#hamel x chief
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Just found out my sister about to put my family into debt by making her wedding. I'm so stressed and need a distraction.
Anyway, choking with Zoya. Soft sex with Hamel. Fucking on a bike with Bai Yi. Putting a leash on Rahu. Having Shalom ride you. Oral (giving and receiving) with Cabrnet (idk if I spelled her name right). Office sex with Langley. Pain play with chief (she might be into it with how much she puts herself into trouble). Cockwarming with Cinnabar. Teasing and edging with miss Quinn (for the love of my I couldn't spell her name). Testing Eureka's inventions on her. Machoisam with Machiato (? Idk if I spelled her name 2#). Praise kink and overestimulation with Eleven (+Voice kink, she'd be into anything as long as it involved your voice). Andibejn give me idea for Stargazer.
Ahem, ahem I luv you more (*^ω^), now gimme a hug \(^^)/
Aww I'm so sorry to hear that (>x<)
So here's your distraction 🤤
Zoya is absolutely into choking. She loves when you fuck her and wrap your hands tightly around her throat. She'll even tell you things that makes you all riled up and later you'll take it all out by cooking and fucking her till she sees the stars.
Soft sex is the best sex for Hamel. Since she's such an easy spoken person, and everything about her screams elegance and quiet, she'd be into the softer side of you. Fucking her slowly but deep and tell her sweet things and praises, she'll be absolutely putty in your hands in no time.
Bend Bai Yi over her bike and fuck her into submission. She'll scream and cream all she wants but will absolutely do anything to make you go faster. After all, she loves things that are fast ;)
Rahu with a leash makes you go feral. Tug on her leash with her hands tied behind your back as she gives you the best head of your life. With that leash, she feels completely owned by you.
Shalom is a power bottom. She loves giving you orders and telling you how she wants you to fuck her. Her honey voice will make you absolutely Melt. Her favourite position is cowgirl. It makes her feel more powerful and dominant even though at the end, she's the one with a squirting pussy and shaking legs.
Cabernet loves a feast. Her favourite one however is you. Be it whether she's giving you heads or you're giving her, she just loves it. She loves giving you head more than anything, saying that you taste delicious than anything she's ever eaten.
Langley is a busy woman, packed with stress. So whenever she barges in your office, don't expect anything else from her other than sex. Immediately your schedule will be cleared for the next five hours and the only thing that could be heard from your office is skin clapping, moans and screams.
Chief is a masochist. She loves pain and anything related to pain (only during sex ofc). Drip candle wax on her body, fuck her while spanking her, pull her hair when she's giving you heads. Do anything to make her feel pain and you'll have her cumming in less time than you intended.
Cinnabar is a pure baby but that pure baby loves cock. Her favourite thing to do is to cockwarm you during office time. It'll feel good when you have her sitting on your cock, squeezing your dick every second. At some point, she'll even ride you and then it'll turn into a full blown fuck session.
Quinn is absolutely into edging and teasing. Although she'll get frustrated, she loves the feeling of being denied that pleasure but when she does come, expect her to come hard and fast.
Since Eureka loves inventing new stuff, it wouldn't hurt to try these inventions on her, especially that vibrating dildo she created or that self moving dildo, one that she will just put in her cunt and it wil automatically thrust into her. Oh the pleased expression on your face.
Just like chief, Macchiato is a masochist. Anything related to pain will cause Macchiato pleasure. Like they say, pain is pleasure, and that's macchiato's motto. Treat her like a toy, toss her around like she's nothing but a ball, make her bounce on your cock while you stick a vibrator in her ass. All these things will get her cumming quick and hard.
Eleven loves the sound of your voice and she loves when you tease her until she can't take it anymore. Fuck her and give her praises will make her see stars. Dirty talk to her while you fuck her. Finger her while she hosts her channel and when she's on the verge of coming,pull it out. When she does get what she wants, tell her how a good girl she's been and how good she was for you. Eleven will make an absolute mess on the bed.
Stargazer is into bondage and fucking in risky places. The thought of someone possibly catching her while you're buried deep inside of her will have her cumming fast. Tie her up and put a ball gag in her mouth and stick a vibrator up her pussy while you absolutely drill into her ass. Oh boy, stargazer will indeed see the stars.
Also, I love you more my adorable yet horny berii (❁´◡`❁)(⁎˃ᴗ˂⁎)૮₍꜆꜄ ˃ ³ ˂ ₎
#path to nowhere#ptn#ptn cinnabar#ptn zoya#ptn bai yi#ptn eleven#ptn shalom#ptn rahu#ptn Macchiato#ptn langley#ptn hamel#ptn quinn#ptn eureka#ptn x reader#ptn thirsts#ptn smut#path to nowhere smut
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hello i just read your hamel fic and my god you write so good. can I request for sub!langley x gp chief!reader?
Sub Langley mentioned!! I'll be happy to serve right away🤭 Who wouldn't want to see this woman on her knees just for you?
Pairing: sub!Langley x GP Chief!reader
Warnings: Crying during sex, Fingering, Overstimulation, Creampie, Squirting, Semi public(maybe?), Almost getting caught, Gagging, Brat taming, Slapping
Author's note: I love women that wear black latex gloves😈
You were in your office, signing paperwork as usual.. I mean, you are the chief of mbcc after all it's expected that you'd have a lot of work pile. But your handwriting was.. quite off, totally not because you have a certain sinner, Langley underneath you giving you a head.
A light creak to your door caught your attention, It was nightingale. You tried to compose yourself and force a small smile to your lips as she spoke "Chief, I came here to report about..." As nightingale continued to speak, you snucked one of your hands under your desk and grabbed a handful of Langley's hair as she sucked on your cock faster, taking the whole length onto her mouth eliciting a small inaudible whine from you
Your brows furrowed and you leaned your head back as you guided her faster, but you quickly snapped out of your world when nightingale spoke; "Chief.. are you feeling alright? You seem quite red and you're sweating." When she tried to step closer, you raised your hand and indicated her to stop "I-Im fine..! It's just.. hot in here that's all" you replied with a shrug, while nightingale stood there silently for a few minutes before replying
"mm.. if you say so, chief. I'll be taking my leave." You gave her a nod, as you watched her turn her back and silently leave your office. You let out a sigh of relief before grunting as you felt yourself twitch inside Langley's mouth "fuck.. ah— Langley.. m'gonna cum.." you whimpered out, as soon as you felt yourself drawing closer you pushed her head down, before spurting your cum inside her mouth down to her throat as you watch her gag on your cock
Langley pulled away before licking her lips and smirking as she jerks on your softening cock, making it hard again "Chief.. is that all you can give me? That's quite disappointing.." She taunted with that grin on her face.. oh how you wished to wipe that smug grin of hers.
Langley parted her lips to speak once more, but was surprised as your hand makes contact with her cheek "..what a needy bitch you are, so desperate for my cock.." you say through gritted teeth before dragging her out from where she is and placing her on your desk and parted her legs and gods.. she was soaked.
"Is this all for me? You got this wet from sucking my cock?" You hissed before landing a slap to her pussy which makes her jolt "Ah- chief.. you're being aggressive today.. did my taunting get to you?" She teased, but her teasing was cut short and was replaced with a scream as you surge your cock forward, forcing its way in her folds. Hands scrambling to find something to grip on but eventually she placed her hands on your back, clawing your clothed back
You hissed at the slight burning sensation on your back caused by her nails, your hips moving at a steady pace while you leaned down to press kisses on her neck "So good for me.." you whispered praises into her ear before suddenly fastening your pace, practically pistoning into her "Ah—! Chief— Oh!—" Langley wraps her legs around your hips, pulling you down "Gods.. chief!— don't stop.. don't..m'close.." Your eyes widened at the sight of her tears, and gosh.. it turned you on even more
Langley felt you slowly pulling out until only the tip of your cock remained inside her "Chief—" She choked out a sob at the sudden empty feeling but then you surged your hips forward, thrusting your whole length back and hitting that spot inside her. Your hands moved to her waist resting them there as you started pistoning into her
You knew her orgasm was approaching by the way she was clamping down on your cock practically making it difficult to move. It made you groan and more determined to make her cum as you also felt yourself drawing closer to your own orgasm, you leaned down to her neck leaving another batch of kisses and hickeys.
After a few thrusts, you bit down on her neck sinking your teeth into her soft flesh as you painted her insides white. Her eyes rolling into the back of her head while she comes around your cock.. you pulled out after catching your breath. You glanced at Langley's face to see her make up ruined, gods.. that made you so proud wiping that smug grin of her face and replace it with ruined make up and tears running down her face.
"Don't pass out on me now, we're not done" You thrusted two fingers into her folds, not giving her enough time to recover from her recent high which elicited a small whine from the Sinner.. "chief— can't.." you heard the Sinner murmur, which made you grin "Can't..? Don't give me that, I know you can baby.. give me one more" you cooed before moving your fingers in a painfully slow pace.
You watch as she squirmed in her position, watching how she whined and eventually starts to fuck herself on her fingers.. you found it amusing and.. pathetic. So like the good person you are, you fastened your pace curling your fingers on that spongy spot inside her causing her to throw her head back and squirted around your fingers, you instinctively secured the back of her head with your palm to avoid her head from hitting the desk
It was cute to watch her legs uncontrollably trembling, slick dripping from her pussy down to your now ruined desk. You pulled your fingers out before placing them in your mouth.. she tasted so heavenly, you took your cock and jerked it off until it was hard again. You pressed the tip on the Sinner's dripping entrance
"Y-You're still going?" Langley panted, clearly amused by your stamina "I can go till morning." You said with pure confidence before thrusting your whole length inside surprising the Sinner once more from the sudden stretch "We're still going whether you like it or not, I have enough stamina to go till morning, after all.." you lifted her legs up pinning them beside her head "This is supposed to be a punishment."
Edit: HELP ME THIS WAS NOT SUPPOSED TO BE POSTED YET, I ACCIDENTALLY POSTED IT. BYE
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can i req hcs of how hamel loves? sfw and nsfw if you can🌝 TYSM FOR THE FOOD
I had to poke someone into providing me her lines and profile stuff because I lack Hamel in my account. I hope you enjoy the food, anon!
I apologize for the late reply, my brain was not cooperating with me FHSJDHSJS.
—
Hamel x Chief!Reader
Content warnings: NONE
SFW:
She does not like being touched by others, but she craves physical touch from you. This, combined with her lack of concept of time from being so long in the Black Ring makes each cuddle session with her last so long your arm might feel numb by the end of it - if she didn’t fall asleep in your arms while listening to your heartbeat, that is. At the worst days of her hallucinations, she would come to automatically seek you for comfort.
Though she wouldn’t mind going out with you, she prefers a more private date. It can be as simple as you cooking for her in her room or your own room, or even a cuddle session while watching movies. On that note, I think she would prefer a heartwarming movie, as something horror-related might exacerbate her hallucinations
As her profile states, yes, she will ask you to dance with her in her room. She prefers less talking with words, and more talking with her (and your) body, as she finds the body language to be more honest than words. Sometimes, the other Sinners are jealous of this, some jokingly saying that you got special treatment from the legendary dancer.
When you invite her to your room, she is endlessly curious, looking at things you own in a blatant fascination. This stems from her twenty-three years of isolation, sure, but she is endlessly eager to learn everything she could about you, and it shows. If you like cooking, she would hover behind you as you cook, even offering her help (unfortunately she can be kind of clumsy). If you’re more artsy, she would also try doing it with you, albeit with varying results.
Saying that she likes being close to you is an understatement.
Despite its, well, relaxed and less outdoorsy feel, no date with her is spontaneous, and veering into that NSFW direction, no sex with her is ever spontaneous.
NSFW under the cut:
As said above, for her, sex is an extremely intimate thing, and she will go out of her way to make everything perfect. From aromatic candles to specially made/purchased bedsheets and all the way to aftercare, she would ensure everything is perfect from top to bottom, and she would expect and appreciate the same effort from you. Be prepared to clear your entire schedule for that.
Service top, 100%. She would take everything slow, noting each movement of your body down to the slightest twitches, praising you as she gently unraveled your body. Not too big on marks, but when she feels particularly indulgent, she would leave a bit of lipstick smudge on you.
(This actually stoked jealously from the other Sinners)
She likes it when you tell how much you want her in detail, and while she’s open to trying out new kinks with you, she most likely wouldn’t be the one to initiate them. The one exception to this is shibari, but it’s mostly for the artsy side (I believe you have Enfer to thank for this). She loves the fact that in this state, you look like a gift to be unwrapped, a gift just for her.
When it’s your turn to initiate and prepare to have sex with her, she will go feral (for her standards, anyway) if you wear something partly transparent. It won’t be feral to the point of marking and bites, but you will feel it from her slightly harder grip and the thump of her beating heart.
#path to nowhere x reader#path to nowhere#hamel x reader#ptn hamel x reader#path to nowhere headcanons
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Path to Nowhere x WWE Roster Masterlist
If you are looking for posts featuring a specific character, click on the "Keep reading" part to see the full list!
For those with no links, it means they have not yet been featured here (they may have been featured in the full matches).
MBCC Personnel
MBCC Chief (spoiler tag here)
Nightingale
Faye
Wynn
Unknown Rank
Suspect R
S-Rank Sinners
Zoya
Langley
Bai Yi
NOX
Eirene
Hamel
Summer
Stargazer
Enfer
Oak Casket
OwO
Deren
Etti
Raven
Dreya
Adela
Cabernet
Rahu
Shalom
Coquelic
Mantis
Eleven
Eve
Donald
Lady Pearl
Vanilla
Du Ruo
Yao/Xu
Angell
Bianca
Hestia
+\L.L./+
Moore (spoiler tag here)
000
Korryn
Vautour Bleu
Pylgia
A-Rank Sinners
Chelsea
Hecate
Wendy
Chameleon
Dudu
Anne
Cinnabar
Uni
Sumire
Ninety-Nine
Luvia Ray
Garofano
Matilda
Christina
Thistle
Letta
Dr. Iron
McQueen
Shawn
Rise
Mira
B-Rank Sinners
Lisa
Gekkabijin
Che
K.K.
Kelvin
Hella
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CHARACTERS I WOULD WRITE FOR:
HONKAI STAR RAIL:
Jingliu, Kafka, Himeko, Stelle, March 7th, Serval, Bronya, Seele, Tingyun, Natasha, Yukong, Topaz, Ruan Mei, Acheron, Black Swan, Jade
ships I would write for : RuanLiu, KafStel, KafHime, AcheSwan, TopaJade
GENSHIN IMPACT:
Yae Miko, Raiden Ei, Kujou Sara, Sangonomiya Kokomi, Yelan, Shenhe, Eula Lawrence, Jean Gunnhildr, Lisa Minci, Raiden Shogun, Arlecchino, Kamisato Ayaka, Navia, Clorinde, Furina, Xianyun
ships I would write for : ArleFuri, EiMiko, ShenLan, EulaJean, EulAmber, EiSara, JeanLisa, Clorivia
PATH TO NOWHERE:
Cabernet, Shalom, Rahu, Eirene, Hamel, Zoya, Oak Casket, Bai Yi, Garofano, Angell
ships I would write for : RahuShalom, Fem!Chief x Female Sinners
WUTHERING WAVES Changli, Jinhsi, Baizhi
ships I would write for : none yet
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who are your favourite sinners? how does your team look?? it's not a request or something I'm just relying curious :зс do you as well have any favourite pairings by any chance?
I have a lot of favorite Sinners! Off the top of my head, I'd say my favorites are Zoya, Rahu, Shalom, and Eleven (and Angell, if I'm allowed to pick unreleased Sinners lol).
My go-to team for most stages is NOX, Langley, Hamel, Shalom, Deren and Zoya.
I'm very predictable, so my favorite pairings are Rahu x Shalom and f!Chief x Zoya!
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squints into the distance
not enough hamel x f!chief content this season. hoping for better growth in the summer.
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flowing, deeply like currents
— hamel x chief
genre : hurt / comfort, fluff
warnings : mild spoilers regarding hamel's family
wordcount : 1,726
summary : out here, there is only the two of you: her, the dancer, and you, her captive audience.
in the middle of a grey world, hamel stands lonely, a picture of a lone pastel flower growing in the middle of ashes. there is a kind of ambient loneliness surrounding her, a sense of unbelonging that flits in and out of existence like dandelion petals in the air, flickering even as her feet stay rooted in the ground. you’ve always thought this, but hamel always has this sense of unreality, winding and twisting, a reverie that has never left, even as you pulled her out of the carnival, and into the real world.
she comes and goes, comes and goes. like a ghost, you are accustomed to seeing her locked up in her room, lost in her own world, or out here, away from everything on top of the walls surrounding the mbcc.
today, you find her, finally, on top of your little world.
“hamel,” you call out, panting from climbing the stairs. like a broken puppet, she stands there for a while, a dazed look in her glass eyes, before she turns to you like waking up from a deep sleep.
and it takes her a few more seconds to recognize you. “oh . . . chief, how may i . . . help you?”
“i've been looking for you,” you say.
“me?” she blinks at you, and crosses her hands in front of her. “am i needed somewhere, chief?”
you shake your head. the wind picks up, carrying the scent of ozone from the grey clouds, and you clutch your windbreaker tightly to your chest. in the middle of it all, hamel stands gracefully, hair and dress fluttering in the wind as if only a gentle breeze has touched her.
“not particularly, no,” you say. “but it's lunchtime, and i didn't see you in the cafeteria, so . . .”
you trail off. hamel only blinks, and smiles graciously.
“oh,” she says. “thank you.”
and then she falls quiet, and speaks no more. in the ringing silence, you step next to her, cautiously watching her for lest you scare her away. but hamel barely seems to notice you there.
you look down. discity sprawls before you, stretching far to the edges of the earth, where the land curves from this vantage point. there is barely anything to see here, you think. all buildings in the metropolis, all the gold and none the glitter.
“what are you thinking of?”
before your eyes, hamel's figure seems to shiver in the light. refracted, half-asleep, like the slightest of winds could blow her away if you do not hold on.
it takes her a long, long while to answer. you wait patiently by her side.
and when she speaks again, it's as if she has only woken from a trance, soft and hesitant like a fawn. she points to the distance, somewhere far in the horizon, further than the sprawling metropolis of eastside and the grey smoke of the syndicate.
“there used to be a field there,” she says. “the rust river irrigated the crops and made flowers bloom. when i was young, my brother and i would play in the grass. i would dance for him, and he would give me flower crowns in return.”
you try to follow her distant gaze, where her shaky hand points to a long-gone history. there is nothing there but a busy city street, narrow and winding roads, so packed with dazzling lights that you can barely see the stars here at night. it's hard to imagine the idyll she describes.
“a field, huh,” you murmur. “that sounds lovely.”
she hums. her hand falls to her side, and she tiptoes closer to the edge, where the wind dances with the hem of her skirt as if coaxing her to twirl. “there was also an ancient tree there. i remember trying to climb it, but failing miserably. my brother ended up carrying me home on his back while i cried.”
there is a vague smile on her lips. she looks happy, melancholic, a kind of fluttery nostalgia that comes and goes like waves. her hands grip her arms tight until her skin reddens and pales, but she keeps her painful smile on.
norman's golden locket glints by her chest.
“discity has changed so much,” she continues, softly like handing over her words to the wind. “i . . . can't find where i belong at all. everything i've ever known is already long gone.”
“hamel, i . . .” like instinct, you want to reach out to her, but your hand falls before it reaches hers. you want to help her, but.
you don't know what you can say to make it better. you don't know if you can do anything to make it better.
finally, hamel shakes her head, and smiles at you. her rosy eyes are clear, without a hint of the teary haze that watched over the city just a second ago. “it's nothing. thank you for listening to me, chief. you are a good friend.”
you hold her gaze for a moment, before falling away. you bite your lip. “i'm sorry.”
“hm?”
“when i took you out of the carnival, i promised you that i would build you a new stage,” you say. below you, guards circle the parameter of the mbcc, so little from up here that they look like pinpricks of ink against the cement. you watch them go. “that i'd give you a place where you can be free to dance for yourself, no matter what kind of dance you want to express. and yet, i haven't . . . really been doing much to help you adjust at all. i'm sorry.”
a beat of silence. cool hands wrap around your hand, and you look up to meet hamel's gentle eyes. she is so soft, cotton-candy glazed with a sweet smile on her pink lips.
“chief,” she says. “as long as you promise to be my audience, then i am already satisfied.”
you look at her, and her smile warms your heart, but it can't fully blow away the lingering doubts in your chest. she looks so out-of-place here, you think. she is all pastel sunrise and grace that cannot be chained, and discity and the mbcc are all so grey, so drab. you took her out of her revelry, and gave her a broken stage with only yourself as an audience.
you think she deserves more.
hamel blinks at you. her pale lashes sweep over her cheeks, delicate and beautiful, and her image hypnotizes you that you don't realize she has stepped closer, until you feel cool fingertips touch your face lightly.
like a dream, her touch is ethereal.
“chief,” she murmurs. “shall i . . . build a beautiful stage just for the two of us?”
in between the quiet beats of your hearts, her memories come to life.
hamel steps away from you, and follows the path to a distant daydream. within the blink of an eye, the grey clouds turn into a vibrant summer sky, erasing all the dust and ash, turning all the dashed hopes of the city into a lovely paradise. flowers bloom where her feet touch the ground, and in the distance, you can see an ancient tree standing tall and proud.
you watch her dance, enthralled. her eyes are closed, and her lips rest on a contented smile, painting a serene, nostalgic landscape that flows and glimmers with every twirl. the birds chirping, the rust river flowing in the background, even the warm summer air — the world sings for her, a harmony for her to dance to, here in this stage she has built for the two of you.
it's a strange emotion that she conveys, something in between longing and contentment, a kind of yearning that goes beyond logic. your chest aches, watching her, but she is so beautiful in her own world.
a raindrop falls on your face.
you look up, surprised, but the skies remain startlingly blue, and even if you raise your hands, there is no evidence of rain until it touches your skin and soaks your uniform dark. you turn to hamel, and find her watching you, too.
“it's raining,” you say.
she smiles. like waking up from a dream, her illusion wavers, and the blue sky above turns grey, reflecting the light rain falling down in real life.
“do you want to go back, chief?”
“do you?”
hamel lifts her eyes, and cups her hands in front of her. raindrops pool in between her hands, tracing a silver line down her arm before falling to the ground. the rest of the illusion has not vanished, and the summer idyll turns to spring where she spins underneath the rain and blooms flowers around the roots of the ancient tree.
“the rain,” she says instead. “it wants me to dance, too.”
she is so beautiful in her own world. you can't help but smile. “then, i'll stay to watch you, hamel. for as long as you want.”
but she does not continue her dance. she pauses for a moment and looks at you, and her rosy gaze is dazzlingly clear. you are lost within the flushed coral fractals of her irises.
hamel offers you her hand. “chief, would you . . . like to dance with me again?”
you take her hand, and her smile widens. “of course.”
she leads you out of the tree's shade, into the open field with the rain and the sounds of nature singing the melody to your dance. she is graceful, fluid in her every move, and you feel you can only stumble behind as she guides you, suddenly too clumsy in the face of her elegant dance.
but she is looking at you, and she is smiling at you. your heart beats in the space between your bodies, tightly intertwined until there is barely a breath between the two of you.
tenderly, hamel leans in, and rests her head against your chest as she leads you through a sweeping glide across the field. her buried smile warms your skin like a sun.
“your heart,” she says. “it's dancing, too.”
you smile. “it's dancing for you.”
she looks up then, and so close, you can see her clearer than you ever had before. the way the pale sun reflects in her irises, the freckles on her skin, the way her lashes flutter as she blinks. she looks into your eyes, and sees right through your soul.
you don't look away.
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Femslash February - Day 2: Chief x Hamel
I finished Chapter 7 and I’m very Okay about it
#path to nowhere#ptn hamel#ptn chief#sketch#art#as promised i made better art than yesterday#also it's almost february 3 in my timezone but let's ignore that#also i was planning to do a prompt list at first#but then i remembered that i don't get along with prompt lists#so i'll just be drawing whatever i feel like drawing#i just have to draw sapphics everyday
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Across the global economy, the potential for automation seems huge. Adidas’ “Speedfactory” in Bavaria will employ 160 workers to produce 500,000 pairs of shoes each year, a productivity rate over five times higher than in typical factories today. The British Retail Consortium estimates that retail jobs could fall from three million to 2.1 million within ten years, with only a small fraction replaced by new jobs in online retailing. Many financial-services companies see the potential to cut information-processing jobs to a small fraction of current levels.
And yet, despite all this, measured productivity growth across the developed economies has slowed. One possible explanation, recently considered by Andrew Haldane, chief economist of the Bank of England, is that while some companies rapidly grasp the new opportunities, others do so only slowly, producing a wide productivity dispersion even within the same sector. But dispersion alone cannot explain slowing productivity growth: that would require an increase in the degree of dispersion.
However, to focus on how technology is applied to existing jobs may be to look in the wrong place, for the clue to the productivity paradox may instead be found in the activities to which displaced workers move. David Graeber of the London School of Economics argues that as much as 30% of all work is performed in “bullshit jobs,” which are unnecessary to produce truly valuable goods and services but arise from competition for income and status.
Graeber usefully views the world from the perspective of an anthropologist, not an economist. But the phrase “bullshit jobs” and his focus on demotivated workers doing pointless work may divert attention from the essential development: individual workers may regard as stimulating and valuable many jobs which cannot in aggregate contribute to total welfare.
Suppose, for example, that you cared passionately about the objectives of a particular charity, had a flair for fundraising, and successfully increased that charity’s share of available donations. You would probably feel both motivated and good, even if all you had done was divert money from another charity about which another equally motivated fundraiser was equally passionate.
The crucial economic question, therefore, is not whether individual jobs are “bullshit,” but whether they increasingly perform a zero-sum distributive function, whereby the dedication of ever more skill, effort, and technology cannot increase human welfare, given the skill, effort, and technology applied on the other side of the competitive game.
Numerous jobs fall into that category: cyber criminals and the cyber experts employed by companies to repel their attacks; lawyers (both personal and corporate); much of financial trading and asset management; tax accountants and revenue officials; advertising and marketing to build brand X at the expense of brand Y; rival policy campaigners and think tanks; even teachers seeking to ensure that their students achieve the higher relative grades that underpin future success.
Measuring what share of all economic activity is zero sum is inherently difficult. Many jobs involve both truly creative and merely distributive activities. And zero-sum activities can be found in all sectors; manufacturing companies can employ tax accountants to minimize liabilities and top executives who focus on financial engineering.
But available figures suggest that zero-sum activities have grown significantly. As Gary Hamel and Michele Zanini point out in a recent Harvard Business Review article, some 17.6% of all US jobs, receiving 30% of all compensation, are in “management and administrative” functions likely to involve significant zero-sum activity. Meanwhile employment in financial and “business services” firms has grown from 15% to 18% of all US jobs in the last 20 years, and from 20% to 24% of measured output.
Hamel and Zanini argue that if we could only strip out unnecessary management jobs, productivity could soar. But the growth of zero-sum activities may be more inherent than they believe. As technological progress makes us ever richer in terms of many basic goods and services – whether cars or household appliances, restaurant meals or mobile phone calls – it may be inevitable that more human activity is devoted to zero-sum competition for available income and assets.
As our ability to produce higher-quality goods with fewer people increases, value may come to lie more and more in subjective brands, and rational firms will devote resources to activities like market analysis, financial engineering, and tax planning. Eventually, almost all human work might be devoted to zero-sum activities.
Whether or not robots will ever achieve human-level intelligence, it is illuminating to consider what an economy would look like if we could automate almost all the work required to produce the goods and services human welfare requires. There are two possibilities: one is a dramatic increase in leisure; the other is that ever more work would be devoted to zero-sum competition. Given what we know about human nature, the second development seems likely to play a significant role.
As I argued in a recent lecture, such an economy would probably be a very unequal one, with a small number of IT experts, fashion designers, brand creators, lawyers, and financial traders earning enormous incomes. Paradoxically, the most physical thing of all – locationally desirable land – would dominate asset values, and rules on inheritance would be a key determinant of relative wealth.
In John Maynard Keynes’s words, we would have solved “the economic problem” of how to produce as many goods and services as we want , but would face the more difficult and essentially political questions of how to achieve meaning in a world where work is no longer needed, and how to govern fairly the inherent human tendency toward status competition. Seeking to resolve these challenges through accelerated technological development and faster productivity growth would be like pursuing a mirage.
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THE BOOK OF JUDITH* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate
Chapter 5
INTRODUCTION.
The sacred writer of this Book is generally believed to be the high priest Eliachim, (called also Joachim.) The transactions herein related, most probably happened in his days, and in the reign of Manasses, after his repentance and return from captivity. It takes its name from that illustrious woman, by whose virtue and fortitude, armed with prayer, the children of Israel were preserved from the destruction threatened them by Holofernes and his great army. It finishes with her canticle of thanksgiving to God. Ch. --- He was a chief officer at court, under Ezechias, (4 K. xviii. 18. H.) before he was high priest, assuming his father Helchias's name. Many suppose that he was the author of this Book, as Josephus informs us that the priests recorded the most remarkable transactions. But this would prove that they wrote all the histories of the Bible. S. Jerom (in Agg. i. 6.) seems to believe that Judith left these memoirs. Yet we have no certain proof of the author. Josephus passes over this history, as he professed to exhibit only the Heb. books. Ant. x. 11. Prol. &c. S. Jerom doubts not but this was written in Chaldee, from which language he translated it; unless he caused it to be first explained to him in Heb. as he did the Book of Tobias. C. --- He might, however, have attained sufficient knowledge of the former language, which is so like the Hebrew, before he undertook this work. H. --- He professes to give "the sense," rather than a verbal translation. The Greek must have been taken from another copy, and is followed by the Syriac, in which we find some passages more exact than in the present Greek copies. The original is entirely lost. It might have removed many difficulties. Those however which are started by our adversaries, are not unanswerable. Grotius would suppose that this work is only a parable, representing the state of the Jewish church under the persecution of Epiphanes. But this singular notion has no foundation; and if it had, the authenticity of the Book would not be endangered, as the parable both of the Old and New Testament are certainly true, and written by inspiration. C. --- Luther styles it a poetical comedy; (Pref. et Sympos. 29.) but both Jews and Christians have esteemed it as a true history: (W.) and this innovator (H.) allows, that "the Book is beautiful, and written by an inspired prophet." C. --- The Fathers have looked upon it with the utmost veneration; and S. Jerom, though he was at one time under some doubts, placed it on a level with the Books of Ruth, and Esther, &c. Ep. ad Principiam. --- It is admitted by Origen, Tertullian, S. Chrys. S. Hilary, V. Bede, &c. as the history of a most valiant matron, delivering God's people from a cruel tyrant. W. --- Some place this event under Cambyses, son of Cyrus; (Euseb. S. Aug.) others under Xerxex, (Torniel) or Darius Hystaspes, (E.) or Ochus: (Sulp. Severus) but the opinion which has been given above is more accurate; (C.) or rather Bethulia was saved, while Manasses was in captivity, (in the 10th year of his reign) and the high priest administered affairs in his absence. At this point, Judith might be thirty-five years old. She lived seventy years afterwards; and many days (perhaps eight years more) passed before the country was invaded by Pharao Nechao. C. xvi. 30. Thus Manasses survived 45 years, Amon 2, Josias 31; total 78. This chronology removes every difficulty. Houbig. Pref. --- If true, it seems probable that the work would be originally in Heb. as the Chaldee was used only after the captivity, (H.) which may be farther proved from C. i. 15. Greek. Houbigant. --- Protestants prefer to translate this and the other apocrypha from the Greek. M.
* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.
The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.
Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY
This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:
Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.
Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.
Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.
Other special characters.
Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.
Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.
Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.
The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.
Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].
Chapter 5
Achior gives Holofernes an account of the people of Israel.
[1] And it was told Holofernes the general of the army of the Assyrians, that the children of Israel prepared themselves to resist, and had shut up the ways of the mountains.
Nuntiatumque est Holoferni principi militiae Assyriorum, quod filii Israel praepararent se ad resistendum, ac montium itinera conclusissent,
[2] And he was transported with exceeding great fury and indignation, and he called all the princes of Moab and the leaders of Amman.
et furore nimio exarsit in iracundia magna, vocavitque omnes principes Moab et duces Ammon,
[3] And he said to them: Tell me what is this people that besetteth the mountains: or what are their cities, and of what sort, and how great: also what is their power, or what is their multitude: or who is the king over their warfare:
et dixit eis : Dicite mihi quis sit populus iste, qui montana obsidet : aut quae, et quales, et quantae sint civitates eorum : quae etiam sit virtus eorum, aut quae sit multitudo eorum : vel quis rex militiae illorum :
[4] And why they above all that dwell in the east, have despised us, and have not come out to meet us, that they might receive us with peace?
et quare prae omnibus, qui habitant in oriente, isti contempserunt nos, et non exierunt obviam nobis ut susciperent nos cum pace?
[5] Then Achior captain of all the children of Ammon answering, said: If thou vouch safe, my lord, to hear, I will tell the truth in thy sight concerning this people, that dwelleth in the mountains, and there shall not a false word come out of my mouth.
Tunc Achior dux omnium filiorum Ammon respondens, ait : Si digneris audire, domine mi, dicam veritatem in conspectu tuo de populo isto, qui in montanis habitat, et non egredietur verbum falsum ex ore meo.
[6] This people is of the offspring of the Chaldeans.
Populus iste ex progenie Chaldaeorum est.
[7] They dwelt first in Mesopotamia, because they would not follow the gods of their fathers, who were in the land of the Chaldeans.
Hic primum in Mesopotamia habitavit, quoniam noluerunt sequi deos patrum suorum, qui erant in terra Chaldaeorum.
[8] Wherefore forsaking the ceremonies of their fathers, which consisted in the worship of many gods,
Deserentes itaque caeremonias patrum suorum, quae in multitudine deorum erant,
[9] They worshipped one God of heaven, who also commanded them to depart from thence, and to dwell in Charan. And when there was a famine over all the land, they went down into Egypt, and there for four hundred years were so multiplied, that the army of them could not be numbered.
unum Deum caeli coluerunt, qui et praecepit eis ut exirent inde et habitarent in Charan. Cumque operuisset omnem terram fames, descenderunt in Aegyptum, illicque per quadringentos annos sic multiplicati sunt, ut dinumerari eorum non posset exercitus.
[10] And when the king of Egypt oppressed them, and made slaves of them to labour in clay and brick, in the building of his cities, they cried to their Lord, and he struck the whole land of Egypt with divers plagues.
Cumque gravaret eos rex Aegypti, atque in aedificationibus urbium suarum in luto et latere subjugasset eos, clamaverunt ad Dominum suum, et percussit totam terram Aegypti plagis variis.
[11] And when the Egyptians had cast them out from them, and the plague had ceased from them, and they had a mind to take them again, and bring them back to their service,
Cumque ejecissent eos Aegyptii a se, et cessasset plaga ab eis, et iterum eos vellent capere, et ad suum servitium revocare,
[12] The God of heaven opened the sea to them in their flight, so that the waters were made to stand firm as a wall on either side, and they walked through the bottom of the sea and passed it dry foot.
fugientibus his, Deus caeli mare aperuit, ita ut hinc inde aquae quasi murus solidarentur, et isti pede sicco fundum maris perambulando transirent.
[13] And when an innumerable army of the Egyptians pursued after them in that place, they were so overwhelmed with the waters, that there was not one left, to tell what had happened to posterity.
In quo loco dum innumerabilis exercitus Aegyptiorum eos persequeretur, ita aquis coopertus est, ut non remaneret vel unus, qui factum posteris nuntiaret.
[14] And after they came out of the Red Sea, they abode in the deserts of mount Sina, in which never man could dwell, or son of man rested.
Egressi vero mare Rubrum, deserta Sina montis occupaverunt, in quibus numquam homo habitare potuit, vel filius hominis requievit.
[15] There bitter fountains were made sweet for them to drink, and for forty years they received food from heaven.
Illic fontes amari obdulcati sunt eis ad bibendum, et per annos quadraginta annonam de caelo consecuti sunt.
[16] Wheresoever they went in without bow and arrow, and without shield and sword, their God fought for them and overcame.
Ubicumque ingressi sunt sine arcu et sagitta, et absque scuto et gladio, Deus eorum pugnavit pro eis, et vicit.
[17] And there was no one that triumphed over this people, but when they departed from the worship of the Lord their God.
Et non fuit qui insultaret populo isti, nisi quando recessit a cultu Domini Dei sui.
[18] But as often as beside their own God, they worshipped any other, they were given to spoil, and to the sword, and to reproach.
Quotiescumque autem praeter ipsum Deum suum, alterum coluerunt, dati sunt in praedam, et in gladium, et in opprobrium.
[19] And as often as they were penitent for having revolted from the worship of their God, the God of heaven gave them power to resist.
Quotiescumque autem poenituerunt se recessisse a cultura Dei sui, dedit eis Deus caeli virtutem resistendi.
[20] So they overthrew the king of the Chanaanites, and of the Jebusites, and of the Pherezites, and of the Hethites, and of the Hevites, and of the Amorrhites, and all the mighty ones in Hesebon, and they possessed their lands, and their cities:
Denique Chananaeum regem, et Jebusaeum, et Pherezaeum, et Hethaeum, et Hevaeum, et Amorrhaeum, et omnes potentes in Hesebon prostraverunt, et terras eorum, et civitates eorum ipsi possederunt :
[21] And as long as they sinned not in the sight of their God, it was well with them: for their God hateth iniquity.
et usque dum non peccarent in conspectu Dei sui, erant cum illis bona : Deus enim illorum odit iniquitatem.
[22] And even some years ago when they had revolted from the way which God had given them to walk therein, they were destroyed in battles by many nations, and very many of them were led away captive into a strange land.
Nam et ante hos annos cum recessissent a via, quam dederat illis Deus, ut ambularent in ea, exterminati sunt praeliis a multis nationibus, et plurimi eorum captivi abducti sunt in terram non suam.
[23] But of late returning to the Lord their God, from the different places wherein they were scattered, they are come together and are gone up into all these mountains, and possess Jerusalem again, where their holies are.
Nuper autem reversi ad Dominum Deum suum, ex dispersione qua dispersi fuerant, adunati sunt, et ascenderunt montana haec omnia, et iterum possident Jerusalem, ubi sunt sancta eorum.
[24] Now therefore, my lord, search if there be any iniquity of theirs in the sight of their God: let us go up to them, because their God will surely deliver them to thee, and they shall be brought under the yoke of thy power:
Nunc ergo mi domine, perquire si est aliqua iniquitas eorum in conspectu Dei eorum : ascendamus ad illos, quoniam tradens tradet illos Deus eorum tibi, et subjugati erunt sub jugo potentiae tuae.
[25] But if there be no offense of this people in the sight of their God, we can not resist them, because their God will defend them: and we shall be a reproach to the whole earth.
Si vero non est offensio populi hujus coram Deo suo, non poterimus resistere illis, quoniam Deus eorum defendet illos : et erimus in opprobrium universae terrae.
[26] And it came to pass, when Achior had ceased to speak these words, all the great men of Holofernes were angry, and they had a mind to kill him, saying to each other:
Et factum est, cum cessasset loqui Achior verba haec, irati sunt omnes magnates Holofernis, et cogitabant interficere eum, dicentes ad alterutrum :
[27] Who is this, that saith the children of Israel can resist king Nabuchodonosor, and his armies, men unarmed, and without force, and without skill in the art of war?
Quis est iste, qui filios Israel posse dicat resistere regi Nabuchodonosor, et exercitibus ejus, homines inermes, et sine virtute, et sine peritia artis pugnae?
[28] That Achior therefore may know that he deceiveth us, let us go up into the mountains: and when the bravest of them shall be taken, then shall he with them be stabbed with the sword:
Ut ergo agnoscat Achior quoniam fallit nos, ascendamus in montana : et cum capti fuerint potentes eorum, tunc cum eisdem gladio transverberabitur :
[29] That every nation may know that Nabuchodonosor is god of the earth, and besides him there is no other.
ut sciat omnis gens quoniam Nabuchodonosor deus terrae est, et praeter ipsum alius non est.
Commentary:
Ver. 1. Mountains. Gr. adds, "and had fortified every summit of a high mountain, and had placed scandals in the plains," obstructing the passage (H.) with ditches, trees, (C.) and snares of every description. H.
Ver. 2. Ammon. Gr. adds, "and the satraps of the maritime country," (H.) the Philistines, who had submitted like the rest.
Ver. 3. Them. Gr. adds, "Ye sons of Chanaan tell." He was not acquainted with their origin: the title belonged only to the Phœnicians, (C.) who might also be present. H.
Ver. 4. East. Gr. "west," which seems more accurate, unless Holofernes was on the sea-coast, (C.) or that part of the country went by this name, as it does at present. H. --- He was not absolutely unacquainted with the Jews, but spoke in contempt, (v. 27. W. M.) and wished to know if they had formed a league with the Egyptians, &c. C.
Ver. 5. My. Gr. "the mouth of thy slave." H.
Ver. 6. Chaldeans. Abraham was a native of Ur. Gen. xii. C. --- This tended to conciliate the favour of the general, who as of the same country. M.
Ver. 9. Heaven. Gr. adds, "the God whom they had known, and they (the Chaldean idolaters) cast them out from the face of the gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia, and dwelt there many days: (H. that is, about two years. C.) and their God commanded them to leave their abode, and to go into the land of Chanaan; and they dwelt there, and were enriched;...and when," &c. --- There. Gr. "and where there till they returned; and there they became innumerable." H.
Ver. 10. Oppressed. Gr. "craftily inveigled them." Ex. i. 10.
Ver. 11. Plague. Gr. adds, "for which there was no remedy. And the Egyptians cast them out from among them. And God dried up the Red Sea before them, and conducted them to Mount Sinai and Cades-Barne, and cast out all the inhabitants of the desert; and they dwelt in the land of the Amorrhites, and exterminated all the Hesebon, by their power. Then crossing the Jordan, they took as their inheritance all the mountainous parts, and ejected the Chanaanite, Pherezite, Jebusite, Sichem, and all the Gergesites, and dwelt therein many days. And, " v. 21. H. --- The environs of Sichem belonged to the Hevites. C.
Ver. 14. Rested. This is attested, Deut. xxxii. 10. and Jer. ii. 6. M.
Ver. 16. Overcame, in the days of Josue, (M.) at Jericho, &c. H.
Ver. 22. Battles. He seems to speak of the captivity of Manasses, (W.) of the ten tribes, and of the loss sustained by Achaz. 2 Par. xxviii. 5. M. --- By many. Gr. "exceedingly; and they were led captive into a land which was not their own, and the temple of their God became as a pavement, and their cities were taken by the enemies. But now, returning to their God, they are come up from the places to which they had been scattered, and have possession of Jerusalem, where is their sanctuary; and they have inhabited the mountainous country, for it was a desert." H. --- Our adversaries would infer from this, and similar passages, that the siege of Bethulia could not have taken place till after the captivity of Babylon; and this many Catholics allow. But the proof is not conclusive, as all this might be verified under Manasses: (C.) "the temple was trampled on," (Syr. egennhqh eiV edafoV) and profaned. See C. iv. 2. and 1 Mac. iii. 51. and Luke xxi. 24. It had been pillaged by Sesac and the Assyrians, and had stood in need of great repairs under Ezechias, Josias, &c. Several of the Israelites had escaped from the hands of their oppressors, (2 Par. xxxiv. 9.) and the Jews had regained their strength after the captivity of Manasses, (C.) having retired before into their strong holds in the deserts. H.
Ver. 25. Cannot. Gr. "let my lord indeed pass by, lest their Lord should cover them with a shield, for their God is for them, and we," &c.
Ver. 26. All the. Gr. "all the people round the tent murmured; and the great men of Holofernes, and all who dwelt in the maritime country, and in Moab, threatened to cut him to pieces. For we shall not fear the children of Israel. Lo! a people without power, strength, or army in battle array! We shall then go up, and they shall be for food to all thy army, lord Holofernes. And," C. vi.
Ver. 27. Who. They speak thus through indignation, though they knew Achior well enough. W. - Their blasphemous presumption was soon punished. M.
Ver. 29. Other. This foolish attempt was not peculiar to this king. The great Nabuchodonosor was infected with the same vanity, (Dan. vi. 7.) and was imitated by many of the Persian monarchs, and by Alexander. Persas non piè tantum sed etiam prudenter Reges suos inter deos colere: Majestatem enim imperii salutis esse tutelam. Curtius viii. Yet most of the Greeks could not brook such flattery, though they were not influenced by religion, but by reason, and their own haughty temper. See Justin vi. Mart. x. 62.
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Masterlist (in chronological order):
Each fic's warnings are written on top of the page. Viewer discretion advised.
Sumire x Chief!Reader HC (SFW and NSFW)
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Yandere!Langley x Innocent!Chief!Reader (SFW and NSFW)
Vampire!Oak Casket x Nurse!Reader (NSFW)
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Alpha!Coquelicot x Omega!Reader (NSFW)
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Countess Chelsea x Reader || Eirene x Reader (SFW)
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Kinktober 2023 masterlist HERE
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Hello! Your Zoya fics were👌👌👌.
Hamel x Chief fluff please? I have the same feelings about her as Zoya after their chapters because I haven't arrested either and I'm sad not knowing how they're doing 🥲
flowing, deeply like currents
here!! thank you for the req, i hope it's up to your liking 🥺🥺 hamel's such a sweetheart, i rlly do hope the next few chaps revisit her and zoya for a bit.. it seems so sad that we ended the black rings but couldnt help their ground zeroes at all 😔😔
and thank you so much for the kind words! 💗💗 i hope you get hamel and zoya in your next ten pull🙏🏼🙏🏼
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THE BOOK OF JUDITH* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate
Chapter 11
INTRODUCTION.
The sacred writer of this Book is generally believed to be the high priest Eliachim, (called also Joachim.) The transactions herein related, most probably happened in his days, and in the reign of Manasses, after his repentance and return from captivity. It takes its name from that illustrious woman, by whose virtue and fortitude, armed with prayer, the children of Israel were preserved from the destruction threatened them by Holofernes and his great army. It finishes with her canticle of thanksgiving to God. Ch. --- He was a chief officer at court, under Ezechias, (4 K. xviii. 18. H.) before he was high priest, assuming his father Helchias's name. Many suppose that he was the author of this Book, as Josephus informs us that the priests recorded the most remarkable transactions. But this would prove that they wrote all the histories of the Bible. S. Jerom (in Agg. i. 6.) seems to believe that Judith left these memoirs. Yet we have no certain proof of the author. Josephus passes over this history, as he professed to exhibit only the Heb. books. Ant. x. 11. Prol. &c. S. Jerom doubts not but this was written in Chaldee, from which language he translated it; unless he caused it to be first explained to him in Heb. as he did the Book of Tobias. C. --- He might, however, have attained sufficient knowledge of the former language, which is so like the Hebrew, before he undertook this work. H. --- He professes to give "the sense," rather than a verbal translation. The Greek must have been taken from another copy, and is followed by the Syriac, in which we find some passages more exact than in the present Greek copies. The original is entirely lost. It might have removed many difficulties. Those however which are started by our adversaries, are not unanswerable. Grotius would suppose that this work is only a parable, representing the state of the Jewish church under the persecution of Epiphanes. But this singular notion has no foundation; and if it had, the authenticity of the Book would not be endangered, as the parable both of the Old and New Testament are certainly true, and written by inspiration. C. --- Luther styles it a poetical comedy; (Pref. et Sympos. 29.) but both Jews and Christians have esteemed it as a true history: (W.) and this innovator (H.) allows, that "the Book is beautiful, and written by an inspired prophet." C. --- The Fathers have looked upon it with the utmost veneration; and S. Jerom, though he was at one time under some doubts, placed it on a level with the Books of Ruth, and Esther, &c. Ep. ad Principiam. --- It is admitted by Origen, Tertullian, S. Chrys. S. Hilary, V. Bede, &c. as the history of a most valiant matron, delivering God's people from a cruel tyrant. W. --- Some place this event under Cambyses, son of Cyrus; (Euseb. S. Aug.) others under Xerxex, (Torniel) or Darius Hystaspes, (E.) or Ochus: (Sulp. Severus) but the opinion which has been given above is more accurate; (C.) or rather Bethulia was saved, while Manasses was in captivity, (in the 10th year of his reign) and the high priest administered affairs in his absence. At this point, Judith might be thirty-five years old. She lived seventy years afterwards; and many days (perhaps eight years more) passed before the country was invaded by Pharao Nechao. C. xvi. 30. Thus Manasses survived 45 years, Amon 2, Josias 31; total 78. This chronology removes every difficulty. Houbig. Pref. --- If true, it seems probable that the work would be originally in Heb. as the Chaldee was used only after the captivity, (H.) which may be farther proved from C. i. 15. Greek. Houbigant. --- Protestants prefer to translate this and the other apocrypha from the Greek. M.
* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.
The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.
Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY
This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:
Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.
Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.
Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.
Other special characters.
Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.
Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.
Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.
The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.
Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].
Chapter 11
Judith's speech to Holofernes.
[1] Then Holofernes said to her: Be of good comfort, and fear not in thy heart: for I have never hurt a man that was willing to serve Nabuchodonosor the king.
Tunc Holofernes dixit ei : Aequo animo esto, et noli pavere in corde tuo : quoniam ego numquam nocui viro, qui voluit servire Nabuchodonosor regi :
[2] And if thy people had not despised me, I would never have lifted up my spear against them.
populus autem tuus, si non contempsisset me, non levassem lanceam meam super eum.
[3] But now tell me, for what cause hast thou left them, and why it hath pleased thee to come to us?
Nunc autem dic mihi, qua ex causa recessisti ab illis, et placuit tibi ut venires ad nos?
[4] And Judith said to him: Receive the words of thy handmaid, for if thou wilt follow the words of thy handmaid, the Lord will do with thee a perfect thing.
Et dixit illi Judith : Sume verba ancillae tuae, quoniam si secutus fueris verba ancillae tuae, perfectam rem faciet Dominus tecum.
[5] For as Nabuchodonosor the king of the earth liveth, and his power liveth which is in thee for chastising of all straying souls: not only men serve him through thee, but also the beasts of the field obey him.
Vivit enim Nabuchodonosor rex terae, et vivit virtus ejus, quae est in te ad correptionem omnium animarum errantium : quoniam non solum homines serviunt illi per te, sed et bestiae agri obtemperant illi.
[6] For the industry of thy mind is spoken of among all nations, and it is told through the whole world, that thou only art excellent, and mighty in all his kingdom, and thy discipline is cried up in all provinces.
Nuntiatur enim animi tui industria universis gentibus, et indicatum est omni saeculo, quoniam tu solus bonus et potens es in omni regno ejus, et disciplina tua omnibus provinciis praedicatur.
[7] It is known also what Achior said, nor are we ignorant of what thou hast commanded to be done to him.
Nec hoc latet, quod locutus est Achior, nec illud ignoratur, quod ei jusseris evenire.
[8] For it is certain that our God is so offended with sins, that he hath sent word by his prophets to the people, that he will deliver them up for their sins.
Constat enim, Deum nostrum sic peccatis offensum, ut mandaverit per prophetas suos ad populum, quod tradat eum pro peccatis suis.
[9] And because the children of Israel know they have offended their God, thy dread is upon them.
Et quoniam sciunt se offendisse Deum suum filii Israel, tremor tuus super ipsos est.
[10] Moreover also a famine hath come upon them, and for drought of water they are already to be counted among the dead.
Insuper etiam fames invasit eos, et ab ariditate aquae jam inter mortuos computantur.
[11] And they have a design even to kill their cattle, and to drink the blood of them.
Denique hoc ordinant, ut interficient pecora sua, et bibant sanguinem eorum :
[12] And the consecrated things of the Lord their God which God forbade them to touch, in corn, wine, and oil, these have they purposed to make use of, and they design to consume the things which they ought not to touch with their hands: therefore because they do these things, it is certain they will be given up to destruction.
et sancta Domini Dei sui quae praecepit Deus non contingi, in frumento, vino, et oleo, haec cogitaverunt impendere, et volunt consumere quae nec manibus deberent contingere : ergo quoniam haec faciunt, certum est quod in perditionem dabuntur.
[13] And I thy handmaid knowing this, am fled from them, and the Lord hath sent me to tell thee these very things.
Quod ego ancilla tua cognoscens, fugi ab illis, et misit me Dominus haec ipsa nuntiare tibi.
[14] For I thy handmaid worship God even now that I am with thee, and thy handmaid will go out, and I will pray to God,
Ego enim ancilla tua Deum colo, etiam nunc apud te : et exiet ancilla tua, et orabo Deum,
[15] And he will tell me when he will repay them for their sins, and I will come and tell thee, so that I may bring thee through the midst of Jerusalem, and thou shalt have all the people of Israel, as sheep that have no shepherd, and there shall not so much as one dog bark against thee:
et dicet mihi quando eis reddat peccatum suum, et veniens nuntiabo tibi, ita ut ego adducam te per mediam Jerusalem, et habebis omnem populum Israel, sicut oves quibus non est pastor, et non latrabit vel unus canis contra te :
[16] Because these things are told me by the providence of God.
quoniam haec mihi dicta sunt per providentiam Dei.
[17] And because God is angry with them, I am sent to tell these very things to thee.
Et quoniam iratus est illis Deus, haec ipsa missa sum nuntiare tibi.
[18] And all these words pleased Holofernes, and his servants, and they admired her wisdom, and they said one to another:
Placuerunt autem omnia verba haec coram Holoferne, et coram pueris ejus, et mirabantur sapientiam ejus, et dicebant alter ad alterum :
[19] There is not such another woman upon earth in look, in beauty, and in sense of words.
Non est talis mulier super terram in aspectu, in pulchritudine, et in sensu verborum.
[20] And Holofernes said to her: God hath done well who sent thee before the people, that thou mightest give them into our hands:
Et dixit ad illam Holofernes : Benefecit Deus, qui misit te ante populum, ut des illum tu in manibus nostris :
[21] And because thy promise is good, if thy God shall do this for me, he shall also be my God, and thou shalt be great in the house of Nabuchodonosor, and thy name shall be renowned through all the earth.
et quoniam bona est promissio tua, si fecerit mihi hoc Deus tuus, erit et Deus meus, et tu in domo Nabuchodonosor magna eris, et nomen tuum nominabitur in universa terra.
Commentary:
Ver. 1. King. Gr. adds, "of all the earth."
Ver. 3. Why. Gr. "And art come to us? For thou art come for thy own safety. Take courage, for thou shalt live this night and henceforth, as no one shall hurt thee, but shall do thee good, as the servants of my lord, Nabuchodonosor, the king, are treated."
Ver. 4. Handmaid. Gr. adds, "and I will tell no untruth to my lord this night, for," &c. --- Thing. Gr. adds, "and none of the projects of my lord shall fail." H. --- All that Judith said was true in her sense, though the enemy did not understand her properly. So Josue lawfully entrapped the citizens of Hai. S. Aug. q. 10. in Jos. viii. W.
Ver. 5. Liveth. She imitates Joseph, (Gen. xlii. 15.) and Eliseus; (4 K. ii. 4.) and speaks the truth, as the general had subjected many to his master. M. --- Her speech was not superstitious, but shewed a civil respect. C.
Ver. 7. To him. Gr. intimates that she advised him to follow his counsel. "For our nation is not punished with the sword, unless they sin against their God. But now let not my lord be at a loss what to do. For death has fallen upon them, and sin has taken possession of them, so that they have irritated God by their folly," &c. v. 10. This might also be true, though they had not fallen into idolatry (C. viii. 18. H.) at Bethulia. M.
Ver. 8. Prophets. Though this had been threatened by the ancient prophets, (H.) we cannot pretend to specify which she means. C.
Ver. 10. Famine. They might have provisions, but they would be useless, on account of excessive thirst. M.
Ver. 11. Drink. Gr. "and all that God had forbidden them to eat by his laws, (H.) without making any distinction between the clean and unclean. Grot. --- Blood was prohibited even before the law. Gen. ix. 4. Lev. xvii. 14. C.
Ver. 12. Oil. Gr. may explain this. "And the first-fruits of corn, and the tithes of wine and of oil, which they had reserved as sacred for the priests, standing in Jerusalem, before our God, they had decreed to consume; though none of the people ought so much as to touch these things. Yet they have sent to obtain permission of the senate at Jerusalem, where the people have done the like. And when they shall have obtained an answer, they will fall to work, and then they will be abandoned to be destroyed by thee." H. --- She insinuates that her countrymen are in the utmost distress, and not much attached to religion; (C.) though in extreme want the distinction of meats is not to be enforces. H.
Ver. 13. Tell. Gr. "To perform with thee a feat which will astonish all who shall hear of these things. For thy handmaid is religious, and serveth the God of heaven day and night; and now my lord, I am," &c.
Ver. 14. God. Gr. adds, "in the night, in the valley."
Ver. 15. He will. Gr. "They shall have completed their sins." --- Tell thee. Gr. adds, "and thou shalt go out with all thy forces, and none of them shall resist thee; and I will bring thee through Judea, over-against Jerusalem, and will place thy throne in the midst of it, and thou shalt drive them like sheep," &c. --- Dog. This is proverbial. Ex. xi. 7. C. --- All Israel was at rest after the death of Holofernes. Judith brought his head in triumph through the country. The promise of dominion (H.) was ironical. 3 K. xxii. 15. M.
Ver. 16. God. Gr. "My foreknowledge; and I was sent to inform thee." H. --- She flatters Holofernes with the idea that he is under the special care of heaven. C.
Ver. 20. That. Gr. "To increase our strength, and to bring destruction on those who have despised my lord."
Ver. 21. Because. Gr. "And now thou art comely in thy appearance, and good in thy discourse. If then thou perform what thou hast spoken, thy God shall," &c. H. - It is hardly probable that he spoke in earnest. Perhaps he did not know that the true God allowed of no other. Being captivated with Judith's beauty, and perceiving that she was attached to religion, he had a mind to remove all her objections to his person. C.
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THE BOOK OF JUDITH* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate
Chapter 6
INTRODUCTION.
The sacred writer of this Book is generally believed to be the high priest Eliachim, (called also Joachim.) The transactions herein related, most probably happened in his days, and in the reign of Manasses, after his repentance and return from captivity. It takes its name from that illustrious woman, by whose virtue and fortitude, armed with prayer, the children of Israel were preserved from the destruction threatened them by Holofernes and his great army. It finishes with her canticle of thanksgiving to God. Ch. --- He was a chief officer at court, under Ezechias, (4 K. xviii. 18. H.) before he was high priest, assuming his father Helchias's name. Many suppose that he was the author of this Book, as Josephus informs us that the priests recorded the most remarkable transactions. But this would prove that they wrote all the histories of the Bible. S. Jerom (in Agg. i. 6.) seems to believe that Judith left these memoirs. Yet we have no certain proof of the author. Josephus passes over this history, as he professed to exhibit only the Heb. books. Ant. x. 11. Prol. &c. S. Jerom doubts not but this was written in Chaldee, from which language he translated it; unless he caused it to be first explained to him in Heb. as he did the Book of Tobias. C. --- He might, however, have attained sufficient knowledge of the former language, which is so like the Hebrew, before he undertook this work. H. --- He professes to give "the sense," rather than a verbal translation. The Greek must have been taken from another copy, and is followed by the Syriac, in which we find some passages more exact than in the present Greek copies. The original is entirely lost. It might have removed many difficulties. Those however which are started by our adversaries, are not unanswerable. Grotius would suppose that this work is only a parable, representing the state of the Jewish church under the persecution of Epiphanes. But this singular notion has no foundation; and if it had, the authenticity of the Book would not be endangered, as the parable both of the Old and New Testament are certainly true, and written by inspiration. C. --- Luther styles it a poetical comedy; (Pref. et Sympos. 29.) but both Jews and Christians have esteemed it as a true history: (W.) and this innovator (H.) allows, that "the Book is beautiful, and written by an inspired prophet." C. --- The Fathers have looked upon it with the utmost veneration; and S. Jerom, though he was at one time under some doubts, placed it on a level with the Books of Ruth, and Esther, &c. Ep. ad Principiam. --- It is admitted by Origen, Tertullian, S. Chrys. S. Hilary, V. Bede, &c. as the history of a most valiant matron, delivering God's people from a cruel tyrant. W. --- Some place this event under Cambyses, son of Cyrus; (Euseb. S. Aug.) others under Xerxex, (Torniel) or Darius Hystaspes, (E.) or Ochus: (Sulp. Severus) but the opinion which has been given above is more accurate; (C.) or rather Bethulia was saved, while Manasses was in captivity, (in the 10th year of his reign) and the high priest administered affairs in his absence. At this point, Judith might be thirty-five years old. She lived seventy years afterwards; and many days (perhaps eight years more) passed before the country was invaded by Pharao Nechao. C. xvi. 30. Thus Manasses survived 45 years, Amon 2, Josias 31; total 78. This chronology removes every difficulty. Houbig. Pref. --- If true, it seems probable that the work would be originally in Heb. as the Chaldee was used only after the captivity, (H.) which may be farther proved from C. i. 15. Greek. Houbigant. --- Protestants prefer to translate this and the other apocrypha from the Greek. M.
* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.
The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.
Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY
This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:
Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.
Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.
Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.
Other special characters.
Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.
Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.
Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.
The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.
Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].
Chapter 6
Holofernes in great rage sendeth Achior to Bethulia, there to be slain with the Israelites.
[1] And it came to pass when they had left off speaking, that Holofernes being in a violent passion, said to Achior:
Factum est autem cum cessassent loqui, indignatus Holofernes vehementer, dixit ad Achior :
[2] Because thou hast prophesied unto us, saying: That the nation of Israel is defended by their God, to shew thee that there is no God, but Nabuchodonosor:
Quoniam prophetasti nobis, dicens quod gens Israel defendatur a Deo suo, ut ostendam tibi quoniam non est deus nisi Nabuchodonosor :
[3] When we shall slay them all as one man, then thou also shalt die with them by the sword of the Assyrians, and all Israel shall perish with thee:
cum percusserimus eos omnes, sicut hominem unum, tunc et ipse cum illis Assyriorum gladio interibis, et omnis Israel tecum perditione disperiet :
[4] And thou shalt find that Nabuchodonosor is lord of the whole earth: and then the sword of my soldiers shall pass through thy sides, and thou shalt be stabbed and fall among the wounded of Israel, and thou shalt breathe no more till thou be destroyed with them.
et probabis quoniam Nabuchodonosor dominus sit universae terrae : tuncque gladius militiae meae transiet per latera tua, et confixus cades inter vulneratos Israel, et non respirabis ultra, donec extermineris cum illis.
[5] But if thou think thy prophecy true, let not thy countenance sink, and let the paleness that is in thy face, depart from thee, if thou imaginest these my words cannot be accomplished.
Porro autem si prophetiam tuam veram existimas, non concidat vultus tuus, et pallor, qui faciem tuam obtinet, abscedat a te, si verba mea haec putas impleri non posse.
[6] And that thou mayst know that thou shalt experience these things together with them, behold from this hour thou shalt be associated to their people, that when they shall receive the punishment they deserve from my sword, thou mayst fall under the same vengeance.
Ut autem noveris quia simul cum illis haec experieris, ecce ex hac hora illorum populo sociaberis, ut, dum dignas mei gladii poenas exceperint, ipse simul ultioni subjaceas.
[7] Then Holofernes commanded his servants to take Achior, and to lead him to Bethulia, and to deliver him into the hands of the children of Israel.
Tunc Holofernes praecepit servis suis ut comprehenderent Achior, et perducerent eum in Bethuliam, et traderent eum in manus filiorum Israel.
[8] And the servants of Holofernes taking him, went through the plains: but when they came near the mountains, the slingers came out against them.
Et accipientes eum servi Holofernis, profecti sunt per campestria : sed cum appropinquassent ad montana, exierunt contra eos fundibularii.
[9] Then turning out of the way by the side of the mountain, they tied Achior to a tree hand and foot, and so left him bound with ropes, and returned to their master.
Illi autem divertentes a latere montis, ligaverunt Achior ad arborem manibus et pedibus, et sic vinctum restibus dimiserunt eum, et reversi sunt ad dominum suum.
[10] And the children of Israel coming down from Bethulia, came to him, and loosing him they brought him to Bethulia, and setting him in the midst of the people, asked him what was the matter, that the Assyrians had left him bound.
Porro filii Israel descendentes de Bethulia, venerunt ad eum : quem solventes, duxerunt ad Bethuliam, atque in medium populi illum statuentes, percunctati sunt quid rerum esset quod illum vinctum Assyrii reliquissent.
[11] In those days the rulers there, were Ozias the son of Micha of the tribe of Simeon, and Charmi, called also Gothoniel.
In diebus illis erant illic principes, Ozias filius Micha de tribu Simeon, et Charmi, qui et Gothoniel.
[12] And Achior related in the midst of the ancients, and in the presence of all the people, all that he had said being asked by Holofernes: and how the people of Holofernes would have killed him for this word,
In medio itaque seniorum, et in conspectu omnium, Achior dixit omnia quae locutus ipse fuerat ab Holoferne interrogatus : et qualiter populus Holofernis voluisset propter hoc verbum interficere eum,
[13] And how Holofernes himself being angry had commanded him to be delivered for this cause to the Israelites: that when he should overcome the children of Israel, then he might command Achior also himself to be put to death by diverse torments, for having said: The God of heaven is their defender.
et quemadmodum ipse Holofernes iratus jusserit eum Israelitis hac de causa tradi : ut, dum vicerit filios Israel, tunc et ipsum Achior diversis jubeat interire suppliciis, propter hoc quod dixisset : Deus caeli defensor eorum est.
[14] And when Achior had declared all these things, all the people fell upon their faces, adoring the Lord, and all of them together mourning and weeping poured out their prayers with one accord to the Lord,
Cumque Achior universa haec exposuisset, omnis populus cecidit in faciem, adorantes Dominum, et communi lamentatione et fletu unanimes preces suas Domino effuderunt,
[15] Saying: O Lord God of heaven and earth, behold their pride, and look on our low condition, and have regard to the face of thy saints, and shew that thou forsakes not them that trust on thee, and that thou humblest them that presume of themselves, and glory in their own strength.
dicentes : Domine Deus caeli et terrae, intuere superbiam eorum, et respice ad nostram humilitatem, et faciem sanctorum tuorum attende, et ostende quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te : et praesumentes de se, et de sua virtute gloriantes, humilias.
[16] So when their weeping was ended, and the peoples prayer, in which they continued all the day, was concluded, they comforted Achior,
Finito itaque fletu, et per totam diem oratione populorum completa, consolati sunt Achior,
[17] Saying: the God of our fathers, whose power thou hast set forth, will make this return to thee, that thou rather shalt see their destruction.
dicentes : Deus patrum nostrorum, cujus tu virtutem praedicasti, ipse tibi hanc dabit vicissitudinem, ut eorum magis tu interitum videas.
[18] And when the Lord our God shall give this liberty to his servants, let God be with thee also in the midst of us: that as it shall please thee, so thou with all thine mayst converse with us.
Cum vero Dominus Deus noster dederit hanc libertatem servis suis, sit et tecum Deus in medio nostri : ut sicut placuerit tibi, ita cum tuis omnibus converseris nobiscum.
[19] Then Ozias, after the assembly was broken up, received him into his house, and made him a great supper.
Tunc Ozias, finito consilio, suscepit eum in domum suam, et fecit ei coenam magnam.
[20] And all the ancients were invited, and they refreshed themselves together after their fast was over.
Et vocatis omnibus presbyteris, simul expleto jejunio refecerunt.
[21] And afterwards all the people were called together, and they prayed all the night long within the church, desiring help of the God of Israel.
Postea vero convocatus est omnis populus, et per totam noctem intra ecclesiam oraverunt, petentes auxilium a Deo Israel.
Commentary:
Ver. 1. Achior. Gr. adds, "before all the populace of the strangers." And who art thou, Achior, before all this company of foreigners, and the sons of Moab? and what are the mercenaries of Ephraim, that thou? v. 2.
Ver. 2. To shew. Gr. "and who is God but Nabuchodonosor? He will," &c. H. --- They allow the title to none but their king. Neither will God admit of any rival. W. --- The generous advice of Achior was highly resented. Charidemus, who spoke with the like boldness to Darius, when Alexander approached, was even put to death, though the king repented when it was too late. Curt. iii. Diod. xiv.
Ver. 6. People. Gr. "my slaves shall station thee on the mountainous country, and in one of the cities on the ascents, (of which thou hast so much spoken) and thou shalt not perish till thou perish with them. But if thou believest in thy heart that they will not be taken, let not thy countenance fall. I have spoken, and nothing that I have said shall be without effect."
Ver. 7. Bethulia. Travellers, depending on the uncertain traditions of the country, generally place this fortress in the tribe of Zebulon, about three miles west of Tiberias. See Brochard. &c. But S. Jerom places it near Egypt; (Vita Hil.) and the Scripture speaks of Bethul, in the tribe of Simeon, (Jos. xix. 4.) to which Judith and the ancients belonged. Holofernes left his camp near Scythopolis, (C. vii. 1.) when he proceeded (C.) to attack the southern countries. H.
Ver. 11. And. Gr. adds, "Chabris, the son of Othoniel, and Charmis, the son of Melchiel." M. --- The former is, in effect, mentioned C. viii. 9. C.
Ver. 15. Pride. God will not fail to reward those who trust in him, (H.) and to humble the presumptuous. W. --- Saints. Syr. "sanctuary." This version and the Greek have only, "Look upon the face of the persons (or things) sanctified unto thee on this day. And they consoled Achior, and praised him greatly. And Ozias took him from the assembly to his own house, and made a feast (lit. drinking) for the ancients, and they invoked the God of Israel to assist them during all that night." H.
Ver. 18. With us, observing the true religion. M.
Ver. 20. Over. The Jews eat nothing before night, and then no abstinence is prescribed, (C.) as the fast is at an end. H.
Ver. 21. The church. That is, the synagogue or place where they met in prayer. Ch. - For such places were established, particularly after the captivity, though some have denied that there were any synagogues, even in the days of the Machabees. See Mat. iv. 23. Est. iv. 16. C.
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THE BOOK OF JUDITH* - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate
Chapter 15
INTRODUCTION.
The sacred writer of this Book is generally believed to be the high priest Eliachim, (called also Joachim.) The transactions herein related, most probably happened in his days, and in the reign of Manasses, after his repentance and return from captivity. It takes its name from that illustrious woman, by whose virtue and fortitude, armed with prayer, the children of Israel were preserved from the destruction threatened them by Holofernes and his great army. It finishes with her canticle of thanksgiving to God. Ch. --- He was a chief officer at court, under Ezechias, (4 K. xviii. 18. H.) before he was high priest, assuming his father Helchias's name. Many suppose that he was the author of this Book, as Josephus informs us that the priests recorded the most remarkable transactions. But this would prove that they wrote all the histories of the Bible. S. Jerom (in Agg. i. 6.) seems to believe that Judith left these memoirs. Yet we have no certain proof of the author. Josephus passes over this history, as he professed to exhibit only the Heb. books. Ant. x. 11. Prol. &c. S. Jerom doubts not but this was written in Chaldee, from which language he translated it; unless he caused it to be first explained to him in Heb. as he did the Book of Tobias. C. --- He might, however, have attained sufficient knowledge of the former language, which is so like the Hebrew, before he undertook this work. H. --- He professes to give "the sense," rather than a verbal translation. The Greek must have been taken from another copy, and is followed by the Syriac, in which we find some passages more exact than in the present Greek copies. The original is entirely lost. It might have removed many difficulties. Those however which are started by our adversaries, are not unanswerable. Grotius would suppose that this work is only a parable, representing the state of the Jewish church under the persecution of Epiphanes. But this singular notion has no foundation; and if it had, the authenticity of the Book would not be endangered, as the parable both of the Old and New Testament are certainly true, and written by inspiration. C. --- Luther styles it a poetical comedy; (Pref. et Sympos. 29.) but both Jews and Christians have esteemed it as a true history: (W.) and this innovator (H.) allows, that "the Book is beautiful, and written by an inspired prophet." C. --- The Fathers have looked upon it with the utmost veneration; and S. Jerom, though he was at one time under some doubts, placed it on a level with the Books of Ruth, and Esther, &c. Ep. ad Principiam. --- It is admitted by Origen, Tertullian, S. Chrys. S. Hilary, V. Bede, &c. as the history of a most valiant matron, delivering God's people from a cruel tyrant. W. --- Some place this event under Cambyses, son of Cyrus; (Euseb. S. Aug.) others under Xerxex, (Torniel) or Darius Hystaspes, (E.) or Ochus: (Sulp. Severus) but the opinion which has been given above is more accurate; (C.) or rather Bethulia was saved, while Manasses was in captivity, (in the 10th year of his reign) and the high priest administered affairs in his absence. At this point, Judith might be thirty-five years old. She lived seventy years afterwards; and many days (perhaps eight years more) passed before the country was invaded by Pharao Nechao. C. xvi. 30. Thus Manasses survived 45 years, Amon 2, Josias 31; total 78. This chronology removes every difficulty. Houbig. Pref. --- If true, it seems probable that the work would be originally in Heb. as the Chaldee was used only after the captivity, (H.) which may be farther proved from C. i. 15. Greek. Houbigant. --- Protestants prefer to translate this and the other apocrypha from the Greek. M.
* One of the seven Deutero-Canonical books, missing from most non-Catholic Bibles.
The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.
Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY
This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:
Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.
Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.
Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.
Other special characters.
Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.
Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.
Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.
The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.
Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].
Chapter 15
The Assyrians flee: the Hebrews pursue after them, and are enriched by their spoils.
[1] And when all the army heard that Holofernes was beheaded, courage and counsel fled from them, and being seized with trembling and fear they thought only to save themselves by flight: Cumque omnis exercitus decollatum Holofernem audisset, fugit mens et consilium ab eis, et solo tremore et metu agitati, fugae praesidium sumunt,
[2] So that no one spoke to his neighbour, but hanging down the head, leaving all things behind, they made haste to escape from the Hebrews, who, as they heard, were coming armed upon them, and fled by the ways of the fields, and the paths of the hills. ita ut nullus loqueretur cum proximo suo, sed inclinato capite, relictis omnibus, evadere festinabant Hebraeos, quos armatos super se venire audiebant, fugientes per vias camporum et semitas collium.
[3] So the children of Israel seeing them fleeing, followed after them. And they went down sounding with trumpets and shouting after them. Videntes itaque filii Israel fugientes, secuti sunt illos. Descenderuntque clangentes tubis, et ululantes post ipsos.
[4] And because the Assyrians were not united together, they went without order in their flight; but the children of Israel pursuing in one body, defeated all that they could find. Et quoniam Assyrii non adunati, in fugam ibant praecipites : filii autem Israel uno agmine persequentes debilitabant omnes, quos invenire potuissent.
[5] And Ozias sent messengers through all the cities and countries of Israel. Misit itaque Ozias nuntios per omnes civitates et regiones Israel.
[6] And every country, and every city, sent their chosen young men armed after them, and they pursued them with the edge of the sword until they came to the extremities of their confines. Omnis itaque regio, omnisque urbs electam juventutem armatam misit post eos, et persecuti sunt eos in ore gladii, quousque pervenirent ad extremitatem finium suorum.
[7] And the rest that were in Bethulia went into the camp of the Assyrians, and took away the spoils, which the Assyrians in their flight had left behind them, and they were laden exceedingly. Reliqui autem, qui erant in Bethulia, ingressi sunt castra Assyriorum, et praedam, quam fugientes Assyrii reliquerant, abstulerunt, et onustati sunt valde.
[8] But they that returned conquerors to Bethulia, brought with them all things that were theirs, so that there was no numbering of their cattle, and beasts, and all their moveables, insomuch that from the least to the greatest all were made rich by their spoils. Hi vero, qui victores reversi sunt ad Bethuliam, omnia quae erant illorum attulerunt secum, ita ut non esset numerus in pecoribus et jumentis et universis mobilibus eorum, ut a minimo usque ad maximum omnes divites fierent de praedationibus eorum.
[9] And Joachim the high priest came from Jerusalem to Bethulia with all his ancients to see Judith. Joacim autem summus pontifex de Jerusalem venit in Bethuliam cum universis presbyteris suis ut videret Judith.
[10] And when she was come out to him, they all blessed her with one voice, saying: Thou art the glory of Jerusalem, thou art the joy of Israel, thou art the honour of our people: Quae cum exisset ad illum, benedixerunt eam omnes una voce, dicentes : Tu gloria Jerusalem; tu laetitia Israel; tu honorificentia populi nostri :
[11] For thou hast done manfully, and thy heart has been strengthened, because thou hast loved chastity, and after thy husband hast not known any other: therefore also the hand of the Lord hath strengthened thee, and therefore thou shalt be blessed for ever. quia fecisti viriliter, et confortatum est cor tuum, eo quod castitatem amaveris, et post virum tuum, alterum nescieris : ideo et manus Domini confortavit te, et ideo eris benedicta in aeternum.
[12] And all the people said: So be it, so be it. Et dixit omnis populus : Fiat, fiat.
[13] And thirty days were scarce sufficient for the people of Israel to gather up the spoils of the Assyrians. Per dies autem triginta, vix collecta sunt spolia Assyriorum a populo Israel.
[14] But all those things that were proved to be the peculiar goods of Holofernes, they gave to Judith in gold, and silver, and garments and precious stones, and all household stuff, and they all were delivered to her by the people. Porro autem universa quae Holofernis peculiaria fuisse probata sunt, dederunt Judith in auro, et argento, et vestibus, et gemmis, et omni supellectili, et tradita sunt omnia illi a populo.
[15] And all the people rejoiced, with the women, and virgins, and young men, playing on instruments and harps. Et omnes populi gaudebant cum mulieribus, et virginibus, et juvenibus, in organis, et citharis.
Commentary:
Ver. 1. All. Gr. "Those who were in the tents heard, they were astonished at the fact; and fear and trembling fell upon them, and there was not a man remaining before his neighbour; but rushing out, with one accord, they fled through every path, in the plains and in the mountains; and those who were encamped in the high places around Bethulia, (H. the Moabites, &c. C. vii. 8. C.) fled. Then every warrior of Israel rushed out upon them, and Ozias," v. 5.
Ver. 5. Israel. Gr. adds, "informing them of what had been accomplished, and that all might pour upon the enemies, to cut them off. But when the Israelites heard this, they all, unanimously, fell upon them, as far as Chobai: (H. Hoba. C.) in like manner those from Jerusalem came up, and from all the mountainous country; for they also were informed of what had happened in the camp of their enemies; and the men of Galaad and of Galilee scattered them with great slaughter, till they had passed Damascus and its boundaries." H. --- As the enemy fled without a leader, we may easily imagine what carnage would ensue. C.
Ver. 7. The. Gr. "their spoils, and were greatly enriched." H. --- Mariana suggests that we should read honestati, which is used in this sense, (Eccli. xi. 23.) instead of onustati, loaded.
Ver. 8. They. Gr. "The Israelites, returning from the slaughter, took possession of the remainder, and the villages and cities, both in the mountains and champaign country, took many spoils; for these was great abundance. But Joachim," &c.
Ver. 9. Came. Gr. adds, "and the senate of Israel, residing at Jerusalem, came." This alludes to the sanhedrim. Grotius. --- But, it seems, its institution was posterior to the captivity, and we may understand the principal men of the city, or of the priests. C. --- To see. Gr. adds, "the good things (Compl. to confirm or lay a foundation for, the good things) which God had done to Israel, and to see Judith, and speak peace with her." Prot. "to salute her." H. --- Joachim is the same with Eliacim; El being only prefixed. T. --- He is the Sadoc II. or Odeas of Josephus; (Reinec.) and succeeded Sobna both in spiritual and temporal power. Isai. xxii. Bellarmin.
Ver. 10. She. Gr. "They were gone into her apartment, they," &c. --- Art the. Gr. adds, "great joy, and the great boast of our race; because thou hast done all these things with thy hand, thou hast procured the good of Israel, and God hath been pleased with them. Be thou blessed by the omnipotent Lord for ever." H. --- Judith was a figure of the blessed Virgin, to whom these praises chiefly belong. Fulbert. W.
Ver. 11. Chastity, &c. This is not in Syr. &c. and though, generally speaking, celibacy was not esteemed honourable among the Jews, yet chastity was so much the more admired, as it was more uncommon. A widow was deserving of praise for not lightly entering upon a second marriage. C. --- Those who abstain from it, were respected, like virgins, by the Romans. Val. Maxim. ii. 1.
Ver. 13. Thirty. Gr. "And the people plundered the camp thirty (Syr. three) days." The camp of the Assyrians was in various places, and the people waited a month before they began to divide the spoils among all, according to their laws. Num. xxxi. 27. and 1 K. xxx. 24. C.
Ver. 14. But. Gr. "And they gave to Judith the tent of Holofernes, and all the silver plate, and beds and basins, and all his furniture, which she taking, place upon her mule, and put to her chariots, and heaped them thereon; and every woman of Israel ran to see her, and they blessed her, and danced in her honour. Then she took some thyrsus (H. or branches entwined with ivy, &c. C.) in her hands, and gave to those women who accompanied her; and they crowned with olive both her and her attendant; (maid, or Alex. Sept. "and she was crowned with olive, and her mule;" Grabe substitutes "female companions,") and she went before all the people, leading the dance of all the women; and every man of Israel followed in arms, with crowns, and with hymns in their mouth. Then," &c. C. xvi. H. --- The bearing of green branches, on such occasions, was very common. Lev. xxiii. 40. 2 Mac. x. 7. Mat. xxi. 8. Hence Tacitus (Hist. v.) supposed that the Jews adored Bacchus. But there was nothing here of the immodesty, which generally attended the pagan festivals. We only find this instance of women being crowned with olive. But this tree was very proper, as it was used in rejoicings: Ramo felicis olivæ; (Virg. vi.) on which Servius remarks, olivæ, arboris festæ. At certain races in Greece, women who gained the victory, were thus crowned; (Alex. Genial v. 8.) and it was used by the Roman cavalry on the ides of July, and in ovations. Pliny xv. 4. - The processions of the Church often admit of similar ornaments in honour of God, (T.) and to promote piety. H.
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