#every time Shimin is mentioned it throws me

[passions-graveyard]

You know what would fuck me up?

A Chapter in Li Shimins POV trapped in the tank.

[assemblyoftheway]

BANTU PLACE NAMES IN SOUTH CAROLINA Joseph E. Holloway, Ph.D. California State University Northridge

When Prof. John F. Szwed wrote "Africa lies just off the coast of Georgia," he was referring to the mainland coastal areas and adjacent Sea Islands of Georgia and South Carolina. These are places where the most direct living repository of African culture anywhere in North America exists. During the slave trade and until 1858, well after the importation of slaves was banned, there was an undetected traffic in illegally transported Africans brought directly from Africa, South America, and the Caribbean to the Sea Islands. In spite of the U.S. Navy patrols sent to enforce the ban against importing slaves, the trade infiltrated the complex watery wilderness off the southern coast of the United States, because of the geographic isolation of the Sea Islands, African culture has been retained in almost every element of Sea Island culture, including art, food, folktales, language, and oral tradition. In South Carolina, African naming practices, net making, fishing practices, the right shout, basketry, and burial ceremonies are woven into the local culture.

The Sea Islands begin north of Georgetown, South Carolina, and extend through parts of northern Florida. Approximately 1,000 islands along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia are separated from the mainland by marshes, alluvial streams, and rivers. Some of the islands are bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and are 20 miles or more from the mainland. They range in size from very small and uninhabitable islands, to the second largest island, Johns Islands, South Carolina, in the United States. South Carolina was settled by a large number of enslaved of Central Africa and as table 1 shows, imported more Africans from Central Africa than any other nation from West Africa. Because of South Carolina’s primary role in the slave trade, it is not surprising to have found 93 African place names of Bantu origin. This search has been aided by a publication of the University of South Carolina, Names in South Carolina, which has provided a wealth of place name materials.

TABLE 1. Summary of Africans Imported into Charleston, S.C. Coastal Region Total Africans (Estimated) Percent Senegambia 17,575 16.5 Sierra Leone 5,593 5.3 Windward Coast 15,554 14.6 Gold Coast 13,070 12.3 Bight of Benin 1,394 1.3 Bight of Biafra 1,914 1.8 Angola 34,166 32.1 Madagascar, Mozambique 473 0.4 Others (Africa, Guinea, and Unknown) 16,767 15.7 Total 106,506 Adapted with permission from "A Reconsideration of the Sources of the Slave Trade to Charleston, S.C.," an unpublished essay by William S. Pollitzer.

Bantu Place Names in South Carolina Place Name Origin Meanings

1. Alcolu Alakana - hope for; long for; desire exceedingly

2. Ampezan Ampeje - let him give to me

3. Ashepoo Ashipe - let him kill

4. Attakulla Atuakuile - let him intercede for us, speak on our behalf

5. Becca Beka - exaggerate; go beyond the bounds

6. Beetaw Bita - handcuffs; manacles; shackles used in slavery

7. Boyano Mbuy’enu - your friend

8. Boo-Boo Mbubu - imbecile; a stupid person

9. Booshopee Bushipi - murder; killing

10. Bossis Botshisha - be beaten down, trampled upon

11. Canehoy Kenahu - he isn’t here

12. Calwasie Kaluatshi - short battlefront; line formed for the chase

13. Caneache Kenaku - he isn’t here (at this spot)

14. Cashua Neck Kashia - river eel

15. Chachan Tshiatshiakana - not know what to do, where to turn for help

16. Chebash Tshibasu - chieftain’s seat (symbolic block of wood on which chief sits)

17. Cheeha Tshipa - make a vow; curse

18. Chepasbe Tshipese - any small portion, piece, bit broken off or taken from the whole

19. Chichessa Tshitshenza -big doing; important events; happening

20. Chick Tshika - guard; keep a secret (imperative)

21. Chinch Row Tshinji bug; insect

22. Chiahao Tshiahu - working group, field gang; family that works together

23. Chiquola Tshikole - strong; well; grown; mature

24. Chota Tshiota - the clan; extended family group

25. Chukky Tshuki - don’t answer; don’t replay; be closemouthed (imperative)

26. Cofitachequi Kufitshishi - don’t allow to pass over; don’t let cross over to the other side, go over the boundary

27. Combahee Kombahu - sweep here (imperative)

28. Cumbee Nkumbi - large, wedge-shaped, slit drum beaten on both sides

29. Coosabo Kusabo - they shake their heads, say "no"

30. Coosa Nkusa - louse, lice

31. Cooterborough Nkuda - turtle, terrapin; cooterpaw

32. Cuakles Kuakkulas - to talk, converse (slang form)

33. Cuffee Kofi Cuffee Town; Akan day name for male child born on Friday

34. Cuffie Creek Kufi -don’t die

35. Dibidue Ndubilu - it is quickness, speed

36. Dongola Ndongola - I fix, prepare, work on Eady Town Idi they are (common form of verb to be).

37. Ekoma Ekoma - finish up, come to an end or a conclusion

38. Elasie Elasha cause to pour, pour out; cause to throw

39. Flouricane Mvula ikenya - a storm is threatening

40. Gall Ngala - an embankment; raised walk between two flooded fields; a dam constructed in a river or steam for fishing purpose (Horse

41. Gall, Cane Gall, Spring Gall, Dry Gall)

42. Gippy or Jippy Tshipi short; Tshitupa tshipi; in a short time, in a jiffy

43. Hoot Gap Huta drag - drag away something very heavy, such as from a cleared area (imperative)

44. Jalapa Shalapa - remain here (imperative)

45. Kecklico Kekelaku - ignore, demean, deliberately snub (me) (imperative)

46. Kissah Kisa hate; be cruel, vicious, sadistic (imperative)

47. Lattakoo Luataku get dressed; put on clothes (imperative)

48. Lobeco Lobaku steal; take by stealth; nibble away at (imperative)

49. Loblolly Bay Lambulula distill, extract (turpentine, liquor, etc.)

50. Lota Lota dream (imperative)

51. Malpus Island Mapusa gun wadding

52. Mazych Majika finished, completed

53. Mepkin Mapeku shoulders

54. Muckawee ‘ Muka wee! Get out! Get gone! Scram!

55. Mump Fuss Row Mumpas! Give it to me! (slang form)

56. Oniseca Anyishaku ! traditional Luba-Kasai greeting

57. Oshila Oshila set fire to, burn up for someone else

58. Opopome Apopome let him be blind

59. Palachocolas Palua tshikole when the strong one comes

60. Palawana Palua wanyi when mine comes

61. Parachucla Palua tshikula when the old one comes

62. Peedee Mpidi dark cloth worn during mourning, during time that all sexual relations are banned

63. Pinder Town Mpinda peanut; a town where enslaved Africans grew peanuts

64. Pockoy Island Mpoka frankness, truth, sincerity

65. Pooshee Mpuishe one who always completes, finishes his tasks

66. Quocaratchie Kuokolatshi to remove a heavy object, such as a log, from the forest

67. Saluca Saluka be in disorder; society all disrupted, upset, in turmoil

68. Sauta Saula weep, cry aloud

69. Shiminally Jiminayi get lost; disappear from sight (imperative)

70. Teckle-gizzard Tukulukaji numbness in limbs from circulation cut off by tight bindings, ropes, chains

71. Toogoodoo Tukuta we are satisfied, filled (with food)

72. Toobedoo Tub-etu our language, our "Kituba"

73. Tomotely Tumutele let us name him, mention his name

74. Tucapau Tukupau we give it to you

75. Tullifinny Tula mfinu pull off, pluck off undeveloped ears of corn; undeveloped peanuts in farming

76. Una Unua drink, drinking

77. Untsaiyi Utusadila serve us, be in servitude to us; wait on us

78. Wadboo Wa ndapu place of joking, teasing, relaxed conduct, indiscretions; African-American community

79. Wambaw Wambau say it

80. Wampee Wampe give to me

81. Wantoot Wan tutu place of the elder brother

82. Wappoo Wapu give it

83. Wappaoolah Wapaula lay waste, pillage, loot (imperative)

84. Watacoo Wataku be naked, without clothing

85. We Creek We! Hey, you!

86. Weeboo Weba chase; put to flight; make a fugitive of someone.

87. Weetaw Wetau ours, our very own!

88. Wimbee Muimbi a singer

89. Wosa Wosa do, make, produce, prepare (general verb for all types of work; imperative)

90. Yauhaney Ya uhane go that you may sell, barter

91. Yeka Yika talk, converse, have conversation with

92. Yoa Yowa be thin, emaciated, weak from hunger;

93. Zemps Zemba come to a halt, be immobile, paralyzed, unable to do or act for oneself