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macgyvermedical · 15 days

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Let's Talk ESRD and Dialysis

Have you thanked your kidneys today? Do you feel grateful when you pee? How about when you eat a little too much potassium or drink a little too much water, do you really enjoy feeling confident that your kidneys will just dispose of the excess?

If so, you probably know the alternative.

About 10% of the world's population has a condition called Chronic Kidney Disease, or CKD. About 2 million of those people are in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and require dialysis or a kidney transplant to live.

Your kidneys are amazing things. They are two organs that sit outside of the sac that hold the rest of the abdominal organs, called the peritoneum. They take in blood from the body, determine the levels of electrolytes, water, and waste products in that blood, and remove the waste products and excess electrolytes and water.

They also have secondary tasks. They monitor the amount of red blood cells in your blood and send out hormones that entice the bone marrow to make more when we're low. They also monitor blood pressure and release hormones that raise that blood pressure when it gets low.

Lots of things can hurt the kidneys. For example, poorly controlled high blood pressure and poorly controlled diabetes are among the top reasons why kidneys fail. Additionally, being dehydrated while engaging in strenuous exercise or taking medications like ibuprofen or naproxen (any NSAIDs) can cause kidney damage.

We measure how well the kidneys are working via the Glomerular Filtration Rate, or GFR. This is a measure of (essentially) how much blood in milliliters the kidneys filter per minute. 90 or higher is normal, while a GFR of 15 or lower is considered ESRD.

So let's say someone has a GFR of less than 15 and the decision is made to start them on dialysis and put them on the kidney transplant list. What options do they have?

Well, they need to figure out if they want to do hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

In hemodialysis, the patient is hooked up to a machine that runs their blood across a special membrane. On the other side of the membrane, a solution called dialysate draws excess water, electrolytes, and waste products from the blood. Hemodialysis is usually done at a dialysis center for 3-5 hours, 3 times per week.

Hemodialysis is better for patients who have either failed home peritoneal dialysis or can't or aren't comfortable with doing the technical part of the job by themself at home. There is also a social component, where dialysis is a chance to meet and interact with other people who are going through the same things they are.

People who undergo hemodialysis have to have some kind of "access", or a way for the blood to come out of their body, go through a machine, and go back into their body. For some people, this is a dialysis catheter that is inserted into the person's chest and looks like this:

It can also be a fistula. A fistula is the surgical connection between a vein and an artery in the arm or leg. Over time, this connection becomes large and rubbery, and each time dialysis is done, two needles (one to remove blood, and one to return it) are placed in the fistula. A fistula often looks like this:

In peritoneal dialysis, the patient instills the dialysate directly into the sac that holds their abdominal organs. The sac itself acts as the membrane, and dialysate draws the electrolytes, water, and waste directly through the sac wall. They then wait a certain number of hours, and drain the dialysate. This can be done manually by the patient during the day, or at night while the patient sleeps with a machine called an automatic cycler. Usually peritoneal dialysis is done every day, with 2-4 cycles of 4 hours per cycle.

People using peritoneal dialysis also need a form of access, but instead of it being to their blood stream, it is to their peritoneum. Here's what that looks like:

The catheter is placed surgically into the peritoneum, and stays there all the time, even in between dialysis sessions.

Someone using peritoneal dialysis has to be very careful when they are accessing their dialysis catheter. This is because the biggest problem with peritoneal dialysis is the risk of a life threatening infection called peritonitis. Someone who gets peritonitis too many times may need to switch to hemodialysis.

Here is what a manual exchange looks ilke:

youtube

Someone may choose to do peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis because it affords more freedom to keep a job or do daily tasks like keeping house. People who do PD also don't have to find rides to the dialysis center. However, they do have to take on more of the responsibility for making sure they do treatments correctly and be able to keep accurate records of the treatments they give themselves. Peritoneal dialysis also tends to be less taxing on the body, and have fewer side effects than hemodialysis when done correctly.

#writing reference #nursing #dialysis #Youtube

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scaredcrab · 2 years

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Coffee shop (drabble)

Character: ☼ Wukong x Reader

✐ Summary: You work in the most relaxing coffee shop of the city. A special client starts visiting the place regularly.

✐ Category: Cute. Romantic.

-✐-☼-✐-☼-✐-☼-✐-☼-✐-☼-✐-☼-✐-☼- ☼ Sun Wukong was going around in the form of a bird when he saw with his golden eyes some beautiful pastries by the window. He couldn't resist entering.

☼ Taking the opportunity to go through the door when someone opened it, Wukong sneaked to the countertop, ready to use his enchanting bird appearance to gain free snacks.

☼ That's when he fell into the trap, he held his gaze in the direction of something that attracted much more attention than the sweets themselves.

☼ Finishing writing down an order on a notepad, you tucked your pen behind your ear and turned to go on your way, until your attention was stolen by the sight of a bird inside your workplace.

☼ "Wow, what a beautiful visitor we have here. Would you like something, buddy?"

☼ You not only gave him a treat, you also let him have a table for two in the corner of the establishment. All the comfort that someone who eats without paying would want.

☼ From there, he decided that he needed to get closer to you.

☼ He started visiting whenever he could, only buying something if you are in your working shift.

☼ Wears a hooded outfit to hide most of his features, and a disposable surgical mask to hide his face when he comes to talk to you.

☼ He usually asks for some peach desserts and a coffee drink to go with it.

☼ Initially, Wukong doesn't like coffee, but he asks for it every time, since you recommended it when he asked your favorite product of the cafeteria. He would get rid of it by giving it for free to Tang later.

☼ But over time you realized that your shy customer had the habit of not drinking all the coffee and always asked for a cup to "drink the rest on the trip".

☼ "What do you think about having a latte instead of the espresso this time?"

☼ You asked what kind of latte art he would like to see in his drink. Uncertain of what to reply, he simply blurted out a "surprise me".

☼ And you fulfilled the agreement! The king almost couldn't drink when he came across the image of a small peach with delicate leaves made from milk foam in the cup.

☼ The next time he came for a latte he asked for a little foam monkey, and the next time he asked for a fireworks image, and so on with different specifications each time.

☼ A small detail that stole the monkey's heart even more was noticing that something started to accompany the latte: You started leaving messages thanking him for visiting on napkins with smiley faces drawn in the corner of the papers.

☼ Of course, he didn't hold you hostage to the latte arts for long. When he saw that with a specific drink you wrote what people asked for on the cup, he had to ask for one of those too.

☼ "Uhhh… Which one of the drinks come in with those plastic lids and a straw, and then you write something on the cup?"

"You mean a frappé?" - You said it with a smile that clearly showed how cute this was for you.

"If this is going to make you write in the cup, than that's exactly what I want."

☼ Once the drink was ready, you did what you normally do, asked the client name to put in the cup. A perfect opportunity to find out something about the peach dessert customer.

☼ Then you heard a cough through the mask, followed by a sly remark.

"Actually, I would prefer to see your number written there."

Needless to say, he got your contact, right?

☼ And everything would have ended as Wukong wished, if not for an unexpected problem. The place that only a few minutes ago had only the two of you had its front door opened, revealing two thieves breaking in.

☼ Facing the sight of your frightened face, he came out of his disguise to defend you. A fight that didn't last long, considering that one of those involved was none other than the Great Sage.

☼ He thought he lost all chances with you, considering that the opportunity to approach him calmly without the pressure of being "The Monkey King" has now been destroyed.

☼ "Thank you so much for saving me, and sorry for the inconvenience. Would a free dessert be a good way to make up for the inconvenience?" - Even after seeing who he was, your attitude towards him hadn't changed, you remained the same charming barista as ever.

Still dazed, the monkey had to shake its head to think again and come up with the perfect answer.

"It wasn't an inconvenience to help you, buuuut a date would be a nice reward if you want my opinion."

☼ Fortunately for both of you, several encounters followed that day. If before there was a crush full of chemistry, now a sugary love has begun to build.

#lmk #lego monkie kid x reader #lmk x reader #lmk sun wukong #lmk fanfiction #lmk sun wukong x reader #sun wukong x reader #wukong x reader

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dreamsatdusk · 20 days

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Black Face Masks and Respirators

@bisexualbaker

I am so sorry for the delay in getting this info to you. There's some Stuff going on over here and it also took me a while to comb through all the mask info I'd squirreled away to find the black ones.

This got so long I decided I'd best post it on its own rather than hijack the original post. In case others see this: this is a post about mask/respirator options in black. I have grouped them in rough categories, but if someone needs a mask to be explicitly certified against a specific standard, please research the specs and confirm for the model you are interested in. Also be mindful of where things are being sourced, as there have been issues with counterfeit respirators. Some resources on that front:

Counterfeit Respirators/Misrepresentation of NIOSH Approval: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/usernotices/counterfeitResp.html (Pertains to N95s)

More Tips To Spot Counterfeit Respirators: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/usernotices/AdditionalTips.html (More general advice for various types of respirators/masks)

The 3M Auras mentioned on the other post are an N95 and unfortunately they do not come in black at this time. (There has been a campaign to get them to make them in black and last I saw, there has been some attention from 3M.) They are widely considered a great mask though and many people find it well-fitting and comfortable. I've tried them and my face shape isn't quite suited to it I think because the staples dug into my cheekbones and I haven't seen most people mention that at all. But they have the best nose piece I've seen on any disposable respirator: very good at conforming to my face, padded, long enough to seal better than others.

Also there are several different models of Aura. The model I found at the local Home Depot was the one with blue rubber straps and I could not deal with wearing those. However the 9210+ has white braided elastic straps and those were great.

Getting into options in black:

"Surgical-Style":

This term is overloaded in many places these days, with everyday usage now often meaning a mask style by this term rather than indicating something like their ASTM level (or even if the have one). In this case I mean earloop face masks, typically but not always with pleated fronts, that are not respirators (e.g. not N95s, etc.). They may not be tight-fitting, as many models are focused on fluid resistance. The ones below are 3 or 4 ply and have various ASTM levels.

Armbrust has 3 ply masks in a variety of colours, including black: https://www.armbrustusa.com/products/usa-made-disposable-face-masks

Bandless style: https://www.armbrustusa.com/products/black-3ply-usa-made-disposable-masks?_pos=5&_sid=c44400ae4&_ss=r

Demetech - https://shop.demetech.us/products/copy-of-black-astm-level-3-disposable-face-mask-with-earloops-size-regular?variant=41286569328816

Altor: https://www.altorsafety.com/facemasks/black-facemask

Cranberry (that's the brand, the colour is black): https://aiden.health/products/cranberry-carbon-black-face-masks-astm-level-3-protection-fda-510k

High filtration face mask - Protective Health Gear: https://protectivehealthgear.com/collections/shop/products/high-filtration-face-mask?variant=42211501637865 These look more like some of the KN95s, but the maker does not claim them to be a type of respirator. They often have sales around holidays, between 35 - 50% off. There's currently a 35% off sale going. They have N95s too but those are only white.

KF94/KN95/FFP2:

This is the type that has more black versions than any other, so the below is only a short list of options.

Different ones are certified to different standards, so read up on individual details as needed.

KF94 - HappyLife: https://kollecteusa.com/products/happylifegooddaykf94-adult-black-mask?variant=35994428637333

KN95 - Armbrust: out of stock on black at the moment though. https://www.armbrustusa.com/products/us-made-kn95-mask?variant=40057768280197

KN95 - BNX:

Large: https://accumed.com/bnx-50-pack-kn95-face-mask-disposable-particulate-kn95-mask-made-in-usa-protection-against-dust-pollen-and-haze-50-pack-earloop-model-e95-black-4.html

Medium: https://accumed.com/bnx-20-pack-kn95-e95m-protective-face-mask-disposable-particulate-mask-made-in-usa-protection-against-dust-pollen-and-haze-black-20-pack-earloop-model-e95m.html

Demetech: https://shop.demetech.us/products/copy-of-d95-blue-particulate-respirator-fold-style-with-black-earloops-box-of-20 I dithered about where to group this - from what they said, I think they took their N95 design and made an earloop version. So it is NOT an N95 (and not NIOSH approved), but is a respirator style.

MaskLab: https://masklab.us They have some black options, along with a whole lot of patterns. Check the details on the various ones for what they are - the ones I looked at are FFP2, which is a European standard.

Powecom: https://bonafidemasks.com/Black-Powecom-KN95-Face-Mask

BreatheTeq KN95: Black in several sizes https://breatheteq.com/collections/all

Various models KF94: https://behealthyusa.net/collections/black

WellBefore KN95: https://wellbefore.com/products/kn95-disposable-fda-ce?variant=32907790909569

N95s:

True N95s always have head straps, not ear loops. They have received NIOSH approval - see link up top for info on how to validate authenticity. There aren't a ton out there in black, likely given their primary pre-pandemic use cases. But there are some.

BNX: They have two styles in black https://accumed.com/bnx-n95-mask-niosh-certified-made-in-usa-particulate-respirator-protective-face-mask-10-pack-approval-number-tc-84a-9315-model-h95w-black-3.html Trifold: https://accumed.com/bnx-n95-mask-black-niosh-certified-made-in-usa-particulate-respirator-protective-face-mask-tri-fold-cup-fish-style-10-pack-approval-number-tc-84a-9362-model-f95b-headband-black.html

Benehal: I've seen positive reports on their black N95, but at the moment I haven't found anything but the white ones for sale on legit sites that ship to/in the US.

Demetech: https://shop.demetech.us/products/black-n95-respirator-mask-fold-style-niosh-approved-box-of-20-size-regular

WellBefore: https://wellbefore.com/products/n95-medical-mask-fda?variant=32909323436161

VitaCore: Okay a note here: these are a Canadian manufacturer model certified to a standard in use in Canada. Their white version is also a NIOSH certified N95. The black is newer and is certified in Canada but the NIOSH process isn't done yet so VitaCore isn't selling them on their US site yet. However they did approve a reseller to sell the black ones in the US here. I've heard great things about these and am getting some to try myself. https://www.protectly.co/products/vitacore-can99-black-respirator-mask

Elastomeric Respirators:

These are reusable respirators, where you replace the filter material, but the overall respirator is reusable (made of rubber, etc). On the one hand they are widely held to be the most comfortable options for long term use and once the initial investment is made, it's less expensive to buy replacement filters than disposable respirators. Even the filters themselves can be used for a long time before replacement compared to a disposable. That said, these respirators are more 'noticeable' in style and like with any mask, not all models are going to be comfy on all face shapes.

I can't think of any ones with black filter materials but some of the respirators themselves come in black or can be painted. And some have housing over the filters such that you don't see much of the filter material itself except through little holes. If anyone is interested in more info on some of the more common models though, let me know.

I'll mention one that has a black faceplate option and is less obtrusive looking in style, that I also have personally tried: FloMask: https://www.flomask.com Adult and child modes available. I advise the halo strap for the top strap for staying put and comfort, especially if you have longer hair. There are two different levels of filter material available, interchangeable in the same respirator. They also have two different mask styles to suit different nose bridges.

Strapless:

I'm only familiar with ReadiMask, and I think those are just in yellow or grey. But mentioning them anyway to cover the use case of needing a respirator without metal parts. They are an actual N95, but use adhesive rather than straps. Very comfortable and can be worn in MRI machines. They'd also work well for things like massages IMO because laying on your face is comfortable in these.

https://readimask.com

https://alliantbiotech.com/product/readimask-strapless-n95-niosh-approved

They have different sizes. But in my experience, unless your face is VERY small, you probably need at least the Large size. There are instructions on how to measure your face for size.

---

Some other notes:

Armbrust has a mask sampler for $40 https://www.armbrustusa.com/products/armbrust-mask-sampler-kit?_pos=3&_sid=debca69cb&_ss=r Some of the samples are masks that do not come in black but some are ones that you can buy in black, 3 or 4 of them (though I think all the samples themselves are white or blue).

#COVID #COVID 19 #Health

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galacticnova3 · 4 months

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I will not shut up about this actually rambling in tags isn’t enough I need to shout my fantasy giant friend spider propaganda into the void or I will explode

-Various domesticated spiders raised just for their silk. Different species can produce silk more suited for some applications, such as construction, clothing, wiring, and even surgical use. Even the largest ones are comparatively cheap to care for, being content to stay in one place and being healthiest when fed once every few days or so. The main drawback would be the time it takes for them to reach adulthood, and the risks to males when it comes to breeding.

-Spiders raised as pets! Sure, people already keep real spiders as pets, but I’m thinking something a bit more tolerant of interaction. Not necessarily social, but able to recognize the people they’re around and not stressed by handling. Maybe they’re otherwise very similar to real life spiders, maybe they’re selectively bred to have reduced fang size or limited/no venom production. Think of all the morphs, too! Given that it’s a fantasy world I feel like it wouldn’t be unfair to have them come in all sorts of colors, since real life spiders of various kinds already do. Even just taking tarantulas into account they can be the usual dark browns, blacks, and grays, but also come in sapphire blue and bright purple and purplish-pink and peach and orange… And that’s not taking into account the fact that they can have beautiful patterns and MORE COLORS!! I mean just look at the Antilles pinktoe— contrary to what the name suggests, they start out bright blue and then grow into adults with a teal cephalothorax and black legs with fuzz that ranges from blueish-purple to red! Heck, imagine being able to keep a hamster-sized peacock spider that actually doesn’t mind being held!

-Spiders raised to protect livestock or even people. Could be brightly colored as a warning to would-be threats, put down thin layers of silk around the perimeter that alert it to anything approaching before it even comes into view, threat displays offer a final chance to avoid confrontation. Could kick hairs as another deterrent which might also act as a way to mark a would-have-been offender. Just imagine the satisfaction of finally having proof the neighbor’s dog is the thing that’s been terrorizing your chickens because your spider has a bald spot on its butt, and the dog has been scratching ever since a bunch of hairs that are the exact same color as your spider mysteriously appeared on it. Sure, scuffles would involve a bit of clean-up, but better to clean up after a spider than dispose of livestock remains.

-This one I don’t have any details for but imagine with me, for a moment: jumping spider if it was like a cat. Y’know how some cats do the begging thing with their front paws? Jumping spiders basically already do that sometimes. Excited tippy taps. Failing the mirror test and trying to either scare off or hide from the uninvited stranger spider. Doing a lil dance like a pigeon trying to woo its owner. Pouncing on toys. Showing off brightly colored chelicerae or booty. Making a little silk nest and hanging out in there. Trying to threat pose at the vacuum cleaner

#rambling

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soie1 · 11 months

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Innovative Healthcare Solutions with SOIE Surgical Products

Modern medicine relies on an array of specialized tools, and SOIE proudly provides essential surgical products for healthcare professionals. These instruments are vital in various medical procedures, ensuring quality patient care.

Suprapubic Malecot Catheter: SOIE’s solution for urinary retention, this catheter offers continuous urine flow, and is inserted through the abdominal wall.

P.C.N. Catheter With Needle: When kidney blockages occur, SOIE’s percutaneous nephrostomy catheter with a needle provides temporary relief.

Ureteral Catheter: Ideal for diagnosing and treating urinary conditions, SOIE’s catheters offer precise ureter examination and kidney stone removal.

Guide Wire ‘J’-Tip/Straight: SOIE’s guide wires expertly navigate the body, ensuring precise catheter placement.

Double ‘J’ Stent (Open/Close): These stents offer urinary tract drainage and maintenance, adaptable to specific needs.

Drainage Catheter: Versatile tool for fluid removal after surgery or due to medical conditions.

Gauze Swab: Essential for wound care, SOIE’s gauze swabs promote healing and prevent infection.

Elastic Adhesive Bandage: SOIE’s flexible, secure adhesive bandages offer support and protection to injured limbs.

SOIE is a leading name in surgical disposable products manufacturer in India. Surgical products are essential for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and successful surgical interventions. While they may not always be in the spotlight, they are the foundation of modern healthcare, reflecting SOIE’s commitment to quality and innovation.

#disposable surgical products

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bellcrossindustries · 3 months

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Top Surgical Disposable Products Manufacturer in Mumbai-Bellcross Industries

Find top-quality surgical disposable products manufacturer in Mumbai at Bellcross Industries. Trusted manufacturer offering a wide range of medical supplies for hospitals and healthcare facilities. Browse now!

#surgical disposable products manufacturer in Mumbai

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medtalksmy · 4 months

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Surgical Equipment Distributor

Welcome to our renowned establishment in Malaysia, where we proudly serve as a premier Surgical Equipment Distributor. Located at No. 12-3, Jalan USJ 21/4, Subang Jaya 47630, Selangor D.E. Malaysia, we are your trusted source for top-notch surgical instruments and medical supplies.

At our dedicated facility, we cater to the diverse needs of medical professionals, hospitals, clinics, and healthcare institutions throughout Malaysia. As a Surgical Equipment Distributor, we take pride in offering an extensive range of high-quality surgical tools and equipment that meet the stringent demands of modern healthcare.

Our Comprehensive Range of Surgical Instruments and Supplies

Our commitment to excellence shines through in our vast inventory. Here’s what you can expect when you partner with us:

Surgical Instruments: We provide a comprehensive selection of surgical instruments, ranging from precision scalpels to advanced laparoscopic tools. Our instruments are crafted with precision and designed to deliver outstanding performance in the operating room.

Medical Supplies: In addition to surgical instruments, we offer a wide array of medical supplies, including sterile drapes, wound care products, and disposable items. We understand the importance of maintaining a sterile environment in healthcare settings.

Orthopedic Surgical Tools: For orthopedic surgeons and specialists, we stock specialized orthopedic surgical tools designed to facilitate precision and effectiveness in orthopedic procedures.

Dental Instruments: Dentists and oral surgeons can find a selection of high-quality dental instruments to support their practice, ensuring the best possible patient care.

Endoscopy Equipment: We offer advanced endoscopy equipment that aids in accurate diagnosis and minimally invasive procedures. Our endoscopy tools are known for their reliability and clarity.

Veterinary Surgical Supplies: For veterinarians, we provide veterinary surgical supplies that cater to the unique needs of animal healthcare.

Our Commitment to Quality and Customer Satisfaction

As a Surgical Equipment Distributor in Malaysia, we understand that the quality of surgical instruments and medical supplies directly impacts patient outcomes. Therefore, we rigorously source and inspect all our products to meet the highest industry standards. Customer satisfaction is at the core of our mission, and we take pride in delivering top-notch products and exceptional service.

Visit Us Today at Subang Jaya, Selangor

If you’re seeking a reliable Surgical Equipment Distributor in Malaysia, we invite you to visit our showroom at No. 12-3, Jalan USJ 21/4, Subang Jaya 47630, Selangor D.E. Malaysia. Our knowledgeable staff is ready to assist you in finding the surgical instruments and medical supplies that suit your needs.

At our location in Selangor, you can experience firsthand the quality and precision of our surgical tools and supplies. We look forward to serving your medical equipment needs and being your trusted partner in healthcare.

For inquiries or to schedule a visit, please don’t hesitate to contact us today. We’re here to support your healthcare endeavors in Malaysia and beyond.

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manohar-international08 · 2 years

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What is disposable surgical wear made of?

Personal Protective Equipment( PPE) essentials have been in global demand due to the COVID- 19 epidemic; therefore, there has been an advanced demand on the supply chain, particularly the need for raw materials. The raw material- fabric for the manufacture of PPE needs to be applied so that the finished coverall products can give the most important two functions penetration resistance and comfort. This article talks about the material- fabric demanded coveralls.

The specifications for coveralls are

Quality compliant( fabric performance of protective garments)

Impermeable to blood and body fluids

Virus resistant

The comfort of wear and tear

Single-use VS reusable

The common fabric material PPE coverall

Maximum disposable coveralls are constructed of non-woven synthetic fabric. As they increase in protection situations, different materials will be laminated together to enlarge strength, drop permeability and conceivably make it flame retardant.

Coating/ Lamination

Coating or lamination provides the fresh functionality of fluid resistance, antibacterial property, antiviral property, etc.

The coveralls are generally made with synthetic fibers listed below

Polypropylene( PP)

Polyester( PET)

Polyethylene( PE)

Single Layer

The most introductory suit will be constructed of a single layer of spun-bond polypropylene and will be permeable and fairly comfortable. It's generally used by workers in paint spray booths or as an introductory barrier in nonhazardous cleanup operations in a substantially dry atmosphere.

SMS Fabric

Another of the most famous and popular materials is known by its acronym SMS. This is two layers of this same spun-bond polypropylene with a layer of melt-blown polypropylene in the medium. This composition is still comfortably breathable, but resists gashes and punctures and has better resistance to liquids. The comfort position is lower than the Microporous Breathable Film.

Polyethylene Coated Polypropylene( PPSB PE) Fabric

For this structure, the spun bond polypropylene is coated and covered with a layer of impenetrable polyethylene. The material is great for waterproof and leakproof performance and impenetrable character. This suit is extensively used for ﬂuid resistant areas, to protect the wear and tear from liquid chemicals or natural hazards.

Microporous Breathable Film

Permeable flicks are thin, microporous, or monolithic flicks that are impervious to liquids( water/ blood) but passable to feasts( water vapors). The adding penetration of hygiene products similar to baby diapers, aseptic towels, and adult incontinence products in developing countries and the increased consumption of decoration hygiene products in developed countries is anticipated to drive the global permeable flicks request. The high cost of permeable flicks compared to conventional flicks is the major restraint for the global permeable flicks request. In the use of PPE and coveralls, Microporous Breathable Film is great to give great comfort and protection. By combining the microporous permeable film with other accouterments, a new type of PPE fabric is made this way.

Tailored layers

Still, one common system to do so is to increase the defensive layers and polymers of the suit, If you want to increase the defensive position of a coverall. The advanced defensive subcaste figures generally mean a drop in comfort; still, if some environmental hazards needed an advanced position of insulation from chemical or poisonous vapors, also an advanced position of defensive suits may be demanded.

Seam Sealing Temperature

The snoot temperature of hot air confluence sealing machines is set as per fabric and tape recording material. The jaw temperature of the confluence-sealing machine should be at least 10 °C advanced than the melting point of the material for an acceptable confluence to be formed. The temperature generally ranges from around 260 °C to 350 °C. A lower confluence sealing temperature saves energy.

Coverall Fabric material conditions

Fabric and confluence both are important for any coverall, and they're explosively associated with the coverall’s protection position. Considering the common routes of impurity from COVID- 19, the critical tests within EN 14126 are listed below

ISO 16604 Resistance to penetration by polluted liquids under pressure( close contact with cases may affect direct contact with fluid driblets from coughs or sneezes)

EN 14126 Addition A Resistance to penetration by pestilent agents due to mechanical contact with substances containing defiled liquids( contact with bed rail or door handles)

ISO 22611 Resistance to penetration by polluted liquid aerosols contagious aerosol of defiled liquid driblets through coughs or sneezes)

ISO 22612 Resistance to penetration by polluted solid patches( contact with defiled dust)

Manohar International is one of the best medical disposables suppliers and has contributed significantly to getting Italy’s best hospital disposable products supplier.

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girltalkblog · 3 months

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#GirlTalk: Mothers of Gynecology - Women Abandoned

A historical insight to women of the past who were forced to sacrifice for the health of future generations, only to be overshadowed by a man.

(The Mothers of Gynecology Monument in Montgomery, Alabama. Photo by Andi Rice/The Washington Post/Getty Images)

Bearers of life, roots of existence, birth-givers if you will. Women are the beginning of life, and without them people would not exist to populate the Earth, not even men.

Yet while this is true, there are enough instances of hate, prejudice and discrimination directed towards women since the beginning of modern society that it feels like society still treats women as

second class to men despite their biological (perhaps magical? I’m not a STEM major, thank you.) powers to bring more life to the world. This is not to say that women are only capable of having children, because time and time again women and non-masculine people have proved themselves to be worthy of praise and credit.

You would think that in 2023, we, as an international population, would have agreed to give credit where credit is due, but unfortunately, that has not been the case for a vast amount of people throughout time, women specifically.

I would like to jump back in time for this topic, to highlight some examples of women who have been, as I like to describe, cheated out of countless credit, awards and eternal recognition for ideas and products that have shaped the modern world.

Can you imagine living without disposable diapers, square-bottomed paper bags or the cure for leprosy? Maybe you can, but I would bet money, though, that the average person would not be able to live without common conveniences like computers, Wi-Fi and for some, hair straighteners.

What about gynecology? Try to imagine living in a world with zero knowledge on female-specific health. Personally, I don’t think we would have made it past the dinosaurs.

In all seriousness, gynecology is one of the most important fields of healthcare, due to its treatment of the health and well-being of half the world’s population. While this field is imperative to the reproductive and sexual health of many, it has a dark beginning and a history of unethical practices.

If you think a couple of men taking credit for DNA’s double-helix structure from Rosalind Franklin was bad, wait until you hear what the so-called “Father of Gynecology” did to achieve that status.

Dr. James Marion Sims was an Alabaman surgeon that practiced and coined many gynecological procedures during the Antebellum period. What is notable about his career are the multiple techniques and devices he created that are still in practice today, like his repairment of vesicovaginal fistulas, which often form as complications from childbirth or injury, the Sims Specula and the Sims position for medical examinations.

He has been praised for his work as a surgical gynecologist, while he was alive holding positions in national medical associations and having statues recognizing his achievements being placed all around the United States post-mortem.

While he was highly praised for his medical discoveries, there were many critics of his work in history and today as well, mainly because of his unethical and inhumane practices against Black enslaved women without the use of any anesthesia.

Sims had a wide access to enslaved people because he mingled with many plantation owners at the time, who hired him to treat their enslaved laborers of various injuries and ailments. He even set up a hospital in the middle of the Montgomery Slave Trade. While he never used anesthesia for his Black patients (because he was apparently one of those racists that was under the impression that Black people didn’t feel pain the same as white people), he did end up using anesthesia for his White patients when he set up the first Woman’s Hospital in New York.

Although I would love to continue talking about the wrongdoings of Sims against enslaved Black women, I would much rather shed light on the women that, in recent times, are being dubbed the “Mothers of Gynecology” (take that, Sims!), or the three enslaved women we know about today that Sims experimented on. Their names were Lucy, Anarcha and Betsey.

While undergoing multiple surgeries each over several years, Sims trained these women to be surgical assistants, so they could take care of each other while undergoing his experiments. The main significance of these women that I want to point out is that without them and their sacrifices they were forced to make, Sims wouldn’t have been given such a high title.

These three women paved the way for modern gynecology, and while they most likely did not consent because they were considered property and could not consent, they still deserve to be recognized for the violations against their bodies, and how all those experiments performed on them led to the female reproductive and sexual healthcare that we know today.

It is important to educate ourselves about these stories and the hidden figures that have been overlooked because it helps us to understand the social culture that surrounds us. What happened to Anarcha, Lucy, Betsey and unnamed others like them was tragic and unfair, especially considering how high of a standard Sims was held to afterward.

I believe it is helpful and almost obligatory to reflect on these events of the past and appreciate all the conveniences we have at our disposal now, how they came to be, and remember those who had to sacrifice in order for future generations to prosper.

☆ Originally Published November 22nd, 2023

#girltalkblog #girltalk #hell is a teenage girl #women's issues #women's rights #gynecological health #women's history #female history #african american history #blog #blogging #girlblog #social commentary #research #writing #english #feminism

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narangmedical · 4 months

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n-bjd · 1 year

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Tek's Respirator FAQ for faceups & modding Ball Jointed Dolls

Copied from DenofAngels original posted date: Sep 21, 2010 Last edited by a moderator: Oct 10, 2016

Are you qualified to talk about this?

Yes. I [Tekenduis] am a Certified Respiratory Protection Tester/Trainer with extensive training in respiratory protection. I work at a company where my staff are exposed on a daily basis to some of the most harmful chemicals in industry. They can and will be exposed to things like silica, isocyanates and cyanide gas. Their short and long-term health is in my hands and I take that very seriously. Deadly seriously, in fact.

What is respiratory protection?

Respiratory protection is a part of your Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) designed to filter or block harmful substances from reaching your respiratory system. The hobbyists primary form of respiratory protection is the respirator. There are a great number of types of respirators, some useful only for certain applications (see more on this below). The two most common respirators for hobbyists are the disposable respirator and the half-face respirator.

The half-face respirator is a mask that covers your nose and mouth, and has cartridges that clip on, screw on, or otherwise attach to ports on the mask.

The disposable respirator looks like a dust mask or surgeon's mask. It is, as the name implies, made to be disposed of after a short period of time.

Why do I need it?

Many of the items that we work with as doll customizers are toxic and many of them are cumulatively toxic. You may feel ill for a while and then get better, but the sorts of diseases that can be caused by sanding processes and spraying processes can come back to haunt you many years down the road. These products can cause Cancer and Pneumoconiosis. Cancer may be treatable if caught early enough. Pneumoconiosis, which is respiratory diseases like asbestosis, silicosis and coalworker's "black lung" disease, is NOT TREATABLE. Your doctors will work hard to make you comfortable while you die. That is the most they will be able to do for you. If you get Pneumoconiosis you will DIE.

☠️ Are you scared? You should be. This is life and death. Do not play Russian Roulette with your health. ☠️

What do I need?

That depends on the application that you are going to be using your respiratory protection for.

Sanding

For sanding applications (including sanding of resin, apoxie and other sculpting materials, and wood), you need a respirator that provides at least N95 level protection. It should say N95 somewhere on the mask itself. If it doesn't say, it is not good enough. There is a scale to protection levels and anything above N95 is also acceptable (of course).

The levels are: N95 P95 N100 P100

What does this mean?

The prefix ahead of the number will tell you if the mask is Oil Proof or Not. The number will tell you the percentage effectiveness of the filter against particles of less than 0.3 Microns. An N100 or P100 filter may also be known as a HEPA filter. On the bright side, having a small supply of these types of respirators will mean that you are following CDC and WHO recommendations for infectious disease outbreaks, which may or may not include the Inevitable Zombie Apocalypse.

P100 filters are also effective in welding applications. N95 and above filters are most commonly found in the disposable variety and may also be referred to as "dust masks" or "surgical masks". Remember, if it doesn't say N95 (or one of the other codes listed above) it is not good enough!**

Spray

This includes all types of spray applications, whether you are spraying sealant (like MSC or Testors) or airbrushing or spraying paints. The process of spraying releases aerosols (and this is true whether or not you are using an aerosol spray can product. Airbrushing paint creates aerosols too!) for which an N95 filter is not effective.

At this point, you will need to move into a mask that protects you against Organic Vapors AND has an N95 filter. This will mean moving into a half-face respirator.

Your respirator is no longer disposable and can be used again and again without ill effect; the only thing that will need replacing is your filter and (if applicable) your prefilter. Some respirator brands have an N95 filter built right into the Organic Vapour cartridge, but I recommend looking for one that does not, for ease of replacement. Cartridges and filters have different life spans and it is more economical to replace only the part that requires replacing (more on this below!).

Okay! I've got my mask, I'm totally safe now right?

No. There are three things that can negatively impact the safety of your mask; poor fit, improper maintenance and environmental levels.

Poor Fit

A respirator (of any type) is completely and utterly useless if it is the wrong size for you and is not fitted properly. Please ensure you've read the section on fitting your mask to ensure that your mask is correctly fit.

How do I know if it fits?

According to my local Occupational Health and Safety Code, a respirator cannot legally be used in a workplace environment if it has not been correctly Fit Tested. Keep in mind that half-face respirators come in various sizes. Most women and men wear a medium but if you have a particularly slender or wide face, you may need a small or large. If you have a crooked nose, or sinus problems, look for a mask made of silicon; you will find it more comfortable than plastic or rubber.

Improper Maintenance

Your respirator is equally useless if you are not properly maintaining and caring for it. This includes care of the mask between uses and replacement. Please see the section on maintaining your mask for more information.

Environmental Levels

Environmental levels are important to take into account, as your mask can only protect you against the things it was designed to protect you against up to a certain concentration. since I'm sure none of us have the money or inclination to commit to environmental testing of our workspaces, the best way to ensure this is to make sure that the area in which you are working is properly ventilated before you start your project, and until well after you are finished. Open your windows, PREFERABLY PLEASE work outside so that there is fresh air circulating in the area you're working in. If the air is particularly still (no breeze) while you're working, it is worth investing in a simple fan. Set it up in your window, with the fan blowing out the window (ie: the front of the fan where the air blows from facing towards the window). This will help pull the toxins out of your room. Alternately, if you are working outdoors, set the fan up on your table to help promote air movement.

Fit Testing

Fit testing uses a noxious but harmless substance (usually either irritant smoke or Bitrex; an additive used to create bitterness in household cleaners to prevent children from tasting them) to ensure that the seal between the mask and the face is tight and proper. Qualitative fit testing is the most common type, and requires the user of the mask to confirm the presence of the noxious substance. In some cases (depending on chemicals in the environment or failure of the Qualitative test) Quantitative fit testing may be required; this type of fit testing uses scientific sensors to record levels inside the mask. If you have access to fit testing, especially with a half-face respirator, I encourage you to take advantage of it! Fit testing needs to be redone every two years, in the case of weight loss or gain of more than 15 lbs or in the case of surgery (including dental) involving the face.

And if I don't have access?

I have done hundreds of fit tests for staff at my place of employment and I can usually tell how well a mask is likely to fit prior to the fit test being done. This is done with a simple self test. In order to be effective this test must be done every single time you use the respirator (even if you pull it down to talk to someone and put it right back on!).

For Disposable

Step 1: Put your respirator on. Step 2: Cup your hands tightly over your mouth and nose, over top of the respirator. Step 3: Suck in a long breath. You will get air, but it should all be coming in through the small cracks between your fingers. You should not feel any air coming in from around the nose piece or under your chin. If you do, refit the mask and try again. If you cannot complete this successfully, you will need either a larger or smaller mask. Step 4: With your hands still over your mouth and nose, blow out. Again, you should feel the air moving past your fingers, and never around the bridge of your nose or under your chin.

For Half-Face

Step 1: Put on your mask and make sure the straps are tight. Step 2: Cover the cartridge, as much as possible, with the palm of your hands and suck in. The mask will likely deflate slightly. You should feel some air coming in through the cartridge but no air coming in from the sides, under your chin, or around your nose. If you do, adjust the mask and try again. If you cannot complete this step successfully, you will need either a smaller or larger mask. Step 3: Cover the exhalation valve of your respirator with the palm of your hand and blow out. You should feel the mask inflate slightly and again, you should feel no air escaping from the side of your mask, under your chin or around your nose.

😷 How do I maintain my mask?

Respirator maintenance is exceptionally simple, takes very little time, and ensures that you are not exposing yourself to toxins. Take the extra few minutes to ensure that your respirator is working right!

Before you put it on

For Disposable

Do a quick visual check of the respirator. Is it dirty? A little discolouration from the dust is fine, but too much might mean that your respirator is clogged. I'll discuss this a bit further down. Check that your straps are still in good condition. Check that the foam piece at the nose is intact (if applicable) and that the metal part that bends across your nose is not bent out of shape. If your mask is clogged or not in good condition, replace it.

For Half-Face

Do a quick visual check of the inside and outside of your mask. Make sure that the valves (the little rubbery seals on the inhalation and exhalation points) are present and in good condition. Make sure there are no cracks or tears in your mask. Ensure that your filters are firmly attached. Correct any of these issues before proceeding with your work.

After you take it off

For disposable

Do another quick visual check of your mask. If everything is still in order, seal your mask inside a baggie and put it somewhere safe.

For Half-Face

Wipe all surfaces of the mask that touch your face with a respirator cleaning wipe. If you don't have any, use the following: For masks made of natural rubber, use a non-alcohol based antimicrobial wipe. For masks made of silicone or plastic, wipe with isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, or rubbing alcohol). This step is less about the effectiveness of your mask and more about preventing build up of oils from the skin which can degrade the mask over time, necessitating replacement, as well as causing skin breakouts!

Seal your mask inside of a baggie or well-sealed (and clean!) coffee can and put it somewhere safe.

🧼 Once a month you should remove the cartridges and clean your mask with soap and water, and hang it up to dry. This keeps the inside of your mask smelling pleasant. Sweat and condensation from your breathing can build up in there over time and cause the mask to smell unpleasant.

🤔 How often do I need to replace my respirator, or cartridges?

Filters will only last so long! Keep in mind that whether or not you are actively breathing through your respirator (IE: wearing it) it is still filtering the air around you. The average Organic Vapour filter, which is what you should be wearing at the least for spraying, lasts approximately 24–48 hours. That's it! Not very long, right?

The good news is that you can extend the life of your filters dramatically by placing them into a sealed container, like a baggie or coffee can, as discussed in the section above. My staff generally see a lifetime of 1–2 weeks from their filters, and most staff are using their filters at least once a day.

💁 How do I know it's time to replace them?

For Disposable, N95 and above Your respirator is a simple filter made up of layer of material that filter out small particulates from the air. Eventually your respirator will become clogged and need to be replaced. This is not a matter of time, it is a matter of volume of filtering, something not easily tracked.

As a general rule of thumb, when your filter is ready to be replaced, you will know it because it will get harder to suck a good deep breath in. As soon as you start to feel this, replace your respirator. For Half-Face

Organic Vapour Cartridge – Because this is filtering vapours (or aerosols), you will know it is time to replace it the moment you smell or taste anything through the filters; even the tiniest bit. Throw them out and get new ones.

N95 Prefilter

Please see the explaination for disposables above, your prefilter works the same way. If your prefilter is built into your organic vapour cartridge, it is a matter of volume of filtering, something not easily tracked.

I've got this bandana/old respirator of my uncles/some other thing…

❌ Cloth is not an effective filter against either particulate or vapours. ❌

Your respirator needs to be yours. Quite aside from the obvious sanitation issues, if the respirator belongs to someone else, it may not fit correctly and is therefore ineffective.

You're just trying to scare us. No one actually gets sick from this. ☠️ ☠️

There are several people here on the [DenofAngels] forums that have stepped up to talk about the health problems that they have suffered as a result of exposure to chemicals in either this hobby or others.

NON ORIGINAL POST NOTE: Before you dismiss the risks involved please realize that even my friend, a professional artist has experienced the direct effects of long term exposure to harsh chemicals and resins for both film and personal BJD casting even when frequently taking proper protection.

🛍️ 🛒 Where do I get these things?

Disposable respirators are readily available in home improvement stores and pharmacies; just make sure you get one that says N95, or above, as discussed earlier. You can also refer to post #3 below for a Shopping Guide.

Half-face respirators are sometimes available in home improvement stores, but are also readily available from safety suppliers (many of which are open to the general public) and online.

🤢 I worked without my mask and now I'm not feeling well. Am I going to be okay?

This question is best discussed with your Doctor. My speciality is prevention, not treatment. I can tell you what results you may incur, but I cannot and will not attempt to diagnose your health, especially not over the internet.

Masks & Respirator Purchase links:

⚠️⚠️⚠️ THIS LIST IS FROM 2010⚠️⚠️⚠️ I AM ONLY INCLUDING PRODUCTS THAT STILL EXIST:

Disposable Respirators ("Dust Masks")

3M 8210 Lowes & Home Depot

3M 8210 Plus As above, but with a fabric elastic strap, so they last longer, but tend to be a bit more expensive.

3M 8511 Similar to the 8210 series, but these have an exhalation valve, which can prove more comfortable in hot or humid environments.

Half-Face Respirators (Rubber)

3M 6000 Series Half-Face Respirator Amazon (Small) Amazon (Med.)

3M 6001 Organic Vapour Cartridges & 3M 5N11 N95 Prefilters Cartridges Amazon Resupply Kit (OV Cartridges and Prefilters)

Starter Kits Amazon

Half-Face Respirators (Silicon)

3M 7500 Series Half-Face Respirator Amazon (Small) Amazon (Medium) Amazon (Large)

Starter Kits Amazon (Small) Amazon (Medium) Amazon (Large)

This is not my original post, I am simply sharing this information as not everyone can access the DenofAngels forums! Stay safe and creative guys!

#bjd #faceup #ball jointed doll #psa #warning #health and safety #respiratory health

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