#geneticpolymorphism

[cytgen]

Abstract Tandemly arranged repetitive regions (repeats) that encode 5S rRNA (5S rDNA) are an indispensable component of eukaryotic genomes. Typically, 5S rDNA repeats within a genome are very similar due to the concerted nature of the evolution of this type of repeats. Each 5S rDNA repeat consists of an evolutionarily conserved coding sequence (CDS) and a variable intergenic spacer (IGS). 5S rDNA is a popular model for studying the molecular evolution of repetitive sequences, and the high rate of IGS mutations determines its wide use in phylogenetic analysis of closely related taxa. Nevertheless, 5S rDNA remains unexplored for many groups of higher plants, especially for the Plumbaginaceae family. Some taxa of this family are endemic to southern Ukraine and listed in the Red Book. However, their taxonomic status is controversial, and its clarification requires the use of molecular phylogenetic methods. In this work, we examined the molecular organization of 5S rDNA for representatives of four genera of the tribe Limonieae, the largest in the family Plumbaginaceae. It was shown that the CDS of 5S rDNA of representatives of the genera Limonium, Armeria, and Ceratolimon possess single mutations that do not affect the formation of the secondary structure of 5S rRNA. In contrast, in the genomes of Goniolimon species, in addition to functionally normal 5S rDNA repeats, numerous pseudogenes were found that do not evolve in a concerted manner and contain numerous mutations in the CDS that disrupt the secondary structure of 5S rRNA. A significant phylogenetic distance between representatives of the subgenera Pteroclados and Limonium of the genus Limonium indicates that Pteroclados can be considered a separate genus. The high rate of molecular evolution makes 5S rDNA IGS a convenient tool for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within the studied genera of the tribe Limonieae and the barcoding of Ukrainian endemics of the genus Limonium.

Keywords: 5S rDNA genetic polymorphism molecular evolution and phylogeny repetitive sequences pseudogenes Armeria Ceratolimon Goniolimon Limonium

[agappediagnostics]

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM (SUSCEPTIBLE MUTATIONS), DOES IT CONTRIBUTE TO THE HIGHER COVID-19 BURDEN IN KERALA?As everybody knows, Kerala is the diabetes capital (<20%) of India & concomitantly, we have highest number of cardiovascular (CVS) deaths too (16%).

https://www.agappe.com/in/blog-details/227

[propertyfind-blog]

Experts have tried to explain the possible reasons for the behavior of people in different circumstance by recent research as individuals are affected by environment.

[cytgen]

Abstract The genus Muscari Mill. (Asparagaceae Juss.) includes about 80 species distributed in Eurasia, mainly in the Mediterranean region. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the taxa belonging to this group form a monophyletic clade and are closely related. However, the phylogeny and status of some taxa of Muscari sensu lato remain controversial. So far, most phylogenetic studies of the genus Muscari have used almost exclusively Mediterranean plant material, while representatives of the genus from the Carpathian region remain unexplored. In this work, we used the sequencing of three regions of chloroplast DNA, psbA-trnH, trnT-L, and trnL-F, to clarify the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Muscari, to assess the genetic polymorphism and taxonomic status of Ukrainian populations of M. botryoides, as well as specimens of other Muscari species from the Carpathian region. According to the results of the phylogenetic analysis, the genus Muscari is a monophyletic group that includes three subgenera: Muscari, Muscarimia, and Pseudomuscari. Leopoldia species have been placed in the subgenus Muscari. Specimens of M. botryoides from Ukraine and Austria together with M. transsilvanicum from Romania and M. serpentinicum/M. sandrasicum from Turkey form the clade “Botryoides”, one of the three main clades identified in the subgenus Muscari. A significant genetic distance between Ukrainian specimens of M. botryoides, specimens of this species from other habitats, and other species of the genus Muscari allows us to consider the Ukrainian specimens of M. botryoides as a new, previously undescribed species. A comparison of the sequences of the investigated regions of the chloroplast genome revealed genetic differences between two groups of Ukrainian populations of M. botryoides, which can be interpreted as the existence of two intraspecific forms.

[propertyfind-blog]

A few people give off an impression of being hereditarily customized to help other people whilst living next to each other with other people who tend to misuse their liberality, say scientists who delivered an imaginative model of social advancement to comprehend the idea of hereditary polymorphism.Practices of people are exceptionally adaptable and they tend to construct their discernment in light of what they see in the wake of preparing information about the world.

In any case, a few species depend on acquired guidelines on what to do – people act distinctively as indicated by which particular hereditary variations they are conceived with, said one of the specialists Sasha Dall, Senior Lecturer at University of Exeter in Britain.The discoveries demonstrated that individuals are liable to be affected by molding or the encompassing environment instead of what they sense or experience.

Picture Courtesy: ndtvimg.com

The conduct of people can frequently advance to be controlled by an arrangement of acquired hereditary propensities that precisely anticipate social connections, including their possible relatedness to different individuals from their group, and their surroundings instead of in direct reaction to what they sense or experience.The study, published in the journal PLOS Computational Biology, aims to explore why some individuals evolve to be genetically programmed to be nice, while others stay nasty.

The hypothesis of kinfolk’s choice clarifies the advancement of helping when relatives collaborate. It can be utilized when people as a part of a social gathering have diverse genders, ages or phenotypic qualities; however the hypothesis has not been worked out for circumstances where there is hereditary polymorphism in helping, the analysts said.

Picture Courtesy: startribune.com

In this manner, for the study, the group utilized province living organisms as motivation to investigate why a few people are by nature liberal and others less so.Thus, for the study, the team used colony-living microbes as inspiration to explore why some individuals are by nature generous and others less so.Utilizing a scientific model, they analyzed the social conduct in a scope of various animal groups to comprehend the advancement of sociality.

 “What we have possessed the capacity to show is the means by which you can get a circumstance where you wind up with particular levels of hereditarily decided delightfulness coinciding inside populaces,” Dall noted