flower industry recognizes the environmental degradation resulting from the overuse of water, pollution of the lake, and the increasing population in the area , its native hippos are threatened by the pollution in the lake and fish catches are dwindling (putting local fishermen out of business). Reports, however, have demonstrated that the death of fish in Lake Naivasha at the beginning of 2010 was not caused by chemical substances from the flower farms (Kamau 2010, March 7; Ngige 2010, February 25). Criticism has also been concerned with the potential negative externalities of CO2 emissions from the high frequency of flower produce transport all over the world. Some flower farms have been accused of setting up their grounds on protected wetlands with dire consequences for the original habitats. There are also gender issues and child labour issues - as well as low pay and little job security, the chemicals used in flower growing are a particular threat to a workforce made up largely of women and children. The use of water for flower farming is of course inevitable, and it is an important issue to ensure that enough water is reserved for use of the communities. In 2005 the World Health Organization deemed 36 % of the chemicals applied by Floraverde plantations as tremendously or highly toxic. We know that mixtures of chemicals such as pesticides can have a more potent adverse effect on health than single applications of single substances. More than 66 % of Ecuadorian and Colombian flower workers were plagued by work-related health problems, including skin rashes, respiratory problems, and eye problems, due to chronic exposure to toxic pesticides and fungicides found by a study of International Labor Rights Fund in 2007. Another study found that over 50 % of respondents who worked in fern/flower farms reported at least one of the symptoms of pesticide exposure - headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, skin eruptions, fainting. According to Richard Wiles, vice president of research for the US Environmental Working Group, consumers are buying roses that, toxicity levels suggest, should be handled by workers wearing gloves. Wiles reports that pesticide residue on the petals of imported roses is fifty times that allowed on food imports. Different economic activities in dairy complex and vegetable & flower market of Ghazipur catchment area, Delhi (India) is producing approx.

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www.ijraset.com Volume 4 Issue VIII, August 2016 IC Value: 13.98 ISSN: 2321-9653

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering

Technology (IJRASET)

8700kg of vegetable & flower waste on daily basis. Most flower workers are migrants, and live in slums around the city, without sanitation and therefore further polluting the lake with detergent from washing and with human waste. Another important factor that is considered important is picking of the flowers. Flowers can add a huge impact on the environment due to fertilizers used and gas emissions that are released to transport the flowers. Many green wedding planners opt to have their flowers supplied by organic florist or even to grow their own. Another common practice is to consider what to do with the flowers after the wedding. Some weddings have had flowers that are replanted after the big day to minimize waste and allow the flowers to continue to grow afterwards. Pesticide use has decreased somewhat in the years since that comment. But then again figures which measure reductions simply in terms of weight of pesticides per hectare can be misleading since they may not reflect the use of newer more powerful pesticides which are more active at lower doses. According to Flowerpetal.com, which tries to limit the environmental impact of flower purchases, sending the roughly 100 million roses of a typical Valentine's Day produces some 9,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from field to U.S. florist. The organic wastes from both the units (dairy complex & vegetable market) are broken down by bacterial action in a series of stages that result in the formation of CH4(methane) and CO2. The Global warming Potential (GWP) of methane (CH4) is 72 over a 20 years period or in other words methane is 72 times stronger than CO2. According to WHO, no segment of the population is completely protected against intended direct or unintended indirect exposure to pesticides and the potentially serious adverse acute and chronic health effects.

III. CONCLUSION

We have to collect auspicious flowers directly from their place of worship and pamper them with our secret recipe to make incense dough. Although the respondents not working in flower farms had lower incidences of symptoms potentially associated with pesticide exposure, a significant number still either reported or exhibited the symptoms upon clinical examination. This could either be related to exposure to pesticides used in the home or to exposure to pesticides released into the environment from the flower farms and other agricultural sources. Environmental contaminants can arise through using empty contaminated pesticide containers, which still contain pesticide residues, as containers for transporting and storing water; from contaminated foods including fish and other aquatic foods. No one therefore is exempted from the adverse effects of pesticides as long as these chemicals are readily available and being used in agriculture and/or in the home within a given region. Also the flower farm owners and managers should introduce integrated pest management practices wherever possible to reduce exposures to and adverse effects arising from repeated broadcast application of pesticides, a practice that has lost favour because of safety concerns and sprayers should be trained how to use pesticides and this training makes them more cautious about exposures.

REFERENCES

[1] Pamela F. Tsimbiri, Wilkister N. Moturi, Judith Sawe, Phaedra Henley,John R. Bend, Health Impact of Pesticides on Residents and Horticultural Workers in the Lake Naivasha Region, Kenya, Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine, 2015, 3, 24-34 Published Online May 2015 in SciRes.

[2] Mr Ravinder Kohli, Dr M Hussain, Management of Flower Waste by Vermicomposting, International Conference on Global Trends in Engineering, Technology and Management (ICGTETM-2016)

[3] Akankskha Singh, Akansha jain, Harikesh B. Singh, Solid waste management of temple floral offering by vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida, waste management 33, pp:1113-1118, 2013

[4] S. Suthar and S. Singh, Vermicomposting of domestic waste by using two epigeic earthworms (Perionyx excavatus and Perionyx sansibaricus), International Journal of Environment Science and Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 99–106, 2008

[5] Arvind Kumar Nag, Bihari Singh, Kamal Kishor Singh, A pilot scale Solid Waste management programme through vermicomposting of organic waste worship materials from some religious places of Patna Bihar, Indian journal of applied research, Vol.5,2015.

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vsplusonline · 5 years ago

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Will COVID-19 lockdown change our concept of dating and relationships? | The Times of India

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Will COVID-19 lockdown change our concept of dating and relationships? | The Times of India

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Will COVID-19 lockdown change our concept of dating and relationships? | The Times of India

TIMESOFINDIA.COM | Last updated on – May 14, 2020, 14:08 ISTShare fbsharetwsharepinshare

01/6Will COVID-19 change our concept of dating and relationships?

The pandemic has unleashed a world of change and some have adapted to these changes to survive while others are struggling to come to terms with it. People in love, particularly those in a long-distance relationship, are doing their best to find their moments of joy and romance amidst the norm of social distancing and lockdown. While some, who are with their partner or spouse, are experiencing problems in their relationship that they have never encountered. All this had made us wonder if the COVID-19 lockdown will change our concept of dating and relationships. When we asked people to share their opinion on the same, here’s what they said.

02/6Dating someone new would be a risky thing to do

“The situation is not as simple as people are still assuming it to be. Many of us are waiting for the lockdown to be over. But have we ever wondered how it will help us? For example, asymptomatic people carry the virus without showing any signs of the symptoms that other infected people show. In such a case, how do you know that the person you are meeting for a date doesn’t have the virus? This will make dating a new person a big challenge.” shared Arush Verma, a student.

03/6Staying cooped-up with one person is difficult

“After staying indoors with my wife for more than a month now, I have realised how easy it is for us to get into each other’s nerves. We have fought over issues that otherwise go unnoticed. The lockdown has proved to us that no matter how romantic or perfect our relationship is, staying indoors with your partner is not a ball game. Yes, the Coronavirus has taught us some important lessons related to life and relationship,” said Jatin Yadav, an entrepreneur.

04/6It will make our relationship stronger if we manage to survive

“My wife had gone to visit her parents in Assam before the lockdown started. Since all flights were suspended suddenly, she is stuck there while I am spending my time in Delhi all alone. We had a fight before she left for Assam. The lockdown has given me the opportunity to miss her and realise how important she is for me. We used to fight over such trivial issues. I am sure if we survive the pandemic it will make our relationship with our near and dear ones stronger,” said Sagar Jain.

05/6Coronavirus has made me value all relationships more

“I stay in Delhi with my husband while my aging parents stay alone in Chennai. During the lockdown, one thought has been haunting me—what if my parents have a medical emergency and if I cannot reach them when they need me the most. My husband and I left our old parents in our hometown because we had better job opportunities in Delhi. This situation had made us wonder if we did the right thing. The first thing we would do after the lockdown is over and we are allowed to travel is to visit our parents. We have even started contemplating to return to our hometown,” shared S. Revathi, a software engineer.

06/6Online dating will be the future

“So far as dating is concerned, we can now rely on only online dating. There are already many reports on how people are using online dating services during the quarantine. There was also news about an extramarital dating service provider claiming an increase of subscribers during the lockdown. Whether people agree to it or not, online dating is the future,” said Harikesh Tiwari, a student.

(All images used here are representational)

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