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alisaint · 9 months ago

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Hundreds of protesters have taken to the streets in Cuba in recent days, furious over the lack of food and electricity. With chants of "hunger" and "we want food," the demonstrations have centered in Santiago de Cuba, the country's second-biggest city, and surrounding towns in the southeastern area of the island. They are the biggest anti-government protests since 2021, when thousands of Cubans took to the streets, triggering a massive crackdown by the state. Since then, the economic situation has deteriorated further, and analysts say the crisis is the worst in at least three decades. Claribel, 58, a resident of Santiago, says hardly a day goes by when there aren't at least five hours of power outages. Food is in such short supply that her 2-year-old great-nephew is being fed juice instead of milk. Public transportation has dried up because of a lack of fuel. "The situation here is horrible," Claribel says. "To live in Cuba is a tragedy." NPR is withholding her last name for her safety. Cuba's economy began tanking during the pandemic, when international tourism plummeted and inflation soared. During that same period, former President Donald Trump imposed a range of sanctions on Cuba after re-designating the country a "state sponsor of terrorism." But conditions in the country have rapidly spiraled in recent months, especially in poorer regions outside of the capital of Havana. Fuel prices have increased five-fold since the beginning of March. The cost of public transportation has also soared, to the extent there is any. The Cuban government suspended all sports tournaments because of a lack of transportation. Blackouts have become a constant. The communist government — which uses a rationing system to provide a certain amount of food per household — has even started limiting its allocations of bread to children and pregnant women. Some analysts say conditions are worse than the economic crisis that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, a time known as the Special Period. "I was a kid but I recall that during the Special Period we got a ration of bread daily. Every Cuban. Not this time," says Ricardo Torres, a Cuban economist at American University in Washington, D.C. He says Cuba's problems, from food shortages to power outages, are the result of the country's massive financial deficit and lack of money to pay for imports. Dilapidated power plants have shut down and there's not enough fuel to power those still working. "Around 95% of Cuba's electricity is produced by power plants that burn oil. Fuel oil, diesel, even crude oil. So if you don't have the fuel, you cannot operate the plants," Torres says. In other words, he says, there's "no fuel, no electricity."

For more than two decades, Cuba relied on oil-rich Venezuela — a political ally — for crude and fuel in exchange for sending doctors and school teachers to the South American country. But as Venezuela's oil production plummeted in recent years, so did its generosity toward Cuba. Russia is now believed to be sending a large oil tanker to help the island amid the shortage, according to news reports citing a researcher at University of Texas who closely tracks shipping to Cuba. Cuba's president said in a statement his government will address protesters' concerns, but also denounced "enemies of the revolution" for trying to destabilize the country and accused the U.S. of stoking the protests. A spokesperson for the Cuban government blamed the economic crisis on decades-old U.S. sanctions that have complicated the island's purchase of fuel and food. That's partially true, says Johanna Cilano Pelaez, a researcher with Amnesty International. "But it's irresponsible to blame U.S. sanctions alone for the state of the Cuban economy," she says. For now, the Cuban government's response to the protests has been relatively subdued compared to 2021, when hundreds of demonstrators were arrested and some sentenced to up to 25 years in prison. While authorities have detained some protesters in recent days, they have also given out extra rice, milk and sugar in an effort to appease the growing outcry. In Santiago de Cuba, Claribel says Cubans' anger and frustration are beginning to outweigh their fear of government retaliation. "The people aren't going to back down," Claribel says. "If there hadn't been protests, we would still be without rice and chicken." When she heads out to demonstrate, she plans to bring her grandchildren. "They can't touch the children," she says.

#cuba #pol #long post #the last statement made me go 🤨 bc they very much did touch the children last time as in the military literally used them #as human shields lol but. i understand what she means and the general sentiment.

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cawfp · 2 years ago

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California, let's #StopBigOil

In 2020, while working families across California suffered economic turmoil amidst a global pandemic, we also saw peak gas prices reaching as high as nearly $6. While oil companies claimed that the cause of this increase was state taxes or the war in Ukraine,

the reality is that these prices were the result of price gouging and corporate greed.

In 2021, California taxes on oil had not increase and the United States was EXPORTING more petroleum than it was importing. Crude oil costs were actually dropping as gas prices remained high.

Long story short, oil companies took advantage of Californians in an already trying time for the sake of their own financial benefit. As a result, oil companies saw RECORD profits and face no penalties.

In effort to stop this from happening again, California Senator Nancy Skinner introduced Assembly Bill 2, an oil price gouging penalty bill. This bill is what working families across California need & deserve, but it won’t pass without support from our CA Legislators.

Sign our petition to let your legislator know that you’re watching & you expect their support for SB2 to #StopBigOil : https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/support-an-oil-price-gouging-penalty

#california #vote #oil and gas #wfp #working families party #progressive #tax the rich #eat the rich #pro union #environment #climate action

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beardedmrbean · 1 year ago

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The "Lukoil - Neftohim" refinery in Burgas has promised Bulgarian Prime Minister Nikolai Denkov to pay over 500 million leva (250 million euros) in taxes, and in return the state will keep the derogation (exception) from the European ban on the import of Russian crude oil. This was announced to the media by the co-chairman of the DPS parliamentary group, Delyan Peevski, after a meeting of MPs and members of the cabinet on the subject.

Cancellation of the derogation was requested by GERB last week, and DPS supported the idea. According to Peevski, Prime Minister Nikolai Denkov, the co-chairmen of the "We Continue the Change-Democratic Bulgaria" group Kiril Petkov and Atanas Atanasov attended today's meeting, and Finance Minister Asen Vassilev participated online.

The deputy added that if the money is not paid within a week, GERB and DPS will submit a proposal to parliament to cancel the derogation for the import of Russian oil. "Let Lukoil hear us clearly on this, not to think that they will not pay their taxes in Bulgaria," said Peevski.

The chairman of the energy commission, Delyan Dobrev (GERB), added that parliament will demand that the executive power collect another 1 billion leva from Lukoil, with which to compensate fuel consumers. He recalled that according to the law adopted in January, 70 percent of the difference between the price of Russian oil of the Urals type and the Brent type should enter the energy security fund and be returned to consumers in the form of compensation. Dobrev said that at the beginning of August, a calculation was made of how much leva Lukoil did not contribute, because the law was not implemented by two successive cabinets, and it turned out that the amount was 622 million leva. Divided by fuel consumption in the country it makes 0.73 cents, which people should have received for every liter of gasoline or diesel since January, Dobrev calculated, quoted by BTA.

Peevski announced that GERB and DPS will introduce a legal amendment to place Lukoil's fuel storage bases under the management of the State Agency "State Reserve and Wartime Stocks". "We want to free Bulgaria from the monopoly on Lukoil's storage facilities," commented Peevski.

In April, the Commission for the Protection of Competition fined the oil company 195 million leva for abuse of a dominant position, because it did not allow other companies to the fuel warehouses.

Until recently, "Lukoil Neftohim" did not pay taxes in Bulgaria, reporting a loss, and since the beginning of 2021, it has been working "at the customer's request", which made it profitable. At the beginning of last summer, it became known that the company had paid profit tax for the first time in 15 years.

#nunyas news

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mariacallous · 1 year ago

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In a private letter delivered to the White House earlier this month, the prime minister of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq warned that Kurdistan—and Iraq’s post-2003 federal system—faces imminent collapse unless the United States intervenes. Masrour Barzani sent his extraordinary warning amid mounting political and economic challenges for the autonomous region and an increasingly belligerent government in Baghdad.

The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is important to U.S. interests in several ways. Its Peshmerga forces are key partners in the fight against the Islamic State and other extremist groups and crucial to the West’s counterterrorism efforts in both Iraq and Syria. The region has historically constituted a buffer against tumult and turmoil in the rest of Iraq, providing a safe haven for nearly 1 million internally displaced people and refugees, while also containing the ascension of militant Iran-backed militia groups responsible for conducting numerous attacks on Western forces.

However, with Washington now preoccupied by its intensifying rivalry with China and the war in Ukraine, little attention is being paid to Kurdistan. Sensing America’s focus is elsewhere, the KRG’s rivals, including militia groups designated as terrorists by the United States, have started circling. Kurdistan’s collapse would spell upheaval and chaos with implications stretching well beyond Iraq.

The KRG has endured a string of troubles in recent years. Soon after Barzani took office in 2019, his cabinet was confronted with a pandemic, a military escalation between the United States and Iran and its affiliated militias, and an economic crisis after oil revenues took a huge hit when crude prices plummeted in 2020.

Kurdistan has also been undermined by the rivalry between the two largest political parties, Barzani’s Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK). Their division weakened the Kurds’ bargaining power in Baghdad during negotiations over forming an Iraqi government after the 2021 parliamentary elections. Iran and its allies, including the Popular Mobilization Force (PMF)—the 200,000-strong umbrella militia organization—exploited Kurdish discord by allying with the PUK to expand their influence over the Iraqi state.

Iran-backed groups have also consolidated their control over the Iraqi judiciary, paving the way for a February 2022 ruling that Kurdish oil exports through Turkey were illegal. This influenced an international arbitration decision a year later that came to the same conclusion. Since then, Kurdish oil exports have stopped, crippling the region’s economy and impacting global energy markets—a win for the PMF and its hopes of neutering Kurdistan’s economic independence.

Earlier this month, Iran-aligned groups massacred Kurdish protesters in the disputed oil-rich city of Kirkuk, which Kurdish forces had withdrawn from in 2017 after the PMF mobilized its militias with federal government backing. As part of an agreement between Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani and Barzani, the KDP was to return to a base in the city, but the PMF moved to torpedo this by blocking a highway connecting Kirkuk to Erbil and other Kurdish provinces in August. The disruption to the lives of people who rely on the highway daily prompted the protests. Following the massacre, the Federal Supreme Court in Baghdad, which is aligned with the PMF, suspended the order for the KDP’s return.

The divisions between the KDP and PUK have deeply undermined the KRG. Indeed, fraternal rivalry has been the Kurds’ Achilles’ heel for decades. Between 1994 and 1998, the two parties fought a civil war for control of the region, which was finally resolved through U.S. mediation. Their 1998 peace settlement paved the way for a strategic agreement that became the basis for Kurdistan’s golden era after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, which gifted the Kurds outsized influence over the Iraqi state, expanded their autonomy, and precipitated an unprecedented economic boom.

While today’s rivalry represents a clash of personalities within a new generation of Kurdish leaders, it also reflects the two parties’ respective trajectories since 2003. The KDP owes much of its power to its long-standing organizational discipline, which has delivered it electoral success and allowed it to control the prime minister’s office since 2012. The PUK, on the other hand, has been factionalized almost since its inception in the 1970s. In 2021, Bafel Talabani launched a coup to oust his cousin Lahur as co-chair of the party and head of its counterterrorism and intelligence forces.

These violent dynamics have degraded the PUK’s ability to present a serious alternative to the KDP. Instead, it has opted for spoiler tactics, working with Iran-aligned groups in Baghdad to undermine its rival politically and economically. The PUK leadership regularly courts Iran-aligned individuals and factions sanctioned by the U.S. Treasury Department, sometimes against the backdrop of missile and drone attacks on Kurdistan by these groups.

This raises serious questions for Washington and its relationship with the party, but also for the PUK itself. Looking to Iran and Baghdad may help the PUK reassert itself locally, but undermining Kurdistan as a whole to weaken the KDP is dangerously myopic since it relies on the good faith of the PMF, and it is potentially existential as it risks gambling the autonomy of Kurdistan in the long term.

Kurdish woes and Iranian encroachment into Kurdistan have far-reaching implications for U.S. interests. The KRG is a vital ally in the campaign to secure the enduring defeat of the Islamic State. Intra-Kurdish divisions, Iran’s attempts to subjugate the Iraqi state, and Kurdistan’s economic turmoil all undermine the U.S. campaign against the Islamic State and empower Iranian-backed militant groups designated by Washington as terrorists. The U.S. base in Erbil province is one of Washington’s most important military bases and listening posts in the Middle East, serving as a special operations hub and a staging site for operations in both Iraq and Syria.

The very presence of this base requires a political order that is conducive to maintaining the U.S.-KRG partnership, something Iran is hoping to weaken and, eventually, demolish by instrumentalizing the PUK. Iran has proved willing to play the long game to supplant the United States in Kurdistan, as it has done in Baghdad over the past two decades.

Washington must, therefore, step in to pressure the PUK into ending its collusion with Tehran. The PUK and its leadership risk breaching U.S. sanctions that are designed to inhibit the capabilities of the designated Iran-aligned groups and officials the PUK partners with.

These sanctions could underscore an effort by Washington to establish red lines for the PUK, both to contain Iran’s encroachment and to protect the credibility of its sanctions infrastructure. Washington must also discourage the PUK from threatening to return Kurdistan to the dual administrative structure of the 1990s, which would effectively dissolve the autonomy of Kurdistan and its hard-won rights under the 2005 Iraqi constitution. This system saw the two ruling parties govern their stronghold provinces as two separate administrations and empowered Iraq’s neighbors, while undermining U.S. strategic interests in Iraq and the region.

Regional actors such as Turkey can also be brought into play. Ankara has escalated its drone attacks on the fighters and affiliates of the Turkish-Kurdish rebel group, the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), who have found refuge in Sulaymaniyah, the PUK’s stronghold province. That has destabilized the province and added to the party’s woes, despite the PUK’s efforts to discourage further strikes.

The PUK cannot force the PKK to withdraw, since this would trigger a violent conflict, but it can ill afford further Turkish attacks. However, it could strike a bargain with Ankara premised on a commitment to end its collusion with the PMF, which has PKK affiliates within its ranks. This would ensure that the PUK no longer directly or indirectly enables the PKK. It diminishes Iran’s influence, alleviates Turkish apprehensions, and reduces the geopolitical tensions that result from Turkish incursions.

Moreover, Washington has failed to resist or condemn Baghdad’s punitive measures against the KRG’s economy, which have been engineered by Iran-aligned groups through the subjugation of the judiciary in Baghdad. The suspension of Kurdistan’s oil exports has also stopped 500,000 barrels per day of Kurdish oil from reaching global markets: some 10 percent of Iraq’s total exports, or 0.5 percent of global production. This has reverberations well beyond the region; Europe has relied increasingly on Kurdish oil since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

The U.S. has so far been a bystander to both the intra-Kurdish escalation and Iran’s encroachment. Washington may believe that these problems are internal Kurdish matters, but this is a mistake. The ascension of the PMF and, therefore, its ability to exploit Kurdish discord can be directly tied to the legacy of U.S. engagement in Iraq over the past two decades, including Washington’s acquiescence to the group’s takeover of Kirkuk in 2017.

The KRG has proved resilient, but this has its limits. A full collapse of the region’s economy would ultimately force it to capitulate to Iran. In practice, this means giving Iran a greater say over the contours of the KRG’s institutions, its armed forces, borders, and, most importantly, the future of the U.S. base in Erbil.

Preventing this would require the United States to mediate intra-Kurdish tensions to unify Kurdish ranks in Baghdad to protect the KRG’s autonomy and restore its budgetary entitlements and its right to electorally contest disputed territories such as Kirkuk without being subjected to the coercive tactics of the PMF—while maintaining a healthy democratic rivalry at home.

If Washington is serious about safeguarding its interests, it could start by convincing the PUK that its best hope of reversing its decline is by addressing its internal crisis, and not by turning to Iran—a self-defeating exercise. The PUK will struggle to match the KDP’s political supremacy: At best, it can hope to slow its rival’s ascension. At worst, its collusion with Iran gambles the fates of both the party and Sulaymaniyah.

Secondly, the U.S. could focus its mediation on Kurdistan’s gas reserves, potentially addressing global shortages in the long term while propping up the KRG’s economy. The KDP has the political and constitutional legitimacy to move the sector forward and attract investors—but gas reserves are located primarily in PUK-controlled areas.

The U.S. could encourage dialogue over developing these gas fields and securing Kurdistan’s position in what the International Energy Agency has described as a “golden age” of natural gas. It is precisely here—at home, and not in Baghdad or Tehran—where the PUK, with U.S. support, can push for its economic stake through a comprehensive arrangement with the KDP that includes a revenue-sharing agreement.

Such a transactional engagement could be a stepping stone toward a wider settlement. The PUK blames the KDP for hoarding revenues and the fact that Sulaymaniyah has lagged behind other provinces, but that argument is weakened when Sulaymaniyah’s degradation is a reflection of the degradation of the PUK.

The correlation is not coincidental. By continuing with its current path, the PUK risks detaching Sulaymaniyah’s 700,000 inhabitants from the economic transformation being led by Barzani, which will only add to the frustration of its supporters. That reform agenda could rescue Kurdistan from dependence on oil by diversifying the economy, improving efficiency, and promoting good governance.

The alternative for the United States—standing by and watching the collapse of the KRG—would be a disaster for Iraq’s Kurds and for U.S. interests in the region. The KRG’s fate will play an important role in determining the contours of the wider Middle East.

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hmatrading0 · 1 day ago

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Expected trends in the price of crude oil for tomorrow in India

Unrefined oil costs play a significant part in the financial steadiness of nations, especially in India, where oil is a major consequence product. Foreseeing the cost of rough oil for tomorrow can be very challenging due to the various components at play. Be that as it may, understanding the elements of rough oil estimating can give important bits of knowledge for future cost estimates.

The worldwide unrefined oil advertise is affected by a few components, counting geopolitical occasions, changes in supply and request, and financial pointers. In later a long time, pressures in oil-producing districts, especially in the Center East, have driven to critical changes in rough oil costs. For occurrence, occasions such as the OPEC+ gatherings, where part nations choose on generation cuts or increments, have quickly affected costs. If OPEC+ concurs to cut generation, it by and large leads to an increment in oil costs, profiting oil-exporting nations like Saudi Arabia and adversely affecting bringing in nations like India.

Additionally, request for crude oil future price is closely connected to financial action. As the worldwide economy recuperates from the COVID-19 widespread, request for unrefined oil has surged, putting upward weight on costs. For illustration, the Worldwide Vitality Organization (IEA) detailed a noteworthy increment in oil utilization in 2021 and 2022 as economies revived post-lockdown. This rising request, coupled with supply limitations, can result in cost increments.

Exchange rates too play a crucial part in rough oil estimating in India. Since India imports an expansive parcel of its rough oil, vacillations in the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar can impact costs. A weaker Rupee makes oil more costly for India, compounding the financial burden on shoppers. In 2021, for occurrence, the devaluation of the Rupee against the Dollar coincided with climbs in fuel costs in India.

Furthermore, showcase theory can lead to short-term instability in unrefined oil costs. Dealers analyzing advertise patterns and potential geopolitical improvements can drive costs up or down. For illustration, news of an expansive parcel of its rough oil, vacillations in the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar can impact costs. A weaker Rupee makes oil more costly for India, compounding the financial burden on shoppers. In 2021, for occurrence, the devaluation of the Rupee against the Dollar coincided with climbs in fuel costs in India.

Furthermore, showcase theory can lead to short-term instability in unrefined oil costs. Dealers analyzing advertise patterns and potential geopolitical improvements can drive costs up or down. For illustration, news of anaby and large leads to an increment in oil costs, profiting oil-exporting nations like Saudi Arabia and adversely affecting bringing in nations like India.

Additionally, request for unrefined oil is closely connected to financial action. As the worldwide economy recuperates from the COVID-19 widespread, request for unrefined oil has surged, putting upward weight on costs. For illustration, the Worldwide Vitality Organization (IEA) detailed a noteworthy increment in oil utilization in 2021 and 2022 as economies revived post-lockdown. This rising request, coupled with supply limitations, can result in cost increments.

Exchange rates too play a crucial part in rough oil estimating in India. Since India imports any and large leads to an increment in oil costs, profiting oil-exporting nations like Saudi Arabia and adversely affecting bringing in nations like India.

News of a looming typhoon in the Inlet of Mexico can cause oil costs to spike due to fears of supply disturbances.

In conclusion, crude oil price forecast for next week in India includes analyzing a complex exchange of geopolitical occasions, financial markers, demand-supply flow, and money vacillations. Whereas it is inconceivable to make an exact expectation, checking these variables can give experiences into conceivable cost developments. For both policymakers and customers, understanding these components is imperative for exploring the broader financial scene formed by rough oil costs.

#gold price forecast in india #angel broking login #crude oil price forecast for today

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chemanalystdata · 2 days ago

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Epichlorohydrin Rubber Prices: Trends and Market Insights

Epichlorohydrin Rubber is a specialty elastomer that has gained significant importance across various industries due to its excellent resistance to oils, fuels, and solvents. Commonly used in automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing sectors, it is prized for its durability and versatility. The price of epichlorohydrin rubber is influenced by several factors that impact the supply and demand dynamics. This article examines the key drivers behind the price of epichlorohydrin rubber, explores recent trends, and provides insights into the future market outlook.

Key Factors Influencing Epichlorohydrin Rubber Prices

Raw Material Costs: Epichlorohydrin rubber is synthesized from epichlorohydrin, a chemical compound derived from petrochemical feedstocks such as propylene and chlorine. As with many other synthetic rubbers, fluctuations in the prices of raw materials significantly affect the cost of production. For instance, propylene prices are closely tied to crude oil prices, so any changes in the price of crude oil are reflected in the price of epichlorohydrin rubber. A rise in crude oil prices leads to increased costs for key raw materials, which in turn drives up the cost of epichlorohydrin rubber.

Demand from End-Use Industries: The demand for epichlorohydrin rubber is primarily driven by its use in high-performance applications such as automotive seals, hoses, gaskets, and fuel systems. The automotive industry, in particular, is a major consumer of epichlorohydrin rubber due to the increasing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and the growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Additionally, demand from other sectors such as construction, aerospace, and electrical insulation further influences the price trends of Epichlorohydrin Rubber. When the demand from these industries rises, manufacturers of epichlorohydrin rubber are able to push prices upward.

Energy Prices and Production Costs: The production of epichlorohydrin rubber is energy-intensive, as it involves multiple chemical processes, including the polymerization of epichlorohydrin. Therefore, fluctuations in global energy prices—such as the cost of electricity, natural gas, and oil—can affect the overall cost of producing epichlorohydrin rubber. If energy prices increase, manufacturers may face higher operational costs, which are often passed on to consumers in the form of higher rubber prices.

Supply Chain Disruptions: Global supply chain disruptions, such as those caused by natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, or the COVID-19 pandemic, have a significant impact on the price of epichlorohydrin rubber. When raw materials are in short supply, or there are delays in production and delivery, it leads to higher costs for manufacturers. Additionally, restrictions on the transportation of goods and trade barriers can increase lead times, creating further upward pressure on prices.

Environmental Regulations: The chemical industry, including the production of epichlorohydrin rubber, faces increasing pressure to meet stringent environmental regulations. Many countries have implemented policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability. Compliance with these regulations often requires manufacturers to invest in cleaner technologies and improve their production processes, which can increase production costs. These costs are typically reflected in the final price of epichlorohydrin rubber.

Get Real time Prices for Epichlorohydrin Rubber: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/epichlorohydrin-rubber-1584

Recent Price Trends

In recent years, the price of epichlorohydrin rubber has experienced notable fluctuations. The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions in global supply chains, leading to shortages of raw materials and an increase in transportation costs. As a result, epichlorohydrin rubber prices saw a sharp rise, particularly in 2021 and 2022. Additionally, as the automotive and manufacturing industries began to recover, there was an uptick in demand for materials like epichlorohydrin rubber, which further exacerbated price increases.

More recently, energy price fluctuations have played a crucial role in the pricing of epichlorohydrin rubber. In regions where energy costs are rising, manufacturers have been forced to increase prices to maintain profitability. At the same time, the geopolitical situation in energy-producing regions has created supply uncertainty, causing further volatility in rubber prices.

Future Outlook

Looking ahead, the price of epichlorohydrin rubber is likely to remain volatile. A number of factors will continue to shape the market, including the price of raw materials, energy costs, and demand from key industries. The ongoing recovery of the global economy and the expected growth in sectors such as automotive and aerospace are likely to keep demand for epichlorohydrin rubber strong in the near term.

However, as environmental regulations become stricter and manufacturers continue to adapt to changing market conditions, there may be opportunities for cost reductions through more efficient production processes. Advances in sustainable manufacturing technologies and the shift toward greener alternatives could also impact the cost structure, potentially leading to price stabilization over time.

Conclusion

Epichlorohydrin rubber is a critical material with wide-ranging applications across industries. The pricing dynamics of epichlorohydrin rubber are complex and influenced by a combination of raw material costs, demand trends, production costs, supply chain issues, and environmental regulations. While recent years have seen significant price fluctuations due to global disruptions, the market is expected to stabilize as demand recovers and production processes evolve. For businesses and stakeholders involved in the epichlorohydrin rubber market, staying informed about these factors will be key to navigating price changes and making strategic decisions.

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#Epichlorohydrin Rubber #Epichlorohydrin Rubber Price #Epichlorohydrin Rubber Prices #india #united kingdom #united states #germany #business #research #chemicals #Technology #Market Research #Canada #Japan #China

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global-research-report · 4 days ago

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Comprehensive Study on the Mexico Oil and Gas Market

The Mexico oil and gas market size is expected to reach USD 243.50 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 3.4% over the forecast period, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Mexico's demand for oil & gas is anticipated to increase as a result of government subsidies and the liberalization of fuel prices. Additionally, it is anticipated that cooperation between Mexico and European nations for natural gas trading and the natural gas shortage experienced by European nations due to the conflict in Russia and Ukraine will further influence the oil and gas market growth.

Due to the adoption of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques by oil and gas companies in Mexico, natural gas and crude oil production is increasing.The transportation and power generation industries are the main final consumers of crude oil and natural gas. There are reputable local and international players in the Mexican oil and gas market. Due to the intense competition in the market, the majority of players are concentrating on how to set themselves apart from the competition. For product manufacturers, creating extremely effective sales channels is yet another crucial element. The oil and gas market in Mexico exhibits a direct sales channel.

Due to the high demand-supply gap for crude oil and natural gas as well as the current political unrest between Russia and Ukraine, prices for both commodities are skyrocketing. The Mexican government has implemented price controls on the sales of diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, and natural gas intended for domestic use despite the skyrocketing cost of crude oil.

In terms of revenue, upstream segment dominated the market with a share of 62.60% in 2021. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Mexico has enormous potential for shale gas and oil resources. These are expected to be stored in marine-deposited, source-rock shales distributed along the onshore Gulf of Mexico region. These factors are expected to boost the demand in the upstream segment over the forecast period.

Mexico Oil And Gas Market Report Highlights

In 2022, the upstream emerged as the largest segment and accounted for a revenue share of 62.75% owing to its enhanced efficiency, easy installation, and availability of three-phase variations

In February 2022, the geopolitical unrest in Eastern Europe with Russia Ukraine conflict has hampered manufacturing operations and disrupted supply chains

The oil and gas refining industry in Mexico, which is underdeveloped, is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 4.1% over the forecast period. There are currently 6 refineries, and Mexico is dependent on refineries located in the United States. The state-owned oil and gas company Pemex will receive funding from the Mexican government in order to increase refining capacity. Such programs may aid in the growth of the downstream industry.

Mexico Oil And Gas Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the Mexico oil and gas market based on operations:

Mexico Oil & Gas Operations Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion, 2018 - 2030)

Upstream

Onshore

Offshore

Midstream

Downstream

Refining

Order a free sample PDF of the Mexico Oil And Gas Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

#Mexico Oil And Gas Market

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hariganesh858 · 9 days ago

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Fuel Additives Market

Fuel Additives Market Size, Share, Trends: BASF SE Leads

Shift towards bio-based fuel additives driving sustainable fuel solutions

Market Overview:

The global Fuel Additives market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.8% from 2024 to 2031. The market value is expected to increase significantly during this period. North America currently dominates the market, accounting for the largest share of global revenue. Key metrics include increasing demand for high-performance fuels, stringent environmental regulations, and growing automotive and aviation industries. The market is experiencing steady growth due to the rising need for improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and enhanced engine performance across various sectors.

The fuel additives market is seeing a considerable transition towards bio-based and renewable options. This trend is being driven by growing environmental concerns and the demand for sustainable fuel solutions. Bio-based fuel additives, made from renewable sources including plant oils and waste biomass, are gaining popularity due to their lower carbon footprint and environmental impact. These additives improve lubricity, fuel stability, and reduce emissions, all of which align with global environmental goals. The adoption of bio-based additives is especially high in regions with tight environmental legislation, such as Europe and North America. As consumers and industries become more environmentally concerned, demand for these sustainable additives is likely to rise further, altering the gasoline additives landscape and spurring industry innovation.

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Market Trends:

Increasingly strict pollution standards around the world are a primary driver for the gasoline additives business. To tackle air pollution and climate change, governments and environmental organisations are tightening automobile emission limits. This regulatory pressure is driving automakers and fuel companies to use innovative fuel additives that can minimise hazardous emissions while increasing fuel efficiency. For example, the European Union's Euro 6d emission rules, which went into effect in 2020, imposed stricter restrictions on nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter emissions from cars. Similarly, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Tier 3 Vehicle Emission and Fuel Standards Program intends to cut smog-forming volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides by 80% from their current levels. These requirements have resulted in a 25% rise in the usage of cetane improvers in diesel fuel over the last five years, as they aid to reduce NOx emissions and improve fuel combustion efficiency.

The unpredictability in crude oil prices presents a substantial challenge to the gasoline additives sector. Many fuel additives are petroleum-based, hence their production costs are directly affected by crude oil prices. This volatility may result in uncertain pricing of fuel additives, reducing manufacturers' profit margins and potentially increasing expenses for end users. For example, during the 2020 oil price fall, the average cost of creating some fuel additives fell by 15-20%, resulting in temporary market volatility. However, as oil prices recovered dramatically in 2021, production costs rose again, creating pricing uncertainty in the fuel additives industry.

Market Segmentation:

Deposit control additives, often known as detergents, account for the biggest market share in the gasoline additives business. These additives help keep engines clean and efficient by preventing deposits from forming in fuel systems and combustion chambers. This segment's prominence can be ascribed to the widespread demand for deposit management across all fuel types and applications.

In recent years, the automotive sector has seen a growth in the use of sophisticated deposit control additives. For example, a large global oil corporation reported a 30% increase in the use of its premium deposit control ingredient in petrol compositions during the previous three years. This increase is primarily due to the increasing complexity of modern engines, which are more prone to performance problems caused by deposits.

The aircraft industry has also contributed to the expansion of deposit control additives. With a greater emphasis on fuel efficiency and engine longevity in aeroplanes, the use of these additives in aviation fuel has increased by 15% since 2020. Major airlines have recorded fuel efficiency gains of up to 2% after introducing advanced deposit control additives into their fuel management techniques, resulting in significant cost savings and lower emissions.

Market Key Players:

Afton Chemical Corporation

BASF SE

Chevron Oronite Company LLC

Evonik Industries AG

Innospec Inc.

Name: Hari Krishna

Email us: [email protected]

Website: https://aurorawaveintellects.com/

#market insights #market research #market trends

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songruixue · 18 days ago

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financial breakfast

On Tuesday (December 10, Beijing time), spot gold traded near 2660.70, rising risk aversion, and the central bank of Asia's major countries to buy gold to boost the gold price, the Federal Reserve interest rate cut next week is expected to increase the bullish sentiment on gold; U.S. crude traded near $68.14 a barrel, boosted by rising geopolitical risks following the ouster of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, as well as favorable policies in Asia. Gold hit a two-week high on Monday, climbing more than 1 per cent as big Asian central banks returned to buying bullion after a six-month hiatus, while expectations of a Federal Reserve rate cut next week added to bullish sentiment. Spot gold rose 1.1 per cent to $2,662.98 an ounce. U.S. gold futures settled up 1 percent at $2,685.50. "The most important factor is the news that big central banks have resumed buying gold again, and the market is getting hopeful that we may see other central banks follow suit and we may see record buying resume." In addition to monetary policy easing and geopolitical tensions, strong central bank buying has also been a major support factor for gold's record rally this year. Oil prices climbed more than 1 percent on Monday as geopolitical risks rose following the ouster of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and benefited from the monetary policy stance of Asian powers. Brent crude futures settled up 1.4 percent at $72.14 a barrel. U.S. crude futures settled up 1.7 percent at $68.37. Events in Syria over the weekend are likely to have an impact on crude oil markets and increase the geopolitical risk premium on oil prices in the coming weeks and months amid greater instability in the Middle East. Syrian rebels said on state television on Sunday they had overthrown Assad, ending a five-decade-long family dynasty and raising fears of more instability in the war-torn region. Major exporter Saudi Aramco on Sunday cut its January 2025 price for Asian buyers to its lowest level since early 2021, amid concerns that it could be a sign of weak demand that would weigh on oil prices.

#investors #investing #investment #studio investigrave #management #consulting

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robfinancialtip · 1 month ago

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youtube

We are discussing the recent drop in oil prices, with Brent crude falling below $70 a barrel for the first time since late 2021. It explores the potential impacts on markets, industry perspectives, and economic implications. We analyze the causes of the price drop, including reduced demand from China and increased global production and how lower oil prices might influence inflation data and central bank policies, particularly regarding interest rate cuts.

Topics covered:

Recent drop in oil prices Impact on markets and energy industry Potential buying opportunity in the energy sector Effect on inflation and central bank policies Factors driving the price drop (demand and supply) Historical context of oil prices Potential future scenarios

#Youtube

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latestmarketresearchnews · 2 months ago

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Printing Inks Industry Dynamics, Growth Prospect and Consumption Analysis till 2028

The global printing inks market was valued at USD 19.2 billion in 2020, with growth projected at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8% from 2021 to 2028. This market is expected to see moderate growth over the forecast period, largely driven by demand from industries such as flexible packaging, commercial printing and publishing, and packaging labels. These sectors utilize printing inks for a wide range of applications, including product labels, advertising, and decorative packaging. The rise in demand for printed materials in packaging and changing consumer preferences are key factors that are sustaining demand for printing inks.

The properties of printing ink constituents including pigments, binders, solubilizers, and various additives allow for the precise creation of text, images, and designs. These characteristics contribute to the inks' widespread use in producing high-quality printed materials, meeting the needs of the packaging industry, commercial printers, and a growing number of consumers seeking enhanced packaging aesthetics. With advancements in ink formulations, printing inks are expected to maintain continuous demand.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Printing Inks Market

As the printing inks market grows, consolidation among companies has become more common, especially in Western markets. Consolidation efforts, including mergers and acquisitions, aim to increase operational efficiency and create stronger relationships with suppliers and customers. This trend is partly due to limited opportunities for organic growth in mature markets, where large companies are looking to optimize resources and expand their market reach.

However, revenue growth in the printing inks market is likely to face challenges from downward pricing pressure. Due to intense competition among industry players, product prices have remained relatively stagnant, limiting revenue increases. Furthermore, strict regulatory frameworks, such as the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and regulations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), control the use of certain inorganic solvents and toxic metals in ink production. Compliance with these regulations can add to production costs, as well as limit the development and use of certain formulations, which may hinder market growth.

Printing ink manufacturers are responding by researching economical and safer alternatives for raw materials. For example, graphene, carbon, and modified celluloid are emerging as potential substitutes for traditional crude oil-based pigments and inorganic materials. Innovations in raw materials are central to reducing toxicity and costs, making it possible to meet regulatory standards while supporting sustainability goals. Additionally, advancements in printing technologies, such as inkjet and digital printing, are driving the market by allowing for faster, more efficient, and more versatile production processes, which align with the needs of modern industries.

Application Segmentation Insights:

The packaging and labels segment stands as the largest and fastest-growing application segment for printing inks, accounting for over 45% of the segment’s total revenue. This segment has experienced rapid growth over the past five years, driven by several factors, including the expanding middle class in emerging economies like India and Thailand. Changing consumer habits, such as a preference for convenient food packaging and a rise in online retailing supported by internet access, have further fueled demand for packaging solutions that rely on high-quality printing inks. Additionally, the push for biodegradable products has increased, with packaging companies seeking inks that align with sustainable practices and regulatory demands for eco-friendly packaging.

Other applications for printing inks include commercial printing and publishing, which has shown a declining trend in various regions. This decline is largely due to the rise of digitalization and the Internet of Things (IoT), which have reduced the demand for printed materials in traditional publishing. Simultaneously, growth has been observed in areas such as textile prints, ceramic printing, printed electronics, and folding cartons and corrugated cardboard within the packaging industry. These applications demonstrate varied trends based on regional markets. For instance, ceramic printing has gained significant traction in China due to the country’s robust production of ceramic tiles, while printed electronics is seeing growth in Thailand as the nation’s electronics industry expands.

In summary, the printing inks market is evolving, with growth fueled by consumer demand in packaging and driven by technological advancements in ink materials and printing processes. However, challenges from price competition and regulatory limitations continue to shape the market, directing companies toward consolidation, innovation, and the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices.

Order a free sample PDF of the Printing Inks Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

#Printing Inks Industry #Printing Inks Market Research #Printing Inks Market Forecast #Printing Inks Market Overview

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researchreportinsight · 2 months ago

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Printing Inks Market 2028 Revenue, Top Key Drivers by Manufacturers and Outlook

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Printing Inks Market

Application Segmentation Insights:

Order a free sample PDF of the Printing Inks Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

#Printing Inks Industry #Printing Inks Market Research #Printing Inks Market Forecast #Printing Inks Market Overview

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ritchiepage2001newaccount · 2 months ago

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Project2025 #TechBros #CorpMedia #Oligarchs #MegaBanks vs #Union #Occupy #NoDAPL #BLM #SDF #DACA #MeToo #Humanity #FeelTheBern

JinJiyanAzadi #BijiRojava Corporate Greed Is Keeping Prices Up

Republicans are blaming the Biden-Harris administration for the increase in inflation and high prices for housing, food, and fuel being faced by Americans but that is just not so. It is important to recognize that the government has little control over prices and to understand who and what is really to blame.

Wall Street investors have bought hundreds of thousands of homes and rental properties. In the first quarter of 2024 the six largest corporate landlords amassed over $300 million in profits by converting single family homes to rentals and by increasing rents. These six corporations are being investigated by the Department of Justice (DOJ) for using a software product called RealPage which allows them to illegally coordinate (collude) and fix rental prices for over 16 million homes and apartments across the entire United States. The DOJ and eight states have also filed a lawsuit against RealPage.

Food prices are high, partially because of increased production and transportation costs, but more so due to a lack of significant competition. Currently four meat packing companies control 85% of beef, 70% of pork, and 54% of chicken production in the country. Similar to the housing industry, these corporations use a program called Agri Stats to automatically coordinate their price increases and are currently facing anti-trust charges by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

Additionally, three companies dominate 70% of US grocery sales. The FTC is fighting to block the merger of Albertsons and Kroeger, the two largest supermarket chains in the country. Over the past year Albertsons’ profit margin tripled, meaning that their price increases have greatly exceeded their operating costs. The proposed merger would result in one overly large corporation with little or no incentive to reduce prices. Kroeger is also being investigated by the FTC and the Senate for using facial recognition software from Microsoft to collect personal data on customers which could allow them to determine how large of price hikes shoppers are willing to tolerate.

Finally, the petroleum industry is costing American families an estimated $2,000 more per year in excessive fuel costs. In 2022 the five largest oil companies recorded over $200 billion in profits, double their 2021 profits. At the same time, rather than cut prices these companies have paid out over $100 billion in stock buybacks and shareholder dividends. As with the housing and food industries, the FTC has found evidence that the CEO of Pioneer Natural Resources attempted to conspire with OPEC to keep oil production low and further boost industry profits. It is estimated that this illegal crude oil price fixing caused over one quarter of the past increase in inflation.

The rate of inflation has actually come down but major corporations have not seen fit to reduce prices because that would also diminish their profits. Through the DOJ and FTC, the Biden-Harris administration is working to rein in this excessive profiteering and provide significant relief for American consumers.

David B. Kyle, New Columbia

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yourreddancer · 2 months ago

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Falling oil prices may help push gas below $3 a gallon for the first time since 2021 U.S. benchmark oil prices dropped more than 6% on Monday

Oil prices dropped significantly on Monday, offering U.S average gasoline prices at the pump another reason to drop below $3 a gallon for the first time since 2021, especially with just over a week left before the U.S. presidential election.

There is “no real catalyst in sight for gasoline” prices to rise, said Tom Kloza, global head of energy analysis at OPIS, a subsidiary of MarketWatch publisher Dow Jones.

Refineries are in the seventh or eighth inning of turnaround season, he said, implying the end of the season when refineries typically perform planned shutdowns for maintenance and upgrades. Global markets are also “plentiful” in supply, and demand for U.S. gasoline tends to slip a bit into November.

On Monday afternoon, the average price for a gallon of regular unleaded gas was at $3.08, down nearly 13 cents from a month ago and almost 40 cents below a year ago, GasBuddy data show.

As long as crude prices stay low, and there are no disruptions in refining capacity due to geopolitical or weather-related events, gasoline prices should “remain stable,” said Rebecca Babin, senior energy trader at CIBC Private Wealth US.

Crack spreads, the difference between prices of crude oil and the products make from it such as gasoline, have “decreased significantly since the summer, so prices are unlikely to drop much further, but they’re also unlikely to spike ahead of the election,” she told MarketWatch.

Oil’s drop

A more than 6% drop in oil prices Monday could help to exacerbate the fuel’s price decline.

“The possibility, but not probability of a wider theater of war” wasn’t really a compelling reason to buy oil futures in the first place, and the market was seeing that play out Monday, said Kloza.

On Saturday, Israel stuck military targets in Iran, marking the first time Israel’s military has openly attacked Iran. The move was in retaliation to Iran’s missile strike on Israel on Oct. 1.

The Islamic Republic said the attack caused “limited damage” and Iran issued a statement suggesting that any cease fire in Israel’s ground offensive in the Gaza Strip and Lebanon would outweigh any possible retaliatory strike on Israel.

“Many traders anticipated that Israel would avoid targeting energy-related infrastructure, but the risk of misjudging this was simply too high,” said Babin. That kept much of the market on the sidelines.

Israel’s move was seen as “de-escalatory” and gives Iran an “off ramp and potential for tensions to calm,” she told MarketWatch. Now that the risk has passed, “there’s increased conviction in short positions, leading to greater selling pressure.”

Against that backdrop, oil prices settled sharply lower Monday.

U.S. benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude for December fell by $4.40, or 6.1%, to settle at $67.38 on the New York Mercantile Exchange, after a drop to an intraday low of $66.92. Nymex futures for reformulated gasoline dropped along with oil, with the December contract

down 11 cents, or 5.4%, to finish at $1.97 a gallon on Nymex, settling below $2 for the first time in October.Front-month WTI oil futuresSource: FactSetAs of Oct. 31, 10:10 p.m. ET

Even before the weekend developments, some forecasts called for supply to outpace demand in 2025.

“Almost anyone without a vested interest believes that supply will easily outpace demand next year” for oil, said Kloza. With that in mind, “there is no compelling reason to buy crude in 2024.”

There’s more than enough oil supply to meet global demand, he said.

Countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iraq will have more crude to export now that temperatures in the Middle East are moderating — some 500,000 barrels to 700,000 barrels per day of crude gets burned by Middle East utilities in the summer and that demand fades with the calendar, Kloza said.

If the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and it allies, together known as OPEC+, begin to gradually reverse their production cuts as planned in December, there could really be a “strong downward trend in oil,” Kloza said adding, however, that he is not convinced that OPEC+ will start reversing the cuts in December.

Election impact

Gasoline prices at the pump can be an important factor as citizens vote in the U.S. election next week.

It’s too difficult to know at this point if the falling oil prices will be significant enough to impact the outcome of the election, said Patrick, De Haan, head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy.

There’s a lot of “potential context,” but Monday’s oil prices “haven’t been around long enough to really change the calculus” significantly for gasoline, he told MarketWatch.

Early Monday in a press release, De Haan had pointed out that the national average for gas prices fell for a a second straight week, in part due to a drop in oil prices as Israel avoided attacks on Iran’s oil infrastructure, but also due to seasonal decreases in demand, “as is normal for this time of year.”

The median price for U.S. gas prices fell to $2.99 a gallon on Monday, and the national average is likely to soon fall below $3 as well, according to GasBuddy. The U.S. hasn’t seen a sub-$3 a gallon national average since 2021.

Gas prices have been far below record levels, and today’s prices have been “low enough to not be a much talked about issue,” he said. “No matter who is elected, I do expect the seasonally low gas prices to continue into the spring when they will start their seasonal rise.”

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communicationblogs · 2 months ago

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Aviation Lubricant Market — Forecast(2024–2030)

Aviation Lubricant Market Overview

Aviation Lubricants are the chemical compounds that provide a fluid barrier between various parts of an aircraft and are used as engine oil, hydraulic fluid, piston engine oil and grease, etc. in aircraft. Hence, these lubricants are either mineral-based which is derived from crude oil, or synthetic-based derived from petroleum, but the most common lubricants used in aircraft are calcium sulfonate and perfluoropolyether which are both synthetic based. Hence drivers for the aviation lubricant market include an increase in the volume of air passenger traffic, an increase in the number of air fleets by airlines, increase in usage of effective aircraft engines such as turbofans engine. However, the major challenge in the aviation lubricant market is that, as the aviation lubricants are derived from crude oil, hence the fluctuating price of crude oil disrupts the manufacturing of lubricants. Hence such disruptions caused by price fluctuation have hampered the growth of the aviation lubricant industry.

As sustainability gains prominence, the aviation lubricant market is witnessing a notable shift towards bio-based lubricants. Manufacturers are increasingly investing in research and development to formulate lubricants derived from renewable resources, reducing environmental impact and meeting stringent regulatory requirements. The aviation lubricant market is experiencing a surge in demand for advanced synthetic lubricants. These high-performance formulations offer superior stability, thermal resistance, and extended service intervals, contributing to enhanced aircraft efficiency and reduced maintenance costs.

COVID-19 Impact

COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted the aviation lubricant market on a global level, as the restrictions and lockdown imposed by governments all across the globe caused a shortage of labor, decrease in the supply of spare parts due to import-exports restriction, and shutdown of various production plants. Hence all this hampered the productivity of the aerospace sector and reduced the demand for new aircraft. For instance, as per the 2021 report of the General Aviation Manufacturers Association, the Global business jet deliveries declined 20.4% to 644 aircraft in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As per the 2021 finance report of Boeing, the company saw 40% less funding towards new aircraft deliveries in 2020 compared to 2019, and also the company reduced production of aircrafts 787s & 777s while halting production of 737max. Reduction in the demand and production of new aircraft and halting of maintenance work due to labor shortage reduced the demand for lubricants like grease, engine oil, hydraulic fluids that are used in such aircraft. Hence such reductions in demand negatively impacted the growth of the aviation lubricant industry. However, the industry slowly recovered from the pandemic through government support, debt sales, and cost reduction actions.

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Report Coverage

The report: “Aviation Lubricant Market — Forecast (2024–2030)”, by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the Aviation Lubricant Industry.

By Product Type — Grease, Hydraulic fluid, Engine Oil, Turbine Oil, Cum Pressure Oil, Special Lubricant & Additives, Others

By Lubricant Type — Synthetic, Mineral based

By Aviation Type — Commercial, Military, General, Helicopter, Others

By Application Type — Hydraulic system, Engine, Landing gear, Airframe, others

By End User — Original Equipment Manufacturer (Engine cases, Combustor Components, Bearing Housing, Vanes, Manifold, Shaft nuts & gears, Others), Maintenance Repair Overhaul (Rotating components, Stationary seals, Frame & Casings)

By Geography — North America (USA, Canada, Mexico), Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Russia, Belgium, Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand, Indonesia, Taiwan, Malaysia, Rest of APAC), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Rest of South America), Rest of the World (Middle East, Africa).

Key Takeaways

• Investments in new-generation aircraft especially in the commercial aircraft segment are continuously growing especially in developing markets such as India. Hence with such an increase in investments in aircraft, the demand for lubricants to be used in them will also increase.

• Liquid lubricant is pumped throughout the engine to the parts that require lubrication and reduction of friction during engine performance increase the potential power output. Hence due to reason lubricants have high applicability in aircraft engines.

• North America dominates the aviation lubricant market as the region has U.S and Canada is one of the major aircraft manufacturing countries showing a significant increase in their air commute, new orders for aircraft and components.

Aviation Lubricant Market Segment — By Product

Engine oil held the largest share in the aviation lubricant market in 2023, with a share of over 40%. This owns to factors like high consumption of engine oil during the flight hours as they can be circulated readily and when engine parts are in constant friction the engine oil lubricates them and prevents wear & tear of parts. The increasing usage of advanced engines like turbofan engines in aircraft has positively impacted the demand for engine oil in them. For instance, in July 2023, the deal for LEAP engines, which will power Air India’s future fleet of 210 Airbus A320/A321neos and 190 Boeing 737 MAX family aircraft, has been finalized by Air India and CFM International. A multi-year services agreement covering the airline’s whole fleet of LEAP engines was also signed by both businesses. Hence with the usage of such advanced engines, the demand for efficient engine oil like synthetic-based oil that would enable these engines to function well at high temperatures will also increase. Such an increase in engine oil usage will create more demand for aviation lubricants, thereby positively impacting the growth of the aviation lubricant industry.

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Aviation Lubricant Market Segment — By Lubricant Type

Synthetic lubricant held the largest share in the aviation lubricant market in 2023, with a share of over 35%. This owns to factors like synthetic lubricants like perfluoropolyether and calcium sulfonate provides good thermal-oxidative stability, good deposit control capability and due to low volatility provides superior performance. Hence synthetic lubricants enable jet engines to operate at high temperatures. With the airline companies increasing their aircraft strength to meet the increasing traveling scale of air passengers, hence the necessary amount of lubrication would be required to keep such aircraft in working condition. For instance, in February 2023, the most anticipated airplane of the upcoming years is without a doubt the Airbus A321XLR. With an early 2024 aim for entering service, the European behemoth is presently awaiting certification for the narrowbody. With over 550 orders placed by 26 clients, the XLR is still very popular even though the pandemic threatens to slow things down. Hence with such an increase in the demand for aircraft from major airline companies the demand for high-performance synthetic lubricants like perfluoropolyether will also increase.

Aviation Lubricant Market Segment — By Aviation Type

Commercial aviation held the largest share in the aviation lubricant market in 2023, with a share of over 45%. This owns to factors like increase in the production rate of heavy aircraft commercial airliners in major aircraft manufacturers like Airbus, Raytheon Technologies, United Aircraft Corporation, Boeing, etc. owing to an increase in domestic and international traveling volume, especially in emerging economies like India. For instance, in January 2023, Airbus SE recorded 1,078 gross new orders in 2022 and delivered 661 commercial aircraft to 84 customers. By December 2022, Airbus had 7,239 aircraft on backorder. Hence with the increase in the demand for a commercial airliner, the demand for effective lubricants like calcium sulfonate which is used in engine oil, transmission fluids, gear oil, etc. will also increase. thereby showing a positive impact on the aviation lubricant market.

Aviation Lubricant Market Segment — By Application

The engine held the largest share in the aviation lubricant market in 2023, with a share of over 35%. With commercial air transport rapidly developing in various emerging markets like China, India, etc. the demand for new and efficient aircraft models has increased. Hence this has raised the demand for an efficient engine like turbo engines that would be used in these aircraft. For instance, in July 2023, Air India recently finalized orders with the engine manufacturer for over 800 LEAP engines to power its new fleet of 210 Airbus A320neo/A321neo and 190 Boeing 737 MAX family jetliners, strengthening CFM International’s market position in India. Hence as the usage of advanced LEAP engines increases, the demand for lubricants like engine oil and grease will also increase, thereby increasing the demand for the aviation lubricant market in this segment of the application.

Aviation Lubricant Market Segment — By End User

Maintenance repair overhaul held the largest share in the aviation lubricant market in 2023, with a share of over 40%. The maintenance work consists of base maintenance, line maintenance, and different level checks which an aircraft goes through during its lifetime. To ensure that the aircraft flies efficiently without facing any issues, maintenance work is considered a necessary step. Hence this has led to the creation of agreements between aircraft companies and manufacturers. For instance, in October 2023, Cyprus Airways has chosen Airbus’ Flight Hour Services (FHS) to support their A220 Family aircraft, making Airbus the third European FHS customer for an A220 fleet and the sixth FHS contract for an A220 globally, the company revealed. Hence as the maintenance contract of such major aircraft manufacturers increases, this would lead to an increase in usage of lubricants used during the maintenance work. Hence such an increase in usage will positively impact demand for aviation lubricants in such aircraft manufacturers.

Aviation Lubricant Market Segment — By Geography

North America held the largest share in the aviation lubricant market in 2023, with a share of over 30%. This owns to factor like the region being a hub for major aircraft manufacturing companies like Boeing, Embraer in U.S and Bombardier in Canada, and also the region consists one of the largest shares of the world domestics passengers. For instance, in September 2023. As per Airports Council International, It is projected that the North American region will have 2.0 billion passengers by the end of 2023, or 99.8% of the 2019 level, which is close to the 2019 level. Despite the fact that domestic travel drove the region’s robust rebound in 2021 and 2022. Hence with a growing number of airline passengers, the demand for more aircraft especially commercial aircraft has increased which has positively impacted the demand for aviation lubricants in the U.S and Canadian aviation market.

Aviation Lubricant Market Drivers

Increase in volume of aircraft production

Hence with the increase in demand for defense & commercial aircraft and their components in regions like Europe & North America has led to an increase in the production volume of major aircraft manufacturers like Airbus & Boeing. For instance, in February 2023, the ramp-up trajectory for the A320 Family program has been modified in collaboration with suppliers. Moreover, the company is currently working toward producing 65 aircraft per month by the end of 2024 and 75 aircraft per month by the end of 2026. As anticipated, the monthly manufacturing rate of A330 reached about 3 by the end of 2022, and the company is now aiming for rate 4 by 2024. There are currently six airplanes every month for the A350. After a feasibility analysis with the supply chain and in order to fulfill the increasing demand for widebody aircraft as international air travel recovers, the company is now aiming for a monthly production rate of nine A350s by the end of 2025. Hence with such an increase in the production of major aircraft manufacturers, the aviation lubricant like perfluoropolyether to be used in them would also increase thereby positively impacting the aviation lubricant industry in terms of lubricant demands.

Increase in usage of turbofan engines

Modern engines in terms of reliability and efficiency depend directly on the effectiveness of the lubricating system. lubrication is responsible for cooling internal parts of the engine which are acting relative to each other creating friction and heat which results in overheating. The introduction of advanced turbofans engines by major aircraft engine manufacturers like CFM International, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls Royce, etc. has increased their demand by airline companies for their aircraft. For instance, in September 2022, Williams’ turbofan engine fleet, which includes about 7,000 FJ44 and FJ33 engines, has accumulated more than 18 million flying hours. The engines are installed on a range of airframes, including the Cessna CJ series, Beechcraft Premier, Cirrus SF50, and Nextant reconditioned light jets. Hence the increase in demand for such advanced turbofan engines has positively impacted the demand for aviation lubricants such as calcium sulfonate which would be used as grease, hydraulic fluids in such engines.

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Aviation Lubricant Market Challenges

The fluctuating price of crude oil

Lubricant oil is extracted from crude oil after going through a series of processes like sedimentation, fractioning, hence the lube oil collected after these processes is mixed with additives to create base oil which is used in the manufacturing of aviation lubricants like engine oil, piston oil, etc. Hence the price of crude oil keeps fluctuating due to geopolitical, whether or supply chain mishap reasons which disrupt the flow of crude oil to markets. Such disruption leads to irregular production of lubricants thereby causing a misbalance between demand and supply of lubricants. As per the U.S. Energy Information Administration, In 2023, the average price of Brent crude oil was $83 per barrel (b), a $19/b difference after rounding. In 2022, the price was $101/b. With Russia’s crude oil finding homes outside of the EU, global markets adjusted to the new trade dynamics, and demand for crude oil fell short of projections worldwide. Such a decrease in crude oil demand reduced the lubricant output for aircraft thereby negatively impacting the aviation lubricant market.

Aviation Lubricant Industry Outlook

The companies to develop a strong regional presence and strengthen their market position, continuously engage in mergers and acquisitions. Aviation Lubricant’s top 10 companies include:

1. Total Group

2. Exxon Mobil Corporation

3. Royal Dutch Shell Plc.

4. Eastman Chemical Company

5. The Chemours Company

6. The Phillips 66 Company

7. NYCO

8. Lukoil

9. Aerospace Lubricant Inc

10. Nye Lubricants

#reseach marketing #digital marketing #research #marketing #chemicals

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marketanalysisdata · 2 months ago

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Printing Inks Market Growth Factors, Trends and Forecast Report to 2028

The global printing inks market was valued at USD 19.2 billion in 2020, and it is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.8% from 2021 to 2028. The market is expected to experience moderate growth over the forecast period, driven by several factors. Key drivers include the expansion of industries such as flexible packaging, commercial printing & publishing, and packaging labels. These sectors are major consumers of printing inks, contributing to the market's growth. The superior properties of the constituents in printing inks such as pigments, binders, solubilizers, and additives are crucial for producing text, designs, or images. Rising demand from the packaging sector, along with commercial printing and evolving consumer preferences, are expected to ensure continued demand for printing inks in the future.

The global printing inks market is moving towards significant consolidation to improve efficiency, support market growth, and strengthen leverage with suppliers and customers. This trend, especially prominent in the western market, has become a long-term strategy, as organic growth opportunities have become limited. However, the market's revenue growth is expected to be constrained by downward pricing pressure, stemming from slow product price increases due to intense competition within the industry. Additionally, stringent regulatory frameworks, such as the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines, are limiting the usage, manufacturing, and distribution of various inorganic solvents and toxic metals in printing inks. This is likely to hinder market growth during the forecast period.

Gather more insights about the market drivers, restrains and growth of the Printing Inks Market

Despite the challenges, research initiatives are focusing on developing economical and non-toxic raw materials, such as graphene, carbon, and modified celluloid, to mitigate the reliance on crude oil derivatives and inorganic pigments, which are currently key raw materials in ink production. The printing inks market is heavily influenced by advancements in technology, particularly in ink-jet and digital printing processes. Historically, printing inks were primarily used for printing publications like newspapers, magazines, and journals. However, with rapid urbanization and increasing consumer demands for digitalized solutions, the use of printing inks has expanded from commercial printing and publications to the packaging industry. In the packaging sector, printing inks are used to enhance the visual appeal of packaging materials, making them more attractive to consumers, which is a critical method for product promotion and marketing.

Flexible packaging has emerged as a preferred choice for customized packaging solutions, driven by the growing food and beverage industry. This is particularly evident in the strong growth of the snacks and confectionery categories. Additionally, increasing global food demand, fueled by population growth, is a key trend supporting the expansion of the flexible packaging industry. The rise of flexible packaging is anticipated to offer significant growth opportunities for the printing inks market.

Product Segmentation Insights:

In 2020, the lithographic printing inks segment held a substantial share of the overall market value. Lithographic printing is expected to witness strong growth during the forecast period due to its ability to deliver high-quality prints and its efficiency in large-scale printing projects. This printing process is well-suited for flat media, such as cloth, foil, paper, plastic, and flat cardboard.

Gravure printing inks are primarily used for printing photographs, and they can be applied to films, thin papers, metal foils, and paper cups. Gravure printing utilizes "liquid inks," and its flexibility makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, particularly in the food packaging, tobacco products, and cosmetics industries. These inks can be used on various substrates, including cardboards, papers, plastics, foils, and labels.

Flexographic inks, which are applied to a variety of substrates such as paper, laminates, films, foils, and corrugated boards, are expected to see strong growth during the forecast period. This growth is supported by the eco-friendly nature of flexographic inks, as well as their low costs. Moreover, the rising demand for flexible packaging and cardboard printing, in line with increasing logistics volume, is expected to boost the demand for flexographic inks in the U.S. and European countries.

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