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dailynewswebsite · 4 years ago

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JFK conspiracy theory is debunked in Mexico 57 years after Kennedy assassination

This man visited the Soviet embassy in Mexico Metropolis whereas Lee Harvey Oswald was in Mexico in 1963. U.S. officers suppose it might be Oswald. Corbis through Getty Photographs

Most conspiracy theories surrounding President John F. Kennedy’s assassination have been disproven. Kennedy was not killed by a gas-powered system triggered by aliens or by actor Woody Harrelson’s dad.

However hypothesis about Kennedy’s Nov. 22, 1963 homicide in Dallas continues, fueled by unreleased categorized paperwork, weird ballistics and the declare of murderer Lee Harvey Oswald – who was later killed on stay TV whereas in police custody – that he was “only a patsy.”

A number of JFK assassination consultants, like the previous New York Occasions investigative reporter Phillip Shenon, see Mexico as the most effective place to search out solutions concerning a potential conspiracy and who was behind it.

Oswald’s Mexico visa from 1963, with entry and exit stamps. Mexican Secretary of the Inside

Simply over a month earlier than Kennedy’s killing, Oswald took a bus from Texas to Mexico Metropolis. He arrived Friday morning, Sept. 27, 1963 and left very early on Wednesday, Oct. 2, in accordance with American and Mexican intelligence.

Was Oswald a type of rogue James Bond who went south of the border to consort with communists, Cuban revolutionaries and spies – or only a deranged killer?

I dug into that query whereas researching my guide on conspiracy narratives in Mexico, and I feel I discovered one thing everyone else missed: a gap within the story of the very man who began a tenacious conspiracy concept about Oswald’s Mexico journey.

Communist Mexico Metropolis

Mexico was a Chilly Struggle sizzling spot within the mid-20th century, a haven for Soviet exiles, American leftists fleeing the anti-communist persecution of McCarthyism and sympathizers with Cuba’s Castro regime. Each communist and democratic nation had an embassy in Mexico Metropolis – the one place within the Western Hemisphere the place these enemies coexisted roughly overtly.

Russian exile Leon Trotsky and his spouse, Natalia Sedova, meet artist and communist Diego Rivera in Mexico Metropolis, 1937. Enrique Diaz/Galerie Bilderwelt/Getty Photographs

In accordance with witnesses from the Cuban and Soviet diplomatic missions, Oswald visited their embassies repeatedly on Friday and Saturday. He was desperately looking for visas to these international locations, which People had been then prohibited from visiting.

Informed such paperwork would take months to course of, Oswald acquired in a heated argument with the Cuban consul, Emilio Azcué. Oswald additionally compelled a KGB volleyball match on Saturday morning to be canceled when he brandished a weapon on the Soviet consulate, earlier than bursting into tears and leaving.

These occasions are nicely documented by the CIA, which within the 1960s had ramped up its Mexico operations to watch communist exercise, even hiring 200 Mexican brokers to assist. The Mexican Secret Service, whose 1960s-era recordsdata Mexico has just lately begun to declassify, additionally tracked Oswald on Sept. 27 and Sept. 28, 1963.

Oswald’s whereabouts for the subsequent three-and-a-half days, nonetheless, stay unknown.

A Mexican intelligence report on Lee Harvey Oswald, declassified in 2019. Pedro Pardo/AFP through Getty Photographs

A conspiracy concept is born

A principal conspiracy about Oswald’s undocumented time in Mexico Metropolis places him involved with harmful Mexicans on the left aspect of the Chilly Struggle.

This story originated in March 1967, when the American consul within the Mexican coastal metropolis of Tampico, Benjamin Ruyle, was shopping for drinks for native journalists.

One in all them – Óscar Contreras Lartigue, a 28-year-old reporter for El Sol de Tampico – instructed Ruyle he’d met Oswald in 1963 when he was a legislation scholar at Mexico’s Nationwide Autonomous College.

Contreras stated he’d been in a pro-Castro campus group and that Oswald had begged this group for assist getting a Cuban visa. In accordance with Contreras, Oswald spent two days with these Nationwide Autonomous College college students, then met up with them once more just a few days later on the Cuban Embassy.

Evidently afraid for his life, Contreras wouldn’t inform Ruyle rather more. He stated he himself had traveled to Cuba, knew individuals within the Castro regime and had blown up the statue of a former Mexican president on campus in Mexico Metropolis. Contreras feared persecution for his political actions.

Contreras did say this wasn’t the primary time he was sharing his story, although. After JFK was shot, Contreras instructed Ruyle, he’d commented to his editor that he’d just lately met Oswald.

The Contreras query

Contreras’ account hinted at suspicious, beforehand unknown connections between Oswald and communist Cuba made shortly earlier than JFK’s assassination.

His story was, in accordance with a memo later despatched from CIA headquarters, “the primary stable investigative lead now we have on Oswald’s actions in Mexico.” U.S. authorities officers wanted to search out out if Contreras was a reliable supply.

Oswald’s mug shot. CORBIS/Corbis through Getty Photographs

Three months after Ruyle’s completely satisfied hour, a CIA official from Mexico Metropolis went to Tampico to query Contreras. Through the six-hour interrogation, Contreras nonetheless refused to enter particulars, however he did say Oswald by no means talked about assassination – solely that he stated repeatedly he “needed to get to Cuba.”

In 1978, a researcher from the U.S. Home Choose Fee on Assassinations named Dan Hardway went to Mexico to research the JFK assassination. He was unable to interview Contreras regardless of a number of makes an attempt, however in an influential report warned his account shouldn’t be dismissed.

The New York Occasions reporter Shenon, who interviewed Oscar Contreras for a 2013 guide on the JFK assassination, additionally discovered Contreras credible. Shenon wrote that Contreras – whom he calls a “distinguished journalist” – “went a lot additional” of their interview than he had with the CIA, alleging “much more in depth contacts between Oswald and Cuban brokers in Mexico.”

Dan Hardway, who’s now a lawyer in West Virginia, nonetheless believes Contreras. After studying Shenon’s guide, he reiterated in 2015 that Lee Harvey Oswald may need been a part of a wider Cuban intelligence internet.

Gap within the internet

Óscar Contreras died in 2016, so I couldn’t interview him myself.

However in my investigation, a minute element of his biography grabbed my consideration – an apparently neglected contradiction that would undermine his complete story.

A 1963 ‘Sol de Tampico’ column by Contreras.

In Contreras’ telling, he fled the Nationwide Autonomous College campus and moved to Tampico round 1964. But Contreras additionally allegedly instructed his “editor” about his encounter with Oswald after the 1963 Kennedy assassination.

Faculty newspapers aren’t frequent in Mexico, and Contreras was a legislation scholar. So how may he have had an editor in 1963?

I assumed his hometown paper, El Sol de Tampico, may maintain the reply. Digging via its archives, I discovered that the newspaper ran a Sunday gossip column within the early 1960s referred to as “Crisol,” or “melting pot.”

Óscar Contreras grew to become the reporter for “Crisol” on June 6, 1963, and continued writing the gossip column in September and October that 12 months.

Whereas Lee Harvey Oswald was in Mexico Metropolis, Contreras was 300 miles away in Tampico. In flamboyant prose, pale again problems with the native paper present, he chronicled the splendid marriage ceremony receptions, quinceañeras and yacht excursions of Tampico’s excessive society.

Three darkish days

I imagine the Sol de Tampico archives discredit Contereras’ account.

Contreras wrote for Sol de Tampico on Oct. 6, 1963. Sol de Tampico

A political correspondent might stay removed from the place his newspaper is revealed. However for a gossip columnist, that will be dereliction of obligation.

This revelation plunges Oswald’s fall 1963 journey to Mexico again into the darkish.

There are different conspiracy theories, together with that Oswald had a Mexican mistress who took him to a celebration of communists and spies.

But it surely’s extra probably Mexico holds no hidden clues to JFK’s assassination.

Conspiracy theories provide assurances of depth and closure, a promise that the largest enigma of the 20th century is solvable. However from what we learn about what Oswald did and didn’t do in Mexico Metropolis, he was a unstable, disorganized loner who couldn’t even deal with journey logistics.

JFK’s assassination is a chilly case. And in Mexico, solely exhausted leads stay.

Gonzalo Soltero obtained funding from a Newton Superior Fellowship by the British Academy.

from Growth News https://growthnews.in/jfk-conspiracy-theory-is-debunked-in-mexico-57-years-after-kennedy-assassination/ via https://growthnews.in

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courtneytincher · 6 years ago

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Central America’s Wars of the ’80s Still Haunt the U.S.

William Gentile/Corbis via GettyForty years ago this week, on July 19, 1979, rebels who called themselves Sandinistas overthrew the Nicaraguan dynasty of the Somoza family that was first installed by U.S. Marines in the 1930s. By 1983, Reagan was using the largely Marxist leadership of the Sandinista regime to feed paranoia about Communist encroachment, as if Central America represented an existential threat to the United States. His policies included overt support for business and military elites, tacit support for death squads, and covert backing for anti-Sandinista Contra rebels accused of gross human rights abuses. If Congress would not back him, Reagan warned, there would be “a tidal wave of refugees—and this time they’ll be ‘feet people’ and not ‘boat people’ [like those who fled South Vietnam after the Communist takeover in 1975]—swarming into our country.”Today, Central American refugees are indeed coming to the U.S. border in numbers the Trump administration claims are overwhelming. The reasons they flee their homes can be traced to this basic fact: neither the revolutions nor Reagan’s counter-revolutions delivered on their promises, while vast numbers of Central Americans continue to live in poverty and fear. Bill Gentile was a young freelance reporter and photographer in Central America in the 1980s, his series, beginning today, takes us into the crucible of the region’s uprisings, which still haunt the conscience of the United States.—Christopher Dickey, World News Editor* * *Part I: The Revolution (1978-1979)* * *Like many journalists who covered Nicaragua, I have been deeply affected by my long relationship with that country and her people. I lived and worked there during some of the most formative years of my life, and the life of Nicaragua herself. It's where I first witnessed war. It's where I first saw violence used to achieve political and social change. It's where I met my first wife. It's where I forged life-time friendships. It's where I came to recognize privilege and power as enemies. Nicaragua also is where I came to understand and to cherish my role as journalist.—Bill GentileContra rebels patrolling the northern mountains of Nicaragua. One soldier wears a ‘USA’ baseball hat, representing the country that aids their anti-Sandinista struggle.William Gentile/Corbis via Getty* * *Night Moves* * *In a small complex of cabañas tucked away under coconut trees on the outskirts of the Nicaraguan capital, Managua, where a contingent of international journalists had set up a base of operations, I was up late one night listening to stories of war. Guy Gugliotta was a Miami-based correspondent for the Miami Herald. Tall and lanky with a soft voice and tired eyes, he didn't easily fit my preconceived notion of a Vietnam veteran and former Swift Boat commander. But he was.I’ve never been to Vietnam but I grew up on imagery of that war in the pages of Life magazine. Huge color photographs made by some of the most courageous and most talented photojournalists of the era arrived each week at my home in the steel town of Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, about 40 minutes northwest of Pittsburgh. They planted within me a lifelong fascination with imagery and journalism.In Managua that night, I smoked Marlboro reds while Gugliotta and I worked on a bottle of Nicaraguan rum and he talked about how he kept himself and his men alive in Vietnam while executing one of the most dangerous assignments of that decade-long war; how he anticipated and calculated for every contingent; how his eyes scoured every curve in the rivers that he and his men were assigned to patrol; how a flash of light off a metal surface or a reflection from the river bank could be the precursor of an ambush and the death of him and the men under his command; how he would instruct his men to respond; and, ultimately, how he would help get himself and his men back home.In the background, I remember, Bob Seger sang "Night Moves” on a cassette plugged into the recorder I used to file reports for ABC Radio News.I didn’t know then that Gugliotta’s lessons on guerrilla warfare might help save my life in the not-so-distant future.* * *The Somoza and Sandino* * *It was 1979 and I was a freelance journalist on a trip through Central America to see first-hand the stories that I had been editing on the desk of United Press International (UPI) at my base in Mexico City. The bureau there covered not only Mexico, but Central America and the Caribbean as well. I also freelanced for ABC Radio, the Baltimore Sun, and the Kansas City Star. At the time, I was more a print guy than a photo guy.I landed in Managua only days before the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), or Sandinista National Liberation Front, declared its "final offensive" against the U.S.-backed rule of President Anastasio Somoza, who had inherited the regime from his father in 1957. A popular insurgency against Somoza family rule had been festering for years and the FSLN managed to seize the leadership role and channel the rebellion into a final push against the regime.The United States’ role in Nicaragua is not one that most Americans can be proud of. U.S. Marines invaded and occupied the country on numerous occasions and for various periods of time beginning in 1909. The first Somoza—Antastasio Somoza García, known as “Tacho”—was installed as the head of the Nicaraguan National Guard, set up the the U.S. as a supposedly non-partisan constabulary. That did not last long. Augusto César Sandino, who had led a guerrilla war against the U.S. Marines, finally agreed to make peace in 1934, only to be murdered by Somoza’s guard with U.S. complicity. And Tacho seized all power in 1937. In return for its role as staunch U.S. ally and anti-communist bulwark in Central America, the United States supported the Somoza dynasty for four decades. (In 1939, Franklin Roosevelt is supposed to have said of Tacho, “He’s a son of a bitch, but he’s our son of a bitch.”) This despite the regime’s consistent and grotesque human rights violations. Then, for six weeks in the summer of 1979 Nicaragua suffered a national convulsion that left some 30,000 of her citizens—in a country of only about 2.5 million inhabitants at the time—dead. Courtesy Bill Gentile* * *A Bullet in the Head* * *As it became clear that the successor to the dynasty, Anastasio “Tachito” Somoza Debayle, was in trouble, journalists from around the world converged on Managua. These included a team led by ABC television correspondent Bill Stewart, and since I was a stringer for ABC Radio, I briefly worked with the ABC team as a translator. By 1979 I was pretty fluent in Spanish, an asset essential to negotiate one’s freedom or one’s life with mostly young, scared, exhausted and sometimes very pissed-off soldiers. Stewart had arrived on the scene after covering the revolution in Iran. He spoke no Spanish. On June 20, 1979, a squad of Somoza's national guardsmen manning a Managua checkpoint stopped the van carrying Stewart and his colleagues. (As it happened, I had left the ABC team a couple of days earlier.) Stewart and his Nicaraguan translator approached the soldiers as the camera and sound men in the van secretly filmed the event through the windshield. The guardsmen made Stewart kneel, and then lie face down on the city street. One of them pumped a single bullet into the back of his head. They also killed Stewart’s Nicaraguan translator, out of sight of the cameraman inside the van. The global broadcast of that footage crushed support of the Somoza regime. Even its most stalwart anti-communist U.S. congressional defenders could not continue to support the family’s continued rule.* * *Suicide Stringers* * *In response to the killing, the vast majority of journalists covering the revolution evacuated the country, some in protest and others out of concern for their own safety. I was one of a handful who stayed.John Hoagland was another. He was freelancing for the Associated Press (AP), making $25 for every picture the international wire service transmitted from Nicaragua to its headquarters in New York City. John was a surfer from California, and he looked it:, tall and tanned with sun-tinged hair. Rumor was that he once was a bodyguard for Angela Davis and carried a .357 Magnum while on the job. A bold Fu Manchu moustache added to his reputation as a take-no-bullshit dude but perhaps masked the decency and the kindness that was his core.Courtesy Bill GentileYoung, hungry and determined to “make it,” John and I began to work together despite the fact that we worked for competing wire services. We took risks that perhaps more sensible journalists might not have considered. The Somoza regime’s use of small aircraft to bomb and strafe the eastern barrios of Managua had become routine during the final offensive. Sandinista cadres had taken positions there and the regime conducted air raids every afternoon, so most journalists stayed away from the place until the raids were over. But not John and I.We made our way one afternoon past rebel barricades and checkpoints along the Carretera Norte that connects the capital to the international airport. We wanted to get close to insurgents confronting a National Guard position along the same key route. As one of the regime’s planes fired rockets at the insurgents, John ducked for cover and I ran toward the open door of a nearby house in a bid to do the same. That’s when a rocket from one of the planes plowed through the roof of my intended refuge, blowing debris through the front door. Three steps faster and I would have eaten a shrapnel sandwich.After that incident, our colleagues began calling John Hoagland and me the “suicide stringers.”Covering the final offensive was a non-stop scramble for information. Fighting between the National Guard and the Sandinista-led insurgency moved from one city to another on an almost daily basis. Death tolls. Body counts. Casualty reports. Refugees. Press conferences. Sandinistas seizing control of towns and cities across the country. More casualty reports. To stay abreast of these always-moving events, the UPI team relied heavily on our “secret weapon.”In his early 60s and blessed with an authoritative demeanor, Leonardo Lacayo was a long-time journalist and local stringer for UPI. At his home on the outskirts of the city, “Don Lacayo” had a short-wave radio system he used to monitor communication between Somoza and his national guardsmen in the field. So we often knew what was happening before it actually happened. Lacayo was such a closely guarded secret in the super competitive world of breaking news coverage that the UPI journalists were forbidden to use his real name even in private conversation, out of concern that our competitors would find him out. We were allowed only to refer to him as “El Hombre”—The Man.* * *The Bunker* * *Anastasio Somoza’s bunker, or command post, was a stone’s throw from the Intercontinental Hotel in what remained of Managua. The city was severely damaged in a 1972 earthquake that killed tens of thousands of its citizens. On the morning after the dictator and his family fled the country, Nicaragua’s National Guard disintegrated as its members stripped off their uniforms and fled. Many tried to pass themselves off as civilians and headed north to the border with Honduras.Courtesy Bill GentileA few yards from the bunker, two national guardsmen were trying to jump-start a car to join their fleeing colleagues. They asked me and a colleague to help them push their car so they could be on their way. As my colleague and I took our places behind the trunk of the car, we could see the body of a third guardsman lying on the back seat. The two guardsmen were taking their dead with them as they fled the incoming Sandinista fighters.The following day and not far down a main street from Somoza’s bunker, the plaza in front of Managua’s metropolitan cathedral filled with thousands of Nicaraguans welcoming the incoming Junta of National Reconstruction, victorious Sandinista fighters and followers.Courtesy Bill GentileTomorrow: Terrible and Glorious Days—The Contra War (1982-1989)Read more at The Daily Beast.Get our top stories in your inbox every day. Sign up now!Daily Beast Membership: Beast Inside goes deeper on the stories that matter to you. Learn more.

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July 17, 2019 at 10:21AM via IFTTT

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dailynewswebsite · 4 years ago

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Studies link COVID-19 deaths to air pollution, raising questions about EPA’s ‘acceptable risk’

By the tip of October, greater than 228,000 People who bought COVID-19 had died. Joe Raedle/Getty Photographs

The pandemic is placing America’s air air pollution requirements to the take a look at because the COVID-19 loss of life toll rises.

The U.S. authorities units limits on hazardous air pollution to attempt to defend public well being, however it may be tough to find out the place to attract the road for what is taken into account “acceptable danger.” Energy vegetation, factories and different air pollution sources launch a whole bunch of million kilos of hazardous pollution into the air yearly.

Because the coronavirus spreads, the sample of deaths suggests there are severe weaknesses within the present public safeguards.

A number of research have explored connections between air air pollution and extreme instances of the respiratory diseases. The newest, revealed on Oct. 26, estimates that about 15% of people that died from COVID-19 worldwide had had long-term publicity to fantastic particulate air air pollution.

My analysis as an environmental well being scientist appears to be like nearer at particular person hazardous air pollution and exhibits how greater charges of COVID-19 deaths throughout the U.S. – significantly within the South – have been related to greater ranges of pollution, significantly diesel exhaust and acetaldehyde, a compound extensively utilized in business.

Many of those chemical compounds are throughout us

The supply bins piled up in my lounge provide a snapshot of how pervasive hazardous air pollution may be. Poisonous gases like acetaldehyde are exhaled by the paper mill that manufactured the bins in Louisiana, the diesel vans that delivered them, and even the gasoline furnace that retains me heat as I open them. The Environmental Safety Company regulates acetaldehyde, partly as a result of in 1986 Dutch scientists discovered that it damages the respiratory system of rodents.

Acetaldehyde is kind of frequent. Along with being utilized in business, it’s present in decaying vegetation, alcohol and cigarette smoke.

Petroleum refineries and chemical vegetation are sources of hazardous air pollution. Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis through Getty Photographs

I usually don’t take into consideration the poisonous emissions ensuing from my client conduct, however I can’t assist however take into consideration well being dangers now, and the right way to scale back them.

Within the early days of the pandemic, I remoted myself. I dusted off my bicycle. I recognized the contaminants in my water system and put in a reverse osmosis filter. To place it bluntly, I used to be afraid. Obese males weren’t faring properly in opposition to the virus, in keeping with an early research, so I attempted to change my danger.

However what can I do in regards to the air I breathe? I can’t cease the vans from driving previous my home, or the metal mill down the road from releasing emissions from its smokestack.

Research reveal the well being dangers

Harvard College and Emory College have investigated the position of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen oxides in COVID-19 deaths by evaluating county loss of life charges to air pollution ranges and different potential elements. Comparable research have been completed in Italy, England and China.

All of those research discovered an affiliation between greater loss of life charges from COVID-19 and long-term air pollution publicity.

Whereas the causal elements are nonetheless unclear, the affiliation could also be associated to air air pollution publicity weakening the respiratory, immune and cardiovascular methods. Uncovered populations have larger vulnerability and fewer resistance to the virus.

My colleagues and I investigated particular hazardous air pollution, together with acetaldehyde, which might be elevated in Southern rural areas which were hit arduous by the virus.

In states reminiscent of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana, excessive COVID-19 loss of life charges have been attributed partly to an older inhabitants that’s extra prone to have continual diseases and reside in poverty. We managed for these elements, in addition to inhabitants well being and preventive behaviors, and located that long-term hazardous air pollutant publicity is placing stress on COVID-19 sufferers in these areas.

Whereas federal requirements counsel that the air pollution ranges in these areas aren’t dangerous, our findings counsel officers must reevaluate a few of these requirements.

The issue with thresholds

In 1991, the EPA extrapolated from rodents to people to set the security restrict for acetaldehyde at 9 micrograms per cubic meter of air – related in quantity to a cup of water in an Olympic-size swimming pool. This normal assumes contaminated air beneath this stage is not going to result in any hurt, excluding most cancers.

However even acceptable exposures to those chemical compounds could also be contributing to COVID-19 mortality charges. There may be nonetheless lots that scientists don’t know in regards to the impression of hazardous air pollution on people.

There are some causes we’d observe results beneath the edge. First, animal reactions to toxins don’t at all times predict human reactions. Second, hazardous air pollution don’t act alone, and publicity to a number of toxins can have cascading impacts. Third, strategies of monitoring and estimating exposures to air toxins aren’t sufficient for characterizing dangers to human well being, particularly for susceptible populations.

[Deep knowledge, daily. Sign up for The Conversation’s newsletter.]

The Toxics Substance Management Act is accountable for addressing dangers from chemical compounds and limiting use of such substances as PCBs and asbestos. A 2016 modification elevated the federal government’s authority to evaluate dangers for communities dwelling close to high-emissions sources. However these dangers have but to take a significant position within the evaluation course of. The federal government in recent times has additionally lower funding for the Built-in Danger Info Service, which identifies well being hazards.

What to do about it

Extra analysis is required into efficient air pollution limits to deal with a number of chemical exposures and their impact on susceptible populations.

Limits, together with funding for air pollution prevention and management expertise, might present incentives for cleaner manufacturing practices and cleaner automobiles. These may be necessary methods for strengthening the nation’s defenses in opposition to this and future respiratory illness pandemics.

Michael Petroni receives funding from State College of New York Discovery Problem Fund.

from Growth News https://growthnews.in/studies-link-covid-19-deaths-to-air-pollution-raising-questions-about-epas-acceptable-risk/ via https://growthnews.in

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