#grochów

[warszawskiemozaiki]

Warszawa, Kiprów.

[greatworldwar2]

• Stanisław Sosabowski

Stanisław Franciszek Sosabowski was a Polish general in World War II. He fought in the Polish Campaign of 1939 and at the Battle of Arnhem (Netherlands), as a part of Operation Market Garden, in 1944 as commander of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade.

Stanisław Sosabowski was born on May 8th, 1892 in Stanislau, in what was then Austria-Hungary and is now Ivano-Frankivsk in western Ukraine. His father was a railway worker. Sosabowski graduated from a local gymnasium and in 1910 he was accepted as a student of the faculty of economy of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. However, the death of his father and the poor financial situation of his family forced him to abandon his studies and return to Stanislau. There he became a member of Drużyny Strzeleckie, a semi-clandestine Polish national paramilitary organisation. He was soon promoted to the head of all Polish Scouting groups in the area. In 1913, Sosabowski was drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. After training, he was promoted to the rank of corporal, serving in the 58th Infantry Regiment. After the outbreak of World War I he fought with his unit against the Imperial Russian Army in the battles of Rzeszów, Dukla Pass and Gorlice. For his bravery, he was awarded several medals and promoted to first lieutenant. In 1915, he was badly wounded in action and withdrawn from the front. In November 1918, after Poland regained its independence Sosabowski volunteered for the newly formed Polish Army, but his wounds were still not healed and he was rejected as a front-line officer. Instead, he became a staff officer in the Ministry of War Affairs in Warsaw.

After the Polish-Soviet War Sosabowski was promoted to major and in 1922 he started his studies at the Higher Military School in Warsaw. After he finished his studies he was assigned to the Polish General Staff. Promoted to lieutenant colonel, in 1928 he was finally assigned to a front-line unit, the 75th Infantry Regiment, as commanding officer of a battalion. The following year he was assigned to the 3rd Podhale Rifles Regiment as its deputy commander. From 1930 he was also a professor of logistics at his alma mater. In 1937 Sosabowski was promoted to colonel and became the commanding officer of the 9th Polish Legions Infantry Regiment stationed in Zamość. In January 1939 he became the commander of the prestigious Warsaw-based 21st Infantry Regiment. According to the Polish mobilisation scheme, Sosabowski's regiment was attached to the 8th Infantry Division. Shortly before the German invasion of Poland started his unit was moved from its garrison in the Warsaw Citadel to the area of Ciechanów, where it was planned as a strategic reserve of the Modlin Army. On September 2nd, the division was moved towards Mława and in the early morning of the following day it entered combat in the Battle of Mława. Although the 21st Regiment managed to capture Przasnysz and its secondary objectives, the rest of the division was surrounded by the Wehrmacht and destroyed. After that Sosabowski ordered his troops to retreat towards Warsaw. Sosabowski was ordered to man the Grochów and the Kamionek defensive area and defend Praga, the eastern borough of Warsaw, against the German 10th Infantry Division. During the Siege of Warsaw the forces of Sosabowski were outmanned and outgunned, but managed to hold all their objectives. When the general assault on Praga started on September 16th, the 21st Infantry Regiment managed to repel the attacks of German 23rd Infantry Regiment and then successfully counter-attacked and destroyed the enemy unit. After this success, Sosabowski was assigned to command all Polish troops fighting in the area of Grochów. Despite constant bombardment and German attacks repeated every day, Sosabowski managed to hold his objectives at relatively low cost in manpower. On September 26th, 1939, the forces led by Sosabowski bloodily repelled the last German attack, but two days later Warsaw capitulated.

Following the Polish surrender, Sosabowski was made a prisoner of war and interned at a camp near Żyrardów. However, he escaped and remained in Warsaw under a false name, where he joined the Polish resistance. He was ordered to leave Poland and reached France to report on the situation in occupied Poland. After arriving in Paris, The Polish government in exile assigned him to the Polish 4th Infantry Division as the commanding officer. Initially, the French authorities were very reluctant to hand over the badly needed equipment and armament for the Polish unit. Sosabowski's soldiers had to train with pre-World War I weapons. In April 1940, the division was moved to a training camp in Parthenay and was finally handed the weapons awaited since January, but it was already too late to organise the division. Out of more than 11,000 soldiers, only 3,150 were given arms. By June 1940, Sosabowski with approximately 6,000 Polish soldiers arrived at La Pallice, whence they were evacuated to Great Britain. Upon his arrival in London, Sosabowski turned up at the Polish General Staff and was assigned to 4th Rifles Brigade that was to become a core of the future 4th Infantry Division. The unit was to be composed mainly of Polish Canadians, but it soon became apparent that there were not enough young Poles in Canada from which to create a division. Then, Sosabowski decided to transform his brigade into a Parachute Brigade, the first such unit in the Polish Army. The volunteers came from all the formations of the Polish Army. In Largo House in Fife, a training camp was built and the parachute training was started. Sosabowski himself passed the training and, at 49 years of age, made his first parachute jump. In October 1942 the Brigade was ready for combat and was named the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade. Since the Polish General Staff planned to use the Brigade to assist a national uprising in Poland, the soldiers of the 1st Polish Para were to be the first element of the Polish Army in Exile to reach their homeland. Hence the unofficial motto of the unit: by the shortest road (najkrótszą drogą).

In September 1943, Lieutenant-General Frederick Browning proposed that Sosabowski reform his unit into a division and fill the remaining posts with British troops. Sosabowski himself would be assigned to the newly formed division and promoted to general. However, Sosabowski refused. Nevertheless, on June 15th, 1944 he was promoted to Brigadier General. In early August 1944, news of the Warsaw Uprising arrived in Great Britain. The Brigade was ready to be dropped by parachute into Warsaw to aid their comrades from the underground Polish Home Army, who were fighting a desperate battle against overwhelming odds. However, the distance was too great for the transport aircraft to make a round trip and access to Soviet airfields was denied. The morale of the Polish troops suffered badly and many of the units verged on mutiny. The British staff threatened its Polish counterpart with disarmament of the Brigade, but Sosabowski retained control of his unit. Finally, Polish Commander in Chief Kazimierz Sosnkowski put the Brigade under British command, and the plan to send it to Warsaw was abandoned.

During the planning for Operation Market Garden, Sosabowski expressed serious concerns regarding the feasibility of the mission. Among Sosabowski's concerns were the poorly conceived drop zones at Arnhem, the long distances between the landing zones and Arnhem Bridge and that the area would contain a greater German presence than British intelligence believed. Despite Sosabowski's concerns and warnings from the Dutch Resistance that two SS Panzer Divisions were in the operations area, Market Garden proceeded as planned. The Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade was among the Allied forces taking part in Market Garden. Due to a shortage of transport aircraft, the brigade was split into several parts before being dropped into the battle. A small part of the brigade with Sosabowski was parachuted near Driel on September 19th, but the rest of the brigade arrived only on September 21st at the distant town of Grave, falling directly on the waiting guns of the Germans camped in the area. The brigade's artillery was dropped with the British 1st Airborne Division. Three times Sosabowski attempted to cross the Rhine to come to the assistance of the surrounded 1st Airborne Division. Unfortunately, the ferry they hoped to use had been sunk and the Poles attempting to cross the river in small rubber boats came under heavy fire. Even so, at least 200 men made it across the river and reinforced the embattled British paratroopers. Despite the difficult situation, at a staff meeting on September 24th, Sosabowski suggested that the battle could still be won. He proposed that the combined forces of XXX Corps, under Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, and the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade should start an all-out assault on the German positions and try to break through the Rhine. This plan was not accepted, and during the last phase of the battle, on 25th and 26th of September, Sosabowski led his men southwards, shielding the retreat of the remnants of the 1st Airborne Division. Casualties among the Polish units were high, approaching 40%. After the battle, on October 5th, 1944, Sosabowski received a letter from Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, commander of the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, describing the Polish soldiers as having fought bravely and offering awards to ten of his soldiers. However, on October 14th, 1944, Montgomery wrote another letter, this time to the British commanders, in which he scapegoated Sosabowski for the failure of Market Garden. Sosabowski was accused of criticizing Montgomery, and the Polish General Staff was forced to remove him as the commanding officer of his brigade on December 27th, 1944.

Sosabowski was eventually made the commander of rearguard troops and was demobilized in July 1948. Shortly after the war Sosabowski succeeded in evacuating his wife and only son from Poland. Like many other Polish wartime officers and soldiers who were unable to return to Communist Poland on pain of repercussions including death or disappearance, he settled in West London. He found a job as a factory worker at the CAV Electrics assembly plant in Acton.He died in London on September 25th, 1967. In 1969, Sosabowski's remains were returned to Poland, where he was reinterred at Powązki Military Cemetery in Warsaw. In The Hague, on May 31st, 2006, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands awarded the Military Order of William to the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade. The brigade's commander, Sosabowski, was posthumously awarded the "Bronze Lion". On June 1st, a ceremony was held at Driel, the town where the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade fought. Among the speakers at the ceremony were the mayor of Overbetuwe, as well as Sosabowski's grandson and great-grandson. Sosabowski was portrayed by Gene Hackman in the 1977 war film A Bridge Too Far. In the summer of 2012 1st Airborne Major Tony Hibbert made a video appeal for Sosabowski to be pardoned and honoured.

[starzec]

Rare Car Spawns, July 2024

Random Warsaw trivia: somewhere around my former flat (Grochów/Witolin), there's a cluster of old car mechanic workshops unaffiliated with any company directly – so for whatever reason, wildest and rarest cars could be spotted in the area. I'm often there for farmer's market.

[dieletztepanzerhexe]

hmmmmmm i'm feeling nostalgic. i remember those sunny winter mornings when i was walking through the streets of Grochów with shabby looking houses. i remember that it was so cold that my hands were always completely stiff. there was and probably still is a unofficial tiny flea market right next to the white church. i bought multiple cute spoons there but i never used them, i just keep them in boxes with the rest of my stuff. i'm nostalgic for things that were not good for me. nothing about that period was positive and i wish i could forget everything that happened then, but still, i think about those peaceful empty streets and how the sun was shining over the rooftops and trying to light up a cigarrete with my stiff fingers and trams passing by and i can't help but feel nostlagia. i will never go back (thank god) and it will never happen again (thank god!) and i hope i'm smarter now but i remember how this crisp air felt and snow without foot prints and neglected pre war buildings with their yards covered with trash. i miss everything and i wish i could forget everything.

[derichelieu]

Na tumblrze powinien być dyskurs o tym, że nie powinno się mówić Praga Północ i Praga Południe, a zwyczajnie Praga i Grochów.

[sublimestudentfestival]

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Email: kontakt@serwisjmt.pl

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Migdałowa 2B

Warszawa, mazowieckie, PL 02-796

Kolory i niektóre zewnętrzne lub wewnętrzne elementy mogą różnić się od rzeczywistych. Parametry techniczne, wyposażenie, ceny i specyfikacja pojazdów, a także ceny części zamiennych i akcesoriów oraz koszty usług serwisowych, mogą ulegać zmianom i są aktualizowane. Podane w serwisie informacje nie stanowią oferty w rozumieniu art. 66 i kolejnych Kodeksu cywilnego, a także nie stanowią zaproszenia do rokowań. Indywidualne uzgodnienie właściwości, specyfikacji i ceny pojazdu, części zamiennych lub akcesoriów oraz czasu i sposobu ich dostawy następuje w umowie zawieranej u Autoryzowanych Partnerów.

Mechanik 24h Warszawa – Eksperci Czekający Na Twój Telefon

HESS - Wymiana tarcz i klocków hamulcowych, wymiana rozrządu, wymiana kliknij, aby zbadać sprzęgła Warszawa Bielany - Oferujemy szeroką gamę usług począwszy od wulkanizacji, a na naprawie silnika skończywszy. Jesteśmy w stanie naprawić każde auto, a nasz szef specjalizuje się w naprawie zagadkowych przypadków. Jeśli poprzedni warsztat samochodowy nie był w stanie uporać się z twoim przypadkiem, wypróbuj warsztat samochodowy Hess z Warszawie i poczuj różnice między pasją, a chęcią zarobienia pieniędzy po łebkach. Skorzystaj z naszego formularza internetowego lub umów się na wizytę telefonicznie, a przekonasz się, że serwis samochodowy Hess, to wszystko, czego potrzebuje twoje auto, by wrócić do pełnej sprawności.

Audi Rs7 40 Tfsi Quattro Tiptronic

Importujemy towar wiodących producentow z całego świata co daje państwu najbogatszą dostępną ofertę w branży. Nasze rozwiązania pozwalają na to, by nasi klienci mogli powiązać sklep internetowy Würth bezpośrednio do ich elektronicznego syste

[mobilnymechanik]

Mobilny Mechanik Praga-Południe Grochów

Mobilny Mechanik Praga-Południe Grochów

[1vqio2q-es-stuff-blog]

Warszawa – Praga Południe - ul. Kobielska Cena: 520 000 PLN Oferta na zasadach wyłączności Mieszkanie posiada powierzchnie 45m2, a w tym salon z wyjściem na balkon dwie sypialnie, oddzielną jasną kuchnie, łazienkę z WC oraz przedpokój. Do mieszkania przynależy również piwnica. Znajduję się na 4 piętrze w 10 piętrowym budynku z 1966 roku. Ciche mieszkanie z widokiem na zieleń. Status prawny: Pełna własność, budynkiem administruje WSM Grochów. Stan budynku: Budynek po wszelkich remontach z czystą i zadbaną klatką wyposażony w dwie nowe windy. W okolicy znajduję się wiele sklepów oraz punktów usługowych. W pobliżu Park Polińskiego. Przystanek tramwajowy i autobusowy – 2 minuty pieszo Przed oglądaniem mieszkania należy podpisać standardową umowę pośrednictwa w kupnie nieruchomości. Zgodnie z ustawą o gospodarce nieruchomościami Rozdział 2, Art. 180, pkt. 3 (USTAWA z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997r. o gospodarce nieruchomościami) Kontakt: Biuro nieruchomości AreaHouse Oddział III – AreaHouse Praga Sp. z o.o. 04-077 Warszawa Al. Waszyngtona 85/U1 Tel: 791 888 790

[batri-jopa]

The oldest known record of the text of Bogurodzica from 1407 written on the back endpaper of a collection of Latin sermons copied by Maciej of Grochów, a vicar in Kcynia in Pałuki [source]

The manuscript of Bogurodzica stored in the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow, ref. 408, card 87 verso. Dated 1408 [source]

Bogurodzica (Polish pronunciation: [bɔɡurɔˈd͡ʑit͡sa], calque of the Greek term Theotokos), in English known as the Mother of God, is a medieval Roman Catholic hymn composed sometime between the 10th and 13th centuries in Poland. It is believed to be the oldest religious hymn or patriotic anthem in the Polish language [source]

[tommargol]

#warszawa #grochów (at Grochów, Warszawa, Poland) https://www.instagram.com/p/CMvRqgwnqOI/?igshid=l0v1ucvafnsf

[robbialy]

Kościół pw. Najczystszego Serca Maryi w 1942 roku Fot. Z albumu Elżbiety Lange- Moroz #placszembeka#pragapołudnie#grochów#abcwarszawy https://www.instagram.com/p/CHYPwoQp32sylRXPmdTiKU83gHSDlOUQNKNn2Q0/?igshid=1c67ozjhm1ao1

[warszawskiemozaiki]

Kapliczka przy Budrysów, Warszawa.

[servicepartnerestate]

🔴⚫️Pytacie się co to jest ta Umowa z wyłącznością ❓️ U mnie taka umowa się nazywa WZW - Wyłączność ze Współpracą 🍀 🔴⚫️ Otóż to jest taka umowa, która daje korzyści i duże szanse na dobrą sprzedaż nieruchomosci tak dla Właściciela jaki i dla Pośrednika. Właściciel jest odciążony od większości obowiązków i kosztów💰 Pośrednik ma gwarancję wynagrodzenia 💰Oczekując na koniec satysfakcji z dobrze wykonanej pracy, pracuje nad ofertą ze spokojem i przyjemnością a to z reguły przekłada się na sukces❗️ 🔴⚫️ Pytacie: czy warto warto przekazać swoją nieruchomość w ręce jednego współpracującego z innymi Agencjami Pośrednika ❓️ Odpowiedz jest prosta, szczególnie w tym coraz trudniejszym dla Sprzedających czasie .... 🔴⚫️To mieszkanie bylo u mnie @ServiceNieruchomosci w ofercie WZW - 🔴⚫️Czas od reklamy do sprzedaży na współpracę z biurem @RealEstateLovers to 5 tygodni ❗️ Warto❓️Warto #wspolpracasieoplaca #Wyłączność #Umowazwylacznoscia #wylacznoscwzw #sprzedaż #nieruchomość #Sprzedammieszkanie #Kupięmieszkanie #pierwokup #rewitalizacja #Grochów #praga-południe #umowaprzedwstępna #reklama #oferta #wyłącznośćjestdobra #wyłącznośćwzw #servicenieruchomości #servicepartnerestate #liliananiespodzianska #współpraca #współpracasięopłaca #miłegodnia https://www.instagram.com/p/CgB4ff2s6F5/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[zyciestolicy]

Chciał przepędzić drona Straży Miejskiej klapkiem

Chciał przepędzić drona Straży Miejskiej klapkiem

Strażnicy miejscy kontrolowali teren parku Znicza na Grochowie za pomocą drona. Latający obiekt nie spodobał się biesiadującym na ławce mężczyznom. Jeden z nich, chcąc odpędzić intruza, zaczął w niego rzucać klapkiem. Ze względu na nasilające się upały wczesnym popołudniem strażnicy miejscy kontrolowali park Znicza za pomocą drona. W trakcie kontroli funkcjonariusze zauważyli na ekranie dwóch…

[electriccatstuff]

Niespodziewane i szybkie łowy w @antykwariatgrochowski - co prawda z okazji pandemii pozbawione snucia się między regałami, ale udane. Gdy sytuacja się uspokoi, z pewnością tam zawędruję na dłużej. #antykwariatgrochowski #grochów #antykwariat #bookstagram #bookphotograph #bookphotography #arturszrejter #mitologiagermanica #mitologiagermańska #germanmythology #newbooks #czytamksiążki #czytam #takczytam #zakochajsiewwarszawie (w: Antykwariat Grochowski) https://www.instagram.com/p/CACzVJNpTLz/?igshid=pf2amlupl2la

[lipton2024]

The end of rainbow. #rainbow #warszawa #warsaw #grochów