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pravasichhokro · 3 years ago

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Moments of Happiness in my Childhood

In complete contrast to today’s digital entertainment and modern transport systems, my childhood was simple but I enjoyed some special moments and activities. I will pen down the experience from 1955 to 1965 (my age from 6 yrs to 15 yrs). Those were my school going days in Ahmedabad.

The first priority was sports and games. I was an avid fan of soft ball (tennis ball) cricket and played it with friends almost anywhere and anytime. We played on streets, in compound of bungalows, in open fields, on terraces and in balcony. We adopted the bat size (small or big) and bowling style (overhand or underhand) to suite the space. I picked up, after class 8, field hockey under an able coach, who was an ex-India player. I excelled in hockey to represent Gujarat State in inter-state school tournament in Shillong, Assam. Other games were desi. We played team games at school- Kabbadi and kho-kho. We played marbles and gulli danda. We also played a game where 7 flat stone pieces were heaped like a pyramid and two teams were involved. The defending team will use a ball and try to topple the pyramid. The other team will hit with the ball the members of the team who toppled it. The first team will try to resurrect the pyramid without getting hit. It was an interesting game. Unfortunately I forget the name.

I also enjoyed indoor games –playing cards, carrom and chess among others. All these games were gender neutral and could be played with family or friends. One family, our neighbors, played chess with passion. The game would extend from one day to another and the chess board would remain untouched overnight.

Today’s kids play mostly games with smart phone, laptop and computer in the comfort of their home. Most of these games are foreign to us. Some Desi versions may be available.

Second on the list was outside food. My grandmother and mother cooked traditional Maharashtrian food at home so outside food had to be different. Once in a while we went to Havmor (Gujarati spelling of HAVE MORE) restaurant, which served variety of ice cream, Dosa and Punjabi Samosa. Their Cassatta and truti-fruity ice cream were popular and our favourite. Occasionally, we would go to Chetna Restaurant, which served unlimited Gujarati thali. In summer, we would go to Law College Garden (popularly called “Love” Garden for obvious reasons) in the evening. We enjoyed the pot ice cream, bhel and ragda pattice. The garden had a restaurant where there was an imported juke box. The machine played selected song once you put in a coin and press the number against your choice. The robotic arm would pick up the LP disc and place it on turn table. The movement of the mechanism was fascinating. I also enjoyed going to the famous night market at Manek Chowk for titbits. Please note that pav bhaji had not appeared on the scene then.

Today eating out is no more an attraction as most urban families eat out once a week when Lady of the House keeps the kitchen closed, her off day.

I was fortunate that my father took us once in a while to see Hollywood comedy films of Laurel and Hardy, Charlie Chaplin and Norman Wisdom. These films were either silent or English but neither hampered the laughter that got generated naturally. My father also introduced us to wild life through movies like African Safari and Hattari. The wild life depiction was so real and very engrossing. This experience was reinforced with visits to Kankaria, Ahmedabad zoo and Byculla, Bombay zoo ( Rani chi bag).One movie, which was most educational, was “Around the World in 80 days”. My father had briefly told us the story but the picturisation of various countries and the difficulties faced en route were very mind blowing for a child. I still recall the train being held up due to thousands of wild cows/cattle crossing the rail track in USA. After age of 12, I was allowed to see two Hindi movies a year (one after half yearly exam and another after annual exam) with my friends. Present day kids enjoy cartoons and other animated movies on TV or internet at home.

We eagerly used wait to go to a circus, which happened once a year. I have seen most of the famous circus of those days- Gemini ( Mera Naam Joker fame), Rajkamal, Appollo. As a child, I was quite impressed with the acrobats and animals showing their skills. But the most awaited act was by the jokers- small and tall or fat and thin as the pair might be. We enjoyed these acts so much that we used to try to enact them at home with friends after coming back. Today I never hear any urban kid having seen a live circus. My wife keeps pressing me to take her to a circus when we see advertisement of it in Pune local newspapers. We saw one virtual Rambo performance last year on laptop during lockdown.

We, as kids, looked forward to two festivals – Divali and Makar sankrant (Uttarayan). Divali meant new clothes and fire crackers. Shopping for the fire crackers was exciting as we would go late at night to a whole sale market to seek bargain and rub shoulders with the crowds. Makar Sankrant meant kite flying day. The preparation would start with getting the “manja” (special thread) and then buying various types of kites from the night market. On the day (Jan 14) kite flying would start early morning and end late evening. The food, Undhyu (a Gujarati mix veg specialty) and Jalebi, would be served on the terrace. I believe kids enjoy these festivals, on a smaller scale, even today.

I enjoyed various rides (not roller coaster type). I started using city bus to go to school from age of 8. I started using bicycle in high school. I recall our long cycle ride to Theur Ganesh temple in Pune during summer holidays. I used to look forward to train journey to our native place in Maharashra for summer holidays. We made transit halt at Bombay (Mumbai now). I loved the ride in horse carriage (called Victoria) from Chinchpkali to Bombay Central or Byculla Zoo. I also used to take ride in double decker bus in the front row on upper deck from Chinchpokali to Ballard Pier and back. Once in awhile I took the double decker tram from Lal Bag to Fountain. Both these rides gave a good view of the major parts of Bombay and were the best time pass.

In conclusion, I can state that the academic performance, where I excelled, never gave me the kick (happiness) as the above mundane activities did. I had no access to TV, WiFi-smart phone, tablet, and laptop. For some readers, it may be difficult to appreciate my feeling of happiness at such most common acts. Each person finds his own moments of happiness, I guess.

#childhood #memories

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novelemporium4 · 3 years ago

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leopardprintismybrown · 5 years ago

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1. We formed a band with friends in our school days and we often used to perform for some coins.

The first Queen interview in our country. (From Music Life September Issue 1974)

The first chance encounter between the long-standing music magazine “MUSIC LIFE” and Queen happened at the beginning of summer ‘74 at the time of the release of the famous second album “QUEEN II”. Unfortunately, Brian was absent due to an illness, but we’re reintroducing the unforgettable moment when Roger’s natural voice was delivered to Japanese fans for the first time.

**********************************************************

Can you tell us about your personal music career?

John Deacon: I started to perform with various amateur bands since I was 12-13 and attending Leicester School. When I was 18 I went to London to start university, but, even though I met a lot of friends, the first time I played with a professional band it was with Queen. I’ve been playing with Freddie, Brian and Roger for 3 years and a half, but they were already together for 6 months before they made me join. The first instrument I learnt was a six chord guitar but I switched to the bass guitar when I was 14. I learnt all by myself.

Freddie Mercury: I was born in East Africa and I spent my years as a young boy in India when I was 7-8. I was admitted into a school dormitory. Since the rules were strict, I could never go out. In those school days, I started learning the piano and I studied classic piano reaching the intermediate level. After that, I entered an art college in London and I met Brian and Roger. They were playing in a band called “Smile” and even if I was in a group called “Sour Milk Sea” the three of us hit it off immediately and we shared a rented apartment. Then, one day, Smile disbanded and the two of them asked me to form a group together. That was the beginning of Queen.

Roger Taylor: I started playing the drums seriously when I was 12, but since I was a huge fan of rock’n’roll I learnt immediately. Back then, I preferred to listen to Bill Haley, The Shadows, The Who, The Yardbirds, The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix. I formed a band with my friends at school. We used to perform frequently as a semi pro band for a little money. Then, I started to attend university in London and I got acquainted with Brian and we formed Smile. At university, I was studying for a major in dental school, but I abandoned after a year. Then, I started a major in biology and I got a degree. At the end of those studies, Queen were formed.

At the time Queen were formed there were a lot of difficulties, right?

FM: To some extent, yes. But we were confident in the music we wanted to make and also we were certain which kind of direction we should take. First of all, we made a demo tape and we took it to many record companies. We didn’t think such things as “any record company is fine”. We kept on searching for the best record companies and the most appropriate for us. For this reason, we never compromised.

After recording the demo tape, how long did it take until the release of the first album “QUEEN”?

RT: A lot. Must have taken approximately 2 years. The recording was completed easily, but back then the record company thought it wasn’t still the moment to release it. The company waited until the suitable moment to release came, but given various problems, we didn’t sell much even when the album had been released. On the contrary, things went smooth for the second album and as soon as the recording was completed it was immediately released for sale.

Your sound is strongly English and you can feel elements from Led Zeppelin and Yes music…

FM: We have no intention to imitate those groups. I personally like Zeppelin, but not so much Yes lately. Surely, when our first album came out we were compared to other groups and probably they thought about us that way. But now that our sound has been established they are saying that other bands sound like Queen. We’re not trying to create Queen sound on purpose, it happened naturally.

Today Brian is not here, is he still hospitalized for his illness?

JD: No, he’s already been discharged. Since he’s currently resting at home and having proper meals, he should be completely recovered in 2 weeks.

The second album “QUEEN II” is divided in “White Side” and “Black Side”. Does it have a particular meaning?

FM: There isn’t that deep meaning. We came up with the idea by chance, during the recording. I wrote the song “The March of the Black Queen” for that album and Brian wrote “White Queen”, that’s where the idea came from. Also, that mood is reflected to a certain extent in both sides. The White Side radiates a bright feeling of a white mood, the Black Side turns into a rather dark image of a devilish feeling. We even wear black and white on stage and it becomes a really good contrast.

Tell us about the new album.

JD: We plan on concentrating on the third album through July, August and September. Since we’ll be away on tour from the middle of September, we intend to have it finished before then. We’ll be in charge of the production in collaboration with Roy Thomas Baker.

Tell us about your PA system and your instruments manifacturers.

JD: Roger uses Ludwig drums, Brian a handmade guitar and VOX “AC30” amp, I use a Fender Precision Bass guitar and an acoustic amp. The PA system is usually rented during tours.

I look forward to your visit to Japan next year. Thank you very much.

**********************************************************

T/N: First interview from the Music Life special issue about Roger Taylor. As always, I am not an English native speaker, so forgive any possible error. Also, remember that translating into a foreign language is difficult and I hope I have preserved the original meaning.

#translated by me #music life #queen #queen interview #queen in japan #1974 #roger taylor #John Deacon #freddie mercury #Brian May #70s

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novelemporiumauction · 1 year ago

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novelemporiumonline · 2 years ago

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Hindu Coins of Medieval India

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extreme-investor-network · 2 years ago

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Market Talk - August 3, 2022

ASIA: China announced on Tuesday that its People’s Liberation Army (PLA) would launch a series of targeted military operations on the island in response to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan and its resolute defense of national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The announcement came shortly after Pelosi landed in Taiwan, the first time in 25 years for a speaker of the US House of Representatives. China considers Taiwan its “breakaway province”. However, Taipei has insisted on its independence since 1949. The PLA’s Eastern Theater Command also announced that it would hold joint military operations around Taiwan, with joint naval and air exercises in the north, southwest and southeast of the island, long-range artillery fire in Taiwan Strait and launched conventional missiles in maritime areas east of the island starting Tuesday evening, China’s Global Times reported. Japan and the United States plan to combine their economic influence to prevent China from turning its vast resources into strategic victories. Foreign Secretary Antony Blinken, Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo and their Japanese counterparts stopped short, citing the concept of an “economic NATO” proposed by some US lawmakers and allies. Friday’s meeting fell under the banner of the US-Japan Economic Policy Advisory Committee, a new format for the quartet of diplomatic and economic policymakers to coordinate their efforts to “make our economies more competitive and resilient.” The major Asian stock markets had a mixed day today: - NIKKEI 225 increased 147.17 points or 0.53% to 27,741.90 - Shanghai decreased 22.59 points or -0.71% to 3,163.67 - Hang Seng increased 77.88 points or 0.40% to 19,767.09 - ASX 200 decreased 22.20 points or -0.32% to 6,975.90 - Kospi increased 21.83 points or 0.89% to 2,461.45 - SENSEX increased 214.17 points or 0.37% to 58,350.53 - Nifty50 increased 42.70 points or 0.25% to 17,388.15 The major Asian currency markets had a mixed day today: - AUDUSD increased 0.00363 or 0.53% to 0.69395 - NZDUSD increased 0.00014 or 0.02% to 0.62574 - USDJPY increased 0.845 or 0.63% to 134.179 - USDCNY decreased 0.01604 or -0.24% to 6.76116 Precious Metals: l Gold increased 1.14 USD/t oz. or 0.06% to 1,764.41 l Silver increased 0.021 USD/t. oz or 0.11% to 19.988 Some economic news from last night: China: Caixin Services PMI (Jul) increased from 54.5 to 55.5 Hong Kong: Manufacturing PMI (Jul) decreased from 52.4 to 52.3 Japan: Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 54.0 to 50.3 South Korea: FX Reserves – USD (Jul) increased from 438.28B to 438.61B Australia: AIG Construction Index (Jul) decreased from 46.2 to 45.3 Services PMI decreased from 52.6 to 50.9 Retail Sales (MoM) decreased from 0.9% to 0.2% Retail Sales (QoQ) (Q2) increased from 1.0% to 1.4% New Zealand: ANZ Commodity Price Index (MoM) decreased from -0.4% to -2.2% Employment Change (QoQ) (Q2) remain the same at 0.0% Labor Cost Index (YoY) (Q2) increased from 3.1% to 3.4% Labor Cost Index (QoQ) (Q2) increased from 0.7% to 1.3% Participation Rate (Q2) decreased from 70.90% to 70.80% Unemployment Rate (Q2) increased from 3.2% to 3.3% Some economic news from today: India: Nikkei Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 59.2 to 55.5 EUROPE/EMEA: The Bank of England (BoE) has made it clear that it will act forcefully to control record-high inflation, and markets are all but certain of a rare half-percentage-point interest rate hike this Thursday. A 50-basis point increase to 1.75% will be the highest interest rate in 27 years and will accelerate a historic tightening of monetary policy to stifle the highest level of inflation in 40 years. Inflation hit 9.4% in June, and the Bank of England expects it to peak at 11% by the end of the year, well above its 2% target. The European Central Bank (ECB) prefers CBDCs as a mode of payment across borders over Bitcoin (BTC), banking, and stable coins, among others, a report published by a major online daily reported. While the study featured Bitcoin’s inherent scaling and speed issues, it neglected the upgrades required by Taproot and Lightning Network, which upgraded the network performance, presuming that “The underlying technology (and in particular its ‘proof-of-work’ layer) is inherently expensive and wasteful.” On the contrary, the ECB recognized CBDCs as a more prominent counterpart for cross-border payments having better compatibility with forex exchange(FX) transformations, as its benefits include the safeguarding of monetary power and the comfort of instant payments through middlemen identical to central banks. The major Europe stock markets had a green day: l CAC 40 increased 62.26 points or 0.97% to 6,472.06 l FTSE 100 increased 36.57 points or 0.49% to 7,445.68 l DAX 30 increased 138.36 points or 1.03% to 13,587.56 The major Europe currency markets had a mixed day today: - EURUSD decreased 0.0003 or -0.03% to 1.01534 - GBPUSD decreased 0.00076 or -0.06% to 1.21429 - USDCHF increased 0.00492 or 0.51% to 0.96232 Some economic news from Europe today: Germany: German Exports (MoM) (Jun) increased from 1.3% to 4.5% German Imports (MoM) (Jun) decreased from 3.2% to 0.2% German Trade Balance (Jun) increased from 0.8B to 6.4B German Composite PMI (Jul) decreased from 51.3 to 48.1 German Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 52.4 to 49.7 Swiss: CPI (MoM) (Jul) decreased from 0.5% to 0.0% CPI (YoY) (Jul) remain the same at 3.4% Spain: Spanish Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 54.0 to 53.8 Italy: Italian Composite PMI (Jul) decreased from 51.3 to 47.7 Italian Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 51.6 to 48.4 Italian Retail Sales (YoY) (Jun) decreased from 6.8% to 1.4% Italian Retail Sales (MoM) (Jun) decreased from 2.0% to -1.1% France: French Government Budget Balance (Jun) increased from -82.3B to -76.1B French S&P Global Composite PMI (Jul) decreased from 52.5 to 51.7 French Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 53.9 to 53.2 Euro Zone: S&P Global Composite PMI (Jul) decreased from 52.0 to 49.9 Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 53.0 to 51.2 PPI (YoY) (Jun) decreased from 36.2% to 35.8% PPI (MoM) (Jun) increased from 0.5% to 1.1% Retail Sales (YoY) (Jun) decreased from 0.4% to -3.7% Retail Sales (MoM) (Jun) decreased from 0.4% to -1.2% UK: Composite PMI (Jul) decreased from 53.7 to 52.1 Services PMI (Jul) decreased from 54.3 to 52.6 US/AMERICAS: St. Louis Fed President James Bullard voiced hawkish sentiments this Wednesday has he believes the central bank will need to raise rates once they meet again in September. His message comes as no surprise as the Fed has said they will need to see compelling evidence of inflation declining for multiple months. Bullard, a voting member, would like to see rates rise to 3.75% to 4% by the end of the year. In September, however, he sees another 1.5 percentage point hike. In more news from the central bank, San Francisco Fed President Mary Daly stressed that the fight on inflation is far from over. “The number of people who can’t afford this week what they paid for with ease six months ago just means our work is far from done,” she told CNBC on Tuesday. Despite recent large rate increases, Daly warned that it is no indication that the Fed will relent before consistent data indicating a decrease in inflationary pressures is available. US Market Closings: - Dow advanced 416.33 points or 1.29% to 38,812.5 - S&P 500 advanced 63.98 points or 1.56% to 4,155.17 - Nasdaq advanced 319.4 points or 2.59% to 12,668.16 - Russell 2000 advanced 26.48 points or 1.41% to 1,908.93 Canada Market Closings: - TSX Composite advanced 40.61 points or 0.21% to 19,545.94 - TSX 60 advanced 4.06 points or 0.21% to 19,545.94 Brazil Market Closing: - Bovespa advanced 412.98 points or 0.4% to 103,774.68 ENERGY: The oil markets had a mixed day today: l Crude Oil decreased 3.73 USD/BBL or -3.95% to 90.816 l Brent decreased 3.81 USD/BBL or -3.79% to 96.600 l Natural gas increased 0.541 USD/MMBtu or 7.02% to 8.2319 l Gasoline decreased 0.1542 USD/GAL or -5.04% to 2.9018 l Heating oil increased 0.0251 USD/GAL or 0.74% to 3.4042 The above data was collected around 14:55 EST on Wednesday l Top commodity gainers: Natural Gas (7.02%), Coffee(2.26%), Orange Juice (2.76%) and Butter (1.94%) l Top commodity losers: Lumber (-4.99%), Cheese (-10.05%), Milk (-10.56%) and Gasoline (-5.04%) The above data was collected around 15:05 EST on Wednesday. BONDS: Japan 0.189%(+1.4bp), US 2’s 3.10% (+0.019%), US 10’s 2.7464% (+0.54bps); US 30’s 2.98% (-0.008%), Bunds 0.8740% (+9.2bp), France 1.4400% (+6.1bp), Italy 3.023% (-0.8bp), Turkey 16.81% (-19bp), Greece 3.046% (+8.9bp), Portugal 1.914% (+4.6bp); Spain 1.984% (+5bp) and UK Gilts 1.9140% (+4.8bp). Original Article Original Article Here: Read the full article

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nftically · 3 years ago

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Is There a Future for NFT Crypto Coins in India?

Nft crypto coins are unique blockchain-based cryptographic tokens representing the value of some underlying tokenized real-world items. Tokenization of assets, i.e., physical art, entertainment content, real estate, etc., allows one to own, buy and sell a digital version of the tangible assets over various nft marketplaces. To learn more about NFTs, visit the website of NFTically.

In this article, we will discuss what lies ahead for NFT crypto coins in India.

Recently, NFTs have attracted considerable attention. The pandemic has adversely affected the Physical art marketplace. In this situation, NFTs are like a ray of hope for creators and artists trying to approach digital marketplaces and overcome traditional market hurdles.

How to create, buy and sell NFTs?

NFTs are created on the blockchain. NFTs can be made either through developers OR through third-party marketplaces. Platforms like NFTically allow you to create a store and launch your own NFT marketplace. Generally, NFTs are purchased through crypto-assets. Though, some platforms are allowing the purchase through credit and debit cards as well.

In India, you can buy nfts of platforms such as NFTically, wazirX, and many others through crypto wallets or cryptocurrencies. These platforms act as digital middlemen.

NFTs in India:

Recently, Amitabh Bachchan became the first Indian to roll out an NFT of his collections. After which, many celebrities and other artists as well trailed the same path and issued their nfts. Despite these overwhelming responses to nfts, the concept of nfts is still at a very early stage, earlier even than the cryptocurrencies.

Legality around NFTs in India:

There isn't any prohibition on the purchase and sale of NFTs in India, neither is there any law regulating the operations of nft purchase and sale. The absence of any definition explaining nft makes it even more complicated. Exclusive definitions distinguishing between nfts and cryptocurrencies would lessen the ambiguities surrounding nfts. Often, people confuse nfts for cryptocurrencies which is not correct. Cryptocurrencies are identical and can be substituted as a medium of exchange, whereas nfts are unique cryptographic tokens having no substitutes.

Some issues relating to nfts:

1. Regulating nfts and their cross-border transactions- Introduction of overhauled cryptocurrency bill of 2019 "Banning of Cryptocurrency & Regulation of Official Digital Currency Bill" in the monsoon session of parliament might make things clear. Cross-border transactions are regulated under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 ("FEMA"), which remains silent on NFTs. However, financial experts have highlighted that nfts may be considered intangible assets like intellectual properties.

2. Intellectual property rights and NFTs-

Concerning the underlying agreement, the mere ownership of nft may not confer the IPR/copyrights of the underlying asset. Which may render the owner of "nft" unable to distribute copies, publicly perform, display the art. These rights would remain with the owner of copyrights. The NFT industry would want to find solutions for these issues to create more clarity about the safety and security of NFTs.

3. NFTs and taxation-

Under the Indian taxation system, NFTs would be classified based upon the characteristics of underlying assets for taxation purposes. For instance, an NFT of digital art would be considered as an "intangible asset" or "goods" for income tax and Goods and service tax (GST), respectively. Cross-border digital transactions of NFTs would involve additional tax issues.

4. Energy consumption of NFTs and cryptocurrencies-

Blockchain networks are infamous for enormous energy consumption. It has been claimed that NFTs are partially responsible for millions of tons of carbon emissions. Some experts have cited NFT technology as an "ecological nightmare pyramid scheme." One needs to make informed decisions related to this issue only after tracking estimates of carbon footprints from marketplaces.

5. NFTs as securities-

Depending upon the underlying asset, it would be determined whether an NFT is a security or not. For instance, an NFT digitally representing a company share would be classified as a security as per Indian security laws. At the same time, an NFT representing a piece of art would be considered as a title certificate to that piece of art. Hence, it is imperative to understand that mere ownership of an NFT doesn't imply legal ownership of the underlying asset.

An ecosystem with sound computing technology would help in the better development of NFTs. Given the expertise of India in computing technology and the indications of crypto spearheading technological transformations, the country might gain substantially from exploiting the crypto technology space.

An optimal regulatory structure with appropriate regulatory guidelines would foster innovation and minimize the risk associated with NFTs.

#nftartcoins #NFTs #NFTically #amitabhbachchan #NFTMarketplace

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novelemporium4 · 3 years ago

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Autographs for Sale India | Autographs of India

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novelemporiumauction · 1 year ago

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Portuguese Coins Sale on Online

Introduction

Portuguese coins have a rich history that spans several centuries. They reflect the country's cultural heritage, economic development, and political events. Portuguese coins have evolved over time, incorporating various designs and motifs that represent the nation's identity. The first Portuguese coins were introduced during the reign of Afonso Henriques, the first King of Portugal, in the 12th century. These early coins were influenced by Roman and Moorish currencies and featured religious symbols, including crosses and crescents. During the 20th century, Portugal transitioned from a monarchy to a republic, and its coins reflected these changes. The escudo became the national currency, and various denominations were issued with images of historical figures, national landmarks, and important events.

The history of Portuguese coins

dates back to ancient times, with the region known as Portugal having been inhabited for thousands of years. However, for the purposes of this response, I will focus on the history of Portuguese coins from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal in the 12th century to the present day.

Afonso Henriques (1139-1185):

The first Portuguese coins were minted during the reign of Afonso Henriques, the first King of Portugal. These coins were mainly small silver coins known as "morabitinos" and were modeled after the Muslim dinars and Christian pennies of the time.

Dinheiro and Ceitil (12th-15th centuries):

During the medieval period, Portugal used the Dinheiro as its main unit of currency. Dinheiros were small copper coins and were the most common denomination. Another coin called the Ceitil, made of silver, was also used. These coins went through various design changes over the centuries.

Real (15th century):

In the 15th century, King João II introduced a new coin called the Real, which was made of gold. The Real became the official currency of Portugal and remained in circulation for several centuries. It was highly regarded and respected as a stable currency.

Cruzado and Escudo (16th-20th centuries):

In the 16th century, the Cruzado, a silver coin, was introduced as the new currency. It had a cross on one side and a Portuguese shield on the other. The Cruzado was later replaced by the Escudo in the early 20th century, which became the official currency of Portugal until the introduction of the Euro.

Euro (2002-present):

Portugal adopted the Euro as its official currency on January 1, 2002, along with several other European Union member states. Since then, Portugal has used Euro coins and banknotes, which are standardized across the eurozone.

It's important to note that this is just a brief overview of the history of Portuguese coins. Over the centuries, Portugal minted numerous coin denominations, each with its own unique designs and historical significance. Coin collectors and numismatists can delve deeper into the subject to explore the wide variety of Portuguese coins issued throughout history.

Portuguese coins offer several advantages, both practical and historical. Here are some advantages of Portuguese coins:

Durability: Portuguese coins are typically made from high-quality materials like copper, bronze, and nickel-plated steel, which makes them durable and long-lasting. They can withstand wear and tear, ensuring that they remain in circulation for extended periods.

Design and Aesthetics: Portuguese coins often feature intricate and visually appealing designs. They showcase important elements of Portuguese culture, history, and national symbols, making them attractive to collectors and enthusiasts of numismatics (the study and collection of coins).

Historical Significance: Portuguese coins carry a rich historical legacy. Portugal has a long and storied history, and its coins reflect different periods and rulers throughout the centuries. Collecting Portuguese coins can provide a fascinating insight into the country's past and serve as a tangible connection to historical events.

Collectible Value: Due to their historical significance and aesthetic appeal, Portuguese coins can be sought after by collectors. Rare or limited-edition coins can have significant collectible value, making them potentially lucrative investments.

Cultural Representation: Portuguese coins often depict important cultural and historical figures, landmarks, or events, serving as symbols of national pride and identity. They contribute to preserving and promoting Portuguese heritage both domestically and internationally.

Economic Stability: The use of national currency, such as Portuguese coins, promotes economic stability within a country. They facilitate daily transactions, are easily recognizable, and foster trust in the monetary system.

Accessibility: Portuguese coins come in different denominations, catering to various transactional needs. Having a range of coins available makes it convenient for individuals to pay exact amounts or make small purchases without relying solely on banknotes.

Souvenir and Gift Options: Portuguese coins can make unique and meaningful souvenirs or gifts. They offer a tangible memento of a trip to Portugal or a connection to Portuguese heritage, making them a thoughtful choice for collectors, travelers, or individuals with an interest in history and culture.

It's worth noting that while Portuguese coins have these advantages, the broader trend in many countries is shifting towards digital and cashless transactions. Nonetheless, coins remain an essential part of the monetary system and possess intrinsic value beyond their face value.

Conclusion

the history of Portuguese coins spans many centuries, reflecting the evolution of the Kingdom of Portugal and its economic development. From the early silver and copper coins minted during the medieval period to the introduction of the Real, Cruzado, Escudo, and ultimately the adoption of the Euro, Portuguese coins have been an integral part of the country's monetary system.

#World Wide Coins #world coins for sale in india #coins of queen elizabeth #foreign coins for sale in india #coin collectors in india #coin collections for sale in india

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hauntedsheepwhispers · 3 years ago

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The Global Tool Steel Market is projected to reach USD 7.69 billion by 2028 at a CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period.

Steel is made from alloying carbon and iron. However, for advanced applications, other elements such as chromium, vanadium, etc. are added to achieve some beneficial properties that are ideal for use in various tools and hence, are called tool steels. The properties include hardness and resistance to deformation and abrasion even at high speeds and temperatures. Tool steels are used for cutting, extruding, pressing, and coining of metals and other materials. Tool steels are considered to be the hardest type of steel.

Get Full Informative Report: https://www.quincemarketinsights.com/industry-analysis/tool-steel-market?utm_source=SBM&utm_medium=SA&utm_id=SA

Company profiled in this report based on Business overview, Financial data, Product landscape, Strategic outlook & SWOT analysis: Sandvik, Voestalpine, Schmolz+Bickenbach, Fushun Special Steel, Nachi-Fujikoshi, Hitachi, Dongbei Special Steel Group, Tiangong International, Hudson Tool Steel, ERAMET, and Kennametal

Key Factors Impacting Market Growth:

o Growing demand for forged metals from factory automation, automotive, aerospace & defense industries

o Increasing manufacturing activities, owing to the increase in foreign investments and favorable government policies

o Ability to retain properties at high temperatures

o Increasing demand for punching & cutting instrument manufacturing

o Increasing application in the injection molding process

o Growing construction activities in the Asia Pacific region due to rapid urbanization

Regional segmentation and analysis to understand growth patterns: The market has been segmented in major regions to understand the global development and demand patterns of this market. By region, the Tool Steel market has been segmented in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and South America. The North America and Western Europe regions are estimated to register a stable demand during the forecast period with market recovery from recent slowdowns.

North America region includes the US, Canada, and Mexico. The US is estimated to dominate this market with a sizeable share followed by Canada, and Mexico. The industrial sector is a major contributor to the US and Canada economies overall. Hence, the supply of advanced materials in production activities is critical to the overall growth of industries in this region.

Europe region is dominated by Germany, the UK, France, Italy, and Spain. These countries also have a strong influence on the industrial sector resulting in sizeable demand for the Tool Steel market. Asia Pacific is estimated to register the highest CAGR by region during the forecast period. The presence of some of the high growth economies such as China and India is expected to propel the demand in this region. Besides, this region has witnessed strategic investments by major companies to increase their market presence. The Middle East and Eastern Europe are estimated to be other key regions for the Tool Steel market with a strong market potential during the forecast period. The rest of the World consisting of South America and Africa are estimated to be emerging markets during the forecast period.

Click here to get sample of the premium report: https://www.quincemarketinsights.com/request-sample-58723?utm_source=SBM&utm_medium=SA&utm_id=SA

Objectives of this report: • To estimate the market size for the Tool Steel market on a regional and global basis. • To identify major segments in the Tool Steel market and evaluate their market shares and demand. • To provide a competitive scenario for the Tool Steel market with major developments observed by key companies in the historic years. • To evaluate key factors governing the dynamics of the Tool Steel market with their potential gravity during the forecast period.

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#Tool Steel Market Tool Steel Market size Tool Steel Market Share

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classyfoxdestiny · 3 years ago

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Business news live - The Hindu

2:05 P.M.

China regulator approves establishment of state pension company

China’s banking and insurance regulator said it had approved the establishment of a state pension company to boost funds for its citizens’ retirement as the country faces mounting pressures from an aging population, Reuters reported.

China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) approved on Sept. 2 the plan for 17 bank-affiliated wealth management units, insurers and state institutions to jointly set up the state pension company with registered capital of 11.15 billion yuan ($1.73 billion), according to a statement on the regulator’s website on Wednesday.

1:59 P.M.

Cabinet did not take up proposal for telecoms relief measures

India’s cabinet did not take up proposals on Wednesday for providing financial relief to the country’s cash-strapped telecoms sector, a government source said, according to Reuters.

The cabinet was widely expected to take a decision on a so-called relief package for the telecoms industry, which would have helped all wireless carriers but especially the embattled Vodafone Idea.

1:54 P.M.

JPMorgan to buy major stake in Volkswagen’s payments unit

JPMorgan has struck a deal to buy a majority stake in German car giant Volkswagen’s payments business ahead of a planned rollout of in-car technology that allows drivers to automatically pay for fuel or tolls.

The U.S. bank has agreed to buy close to 75% of Volkswagen Payments S.A. for an undisclosed sum, subject to regulatory approvals, Reuters reported.

1:47 P.M.

Tesla sold 44,264 China-made vehicles in August

U.S. electric vehicle maker Tesla Inc in August sold 44,264 China-made vehicles, including 31,379 for export, the China Passenger Car Association (CPCA) said on Wednesday.

CPCA said passenger car sales in August in China totalled 1.5 million, down 14.7% from a year earlier, Reuters reported.

1:45 P.M.

India considering foreign institutional investment of up to 20% in LIC IPO

Indian government is considering allowing foreign institutional investment of up to 20% in Life Insurance Corporation, according to a government source, Reuters reported.

The listing of LIC is set to be India’s biggest ever IPO, with the government aiming to raise up to 900 billion Indian rupees ($12.24 billion) from its stake sale.

1:02 P.M.

India’s economic growth will remain strong in coming quarters: S&P

India’s economic growth will remain strong in the coming quarters while inflation in Asia’s third largest economy is likely to remain at elevated levels, analysts at Standard and Poor’s said on Wednesday.

S&P said the next rating action on India will depend on the pace of recovery over the next 24-month period. S&P has a ‘BBB-‘ rating with a stable outlook on India, Reuters reported.

12:59 P.M.

First Abu Dhabi Bank hires new head of investment banking from HSBC

First Abu Dhabi Bank, the United Arab Emirates’ largest lender, has hired Martin Tricaud as head of investment banking, sources said.

Tricaud was previously chief executive officer for the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey region at HSBC, Reuters reported.

12:51 P.M.

Maruti Suzuki reports 8% dip in production in August

The country’s largest carmaker Maruti Suzuki India on Wednesday said its total production in August declined by 8% on a yearly basis to 1,13,937 units as semiconductor shortage impacted its manufacturing schedules.

The company had produced a total of 1,23,769 units in the year-ago period, Maruti Suzuki India (MSI) said in a regulatory filing, according to a PTI report.

12:44 P.M.

Sansera Engineering IPO to open on Sep 14; price band set at ₹734-744/share

Auto component maker Sansera Engineering on Wednesday said it has fixed a price band of ₹734-744 a share for its ₹1,283-crore initial share-sale.

The IPO will open for public subscription on September 14 and close on September 16. The bidding for anchor investors will open on September 13, the company said.

The initial public offering (IPO) is entirely an offer for sale (OFS) of 17,244,328 equity shares by promoters and investors, PTI reported.

12:32 P.M.

India to give $3.5 billion in revised clean tech scheme for automakers

India will give about $3.5 billion in incentives to auto companies over a five-year period under a revised scheme to boost the manufacturing and export of clean technology vehicles, Reuters reported, citing two sources familiar with the latest proposal.

The government’s original plan was to give about $8 billion to automakers and part manufacturers but, the scheme was redrawn to focus on companies that build electric and hydrogen fuel-powered vehicles, the report noted.

A government official with direct knowledge of the matter said the initial allocation over the five-year period has been reduced but that up to $8 billion could be made available if the scheme is successful, initial funds are spent, and certain conditions are met.

12:14 P.M.

EV maker Ultraviolette Automotive to invest ₹500 crore to scale up business

Electric two-wheeler maker Ultraviolette Automotive Pvt Ltd will invest ₹500 crore in the next three to five years to scale up business, including setting up of a new manufacturing unit and product development, according to top company officials.

The company, in which TVS Motor Company is an investor, is setting up its manufacturing and assembling facility near Electronics City, Bengaluru, from where it will start producing its high-performance electric motorcycle – the F77 in the first quarter of 2022, a PTI report noted.

In the first year, the company said it will produce 15,000 electric motorcycles and will scale up to an annual capacity of 1.2 lakh units.

11:59 A.M.

Bitcoin nurses losses in wake of El Salvador’s glitched rollout

Bitcoin nursed losses Wednesday after plunging amid El Salvador’s troubled rollout of the largest cryptocurrency as legal tender, according to a Bloomberg report.

The virtual coin was trading at about $45,474, having slid as much as 17% a day earlier before paring some of the losses. The downdraft also swept across tokens such as Ether and Dogecoin, the report noted.

Tuesday’s selloff is the most significant break in a rebound that had lifted Bitcoin almost 75% since late July. Overall cryptocurrency market value fell about $300 billion in the past 24 hours, according to tracker CoinGecko.

11:40 A.M.

Toshiba says detailed talks on buyouts meaningful only after option review

Toshiba Corp said detailed talks on potential take-private deals would make sense only after all strategic options are carefully reviewed, spurning calls from some shareholders to start soliciting buyout bids.

But the latest process is not meant to formally solicit buyout bids for the overall company or some of its assets, puzzling some investors who have questioned why the company has not started an official soliciting process, Reuters reported, citing sources.

11:13 A.M.

SEC threatens to sue Coinbase over crypto lending programme

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has threatened to sue Coinbase Global Inc if the crypto exchange goes ahead with plans to launch a programme allowing users to earn interest by lending crypto assets, according to a Reuters report.

The SEC has issued Coinbase with a Wells notice, an official way it tells a company that it intends to sue the company in court, Coinbase CLO Paul Grewal, said in a blog post. He said Coinbase would delay the launch of its ‘Lend’ product until at least October as a result.

10:54 A.M.

Rupee plunges 23 paise to 73.65 against U.S. dollar in early trade

The Indian rupee plunged 23 paise to 73.65 against the U.S. dollar in opening trade on Wednesday, tracking a strong American currency and muted trend in domestic equities, a PTI report noted.

At the interbank foreign exchange, the rupee opened at 73.48 against the dollar, then fell to 73.65, registering a decline of 23 paise from the last close.

10:45 A.M.

VAHDAM India raises ₹174 crore from IIFL AMC, others

Premium tea and wellness products maker VAHDAM India has raised ₹174 crore from investors, including IIFL AMC’s private equity fund, to expand its business globally and enter new categories, PTI reported.

The series D round of funding also saw participation from existing investors, which include a consortium of Sixth Sense Ventures affiliates, the Mankind Group Family Office, Infosys Founder Kris Gopalkrishnan’s Family Office, Urmin Group and White Whale Ventures.

10:30 A.M.

OYO increases authorised share capital to ₹901 crore

Oravel Stays Pvt Ltd, that operates hospitality firm OYO, has approved an increase in the authorised share capital of the company from ₹1.17 crore to ₹901 crore, according to a regulatory filing by the hospitality firm.

The development comes ahead of proposed initial public offering (IPO) by OYO, for which a draft red herring prospectus is likely to be filed in the next few months, PTI reported, citing sources familiar with the matter.

10:22 A.M.

Apple to hold event on Sept 14, new iPhones expected

Apple Inc said on Tuesday it would hold a special event on Sept. 14, which most industry watchers believe will be used to unveil a new line of its flagship iPhones.

10:11 A.M.

Intel to invest up to 80 billion euros in boosting EU chip capacity: CEO

Intel on Tuesday said it could invest as much as 80 billion euros in Europe over the next decade to boost the region’s chip capacity and will open up its semiconductor plant in Ireland for automakers.

Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger, speaking at Munich’s IAA auto show, also said the company would announce the locations of two major new European chip fabrication plants by the end of the year.

10:01 A.M.

Crypto not currency; needs to be regulated as asset: ex-RBI DG Gandhi

Former RBI Deputy Governor R. Gandhi on Tuesday made a case for treating and regulating crypto as a separate asset class with a view to enabling governments around the world to effectively deal with illegal activities associated with virtual currencies.

After quite a lot of debate over the years, he said, people have fully understood that crypto cannot be a currency because the fundamental element of a currency— that it should be a legal tender— is missing in this case.

9:46 A.M.

RBI enhances scope of tokenisation to ensure security of card data

In a bid to ensure security of card data, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has enhanced the scope of tokenisation and permitted card issuers to act as token service providers, PTI reported.

The RBI extended the device-based tokenisation to card-on-file tokenisation services, a move that will bar the merchants from storing actual card data, the report noted.

It said the decision will reinforce the safety and security of card data while continuing the convenience in card transactions.

9:32 A.M.

Govt. mulls allowing SEZ occupants to sell locally

The government is considering a proposal to allow producers in Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to sell their output to the domestic market without treating them as imports. It is also reviewing the exclusion of export-oriented units and SEZs from the recently notified tax refund scheme for exports.

9:19 A.M.

Indian benchmark indices open on flat note

Indian indices opened on a flat note on Wednesday amid tepid cues from global markets. BSE Sensex opened at 58,350.56, up 71.08 points, while Nifty opened at 17,375.75, up 13.65 points.

On Tuesday, the 30-share BSE Sensex settled 17.43 points or 0.03% lower at 58,279.48, while the broader NSE Nifty fell 15.70 points or 0.09% to 17,362.10.

9:09 A.M.

Oil climbs amid slow supply return after Hurricane Ida

Oil prices rose on Wednesday, paring overnight losses, with producers in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico struggling to restart operations nine days after Hurricane Ida swept through, a Reuters report noted.

Brent crude futures inched up 0.2%, to $71.83 a barrel, while U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures rose 0.4%, to $68.62 a barrel.

9:00 A.M.

Asian shares on edge in choppy trading

Asian shares hovered just off six-week highs on Wednesday, as a more risk-averse mood spread into the market from the United States overnight due to worries about slowing growth that hurt equities, Reuters reported.

MSCI’s broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan fell 0.13% having posted gains, if sometimes small, for 11 of the last 12 sessions.

Japan’s Nikkei reversed early losses and was last 0.82% higher, Australia slipped 0.32%, Chinese blue chips fell 0.04%, and the Hong Kong benchmark gained 0.12%.

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israelyahc668 · 3 years ago

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Currency Modifications As well as additionally Best Modification Fees

Following are forex change calculator and the details of change charges between U.S. When valuing forex of a foreign nation that makes use of multiple change rates, use the speed that applies to your specific facts and circumstances. The solely exception relates to some qualified enterprise items , that are generally allowed to make use of the forex of a international nation. Whenshopping US stores online from different international locations, you should know the way much an item prices in your foreign money, not simply the USD listed on the retailer’s web site. It’s simple -- simply select your nation's foreign money and enter the dollar quantity you would like to convert.

Why Kuwait is dangerous?

Health hazards in Kuwait

However, there are still unexploded munitions, including landmines in many rural areas, at beaches and recreational sites. People have been injured after picking up metal or plastic objects. Being a Gulf state Kuwait often experiences extremely high temperatures.

To stay secure in the international exchange market, the Reserve Bank of India adjusts home liquidity by way of bank price, cash reserve ratio, repo rate, and the sale & purchase of forex. Another, method of sustaining a hard and fast exchange price is by merely making it unlawful to commerce foreign money at another price. This methodology isn't used as a result of it is tough to implement and infrequently leads to a black market in international foreign money. Some countries, corresponding to China within the Nineties, are highly profitable at using this technique as a result of authorities monopolies over all money conversion. Roughly speaking, an exchange rate is all the time a worth of one currency in one other.

Indian Rupee

The forex is used in 19 of the 28-member states of the European Union. The zones in which this forex is used is called the eurozone. The euro is the second largest and second most traded forex in the forex market after the United States greenback. Needless to say, the Indian Rupee is not the world’s most valued foreign money when it comes to exchange price neither is it the weakest. While it's stronger than some currencies, others are stronger than it.

Investors and remitters of funds who're exposed to it should monitor their movement to make the most of the fluctuations. With $79 Billion, India was the highest recipient of remittances in 2018! By the sheer magnitude of the business alone, the Remittance trade of India attracts many players making it some of the competitive markets on the earth. Be certain to look out for offers and coupons supplied by totally different money transfer if you ship money online.

Eur

The forex is out there both in coins and banknotes and its issuance and control are carried out by the Central Bank of Oman. According to The World Factbook, the inflation rate of the Omani rial is put at 4.1 p.c. If you'll daily updates, you presumably can follow us on Twitter @compareremit.

Worst efficiency of INR was in yr 2011 when Indian forex was depreciated towards 135 currencies.

However, not all of the currencies have equal energy or value; some are stronger and trade frequently within the overseas trade markets.

The portrait of Queen Elizabeth II has been on the money of 33 completely different international locations.

The following list incorporates all presently legitimate currencies.

Therefore, they cannot purchase items from another nation using the local currencies.

On the other hand, if the EUR/MXN rate is 17.70 instead, 17.70 Mexican pesos are required to buy one euro.

In addition to service tax, schooling cess of 2% on the tax can be applicable. The minimal and the maximum quantity per transaction are $100 and $5000.The switch may be tracked on-line. The Currency System family of software and providers is licensed to make use of official ISO 4217 foreign money codes, printed by the International Organization for Standardization. The codes covered by this commonplace, as properly as the registered trademark "ISO", are the property of the International Organization for Standardization , and are used beneath license.

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