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Transcripts from the Humanity Hotline 7

As I finished this, I discovered it's been exactly one year since I posted the last Transcript. A lot has happened in that year; I've graduated college :) . I want to thank everyone for the support I've received, and I hope to get back into some of my creative projects and give you guys an opportunity to laugh, and maybe learn something. This one is inspired by a request from @a-romantic-twst from forever ago; I hope it was worth the wait (sorry about that). (It's about periods if anyone's uncomfortable with that and wants to skip this one.)

------

Operator: "Hi, my name is Mindy. How may I help you today?"

Caller: "Hello, Mindy, I am very concerned about one of the humans on my ship."

O: "What seems to be the problem?"

C: "Well, I'm the chief medical officer and this particular human has been on the ship for just over two Earth months now. On two separate occasions during that time, she has requested strong painkillers citing 'Shark Week' as the reason. I looked into what 'Shark Week' is, and found an Earth television special about certain aquatic predators, and I'm unsure how that could cause a human physical pain lightyears from Earth?"

O: "Interesting, is there anything else you can tell me about this human during these events?"

C: "Yes, I've also received reports from other crewmembers around these events that this human is not as outgoing as usual, and shows signs of discomfort with facial expressions and changes in appetite, but does not respond well to the standard psychological protocols for team building and social connection."

O: "What about the timing? You said this has happened twice, correct? How much time was between them?"

C: "Yes, I've documented both with dates. The human requested the painkillers twice, 28 days apart. The crew reported signs of distress for a few days following each request, and two times in the day before the first request."

O: "Alright, I believe your human is using the phrase, "Shark Week" as a euphemism for the start of the menstrual cycle, which is often referred to as a 'period'. To put it simply, one of the female reproductive organs sheds its inner lining roughly once an Earth month, lasting anywhere from a few days to a full week."

C: "Similar to how the Rythyani shed and replace their stomach linings?"

O: "Yes, though the uterus has blood vessels that extend into that lining, so shedding also causes bleeding."

C: "Bleeding? How much blood is lost? Why has she not requested bandages or a transfusion?"

O: "For most, a period is not life-threatening. The amount of blood loss does not require a transfusion to replace, or bandages to stop, though iron deficiency may be a concern for some that can be easily remedied through their diet. Ultimately, your human will know her body and how to handle her cycle best. We learn to deal with periods from a relatively young age. You should have received a human anatomy and physiology textbook when the first human joined your crew. Do you have it?"

C: "Yes, though I do admit I have not yet had the time to read it."

O: "That's alright. The chapter on human reproductive systems goes into more detail about the biology of the menstrual cycle than I can tell you. For the time being, make sure your human knows that she can ask for support if needed, and inform your crew that not all humans will be happy all the time, and they don't need to be. Over time, you will gain a better understanding your humans' patterns. Until then, trust them to express their needs, and talk to them if you have specific concerns. I can give general advice, but they will know themselves best."

C: "Thank you for clearing up the confusion, Mindy, I will look into this and update the protocols as necessary. I have no more questions for you at this time."

O: "You are very welcome, please don't hesitate to call again if something else comes up."

End Transmission

[sierrawitch]

Menstrual Magick: The Goddess Within

by autumn sierra

*This is an original article written for educational purposes. Please do not plagiarize this work. You may reference it as you like with proper accreditation to the author. The author reserves the right to remove this article if deemed appropriate.*

᚛ᚇᚏᚐᚔᚑᚉᚆᚈ ᚋᚓᚅᚄᚈᚏᚒᚐᚂ᚜

Table of Contents

Introduction

Anatomy & Physiology

Two Cycles

The Sacred Nature of the Infradian Rhythm

Healing Your Cycle: Negative Influences [EDCs, Reproductive Conditions]

Healing Your Cycle: Positive Change [Diet, Herbs & Seeds, Movement, Personal Care]

Menstrual Blood in Spells & Ritual

Resources

Citations

᚛ᚇᚏᚐᚔᚑᚉᚆᚈ ᚋᚓᚅᚄᚈᚏᚒᚐᚂ᚜

Introduction

   It’s become common in western culture—and perhaps in most cultures around the world—for women to hide their bleeding or feel shame surrounding their menstrual period. It’s so normalized, in fact, that most women will consult an OB/GYN for pain management or symptomatic aid and be given some form of contraception as a band-aid catchall. Regardless of what the underlying ailment may be, medical professionals aim to cover up the issue rather than digging deeper to heal the root cause.

   Because of this shame culture, women have been unable to embrace their cycles for generations upon generations; unable to harness the power of their natural rhythm in tune with earth and its own cycle. Not only have they lost that spiritual connection, but women of all ages are taught that menstruation inherently dooms women to a life of suffering, rather than being properly educated on the strengths of each phase of the cycle, as well as how to properly accommodate themselves at each phase.

    This article aims to re-empower women with educational information on the physiology of their cycles, how it relates to witchcraft, and how women can reconnect with the sacredness of their cycles without shame. It’s time for women to take their unique power back and truly reconnect with their rawest self.

Anatomy & Physiology

   To begin, let’s quickly review the anatomical make up of the female reproductive system as a refresher (surely high school health class was at least minutely thorough in this area). The organs and tissues directly involved in menstruation are located in the lower-abdominal and pelvic area of the body. These organs include:

ovaries

fallopian tubes

endometrium & uterus

cervix

vagina

Interestingly, what many women don’t realize is that there are various hormones involved in the physiology of the reproductive system as well. It’s easy to say “my hormones are so out of whack today!” without actually realizing if those hormones are truly out of sorts, or if they’re being actively combated by daily routine.

*Phases and how to accommodate them will be discussed later.

   It’s assumedly common knowledge that the main function of the menstrual period is to shed the uterine lining (endometrium) when a woman does not become pregnant within a given cycle. The main hormones in charge of this action are Estrogen (estradiol) and Progesterone.

*Additional hormones—Testosterone, LH and FSH—will be discussed later.

Take note of the intersecting lines near the end of this graph. This is a visual representation of hormone levels during menstruation. Progesterone—whose action is to prepare the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg—falls when a woman does not become pregnant. Similarly, Estrogen (estradiol)—whose action is to thicken the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized egg—also falls, signaling the shedding of the uterine lining [1]. It’s at this time that bleeding begins and typically lasts for 4-7 days until the cycle restarts again.

Two Cycles

   Up to this point, the words “cycle(s)” and “phase(s)” have been used quite a bit. But there hasn’t been any real depth of explanation as to what is meant by “phases” of a cycle, and what is meant by the title of this section. “Two cycles??” Yes. Contrary to their male counterparts who have only one static cycle, women have two biological cycles that are constantly shifting and changing. These cycles are known as:

Circadian Rhythm & Infradian Rhythm

   Circadian rhythm is one cycle with which most people are familiar. This rhythm is the one disrupted twice yearly for daylight savings time changes (if you are one of the 70 countries that participate). More plainly, it’s the shared daily cycle of waking and sleeping, and the hormonal changes during that 24 hour period. Everyone experiences the circadian rhythm and its regulation of:

core body temperature

immune system responses

general hormonal fluctuations

metabolic processes

cognitive function

mental and physical responses to stress [2]

   However, women additionally experience the infradian rhythm. This rhythm is a 26-34 day cycle which begins on the first day of menstruation during puberty, and repeats until just before menopause begins. The infradian rhythm also influences 6 different systems of the body:

brain

metabolism

immune system

microbiome

stress response

reproductive system [3]

   To make things even more specific, this infradian rhythm is split into 4 phases, each with their own strengths that women can take control of to influence their personal success in the home, in social groups, at work, etc.

The Sacred Nature of the Infradian Rhythm

   This section will go a bit more in depth into the 4 phases of the infradian rhythm, and how each phase reconnects women to the patterns of nature and the divine feminine.

Menstrual Phase (4-7 days long)

   Menstruation is the bleeding period associated with the new/dark moon, winter, dormancy, and reflection. During this phase, the right and left areas of the brain—responsible for creativity and analysis respectfully—are most closely aligned, allowing for well-informed decision making and clarity of intuition.

    This phase is also associated with the Witch archetype, usually an elderly woman living in a secluded area of nature. But don’t be fooled by the frailness of her age; she is quite powerful and influential, knowledgeable, wise, transformative, and deeply in tune with her creativity and intuition [4].

    As it was discussed earlier, Progesterone and Estrogen (estradiol) are at their lowest points during this phase, as well as all of the other reproductive hormones. Just like its alignments, it’s important to indulge in physical and mental rest during menstruation.

   Menstruation has been a time of seclusion for women around the world for centuries; and not just for oppressive reasons. In ancient times, cultures that revered women for their divine femininity respected and even celebrated menstruation. “Yurok, a native tribe from the northwest coast of the United States stratified by class, had a group of aristocratic women who saw their periods as a time for purifying themselves…and did a series of rituals during the cycle that they said was a period of their most heightened spiritual experience”[5].

   In some parts of Ghana, West Africa, young women sit under ceremonial umbrellas when they begin menstruating, the families giving them gifts and paying homage [5]. Ojibwe women in the indigenous Midwest of the United States seclude themselves in “moon lodges”, fasting from sexual intercourse, ritual practice, food preparation, and child rearing in order to cleanse their energies, meditate, and connect with the other women in their communities [6].

   The Philippines challenges the myth of menstrual blood being unclean by applying it to the face to prevent breakouts and inflammation of the skin. The blood of the endometrium is rich in nutrients and stem cells which may improve the health of skin [6]. Fresh blood is safe to use topically (and arguably internally), but large amounts collected should not be used once it has sat at room temperature for a long duration of time, as it can become foul like any other blood outside of the body.

Follicular Phase (5-6 days long)

   The follicular phase is associated with the waxing moon, spring, planning, curiosity, and problem-solving. During this phase, the brain is more wired for creativity and alertness as it enters a kind of “rebirth”.

    This phase is also associated with the Warrior Maiden archetype, a young woman in tune with personal strength. She is transformative, courageous, honorable, commands respect, and allows herself to fall into a more feminine/passive role with her partner without losing said strength [7].

    Estrogen (estradiol) and Serotonin—a neurotransmitter hormone that induces focus, emotional stability, happiness, and calmness—rise to bring about more social and verbal tendencies. Cortisol—the stress hormone—is low and energies are calm. Additionally, the aforementioned FSH hormone—follicle stimulating hormone responsible for the rise in Estrogen (estradiol)—sends signals for the follicles in the ovaries to begin developing the beginning of a new cycle.

Ovulatory Phase (5-6 days long)

   Ovulation is associated with the full moon, summer, confidence, socialization, and passion. During this phase, the brain is somewhat balanced again, with sharp intellect, creativity, and communication skills, making it the perfect time to engage with others and kickstart projects, as well as the integration of new ideas.

    This phase is also associated with the Mother archetype, a mature woman radiating harmony, spirituality, deep love, self sacrifice, and inherent strength. She is the giver and nurturer of life and presides over both the realm of the living and the dead, as the womb is a bridge between the physical and spiritual worlds [8].

    Estrogen (estradiol) skyrockets, providing high energy and high spirits. The rise in LH—luteinizing hormone responsible for signaling the release of an egg—notifies Progesterone and Estrogen (estradiol) to begin preparing and thickening the endometrium for implantation after the egg has been fertilized. At this point, Testosterone has also increased for enhanced sexual arousal, but drops suddenly to let Progesterone and Estrogen (estradiol) take over in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

Luteal Phase (10-15 days long)

   The luteal phase is associated with the waning moon, autumn, easy networking and socialization, and slowing down. During this phase, focus begins to turn inward with projects reaching the finishing stages. This is the perfect time to tie up loose ends and have everything taken care of before “winter” sets in again.

   This phase is also associated with the Enchantress archetype, who is a voyager to inner worlds, a prophet, and a dreamer. She urges the embracing of life’s surreal moments, and owns her personal sexual power. She is the embodiment of the feminine mystique with full trust in her intuition, and freely indulges in her seductive and pleasurable nature [9].

*Please indulge responsibly with a trusted partner!

    The ratio of Estrogen (estradiol) and Progesterone at this stage encourages very observant behavior, allowing the ability to pick up on subtleties in communication and behavior that may have been missed otherwise. Testosterone also rises slightly, once again enhancing sexual arousal in the former half of this phase. It eventually lowers again during the latter half in preparation for menstruation. With the endometrium lush for implantation, it awaits a fertilized egg to begin pregnancy. If successful, the menstrual cycle is halted here for the duration of the pregnancy. Otherwise, the cycle continues on to begin again.

Healing Your Cycle: Negative Influences

   It’s no secret that the (arguable) majority of women in our modern world are undereducated about their bodies, hormones, and cycles, leading to the notion that womanhood is a curse only to inflict pain while men have no issues with their bodies (also a false assumption). The reason for this conclusion is simple: pain equals punishment. Punishment for what? Existing, right? Wrong. The pain is not punishment, but a byproduct of blissful ignorance.

    Unbeknownst to many men and women alike, every single factor of their environment impacts the body and mind to a shocking degree that may not noticeably present itself. This leads people to believe that there are no underlying issues at play, when in fact the opposite is true. So, let’s take a look at what underlying issues or environmental factors can negatively impact the menstrual cycle.

Underlying Issues

   Many underlying issues impacting the menstrual cycle can be traced back to inherited genetics or developed hormonal imbalances. Reproductive disorders are major influences in the upset of the infradian rhythm. However, generally irregular cycles can be due to hormonal abnormalities in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or ovaries [14]. Listed are some examples and their characteristics.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

   PCOS is a reproductive and hormonal disorder affecting about 8-13% of reproductive aged women, and is associated with various long-term comorbid (linked) disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), high cholesterol, heart disease, and endometrial cancer [10]. This disorder is characterized by excess levels of Androgen—hormone responsible for kickstarting puberty, increasing libido and blood flow to reproductive organs, and increasing sexual gratification—causing enlarged ovaries with cysts presenting internally, externally, or both.

   Some symptoms of PCOS include “heavy, long, intermittent, unpredictable or absent periods; infertility [myth]; acne or oily skin; excessive hair on the face or body; male-pattern baldness or hair thinning; weight gain, especially around the belly area”[10].

*There are no known cures for PCOS, but there are methods of coping (discussed later)

Endometriosis

   Endometriosis is a reproductive disorder affecting around 10% of reproductive aged women, and is associated with severe, life-impacting pain during periods, sexual intercourse, bowel movements and/or urination, chronic pelvic pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, fatigue, and sometimes depression, anxiety, and infertility [11]. This disorder is characterized by tissue similar to the endometrium growing outside of the uterus. This leads to inflammation and scar tissue forming in the pelvic area and sometimes other areas of the body.

   Some symptoms of Endometriosis include pelvic pain during menstruation, during or after sex, when using the restroom, chronic pelvic or other bodily pain, heavy bleeding during periods or between periods, trouble getting pregnant, bloating or nausea, fatigue, depression or anxiety. However, it’s also acknowledged that some women may not have symptoms at all [11].

*There are no known cures for endometriosis, but there are methods of coping (discussed later)

Primary/Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)

  POI is a reproductive and hormonal disorder causing premature ovarian failure and early menopause, beginning as early as the teen years [12].

   Some symptoms of POI include hot flashes, night sweats, irritability, poor concentration, decreased sex drive, pain during sex, and chronic vaginal dryness [12].

*There are no known cures for POI, but there are methods of coping (discussed later)

Uterine Fibroids

   Fibroids are benign growths in the uterus—very rarely malignant (cancerous),—and most often appear in reproductive aged women. They can vary in number and size depending on the individual, and in extreme cases, can cause the appearance of a pregnant belly.

    There are also multiple types of fibroids to look for during ultrasound screenings: Intramural fibroids grow within the muscular wall of the uterus. Submucosal fibroids bulge into the uterine cavity. Subserosal fibroids form on the outside of the uterus [15].

   Although some cases don’t provide symptoms, some common symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding or painful periods, longer or more frequent periods, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination or trouble urinating, growing stomach area, constipation, pain in the stomach area or lower back, or pain during sex [15].

Do not begin treatment without receiving a professional opinion from a primary physician or OB/GYN. If self diagnosing, confirm diagnosis with your doctor before attempting over-the-counter or diagnostic treatment.

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC)

   Along with hormonal imbalances and disorders occurring within the body due to hereditary genetics, hormones can also be affected by external environmental factors—aka endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC)—in daily life. “Each person has unique exposure to a variety of both known and unknown EDCs. Individual differences in metabolism and body composition will create considerable variability in the half-life and persistence of EDCs, as well as their degradation in body fluids and tissues…[and] human disorders are more likely the result of chronic exposure to low amounts of mixtures of EDCs“ [16]. Listed are some examples and their effects.

Plasticizers (BPA, Phthalates)

   Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are found in plastic products and have significant negative impact on female fertility.

    Phthalates were commercialized in the 1920s and are still used in many plastic food containers, blood bags and medical tubing, as well as personal care products. “Prospective clinical studies indicate that higher phthalate concentrations in urine were associated with longer time to pregnancy (TTP)” [14]. Recent studies reported that higher levels of phthalates in urine were associated with lower probabilities of implantation and clinical pregnancy, and higher probabilities of still birth. Not only do phthalates decrease fertility for women exposed to the chemical in their lifetime, but also decrease the fertility of future generations of women in that line [14].

   BPA is found in products such as plastic bags, bottles, and packaging, including food and drink cans. BPA concentrations were found to be significantly higher in infertile patients compared with fertile subjects. Additionally, BPA was associated with lower rates of fertility and fecundability (probability of conception), as well as with increased embryo implantation failure and decreased estrogen, fertilized oocytes, and oocyte counts in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), providing evidence to debilitated ovulation and endocrinological health [14]. Studies in lab animals also indicate an impairment of female reproductive capacity with BPA alternatives: bisphenol S and bisphenol E.

   (On an additional note, researchers of phthalate affects on neurological constitution reported in JAMA that ordinary exposure to certain phthalates found in urine samples was associated with ADHD-related behaviors in adolescence [13].)

Pharmaceuticals (Synthetic progestin norethindrone (NET), Diethylstilbestrol (DES))

   Despite medical professionals endorsing the safety of pharmaceuticals, there is substantial evidence of their effect on the female reproductive system, as well as the general endocrine system of the human anatomy.

    Although naturally occurring progesterone is one of the crucial hormones in women’s natural cycles, synthetic progestin (NET)—found in oral contraceptives—is a steroidal pharmaceutical recorded as a thyroid endocrine disruptor [17]. As an interesting aside in environmental sustainability (or lack thereof), since there has been such consistent consumption of progestin by humans and its use in livestock farms to promote the growth and fattening of animals, there has been a rising level of the chemical within various aquatic environments. In one US stream, “the concentration of synthetic progestin norethindrone (NET) was reported up to 872 ng/L” and continues to increase [17].

   In a study conducted on adult zebrafish in such contaminated environments, it was found that NET alters sexual differentiation, development and reproduction, and shifted sex ratio towards males through higher androgenic activities [17]. This potentially leads to the implication of a similar effect on adult humans, providing some insight toward the steady rise in gender dysphoria amongst both biological male and female youth and adults, with prevalence in females due to sensitivity of androgen levels in female development.

    In comparison, Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a non-steroidal pharmaceutical estrogenic EDC that was prescribed to millions of pregnant women between 1940 and 1970 in order to prevent miscarriage, premature labor, and related complications of pregnancy [18]. However, women who were exposed to DES in utero experienced higher rates of infertility, pregnancy complications, and reproductive cancers including breast and pancreatic cancer, and cervical precancer [18,19]. “The onset of puberty was also significantly affected, with the timing of vaginal opening occurring significantly earlier in DES descendants. These results indicate a transgenerational effect of DES on multiple reproductive parameters including fertility, timing of puberty, and AGD. These data have significant implications for more than 50 million DES descendants worldwide as well as raising concerns for the ongoing health impacts caused by exposures to other estrogenic EDCs which are pervasive in our environment” [18].

   The drug also may be linked to an increased chance of developing ADHD in the grandchildren of women who used it during pregnancy. DES was found to cause epigenetic changes, altering the way genes are turned on and off, in a study analyzing the reproductive organs of mice. “The findings provide a possible explanation for how endocrine disruptors affect fertility and reproduction” [13].

Cosmetics & Personal Care (Parabens, Glycol Ethers, Parfum, etc)

   Cosmetics and personal care items including shampoos, soaps, and other products contain harmful EDCs which are exposed to women (and men) on a regular basis, increasing the health risks associated with EDCs.

    Parabens are one of the most popular preservatives used in these products (as well as foods and pharmaceuticals) and have been promoted worldwide since 1920. Easily absorbed into the body via topical handling or application, parabens acutely (short-term) and chronically (long-term) hinder the human endocrine system and induce complications in homeostasis. They have also been recognized as a causative factor in various diseases [20].

   Glycol Ethers are a chemical compound used in certain solvents (resins, lacquers, paints, varnishes, gum, perfume, dyes, inks, as a constituent of paints and pastes, cleaning compounds, liquid soaps, and hydraulic fluids) and as an ingredient in cosmetics.

    Acute exposure to high levels of the glycol ethers in humans results in narcosis, pulmonary edema, and severe liver and kidney damage. Acute exposure to lower levels of the glycol ethers in humans causes conjunctivitis, upper respiratory tract irritation, headache, nausea, and temporary corneal clouding. Animal studies have reported adverse effects on weight gain, peripheral blood counts, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Chronic exposure to the glycol ethers in humans results in fatigue, lethargy, nausea, anorexia, tremor, and anemia. Animal studies have reported anemia, reduced body weight gain, and irritation of the eyes and nose from inhalation exposure. Anemia and effects to the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, liver, and kidneys were reported in animals following oral exposure to the glycol ethers [21].

    (Interestingly, the EPA.gov source claims there is apparently no carcinogenic or reproductive issues caused by glycol ethers based on a lack of evidence, insinuating that these compounds have not even been tested for such effects to affirm or refute this claim.)

    Parfum and fragrance also have a hand in this EDC issue. These synthetic compounds have become ubiquitous components of personal care and household cleaning products over the decades, resulting in excess usage of these chemicals on a regular basis. Fragrances are linked with rapidly increasing rates of diabetes, cancer, neural ailments, teratogenicity, and (shockingly enough) transgender instances, insinuating that some—not all—transgender instances appear as developed through EDC influence rather than appearing as an inherent biological characteristic at birth [22]. The adverse effects of the fragrance constituents as phthalates, parabens, glutaraldehyde, hydroperoxides, oil of turpentine, metals, nitro musks, and essential oils, among others, are being identified and subsequently linked to the breakdown in homeostasis. They have been labeled 'slow poisons' following the analysis of estrogen hyperproduction and inflammation, among other issues (“fragrance compounds share configurational similarity with carcinogenic environmental hydrocarbons and provoke the expression of cytochrome group monooxygenase enzyme aromatase [which] aromatizes androgens to form estrogen…[causing] the majority of morbidities.) [22].

Metalloestrogens aka Heavy Metals (Aluminum Chlorohydrate (ACH), Lead, Mercury, Cadmium)

   It is most likely accurate to assume that the negative impact of heavy metals on the body is common knowledge in our medically advanced society. Despite this, metalloestrogens are still incorporated into daily use products.

    Aluminum might be one of the most widely known for its toxicity in multiple forms. As aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) or aluminum salts, it is included in antiperspirant deodorants, foods and supplements, antacids, vaccines, and various house hold products [23]. ACH is commonly absorbed through the sensitive skin of the underarms in close proximity to the breast, increasing the risk of breast cancer development and increase in current cancer cells among other conditions including deficient estrogen regulation and response, affected gene expression, dialysis dementia, iron-adequate microcytic anemia, osteomalacia, and neurodegerative diseases [23].

    Lead is also known as a harmful heavy metal, with its use in plumbing less prevalent in our modern society. The harms of lead have been extensively documented and acted upon, yet again there is still lead being consumed even in minute doses. This chemical has been labeled an EDC through its absorption into the thyroid gland and the effects of its homeostasis, effects on insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance, pituitary action, accumulation in reproductive organs, and causation of metabolic disease. For women attempting to have children, semen quality and sperm modality, abnormal testosterone levels and infertility are also effects of lead on male hormones [24].

   Mercury poisoning is a regular topic and valid concern. The most common discussion is the concern of methylmercury—anthropogenic mercury made when inorganic mercury circulating in the general environment is dissolved into freshwater and seawater—poisoning via high consumption of certain shellfish and fish, such as albacore tuna. Ethylmercury—inorganic mercury compound made by binding organic chemicals—is an active base in thimerosal which is used as an anti septic and anti fungal/anti bacterial agent in vaccines. Both types of mercury have the capacity to cause adverse effects on the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal gland, and gonads (testis and ovary) [25]. In the past, thimerosal was used in all vaccine compounds until it was proven as a carcinogen capable of breaking through the blood brain barrier, at which point it was repealed from all but multi dose vaccinations such as the multi dose Influenza vaccines.

    Cadmium is a common environmental pollutant and has major presence in tobacco smoke. It has been known to either enhance or inhibit the biosynthesis of progesterone (affecting normal ovarian cyclicity and the maintenance of pregnancy), decreased birth weights and premature birth, with the enhanced levels of placental cadmium “resulting from maternal exposure to industrial wastes or tobacco smoke being associated with decreased progesterone biosynthesis by the placental trophoblast”—an outer layer of cells providing nutrients to the embryo [26].

Synthetic Materials (Polyester, Acrylic, etc)

   Synthetic woven materials used in the manufacturing of clothing, blankets, and other fabrics (although interacting topically and externally) affects the endocrine system. These facts make reconsidering fast fashion a wise hesitation.

    Polyester is a significant example of EDCs in fabrics. It’s made with recycled phthalates and BPA plastics through PET production using a catalyst called antimony trioxide—a carcinogen and EDC, which affects fertility in men and women, neurodevelopment and glucose metabolism, and disrupts thyroid function [27]. This toxin can absorb into the skin due to even low temperatures or regular levels of body heat, or via sweat or saliva. Additionally, microplastics are released into the air and onto the body during each wear and wash. Because of its lack of biodegradability, the particles are then consumed, absorbed or spread by various objects, plants, insects, fish, animals and other humans throughout the environment [27].

    Additionally, acrylic fibers are made from acrolynitrile (aka vinyl cyanide), which is a carcinogen effecting the brain, lungs and bowels, and acts as a mutagen, targeting the central nervous system. According to the CDC, acrylonitrile enters our bodies through skin absorption, as well as inhalation and ingestion. It is not easily recycled or biodegradeable. It was found that women who work in factories producing acrylic fibers have seven times the rate of breast cancer as the normal population, and those working with nylon have double that risk [28].

Healing Your Cycle: Positive Change

   After enduring such a long-winded list of how EDCs and reproductive conditions effect women’s hormones and overall biological rhythm, let’s explore the light at the end of the tunnel; a ray of hope in the midst of hard truth. While there are many factors working against the natural female cycle in the modern world, there are most definitely ways in which women can take control of their reproductive health and wellbeing to re-sync with their cycles. After all, happy hormones lead to an overall happier life, and isn’t that the end goal?

Diet

   One of the most underrated aspects of health maintenance in terms of impact is diet and metabolic habit. Each phase of the infradian cycle requires different nutrients in order to perform at maximum efficiency in their respective functions. The most important thing is to pause before acting on a stomach rumble and think about “Am I hungry, or is the last meal I ate still digesting right now?” and “What am I craving, and how does it fit into the current phase of my cycle?”. You might discover that your body has been telling you exactly what it needs, but you might have missed the signs.

* Although not mentioned in the section covering EDCs, pesticides contribute to the disruption of female and male hormones. Please wash all produce thoroughly before consumption! (Mix vinegar and baking soda into a water bath)

Menstrual Phase

   The menstrual phase is probably the most taxing phase the body goes through in the infradian cycle (not surprising, since there is considerable blood loss and uterine contractions to shed the endometrium!). High power foods like protein, healthy fats, minerals and root vegetables are needed to support the body and its energy levels as it works through the grueling task of refreshing the endometrium.

   Red meats and fatty fish like salmon (and even beans!) during this phase of the cycle replenish low iron levels and provide substance and caloric benefits while the body is going through a sort of “purge” of unneeded tissues. (Be aware of eating too much red meat, as a compound called prostaglandin can cause more bleeding when too much is ingested.)

    Healthy fats such as probiotic yogurts, nuts, olive oil, and avocado are also beneficial in reducing inflammation and cramping, maintaining muscle strength, and a feeling of fullness after eating to help prevent over indulgence during this time of nutrient deficiency. It’s not at all uncommon for snacking to become more frequent in this phase. Although it’s not a sin to have a sweet treat or splurge a bit on a meal here and there, remembering that balance is key during menstruation (and really all of the phases) is extremely important to long-term health.

    Root vegetables such as purple potatoes, yams, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, carrots, and pretty much anything else you can think of to stir into some sort of hearty stew are great for providing vitamin A. This aids the liver in processing estrogen and revitalizes the body’s vitamin and mineral reserve.

    Some supplements that can be incorporated alongside diet include:

magnesium: helps to reduce cramping by relaxing contractions

omega3: anti inflammatory agent can also relax contractions

vitamin D&E: anti inflammatory that reduces the severity of dysmenorrhea

zinc: anti inflammatory that can reduce cramping

iron: supports the replenishing of red blood cells

   Think of this time as a grounding period to reconnect the mind, body, and spirit to the earth. The hearty vegetables and hefty meats nourish and root us from the busy, hectic world outside in order for the body to slow down, rest and recuperate in preparation for the beginning of a new cycle.

Follicular Phase

   The follicular phase is the revitalized product of menstruation. The body is fresh and ready to re-acclimate to routine and societal expectation. This is the perfect time for light, colorful, and vibrant foods as well as pre and probiotics and complex carbs.

    Lean proteins like chicken, tofu, nuts, and eggs are your friend in this phase. Some may feel inclined to go full salad-mode after refreshing from menstruation, but everyone should maintain a level of balance that feels right for their own body.

    Colorful vegetables like carrots, lettuce, celery, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and cucumber help the body to metabolize estrogen and maintain healthy levels in the endocrine system.

    Pre and probiotics of the follicular phase include fermented and pickled foods like kombucha, kefir, miso, sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt. These foods promote healthy gut flora which—if there have ever been any facts that stick in mind, this should be one of them—ultimately dictates the wellness of the rest of the body alongside the endocrine system. (Highly recommend further reading on this topic!)

   There are good carbs, and not-so-good carbs. Brown rice, quinoa, and grains are some good carbs the body can benefit from in this phase to fuel energy reserves.

   Some supplements that can be incorporated alongside diet include:

vitamin B: supports energy levels and hormone balance

zinc: regulates hormones and maintains cycle

fiber: whether through fibrous vegetables or supplement maintains healthy digestion

Ovulatory Phase

   The ovulatory phase is the body’s time for getting a little hot and heavy. Not only have hormones and energy levels risen, but body temperature also gets a fraction higher. To combat the heat, eat raw and cooling foods with lots of color. Metabolic activity is lower at this time, so not as many carbs or calories in general are needed to sustain energy.

    Fish, eggs, and lamb are some healthy proteins for this phase, as well as lentils.

    Vegetables like bell peppers, spinach, tomatoes (also affectionately known as love apples), asparagus, scallion, dandelion, cucumber, and okra keep the body fresh and rejuvenated during ovulation. Specifically, okra is very healthy to consume throughout the cycle, as its pods secrete a mucous-like fluid that positively impacts the mucosal membrane of the digestive track as well as the vaginal canal and uterus!

   Don’t hold back on the pre and probiotics from the follicular phase since they can still influence digestive efficiency and healthy gut flora.

   Some supplements that can be incorporated alongside diet include:

omega3: anti inflammatory agent supports hormone health

vitamin B&E: helps the body release eggs & anti inflammatory that supports fertility and hormone balance

zinc: anti inflammatory supports hormone health

Luteal Phase

   The body slowly winds down in the luteal phase to once again prepare for menstruation. This is truly the time to shy away from anti inflammatory foods like sugar, dairy, very spicy foods, and alcohol to regulate painful contractions during menstruation.

    Working back into the denser and fattier meats, fish, turkey, beans, and beef are great proteins for the luteal phase.

   There’s also a gradual return to root vegetables. Cabbage, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, collard greens, onion, pumpkin, purple potatoes, yams, and sweet potatoes are the go-tos in this phase.

    Carbs come back into play as well. Brown rice, millet, and whole grains help support the body’s wind-down time.

    Some supplements that can be incorporated alongside diet include:

magnesium: alleviates PMS symptoms

calcium: promotes relaxation

chasteberry: supports progesterone levels

Foods to Avoid

   Many cycle syncing practitioners promote a mindset of focusing on foods they CAN eat versus foods they CAN’T eat. Psychologically, this changes the perception of “restricted” eating as a punishment and alters it to a conscious lifestyle change which invests in a healthy body, mind, and spirit for future versions of themselves. However, for those who would prefer a more cut and dry outline of foods to avoid within the cycle, listed below are some inflammatory foods to limit (does not need to be a cold turkey elimination) in personal dietary choices.

gums (xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, lecithin gum, carob/locust bean gum, gellan gum, Arabic gum)

   Gums are carcinogenic to humans and can cause additional side effects. Check labels for gum content. Switch to thickening agents like corn starch, potato starch, rice flour, and arrowroot powder.

inflammatory oils (seed oils, vegetable oil)

   Check labels for inflammatory oil content. Consider switching to olive, coconut, sesame, and avocado oils (some avocado oils may be contaminated with inflammatory oils, always check!). Coconut oil and LIGHT olive oil are good substitutes for vegetable oil in baking.

dairy products (cheese, pasteurized milk, etc)

   Check labels for dairy content. Consider switching to almond or coconut milk, dairy free cheeses (i.e. Daiya), and nut-based yogurts. (Cashew milk yogurt is a personal favorite which can double as sour cream on taco Tuesdays!)

soy products (lecithins, GMO content, estrogen unbalancing effects, long-term influence on growth, digestion, sexual maturation, thyroid health, and breast cancer risk)

   Check labels for soy content. Controlled amounts of soy consumed in moderation are beneficial to the body. Consider limiting soy consumption to miso, soy sauce, edamame, natto, etc.

refined sugar (bleached sugar, corn syrup, etc)

   Unnaturally occurring sugars are an inflammatory agent that affects insulin regulation and dietary conditions. Check labels for added sugar content. Consider switching to raw cane sugar, monk fruit sweetener, honey, agave, and DIYing brown sugar by mixing cane sugar and molasses.

*Be careful of sugar free products which contain aspartame—an artificial non-saccharide sweetener 200 times sweeter than sucrose—as it’s labeled as a carcinogen and can cause kidney issues, toxic liver disease, and psychological effects [29].

gluten (bleached flour, GMOs, pesticide-treated wheat, digestive upset, fatigue, bloating, weight gain and retention, etc)

   Check labels for types of grains or flours used in gluten products. Consider switching to rice flour, buckwheat flour, corn meal, almond flour, coconut flour, oat flour, corn starch, potato starch, and arrowroot powder.

alcohol (high sugar content, gluten, inflammatory agent, bloating, fatigue, headaches, weight gain and retention, weakened liver function, etc)

   Although all alcohol is inflammatory, clear spirits (vodka, gin, tequila) are lower in sugar content compared to dark liquors (rum, whiskey, brandy, scotch, cognac) and wines. However, wines can have some health benefits when consumed in controlled amounts and in moderation. Beers contain both sugars and gluten, so be wary of amounts consumed in a given time frame.

Herbs & Seeds

   In holistic medicine, herbal remedies and a process called seed cycling are great supporters for reconnecting with the infradian rhythm and balancing changing hormones. Listed are some herbs and seeds that benefit each phase of the cycle.

Menstrual Phase

red raspberry leaf

nettle leaf

turmeric

pumpkin seeds

flax seeds

*parsley is an emmenagogue that can stimulate proper menstrual flow for late or light periods

Follicular Phase

nettle leaf

holy basil

pumpkin seeds

flax seeds

Ovulatory Phase

dandelion root

burdock root

turmeric

pumpkin seeds

flax seeds

Luteal Phase

red raspberry leaf

burdock root

dandelion root

ginger

sunflower seeds

sesame seeds

flax seeds

Movement

   Exercise or any general physical movement is extremely important for staying healthy and maintains harmony in the menstrual cycle. As hormones fluctuate, movement helps accommodate and balance levels of different chemicals in the body, including cortisol—stress hormone. The higher the cortisol, the higher the inflammation, and the harder it will be to lose stubborn fat, get rid of water weight and bloating, manage pain during bleeding and contractions, etc.

Menstrual Phase - Restorative Movement

No to Low cortisol

walking

yoga

stretching

gentle pilates

REST!!

*Studies have now proven that circadian rhythm and sleep patterns differs between men and women (surprise, surprise). Despite the 6 hours of sleep preached for the last how many years, women actually need 8 to 9 hours of sleep depending on the phase of their cycle. Take your sleep schedules seriously!!

Follicular Phase - Fitness Movement

Low cortisol

resistance training

hiking

gentle aerobic training

swimming

dancing

yoga

Ovulatory Phase - Energetic Movement

Med to High cortisol

high intensity interval training (HIIT)

martial arts & kickboxing

spinning

aerobic training

swimming

resistance training

power yoga

dancing

hiking

Luteal Phase - Easy Movement

Low to No cortisol

gentle aerobic training

resistance training

yoga

pilates

swimming

dancing

rest

*Notice the cyclical nature of each phase’s movement! It begins very gently, increases in activity until the climax of ovulation, and then gradually returns to restful movement again.

Personal Care

   Within personal care there are sub-topics of what women can take control of to promote a healthy cycle. This section will review skin care for each phase of the cycle, endocrine-safe fabrics, period products, makeup, and other personal care products that can subsidize those containing harmful toxins.

Skin Care

Menstrual Phase

   Hydrate and moisturize! Since estrogen and progesterone are low, it weakens the skin barrier and makes it dry. Use a gentle cleanser and a hydrating cream or lotion. Products like hyaluronic acid, glycerin, peptides and ceramides are great for this stage of your cycle [30]. Drink lots of water!

Follicular Phase

   Maintain your skin’s normal health needs as estrogen rises and revitalizes the epidermis! Since there isn’t much progesterone in this phase, the skin won’t be as oily. Regularly cleansing and moisturizing should do the trick.

Ovulatory and Luteal Phases

   Progesterone rapidly elevates in these phases causing the production of more sebum and oils of the skin and hair. Skin sensitivity is heightened at these times, so continue using a gentle cleanser and non-active-ingredient products, like those that contain niacinamide [30].

Makeup

   Finding makeup that doesn’t negatively impact hormones can be tricky, since many contain EDCs, as previously discussed. While it might be impossible to avoid EDCs completely in the makeup industry, there are cleaner and higher quality options to invest in. Some of these brands include bareMinerals, RMS Beauty, Alima Pure, and (rising in popularity) Ilia Beauty.

    These brands create eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cruelty free skincare & beauty products to help improve the conditions of the environment and of consumer wellness. Each brand carries their own formula of serums, moisturizers, foundations, concealers, lip products, and eye products that maintain skin health while simultaneously shining a spotlight on natural beauty.

    Perfume can also be considered a cosmetic. Like discussed earlier, mass produced perfumes contain harmful EDCs. But at the root, perfumes are scents derived from plants. Making DIY perfume is easy and fun, and probably more affordable. Let’s say Sarah (fake person for this scenario) really enjoys Marc Jacobs’ Daisy Love perfume, but wants to avoid the EDCs in the formula. She can research the ingredients and make her own formula with essential oils! Cloudberry seed oil is a base note of the perfume, but it’s also incredibly good for vitality of the skin with fatty acids like Omega 3&6. This can be mixed with daisy essential oil and sandalwood, vanilla, amber, and patchouli to create the cashmere and woody scent. Mixing different amounts together with a base solution will then create a similar perfume!

    Most perfumes are alcohol based, so using vodka as a base is on the table. However, oil based scents can last longer. There are a few options to consider, but always remember to dilute essential oils as they’re too potent to apply directly to the skin!

Soap, Shampoo & Conditioner

   Bath products are used daily, and are therefore very important to consider in creating an EDC-free or cleaner home environment. Right off the bat, a great substitute for mass produced soaps and body washes are bar soaps made with goat’s milk and other organic materials. Buying handmade soaps are a great way to invest in quality and health, and to support small businesses!

   Drugstore shampoos & conditioners have their quality-over-quantity substitutes as well. Companies like Prose and Function of Beauty take time and care to formulate products specifically for hair type (and skin type) to meet personal health and/or beauty goals. Companies like The Earthling Co. and Viori also make shampoo & conditioner BARS. This is a revolutionary innovation on their parts. Not only are bars more sustainable for long-term and controlled use, but they also reduce waste in the environment. For hair types 2C to 4C, brands like Innersence, Uncle Funky’s Daughter, Only Curls, Cantu, Camille Rose, Mielle and many others use natural ingredients and do their utmost to avoid EDCs in their products.

*Many small business owners also use organic and non-toxic ingredients in their products, don’t forget to support small and local businesses and the quality they provide!

Cleaning Products and Detergents

   Most people don’t even consider natural and non-toxic cleaning products nowadays. Clorox, bleach, and harsh chemicals seem to be pushed the most, even in child-centered environments. In reality, a good ol’ combination of baking soda, vinegar and lemon juice does the trick, and it’s very affordable since most people have these in their pantries. The chemical reaction caused by the baking soda interacting with acid acts as a cleaning agent for not only messy surfaces, but also for fruits and vegetables! Adding some vinegar and baking soda to a water bath and letting produce sit for 5 to 10 minutes reveals a pretty disgusting—yet relieving—sight of clean produce versus dirty water. Some other non-toxic cleaning brands include Branch Basics, Bon Ami, Ecos, Grove Collaborative, and Enviro One.

   Now, detergents. Even though detergents and softeners and fresheners aren’t being poured onto the skin or the body being submerged into a warm bath of sticky blue liquid, the EDCs in detergents are absorbed by fabrics in the wash which can then absorb into the skin via perspiration and heat. Some non-toxic laundry products include Branch Basics, Thieves, Ecos, Meliora, baking soda, essential oils for fragrance, and wool balls instead of dryer sheets. (Awesome laundry tip: apply some essential oil to a wool ball before drying laundry. It will come out warm and smelling amazing!)

Endocrine-Safe Fabrics

   When the term “natural fibres” is mentioned, what comes to mind? Any organic fiber made from plants rather than plastics. Some endocrine-safe fabric fibres include cotton, linen, rayon, wool, hemp, silk, leather, cashmere, bamboo, sisal, and jute.

    It’s HIGHLY recommended that women wear 100% cotton underwear. This fibre’s breathability aids with air circulation down south, which helps to eliminate odor, heat, and wetness from sweat and discharge. Not only is it uncomfortable to experience these, but it can also cause infections due to heat and moisture acting as a breeding ground for bacteria.

*Be wary of lingerie like thongs. Although they seem breathable for lack of coverage, some thong fabrics contain EDCs, and the vulva can come into contact with any bottoms you’re wearing. This can also become a breeding ground for bacteria.

    Silk is a great fabric for pillow cases and bonnets. If you’ve experienced frizzy hair in the mornings, or you need to keep your coils and curls covered overnight, silk is the go-to fabric for avoiding static electricity while tossing and turning in bed. Silk is an extremely fine fiber, so it causes less static with friction, ergo less frizz and dead ends.

    Linen is a light yet durable fabric. It can be worn at any time of year, but it’s particularly useful in the spring and summer temperatures when the sun is at its closest and hottest. In contrast, wool is wonderful for the autumn and winter seasons with its insulated density. If there are any concerns about animal cruelty in the process of shearing, shepherds are careful and well educated on how to maintain their sheep’s coats. It’s very necessary for sheep to be shorn since the wool can easily become overgrown, matted, and weighted, causing discomfort and even pain for the sheep. Check out different companies’ animal cruelty policies for further information if still unsure.

   Not only are these fabrics organic, they’re also very sustainable. Unlike the trends and EDCs of fast fashion, well made endocrine-safe textiles can last with minimal wear for many years. This reduces waste production and supports the possibility of a healthy change in consumerist economy. Money can then be saved and put toward investing in true quality, rather than quantity and trends lasting less than a year.

Period Products

   It’s easy to go to the supermarket and pick up a pack of pads, liners, or tampons for an upcoming menstrual phase. Yet all of these contain phthalates, volatile organic compounds, parabens, environmental phenols, fragrance chemicals, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds which disrupt the endocrine system, as well as the vagina’s natural PH balance and flora [31].

    A good substitution for store-bought menstrual pads and liners are reusable fabric pads. These fabric pads contain bamboo fibres which wick and lock in sweat and blood. Unlike store-bought pads, reusable pads can actually be used for 8 hours before a change (although durations can vary by preference or heaviness of flow). The blood absorbed into the pad can be wrung out for collection (discussed next) or simply rinsed with water until wrung clear, then tossed into the laundry to be washed.

    Reusable pads also save a significant amount of money. Not only have extremely necessary feminine products been made for profit, the average price of pads rose by 10% in 2022, perpetuating university students’ likelihood of “period poverty” with 20% of women unable to afford store-bought products [32]. Women spend about $4,800 in their lifetime just on menstrual pads [33]. A reliable pack of reusable pads, however, can cost around $20 to $30 and last—with proper care—for 5 to 10 YEARS (I am currently on year 3!).

    Similarly, menstrual cups are a great resource and replacement for tampons. Tampons are absorbent, yet susceptible to leaks and can be uncomfortable when inserting and removing. Like store-bought pads, tampons cost a significant amount over a woman’s lifetime, around $2,000 [33]. Menstrual cups are made with medical-grade silicone which are soft and simple to use, and they can last up to 10 YEARS. These devices are great for collection, even more so than reusable pads (discussed next).

    Towels. Towels? Yes, towels. A good, plush towel is actually a great period product. Thick towels can be folded in half for extra security and sat or laid on to engage in free bleeding. Free bleeding is the practice in which women do not use period products or any constrictive garments to obstruct menstrual flow. Whether it be beneath a tree on personal property, or in the comfort of the home, free bleeding has many benefits including maintaining vaginal flora, reducing menstrual product waste, and reducing stress [34]. Some even say it can lighten the flow. (A/N: see my previous free bleeding blog for more on my first experience!)

Menstrual Blood in Spells & Ritual

   In ancient Rome, Pliny the Elder argued that menstrual blood contained limitless power. Hailstorms, whirlwinds, and lightning were said to be dispersed by a menstruating woman. It could also sour crops, wither fruits and vegetables, kill bees, drive dogs insane, dull the brightness of mirrors, blunt razors, turn linens black, and rust iron and bronze.

    Blood in the context of spell work and ritual acts both as a taglock/personal effect and as a boost of energy and power within the working. Although blood magick isn’t evil, it’s important to be wise about how and when it’s used for a variety of reasons such as…

it could cause bacterial growth

it could backfire much more strongly

it could bind one to the working longer and more intensely than one would like

   Now, these reasons shouldn’t be a deterrent for using blood in spell and ritual. Negative outcomes can be easily avoided with critical thinking and decision making. First and foremost in the safety of blood magick: keep tools clean. Sterilizing and sanitizing certain tools and items is crucial in avoiding bacterial growth when working with blood. Cleaning the altar or work space before and after the working is also important to maintain a healthy environment.

    Since this article focuses on menstrual blood, there does not need to be any wounding of the practitioner in order to draw blood. (If working with regular blood, do not draw from the palm, thigh, or forearm as shown in pop culture. This could cause over-bleeding and is dangerous!!) As mentioned in the previous section, menstrual blood can be collected easily by using a menstrual cup, reusable pads, or by way of free bleeding. In reality, the most blood one needs when performing blood magick is a few drops, but at the time of menstruation, much more is available for use for a longer duration of time. Collected blood can be stored in a sterilized glass container in the refrigerator, or dried and kept in a cool dark space in wait for rehydration.

   Be mindful of what spells or rituals the blood is being used in. As mentioned, the use of menstrual blood can very strongly tie a practitioner to the working and could backfire more strongly than usual workings because there is more power and energy being incorporated. Spending the proper amount of preparatory time beforehand and really setting intentions can help avoid these outcomes and secure success in spells and ritual.

How to Use Menstrual Blood

   Menstrual blood is versatile in its application to magickal practice. In every case it can be considered a type of ritual or ceremony since bleeding occurs every month in conjunction with the phases of the moon.

   The first method of using menstrual blood is as an anointing “oil”. It can’t really be called an oil since it’s blood, but nonetheless, it can be referred to as such for associative purposes. As discussed earlier in the article, Filipino women apply menstrual blood to the face to prevent breakouts and inflammation of the skin. But since it’s also associated with fertility, life’s source, the cycle of the natural world, cleansing, transformation, and divine exploration, blood can anoint the face, body, or other objects to aid in workings involving such themes.

    When developing a deeper connection with the elements, menstrual blood can be included in these rituals/spells to tie oneself to the element of choice. Blood can be used to anoint candles in fire-related workings. After carving the wax, wiping a thumb’s-worth of blood over the carving will increase its effects. In water workings, blood can be added to a bowl or chalice of water to transform it with the properties mentioned above. Additionally, a few small drops of fresh blood can be diluted in water and safely consumed to further connect with the element of water. Blood can be taken outdoors on a windy day and trickled into the breeze, or left on the skin or other object to be dried by the air. It can be offered back to the earth as is, or diluted and used to water potted houseplants. The nutrients of menstrual blood enrich the soil and can aid in developing deeper connection with plant allies. (Do not add blood to still-water plants, the water will go foul over time!) Some free bleeding practitioners sit at the bases of trees and give their blood back to the earth directly while meditating or casting spells.

   Menstrual blood can also be used for divination. Scrying with a bowl of pure or diluted blood can be extremely powerful as well as grounding.

Art is another breathtaking way to use menstrual blood. Jasmine Alicia Carter (@jasminealiciacarter) is a renowned artist known for her use of menstrual blood in spiritually significant paintings, pulling inspiration from her own erotic form and from Hindu and Buddhist teachings. Her blood has been used in hundreds of beautiful works including her most recent project “Blazing Bliss Mandala” which used 4 cycles worth of her blood!

Rowan Vossepoel (@hanahonua.memoir) is another example of a menstrual artist, in tandem with her other artistic mediums including photography and woodwork. In tune with her cycle, she engages with nature and the creatures in her life with such awareness, and records her spiritual growth with her art.

Blood art can be created on paper, wood, stone, leaves, bone, skin, or any other material that is significant to the practitioner. Drops of blood can be added to ink to write petitions and increase the power of words, or to draw.

Resources

   After discussing the depth of infradian rhythm and its application in both lifestyle and in witchcraft, some resources may be helpful for getting started on a new journey of embracing your cycle, if so chosen. Listed below are some apps, influencers, and texts that can be very impactful in this endeavor.

In the Flo by Alisa Vitti

   This book kickstarted my passion for writing this article. I’m also planning on developing a health course based on feminine anatomy and physiology to help undereducated women.

MyFlo App

   The MyFlo app is in conjunction with In the Flo. Developed by Alisa Vitti, the app allows you to become more educated on the infradian rhythm while tracking your cycle and its symptoms.

Elicia Goguen on YouTube

   Elicia is a great spokeswoman for female empowerment not only through menstruation, but in other areas of life such as mental health, relationships, fitness, motivation, and more. Many of her videos are structured like a vodcast, so it’s the perfect content to indulge in the background of regular daily activity.

Stardust App

   The Stardust App is another period tracker, but is connected to new age and witchy themes. This app not only educates in science, but also in folklore of the phases of the infradian rhythm. By purchasing an annual subscription for unlimited access, the proceeds are put toward funding access to feminine products for the needy.

MyFitnessPal

   MyFitnessPal is a great resource for tracking movement and diet if it’s in line with your lifestyle goals to do so.

Flo App

   The Flo app is another period tracking app. It’s not as educational or accurate as Stardust or MyFlo, but has a great community of women that post on the Flo forums to talk about similar struggles, relationships, life, and anything period related.

*Please be aware that some period tracking apps will market personal information based on your location. Make sure to read each app’s privacy policies!!

   There are many ways to adapt magick and lifestyle to accommodate the menstrual cycle. It’s a very raw way of connecting with what it means to be a woman, and connecting with the millions of women that came before. Witchcraft can sometimes be a bit messy, but that’s something to embrace rather than shy away from. By accepting some unconventional means of raising power and creating change through magick, there is no telling what you can accomplish.

    Heal your cycle. Live by it. Celebrate it. Liberate it. And in turn, you will celebrate and liberate yourself from the confines you didn’t know were holding you back, both in your practice and in your daily life.

Thank you for reading this article. I hope you learned something about your own cycle, or about the cycle of a loved one. Some of the information in this article can also be applied to men such as the information in the EDC and diet sections. Anyone can benefit from positive lifestyle changes and healing. Please comment or DM me with any questions or corrections, or with requests for certain sections to be added! I would love to hear from you about your personal experiences and how the article impacted you.

Sláinte 🌿

Citations

1. Menstrual Cycle - You and Your Hormones

2. Circadian Rhythm - Sleep Foundation

3. Infradian Rhythm - FLO Living

4. The Witch Archetype - The Moon School

5. Some Cultures Treat Menstruation With Respect - NPR

6. Menstrual Rituals Around the World - Flex Fits

7. Evolved Archetypes: The Feminine Warrior - Beyond Human Stories

8. The Mother Archetype: Understand and Embody Her Feminine Power - Where Wonder Waits

9. The Enchantress Female Archetype - Allison Clark Intuitive

10. PCOS - WHO International

11. Endometriosis - WHO International

12. POI - Medline Plus

13. Endocrine Disrupters - NIEHS

14. EDC and Reproductive Disorders in Women, Men, and Animal Models - PubMed

15. Uterine Fibroids - Mayo Clinic

16. EDC: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement - NCBI

17. The synthetic progestin norethindrone causes thyroid endocrine disruption in adult zebrafish - Science Direct

18. Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol has long-lasting, transgenerational impacts on fertility and reproductive development - PubMed

19. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure and Cancer - Cancer.gov

20. Parabens and their effects on the endocrine system - Science Direct

21. Glycol Ethers - EPA.gov

22. Fragrance compounds: The wolves in sheep’s clothings - PubMed

23. Potential interference of aluminum chlorohydrate with estrogen receptor signaling in breast cancer cells - PubMed

24. Exploring the endocrine disrupting potential of lead through benchmark modelling – Study in humans - Science Direct

25. The endocrine disruptive effects of mercury - PubMed

26. Endocrine disruption by cadmium, a common environmental toxicant with paradoxical effects on reproduction - PubMed

27. Recycling Plastic Into Clothing Isn’t Going To Cut It - Medium

28. 10 REASONS TO MAKE SURE YOUR SOFA CHOICES ARE UPHOLSTERED WITH SAFELY PROCESSED FABRICS - OECO Textiles

29. Aspartame hazard and risk assessment results released - WHO

30. Cycle Sync Your Skincare - OOVA

31. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in menstrual products including tampons, pads, and liners — GMU

32. How price impacts individuals buying menstrual products — NM Politcal Report

33. The Cost of Your Period - Pandia Health

34. 6 Benefits of Free Bleeding - Clue

[gowns]

reading about barnacle anatomy this morning blew my mind

Anatomy and physiology

Barnacles have a carapace made of six hard calcareous plates, with a lid or operculum made of four more plates. Inside the carapace, the animal lies on its stomach, projecting its limbs downwards. Segmentation is usually indistinct; the body is more or less evenly divided between the head and thorax, with little or no abdomen. Adult barnacles have few appendages on their heads, with only a single, vestigial pair of antennae attached to the cement gland. The six pairs of thoracic limbs are called cirri; these are feathery and very long. The cirri extend to filter food, such as plankton, from the water and move it towards the mouth.[8]

Acorn barnacles are attached to the substratum by cement glands that form the base of the first pair of antennae; in effect, the animal is fixed upside down by means of its forehead. In some barnacles, the cement glands are fixed to a long, muscular stalk, but in most they are part of a flat membrane or calcified plate. These glands secrete a type of natural quick cement made of complex protein bonds (polyproteins) and other trace components like calcium.[9]: 2–3  This natural cement can withstand a pulling strength of 5,000 lbf/in2 (30,000 kPa) and a sticking strength of 22–60 lbf/in2 (200–400 kPa).[8]

Barnacles have no true heart, although a sinus close to the esophagus performs a similar function, with blood being pumped through it by a series of muscles.[10] The blood vascular system is minimal.[11] Similarly, they have no gills, absorbing oxygen from the water through the cirri and the surface of the body.[12] The excretory organs of barnacles are maxillary glands.[13]

The main sense of barnacles appears to be touch, with the hairs on the limbs being especially sensitive. The adult has three photoreceptors (ocelli), one median and two lateral. These record the stimulus for the barnacle shadow reflex, where a sudden decrease in light causes cessation of the fishing rhythm and closing of the opercular plates.[14] The photoreceptors are likely only capable of sensing the difference between light and dark.[15] This eye is derived from the primary naupliar eye.[16]

Sexual reproduction

Most barnacles are hermaphroditic, producing both eggs and sperms. A few species have separate sexes, or have both males and hermaphrodites. The ovaries are located in the base or stalk, and may extend into the mantle, while the testes are towards the back of the head, often extending into the thorax. Typically, recently moulted hermaphroditic individuals are receptive as females. Self-fertilization, although theoretically possible, has been experimentally shown to be rare in barnacles.[26][27]

The sessile lifestyle of acorn barnacles makes sexual reproduction difficult, as they cannot leave their shells to mate. To facilitate genetic transfer between isolated individuals, barnacles have extraordinarily long penises⁠. Barnacles probably have the largest penis-to-body size ratio of the animal kingdom,[26] up to eight times their body length, though on exposed coasts the penis is shorter and thicker.[25] The mating of acorn barnacles is described as pseudocopulation.[24][28]

The goose barnacle Pollicipes polymerus can alternatively reproduce by spermcasting, in which the male barnacle releases his sperm into the water, to be taken up by females. Isolated individuals always made use of spermcasting and sperm capture, as did a quarter of individuals with a close neighbour. This 2013 discovery overturned the long-held belief that barnacles were limited to pseucocopulation or hermaphroditism.[24]

Rhizocephalan barnacles had been considered hermaphroditic, but their males inject themselves into females' bodies, degrading to little more than sperm-producing cells.

[partofmycharm]

**BIOLOGY HANDBOOK FUTURE UPDATES**

-

It’s come to my attention that I’ve missed a variety of important details out of the Yautjan Biology Handbook I created.

So, instead of making mini updates, I’ve decided to jump straight to version 2.1.

Is there anything in particular that people would like to see/reference regarding Yautjan biology?

This includes: anatomy, physiology, evolution, and reproduction. I’m even considering getting into the genetics if enough people are interested.

Please comment it below! Or even message me privately if that’s more comfortable.

FUTURE UPDATES THAT I WILL BE INCLUDING IN VERSION 2.1:

Expanded knowledge on Yautjan female sexual anatomy.

Expanded knowledge on Yautjan male sexual anatomy.

Expanded knowledge on Yautjan pregnancies and postpartum.

New section exploring possibility of intersex individuals.

Integumentary system review.

Light review on the endocrine system and addition of comprehensive mental illness discussions.

New section on the Hish-qu-ten.

-

Please note that it does take me some time to research, compile, and write this information, but I can provide updates if people are interested 👍🏻

[gallifreyinstituteforlearning]

Since we know that Gallifreyans/Time Lords are rather flexible on the question of gender, how do they perceive it? Do their bodies adapt depending on whether a person identifies as a man or a woman (or something else)? Do their X and Y chromosomes also detriment the body's biological sex, same as with humans?

How do Gallifreyans view and adapt to gender?

Gallifreyans/Time Lords have some proper flexibility when it comes to gender. They're capable of identifying and presenting as male, female, or other/mixed genders across their regenerations. This fluidity extends to their biological sex, where hormonal balances influence physical characteristics and gender identity in each incarnation, making them quite a mix of stereotypical female/male traits.

🧬 Hormonal Influence and Physical Adaptation

Two primary hormones, akin to human estrogen and testosterone, play a significant role in determining an incarnation's physical appearance and biological makeup. These hormones exist in every Gallifreyan body, creating a spectrum of male and female traits. The ratio between these hormones is influenced by the four factors of regeneration, which comprises genetics, environment, skills, and utter randomness.

The skeletal structure, cardiovascular system, and other physical attributes adapt based on the dominant hormonal influence during regeneration. For instance, a Gallifreyan with a higher concentration of masculine hormones might exhibit broader shoulders and larger hearts. In comparison, one with a higher concentration of feminine hormones might display wider hips and a more robust recovery mechanism from cardiac diseases. There are measurable differences in many aspects of their biology, and you'd be really hard-pressed (including in a human) to find someone who is completely masculine or completely feminine. In Gallifreyans it's quite feasible to have someone who exhibits many physically male traits but can also give birth.

📖 Historical Gender Dynamics

Historically, Gallifreyan society didn't highly regard the female gender, with females making up only about 10% of the population. This skewed ratio reflects past societal norms and biases, emphasising masculine traits and roles within their civilisation. However, like many aspects of Time Lord culture, perspectives on gender have likely changed with time.

💡 Chromosomal Determination

The reproductive compatibility between Gallifreyans and humans suggests the presence of a system akin to X and Y chromosomes in Gallifreyans, which enables successful interspecies reproduction. This system likely provides the genetic framework for determining biological sex, ensuring viability for reproduction while accommodating the Gallifreyans' broad gender fluidity.

Related:

Why do Gallifreyans have secondary sexual characteristics?: Why and how Gallifreyans have secondary sex characteristics.

How would gender transitioning work with Gallifreyans?: How transitioning would work for Gallifreyans biologically, technically, and socially.

Does intersexuality occur in Gallifreyans?: How Gallifreyans can be intersex, and working examples.

Hope that helped! 😃

More content ... →📫Got a question? | 📚Complete list of Q+A and factoids →😆Jokes |🩻Biology |🗨️Language |🕰️Throwbacks |🤓Facts →🫀Gallifreyan Anatomy and Physiology Guide (pending) →⚕️Gallifreyan Emergency Medicine Guides →📝Source list (WIP) →📜Masterpost If you're finding your happy place in this part of the internet, feel free to buy a coffee to help keep our exhausted human conscious. She works full-time in medicine and is so very tired 😴

[fangswbenefits]

girl... you're amazing. from the scruptiously-smutty and delish fics you write to the dedication to sex-ed. i've learned more from this account than from my own biology teacher (she didn't even teach us the female reproduction system, just the male one🤔).

so, yeah, thank you for creating a comunity in which we can enjoy and be slutty for Miguel O'Hara togheter but also learn about our bodies and how to pleasure ourselves.

you're incredible, and i love you for what you do and write here.

on another note, frustration is simply 😍😍😍. i've fallen in love.

Oh I also had a uselss Biology teacher back in high school. What I know now is from my years in uni in which I had classes in Anatomy and Physiology 🩷

So you are most welcome here and I’m glad to find one more person who considers this blog a safe space 🥺🩷 means a lot!

[v-mum-writes]

What is an Atosh-Ansdim?

The concept of Sex Doctors in the Qun was wickedly fascinating to me. I took developing it with a bit of Gusto.

The summary is that There are two types of Doctor in the category of Sex/(UrologyMaybe?)/Hormones/Fertility/Birthing/STDS, basically doctors who deal with that particular body system. That is the Shadim, which specialized in the Female system, and a Ansdim, which specializes in the Male system. They are, respectively, Female or Male alongside their system which i would say has less to do with the gender role of it and more to do with just having first hand experience possessing that system, and the Qun just thinks that's more efficient. There "arent" Aqun-Athlok Shadim or Ansdim, just like how the Qun would say there "aren't" women in the Antaam, but if you were a qunari assigned to being a Shadim or something and felt you were a man, it doesnt really matter, it just matters you have the ovaries. You know, typical 'gender is an illusion' Qunari shit. If you want to visit a sex doc, it depends what your issue is which one you see. If you have a uti and you have ovaries, or you have an unexpected pregnancy, you go see a Shadim. If your balls suddenly turned green and started oozing? you go see a Shadim about that. If you're Bi and you need to have sex, you can see either a Shadim or Ansdim.

Shadim and Ansdim ARE Doctors. There extensive, rigorous learning and information involved. You learn ALL about reproduction systems, hormone systems, pregnancy, and even plenty about other systems of anatomy and especially about how they influence your system. It's as important in the Qunari as being a cardio/heart/blood specialist; it's just a specific type of system. They handle spontaneous pregnancies, they handle infections or dysfunctions, they handle sexual education. They even handle interrogation or infiltration and seduction sometimes, although I imagine there's a special subsection of them for that. The reason they do is because a huge part of being a Shadim or Ansdim is involved with the psychology as well as the physiology of sex and the sex system. A good, highly rated Shadim and Ansdim are very keen-eyed, and they are incredibly practiced; they have a keen need to be able to read the people they're having sex with, what hurts and what doesnt, what's good and what isnt. Most Qunari, after all, have a lot of stunted emotional development and lack of individual recognition. A good Shadim or Ansdim need to fix, and educate. That often involved teaching other Qunari what they like or dont like during sex, or handling people who have been traumatized and are re-learning sex, etc etc etc. Its a complicated doctor and the nature of a cruel world makes the job require a lot of skills. Training begins at 16 like any other job in the Qun, but can take until 25 to be considered a Master of one's profession, and like any medical career you're never done learning as the field is always developing.

Now, a special distinction from regular Shadim and Ansdim, which are already highly regarded, are the Atosh-Shadim and Atosh-Ansdim. They are Doctors, just like Shadim and Ansdim, but the distinction is that they are marked for breeding by good genetic markers that the Qun wants to see in the future generation. There's a hundred factors in this, and there's probably a whole branch of Shadim and Ansdim that make those decisions and selectively choose future breeders; the highlighted experts of genetic research. The factors involved or plentiful- immuno-resistance, strength, intelligence, genetic mutations, resistance to magic, you name it. The name of the game is variety, but with a firm guiding hand. Atosh-Shadim and Atosh-Ansdim are a lot more focussed on the reproduction aspects of their careers than other Shadim and Ansdim, but they're also less common, especially outside of Par Vollen or other strongholds of Qunari Society. Non 'Atosh' Shadim and Ansdim take contraceptives to prevent pregnancy like the rest of the qunari population, Atosh-Shadim and Atosh-Ansdim do not.

As bull discovers in this chapter, Kaayras Adaar has a history as an Atosh-Ansdim. He would have been observed for this position basically the moment the Qunari identified the remains of his now-deceased father, who was also an Atosh-Ansdim from a very SPECIAL line of Breeding Project, a genetic line with unusual genetic mutations in Qunari (Red hair, Red freckles) and full of desirable traits labeled 'close to the Ataashi'. Basically, the Qunari have been trying for centuries to breed Qunari closer to the great ones they feel so kindered to, Dragons. Kaayras has even better traits than his father did.

He was a very high value breeder. They'd had his career pegged well before he was 16- well before they ever informed his Tamassaran.

Poor bastard never had a chance, as far as the Qun was concerned he was born for this.

[vidiyashetty]

Key Roles Of A Lady Gynecologist In Determining The Cause Of Lower Abdominal Pain

A Lady Gynecologist in Thane plays a vital role in diagnosing and managing lower abdominal pain, especially in female patients. Lower abdominal pain can be a symptom of various gynecological conditions, and a gynecologist's expertise is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Here are the key roles of a lady gynecologist in determining the cause of lower abdominal pain:

1. Specialized Knowledge in Female Reproductive Health

Understanding Female Anatomy: A lady gynecologist has specialized training in the anatomy, physiology, and conditions affecting the female reproductive system. This expertise enables her to assess symptoms related to the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other reproductive organs.

Identifying Gynecological Conditions: Common gynecological issues that can cause lower abdominal pain include ovarian cysts, endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and menstrual disorders. A gynecologist can accurately diagnose these conditions.

2. Conducting Comprehensive Medical Examinations

Physical Examination: A lady gynecologist performs a thorough physical examination, including a pelvic exam, to check for abnormalities, tenderness, or swelling that may indicate underlying issues.

Patient History: Gathering a detailed medical history, including menstrual cycle patterns, sexual activity, and previous medical conditions, helps in identifying potential causes of pain.

3. Performing Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

Ultrasound Imaging: Gynecologists often use transvaginal or pelvic ultrasounds to get a clear view of the reproductive organs, helping to identify cysts, fibroids, or other abnormalities.

Laboratory Tests: Blood tests, urine tests, and other lab work can help diagnose infections, hormonal imbalances, or other conditions that may contribute to lower abdominal pain.

Laparoscopy: In some cases, a gynecologist may recommend a minimally invasive surgical procedure like laparoscopy to directly visualize the pelvic organs and diagnose conditions such as endometriosis or adhesions.

Dr. Vidya is the Best Gynecologist in Thane because she always assures that the patient is being educated regarding the issues related to gynecology.

Credit:- https://drvidyashettygynecologistsmumbai.blogspot.com/2024/09/key-roles-of-lady-gynecologist-in-determining-the-couse-of-lower-abdominal-pain.html

[fidicusbartholin]

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Quick Relief | No Surgery | Permanent Cure About Video : Discover the causes and effects of Bartholin cysts in this informative video. We delve into the factors leading to these cysts, including blocked glands and infections, and explore their impact on the female reproductive system. Learn about symptoms, potential complications, and treatment options to manage and prevent these cysts. Whether you're seeking medical advice or just curious, this video provides valuable insights into maintaining reproductive health. Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more health content!

[university11]

Study MBBS In Nepal

Comprehensive Guide to Pursuing MBBS in Nepal

Selecting the location to pursue a degree in MBBS is a pivotal choice for individuals aiming to become doctors. Nepal has been a sought-after location for medical education because of its cost-effective tuition fees, high-quality education, and diverse cultural environment. This article offers a comprehensive examination of pursuing an MBBS degree in Nepal, encompassing the curriculum, entrance procedure, expenses, and advantages.

What are the reasons to pursue an MBBS degree in Nepal? Accessible Education Nepal provides a highly cost-effective MBBS curriculum in comparison to other nations, rendering it easily accessible to a diverse group of students.

High-quality education Nepal's medical colleges offer exceptional education with proficient teachers, state-of-the-art facilities, and a curriculum that adheres to global benchmarks.

Cultural affinity and absence of language barrier Nepal provides a culturally familiar atmosphere for students from nearby countries. In addition, the majority of medical colleges utilize English as the primary language of education, so removing any linguistic obstacles.

MBBS Curriculum in Nepal: Duration and Structure The MBBS program in Nepal consists of a duration of five and a half years, which includes a compulsory one-year internship. The program is structured into three distinct phases: pre-clinical, para-clinical, and clinical.

Pre-Clinical Phase Duration: Initial Two Years

Topics:

Anatomy is the study of the organization and arrangement of the human body. Physiology is the scientific study of the functions and mechanics of the human body. Biochemistry is the study of chemical reactions that occur within living organisms. Community Medicine: Fundamentals of public health and preventative medicine. Pre-clinical Phase Duration: 3rd Year

Topics:

Pathology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of illnesses and their impact on the human body. Pharmacology is the study of medications and their effects. Microbiology is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of microbes and their involvement in the development and spread of illnesses. Forensic Medicine is the utilization of medical expertise in matters pertaining to the law. Clinical Phase Duration: Years four and five

Topics:

Medicine encompasses the process of identifying and treating diseases. Surgery refers to the performance of operative operations and the provision of surgical care. Obstetrics and Gynecology is a medical specialty that focuses on the health of the female reproductive system and the process of childbirth. Pediatrics refers to the branch of medicine that focuses on providing medical care to newborns, children, and adolescents. Orthopedics refers to the medical specialty that deals with disorders affecting the bones, joints, and muscles. Ophthalmology is the field of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of eye problems. The ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialty focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders related to the head and neck. Dermatology: Study and management of skin disorders and therapeutic interventions. Psychiatry is a medical field that focuses on mental health and the diagnosis and treatment of mental diseases. Procedure for Admission to MBBS in Nepal Eligibility Criteria Academic Prerequisites:

Successful completion of secondary education (10+2) or its equivalent, with a specific emphasis on Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. A minimum cumulative score of 50% in the specified subjects is necessary. Minimum age requirement:

Applicants must be at least 17 years old at the time of admission. Medical colleges in Nepal typically mandate that applicants successfully complete either the Common Entrance Exam for Medical Education (CEEME) or institution-specific entrance exams.

Procedure for Application 1. Follow the steps below:

Conduct a study on colleges: Determine the medical colleges in Nepal that provide MBBS programs. Compile and organize necessary paperwork: Collect essential documents, including academic transcripts, proof of identification, and pictures. Application Submission: Complete the application form on the college's authorized website and send it in with the necessary documents and application money. Admission Test: Get ready for and complete the admission examination. Interviews may be conducted by certain colleges as a component of their selection process. Expenses associated with pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree in Nepal Tuition fees for public colleges range from $25,000 to $40,000 for the entire duration of the study.

Private colleges typically charge tuition fees ranging from $40,000 to $60,000 for the entire duration of the degree.

Extra expenses Accommodation expenses for hostel fees range from $500 to $1,500 per year. Monthly food and living expenses range from $100 to $300. Books and supplies will cost between $500 and $1,000 for the duration of the study. Miscellaneous fees, such as examination fees and lab fees, amount to a total of $1,000 to $2,000. Grants and monetary assistance for education expenses Publicly-funded educational grants provided by the government. The Ministry of Education offers scholarships that are awarded based on both merit and financial need. Provincial Government Scholarships are available exclusively to students hailing from particular regions. Academic grants provided by organizations or institutions Merit-based scholarships are awarded to students who demonstrate exceptional academic performance. Need-Based Scholarships are available for students who can demonstrate financial need. Global scholarships SAARC Scholarships are available for students from nations that are part of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Scholarships offered by international organizations such as WHO and UNESCO. Individual scholarships Rotary International Scholarships are available to students who are dedicated to engaging in community service. Local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and charitable trusts provide financial assistance to qualified pupils. Internship Program Duration: 12 months Interns undergo a rotation throughout several areas, acquiring practical skills and firsthand knowledge. These fields encompass Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and other related areas.

Enhancing Proficiency The internship emphasizes the cultivation of vital clinical skills, effective patient communication, and proficient diagnostic abilities.

Advantages of pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree in Nepal Worldwide acknowledgement Medical degrees obtained in Nepal have international recognition, enabling graduates to practice medicine in multiple countries.

Encounter with a Variety of Medical Conditions The diversified population of Nepal offers a broad spectrum of medical issues, which enriches the clinical experience.

Potential avenues for pursuing more academic pursuits Graduates have the opportunity to engage in advanced academic pursuits and specialize either inside Nepal or internationally.

In conclusion Studying MBBS in Nepal provides a cost-effective and excellent medical education, featuring a comprehensive curriculum and significant hands-on experience. By taking advantage of a range of scholarships and financial aid opportunities, students can effectively handle their expenses and concentrate on their academic pursuits. Opting for Nepal as your destination for pursuing MBBS can prove to be a highly advantageous choice, as it offers a strong basis for a prosperous medical profession.

[taneeshadunias]

Navigating the Path to MBBS in India: A Comprehensive Guide

India, with its differing populace and quickly progressing healthcare framework, offers a vigorous stage for medical instruction. Seeking an MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) in India may be a prestigious endeavor that pulls in thousands of hopefuls each year. This article digs into the intricacies of getting an MBBS degree in India, investigating the admission process, curriculum, key teaching, challenges, and future prospects.

Admission Process

The journey to an MBBS degree in India starts with a thorough and competitive admission process. The National Qualification cum Entrance Test (NEET) is the portal for aspiring medical students. Conducted yearly by the National Testing Agency (NTA), NEET may be a single entrance examination for admission to MBBS courses in medical colleges over India.

NEET Examination

NEET assesses candidates on their knowledge of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (Botany and Zoology). The exam comprises 180 multiple-choice questions, with a total length of three hours. The competition is fierce, as lakhs of students compete for a constrained number of seats.

Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for NEET, candidates must fulfill the following criteria:

Age: Minimum age of 17 years as of December 31 of the year of affirmation. The upper age limit is 25 years for general category candidates and 30 years for reserved categories.

Educational Qualification: Candidates must have completed their 10+2 education with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English as center subjects. They should have secured at least 50% marks in these subjects (40% for reserved categories).

Counseling and Seat Allocation

Post-NEET, the Medical Counseling Committee (MCC) and respective state authorities conduct counseling sessions for situate allocation. The All India Quota (AIQ) counseling is managed by MCC for 15% of the total seats in government medical colleges, while the remaining 85% seats are filled through state counseling.

Curriculum and Training

The MBBS program in India ranges five and a half years, counting a one-year required internship. The curriculum is planned to confer comprehensive medical education, combining theoretical knowledge with down to earth abilities.

Pre-Clinical Phase

The first year focuses on pre-clinical subjects:

Anatomy: Study of the structure of the human body.

Physiology: Understanding the typical functions of the human body.

Natural chemistry: Chemical forms inside and related to living beings.

Para-Clinical Stage

The moment year presents para-clinical subjects:

Pathology: Study of illnesses and their impacts on the body.

Microbiology: Study of microorganisms and their role in diseases.

Pharmacology: Study of drugs and their interactions with the human body.

Forensic Medicine: Application of medical knowledge to legal issues.

Clinical Stage

From the third year onwards, students dig into clinical subjects and pick up hands-on experience:

Common Medicine: Diagnosis and treatment of common maladies.

Surgery: Principles and practice of surgical strategies.

Pediatrics: Medical care for infants, children, and teenagers.

Obstetrics and Gynecology: Healthcare related to childbirth and female reproductive frameworks.

Orthopedics: Diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal system clutters.

Ophthalmology: Study and treatment of eye clutters.

Otorhinolaryngology (ENT): Study of ear, nose, and throat conditions.

Internship and Practical Training

The final year is committed to an internship, where students work in different hospital offices, including crisis, surgery, pediatrics, and community medication. This period is pivotal for viable preparation, permitting understudies to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world medical scenarios beneath the supervision of experienced doctors.

Key Medical Institutions

India is home to a few famous medical teachers that offer MBBS in India. A few of the most prestigious ones include:

All India Organized of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)

AIIMS, with its essential campus in New Delhi and branches over different states, is considered the apex of medical education in India. It offers world-class offices, experienced faculty, and cutting-edge research openings.

Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore

CMC Vellore is known for its exceptional clinical training and community-oriented approach to healthcare. It has consistently ranked among the best medical colleges in India.

Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune

AFMC Pune combines medical education with military training, preparing students for benefit in the Indian Armed Forces. It is one of the most prestigious medical colleges in the nation.

Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), Modern Delhi

MAMC, affiliated with the University of Delhi, is renowned for its academic excellence and clinical exposure. It offers a diverse range of specializations and research opportunities.

Challenges and Opportunities

While pursuing an MBBS in India is a dream for many, it comes with its own set of challenges and opportunities.

Challenges

Tall Competition: The sheer number of aspirants makes the admission preparation greatly competitive.

Seriously Curriculum: The MBBS curriculum is requesting, requiring commitment and difficult work.

Push and Burnout: The thorough preparation and long hours can lead to push and burnout among students.

Foundation Issues: A few government medical colleges confront foundation and asset constraints, affecting the quality of instruction.

Openings

Differing Clinical Presentation: India's tremendous and different quiet populace gives broad clinical introduction, planning students for a variety of medical conditions.

Inquire about Openings: Beat medical colleges offer plentiful investigatory openings, contributing to medical advancements.

Worldwide Acknowledgement: An MBBS degree from a presumed Indian institution is recognized universally, opening entryways for advancements and career openings abroad.

Contribution to Society: A career in medication permits people to create critical contributions to society by moving forward healthcare and sparing lives.

Future Prospects

The future prospects for MBBS graduates in India are promising, with various career paths available:

Postgraduate Specialization

Many MBBS graduates pursue postgraduate specialization through entrance exams like NEET-PG, AIIMS-PG, or JIPMER-PG. Specializations incorporate fields like Cardiology, Neurology, Oncology, and many others, giving deeper information and skill in particular ranges of medicine.

Clinical Hone

Graduates can begin their clinical home by joining healing centers, clinics, or setting up their own practice. The request for qualified specialists is ever-present, guaranteeing a steady and fulfilling career.

Research and Academics

Those slanted towards academics and research can connect medical colleges as staff individuals or analysts. This way permits them to contribute to medical science and prepare future doctors.

Administrative Parts

Medical experts can moreover move into administrative parts in hospitals, healthcare organizations, or government bodies, contributing to healthcare arrangement and management.

Worldwide Openings

With extra qualifications and exams, Indian specialists can practice abroad, especially in nations just like the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia, where there's a request for talented medical professionals.

Conclusion

Pursuing an MBBS in India may be a journey of dedication, difficult work, and diligence. In spite of the challenges, the rewards are immense, both in terms of individual satisfaction and proficient fulfillment. India's medical education system, with its mix of theoretical knowledge and down to earth preparation, prepares students with the skills and ability required to excel within the medical field. As healthcare proceeds to advance, MBBS graduates will play a vital part in forming the future of medication and making strides in the wellbeing and well-being of society.

[poojahd99]

Hands-On Course for Aesthetic Gynecology Elevate your Practice with IAVA

Aesthetic gynecology is a rapidly growing field that combines advanced gynecological techniques with cosmetic enhancements to improve both function and appearance. If you're looking to expand your expertise, the Indian Academy of Vaginal Aesthetics (IAVA) offers comprehensive hands-on courses that are ideal for gynecologists, plastic surgeons, and dermatologists. Led by experienced professionals like Dr. Sejal Ajmera, these courses provide invaluable training in both functional and aesthetic gynecology. This blog will delve into the details of the hands-on course for aesthetic gynecology and highlight key aspects such as gynecological surgery workshops, advanced techniques, and certification.

Why Choose IAVA for Aesthetic Gynecology Training?

Expert-Led Training

Dr. Sejal Ajmera and other seasoned professionals at IAVA bring years of experience and knowledge to the table. Their expertise ensures that participants receive top-tier education and mentorship throughout the course.

Comprehensive Course Structure

IAVA offers a range of courses tailored to meet the diverse needs of medical professionals. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced practitioner, IAVA has something to offer.

The Importance of Specialized Training in Gynecology

Aesthetic gynecology involves procedures aimed at improving the appearance and function of the female genitalia. These can range from labiaplasty and vaginal rejuvenation to more complex surgeries that enhance both look and feel. In contrast, functional gynecology focuses on restoring or improving the functionality of the female reproductive organs, including treatments for urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, and sexual health issues.

Course Details

Gynecological Surgery Workshops

IAVA’s gynecological surgery workshops provide in-depth training on various surgical procedures. These workshops are designed to enhance your skills in performing intricate surgeries with precision and care. You will have the opportunity to observe and practice under the guidance of experts, ensuring you gain confidence and competence in advanced gynecological techniques.

Labia Majoraplasty and Minoraplasty

Clitoral Unhooding

Hymen Reconstruction

Vaginoplasty with Perineoplasty

Aesthetic Gynecology Course Details

The aesthetic gynecology course at IAVA covers a wide array of topics, including:

Introduction to Aesthetic Gynecology: Understanding the principles and scope of aesthetic gynecology.

Applied Anatomy: Detailed study of female genital anatomy relevant to aesthetic procedures.

Energy-Based Devices: Hands-on training with the latest lasers and radiofrequency devices used in aesthetic treatments.

Injectables and Fillers: Techniques for using botulinum toxin and fillers in genital rejuvenation.

Surgical Procedures: Training on labiaplasty, vaginoplasty, clitoral hood reduction, and more.

The aesthetic gynecology course provides in-depth training on procedures that enhance the appearance and functionality of the vaginal area. The curriculum includes:

Botulinum Toxin for Vaginismus: Techniques for using botulinum toxin to treat vaginal muscle spasms.

G-Spot Amplification: Procedures to enhance sexual pleasure.

Genital Peels and Fillers: Techniques to improve the skin texture and appearance of the genital area.

PRP in Vaginal Rejuvenation: Using platelet-rich plasma for vaginal rejuvenation.

Functional Gynecology Training Program

Functional gynecology focuses on improving the physiological function of the female reproductive system. IAVA’s training program includes modules on:

Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation: Techniques for strengthening pelvic floor muscles.

Urinary Incontinence Treatments: Non-surgical and surgical options for managing urinary incontinence.

Sexual Dysfunction: Addressing and treating various forms of sexual dysfunction in women.

Advanced Gynecology Techniques

IAVA stays at the forefront of gynecological advancements by incorporating the latest techniques into their training programs. Participants will learn:

3D Imaging for Precision Surgery: Using advanced imaging technologies for accurate surgical planning and execution.

Minimally Invasive Procedures: Techniques that reduce recovery time and improve patient outcomes.

Stem Cell Therapy: Innovative treatments using stem cells for tissue regeneration and repair.

IAVA's courses emphasize the latest advancements in gynecological techniques. These include the use of:

CO2 and Diode Lasers: For non-invasive treatments like vaginal tightening and skin resurfacing.

Radio Frequency Devices: For improving vaginal laxity and skin texture.

HIFEM Chairs: For strengthening pelvic floor muscles.

These advanced techniques ensure that participants are equipped with cutting-edge skills to meet the demands of modern aesthetic gynecology.

Hands-On Training

Dry Lab and Wet Lab Sessions

IAVA’s courses include extensive hands-on training through dry lab (simulations) and wet lab (real cases) sessions. These practical experiences are crucial for mastering complex procedures and gaining real-world skills.

Mentorship and Support

Post-training mentorship is a key component of IAVA’s program. Dr. Sejal Ajmera and other mentors provide ongoing support to help you integrate new techniques into your practice successfully.

Certification in Cosmetic Gynecology

Upon completion of the course, participants receive certification in cosmetic gynecology. This certification not only enhances your credentials but also opens up new opportunities in the field of aesthetic and functional gynecology.

How to Enroll

Enrolling in IAVA’s hands-on course for aesthetic gynecology is straightforward. Visit the IAVA website to learn more about course dates, fees, and application procedures. You can also contact their support team for any queries.

Conclusion

Investing in advanced training for aesthetic and functional gynecology can greatly enhance your practice and patient satisfaction. With expert-led courses, hands-on training, and comprehensive support, IAVA stands out as a premier institution for gynecological education. Don’t miss the opportunity to learn from the best and take your practice to new heights.

Visit IAVA today and start your journey towards excellence in aesthetic gynecology.

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[icareheal]

Expert Article: Understanding the Importance of a Gynae Oncologist

Introduction:

When it comes to women's health, the role of a gynae oncologist cannot be overstated. These specialized doctors focus on diagnosing and treating cancers that affect the female reproductive system, including the cervix, uterus, ovaries, and vagina. In this article, we will dive deep into the world of gynae oncologist and explore why consulting a gynae oncologist is crucial for women's overall well-being.

What is a Gynae Oncologist?

A gynae oncologist is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers. These cancers can be complex and challenging to treat, requiring the expertise of a specialist who understands the intricacies of female reproductive anatomy and physiology.

Why Consult a Gynae Oncologist?

Specialized Knowledge: Gynae oncologists undergo extensive training in the field of gynecologic oncology, allowing them to offer expert care to women with cancer.

Advanced Treatment Options: Gynae oncologists are at the forefront of research and innovation in cancer treatment, providing patients with access to the latest therapies and techniques.

Comprehensive Care: Gynae oncologists work closely with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, ensuring that patients receive holistic care that addresses all aspects of their health.

Emotional Support: Dealing with a cancer diagnosis can be emotionally challenging, and gynae oncologists are trained to support patients through every step of their treatment journey.

When Should You See a Gynae Oncologist?

If you have been diagnosed with a gynecologic cancer or are experiencing symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, or unusual discharge, it is essential to consult a gynae oncologist promptly. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for women with gynecologic cancers.

The Role of a Gynae Oncologist in Cancer Care

Gynae oncologists play a crucial role in the care of women with gynecologic cancers. They work with a team of specialists, including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and other healthcare professionals, to develop a personalized treatment plan for each patient. This comprehensive approach ensures that women receive the best possible care for their cancer. In addition to providing treatment, gynae oncologists also focus on survivorship care, helping women navigate life after cancer treatment. This may include monitoring for recurrence, managing side effects of treatment, and providing ongoing support to help patients live their best lives post-treatment.

The Bottom Line

In conclusion, the expertise of a gynae oncologist is invaluable when it comes to the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers. Women who are facing a cancer diagnosis can benefit greatly from the specialized knowledge, advanced treatment options, and comprehensive care that gynae oncologists provide. If you or a loved one is dealing with a gynecologic cancer, don't hesitate to consult a gynae oncologist for expert guidance and support.

[ainews]

In the world of fantasy creatures, centaurs have always been a fascinating topic of discussion. These half-human, half-horse beings have captured our imagination with their strength, speed, and agility. But have you ever stopped to think about the intricacies of their anatomy? In fact, centaurs possess a unique reproductive and sexual anatomy that has long puzzled scientists and has been a subject of much debate. As it turns out, their anatomy is a perfect example of why the concept of "intersex" is important in the world of science.

Intersex is an umbrella term that encompasses a wide range of variations in sex characteristics, including but not limited to genitals, hormones, and reproductive organs. It is estimated that about 1.7% of the population is born intersex, with varying degrees of physical differences.

So, what makes centaurs intersex? Well, their unique physiology combines human and equine characteristics, resulting in a blend of both male and female sex characteristics. While the upper half of their body is humanoid, the lower half resembles a horse, including the reproductive system.

One might assume that for centaurs, the male and female anatomy would be clearly defined, with the human half being female and the horse half being male. However, this is not the case. Centaurs possess both male and female reproductive organs, allowing for the possibility of biological reproduction with either gender. In essence, they can be considered hermaphrodites, a term used to describe organisms with both male and female reproductive organs.

This unique anatomy of centaurs raises interesting questions about the classification of gender roles in their society. In a world where the lines between male and female are blurred, how would centaurs view gender identities and sexual orientation? Would they have a traditional binary view, or would they have a more inclusive understanding of gender and sexuality?

Moreover, centaurs bring into focus the importance of accepting and understanding intersex individuals in our own world. The concept of gender as a binary has long been challenged by the existence of intersex people, who do not neatly fit into the categories of male or female. By acknowledging and accepting intersex individuals, we can create a more inclusive and diverse world free from the limitations of narrow gender identities.

In conclusion, the fascinating anatomy of centaurs serves as a reminder of the complexity of the world we live in. It teaches us to embrace differences and encourages us to question traditional norms and stereotypes. As we continue to learn more about the science behind centaurs and their intersex anatomy, let's also strive for a world where diversity is celebrated and individual identities are respected.