#gutta valley

[thebandcampdiaries]

ADARA47 has recently released a brand new studio single: "Gutta Valley” (Featuring Fedd the God)

ADARA47 is an artist and songwriter who recently managed to set the bar higher in terms of adding more innovation and new ideas to his music. His most recent studio release, "Gutta Valley", feels like a fantastic insight on how to artist swiftly combines modern rap and old-school hip-hop, going for an impactful formula. This is a very strong start of 2025 for ADARA47, who released a full-length album in 2022, and various singles and EPs throughout his career. This collaboration with Fedd the God (of Taylor Gang) hits the mark, showcasing quality production and an amazing rap performance.

Musically, ��Gutta Valley" kicks off with a melodic and immersive introduction, only to give way to a very articulate and detailed flow, which really highlights all artists involved. The song has a very atmospheric sound, with deep bass and a melodic keyboard pattern with a dreamy, immersive tone. The main drum pattern blasts off at about 10 seconds in along with the vocals, highlighting not only articulation, but also the artist’s ability to bring melody to the mix. Fans of artists such as Juice WRLD, Capital Steez, or Andrè 3000 would certainly connect with this. Fedd and ADARA47 have very different vocal styles, and this is why the song has such a dynamic flow. By blending Adara47’s melodic, yet cutting flow, with Fedd’s more “old-school” style, the combination gives off a powerful style, which still retains a personal vibe.

They complement each other perfectly, adding some spice to the mix. In addition to the mesmerizing instrumental and great vocals, the song has a truly unique backstory. “Gutta Valley” is about the fight to overcome limits set by the world. Each line tells a story of pushing through tough times. It’s an encouragement to hope, and it’s an ode to never giving up, no matter what. The song is named after the Ohio Valley, deep in the heart of America’s Rust Belt. The area was an important industrial pole back in the day, as it was known for its busy factories and steel mills. With the passing of time, locals were left with fewer jobs and opportunities, as factories closed and work dried up. While the song offers many references to the artist’s local lore, it’s a song that goes far beyond representing the hardships of the artist’s home region. At the end of the day, “Gutta Valley” is really all about authenticity and resilience in the face of changing times. As we all know, the message of the song is more relatable than ever, and it doesn’t matter where you’re from or what your challenges are: this is a universal notion that people can connect with in a very genuine way.

Hip-hop has long served as a platform for marginalized voices, telling stories and sharing struggles often ignored by mainstream culture. With “Gutta Valley,” Adara47 and Fedd the God continue this tradition today, blending raw lyrics and compelling instrumentals to perfection.

Find out more about ADARA47 and check out "Gutta Valley” (Featuring Fedd the God), now available on Spotify and other digital streaming services.

We also had the opportunity to ask the artists a few questions: keep reading for our full interview with ADARA47!

The concept of resilience is key to “Gutta Valley:” What inspired you to come up with such an impactful song?

To me, music is one of the most powerful ways to give a voice to the voiceless. It’s not just about expressing my own story—it’s about shining a light on the stories and struggles that often go unnoticed. I’ve always felt it’s my responsibility to use the gift I have to spread awareness about issues that people tend to overlook. With “Gutta Valley,” I wanted to capture both the pain and the potential of the Ohio Valley—a region full of incredible talent and grit but also weighed down by challenges like addiction and violence. The song is a call to recognize those realities but also to inspire hope and change. The ‘gutter’ in the title isn’t just a metaphor for the lows of life—it’s about finding a way to let the flow of creativity, potential, and opportunity run free instead of being blocked.

What prompted your collaboration with Fedd the God?

Fedd brings something really special to this track. He’s one of those artists who feels real—his energy is raw, his lyrics are authentic, and his presence resonates with people. That’s why he’s such a big name in Pittsburgh and beyond. Being signed to Taylor Gang might have put him on a larger stage, but what I admire most is how humble he’s stayed. As he’s said himself, he doesn’t consider himself famous—he’s just “very popular.” That humility and relatability make him such a powerful voice for the people of Pittsburgh and the Ohio Valley. Beyond his character, he’s incredibly talented musically, and I knew he could bring the perfect blend of authenticity and energy to this song. He’s the kind of artist who doesn’t just add to a track—he amplifies its message.

As a rapper, who influenced your storytelling approach in music most?

Storytelling is at the core of what I do, and I’ve always been drawn to artists who can paint vivid pictures with their words. Slick Rick, Andre 3000, Notorious B.I.G., and Nas are the legends who taught me how to weave a story into a song. I studied them religiously, breaking down their lyrics to understand how they crafted narratives that felt so alive. But I also look outside of hip-hop for inspiration. Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash, for example, had a way of telling stories that cut straight to the heart. They could capture human emotion in such a raw, timeless way, and that’s something I try to bring into my own music. For me, it’s all about creating a story that stays with people long after the song ends.

How did the Ohio Valley influence your sound, if at all?

The Ohio Valley shaped me in so many ways. As a teenager, I was part of the local scene, performing at shows up and down the valley. There’s something about this region—it’s a melting pot of raw talent, resilience, and creativity. It’s also a place with deep musical roots. People often forget that RZA from Wu-Tang Clan—one of the most influential figures in 90s East Coast hip-hop—is actually from Steubenville, right in the Valley. His impact on music was huge, and that influence rippled through generations, even here. Musically, I draw a lot from the gritty storytelling and soulful beats of 90s East Coast hip-hop, and I think that’s a reflection of the Valley itself—raw, real, and full of untapped potential.

What role does hope play in your music and songwriting?

Hope is everything. It’s what keeps people moving forward when life feels unbearable. Around here, in the Ohio Valley, hope is often the only thing that keeps people from giving up entirely. The struggles we face are heavy—addiction, violence, poverty—but hope is what pushes us to believe in something better, to keep fighting for a brighter future. I try to make hope the backbone of everything I create. Without it, music would just be noise; with it, music becomes a lifeline, a reminder that even in the darkest places, there’s still a chance to rise above.

What’s next on your artistic journey? Any plans for 2025?

2025 is all about growth and evolution. I’m planning to release more music that pushes my artistry to new heights, both sonically and lyrically. I want to experiment with different sounds and genres while staying true to my foundation in storytelling and authenticity. I’ve been working on some projects that I think will resonate deeply with listeners, and I’m excited to share them with the world.

On top of that, I’m focusing on creating more visual content—music videos that feel like mini-movies, drawing people into the stories behind the songs. I’m also aiming to perform more, hitting the stage and connecting with audiences in a way that only live music can provide. And it’s not just about my journey—I want to give back to the creative community, whether that’s through collaborations, mentoring younger artists, or finding ways to inspire the next wave of talent. For me, 2025 is about breaking new ground, creating meaningful art, and leaving a lasting impact.

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[marzipanandminutiae]

I’m one of the people who’s a bit spooked by older dolls; my beloved late aunt collected Shirley Temples in bad shape with the intent of restoring them, and they usually got to convalesce in the room I stayed in until then. It was formative in the most unfortunate sense, ha. But I’m really curious to hear about your Mademoiselle Leonore - what age group would she have been intended for, originally? Would they have seen her more like a friend, or as something to mother? Is she a typical model for a doll from her era, or would she have been considered old-fashioned or even new for the time?

Sorry for all the questions, you definitely don’t have to answer them all! I’m only like the anon who’s trying to think of dolls less as “eek spooky uncanny valley” and more as companions that would’ve been dearly loved. Thanks for your help in that! :)

Oh NO. Yeah, not the best way to introduce a kid to old dolls. I'm sorry you had a bad first experience with them.

(To be honest, damaged composition dolls like that sometimes creep even me out. I know they were loved too, and they have artistic value, but their eyes are just so flat and they feel so weird to the touch- not plastic, not bisque, not wood or leather, not cloth, not even rubber/gutta-percha...even earlier dolls with composition bodies and bisque heads don't trip the same Nope instinct in me. And sometimes they have TIN EYES which make scraping noises when they open and close, get yellowed, and look even flatter than the painted ones...brrrr. But! Still worthy of appreciation.)

French fashion dolls like Leonore are in a really interesting position re: intended age and common types of play. When the movement started in the 1850s in Paris, it began with dolls in the "Mode Enfantine" style- fashions for children, with the dolls meant to represent girls of perhaps 9-12.

(Doll by Huret, c. 1860, dressed in the enfantine style. Note relatively short skirt, less shaped bodice, and fluffy unstyled lamb's-wool wig.)

However, by the mid-late 1860s, the same sort of doll was beginning to be dressed as a fashionable lady, too.

(Doll by Dehors, late 1860s. Same manufacturer that made Leonore's head. Here we see a long skirt, a more sophisticated dress design, pinned-up hair, and a silhouette that mimics an adult woman's shape rather than a child's.)

The two styles existed contemporaneously for a while among French fashion dolls, with the taste for lady dolls coming to dominate in the 1870s and early 1880s. However, children will always play what they want with what they have, and one occasionally sees original French fashion trousseaus that include both opera dresses and christening gowns. It's not common, but it does happen.

And how exactly children played with these dolls was a subject of some concern among contemporary commenters. Many articles in at least American and British magazines expressed concern that Young Miss would lose her maternal instincts playing with dolls that were adults rather than babies. One particularly nauseating story I read on Google Books features some Little Sally or other throwing over her "Paris doll" at once when Mama is persuaded to buy her "a real baby-doll." Gag.

(There was also debate over whether a little girl could truly be content with ordinary outfits when her doll had such fabulous treasures as were sold for French fashions. I'm rather glad we're past the "will this doll make my child Too Worldly" hand-wringing. At least modern "will this doll damage my child's self-esteem" is well-intentioned, even if it often backfires in practice.)

So it seems like, with a few exceptions, they were mostly vehicles for girls to imagine their own futures. And interestingly, those futures were wider than simply being a wife and mother. As with Barbie, French fashions may have presented a circumscribed adult life, but it was still a life outside the home. With sporting outfits, promenade dresses, formalwear, traveling clothes, etc., the average Parisian doll of the day certainly didn't seem to be entirely focused on hearth and household.

The target age range for these dolls is a little bit murky. One generally sees them in photographs with children around ages 8 to 14, but occasionally one will be clutched in the hand of a younger child. It's hard to imagine a truly wee one working the minute fastenings of their clothing or keeping them unbroken, so I imagine they were generally for today's Barbie crowd (Monster High? Rainbow High? what's hot right now, anyway?). There are rumors of adult collectors, including Napoleon's niece Mathilde Bonaparte, but I haven't actually read the sources that information comes from to check for myself. Still, with entire miniature worlds available for these dolls, it wouldn't surprise me!

And finally, Leonore would have been considered a very fine modern doll indeed when she was new. Her jointed wooden body was a cut above the most common stuffed leather bodies, though her average size (17"/43cm) likely made her easy to find clothing for in doll shops. Collectors often now call this "size 4," after some markings consistently found on dolls, and it seems to have been the most usual size for French fashions. Though of course, there's massive variation in the "genre," from tiny 9"/22cm fairies to exhibition models that can reach 3'/91cm tall.

Rather long-winded, but I hope that answers all your questions! I'm really glad whenever I can help shed some light on my much-maligned antique darlings. Best of luck in your journey towards de-creepying dolls for yourself.

[blackkudos]

Tupac Shakur

Tupac Amaru Shakur (/ˈtuːpɑːk ʃəˈkʊər/ TOO-pahk shə-KOOR; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and briefly as Makaveli, was an American rapper, songwriter, and actor. Shakur has sold over 75 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. His double disc albums All Eyez on Me and his Greatest Hits are among the best selling albums in the United States. He has been listed and ranked as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone which ranked him 86th on its list of The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Consistently ranked as one of the greatest rappers ever, he was ranked number 2 by MTV in their list of The Greatest MCs of All-Time in 2006. 2Pac is also ranked as the most influential rapper of all time.

Shakur began his career as a roadie, backup dancer, and MC for the alternative hip hop group Digital Underground, eventually branching off as a solo artist. The themes of most of Shakur's songs revolved around the violence and hardship in inner cities, racism and other social problems. Both of his parents and several other of his family were members of the Black Panther Party, whose ideals were reflected in his songs.

During the latter part of his career, Shakur was a vocal participant in the so-called East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry, becoming involved in conflicts with other rappers, producers and record-label staff members, most notably The Notorious B.I.G. and the label Bad Boy Records.

On September 7, 1996, Shakur was shot multiple times in a drive-by shooting at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in Las Vegas, Nevada. He was taken to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada, where he died six days later.

Early life

Shakur, whose birth name according to relatives was Lesane Parish Crooks, was born on June 16, 1971, in the East Harlem section of Manhattan in New York City. He was named after Túpac Amaru II, the 18th-century Peruvian revolutionary who was executed after leading an indigenous uprising against Spanish rule.

His mother, Afeni Shakur (born Alice Faye Williams), and his father, Billy Garland, were active members of the Black Panther Party in New York in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The infant was born a month after his mother was acquitted of more than 150 charges of "Conspiracy against the United States government and New York landmarks" in the New York "Panther 21" court case.

Shakur lived from an early age with people who were involved with the Black Liberation Army and convicted of serious criminal offenses and who were imprisoned. His godfather, Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt, a high-ranking Black Panther, was convicted of murdering a school teacher during a 1968 robbery, although his sentence was later overturned. His stepfather, Mutulu, spent four years at large on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list beginning in 1982. Mutulu was wanted for having helped his sister Assata Shakur (also known as Joanne Chesimard) to escape from a penitentiary in New Jersey. She had been imprisoned for killing a state trooper in 1973. Mutulu was caught in 1986 and imprisoned for the robbery of a Brinks armored truck in which two police officers and a guard were killed. Shakur had a half-sister, Sekyiwa, two years his junior, and an older stepbrother, Mopreme "Komani" Shakur, who appeared in many of his recordings.

At the age of twelve, Shakur enrolled in Harlem's 127th Street Repertory Ensemble and was cast as the Travis Younger character in the play A Raisin in the Sun, which was performed at the Apollo Theater. In 1986, the family relocated to Baltimore, Maryland. After completing his second year at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School, he transferred to the Baltimore School for the Arts, where he studied acting, poetry, jazz, and ballet. He performed in Shakespeare plays, and in the role of the Mouse King in the ballet The Nutcracker. Shakur, accompanied by one of his friends, Dana "Mouse" Smith, as his beatbox, won many rap competitions and was considered to be the best rapper in his school. He was remembered as one of the most popular kids in his school because of his sense of humor, superior rapping skills, and ability to mix with all crowds. He developed a close friendship with a young Jada Pinkett (later Jada Pinkett Smith) that lasted until his death.

In the documentary Tupac: Resurrection, Shakur says, "Jada is my heart. She will be my friend for my whole life." Pinkett Smith calls him "one of my best friends. He was like a brother. It was beyond friendship for us. The type of relationship we had, you only get that once in a lifetime." A poem written by Shakur titled "Jada" appears in his book, The Rose That Grew from Concrete, which also includes a poem dedicated to Pinkett Smith called "The Tears in Cupid's Eyes". During his time in art school, Shakur became affiliated with the Baltimore Young Communist League USA, and began dating the daughter of the director of the local chapter of the Communist Party USA.

In June 1988, Shakur, then 17, and his family moved to Marin City, California, a residential community located 5 miles (8.0 km) north of San Francisco, where he attended Tamalpais High School in nearby Mill Valley. Shakur contributed to the school's drama department by performing in several productions. In an English class, Shakur wrote a paper "Conquering All Obstacles" where he said, "our raps not the sorry-story raps everyone is so tired of. They are about what happens in the real world. Our goal is [to] have people relate to our raps, making it easier to see what really is happening out there. Even more important, what we may do to better our world." He began attending the poetry classes of Leila Steinberg in 1989. That same year, Steinberg organized a concert with a former group of Shakur's, "Strictly Dope"; the concert led to him being signed with Atron Gregory. He set him up as a roadie and backup dancer with the hip hop group Digital Underground in 1990.

Career

1991–93: Beginnings and rise to fame

Shakur's professional entertainment career began in the early 1990s, when he debuted his rapping skills in a vocal turn in Digital Underground's "Same Song" from the soundtrack to the 1991 film Nothing but Trouble and also appeared with the group in the film of the same name. The song was later released as the lead song of the Digital Underground extended play (EP) This is an EP Release, the follow-up to their debut hit album Sex Packets. Shakur appeared in the accompanying music video. After his rap debut, he performed with Digital Underground again on the album Sons of the P. Later, he released his first solo album, 2Pacalypse Now. Though the album did not generate any "Top Ten" hits, 2Pacalypse Now is hailed by many critics and fans for its underground feel, with many rappers such as Nas, Eminem, Game, and Talib Kweli having pointed to it as inspiration. Although the album was originally released on Interscope Records, rights of it are now owned by Amaru Entertainment. The album's name is a reference to the 1979 film Apocalypse Now.

The album generated significant controversy. Dan Quayle criticized it after a Texas youth's defense attorney claimed he was influenced by 2Pacalypse Now and its strong theme of police brutality before shooting a state trooper. Quayle said, "There's no reason for a record like this to be released. It has no place in our society." Shakur stated that he felt he had been misunderstood. He said, "I started out saying I was down for the young black male, you know, and that was gonna be my thang," Shakur said. "I just wanted to rap about things that affected young black males. When I said that, I didn't know that I was gonna tie myself down to just take all the blunts and hits for all the young black males, to be the media's kicking post for young black males. I just figured since I lived that life I could do that, I could rap about that." The record was important in showcasing Shakur's political conviction and his focus on lyrical prowess. On MTV's Greatest Rappers of All Time list, 2Pacalypse Now was listed as one of Shakur's "certified classic" albums, along with Me Against the World, All Eyez on Me and The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. 2Pacalypse Now went on to be certified Gold by the RIAA. It featured three singles; "Brenda's Got a Baby", "Trapped", and "If My Homie Calls".

His second studio album, Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z., was released in February 1993. The album did better than the previous one debuting on number 24 on the Billboard 200. The album contains many tracks emphasizing Shakur's political and social views. This album had more commercial success than its predecessor, and there were noticeable differences in production. While Shakur's first effort had an indie-rap-oriented sound, this album was considered his "breakout" album. It spawned the hits "Keep Ya Head Up" and "I Get Around" and reached platinum status. On vinyl, Side A (tracks 1–8) was labeled the "Black Side" and Side B (tracks 9–16) the "Dark Side". It is his tenth-biggest selling album, with 1,366,000 units moved as of 2004.

1994–95: Acting and rise to prominence

In late 1993, Shakur formed the group Thug Life with a number of his friends, including Big Syke, Macadoshis, his stepbrother Mopreme Shakur, and Rated R. The group released their only album Thug Life: Volume 1 on September 26, 1994, which went gold. The album featured the single "Pour Out a Little Liquor", produced by Johnny "J" Jackson, who went on to produce a large part of Shakur's album All Eyez on Me. The group usually performed their concerts without Shakur. The album was originally released by Shakur's label Out Da Gutta Records. Due to criticism about gangsta rap at the time, the original version of the album was scrapped and re-recorded with many of the original songs being cut. Among the notable tracks on the album are "Bury Me a G", "Cradle to the Grave", "Pour Out a Little Liquor" (which also appears in the soundtrack to the 1994 film Above the Rim), "How Long Will They Mourn Me?" and "Str8 Ballin'". The album contains ten tracks because Interscope Records felt many of the other recorded songs were too controversial to release. Although the original version of the album was not completed, Shakur performed the planned first single from the album, "Out on Bail" at the 1994 Source Awards. Although the album was originally released on Shakur's label Out Da Gutta, Amaru Entertainment, the label owned by Shakur's mother, has since gained the rights to it. Thug Life: Volume 1 was certified Gold. The track "How Long Will They Mourn Me?" appeared later in 1998 from 2Pac's Greatest Hits album.

His third album, Me Against The World, was very well received, with many calling it the magnum opus of his career. It is considered one of the greatest and most influential hip hop albums of all-time. It is his fourth biggest selling album with 3,524,567 copies in the United States as of 2011.Me Against the World won best rap album at the 1996 Soul Train Music Awards.

"Dear Mama" was released as the album's first single in February 1995, along with the track "Old School" as the B-side. "Dear Mama" would be the album's most successful single, topping the Hot Rap Singles chart, and peaking at the ninth spot on the Billboard Hot 100. The single was certified platinum in July 1995, and later placed at #51 on the year-end charts. The second single, "So Many Tears", was released in June, four months after the first single. The single would reach the number six on the Hot Rap Singles chart, and number 44 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Temptations", released in August, was the third and final single from the album. The single would be the least successful of the three released, but still did fairly well on the charts, reaching number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100, 35 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, and 13 on the Hot Rap Singles charts.

1996: Final recordings

All Eyez on Me was the fourth studio album by 2Pac, released on February 13, 1996 by Death Row Records and Interscope Records. The album is frequently recognized as one of the crowning achievements of 1990s rap music. It has been said that "despite some undeniable filler, it is easily the best production 2Pac's ever had on record". It was certified 5× Platinum after just 2 months in April 1996 and 9× platinum in 1998. The album featured the Billboard Hot 100 number one singles "How Do U Want It" and "California Love". It featured 5 singles in all, the most of any 2Pac album. Moreover, All Eyez on Me (which was the only Death Row release to be distributed through PolyGram by way of Island Records) made history as the first double-full-length hip-hop solo studio album released for mass consumption. It was issued on two compact discs and four LPs. Chartwise, All Eyez on Me was the second album from 2Pac to hit number-one on both the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It sold 566,000 copies in the first week of its release, and was charted on the top 100 with the top one-week Soundscan sales since 1991. The album won the 1997 Soul Train R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Award. Shakur also won the Award for Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist at the 24th Annual American Music Awards.

Makaveli – The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory, commonly shortened to The 7 Day Theory, is his fifth and final studio album and was released under the new stage name Makaveli. The album was completely finished in a total of seven days during the month of August 1996. The lyrics were written and recorded in three days and mixing took an additional four days. In 2005, MTV.com rankedKilluminati: The 7 Day Theory at #9 on their greatest hip hop albums of all time list and, in 2006, recognized it as a classic. The emotion and anger showcased on the album has been admired by a large part of the hip-hop community, including other rappers.

George "Papa G" Pryce, former Head of Publicity for Death Row, claimed that "Makaveli, which we did was sort of tongue-in-cheek and it was not really to come out and after Tupac was murdered, it did come out. But before that it was going to be a sort of an underground [record]." The album peaked at number one on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and the Billboard 200. The album generated the second-highest debut-week sales total of any album that year, was certified 4× Platinum on June 15, 1999.

Other ventures

Death Row Records

Upon his release from Clinton Correctional Facility in 1995, Shakur immediately went back to song recording. He began a new group called Outlaw Immortalz. Shakur began recording his first album with Death Row and released the single "California Love" soon after.

On February 13, 1996, Shakur released his fourth solo album, All Eyez on Me. This double album was the first and second of his three-album commitment to Death Row Records. It sold over nine million copies. The record was a general departure from the introspective subject matter of Me Against the World, being more oriented toward a thug and gangsta mentality. Shakur continued his recordings despite increasing problems at the Death Row label. Dr. Dre left his post as house producer to form his own label, Aftermath. Shakur continued to produce hundreds of tracks during his time at Death Row, most of which would be released on his posthumous albums Still I Rise, Until the End of Time, Better Dayz, Loyal to the Game and Pac's Life. He also began the process of recording an album with the Boot Camp Clik and their label Duck Down Records, both New York – based, entitled One Nation.

On June 4, 1996, he and Outlawz released the diss track "Hit 'Em Up", a scathing lyrical assault on Biggie and others associated with him. In the track, Shakur claimed to have had sexual intercourse with Faith Evans, Biggie's wife at the time, and attacked Bad Boy's street credibility. Shakur was convinced that some members associated with Bad Boy had known about the '94 attack on him beforehand due to their behavior that night and what his sources told him. After the attack, Shakur immediately accused Jimmy Henchman (an associate of Bad Boy CEO Sean Combs) of orchestrating the attack, according to a 2005 interview with Henchman inVibe magazine. After the attack, Shakur therefore aligned himself with Suge, Death Row's CEO, who was already bitter toward Combs over a 1995 incident at the Platinum Club in Atlanta, Georgia, which culminated in the death of Suge Knight's friend and bodyguard, Jake Robles; Knight was adamant in voicing his suspicions of Combs' involvement.

Collaborator Buckshot claimed in 2015 that Shakur defended him against Suge Knight, who had insisted that the East Coast rapper could not come with him to Las Vegas on the grounds of the ongoing hip hop rivalry. Shakur asserted that he would not board the plane unless accompanied by Buckshot and was described by the fellow rapper as looking "discomforted" while they recorded a song together in a studio after Shakur "tore up the plane tickets".

Outlawz

When Shakur recorded "Hit 'Em Up," a diss song towards his former friend and rival The Notorious B.I.G. (also known as Biggie Smalls), he recruited three members from the former group Dramacydal with whom he had worked previously and was eager to do so again. Together with the three New Jersey rappers and other associates, they formed the original lineup of the Outlawz. When 2Pac signed to Death Row upon his release from prison, he recruited his step brother Mopreme Shakur and Big Syke from Thug Life. Hussein Fatal, Napoleon, E.D.I. Mean, Kastro, Yaki Kadafi, and Storm (the only female Outlaw) were also added, and together they formed the original lineup of the Outlaw Immortalz that debuted on 2Pac's multi-platinum smash All Eyez on Me. They later dropped the Immortal part of their name after the untimely deaths of 2Pac and Yaki Kadafi and moved on as Outlawz without the members of Thug Life. Young Noble was later added and appeared on 2Pac's second Death Row release The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. It was on 2Pac's Makaveli album that Outlawz first came to the greater rap community's notice, appearing on a few songs. The idea behind the group was for each member to have a rap name coinciding with the names of various tyrants or enemies of America, past and present. Outlawz chose in later years to make a backronym out of the letters of their group name Operating Under Thug Laws as Warriorz although it does not stand for the group's name and is used infrequently.

On forming the Outlawz, Shakur gave each of them a name of a dictator/military leader or an enemy of America.

Yaki Kadafi, after Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi

Hussein Fatal, after Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein

Mussolini (formerly Big Syke), after Italian dictator Benito Mussolini

Komani (Shakur's half brother Mopreme Shakur), after Iranian Islamic Revolution leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Kastro, after Cuban leader Fidel Castro

E.D.I. Mean, after Ugandan dictator Idi Amin

Napoleon, after military strategist and leader Napoleon Bonaparte

For himself, Shakur created the alias "Makaveli" from Renaissance Italian philosopher and strategist Niccolò Machiavelli, whose writings inspired Shakur in prison, but who also preached that a leader could eliminate his enemies by all means necessary. He mentioned Makaveli Records a few times before his death. This was supposed to be a music label for up and coming artists that Shakur had an interest in developing or potentially signing, and his own future projects would have also been published through it as well.

Acting career

In addition to rapping and hip hop music, Shakur acted in films. He made his first film appearance in the motion picture Nothing but Trouble, as part of a cameo by the Digital Underground. His first starring role was in the film Juice. In this film, he played Roland Bishop, a violent member of the Wrecking Crew, for which he was hailed by Rolling Stone's Peter Travers as "the film's most magnetic figure". He then went on to star in Poetic Justice and Above the Rim. After his death, three of his completed films were released:Bullet, Gridlock'd, and Gang Related.

Shakur had been slated to star in the Hughes brothers' film Menace II Society, but was replaced by Larenz Tate after assaulting Allen Hughes as a result of a quarrel. Director John Singleton mentioned that he wrote the script for Baby Boy with Shakur in mind for the lead role. It was eventually filmed with Tyrese Gibson in his place and released in 2001, five years after Shakur's death. The film features a mural of Shakur in the protagonist's bedroom, as well as featuring the song "Hail Mary" in the film's score.

Artistry

Shakur's music and philosophy is rooted in many American, African-American, and world entities, including the Black Panther Party, Black nationalism, egalitarianism, and liberty.

Shakur's love of theater and Shakespeare also influenced his work. A student of the Baltimore School for the Arts where he studied theater, Shakur understood the Shakespearian psychology of inter-gang wars and inter-cultural conflict. During a 1995 interview, Shakur stated:

In a European interview music journalist Chuck Philips said that what impressed him the most about Shakur was that he was a poet. Philips said "I like sacred texts, myths, proverbs and scriptures. ... When Tupac came along, I thought he was quite the poet... It wasn't just how cleverly they rhymed. It wasn't just the rhythm or the cadence. I liked their attitude. It was protest music in a way nobody had ever thought about before. ...These artists were brave, wise and smart – wickedly smart. The thing about Tupac was he had so many sides. He was unafraid to write about his vulnerabilities."

Shakur's debut album, 2Pacalypse Now, revealed the socially conscious side of Shakur. On this album, Shakur attacked social injustice, poverty and police brutality on songs "Brenda's Got a Baby", "Trapped" and "Part Time Mutha". His style on this album was highly influenced by the social consciousness and Afrocentrism pervading hip hop in the late 1980s and early 1990s. On this initial release, Shakur helped extend the success of such rap groups as Boogie Down Productions, Public Enemy, X-Clan, and Grandmaster Flash, as he became one of the first major socially conscious rappers from the West Coast.

On his second record, Shakur continued to rap about the social ills facing African-Americans, with songs like "The Streetz R Deathrow" and "Last Wordz". He also showed his compassionate side with the anthem "Keep Ya Head Up", while simultaneously putting his legendary aggressiveness on display with the title track from the album Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. He added a salute to his former group Digital Underground by including them on the playful track "I Get Around". Throughout his career, an increasingly aggressive attitude can be seen pervading Shakur's subsequent albums.

The contradictory themes of social inequality and injustice, unbridled aggression, compassion, playfulness, and hope all continued to shape Shakur's work, as witnessed with the release of his incendiary 1995 album Me Against the World. In 1996, Shakur released All Eyez on Me. Many of these tracks are considered by many critics to be classics, including "Ambitionz Az a Ridah", "I Ain't Mad at Cha", "California Love", "Life Goes On" and "Picture Me Rollin". All Eyez on Me was a change of style from his earlier works; while still containing socially conscious songs and themes, Shakur's album was heavily influenced by party tracks and tended to have a more "feel good" vibe than his first albums. Shakur described it as a celebration of life, and the record was critically and commercially successful.

He had enjoyed and had been influenced by the work of contemporary English and Irish pop musicians as a teenager such as Kate Bush, Culture Club, Sinéad O'Connor and U2.

Personal life

Shakur never professed following a particular religion, but his lyrics in singles such as "Only God Can Judge Me" and poems such asThe Rose That Grew from Concrete suggest he believed in God. This means many analysts currently describe him as a deist. He believed in Karma, but rejected a literal afterlife and organized religion. Shakur has had several family members who were members of the Black Panthers; Mutulu Shakur, his step-father; Assata Shakur, his step-aunt; Billy Garland, his biological father; and Afeni Shakur, his mother. Shakur publicly spoke out against interracial marriage in an interview with Source magazine in 1994, but later retracted these comments.

His bandana tied into rabbit ears struck mythic chords and remains one of hip-hop's most recognizable style flourishes to date.

He was also engaged to Kidada Jones.

Legal issues

In October 1991, Shakur filed a $10 million civil suit against the Oakland Police Department, alleging they brutally beat him for jaywalking. Shakur received approximately $43,000 in settlement money, much of which went to pay his lawyer.

On April 5, 1993, Shakur was charged with one count of felonious assault. He was accused of attempting to hit rapper Chauncey Wynn from the group M.A.D. with a baseball bat at a concert at Michigan State University. The incident reportedly began when Shakur became angry and threw a microphone. Shakur pleaded guilty on September 14, 1994 to a misdemeanor in exchange for the dropping of felony assault charges. He was sentenced to 30 days in jail, 20 of which were suspended, and ordered to perform 35 hours of community service.

In October 1993, in Atlanta, two brothers and off-duty police officers, Mark and Scott Whitwell, were with their wives celebrating Mrs. Whitwell's passing of the state bar examination. The officers were drunk and in possession of stolen guns. As they crossed the street, a car with Shakur inside passed by them or "almost struck them". The Whitwells argued with the driver, Shakur and the other passengers, which was joined by a second passing car. Shakur shot one officer in the buttocks and the other in the leg, back or abdomen, according to varying news reports. Mark Whitwell was charged with firing at Shakur's car and later lying to the police during the investigation. Shakur was charged with the shooting. Prosecutors dropped all charges against the parties.

In early 1994, he was found guilty of assault on Menace II Society co-director Allen Hughes and served 15 days in jail.

1992 shooting

On August 22, 1992, in Marin City, Shakur performed at an outdoor festival, and stayed for an hour afterwards signing autographs and pictures. A confrontation occurred and Shakur drew a legally registered Colt Mustang, and allegedly dropped it. As it was picked up by a member of his entourage, a bullet discharged. About 100 yards away, Qa'id Walker-Teal, a 6-year-old, was pedaling his bicycle at a school playground nearby when a bullet struck him in the forehead and killed him. Although the gun was matched by police to a .38-caliber pistol registered to Shakur, and his stepbrother Maurice Harding was initially arrested on suspicion of firing the weapon, no charges were filed. Marin County prosecutors have said they were stymied by a lack of witnesses. Charges were dropped when Shakur agreed to pay a $300,000���$500,000 settlement to the parents. The police "rescued" them and took the two into custody, who were soon released without charge for lack of evidence.

In 1995, a wrongful death suit was brought against Shakur by Qa'id's mother. The defense attorney acknowledged that the bullet that killed Qa'id was traced by authorities to a gun registered to Shakur. Shakur's record company settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed amount, reportedly between $300,000 and $500,000.

1993 Sexual assault case

In November 1993, Shakur and others were charged with sexually assaulting a woman in a hotel room. Shakur denied the charges. According to Shakur, he had prior relations days earlier with the woman that were consensual (the woman admitted she performed oral sex on Shakur). The complainant claimed sexual assault after her second visit to Shakur's hotel room; she alleged that Shakur and his entourage raped her. As a result of the trial, Shakur was convicted of first-degree sexual abuse, and acquitted of the weapons and sodomy charges. The judge described the crimes during the sentencing of Shakur to 1½–4½ years in prison, as "an act of brutal violence against a helpless woman." While appearing on the Arsenio Hall Show, Shakur stated he was innocent of all charges and he was hurt that "a woman would accuse me of taking something from her" when he was raised by and was surrounded by females. Shakur, did however, admit that he should have been more responsible with the people he surrounded himself with.

In October 1995, Shakur's case was on appeal but due to his considerable legal fees he could not raise the $1.4 million bail. After serving nine months of his sentence, Shakur was released from the Clinton Correctional Facility due in large part to the help and influence of Suge Knight, the CEO of Death Row Records, who posted a $1.4 million bail pending appeal of the conviction in exchange for Shakur to release three albums under the Death Row label.

On April 5, 1996, a judge sentenced him to serve 120 days in jail for violating terms of his release on bail.

1994 Attack at Quad Recording Studios

On the night of November 30, 1994, the day before the verdict in his sexual abuse trial was to be announced, Shakur was robbed and shot five times by three men in the lobby of Quad Recording Studios in Manhattan. Shakur stated that he believed the robbery to be a setup for the attack wondering why they would take jewelry and leave his Rolex watch.

Shakur checked out of the Bellevue Hospital Center against doctor's orders, three hours after surgery. In the day that followed, he entered the courthouse in a wheelchair and was found guilty of three counts of molestation and not guilty of six others, including sodomy, stemming from his 1993 arrest for sexual assault. On February 6, 1995, he was sentenced to one-and-a-half to four-and-a-half years in prison on the sexual assault charges.

In a 1995 interview with Vibe magazine. Shakur accused Sean Combs, an associate of Combs named Jimmy Henchman and Biggie among others of setting up the Quad Recording Studios attack. Vibe changed the names of the accused assailants upon publication. Later evidence did not implicate Biggie in the studio assault. When Biggie's entourage went downstairs to check on the incident, Shakur was being taken out on a stretcher, giving the finger to those around.

On March 17, 2008, Chuck Philips wrote in the Los Angeles Times about an alleged order for an attack on Shakur. The article was retracted by the LA Times because it partially relied on FBI documents supplied by a man convicted of fraud which turned out to be forged. In 2011 Dexter Isaac admitted to attacking Shakur. Following Isaac’s public confession, Philips named Isaac as one of his unnamed sources for the retracted article.

1995 Prison sentence

Shakur began serving his prison sentence on sexual assault charges at Clinton Correctional Facility on February 14, 1995. Shortly afterward, he released his multi-platinum album Me Against the World. Shakur became the first artist to have an album at number one on the Billboard 200 while serving a prison sentence. Me Against the World made its debut on the Billboard 200 and stayed at the top of the charts for four weeks. The album sold 240,000 copies in its first week, setting a record for highest first week sales for a solo male rap artist at the time. While serving his sentence, he married his long-time girlfriend, Keisha Morris, on April 4, 1995; the couple divorced in 1996. Shakur stated he married her "for the wrong reasons".

While imprisoned, Shakur read many books by Niccolò Machiavelli, Sun Tzu's The Art of War and other works of political philosophy and strategy. The works inspired his pseudonym "Makaveli" under which he released the album The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory. The album presents a stark contrast to previous works. Throughout the album, Shakur continues to focus on the themes of pain and aggression, making this album one of the emotionally darker works of his career. Shakur wrote and recorded all the lyrics in only three days and the production took another four days, combining for a total of seven days to complete the album (hence the name).

Death

September 1996 shooting

On the night of September 7, 1996, Shakur attended the Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson boxing match with Suge Knight at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. After leaving the match, one of Knight's associates spotted Orlando "Baby Lane" Anderson, an alleged Crips gang member from Compton, California, in the MGM Grand lobby. Earlier that year, Anderson and a group of Crips had robbed a member of Death Row's entourage in a Foot Locker store. Knight's associate told Shakur, who attacked Anderson. Shakur's entourage, as well as Knight and his followers, assisted in assaulting Anderson. The fight was captured on the hotel's video surveillance. After the brawl, Shakur went with Knight to go to Death Row-owned Club 662 (now known as restaurant/club Seven). He rode in Knight's 1996 black BMW 750iL sedan as part of a larger convoy, including many in Shakur's entourage.

At around 11:00–11:05 pm (PDT), they were halted on Las Vegas Boulevard by Metro bicycle police for playing the car stereo too loudly and not having license plates. The plates were found in the trunk of Knight's car; the party was released a few minutes later without being fined. At about 11:10 pm (PDT), while they were stopped at a red light at the intersection of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane in front of the Maxim Hotel, a vehicle occupied by two women pulled up on their left side. Shakur, who was standing up through the sunroof, exchanged words with the two women, and invited them to go to Club 662. At approximately 11:15 pm (PDT), a white, four-door, late-model Cadillac with an unknown number of occupants pulled up to the sedan's right side, rolled down a window, and rapidly fired gunshots at Shakur. He was hit in the chest, pelvis, and his right hand and thigh. One of the rounds went into Shakur's right lung. Knight was hit in the head by fragmentation, though it is thought that a bullet grazed him. The bodyguard, Frank Alexander, stated that when he was about to ride along with the rapper in Knight's car, Shakur asked him to drive the car of Shakur's fiancée Kidada Jones instead, in case they needed additional vehicles from Club 662 back to the hotel. The bodyguard reported in his documentary, Before I Wake, that shortly after the assault, one of the convoy's cars drove off after the assailant but he never heard from the occupants. After arriving at the scene, police and paramedics took Knight and a wounded Shakur to the University Medical Center of Southern Nevada. According to an interview with the music video director Gobi, while at the hospital, he received news from a Death Row marketing employee that the shooters had called the record label and threatened Shakur. Gobi told the Las Vegas police, but said they claimed to be understaffed. No attackers came. At the hospital, Shakur was heavily sedated, was placed on life support machines, and was ultimately put under a barbiturate-induced coma after repeatedly trying to get out of the bed. While in the critical care unit, on the afternoon of Friday, September 13, 1996, Shakur died of internal bleeding; doctors attempted to revive him but could not stop the hemorrhaging. His mother, Afeni, made the decision to tell the doctors to stop. He was pronounced dead at 4:03 pm (PDT). The official cause of death was noted as respiratory failure and cardiopulmonary arrest in connection with multiple gunshot wounds. Shakur's body was cremated the next day and some of his ashes were later mixed with marijuana and smoked by members of the Outlawz. However, E.D.I. Mean claimed in an interview in 2014 that despite believing that the ashes were those of Shakur at the time, he later found that the ashes did not in fact belong to Shakur. His fifth album, The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory was released two months later.

Aftermath

In 2002, the LA Times published a two-part story by investigative reporter Chuck Philips, titled "Who Killed Tupac Shakur?", based on yearlong research that reconstructed the crime and the events leading up to it. Information gathered by the paper indicated that: "the shooting was carried out by a Compton gang called the Southside Crips to avenge the beating of one of its members by Shakur a few hours earlier. Orlando Anderson, the Crip whom Shakur had attacked, fired the fatal shots. Las Vegas police discounted Anderson as a suspect and interviewed him only once, briefly. He was later killed in an unrelated gang shooting." The article also reported the involvement of East Coast rapper Biggie, Shakur's rival at the time, and several New York criminals.

Before they died, The Notorious B.I.G. and Anderson denied any role in the murder. In support of their claims, Biggie's family produced computerized invoices suggesting that Biggie was working in a New York recording studio the night of the drive-by shooting. His manager Wayne Barrow and fellow rapper James "Lil' Cease" Lloyd made public announcements denying Biggie's role in the crime and claimed further that they were with him in the recording studio the night of the event. The New York Times called the evidence "inconclusive", noting:

The pages purport to be three computer printouts from Daddy's House, indicating that Wallace was in the studio recording a song called Nasty Boy on the afternoon Shakur was shot. They indicate that Wallace wrote half the session, was In and out/sat around and laid down a ref, shorthand for a reference vocal, the equivalent of a first take. But nothing indicates when the documents were created. And Louis Alfred, the recording engineer listed on the sheets, said in an interview that he remembered recording the song with Wallace in a late-night session, not during the day. He could not recall the date of the session but said it was likely not the night Shakur was shot. 'We would have heard about it,' Mr. Alfred said."

In 2011, pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act, the FBI released documents revealing its investigation of the Jewish Defense League for making death threats against Shakur and other rappers.

http://wikipedia.thetimetube.com/?q=Tupac+Shakur&lang=en

[seorahulsri9]

Best Root Canal Treatment Near Taree

The Best Root Canal Treatment is to repair and to save a badly damaged ��tooth or any infected tooth in root canal. The procedure involves in three steps 1- removing thepulp  damaged area tooth 2- cleaning and disinfecting it 3- then filling and sealing it. it is affected with the pulp are a deep cavity and a cracked tooth it represents that “root canal” indicates - it comes from cleaning of the canals inside the tooth’s root.

* A Route to the Root

The dentist numbs the tooth. the Route to the Root opening is made through the crown of the tooth of an pulp chamber.

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there are some Special files which is used to clean the infection and an unhealthy pulp out of the Route to the Root canals. it has been shaped  the canals for the filling material. this is used to help clean the canals and to remove debris.

*Filling the Canals

these are filled with a permanent material. it is has done with a material known as gutta-percha. it may helps to keep the canals free from contamination or infection .

*Rebuilding the Tooth

If an  temporary filling material is been placed on top of the gutta-percha to seal the opening. the purpose of filling remains, until the tooth receives an permanent filling. For an Rebuilding the Tooth  crown, sometimes called a cap, looks like a natural tooth.  but It is placed at the top of the tooth.

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In few cases, it post is been  placed into the root next to the gutta-percha. it gives the crown more Extra Support.

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[appendixz]

144. Not only are there no hot-air registers, return air vents, or radiators, cast iron or other, or cooling systems—condenser, reheat coils, heating convector, damper, concentrator, dilute solution, heat exchanger, absorber, evaporator, solution pump, evaporator recirculating pump—or any type of ducts, whether spiral lock-seam/standing rib design, double-wall duct, and Loloss (TM) Tee, flat oval, or round duct with perforated inner liner, insulation, and outer shell; no HVAC system at all, even a crude air distribution system—there are no windows—no water supplies, drains, bathtubs, urinals, sinks, drinking fountains, water heaters, or coolers, expansion tanks, pressure relief valves, flow control, branch vent, downspout, soil stacks, or waste stacks, or fire protection equipment: smoke detectors, sprinkers, flow detectors, dry pipe valve, O.S. & Y. Gate valve, water motor alarm, visual annunciation devices, hose rack and hose reel whether a 2 1/2″ or 1 1/2′ valve, foam systems, gaseous suppression systems; nor any sign of daisy-chain wiring or star wiring or electrical metallic tubing (EMT), rigid conduit, wireways, bus ducts, underfloor ducts, a cellular floor, a raised floor, or for that matter wire of any sort, No. 36 to No. 0000 (#4/0), or electrical boxes—3 duct junction boxes etc., etc.— or plug-in receptacles, 3-prong grounded duplex or other, pots on pans or cans, or switch plates, switches, whether swing pole, dimmer or remote, or circuit breakers or fuses, whether lead, tin, copper, silver, etc., etc., with a voltage class from 12, 24, 125, 250, 600, 5000+, or even lights, whether electrical discharge, incandescent, or combustion, no flame arc or gas-filled, tipless, inside frosted, decorative, general service, 10,000 watt aviation picture studio, projection signal, Christmas tree, arc projector, photoflood, mercury, sodium, glow, sun, flash, black light, water cooled, germicidal, purple x, ozone, fluorescent, Slimline, Lumiline, Circline, rough service, Q coated, Bonus A-line, 75,000 watt, Quartzline, special service, DVY, DFC, iodine cycle, axial quartz, halogen cycle, bi-post, heat, brooder, red bowl therapy, silver neck brooder, quartz infrared, bent-end infrared, iodine cycle infrared, RSC base, red filter, Marc 300, Lucalox, multi-vapor, e-bulb mercury, 1,500 watt multi-vapor, Watt-Miser II, Magicube, Flash Bar, Flip-Flash, GE-500, composite, discharge forward lighting, Precise, 35.5 lumens, white Lucalox, standby Lucalox, high output Lucalox, Halarc 32 watt, Halarc 100 watt, Staybright XL, high intensity Biax, metal halide, to say nothing of communication systems such as public address, intercom, radio, TV, CCTV, SATV, VSAT, telephone, (PAX or PBX etc., etc.,) or data, signal multimedia designs, or BAS, BMS, BMAS automation; there are not even any moldings or other stylistic signatures such as casings, baseboards, or finished floors, linoleum, cement, whether fast setting, coloured, fiber reinforced, self-leveling, mortar, high early-strength, sand mix, silica sand, plastic, hydraulic, or sheet vinyl, tile, cork tile, terrazo, rubber, carpeting, epoxy, ceramic & stone, slate, aputit-siarvaq, or marble, whether white—Danby Imperial, Colorado Yule, or Carrara—or black or green; or hardwood, whether overlay, strip flooring with alternate joints, or herringbone, inlaid, basket weave, Arenberg, Chantilly, or Versailles parquet; in fact no wood anywhere, whether rewordd, treated western hemlock, yellow pine, cedar, wood-polymer, Engelmann spruce, pecan, southern magnolia, Colorado spruce, alpine fir, american beech, northern red oak, Canada Hemlock, red maple, sugar maple, eastern white pine, butternut hickory, shagbark hickory, american plane tree, eastern black walnut, ponerosa pine, white fir, northern catalpa, common bald cypress, american sweet gum, bur oak, California live oak, mahogany, Douglas fir, eastern cottonwood; nor any sign of a sub-floor, sheathing, drywall, any kind of insulating material, polyicynne or other; sills, sill plates, sill sealer, rebar, anchor bolts, let alone footings or foundation walls; or bricks, whether split paver or red bullnose, or wall studs, firestopping, or braces, nor evidence of floor joists, rafters, king posts, struts, side posts, ridge beams, collar ties, gussets, furring strips, or bed molding (at least the stairs offer some detail: risers, treads, two large newel posts, one at the top and one at the bottom, capped and connected with a single, curved banister supported by countless balusters) though among other things no wallpaper, veneer plaster, Baldwin locks, any sign of glass, whether clear, reflective, insulated, heat-resistant, switchable, tinted, bad-guy, antique; or even tin-plated steel, factory-painted steel, brass; or even a single nail and screw, whether sheet-metal, particleboard, drywall, concrete, drive, aluminum, silicon bronze, solid brass, mechanically galvanized, yellow-zinc plated, stainless steel, epoxy coated, black finish, Durocoat; to say nothing of the sheer absence of anything that might suggest a roof, whether pitched, gable, hip, lean-to, flat, sawtooth, monitor, ogee, bell, dome, helm, sloped, hip-and-valley, conical, pavilion, rotunda, imperial, or mansard; no westwork, ziggurat, brise-soleil, trompe l’oeil etc., fenestration, tierceron rib, coffering, tholos, strapwork, stoa, egg-and-tongue, sala terena, absidole, rotunda, revetments, reredos, flying buttresses, retablo, herm, bedevere, pavillion, pastas, narthex, lunettes, dormers, cottage orné, pendentives, cheek-walls, cavetto, abutment, nor vaulted chambers, whether quadripartite or lierne vaults, or Mihrab domes, turrets, minarets, minbars, porticoes, peristyles, tabliniums, compluviums, impluviums, atriums, alas, exceedras, androns, fauces, posticums, peristylums, vestibules, arcades, apses, naves, naos, pronaos, opisthodomos, nymphaeum, internal crepidoma, courtyards, paradegrounds, bailey, demilune, caponiere, tenaille, flank, postern, rampart, face, bastion, embrasure, curtain, keep, brattice, merlon, or battlement; nor—obviously—pilasters, pillars, friezes, entablatures, architraves, facades, pediments, stylobates, triglyphs, scotia, torus, fillets, finials, and flutes, capitals, whether Ionic, Doric, or Corinthian, with volutes, abacuses, rosettes, acanthus leafe, or metopes, guttas, mutules, acroterions, dentils, or modillions, or even tretoil, Tudor, stilted, horeshoe, ogee, lancet, or equilateral arches, most probably resembling basket handle though without any sign of a keystone, pier, spandrel, voussoir, springer, or import. Picture that. In your dreams.

— Zampanò, House of Leaves, Mark Z. Danielewski

[wildwill818]

I’m from the gutta, where the only things nice are cold brews & bomb kush - #wild #will #ghost #house #818 #music #hiphop #mc #dj #bboy #graffiti #sanfernandovalley #losangeles #sunvalley #pacoima #arleta #sylmar #sanfernando #vannuys #northhollywood #california #2019 #invaders #420 #710 #slaptags #familyovereverything #onmygrind (at Sun Valley, California) https://www.instagram.com/p/B42Jdd-g9Ic/?igshid=15qobf74rliec

[guttasoles]

The wait is finally over!! We decided to release ”Gutta Gold” The Audio Film on YouTube and Vimeo, free of charge for a limited time!....After this short period the film will be available to stream on: Vimeo On Demand, Amazon Prime Video US, Amazon Prime Video UK, UDU Digital, as well as FILMHUB Thank you for your patience, and enjoy our journey! LINK IN BIO!! https://youtu.be/LREDqsdQ__E What is Gutta Gold? It is an Audio Film being released by Open Gutta Films.....It is starring, written, directed, produced, and edited entirely by @kromanteng .....It is an Audio/visual journey into the world of @guttasoles , the custom sneaker company based in Accra, Ghana; as well as the mind of the CEO/Founder Leslie Bentil aka Kromanteng .....The music was produced by Berlin beatmaker QFormat and will be available in the form of an EP on iTunes, Spotify, Amazon Music etc....... The story that is told is fictionalized at certain points to focus on the metaphor of finding gold in whatever type of “gutter” you happen to be in; but for the most part it’s the true story of starting a sneaker company in Ghana and the psychological struggles associated with “taking the road less traveled....” The peaks and valleys of life are understood better through many perspectives....I hope the perspective of this journey gives a helping hand to all those who have chosen to chase their dreams and find gold from their gutters to better their lives and other around them……”Git GUTTA!!” 💯🙏🏿 (at New York, New York) https://www.instagram.com/p/BymJ4kuCJF9/?igshid=17w5fhlvhh7jo

[rapsrisingstars]

I Bet You've Never Seen Anything Like This Before #InsanAsylum #30for30

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Featured artist: InsanAsylum LLC - I Bet You've Never Seen Anything Like This Before #InsanAsylum #30for30

As part of our ongoing "Rap's New Generation" series, today we sat down with the upcoming underground artist InsanAsylum LLC from Houston, Tx to talk about his recent music, his upcoming projects, his career advice and his overall experiences being in the music industry and he did not disappoint...

Thanks for taking the time to talk with us, InsanAsylum LLC! Let's go back to the beginning of your career. How did you decide to become an artist?

InsanAsylum LLC: Our organization began in the student commons area of the University of Houston Moody Towers in September of 1988. That is where Colden Brown aka Mr. Get Down and Steve Rogers aka G-MAN connected through listening to a Boom Box while playing spades. The conversation delved into the Four Pillars of Hip Hop and how it molded their existence. From ICE T to Ultramagnetic MCs. Let us not forget Mr. Get Down retreating to his room to pull out his WBLS tapes he recorded that summer. Being that both loved music, Colden was a poet and Steve a DJ they decided to join forces. Since then #InsanAsylum has worked with several underground artists which began with P.O.T. ~ Prophets Of Truth which is recognized as a legendary group of the then burgeoning Seattle Hip Hop Scene (circa 1995). After two projects with P.O.T. ("Da Funk N Revelations" & The Legacy") K..S.D. – King Solomon's D.R.E.A.D. struck off to Solo career which led him to drop two singles produced by Pale Soul of Old Dominion. Then came his critically acclaimed release "incognito" in 2004…the 1st of the 'Triunal Antiquities' which was finally completed this year with the release of 'antithesis'; the second release was 'psychoanalysis'.

Further Production Credit list includes La Lo, Bottom Groundz (MIA), BIg Chad Daminko, Mac Dre, Nissim Black, Twin-G, Choklate, Gangsta Nutt, Oraclez Creed, DMS, Dee.aLe, Carl Roe, Sarkastik, Hustlas 4 Life, Ambush, Chevy Shann, Stretch Parker, Walker Montana, Guap Fam, Em Jay, The TUNE, D.E.U.C.E., Montega Brix, Ant Gutta, Pfalco, LeCadre, Fidel A$tro and many more.

The best advice I have ever received was directly from Chuck D of Public Enemy. He told me that this Music Game is like a layup line. Everyone will get a shot/chance. Now do you travel…do you carry the ball…both violations. Do you finger roll, use the backboard or dunk it? IF you get out of the line before your shot you can return however you will begin as the rear of the line….

- InsanAsylum LLC

What about concerts? Do you play live?

We are gearing up several different opportunities for our many artist. Including Tours of the Big Sky Conference, Mountain West Conference, Summit Conference, HBCU Tour, Missouri Valley Conference and Ohio Valley Conference as well.

Definitely join our FB Business Page and follow us on twitter MrGetDown and IG MrGetDown777. That's where you'll get more upto date info.

Best punchline you ever wrote?

Welcome To The #InsanAsylum & The #PsychoWard where #SoundsOfTheInsane control the night!

- InsanAsylum LLC

What are you currently working on? Did you release something in the past?

OUR Current Promotional Campaign is the #InsanAsylum #30for30 wherein we are releasing ONE NEW Project EVERYDAY for 30 days straight. This includes projects from Em Jay, The TUNE, K.S.D., D.E.U.C.E., Wyld Tyme Entertainment Yonkers NY, Montega Brix, LeCadre, P.O.T., The G.M.C. DJ Peg and RC The Trackaholiq.

#InsanAsylum has worked with several underground artists which began with P.O.T. ~ Prophets Of Truth which is recognized as a legendary group of the then burgeoning Seattle Hip Hop Scene (circa 1995). After two projects with P.O.T. ("Da Funk N Revelations" & The Legacy") K..S.D. – King Solomon's D.R.E.A.D. struck off to Solo career which led him to drop two singles produced by Pale Soul of Old Dominion. Then came his critically acclaimed release "incognito" in 2004…the 1st of the 'Triunal Antiquities' which was finally completed this year with the release of 'antithesis'.

That being said RC The Trackaholiq just released another project called "Tension" which is available on all digital platforms. There are a lot of surprises to come from this extremely talented music producer. We fully expect to have on of his offerings selected and on the next Ragan Whiteside project.

D.E.U.C.E. is currently in the studio looking to create a masterpiece for his initial full length follow up to the Bangin Single "Put In Work" which was released during our #InsanAsylum #30for30 campaign. The name of the upcoming project is titled "Overlooked".

The TUNE is currently in the lab as well collaborating with a multitude of H-Town representas! Definitely check out his music during this #InsanAsylum #30for30.

Le Cadre will have a video up for the upcoming single "Where My Niccas At?" which is from his initial debut under #InsanAsylumDistribution during this #InsanAsylum #30fo30 campaign.

The G.M.C. is currently selecting tracks and visualizing how they will bang into their Spring 2019 release.

….last but now least #InsanAsylumProductions is laying the foundaiton to release their 3rd Insatallment of the "Whatchu Talkin' Bout?" mixtape series…should be out in the Summer/Fall 2019.

Last but not least: Would you sign a record contract with a major label?

Yes we are open to signing a Major Label Distribution deal IF we maintain full artistic control.

Pros: Their Machine Cons: Its strictly numbers driven due to corporate shareholders.

Any last words?

Nasty Nes Rodriguez, DJ Kutfather, KCMU, Rap Attacks, Awesome 2, Barry Black, Eastside, Southend, Miami Dade, Hillsborough County, The TUNE, Big Foo, Montega Brix, Purple Haze, Walker Montana, Dee.aLe, Tas the Mojo Man, Dalon Howard, La Lo, Em Jay, Ant Gutta, Sandy Solo (Germany), Vernon Keith (Japan), Will Stickland (Canada), Dennis Johnson, Ragan Whiteside, Dexter Filer, Brendan Johnson, Darren Billy Jr, Big Chad Daminko (Miami), Frontline (Miami), Silver Shadow D, Smash Brothaz, Chico Bailey, Barry Black, DJ Ready Red (RIHH), LeCadre, Charita Davis, OG Mack Drama, DJ Peg, Hella Fresh DJs, Shadow Black, Wolfpak, #HTownTakeOver, Sinclair Ridley (TSU Music Department), Lakeisha Catley, Tracy Denny, Chill Ghetto Throne, RapBeats.net, Z.I.T.B. , Seattle, H-Town, Yonkers, Big Foo, Barry Black, Dennis Johnson, Phatfirm Radio, Rainier Beach HS, The District, Garfield HS, ATL

Where can people follow you to stay up-to-date?

InsanAsylum LLC: https://www.facebook.com/SoundsOfTheInsane/

Thank you for your time. We wish you much success in your further career.

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[thousandoaksba]

Specialist Spotlight: Dr. Lee of Thousand Oaks Endodontics

At Thousand Oaks Family Dentistry, we are proud of the network of skilled dental specialists we have created. Whether you are in our office or one of our associates’ offices, know that you will be treated with respect, kindness and experience. Today, we would like to highlight Dr. Jonathan Lee at Thousand Oaks Endodontics.

Endodontics is the subspecialty of dentistry focused on treating infections and injuries to the nerve of the tooth by performing root canals. here, the tooth nerve is removed and replaced with a resilient filling material called gutta percha. Endodontist may also perform surgical procedures to patch tooth roots or splint teeth after an injury. In his state of the art office, Dr. Lee performs all these procedures (and more!) with compassion and the highest levels of expertise. 

A Conejo Valley native, Dr. Lee completed dental school at USC and his residency at Temple University in Pittsburgh. If you would like to know more about Dr. Lee's office, root canals or why you are being referred to see a specialist, please give our office a call!

Website: http://www.thousandoaksendodontics.com/

Phone number: 805 370 0110

  from thousand oaks ca https://www.thousandoaksfamilydentistry.com/blog/specialist-spotlight-dr-lee-of-thousand-oaks-endodontics

[guttasoles]

The wait is finally over!! We decided to release ”Gutta Gold” The Audio Film on YouTube and Vimeo, free of charge for a limited time!....After this short period the film will be available to stream on: Vimeo On Demand, Amazon Prime Video US, Amazon Prime Video UK, UDU Digital, as well as FILMHUB Thank you for your patience, and enjoy our journey! LINK IN BIO!! https://youtu.be/LREDqsdQ__E What is Gutta Gold? It is an Audio Film being released by Open Gutta Films.....It is starring, written, directed, produced, and edited entirely by @kromanteng .....It is an Audio/visual journey into the world of @guttasoles , the custom sneaker company based in Accra, Ghana; as well as the mind of the CEO/Founder Leslie Bentil aka Kromanteng .....The music was produced by Berlin beatmaker QFormat and will be available in the form of an EP on iTunes, Spotify, Amazon Music etc....... The story that is told is fictionalized at certain points to focus on the metaphor of finding gold in whatever type of “gutter” you happen to be in; but for the most part it’s the true story of starting a sneaker company in Ghana and the psychological struggles associated with “taking the road less traveled....” The peaks and valleys of life are understood better through many perspectives....I hope the perspective of this journey gives a helping hand to all those who have chosen to chase their dreams and find gold from their gutters to better their lives and other around them……”Git GUTTA!!” 💯🙏🏿 (at Tokyo, Japan) https://www.instagram.com/p/BymJd3ZCzD1/?igshid=5ybibvstuxw8