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nursingscience · 1 year ago

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Medical Knowledge

500 MOST COMMONs...

1. Most common aortic branch involved in Takayasu arteritis : Left subclavian

2. Most common cause of respiratory distress in newborn : Transient tachypnea of the newborn

3. Most common location to see Asbestosis sequale : Posterior lower lobes.

4. Most common karyotype / chromosomal abnormality in USA : Down’s syndrome

5. Most common osseous lymphoma, primary and secondary : Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

6. Most common primary malignant orbital tumor in childhood : Rhabdomyosarcoma

7. Most common type of fluid collection in scrotum : Hydrocele

8. Most common type of liposarcoma to affect children : Myxoid liposarcoma

9. Most common abdominal emergency of early childhood : Intussusception.

10. Most common acetabular fracture : Posterior acetabulum.

11. Most common affected bowel segment in TB : Ileocecal area.

12. Most common affected joint in gout : First MTP.

13. Most common AIDS-related neoplasm : Kaposi Sarcoma

14. Most common allergic aspergillosis syndrome : Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

15. Most common anatomic variant of pancreas : Pancreas divisum

16. Most common anomalous course of RCA : Interarterial

17. Most common appearance of Legionella at the peak of the disease : Bilateral airspace consolidation.

18. Most common assoc. w/ Fx of great toe distal phalanx with physeal involvement :Osteomyelitis.

19. Most common associated anomaly with coarctation : Bicuspid valve.

20. Most common association of PAPVR : Sinus venosus type ASD.

21. Most common association with small left colon syndrome : Maternal DM

22. Most common bacterial cause of mesenteric adenitis : Yersinia enterocolitica.

23. Most common benign cardiac rhythm abnormality : PAC

24. Most common benign cartilage-containing tumor : Osteochondroma

25. Most common benign growth of the skeleton : Osteochondroma

26. Most common benign hepatic lesion : Hemangioma

27. Most common benign hepatic tumor during fist 6 mo. of life : Infantile Hemangioendothelioma

28. Most common benign intraconal tumor of the orbit in adults : Cavernous hemangiomas.

29. Most common benign masses caused by asbestos exposure : Atelectatic Asbestos Pseudotumor

30. Most common benign mesenchymal tumor of kidney : AML

31. Most common benign mucosal tumor of the esophagus : Papilloma

32. Most common benign nasopharyngeal tumor : Juvenile angiofibroma.

33. Most common benign orbital tumor in childhood : Dermoid Cyst of Orbit

34. Most common benign ovarian neoplasm in young and middle-aged women (<45 years) :Mature teratoma

35. Most common benign radiation-induced tumor of the musculoskeletal system : Osteochondroma

36. Most common benign rib lesion in an adult : Fibrous dysplasia.

37. Most common benign soft-tissue tumor of the foot : Plantar fibromatosis

38. Most common benign soft-tissue tumor of vascular origin : Hemangioma

39. Most common benign solid tumor in women of childbearing age : Fibroadenoma

40. Most common benign testicular mass : Simple cyst

41. Most common benign tumor of spleen : Hemangioma

42. Most common benign tumor of the larynx : Squamous papilloma

43. Most common benign tumor of the lung : Hamartoma

44. Most common benign tumor of the small bowel : GIST

45. Most common benign vascular gastric tumor : Glomus tumor of stomach.

46. Most common bilateral testicular tumor : Lymphoma

47. Most common biliary complication s/p lap. cholecystectomy : Bile duct leak from cystic duct stump.

48. Most common biliary complication s/p liver transplantation : Obstruction/stenosis at anastomosis.

49. Most common bladder neoplasm in children younger than 10 years : Rhabdomyosarcoma

50. Most common bone to develop an osteochondroma : Femur (tibia second most common)

51. Most common brain anomaly on prenatal sonograms : Isolated Mild Ventriculomegaly

52. Most common breast tumor under age 25 years : Fibroadenoma

53. Most common cardiac manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematous : Pericarditis

54. Most common cardiac tumor in children : Rhabdomyoma.

55. Most common cardiac valvular tumor : Papillary fibroelastoma

56. Most common carpal dislocation : Transscaphoid perilunate dislocation.

57. Most common causative organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in adults : Strep. pneumoniae

58. Most common causative organism of neonatal pyogenic meningitis : E. coli

59. Most common cause for failure of dialysis graft : Fibrointimal hyperplasia : venous outflow stenosis.

60. Most common cause for late failure in lung transplant patient : Bronchiolitis obliterans

61. Most common cause for pulmonary edema : Left-sided heart disease

62. Most common cause non iatrogenic cause of small bowel obstruction : Hernia

63. Most common cause of a large choroid plexus cyst : Trisomy 18.

64. Most common cause of a large pleural fluid collection in the newborn period : Chylothorax

65. Most common cause of acute renal failure in children requiring dialysis : HUS

66. Most common cause of acute testicular pain in postpubertal male : Acute epididymitis

67. Most common cause of acute testicular pain in prepubertal male : Torsion

68. Most common cause of AIDS cholangiopathy : Cryptosporidium

69. Most common cause of an echogenic renal mass in a 3-month-old : Mesoblastic nephroma.

70. Most common cause of an intraorbital mass lesion in adult : Pseudotumor of Orbit

71. Most common cause of AS in Western world : Degenerative disease

72. Most common cause of bilateral breast edema : CHF.

73. Most common cause of bilateral echogenic renal cortex : Chronic glomerulonephritis.

74. Most common cause of biliary obstruction : Choledocholithiasis

75. Most common cause of bleeding between menstrual cycles : Endometrial hyperplasia.

76. Most common cause of bronchopneumonia : Staphylococcal

77. Most common cause of cancer deaths in males and females : Bronchogenic Carcinoma

78. Most common cause of cause of infectious esophagitis : Candida Esophagitis

79. Most common cause of cavitary (necrotic) pneumonia in a child : Strep pneum.

80. Most common cause of Charcot joints : Diabetes mellitus

81. Most common cause of CHF in a child : ALCAPA / aberrant left coronary artery

82. Most common cause of CHF in a neonate : Hypoplastic Left Heart.

83. Most common cause of chronic hydronephrosis in renal transplant : UV anastomosis stricture.

84. Most common cause of colonic obstruction in adults : Malignancy

85. Most common cause of colonic obstruction in the infant : Meconium plug syndrome in CF patients

86. Most common cause of colovesical fistula : Diverticulitis

87. Most common cause of congenital CNS infection : CMV.

88. Most common cause of congenital duodenal obstruction : Duodenal atresia.

89. Most common cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss : Giant vestibular aqueduct syndrome

90. Most common cause of cord ischemia : Thromboembolic disease

91. Most common cause of coronary artery aneurysm in USA : Atherosclerosis

92. Most common cause of coronary artery aneurysm Worldwide : Kawasaki

93. Most common cause of cyanosis in a child : Tetralogy of Fallot

94. Most common cause of cyanosis n newborn Transposition of great vessels

95. Most common cause of death in a severe pelvic fracture : Hemorrhage.

96. Most common cause of death in Ataxia –Telangiectasia : Respiratory failure.

97. Most common cause of death in Jeune syndrome : Respiratory failure

98. Most common cause of drop mets : Medulloblastoma

99. Most common cause of dwarfism : Achondroplasia

100. Most common cause of echogenic renal pyramids in children : Furosemide

101. Most common cause of ejaculatory duct obstruction : Mullerian duct cyst ?

102. Most common cause of endometriosis in girls <16 years of age : Obstructive müllerian duct anomalies

103. Most common cause of end-stage renal disease : Diabetic Nephropathy

104. Most common cause of epididymitis in males aged 15 to 35 years : Sexually transmitted diseases

105. Most common cause of esophageal rupture : Iatrogenic

106. Most common cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients <30 years of age : CF

107. Most common cause of facial hemipalsy : Bell palsy

108. Most common cause of false-positive V/Q scan for acute PE : Previous pulmonary embolism

109. Most common cause of fungal infection in AIDS patients : Cryptococcosis

110. Most common cause of gastrocolic fistula : Gastric ulcer.

111. Most common cause of heart failure in patients with COPD : Atherosclerotic heart disease

112. Most common cause of hemifacial spasticity is vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia.

113. Most common cause of hepatic calcifications : Infection

114. Most common cause of hydronephrosis in the newborn male : Ureteropelvic junction

115. Most common cause of hyperreflexive bladder : Spinal cord trauma

116. Most common cause of increased nuchal thickness : Downs syndrome

117. Most common cause of interstitial and airspace edema : CHF

118. Most common cause of intradiaphragmatic cyst :Extralobar sequestration

119. Most common cause of intraventricular hemorrhage :Disruption of the subependymal veins

120. Most common cause of intussusception in children >6 years : Lymphoma

121. Most common cause of large spherical pancreatic calcifications in children : Hereditary pancreatitis

122. Most common cause of left atrial dilatation : Mitral regurgitation.

123. Most common cause of leukokoria : Retinoblastoma.

124. Most common cause of liver metastasis : Colon.

125. Most common cause of lower extremity venous valve dysfunction : DVT.

126. Most common cause of lower GI bleeding : Diverticulosis.

127. Most common cause of malignancy of men in the world -- Bronchogenic Carcinoma

128. Most common cause of maternal peripartum death : Amniotic fluid embolism

129. Most common cause of membranous croup : Staph. Aureus.

130. Most common cause of microcolon: Meconium ileus.

131. Most common cause of mortality in ulcerative colitis : Toxic megacolon.

132. Most common cause of necrolytic migrating erythema : Glucagonoma

133. Most common cause of neonatal nasal obstruction : Choanal atresia.

134. Most common cause of Neonatal Pneumonia : Group B streptococcus.

135. Most common cause of neonatal respiratory distress in full term/postmature infants – Meconium aspiration

136. Most common cause of nephrocalcinosis in adults : Primary hyperparathyroidism

137. Most common cause of non-immune hydrops in USA : Cardiac anomaly

138. Most common cause of optic nerve enlargement : Optic nerve glioma

139. Most common cause of orbital calcifications : Retinoblastoma

140. Most common cause of orbital infection : Paranasal sinusitis

141. Most common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult female : Breast cancer

142. Most common cause of osteoblastic bone metastases in an adult male : Prostate cancer

143. Most common cause of osteolytic bone metastases in a child : Neuroblastoma

144. Most common cause of osteolytic bone metastases in an adult female : Breast cancer

145. Most common cause of osteolytic bone metastases in an adult male : Lung cancer

146. Most common cause of Osteomyelitis of spine : Penetrating direct trauma

147. Most common cause of pancreatic lipomatosis in children : CF

148. Most common cause of pleural eosinophilia : Air in the pleural space

149. Most common cause of pneumoperitoneum : Ruptured duodenal ulcer.

150. Most common cause of postpartum fever : Endometritis.

151. Most common cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei : Appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma

152. Most common cause of pseudoureterocele : Bladder tumor

153. Most common cause of pulmonary hypoplasia : Diaphragmatic hernia

154. Most common cause of pulmonary tumor embolus : Gastric carcinoma

155. Most common cause of recurrent hip disloc. s/p hip arthroplasty : Acetabular component malposition

156. Most common cause of reflux in child w/ non-duplicated collecting system: Short intramural ureter.

157. Most common cause of renal vein thrombosis in adults : Nephrotic syndrome

158. Most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy : Amyloid

159. Most common cause of round pneumonia in children : Streptococcus.

160. Most common cause of round pneumonia in children : Streptococcus

161. Most common cause of small bowel obstruction : Adhesions

162. Most common cause of squamous cell ca. in the renal pelvis : Chronic Infected stag horn calculus

163. Most common cause of stridor in neonate and young infant : Laryngomalacia

164. Most common cause of sudden cardiac death among young people Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

165. Most common cause of SVC syndrome : Bronchogenic carcinoma

166. Most common cause of testicular swelling : Hydrocele

167. Most common cause of the pulmonary-renal syndrome : Microscopic polyangitis.

168. Most common cause of the stripe sign on V/Q scan : COPD

169. Most common cause of thoracic outlet syndrome : Scalene anticus.

170. Most common cause of toxic mega colon : Pseudomembranous colitis.

171. Most common cause of tree in bud appearance on CT : Bronchiolitis

172. Most common cause of tricuspid stenosis : Rheumatic heart disease

173. Most common cause of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis : Malignant invasion

174. Most common cause of unilateral nonperfused lung on V/Q scan : Bronchogenic carcinoma

175. Most common cause of unilateral pulmonary edema : Prolonged unilateral dependent positioning

176. Most common cause of urinary obstruction in boys : posterior urethral valves

177. Most common cause of valvular heart disease in the United States : Degenerative

178. Most common cause of vascular ring : Double arch.

179. Most common cause of vertebra plana in children : EG

180. Most common cause requiring bronchial artery embolization : CF

181. Most common cause worldwide for cholangiocarcinoma : Clonorchis sinensis infestation

182. Most common cerebellar neoplasm in children : Medulloblastoma

183. Most common cerebral mass lesion in AIDS : Toxoplasmosis

184. Most common chest radiograph finding seen in pts with an acute PE : Atelectasis

185. Most common chest x-ray abnormality in the ICU : Atelectasis

186. Most common child abuse facture : Diaphyseal fracture,

187. Most common collagen disorder for a pleural effusion : SLE

188. Most common colonic polyp : Hyperplastic polyp

189. Most common colonic site for lymphoma : Cecum

190. Most common complication of ERCP : Pancreatitis

191. Most common complication of popliteal artery aneurysm : Distal ischemia (thrombosis/embolism)

192. Most common complication with IVC filters : DVT.

193. Most common component of mixed germ cell tumors : Embryonal Cell Carcinoma

194. Most common congenital abnormality of GI tract : Meckel’s diverticulum

195. Most common congenital anomaly of CNS in live births : Myelomeningocele

196. Most common congenital defect of CNS : Anencephaly.

197. Most common congenital head and neck cyst in a child : Thornwaldt cyst

198. Most common congenital heart disease : Bicuspid aortic valve.

199. Most common congenital intracranial tumor : Epidermoid or inclusion cyst

200. Most common congenital lesion of bile ducts : Choledochal Cyst

201. Most common congenital skeletal dysplasia : Achondroplasia.

202. Most common congenital solid tumor in the newborn : Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (1:40K live births)

203. Most common cranial nerve affected by a pituitary macroadenoma : CN VI.

204. Most common cranial nerve to be affected with schwannoma : VIII

205. Most common craniofacial malformation : Facial Clefting

206. Most common crystalline arthropathy : CPPD

207. Most common CT finding in bowel ischemia : Bowel wall thickening.

208. Most common cyanotic congenital heart malformation beyond neonatal period : TOF

209. Most common cyst of the jaw : Radicular cyst = Periapical cyst

210. Most common cystic lesion of prostate : Cystic degeneration of BPH

211. Most common cystic tumor of pancreas : Mucinous cystic neoplasm

212. Most common diffuse breast disorder : Fibrocystic disease of breast.

213. Most common diffuse gray matter degenerative disease : Alzheimer’s

214. Most common dislocated auditory ossicle longitudinal temporal bone fracture : Incus

215. Most common dislocation in adult : Glenohumeral.

216. Most common dislocation in child : Elbow.

217. Most common epididymal neoplasm : Adenomatoid tumor

218. Most common estrogenic ovarian tumor : Granulosa Cell Tumor

219. Most common etiology for chronic temporal lobe epilepsy : Ganglioglioma

220. Most common etiology for multiple small gastric polyps : Hyperplastic polyps.

221. Most common etiology for osteomyelitis : Staphylococcus aureus.

222. Most common etiology of bilaterally enlarged, hyperechoic kidneys in newborn infant : ARPKD.

223. Most common etiology of mesenteric adenitis : Viral

224. Most common etiology of pneumomediastinum : Alveolar rupture.

225. Most common etiology of rickets : Vitamin D deficiency.

226. Most common extra-adrenal site of pheochromocytoma : Organ of Zuckerkandl.

227. Most common extraaxial neoplasm of CNS : Meningioma

228. Most common extragonadal site of primary germ cell tumors : Anterior mediastinum.

229. Most common extrapulmonary site of tuberculosis : Urinary tract

230. Most common fetal cardiac anomaly seen on 4 chamber view US : AV canal defect (aka ECD)

231. Most common fibromatosis in childhood : Infantile Myofibromatosis

232. Most common finding of a tubal pregnancy seen on US images Adnexal mass separate from ovary

233. Most common finding of contralateral kidney in MCKD : Reflux

234. Most common fluid collection seen in transplant patients : Lymphoceles.

235. Most common form of aortic stenosis : Valvular

236. Most common form of carpal instability : DISI

237. Most common form of emphysema in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency : Panlobular emphysema

238. Most common form of emphysema in nonsmokers : Panlobular emphysema

239. Most common form of emphysema in smokers : Centrilobular emphysema

240. Most common form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : Asymmetric involvement of the interventricular septum

241. Most common form of skeletal dysplasia : Acquired skeletal dysplasia.

242. Most common form of systemic vasculitis in adults : Giant cell (temporal) arteritis

243. Most common fracture of forearm : Colles

244. Most common functional tumors of the ovary : Sex cord–stromal tumors

245. Most common fungal infection in AIDS : Cryptococcus.

246. Most common genitourinary organ affected by neurofibromas : Urinary bladder

247. Most common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production :Choriocarcinoma.

248. Most common germ cell tumor associated with excessive hCG production after choriocarcinoma : Dysgerminoma.

249. Most common GI neoplasm : Adenoma

250. Most common GI tract location for primary extranodal lymphoma : Stomach, usually NHL type.

251. Most common glial tumor in adults : Ependymoma

252. Most common glial tumor in NF 1 : JPA.

253. Most common glial tumor with microcalcifications : Oligodendroglioma

254. Most common gynecologic neoplasm : Uterine Leiomyoma

255. Most common hereditary hypercoagulable condition : Factor V Leiden

256. Most common hereditary leukodystrophy : Metachromatic leukodystrophy

257. Most common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with cavitation : Squamous

258. Most common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pancoast tumor : Squamous

259. Most common histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pleural effusion : Adenocarcinoma

260. Most common histologic type of lung cancer associated with asbestosis exposure : BAC

261. Most common histologic type of primary cutaneous lymphoma :T-cell lymphoma

262. Most common ILD to be found in association with collagen vascular disease : NSIP

263. Most common indication for percutaneous vertebroplasty : Osteoporosis.

264. Most common infection to cause cerebellar hypoplasia & migration anomalies : CMV

265. Most common infratentorial neoplasm in an adult : Metastases

266. Most common inherited disease among Caucasian Americans : CF

267. Most common internal enhancement pattern in DCIS with non mass like enhancement : Clumped enhancement

268. Most common intracranial for site of teratomas : Pineal region.

269. Most common intracranial presentation of TB : Tuberculous meningitis.

270. Most common intramedullary spinal neoplasm in adults : Ependymoma of Spinal Cord

271. Most common intramedullary tumor in children : Astrocytoma

272. Most common intramedullary tumor of adults : Ependymoma.

273. Most common intraocular neoplasm in childhood : Retinoblastoma

274. Most common intraorbital tumors found in adults : Cavernous hemangiomas.

275. Most common intrathoracic fetal anomaly : Congenital diaphragmatic Hernia

276. Most common intrathoracic foregut cyst : Bronchogenic Cyst

277. Most common intrauterine CNS infection : CMV

278. Most common intravascular venous tumor : Leiomyosarcoma of IVC

279. Most common in-utero renal tumor : Mesoblastic nephroma.

280. Most common invasive gynecologic malignancy : Endometrial malignancy

281. Most common islet cell tumor in MEN 1 : Gastrinoma

282. Most common islet cell tumor of the pancreas : Insulinoma.

283. Most common joint involved in synovial osteochondromatosis : Knee

284. Most common lesion to cause expansion of paranasal sinus : Mucocele

285. Most common lethal bone dysplasia : Osteogenesis imperfecta type II ?

286. Most common liver tumor after metastases : Hemangioma

287. Most common lobe affected in bronchial atresia : Left upper lobe.

288. Most common location for a cephalhematoma : Parietal

289. Most common location for a gastric diverticulum : Posterior wall of the gastric fundus.

290. Most common location for a pilocytic astrocytoma : Cerebellum

291. Most common location for a solitary myeloma of the bone : Thoracolumbar spine

292. Most common location for a synovial sarcoma : Knee

293. Most common location for a Tarlov cyst : Posterior rootlets of S2 + S3

294. Most common location for abdominal sarcoid involvement : Stomach

295. Most common location for atelectatic asbestos pseudotumor : Posteromedial & -lateral basal region of lower lobes

296. Most common location for chordomas : Sacral spine.

297. Most common location for gallbladder perforation : Fundus

298. Most common location for Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garré (sterile Osteomyelitis) : Mandible

299. Most common location for typhlitis : Cecum.

300. Most common location for well-differentiated liposarcoma : Thigh

301. Most common location in biliary tree for cholangiocarcinoma : Upper third/perihilar region.

302. Most common location in the spine for an osteochondroma : Cervical (C2) followed by thoracic T8

303. Most common location of a meningioma in the spine : Thoracic spinal cord

304. Most common location of a periurethral diverticulum in a female : Posterolateral.

305. Most common location of an ectopic pregnancy : Ampullary region of the fallopian tube.

306. Most common location of benign and malignant masses in breast : Upper outer quadrant

307. Most common location of bronchogenic carcinoma : Right upper lobe

308. Most common location of coarctation : Postductal beyond the origin of the left subclavian artery.

309. Most common location of coronary calcifications : LAD.

310. Most common location of DAI : Frontotemporal gray–white matter junction.

311. Most common location of GIST : Stomach.

312. Most common location of GU obstruction in a neonatal male : Ureteropelvic junction.

313. Most common location of intracranial dissection : Vertebral arteries.

314. Most common location of intraorbital abscess : Subperiosteal space on medial wall.

315. Most common location of intraventricular meningioma : Atrium of the lateral ventricle.

316. Most common location of oligodendroglioma : Frontal lobe.

317. Most common location of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma : Temporal lobes.

318. Most common location of pulmonary sequestration : Posterior medial lower.

319. Most common location of PVNS : Knee.

320. Most common location of sarcoidosis in spinal cord : Cervical.

321. Most common location of the biliary embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma : CBD

322. Most common location of triquetral fracture is dorsal avulsion

323. Most common location to find a lithopedion : Adnexae

324. Most common location to see intravertebral vacuum phenomenon (Kümmell Disease) : Thoracolumbar junction

325. Most common lung infection in HIV: Bacterial pneumonia

326. Most common lung mass : Granuloma

327. Most common lysosomal storage disorder : Gaucher’s disease

328. Most common malformation associated with callosal agenesis : Dandy-Walker malformation.

329. Most common malignancy of childhood : Leukemia.

330. Most common malignancy of parotid gland in adult : Mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

331. Most common malignant abdominal neoplasm in children 1–8 years old : Wilms Tumor.

332. Most common malignant bone tumor in children : Ewings

333. Most common malignant cause of bilateral global renal enlargement : Lymphoma.

334. Most common malignant neoplasm of diaphragm : Fibrosarcoma.

335. Most common malignant neoplasm of the spleen : Lymphoma.

336. Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm : Serous adenocarcinoma.

337. Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm : Serous cystadenocarcinoma.

338. Most common malignant primary bone tumor in young adults + children : Osteosarcoma

339. Most common malignant radiation-induced tumor of the musculoskeletal system : MFH

340. Most common malignant sex cord–stromal tumor : Granulosa cell tumor

341. Most common malignant testicular neoplasm : Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

342. Most common malignant tumor affecting ribs of children + adolescents : Ewings Sarcoma

343. Most common malignant tumor of the abdomen in patients with NF1 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

344. Most common malignant tumor of the duodenum : Adenocarcinoma.

345. Most common malignant tumor of the heart : Angiosarcoma

346. Most common malignant tumor of the small bowel : Carcinoid

347. Most common mammographic finding in DCIS : Microcalcifications

348. Most common mammographic finding in Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular Carcinoma : Architectural distortion.

349. Most common manifestation of asbestosis exposure : Pleural plaques

350. Most common manifestation of asbestos-related pleural disease : Pleural effusion

351. Most common manifestation of blunt chest trauma : Pulmonary contusion

352. Most common mass lesion of the cerebellopontine angle after acoustic schwannoma : Meningioma

353. Most common mediastinal germ cell tumor : Seminoma.

354. Most common mediastinal mass in a child between the ages of 6 & 12 years old : Lymphoma

355. Most common mediastinal neurogenic tumor : Schwannoma

356. Most common mesenchymal origin neoplasm of GI tract : GIST

357. Most common metabolic liver disease in children : Hepatic cirrhosis in homozygous alpha-1 Antitrypsin

Deficiency

358. Most common metastases to the spleen : Breast carcinoma

359. Most common metastasis to the heart : Melanoma

360. Most common metastatic cause of linitis plastica : Breast carcinoma

361. Most common metatarsal to have a stress fracture : Second metatarsal.

362. Most common missed type of breast cancer on mammography : Infiltrating/Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.

363. Most common mitral valve abnormality in the Western world : Non-rheumatic mitral valve disease.

364. Most common monodermal teratoma : Struma ovarii.

365. Most common motor neuron disease : ALS.

366. Most common MR imaging finding in DCIS : Non-masslike enhancement.

367. Most common mycotic pneumonia in an AIDS patient : Cryptococcus.

368. Most common natural outcome of the VSD : Spontaneous complete closure.

369. Most common neonatal cyanotic congenital heart malformation : TGV

370. Most common neonatal lesion of adrenal gland : Nontraumatic Adrenal Hemorrhage.

371. Most common neoplasm of conus medullaris : Myxopapillary Ependymoma of Spinal Cord.

372. Most common neoplasm of internal auditory canal / cerebellopontine angle : Vestibular Schwannoma.

373. Most common neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with NF1: Neurofibromas.

374. Most common nerve to be involved in tarsal tunnel syndrome : Posterior tibial nerve.

375. Most common nonepidemic meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent individuals in US : Herpes Encephalitis.

376. Most common nonepithelial malignant bladder tumor : Leiomyosarcoma.

377. Most common nonepithelial tumor in the colon : Lipoma.

378. Most common nonepithelial tumor of the bladder : Leiomyoma.

379. Most common nonglial primary tumors of the central nervous system : Meningiomas.

380. Most common nonlymphoproliferative primary malignant tumor of the spine in adults : Chordoma.

381. Most common nonlymphoproliferative primary malignant tumor of the spine in children : PNET.

382. Most common nontraumatic cause of acute limp in a child : Toxic synovitis.

383. Most common non-traumatic cause of facial nerve paralysis & hearing loss : CPA tumor.

384. Most common odontogenic mass : Odontoma= odontogenic hamartomatous malformation.

385. Most common of all alimentary tract duplications : Small Bowel Duplication Cyst.

386. Most common of cerebral vascular malformation : DVA.

387. Most common opportunistic infection in AIDS : Toxoplasmosis.

388. Most common organism involved in pancreatic abscess : E. Coli.

389. Most common organism of acute pyogenic meningitis in infants & children : N. meningitides.

390. Most common origin of cystic artery : Right hepatic artery.

391. Most common osteochondrodysplasia : Hereditary Multiple Exostoses

392. Most common ovarian neoplasm : Dermoid aka dermoid cyst = Mature cystic teratoma

393. Most common ovarian tumor-related morbidity : Bowel obstruction

394. Most common pancreatic abnormality in adult pt's with CF : Complete fatty replacement

395. Most common paraneoplastic disease associated with thymoma : Myasthenia gravis

396. Most common parasitic infection involving CNS in developing countries : Cysticercosis

397. Most common parotid disease in children : Mumps parotitis.

398. Most common pattern of bronchial arteries : Two left & one right bronchial artery

399. Most common pattern of enhancement at DE MR cardiac imaging : Patchy midwall enhancement with multiple

foci

400. Most common pattern of hepatic involvement of secondary lymphoma : Diffuse infiltrative

401. Most common pattern of spread in Gallbladder Carcinoma : Direct spread.

402. Most common pediatric glioma : JPA

403. Most common pediatric tumor causing isosexual precocious puberty in a girl : Granulosa cell tumor

404. Most common phakomatoses : NF1

405. Most common pineal tumor : Pineal Germinoma

406. Most common predisposing cause to develop pneumothorax during percutaneous lung biopsy : COPD

407. Most common predisposing disorder of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax : COPD

408. Most common pregnancy-related mortality in the first trimester Ectopic pregnancy

409. Most common presentation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis : Dyspnea

410. Most common presentation in stuck twin syndrome : Monochorionic diamniotic

411. Most common presentation of bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) : Solitary pulmonary nodule.

412. Most common presentation of GIST on cross sectional imaging : Cystic areas of necrosis.

413. Most common presentation of mesoblastic nephroma : Palpable mass at birth.

414. Most common presentation of neurocysticercosis : Seizures.

415. Most common presenting symptom of Osler Weber Rendu : Hemoptysis.

416. Most common primary benign mesenteric tumor : Desmoid.

417. Most common primary brain tumor : GBM.

418. Most common primary cardiac tumors in adults : Myxomas.

419. Most common primary cerebellar mass in an adult : Hemangioblastoma

420. Most common primary demyelinating disease : MS

421. Most common primary female urethral malignancy : Squamous cell carcinoma

422. Most common primary hepatic neoplasm in infants & children <5 years old : Hepatoblastoma

423. Most common primary intraocular neoplasm in adult Caucasian : Uveal Melanoma

424. Most common primary lung tumor under age 16 : Bronchial Adenoma

425. Most common primary malignant rib tumor : Chondrosarcoma

426. Most common primary malignant sacral tumor : Sacrococcygeal Chordoma

427. Most common primary malignant soft-tissue tumor of late adult life : Soft-tissue MFH

428. Most common primary neoplasm of the spleen : Cavernous hemangioma

429. Most common primary neoplasms of the anterior superior mediastinum Thymomas.

430. Most common primary posterior mediastinal neoplasms :Neurogenic tumors

431. Most common primary tumor of the diaphragm : Lipoma

432. Most common radiation-induced CNS tumor : Meningioma

433. Most common reason for cardiac transplantation : Dilated cardiomyopathy

434. Most common recognized CNS manifestation of VHL disease : Hemangioblastoma of CNS

435. Most common relevant finding on cavogram for IVC filter placement : Circumaortic left renal vein.

436. Most common renal fusion anomaly : Horseshoe kidney

437. Most common renal mass in a 3 months old infant : Mesoblastic nephroma

438. Most common respiratory cause of cold agglutinin production : Mycoplasma pneumonia

439. Most common retinal infection in AIDS : Toxoplasmosis

440. Most common right cardiophrenic angle mass : Epicardial fat-pad/lipoma

441. Most common segment involved in tracheobronchial injury : Right lower lobe bronchus.

442. Most common sex cord-stromal cell tumor : Ovarian Fibroma

443. Most common sign of failing dialysis graft : Increased venous pressures

444. Most common sign of tuberous sclerosis : Myoclonic seizures

445. Most common single cause of breast lumps in females between 35 to 55 years of age : Breast cyst

446. Most common site for an intracardiac papillary fibroelastoma : Aortic valve.

447. Most common site for aneurysm in the chest : Descending thoracic aorta.

448. Most common site for cardiac myxoma : Left atrium

449. Most common site for intra cardiac thrombus formation : Atrial appendage.

450. Most common site for optic melanoma metastases : Liver.

451. Most common site for penetrating aortic ulcers : Descending thoracic aorta

452. Most common site of abdominal involvement in Hodgkins disease : Spleen

453. Most common site of aortic dissection : Prox. Desc. Thoracic aorta near ductus lig. attachment

454. Most common site of biliary tract injury caused by blunt abdominal trauma : Gallbladder

455. Most common site of monostotic fibrous dysplasia : Ribs

456. Most common site of rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm : RV followed by RA.

457. Most common solid extracranial tumor of childhood : Neuroblastoma

458. Most common spermatic cord tumor : Lipoma

459. Most common spinal cord segment of lymphoma of spinal cord : Cervical

460. Most common spinal cord tumor : Ependymoma

461. Most common spinal location for cord astrocytoma : Thoracic

462. Most common spinal location for cord ependymoma : Cervical

463. Most common subcortical degenerative disease : Parkinson’s

464. Most common subglottic soft-tissue upper resp. tract obstructing mass in neonates : Subglottic Hemangioma

465. Most common submucosal tumor in colon : Lipoma

466. Most common subtype of NHL involving the esophagus : Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

467. Most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma : Clear cell adenocarcinomas

468. Most common suprasellar mass : Craniopharyngioma

469. Most common syndromic islet cell tumor : Insulinoma

470. Most common systemic allergic hypersensitivity-related acute small-vessel vasculitis in children : HSP

471. Most common systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised patients : Candidiasis Of Liver

472. Most common tarsal bone to get fractured : Calcaneus

473. Most common tarsal coalition : Talocalcaneal

474. Most common testicular tumor in a young boy : Yolk sac tumor

475. Most common tibial plateau fractures : Lateral tibial plateau (Schatzker classification type I–III)

476. Most common trigonal intraventricular mass in adulthood : Meningioma

477. Most common tumor of adenohypophysis : Pituitary Adenoma

478. Most common tumor of genitourinary tract : Metachronous TCC

479. Most common tumor of the appendix : Carcinoid

480. Most common tumor of the esophagus : Leiomyomas

481. Most common tumor of the minor salivary glands : Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

482. Most common type of abdominal wall hernia : Inguinal hernia

483. Most common type of ASD : Ostium secundum

484. Most common type of brain hernaition : anterior / uncal transtentorial

485. Most common type of brain herniation : Subfalcine herniation

486. Most common type of C2 fractures : Type 2

487. Most common type of cancer to arise from a thyroglossal duct cyst : Papillary carcinoma

488. Most common type of cardiomyopathy : Dilated cardiomyopathy

489. Most common type of choledochal cyst : fusiform dilatation of the extrahepatic duct Type 1c

490. Most common type of congenital internal hernia : Left paraduodenal hernia

491. Most common type of encephalocele in SE Asia: Sincipital Encephalocele

492. Most common type of encephalocele in US : Occipital Encephalocele

493. Most common type of endoleak in the abdominal aorta : Type II endoleak

494. Most common type of endoleak in the thoracic aorta : Type I endoleak

495. Most common type of fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal bone : Peroneus brevis avulsion fracture.

496. Most common type of gallbladder inflammation : Chronic cholecystitis

497. Most common type of internal hernia : Postoperative, transmesenteric hernias.

498. Most common type of intrapulmonary involvement of Hodgkins disease : Bronchovascular form.

499. Most common type of liver abscess : Pyogenic Liver Abscess

500. Most common type of lymphoma involving the head and neck region : Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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