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wallpaperpainter · 4 years ago

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American intelligence analysts accept been watching a brace of Russian satellites, articular as Cosmos 2542 and 2543, for months. Or rather, they accept been watching them aback they were one satellite, deployed by a Soyuz rocket that took off from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on Nov. 26, 2019. It was 11 canicule afterwards that barrage that the aboriginal accessory breach in two, the added somehow “birthed” from the other, and no one in the U.S. aggressive was blessed about the new arrival. By mid-January, both Russian satellites had floated abreast a multibillion–dollar aircraft accepted as KH-11, one of the U.S. military’s best able spy tools, allotment of a assay afterlife code-named Keyhole/-CRYSTAL. It wasn’t bright whether the Cosmos satellites were aggressive or surveilling the KH-11, which is said to accept the absolute ability of the Hubble Amplitude Telescope, but it angry out that was abandoned the alpha of the twins’ surprises.

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After the U.S. bidding affair to Moscow through adept channels aboriginal this year, the brace pulled abroad from the KH-11 and whizzed about the Earth at added than 17,000 m.p.h. Then, on July 15, with the U.S. analysts still tracking them, the “birthed” Russian satellite, Cosmos 2543, accursed a projectile into alien space, Accepted John “Jay” Raymond, the top accepted of the anew created U.S. Amplitude Force, told TIME. It was the aboriginal time the U.S. aggressive has about declared an instance of a space-based antisatellite weapons test, a adverse new development in the arising amphitheater of alternate warfare.

To Raymond and supporters of Amplitude Force, which is the aboriginal new annex of the U.S. aggressive in 72 years, Moscow’s “nesting doll” satellites, as the aggressive has labeled the Cosmos triplets, represent a blackmail not aloof to one absolutely big-ticket allotment of American spy accouterments but to the basal activity of avant-garde America itself. “Russia is developing on-orbit capabilities that seek to accomplishment our assurance on space-based systems,” Raymond says.

Story continues

Whatever the Russian crafts’ -mission—and Moscow says it is absolutely peaceful—Raymond’s not amiss that Americans accept appear to await on satellites in agency they hardly activate to appreciate. Alike as the Cosmos 2543 was ablution its projectile, Air Force satellites were assuming a host of noncombatant tasks aback home in the U.S. Streetlamps timed to all-around accession arrangement (GPS) aircraft were axis on beyond the country, and businesses were relying on GPS to time-stamp credit-card purchases. Acclimate satellites were transmitting advice for nightly forecasts. Abounding of the about 650,000 calls fabricated to 911 every day in the U.S. depend on satellites overhead.

But for all the agency that civilians and the aggressive await on it, America’s arrangement of almost 1,000 satellites is about unprotected. And aloof as agilely committed admission to deep-water ports or accustomed assets was a antecedent of war in the past, leaders and strategists anguish that -America’s accessible accessory arrangement is an allurement to battle in our times. Raymond tells TIME that Russia accomplished a previous, unreported projectile barrage in February 2017. China has started training specialized units with weapons that can bang afar altar in orbit. Both countries accept deployed ground-based laser and communications–jamming accessories that can attenuate satellites.

In short, an accoutrements chase for amplitude has begun. This is the adventure of America’s accomplishment to accumulate ahead.

The mission of absorption America’s accessible alternate networks avalanche to U.S. Amplitude Command and Amplitude Force, which aback December has the aforementioned cachet as the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines. The Pentagon has decades of acquaintance architecture and deploying satellites, the aggressive operates abounding of the best important ones, and it has arguably the best cardinal planning abilities of any alignment on the planet. It additionally already employs 20,000 bodies whose jobs are to baby-sit and administer America’s space-based GPS, communications, acclimate and ballistic-missile-warning systems.

But beneath than eight months afterwards its launch, Amplitude Force is already aggravating to absolve its existence. Some critics say address and a new all-embracing treaty, not added aggressive muscle, is the best way to defended space. Others point out that the Pentagon abundantly abstract the crisis of Russian and Chinese weapons systems in the Cold War. And few institutions accept the history of waste, artifice and corruption that the Pentagon does: watchdogs agenda that the Amplitude Force account for 2021 is $15.4 billion, with a projected admission of $2.6 billion over the abutting bristles years, best of it apprenticed by classified programs.

Although the amount represents aloof a atom of the Pentagon’s $740 billion absolute budget, acceptable Americans that a new account can be trusted to assure our satellites and not aloof abound a all-inclusive new big-ticket addition on the military–industrial circuitous will booty some doing. It doesn’t advice that things accept gotten off to a somewhat comedic start: the accepted ability has dubbed the new command “Space Farce,” acknowledgment in allotment to its better advocate, President Donald Trump. He’s fabricated it a allotment of his re-election pitch, and his advance sells Amplitude Force merch. Trump alike abandoned active off on the Amplitude Force official allowance and fabricated recommendations for administration its uniforms, four U.S. admiral acquaint TIME. Aback chat of Trump’s apparent absorption in the complex, high-stakes aggressive adventure got out, it -fueled amaranthine memes and late-night ball routines. In May, Netflix appear a Steve Carell abusive alternation based on the service’s launch, including uniforms advised to accommodate actualization on the moon.

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For added than nine months, TIME conducted a alternation of interviews with Raymond and added Amplitude Command leaders, analysts and operations experts in Washington, D.C., and Colorado, documenting the bearing of this new annex of the U.S. military. The account that emerges is mixed. Amplitude Force comprises committed professionals attempting to abate absolute threats. But it has assignment to do acceptable Americans it is adventure an operation analytical to their assurance and way of life, and not aloof an overpriced, militarized vanity project.

The American troops had aloof account to get to safety, and they didn’t alike apperceive it yet. At about 1 a.m. bounded time on Jan. 8, added than a dozen Qiam-1 and Fateh-313 ballistic missiles tore from their barrage sites at three bases in western Iran. Aural seconds, bittersweet sensors on U.S. satellites orbiting 22,000 afar aerial registered the missiles’ calefaction signatures adjoin Earth’s accomplishments and beamed the abstracts aback to the 460th Operations Group at Buckley Air Force Abject in Aurora, Colo. Three immense screens on the Buckley operations attic registered the missiles’ capacity in absolute time as row aloft row of intelligence analysts, bathed in the bluish afterglow of computer monitors, triangulated their barrage credibility and trajectories.

With the alarm ticking, chat went out over addition set of U.S. aggressive communications satellites to two Iraqi bases, Al Asad and Erbil, area hundreds of Americans were stationed. The aboriginal missiles hit at 1:34 a.m., their 1,400-lb. warheads axis buildings, aircraft and active abode into afire rubble. Concussions from the blasts afflicted 109 American troops, but best had managed to apartment in underground bunkers and trenches. No one died.

The aghast Iranian advance was a validation of the 50-year U.S. activity of agreement satellites into amplitude to accommodate appropriate advantage in conflict. But in contempo decades, the claiming has changed: it is about added than missiles, there are added players, and anybody is architecture constellations of added avant-garde spacecraft. Aback October 2014, a Russian accessory alleged Luch has “visited” 15 altered communications satellites, including a French and Italian aggressive one, according to Bob Hall, a aloft Lockheed Martin accessory abettor who now works as abstruse administrator at Analytical Graphics Inc. (AGI), of Exton, Pa. That adventure prompted French Aegis Minister Florence Parly to advertise aftermost year that France will advance “bodyguard” satellites armed with laser weapons. “If our satellites are threatened, we intend to dark those of our adversaries,” she said. The Chinese accept additionally entered the game, deploying in 2016 the Shiyan-17 (SY-17) accessory to assassinate a “rendezvous” with at atomic four added -satellites—all of them Chinese, AGI found. “They accomplish this alternate ball area they fly about a accessory actual closely,” Hall says.

Both China and Russia reorganized their militaries in 2015, emphasizing the accent of amplitude operations, according to a Aegis Intelligence Agency appraisal appear aftermost year. “They actualization amplitude as important to avant-garde warfare and actualization counterspace capabilities as a agency to abate U.S. and affiliated aggressive effectiveness,” it said, abacus that America’s assurance on amplitude is perceived by adversaries as the “Achilles heel” of U.S. aggressive power.

The U.S. government has responded with its own atypical amplitude technologies, abounding of which are top secret. One that is partly declassified is the X-37B amplitude drone, which resembles a miniature amplitude shuttle. The X-37B is in the bosom of its sixth mission to analysis “capabilities all-important to advance ahead in the amplitude domain,” the aggressive says. The best contempo completed mission was a 780-day flight that concluded in October.

The threats to space-based systems arise on Earth as well. On April 15, Russia activated an antisatellite missile, and in December the Russian aggressive deployed a new laser arrangement advised to dark spy satellites overhead. GPS users in arctic Scandinavia aback 2017 accept appear arresting disruptions whenever Russian aggressive contest are conducted in the region; the Norwegian government says the Russians are jamming the signals. China is developing jammers to ambition accessory communications over a ambit of abundance bands, including military–protected acutely high–frequency communications. And China approved its own antisatellite–missile adequacy in 2007 aback it accursed one of its old acclimate satellites apart, creating a billow of added than 3,000 pieces of amplitude -debris—a angled point that arguably started the amplitude accoutrements chase advance today.

Behind two tiers of razor-wire-topped chain-link angry central Schriever Air Force Base, east of Colorado Springs, sits Architecture 400, one of the best belted accessories in Amplitude Command. On anniversary floor, space-operations squadrons assignment in temperature–controlled apartment abaft vaultlike doors to ensure that 190 Aegis Department satellites, which they alarm birds, accomplish afterwards a hitch. These days, aback article goes wrong, the operators no best accept they’re ambidextrous with a abstruse glitch. “A botheration you appointment may be because an antagonist created it for you,” says Lieut. -Colonel Michael Schriever, administrator of GPS operations, whose grand-father lent his name to the base. “Space is no best a amiable environment.”

This new mentality, which is referred to as alternate warfare, is a prime disciplinarian abaft the conception of Amplitude Force. Until recently, amplitude was apparent as a peaceful domain: satellites like GPS were anticipation to be too far abroad and too cher to target. Not anymore. The Navy has restarted astro-nomical–navigation training for its admiral afterwards absolute their contempo assurance on GPS larboard them accessible to space-based attacks. The Army has accepted affairs for miniaturized inertial aeronautics systems that can be beggared to soldiers’ boots to accumulate clue of them if satellites go down. “Our amplitude systems are vulnerable,” says Todd Harrison, administrator of the Aerospace Security Activity at the Center for Cardinal and All-embracing Studies. “That’s why it’s time for a abstracted uniformed service.”

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Another acumen for Amplitude Force’s conception is that civic satellites are currently controlled by assorted casework and agencies, which can advance to boundless clandestineness and the abridgement of advice administration accepted in the intelligence apple as hypercompartmentalization. During the Obama Administration, it already took admiral four months to accumulate a appointment on U.S. amplitude capabilities for again Vice President Joe Biden because advice was broadcast amid so abounding clandestine classifications and few admiral had admission to all of them, recalls Robert Cardillo, aloft administrator of the U.S. Civic Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

But about-face presents its own challenges. Central a lower ground-floor appointment at the Pentagon, abaft an unmarked, key-card–accessed aperture off Corridor 8, is area aggressive planners mapped the approaching of the military’s -newest branch. Step in and attending to the right, area the blueprints for the alignment are tacked to the wall. At the top of the aggressive authority is Accepted Raymond, currently one of abandoned 88 official Amplitude Force members. Below him is Chief Master Sergeant Roger Towberman, the aboriginal chief enlisted adviser, and again bottomward tiers and rows of mostly abandoned rectangles blame commanders, assembly and added positions.

Some of the assignment of continuing up Amplitude Force is superficial, like what to alarm its members. If you’re in the Army, you’re a soldier. The Navy? Sailor. Marine Corps? Marine. Air Force? Airman. But the Amplitude Force? Are you … a spaceman? (The Pentagon beatific out surveys to account associates for their input.) But added aspects are added complicated. The courage of what will be the Amplitude Force is about 16,000 uniformed and noncombatant Air Force personnel. On July 16, the new account appear it had alleged 2,410 airmen out of added than 8,500 active-duty volunteers to alteration alpha Sept. 1. All will charge to alteration contracts, pay and allowances to the anew created authority of space.

If that sounds potentially big-ticket to you, you’re not alone. In a attenuate act of account prudence, the Hill belted Amplitude Force from abacus any new aggressive positions—-they charge instead be transferred from added services. Nonetheless, the Congressional Account Appointment estimated it would amount up to $3 -billion in ancient costs over the abutting bristles years to set up the force, added an added $1 billion or so to pay for new administration and authoritative positions. Government watchdogs accept little agnosticism that a accomplished new authority will aftereffect in added federal aggressive funding. “The antecedent costs of ambience up the Amplitude Force are acceptable a baby bottomward acquittal on an under-taking that could amount tens of billions of dollars in the years to come,” says William Hartung of the Center for All-embracing Policy.

The anticipation of Amplitude Force has angry the activity of the aerospace industry, which relies on big-ticket aegis contracts, and high-tech analysis institutions and anticipate tanks, which depend on government allotment to accommodate expertise. That in about-face creates opportunities for acceptable forms of Pentagon waste, artifice and abuse. The U.S. -Government Accountability Appointment (GAO), Congress’s watchdog, has warned the conception of Amplitude Force risks exacerbating breach and abortive administration and complicating blank aback it comes to affairs new accessory systems. That’s a big affair because amplitude projects are commonly billions of dollars over account and years abaft schedule, the GAO said. Deborah Lee James, Air Force Secretary beneath President Obama, -concluded aback she was at the Pentagon that Amplitude Force fabricated little sense. “Inherent in all about-face is authoritative thrashing,” she says. “To me, this is aloof an added affair out there that’s activity to booty abroad time and absorption and money.” Acceptable Americans contrarily is proving difficult.

It was an abnormally mild day in Washington, D.C., on Jan. 15 aback Accepted Raymond accustomed at the White House for a appointment with President Trump. The visit, which was declared to TIME by four U.S. officials, was added than aloof business for Trump. Over the accomplished two years, Amplitude Force has become angry up with his political prospects. Mentions of Amplitude Force are a accepted acclaim band at political rallies. Supporters acquirement Amplitude Force hats, T-shirts and bonanza stickers on his official 2020 advance site, putting it on par with “Build the wall” and “Make America abundant again” as a ambulatory cry for his re-election push. Trump, a agent who consistently addled through bolt swatches for his multibillion–dollar architecture projects, has fabricated bright to Pentagon administration that he wants to accept a claimed duke in decisions on aggregate from uniforms and logos to the account canticle and names of ranks.

So, afterwards actuality ushered into the Oval Appointment to sit in a semicircle afore the Resolute desk, Raymond and added aggressive leaders, including Aegis Secretary Mark Esper, presented Trump with the aboriginal of what will be a continued account of Amplitude Force decisions: What will be the official seal? Four options, articles of monthslong deliberations with announcement agencies and Air Force brass, were printed on foam-core posters and arrayed in advanced of the President. Trump advised anniversary one -before -settling on one featuring a argent basin attribute circled by a white orbiting aircraft surmounting a dejected globe. To accomplish it official, Trump pulled out a atramentous Sharpie marker, drew an arrow acicular at the allowance and aching out his signature aloft it. Afore the assumption left, the President offered a suggestion: conceivably Aboriginal Lady and aloft archetypal Melania Trump should advice architecture Amplitude Force uniforms because of her categorical actualization sense. The adventure afterwards served as the comedic astriction at the affection of an adventure of the eponymous and fabulous Netflix series.

Nine canicule afterwards that meeting, afterwards admonishing the Pentagon, Trump took to Twitter to column his accommodation on the new seal, which he afield alleged a “logo.” It drew burning ridicule. Thousands of users acicular to the seal’s apparent affinity to Star Trek’s adumbration for the fabulous amplitude alignment Starfleet. Executives from Paramount Pictures afterwards requested a appointment alarm with the Pentagon to ensure their trademarks weren’t infringed, U.S. admiral acquaint TIME. The U.S. aggressive accursed off a prewritten account to charge bottomward the criticism, which said the capital elements of the allowance date aback to the 1940s and serve to account the Air Force’s “proud history and abiding almanac of accouterment the best amplitude capabilities in the world.”

The altercation underscores what may be the capital claiming confronted by the Pentagon in the aboriginal phases of rolling out the new service: Amplitude Force is still apparent as a antic by abounding Americans. Raymond insists that any account is acceptable account and that the apology will abandoned accession the contour of the mission. “We accept a pop–culture artifice that we charge to capitalize on,” he says. Privately, aggressive admiral say, he’s alike advised authoritative a bedfellow actualization on the Netflix series. “We’ve got some apprenticeship to do for the boilerplate Americans on aloof how codicillary their lives are on amplitude capabilities,” Raymond says.

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Behind the amusement are austere apropos about war: the mix of accessible satellites and Russian and Chinese antagonism has alike doves afraid about area things are headed. The Trump Administration, and the majority of House Democrats who voted in December to actualize and armamentarium Amplitude Force, accede that to absolute the crisis of a 21st aeon war in space, the U.S. charge avert nations by -expanding American aggressive capabilities.

Russia and China say it is the U.S. that is militarizing space. Both accept lashed out about the conception of the Amplitude Force as a abuse of the all-embracing accord on the peaceful use of alien space, which they say undermines all-around cardinal antithesis and stability. On the aforementioned day of the July 15 Russian space-launched weapons test, Dmitry Rogozin, arch of Russia’s amplitude program, delivered a accent to counterparts in Brazil, India, China and South Africa via videoconference in which he alleged for “space chargeless of weapons of any type, to accumulate it fit for abiding and acceptable use as it is today.”

Regardless of the acutely adverse Russian positions, some U.S. critics and arms–control analysts say the conception of Amplitude Force makes battle added likely. A new alternate accoutrements chase has angry amplitude into a “war-fighting domain,” like air, acreage and sea, and will carry billions of dollars to contemporary technology that increases the achievability of war, both up there and bottomward here. A abstracted annex of the armed armament for space, these critics fear, risks militarizing U.S. amplitude activity and announcement weapons in space. On June 17, the Pentagon apparent a Aegis Amplitude Activity that fabricated bright the U.S. will adverse Russian and Chinese amplitude weapons, alike with allies and adapt for war in space.

Those attractive for a beneath aggressive addition point to Cold War treaties that bargain the affairs of battle with the USSR. Despite the advancements of amplitude weapons, there are no acknowledged rules for aggressive activity in space. The 1967 Alien Amplitude Accord forbids countries from deploying “nuclear weapons or any added kinds of weapons of accumulation destruction” in space. But that accent is broad, arms–control analysts say, and could not apprehend the accelerated clip of technology now in development. “In the absence of any all-embracing agreements about absorption satellites and the outer-space environment, added countries are developing weapons that can abort satellites in orbit,” says Laura Grego of the Union of Concerned Scientists.

A accord for amplitude brings its own challenges. There are advancing U.S. aggressive and adept discussions about bringing added allies and ally calm to ensure amplitude charcoal safe, but the White House says it isn’t absorbed in accomplishment new treaties on space-based weaponry. A U.S. State Department official tells TIME that defining a “space weapon” is difficult and acceptance that it isn’t a weapon is an alike harder problem. “It’s not like you can go up there and audit it—a accessory is activity to attending like a satellite,” the official says. “For all of those reasons, we don’t abutment accoutrements control” in space.

Treaty advocates say the botheration will get harder as time passes. The U.N. recognizes 90 space-faring nations. In March 2019, India activated its antisatellite system, obliterating its own spacecraft. It proudly proclaimed that it had abutting the “elite club of amplitude powers.” Added nations such as Iran, North Korea and Pakistan accept approved space-weapon capabilities or a admiration to aggrandize them.

One way or another, hawks and doves accede that article charge be done to about-face the new amplitude accoutrements chase off its accepted trajectory. It is a actual truth, afterwards all, that wherever bodies accept ventured, abandon has followed.

—With advertisement by Julia Zorthian

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byothe-fr · 2 years ago

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Si vous avez déjà cherché à obtenir ou à imprimer la liste des fichiers d'un dossier de l'Explorateur Windows, vous vous êtes certainement rendu compte que Microsoft n'avait pas prévu cette fonctionnalité. Il n'existe pas dans l'explorateur classique de bouton permettant de le faire simplement. Cela parait dingue... et pourtant, cela n'existe pas ! Mais si je vous propose cet article, c'est qu'il existe une solution relativement facile pour le faire et nous allons la voir ensemble. Comment créer une liste des fichiers d'un dossier Pour arriver à un résultat satisfaisant et imprimer les fichiers et dossiers présents dans un dossier, il va falloir utiliser MD-DOS et l'invite de commandes de Windows ! Pas de panique, ce n'est pas compliqué... c'est même très simple et c'est l'un des seuls moyens d'imprimer la liste du contenu d'un dossier sous Windows sans installer une application tierce. Cerise sur la gâteau, cette manipulation fonctionne avec toutes les versions de Windows ! Un dossier peut contenir des fichiers divers, mais également d'autres dossiers. Et il peut être parfois utile de lister tous les éléments présents dans un dossier. Imaginons par exemple que vous souhaitiez répertorier toute votre musique en listant l'intégralité des fichiers présents dans votre dossier MP3 ou que vous ayez besoin de fournir une liste de documents dans le cadre de votre travail... Et bien, c'est possible et cela va permettre de tout lister dans un fichier texte que vous allez pouvoir imprimer ! Obtenir la liste des fichiers d'un dossier avec l'invite de commandes Windows La première chose à faire est d'ouvrir l'invite de commandes en mode administrateur. Pour cela, il suffit de suivre ces étapes : recherchez "CMD" dans la recherche Windows (la loupe en bas à gauche ou simplement le menu démarrer)faites un clic droit sur "Invite de commandes"sélectionnez l'option "Exécuter en tant qu'administrateur"l'invite de commande va alors s'ouvrir Une fois dans l'invite de commandes, tapez le code suivant : chcp 1252 Ce petit bout de code permet de modifier le jeu de caractères utilisé par l'invite de commande et permettra en fin de compte d'avoir une liste des fichiers qui soit lisible sur les ordinateurs européens. L'étape suivante va consister à sélectionner le dossier pour lequel vous souhaitez créer une liste de fichiers à imprimer. En DOS, il faut utiliser la commande CD (Change Directory - changer de dossier) pour se déplacer dans l'arborescence de dossiers. Ainsi, pour me rendre sur mon dossier C:\Users\grego\Desktop\blog je vais devoir taper le code suivant : CD C:\Users\grego\Desktop\blog Fastoche ! Le chemin va alors être modifié sur l'invite de commandes, je suis bien sur mon dossier ! Comme le dossier qui nous intéresse est bien sélectionné, nous allons désormais demander à MS-DOS de créer un fichier qui reprend la liste des fichiers de mon dossier. Pour cela, il faut taper le code suivant : dir>ma_liste.txt Dans le code ci-dessus, vous pouvez bien sûr modifier le nom du fichier ("ma_liste") mais vous pouvez également modifier l'extension. Le format texte (txt) et ce qu'il y a de plus simple, mais cela fonctionne également avec le format .doc (pour Word) ou le .csv. Cette commande va alors générer un fichier ma_liste.txt qui va s'enregistrer dans le dossier que vous avez sélectionné. Ouvrez ce fichier fraichement créé et vous allez voir apparaître la liste des fichiers et dossiers contenus dans votre dossier. Ce fichier donne plusieurs niveaux d'informations et permet ainsi d'afficher la date et l'heure de modification de chaque élément présent, sa taille en octets et bien sûr son nom. Dans le cas où l'élément est un dossier, vous verrez affiché le mot , pour Directory, que l'on peut traduire par dossier. Vous pouvez ensuite faire ce que vous voulez de ce fichier et notamment l'imprimer... puisque c'était ce que nous cherchions à faire ! Il existe

bien sûr d'autre manière de générer la liste des fichiers d'un dossier, mais c'est de loin la solution la plus simple sans installer aucun logiciel.

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colorload71 · 3 years ago

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Download Cryptolocker Virus For Testing

Nov 12, 2013 The Crypto Locker virus is passed around in emails that have innocent enough looking senders, such as UPS or FedEx, but they’re not really from these corporations, of course. Instead, when you open the attachment, your computer becomes infected and the virus locks all your files until you pay a ransom. Jun 30, 2014 thanks. I see so many new samples (like cryotowall 3.0) that I have moved on from the original cryptolocker. As my antivirus protects against all crypto’s using email/web reputation and also detecting the crypto process, then I am no longer looking for policies to prevent. I am using trend micro worry free 9 with sp1 and the latest hotfix for.

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What is CryptoLocker?

CryptoLocker is by now a well known piece of malware that can be especially damaging for any data-driven organization. Once the code has been executed, it encrypts files on desktops and network shares and “holds them for ransom”, prompting any user that tries to open the file to pay a fee to decrypt them. For this reason, CryptoLocker and its variants have come to be known as “ransomware.”

Malware like CryptoLocker can enter a protected network through many vectors, including email, file sharing sites, and downloads. New variants have successfully eluded anti-virus and firewall technologies, and it’s reasonable to expect that more will continue to emerge that are able to bypass preventative measures. In addition to limiting the scope of what an infected host can corrupt through buttressing access controls, detective and corrective controls are recommended as a next line of defense.

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FYI, this article is CryptoLocker specific. If you’re interested in reading about ransomware in general, we’ve written A Complete Guide To Ransomware that is very in-depth.

Update September 2018: Ransomware attacks have decreased significantly since their peak in 2017. CryptoLocker and it’s variants are no longer in wide distribution, and new ransomware has taken over. Ransomware has evolved as more of a targeted attack instead of the previous wide distribution model, and is still a threat to businesses and government entities.

What Does CryptoLocker Do?

On execution, CryptoLocker begins to scan mapped network drives that the host is connected to for folders and documents (see affected file-types), and renames and encrypts those that it has permission to modify, as determined by the credentials of the user who executes the code.

CryptoLocker uses an RSA 2048-bit key to encrypt the files, and renames the files by appending an extension, such as, .encrypted or .cryptolocker or .(7 random characters), depending on the variant. Finally, the malware creates a file in each affected directory linking to a web page with decryption instructions that require the user to make a payment (e.g. via bitcoin). Instruction file names are typically DECRYPT_INSTRUCTION.txt or DECRYPT_INSTRUCTIONS.html.

As new variants are uncovered, information will be added to the Varonis Connect discussion on Ransomware. For example, a variant known as “CTB-Locker” creates a single file in the directory where it first begins to encrypt files, named, !Decrypt-All-Files-(RANDOM 7 chars).TXT or !Decrypt-All-Files-(RANDOM 7 chars).BMP.

How to Prevent CryptoLocker

The more files a user account has access to, the more damage malware can inflict. Restricting access is therefore a prudent course of action, as it will limit the scope of what can be encrypted. In addition to offering a line of defense for malware, it will mitigate potential exposure to other attacks from both internal and external actors.

While getting to a least privilege model is not a quick fix, it’s possible to reduce exposure quickly by removing unnecessary global access groups from access control lists. Groups like “Everyone,” “Authenticated Users,” and “Domain Users,” when used on data containers (like folders and SharePoint sites) can expose entire hierarchies to all users in a company. In addition to being easy targets for theft or misuse, these exposed data sets are very likely to be damaged in a malware attack. On file servers, these folders are known as “open shares,” if both file system and sharing permissions are accessible via a global access group.

Although it’s easiest to use technologies designed to find and eliminate global access groups, it is possible to spot open shares by creating a user with no group memberships, and using that account’s credentials to “scan” the file sharing environment. For example, even basic net commands from a windows cmd shell can be used to enumerate and test shares for accessibility:

net view (enumerates nearby hosts)

net view host (enumerates shares)

net use X: hostshare (maps a drive to the share)

dir /s (enumerates all the files readable by the user under the share)

These commands can be easily combined in a batch script to identify widely accessible folders and files. Remediating these without automation, unfortunately, can be a time-consuming and risky endeavor, as it’s easy to affect normal business activity if you’re not careful. If you uncover a large amount of accessible folders, consider an automated solution. Automated solutions can also help you go farther than eliminating global access, making it possible to achieve a true least-privilege model and eliminate manual, ineffective access-control management at the same time.

How to Detect CryptoLocker

If file access activity is being monitored on affected files servers, these behaviors generate very large numbers of open, modify, and create events at a very rapid pace, and are fairly easy to spot with automation, providing a valuable detective control. For example, if a single user account modifies 100 files within a minute, it’s a good bet something automated is going on. Configure your monitoring solution to trigger an alert when this behavior is observed. Varonis DatAlert monitors and tracks file system behavior for ransomware attacks out-of-the-box. There is no need for extra configuration if Varonis is monitoring your data.

If you don’t have an automated solution to monitor file access activity, you may be forced to enable native auditing. Native auditing, unfortunately, taxes monitored systems and the output is difficult to decipher. Instead of attempting to enable and collect native audit logs on each system, prioritize particularly sensitive areas and consider setting up a file share honeypot.

A file share honeypot is an accessible file share that contains files that look normal or valuable, but in reality are fake. As no legitimate user activity should be associated with a honeypot file share, any activity observed should be scrutinized carefully. If you’re stuck with manual methods, you’ll need to enable native auditing to record access activity, and create a script to alert you when events are written to the security event log (e.g. using dumpel.exe).

If you’re PowerShell inclined, we’ve written a bit on how to combat CryptoLocker with PowerShell.

If your detective control mechanism can trigger an automated response, such as disabling the user account, the attack is effectively stopped before inflicting further damage. For example, a response to a user that generates more than 100 modify events within a minute might include:

Notifying IT and security administrators (include the affected username and machine)

Checking the machine’s registry for known keys/values that CryptoLocker creates:

Get-Item HKCU:SoftwareCryptoLockerFiles).GetValueNames()

if value exists, disable user automatically.

Download Cryptolocker Virus For Testing Tool

If recorded access activity is preserved and adequately searchable, it becomes invaluable in recovery efforts, as it provides a complete record of all affected files, user accounts, and (potentially) hosts. Varonis customers can use the output from report 1a (as described here) to restore files from a backup or shadow copy.

Depending on the variant of CryptoLocker, encryption may be reversible with a real-time disassembler.

Ransomware Safety Tips

Update your antivirus and endpoint protection software – these solutions can help detect certain types of ransomware and prevent it from encrypting your files.

Avoid phishing scams – phishing emails are the most prevalent delivery mechanism for ransomware.

Keep backups of your documents – it’s much faster and easier to recover your documents from a backup than it is to decrypt them, if they’ve been compromised in a ransomware attack.

Commit to a zero-trust/least privilege model – ransomware can only affect the folders a user can write to. A least privilege model limits that access to only what’s absolutely necessary.

Monitor file activity and user behavior to detect, alert and respond to potential ransomware activity.

New ransomware variants are popping up all the time – luckily our dedicated security forensics team does the legwork for you and diligently updates the ransomware signatures that Varonis detects. See how it works with a free 1:1 demo and learn more about how our ransomware defense architecture is designed to protect enterprise data from zero-day attacks beyond the endpoint – catching ransomware that traditional perimeter security doesn’t see.

If you ever needed a reminder to be careful about the emails and attachments you open, it’s now. The Crypto Locker virus that is going around is said to be one of the worst ever and is infecting computers with the Windows OS all across the United States. The virus, also called “ransomware,” works by holding your files hostage until you pay a fee.

The Crypto Locker virus is passed around in emails that have innocent enough looking senders, such as UPS or FedEx, but they’re not really from these corporations, of course. Instead, when you open the attachment, your computer becomes infected and the virus locks all your files until you pay a ransom. Check out a picture of what the Crypto Locker demand screen looks like:

Cryptolocker Virus Symantec

Well i found this sample on my PC i when i was scanning my box. 😛 anyways might be this sample is useful for you.Please handle with care.

RAR Pass: 123

Download Cryptolocker Virus For Testing Free

Download from here !

What Is Cryptolocker Virus

[email protected]

Download Cryptolocker Virus For Testing Software

[email protected]

Download Cryptolocker Virus For Testing Sites

Tushar Verma (c0d3369)

0 notes

suzanneshannon · 5 years ago

Text

Yori - The quiet little CMD replacement that you need to install NOW

I did a post on the difference between a console, a terminal, and a shell a while back. We talk a lot about alternative "Terminals" like the Windows Terminal (that you should download immediately) but not shells. You do see a lot of choices in the Linux space with the top give being Bash, Zsh, Fish, Tcsh, and Ksh but not a lot about alternative shells for Windows. Did you love 4DOS? Well, READ ON. (Yes I know TCC is a thing, but Yori is a different thing)

So let's talk about a quiet little CMD replacement shell that is quietly taking over my life. You should check it out and spend some time with it. It's called Yori and it's open source and it's entirely written by one Malcolm Smith. It deserves your attention and respect because Yori has quickly become my goto "DOS but not DOS" prompt.

Of course, cmd.exe isn't DOS but it's evocative of DOS and it's "Close enough to be DOS." It'll run .cmd files and batch files. If dir, and del *.*, and rd /s feels more intuitive to you than bash shell commands, Yori will fit into your life nicely.

I use PowerShell a lot as a shell and I use Bash via WSL and Ubuntu but since I started on CMD (or command.com, even) Yori feels very comfortable because it's literally "CMD reimagined."Yori offers a number of cmd++ enhancements like:

Autocomplete suggestions as you type

Ctrl+to select Values

WAY better Tab completiion

Awesome file matching

Beyond MAX_PATH support for "DOS"

Rich Text Copy!

Backquote support

Background Jobs like Unix but for DOS. SO you can use & like a real person!

Alias! My goodness!

which (like where, but it's which!) command

hexdump, lines, touch, and more great added tools

lots of "y" utils like ydate and ymem and ymore.

New Environment variables make your batch files shine

ANSI colors/UTF-8 support!

Download Yori, make a link, pin it, or add it to your Windows Terminal of choice (see below), and then explore the extensive Guide To Yori.

Did I mention & jobs support! How often have you done a copy or xcopy and wanted to &! it and then check it later with job? Now you can!

C:\Users\Scott\Desktop>dir &! Job 2: c:\Program Files\Yori\ydir.exe C:\Users\Scott\Desktop>job Job 1 (completed): c:\Program Files\Yori\ydir.exe Job 2 (executing): c:\Program Files\Yori\ydir.exe Job 2 completed, result 0: c:\Program Files\Yori\ydir.exe

Yori also support updating itself with "ypm -u" which is clever. Other lovely Yori-isms that will make you smile?

cd ~ - it works

cd ~desktop - does what you think it'd do

Win32 versions of UNIX favorites including cut, date, expr, fg, iconv, nice, sleep, split, tail, tee, wait and which

dir | clip - supports HTML as well!

durable command history

And don't minimize the amount of work that's happened here. It's a LOT. And it's a great balance between compatibility and breaking compatibility to bring the best of the old and the best of the new into a bright future.

Other must-have Malcolm Smith Tools

Now that I've "sold" you Yori (it's free!) be sure to pick up sdir (so good, a gorgeous dir replacement) and other lovely tools that Malcolm has written and put them ALL in your c:\utils folder (you have one, right? Make one! Put it in DropBox/OneDrive! Then add it to your PATH on every machine you have!) and enjoy!

Adding Yori to the Windows Terminal

Yori includes it's own improved Yori-specific terminal (to go with the Yori shell) but it also works with your favorite terminal.

If you are using the Windows Terminal, head over to your settings file (from the main Windows Terminal menu) and add something like this for a Yori menu. You don't need all of this, just the basics like commandline. I added my own colorScheme and tabTitle. You can salt your own to taste.

{ "acrylicOpacity": 0.85000002384185791, "closeOnExit": true, "colorScheme": "Lovelace", "commandline": "c://Program Files//Yori//yori.exe", "cursorColor": "#00FF00", "cursorHeight": 25, "cursorShape": "vintage", "fontFace": "Cascadia Code", "fontSize": 20, "guid": "{7d04ce37-c00f-43ac-ba47-992cb1393215}", "historySize": 9001, "icon": "ms-appdata:///roaming/cmd-32.png", "name": "DOS but not DOS", "padding": "0, 0, 0, 0", "snapOnInput": true, "startingDirectory": "C:/Users/Scott/Desktop", "tabTitle": "DOS, Kinda", "useAcrylic": true },

Great stuff!

I want YOU, Dear Reader, to head over to https://github.com/malxau/yori right now and give Yori and Malcolm a STAR. He's got 110 as of the time of this posting. Let's make that thousands. There's so many amazing folks out there quietly writing utilities for themselves, tirelessly, and a star is a small thing you can do to let them know "I see you and I appreciate you."

Sponsor: Curious about the state of software security as we head into 2020? Check out Veracode’s 2019 SOSS X report to learn common vulnerability types, how to improve fix rates, and crucial industry data.

Yori - The quiet little CMD replacement that you need to install NOW published first on https://deskbysnafu.tumblr.com/

0 notes

philipholt · 5 years ago

Text

Yori - The quiet little CMD replacement that you need to install NOW

Autocomplete suggestions as you type

Ctrl+to select Values

WAY better Tab completiion

Awesome file matching

Beyond MAX_PATH support for "DOS"

Rich Text Copy!

Backquote support

Background Jobs like Unix but for DOS. SO you can use & like a real person!

Alias! My goodness!

which (like where, but it's which!) command

hexdump, lines, touch, and more great added tools

lots of "y" utils like ydate and ymem and ymore.

New Environment variables make your batch files shine

ANSI colors/UTF-8 support!

Download Yori, make a link, pin it, or add it to your Windows Terminal of choice (see below), and then explore the extensive Guide To Yori.

Did I mention & jobs support! How often have you done a copy or xcopy and wanted to &! it and then check it later with job? Now you can!

Yori also support updating itself with "ypm -u" which is clever. Other lovely Yori-isms that will make you smile?

cd ~ - it works

cd ~desktop - does what you think it'd do

Win32 versions of UNIX favorites including cut, date, expr, fg, iconv, nice, sleep, split, tail, tee, wait and which

dir | clip - supports HTML as well!

durable command history

Other must-have Malcolm Smith Tools

Adding Yori to the Windows Terminal

Yori includes it's own improved Yori-specific terminal (to go with the Yori shell) but it also works with your favorite terminal.

Great stuff!

Yori - The quiet little CMD replacement that you need to install NOW published first on http://7elementswd.tumblr.com/

0 notes

qacult-blog · 6 years ago

Photo

How do I launch a batch file in a Selenium WebDriver project?

Hi Friend,

When you want to create utilty to run batch file for your selenium tests, its always useful.

I am giving you example of creating utility in Java Language to run batch file.

Create batch file on your desktop and name it as abc.bat and write inside it echo "He is learning automation"

Now create Java main class

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.OutputStream;

public class CMDUtilityToRunBatchFile {

public static void main(String args[]){

CMDUtilityToRunBatchFile testScript = new CMDUtilityToRunBatchFile();

execDOSCmd();

}

public static void execDOSCmd() {

try {

// Execute command

String command ="cmd /c start C:\Users\DreamBook\Desktop\abc.bat";

Process child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);

// Get output stream to write from it

OutputStream out = child.getOutputStream();

out.write("cd C:/ /r/n".getBytes());

out.flush();

out.write("dir /r/n".getBytes());

out.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

}

Now run this Java file as “Java application” or call execDOSCmd() method from elsewhere. Even You can run your own batch script with this method.

**************************************************************************************

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And visit our website: www.qacult.com for various blogs and Upcoming Events.

0 notes

thetechnologyguy-blog1 · 6 years ago

Text

ENCONTRAR MALWARE OCULTO EN .NET

PARA MÁS DETALLES VISITE: https://noticiasseguridad.com/tutoriales/encontrar-malware-oculto-en-net/

La recopilación de información no es una tarea fácil. En muchas fases, el pentester tiene que pasar por muchas herramientas para reunir mucha información. Hoy estamos hablando de una herramienta llamada SHED, para la extracción de información. Esta herramienta puede ser útil para extraer información de programación .NET. En muchas fases de pentesting, si el pentester tiene un software con código .NET, el pentester puede abrir el software fácilmente utilizando Shed, que da una visión general de qué información se almacena y ejecuta.

Según investigadores en seguridad en redes del Instituto Internacional de Seguridad Cibernética, Shed es útil en la fase inicial de análisis de malware.

La siguiente demostración fue realizada en Windows 10.

Descargue la herramienta desde: https://github.com/enkomio/shed/releases/tag/2.0.0 Descomprima la herramienta utilizando cualquier software de descompresión Luego abra CMD como administrador. Para abrir, escriba cmd en el menú de inicio y haga clic derecho en el icono de cmd y luego haga clic en run as administrator. Vaya a la ubicación donde Shed se ha descomprimido. Escriba cd C:\Users\Username\Desktop\Shed Escriba dir Escriba Shed.exe –help Luego para escanear archivos .NET exe, puede usar los archivos exe proporcionados en github: https://github.com/enkomio/shed Después de descargar y descomprimir el archivo, abra el proyecto en Visual Studio. Debe configurarlo para abrir este proyecto, pues requiere .net framework 4.7.2 Si es necesario .net framework no está instalado. Luego vaya a: https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/thank-you/net472 Después de descargar e instalar .net framework 4.7.2. Abra Visual Studio 2015 o cualquier versión de Visual Studio con el marco requerido Y abra el proyecto como se muestra abajo Después de abrir el programa como se muestra a continuación Para comprobar si el framework .net está instalado Elija cualquier programa (HelloWorld) Haga clic derecho en el programa. Ir a propiedades. Compruebe .NET Framework como se muestra a continuación Luego abre el código y luego haga clic en compilar o presione F6. Después de construir un exe se creará Y ahora vaya a depurar la ubicación en el software. Vaya a C: \Users\Username\Desktop\shed-master\Tests\HelloWorld\bin\Debug Copie el archivo exe a la ubicación de Shed (C:\Users\Username\Desktop\Shell) y luego vuelva a cmd donde se abrió Shed Ir a CMD abierto de Shed Escriba Shed.exe –exe HelloWorld.exe La consulta anterior muestra los valores de cadena del programa .net. También muestra las DLL (Dynamic Link Library) y los módulos dinámicos La información anterior muestra los DLL del programa. Esta herramienta se puede utilizar para analizar cualquier código de malware. Esta herramienta se puede utilizar en otras actividades de hacking Ahora usaremos Shed para mostrar cómo inyectar una DLL en un proceso en ejecución. Usaremos un programa .net dado en Shed llamado WindowsFormHelloWorld. Compile este programa como lo hicimos anteriormente y genere WindowsFormHelloworld.exe y cópielo en el directorio derramado como lo hicimos anteriormente Luego escriba WindowsFormHelloworld.exe La consulta anterior iniciará el programa .net y mostrará su PID. Ahora este PID se puede utilizar en la inyección de una DLL Para inyectar dll: Usted ha depurado dll presentado en código de ejemplo. Luego copie el archivo InjectAssembly.dll de C:\Users\Username\Desktop\ shed-master \ Tests \ HelloWorld \bin\Depurar a C: \Users\Desktop\Shed Escriba Shed.exe –exe InjectAssembly.dll –inject –pid 10804 La consulta anterior ha inyectado la dll. Ahora para abrir el resultado, vaya a: C:\Users\ Username\Desktop\Shed\Result\14284 En los resultados, abra los registros donde puede ver la dll y la dll dinámica, valores de cadena. Como se muestra arriba en la primera consulta. Esta información puede ser utilizada en el análisis del exe. Además crea un archivo .json. El archivo muestra los espacios de nombres de SystemIO. Referencias que se utilizan en la programación .net. Puedes separar esos espacios de nombres La captura de pantalla de arriba muestra los espacios de nombres .net. Estos generalizan los espacios de nombres del sistema El malware .net puede ofrecer software publicitario que también puede tomar capturas de pantalla de su escritorio. Este cobertizo puede ayudarte a encontrar malware en los programas .net Esta información puede considerarse en el análisis de malware u otras actividades de hacking

#ciberseguridad

0 notes

byothe-fr · 2 years ago

Text

bien sûr d'autre manière de générer la liste des fichiers d'un dossier, mais c'est de loin la solution la plus simple sans installer aucun logiciel.

0 notes

just4programmers · 6 years ago

Text

The year of Linux on the (Windows) Desktop - WSL Tips and Tricks

I've been doing a ton of work in bash/zsh/fish lately - Linuxing. In case you didn't know, Windows 10 can run Linux now. Sure, you can run Linux in a VM, but it's heavy and you need a decent machine. You can run a shell under Docker, but you'll need Hyper-V and Windows 10 Pro. You can even go to https://shell.azure.com and get a terminal anywhere - I do this on my Chromebook.

But mostly I run Linux natively on Windows 10. You can go. Just open PowerShell once, as Administrator and run this command and reboot:

Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux

Then head over to the Windows Store and download Ubuntu, or Debian, or Kali, or whatever.

Ubuntu

OpenSUSE

SLES

Kali Linux

Debian GNU/Linux

What's happening is you're running user-mode Linux without the Linux Kernel. The syscalls (system calls) that these un-modified Linuxes use are brokered over to Windows. Fork a Linux process? It a pico-process in Windows and shows up in the task manager.

Want to edit Windows files and edit them both in Windows and in Linux? Keep your files/code in /mnt/c/ and you can edit them with other OS. Don't use Windows to "reach into the Linux file system." There be dragons.

Once you've got a Linux installed (or many, as I do) you can manage then and use them in a number of ways.

Think this is stupid or foolish? Stop reading and keep running Linux and I wish you all the best. More power to you.

Want to know more? Want to look new and creative ways you can get the BEST of the Windows UI and Linux command line tools? Read on, friends.

wslconfig

WSL means "Windows Subsystem for Linux." Starting with the Windows 10 (version 1709 - that's 2017-09, the Fall Creators Update. Run "Winver" to see what you're running), you've got a command called "wslconfig." Try it out. It lists distros you have and controls which one starts when you type "bash."

Check out below that my default for "bash" is Ubuntu 16.04, but I can run 18.04 manually if I like. See how I move from cmd into bash and exit out, then go back in, seamlessly. Again, no VM.

C:\>wslconfig /l /all Windows Subsystem for Linux Distributions: Ubuntu (Default) Ubuntu-18.04 openSUSE-42 Debian kali-rolling C:\>wslconfig /l Windows Subsystem for Linux Distributions: Ubuntu (Default) Ubuntu-18.04 openSUSE-42 Debian kali-rolling C:\>bash 128 → $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS Release: 16.04 Codename: xenial 128 → $ exit logout C:\>ubuntu1804 scott@SONOFHEXPOWER:~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Release: 18.04 Codename: bionic scott@SONOFHEXPOWER:~$

You can also pipe things into Linux commands by piping to wsl or bash like this:

C:\Users\scott\Desktop>dir | wsl grep "poop" 05/18/2018 04:23 PM <DIR> poop

If you're in Windows, running cmd.exe or powershell.exe, it's best to move into Linux by running wsl or bash as it keeps the current directory.

C:\Users\scott\Desktop>bash 129 → $ pwd /mnt/c/Users/scott/Desktop 129 → $ exit logout

Cool! Wondering what that number is before my Prompt? That's my blood sugar. But that's another blog post.

wsl.conf

There's a file in /etc/wsl.conf that lets you control things like if your Linux of choice automounts your Windows drives. You can also control more advanced things like if Windows autogenerates a hosts file or processes /etc/fstab. It's up to you!

Distros

There's a half dozen distros available and more coming I'm told, but YOU can also make/package your own Linux distribution for WSL with packager/distro-launcher that's open sourced at GitHub.

Coding and Editing Files

I need to hit this point again. Do not change Linux files using Windows apps and tools. However, you CAN share files and edit them with both Windows and Linux by keeping code on the Windows filesystem.

For example, my work is at c:\github so it's also at /mnt/github. I use Visual Studio code and edit my code there (or vim, from within WSL) and I run the code from Linux. I can even run bash/wsl from within Visual Studio Code using its integrated terminal. Just hit "Ctrl+P" in Visual Studio Code and type "Select Default Shell."

On Windows 10 Insiders edition, Windows now has a UI called "Sets" that will give you Tabbed Command Prompts. Here I am installing Ruby on Rails in Ubuntu next to two other prompts - Cmd and PowerShell. This is all default Windows - no add-ons or extra programs for this experience.

I'm using Rails as an example here because Ruby/Rails support on Windows with native extensions has historically been a challenge. There's been a group of people heroically (and thanklessly) trying to get Ruby on Rails working well on Windows, but today there is no need. It runs great on Linux under Windows.

I can also run Windows apps or tools from Linux as long as I use their full name with extension (like code.exe) or set an alias.

Here I've made an alias "code" that runs code in the current directory, then I've got VS Code running editing my new Rails app.

I can even mix and match Windows and Linux when piping. This will likely make Windows people happy and deeply offend Linux people. Or, if you're non-denominational like me, you'll dig it!

$ ipconfig.exe | grep IPv4 | cut -d: -f2 172.21.240.1 10.159.21.24

Again a reminder: Modifying files located not under /mnt/<x> with a Windows application in WSL is not supported. But edit stuff on /mnt/x with whatever and you're cool.

Sharing Sharing Sharing

If you have Windows 10 Build 17064 or newer (run ver from windows or "cmd.exe /c /ver" from Linux) and you can even share an environment variable!

131 → $ cmd.exe /c ver Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17672.1000]

There's a special environment variable called "WSLENV" that is a colon-delimited list of environment variables that should be included when launching WSL processes from Win32 or Win32 processes from WSL. Basically you give it a list of variables you want to roam/share. This will make it easy for things like cross-platform dual builds. You can even add a /p flag and it'll automatically translate paths between c:\windows style and /mnt/c/windows style.

Check out the example at the WSL Blog about how to share a GOPATH and use VSCode in Windows and run Go in both places.

You can also use a special built-in command line called "wslpath" to translate path names between Windows and WSL. This is useful if you're sharing bash scripts, doing cross-platform scripts (I have PowerShell Core scripts that run in both places) or just need to programmatically switch path types.

131 → $ wslpath "d:\github\hanselminutes-core" /mnt/d/github/hanselminutes-core 131 → $ wslpath "c:\Users\scott\Desktop" /mnt/c/Users/scott/Desktop

There is no man page for wslpath yet, but copied from this GitHub issue, here's the gist:

wslpath usage: -a force result to absolute path format -u translate from a Windows path to a WSL path (default) -w translate from a WSL path to a Windows path -m translate from a WSL path to a Windows path, with ‘/’ instead of ‘\\’

One final note, once you've installed a Linux distro from the Windows Store, it's on you to keep it up to date. The Windows Store won't run "apt upgrade" or ever touch your Linuxes once they have been installed. Additionally, you can have Ubuntu 1604 and 1804 installed side-by-side and it won't hurt anything.

Recommended Reading

Attackers Deploy New ICS Attack Framework “TRITON” and Cause Operational Disruption to Critical Infrastructure

Attack Induced Common-Mode Failures on PLC-Based Safety System in a Nuclear Power Plant: Practical Experience Report

Analyzing the TRITON industrial malware

Repository containting original and decompiled files of TRISIS/TRITON/HATMAN malware

MAR-17-352-01 HatMan – Safety System Targeted Malware (Update A)

TRISIS Malware Analysis of Safety System Targeted Malware

Appendix A: TriStation Message Type Codes

The following table consists of hex values at offset 0 in the TriStation UDP packets and the associated dictionary definitions, extracted verbatim from the TRITON framework in library TS_cnames.pyc.

Value at 0x0

Message Type

Connection Request

Connection Response

Disconnect Request

Disconnect Response

Execution Command

Ping Command

Connection Limit Reached

Not Connected

MPS Are Dead

Access Denied

Connection Failed

Appendix B: TriStation Execution Command Function Codes

The following table consists of hex values at offset 6 in the TriStation UDP packets and the associated dictionary definitions, extracted verbatim from the TRITON framework in library TS_cnames.pyc.

Value at 0x6

TS_cnames String

0: ‘Start download all’,

1: ‘Start download change’,

2: ‘Update configuration’,

3: ‘Upload configuration’,

4: ‘Set I/O addresses’,

5: ‘Allocate network’,

6: ‘Load vector table’,

7: ‘Set calendar’,

8: ‘Get calendar’,

9: ‘Set scan time’,

10: ‘End download all’,

11: ‘End download change’,

12: ‘Cancel download change’,

13: ‘Attach TRICON’,

14: ‘Set I/O address limits’,

15: ‘Configure module’,

16: ‘Set multiple point values’,

17: ‘Enable all points’,

18: ‘Upload vector table’,

19: ‘Get CP status ‘,

20: ‘Run program’,

21: ‘Halt program’,

22: ‘Pause program’,

23: ‘Do single scan’,

24: ‘Get chassis status’,

25: ‘Get minimum scan time’,

26: ‘Set node number’,

27: ‘Set I/O point values’,

28: ‘Get I/O point values’,

29: ‘Get MP status’,

30: ‘Set retentive values’,

31: ‘Adjust clock calendar’,

32: ‘Clear module alarms’,

33: ‘Get event log’,

34: ‘Set SOE block’,

35: ‘Record event log’,

36: ‘Get SOE data’,

37: ‘Enable OVD’,

38: ‘Disable OVD’,

39: ‘Enable all OVDs’,

40: ‘Disable all OVDs’,

41: ‘Process MODBUS’,

42: ‘Upload network’,

43: ‘Set lable’,

44: ‘Configure system variables’,

45: ‘Deconfigure module’,

46: ‘Get system variables’,

47: ‘Get module types’,

48: ‘Begin conversion table download’,

49: ‘Continue conversion table download’,

50: ‘End conversion table download’,

51: ‘Get conversion table’,

52: ‘Set ICM status’,

53: ‘Broadcast SOE data available’,

54: ‘Get module versions’,

55: ‘Allocate program’,

56: ‘Allocate function’,

57: ‘Clear retentives’,

58: ‘Set initial values’,

59: ‘Start TS2 program download’,

60: ‘Set TS2 data area’,

61: ‘Get TS2 data’,

62: ‘Set TS2 data’,

63: ‘Set program information’,

64: ‘Get program information’,

65: ‘Upload program’,

66: ‘Upload function’,

67: ‘Get point groups’,

68: ‘Allocate symbol table’,

69: ‘Get I/O address’,

70: ‘Resend I/O address’,

71: ‘Get program timing’,

72: ‘Allocate multiple functions’,

73: ‘Get node number’,

74: ‘Get symbol table’,

75: ‘Unk75’,

76: ‘Unk76’,

77: ‘Unk77’,

78: ‘Unk78’,

79: ‘Unk79’,

80: ‘Go to DOWNLOAD mode’,

81: ‘Unk81’,

83: ‘Unk83’,

100: ‘Command rejected’,

101: ‘Download all permitted’,

102: ‘Download change permitted’,

103: ‘Modification accepted’,

104: ‘Download cancelled’,

105: ‘Program accepted’,

106: ‘TRICON attached’,

107: ‘I/O addresses set’,

108: ‘Get CP status response’,

109: ‘Program is running’,

110: ‘Program is halted’,

111: ‘Program is paused’,

112: ‘End of single scan’,

113: ‘Get chassis configuration response’,

114: ‘Scan period modified’,

115: ‘‘,

116: ‘‘,

117: ‘Module configured’,

118: ‘‘,

119: ‘Get chassis status response’,

120: ‘Vectors response’,

121: ‘Get I/O point values response’,

122: ‘Calendar changed’,

123: ‘Configuration updated’,

124: ‘Get minimum scan time response’,

125: ‘‘,

126: ‘Node number set’,

127: ‘Get MP status response’,

128: ‘Retentive values set’,

129: ‘SOE block set’,

130: ‘Module alarms cleared’,

131: ‘Get event log response’,

132: ‘Symbol table ccepted’,

133: ‘OVD enable accepted’,

134: ‘OVD disable accepted’,

135: ‘Record event log response’,

136: ‘Upload network response’,

137: ‘Get SOE data response’,

138: ‘Alocate network accepted’,

139: ‘Load vector table accepted’,

140: ‘Get calendar response’,

141: ‘Label set’,

142: ‘Get module types response’,

143: ‘System variables configured’,

144: ‘Module deconfigured’,

145: ‘‘,

146: ‘‘,

147: ‘Get conversion table response’,

148: ‘ICM print data sent’,

149: ‘Set ICM status response’,

150: ‘Get system variables response’,

151: ‘Get module versions response’,

152: ‘Process MODBUS response’,

153: ‘Allocate program response’,

154: ‘Allocate function response’,

155: ‘Clear retentives response’,

156: ‘Set initial values response’,

157: ‘Set TS2 data area response’,

158: ‘Get TS2 data response’,

159: ‘Set TS2 data response’,

160: ‘Set program information reponse’,

161: ‘Get program information response’,

162: ‘Upload program response’,

163: ‘Upload function response’,

164: ‘Get point groups response’,

165: ‘Allocate symbol table response’,

166: ‘Program timing response’,

167: ‘Disable points full’,

168: ‘Allocate multiple functions response’,

169: ‘Get node number response’,

170: ‘Symbol table response’,

200: ‘Wrong command’,

201: ‘Load is in progress’,

202: ‘Bad clock calendar data’,

203: ‘Control program not halted’,

204: ‘Control program checksum error’,

205: ‘No memory available’,

206: ‘Control program not valid’,

207: ‘Not loading a control program’,

208: ‘Network is out of range’,

209: ‘Not enough arguments’,

210: ‘A Network is missing’,

211: ‘The download time mismatches’,

212: ‘Key setting prohibits this operation’,

213: ‘Bad control program version’,

214: ‘Command not in correct sequence’,

215: ‘‘,

216: ‘Bad Index for a module’,

217: ‘Module address is invalid’,

218: ‘‘,

219: ‘‘,

220: ‘Bad offset for an I/O point’,

221: ‘Invalid point type’,

222: ‘Invalid Point Location’,

223: ‘Program name is invalid’,

224: ‘‘,

225: ‘‘,

226: ‘‘,

227: ‘Invalid module type’,

228: ‘‘,

229: ‘Invalid table type’,

230: ‘‘,

231: ‘Invalid network continuation’,

232: ‘Invalid scan time’,

233: ‘Load is busy’,

234: ‘An MP has re-educated’,

235: ‘Invalid chassis or slot’,

236: ‘Invalid SOE number’,

237: ‘Invalid SOE type’,

238: ‘Invalid SOE state’,

239: ‘The variable is write protected’,

240: ‘Node number mismatch’,

241: ‘Command not allowed’,

242: ‘Invalid sequence number’,

243: ‘Time change on non-master TRICON’,

244: ‘No free Tristation ports’,

245: ‘Invalid Tristation I command’,

246: ‘Invalid TriStation 1131 command’,

247: ‘Only one chassis allowed’,

248: ‘Bad variable address’,

249: ‘Response overflow’,

250: ‘Invalid bus’,

251: ‘Disable is not allowed’,

252: ‘Invalid length’,

253: ‘Point cannot be disabled’,

254: ‘Too many retentive variables’,

255: ‘LOADER_CONNECT’,

256: ‘Unknown reject code’

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Go to Source Author: Steve Miller A Totally Tubular Treatise on TRITON and TriStation Original Post from FireEye Author: Steve Miller Introduction In December 2017, FireEye's Mandiant discussed an incident response involving the…

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thenextenter-blog · 6 years ago

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Environment for Java programming

Simply said, I love Java! It is cross-platform, fast, powerful and widely used. Java is not easy programming language to learn but it will allow us to do some grate stuff in the future. To get some basic knowledge of Java, I recommend you to watch Derek Banas video since it contains a lot of useful information. Beside pure Java, we are also going to use Spring Framework with Spring Boot. Here I recommend you to watch Java Brains tutorials since this was the starting point for me and it worked. In this text I will only show you my environment setup and workflow, but have in mind that if you already have workflow that is working for you, stick to it or try this one.

Java 8 - Linux

Go to Oracle website and follow the instructions.

Now we will add installed JRE as JAVA_HOME.

Go to profile vim /etc/profile, add next lines and save file.

# Chnage _USER_ to your linux user export JAVA_HOME="/home/_USER_/" export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Reboot your system. After this, if you execute the command java -version you will see something like this:

java version "1.8.0_191" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

Java 8 - Windows

Go to Oracle website and download JDK for Windows. Have in mind that you need to check Accept License Agreement.

After download is done, run the executable you just follow the instructions.

Open PowerShell and type java -version. System should report something like this:

java version "1.8.0_191" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

Eclipse IDE for Java

Go to Eclipse website and download Eclipse IDE for Java Developers.

Extract ZIP file somewhere in your filesystem.

Run Eclipse and select workspace. You can use the default or create your own.

After this Eclipse will open selected workspace.

Java - Hello World

In Eclipse, create new Java project and call it hello-world.

In src directory of the project create package com.test.threads and in it class Main.

Create main public method and print Hello World to the console. By running the program (press F11 on keyboard) we can se that the Hello World! message appears in console.

Now lets create a executable of our small project. Right click on the project and chose Export.

Go to Java and select Runnable JAR.

Select Launch Configuration (project) and select directory where JAR will be exported, then click Finish.

Since I selected Desktop as the export directory, I will open PowerShell, navigate to desktop and here I can see may JAR file by running dir command.

Now start JAR by running the command java -jar hello-world.jar and you will be able to see Hello World! message printed in console.

Processing

Processing is a library for Java that will give us tools for simulation and data visualization. Of course, Processing is much more then this, it will give us canvas for 2D or 3D animations with OpenGL acceleration. It can be used without the Eclipse and you can find awesome tutorials about it on The Coding Train Youtube channel. Now we will see how to add Processing libraries to an Eclipse project.

In Eclipse, create new Java project called processing-starter.

In root of the project, create folder called libs.

Go to Processing website and download it.

Open ZIP file, go to core/library and copy all JARs to libs folder in the Eclipse.

Add all libraries to Build Path and you should have something like in the image below.

Now create class Main inside of the com.test.threads package.

Set Main class to extend PApplet class.

Create main method and in it set PApplet main class like shown in the code below.

import processing.core.PApplet; public class Main extends PApplet { public static void main(String[] args) { PApplet.main("com.test.threads.Main"); } }

Now we need to write few default methods of PApplet used for creating GUI window and drawing in it.

import processing.core.PApplet; public class Main extends PApplet { // Define main class for PApplet public static void main(String[] args) { PApplet.main("com.test.threads.Main"); } // Set window size and enable 2D acceleration public void settings() { size(600, 400, P2D); } // Setup the environment public void setup() { settings(); frameRate(30); } // Loop method that is drawing pixels in the window public void draw() { background(140, 70, 260); } }

If you run the program, GUI window should popup with background color that we have set with background function.

In the future I will do some projects in which we will use Processing to simulate movement of mathematical model since Processing animations are more fun and prettier then simulations from Wolfram Mathematica or Matlab. Of course, those two programs are really powerful and we are going to use them too. I created simple Snake Game using Processing to give you something interesting and motivate you to learn Java and Processing since it is a lot of fun.

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shaquilleptr-blog · 7 years ago

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Tutorial menggunakan CMD (Command Prompt)

Untuk sobat yang suka berkomputer ria pasti sudah mengenal yang namanya command promt dan At command, sebenarnya apa sih command promt dan at command itu. Command prompt adalah sebuah perintah berbasis DOS pada Windows OS (windows xp, windows 7) untuk memudahkan user berinteraksi dengan computer baik secara Online ataupun offline, untuk membantu atau sebagai alat bantu compiler dari berbagai baris perintah yang dimasukkan oleh user. Command prompt ini sering juga di salah gunakan oleh para cracker, dalam menjalankan aksinya. Sebagai contoh penggunaan command prompt adalah untuk mendeteksi virus, pemisahan virus, file induk virus hanya dengan perintah ATTRIB, dan lain sebagainya, Oleh sebaba itu untuk pengetahuan sobat yang suka berkomputer ria harus tahu sedikit banyak tentang perintah command prompt ini. Sebagai perintah dasar yang sering digunakan, dan sobat bisa mencobanya 1. DIRPerintah DIR digunakan untuk melihat isi folder/direktori bentuk umum DIR dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut:DIR (drive:) (path) (file name) (/P) (/N0 (/A) ((:) Atribut) (/O) ((c:shocked) (/S) (/B) (/L) (/C) (/H) Options yang dijalankan pada perintah DIR yaitu sebagai berikut:/P : Untuk menampilkan nama file perhalaman layar secara vertical./N : Untuk menampilkan nama file secara horizontal./A : Untuk menampilkan semua file,jika akan ditampilkan file yang akan disembunyikan(hidden) ditambahkan atribut +H/O : Untuk menampilkan file secara berurutanN :(menurut nama file)E :(menurut tipe file (extention))S :(menurut ukuran dari yang terkecil sampai ang terbesar)D :(meurut tanggal dan waktu modifikasi untuk mengembalikan instruksi)/S : Untuk menampilkan file dari root dari direktori sub/B : Untuk menampilkan file direktori baris demi baris/L : Untuk menampilkan file direktori dlm bentuk huruf kecil/C : Untuk menampilkan rasio pengoperasian misalnyaC:\> DIR untuk menampilkan root dalam direktoriC:\> DIR untuk menampilkan nama file bserta smua extonsinyaC:\> DIR/W untuk mnampilkan nama file secara menyebarC:\> DIR/A untuk mnampilkan nma file yang terdapat pada drive A 2. COPYPerintah copy digunakan untuk menyimpan file bentuk umum perintah ini adalah copy:D misalnyaA:\>COPY**C : Perintah untuk menyalin file standar A ke dalam Drive CA:\>COPY DATA : Perintah untuk menyalin file yang bernama data dan A ke CA:\>COPY E SURAT G: Perintah untuk menyalin file yang bernama surat dari drive E Ke GA:\>COPY?D**F : Perintah yang digunakan untuk menyalin file yang huruf ke Duanya D dari drive C ke drive F 3. DELDigunakan untuk menghapus file/subdirectory bentuk umum DEL:NAMA FILEA:\>DEL*.DOC : Perintah untuk menghapus semua file yang berakhiran doc.pd drive AA:\>DEL** : Perintah untu menghapus semua nama file di drive A dg smua akiran-Nya.A:\>DEL?G* : Perintah untuk menghapus nama-nama file yang huruf keduanya danBeserta semua extensinya. 4. RENDigunakan untuk menggantinama file.Bentuk umum REN : REN(:(nama file)(nama file baru) misalnya:C:\>RENA :surat DOC.DATA.DOCSemua file surat doc.pada drive A diganti menjadi DATA DOC 5. MOVEDigunakan untuk memindah file,perintah ini juga di pakai untuk menggantikan nama dirtektori dan nama file yang di pindahkan.Bentuk umum MOVE.MOVE[DRIVE][PATH][NAMA FILE][DRIVE][PATH][FILE NAMA] misalnya:C:\>MOVE C:\PENJUALAN.XLS.C:\DATAPindahkan file dengan nama penjualan xls.ke sub direktori DATA pada drive C 6. MD (MKDIR)Digunakan untuk membuat subdirektori,bentuk umum MD: MD d:[nama file]C:\> BACKUP :mmbuat sub dengan nama backup 7. CDDigunakan sebagai perint ah pindah direktori/mengubah direktoriC:\>CD\ENTERTAINT :pindah ke subdirektori ENTERTAINT 8. RDDigunakan untuk menghapus suatu direktori. Untuk menghapus sebuah direktori,posisi perintah penghapusan subdirektori tersebut harus berada diluar subdirektori yang akan dihapus.Subdirektori yang akan dihapus harus benar-benar kosong,setalah seluruh isi direktori tersebutdihapus terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan perintah DEL** kemudian pindah kedirektori induk (root direktori) daan lakukan perintah CD.Untuk mengakhiri pekerjaan dalam Ms-DOS prompt kita dapat langsung mengetik EXIT setelah promt C:\> EXIT lalu ENTER. Sebenarnya untuk menampilkan perintah command prompt ini sobat juga bisa menampilkannya dengan cara masuk ke Start Klik kiri, masuk ke RUN, ketik CMD lalu ok terus muncul kota hitam dan disana anda tinggal ketik help terus enter a ADDUSERS : Tambah daftar pengguna untuk / dari file CSVARP : Address Resolution ProtocolAssoc : Ubah ekstensi file asosiasiASSOCIAT : Salah satu langkah asosiasi fileAttrib : Ubah atribut berkas b Bootcfg : Edit Windows boot settingsBROWSTAT : Dapatkan domain, info browser dan PDC c CACLS : Ubah file permissionsCALL : Panggil satu program batch yang lainCD : Mengganti Directory – pindah ke Folder tertentuChange : Ganti Terminal Server Session propertiesCHKDSK : Check Disk – memeriksa dan memperbaiki masalah diskCHKNTFS : Periksa sistem file NTFSCHOICE : Menerima input keyboard ke sebuah file batchCIPHER : Encrypt atau Decrypt file / folderCleanMgr : Ototmatis membersihkan Temperatur file, recycle binCLEARMEM : Hapus kebocoran memoriCLIP : Salin STDIN ke Windows clipboard.CLS : Menghapus layar (Clear The Screen)CLUSTER : Windows ClusteringCMD : Start a new CMD shellCOLOR : Mengubah warna dari jendela CMDCOMP : Membandingkan isi dari dua file atau set fileCOMPACT : Compress file atau folder pada partisi NTFSCompress : Compress tunggal file pada partisi NTFSCON2PRT : Menghubungkan atau memutuskan sambungan dengan PrinterCONVERT : Konversi FAT ke drive NTFSCOPY : Menyalin satu atau lebih file ke lokasi lainCSCcmd : clien-side caching (Offline Files)CSVDE : Impor atau Ekspor Active Directory data d DATE : Display atau mengatur tanggalDefrag : Defragment hard driveDEL : Menghapus satu atau lebih fileDELPROF : Hapus profil pengguna NTDELTREE : Menghapus folder dan semua subfolderDevCon : Device Manager Command Line UtilityDIR : Menampilkan daftar file dan folderDIRUSE : Tampilkan penggunaan diskDISKCOMP : Bandingkan isi dua floppy diskDiskcopy : Salin isi dari satu disket ke yang lainDISKPART : Disk AdministrasiDNSSTAT : DNS StatistikDOSKEY : Edit baris perintah, ingat perintah, dan membuat macroDSADD : Tambah User (komputer, group ..) ke direktori aktifDSQUERY : Daftar item dalam direktori aktifDSMOD : Ubah user (computer, group ..) di direktori aktifDSRM : Hapus item dari Active Directory e ECHO : Menampilkan pesan di layerENDLOCAL : Akhir localisation perubahan lingkungan dalam file batchERASE : Menghapus satu atau lebih fileEVENTCREATE : Tambahkan pesan ke Windows event logEXIT : Keluar dari skrip arus / rutin dan menetapkan errorlevelEXPAND : uncompress fileEkstrak : uncompress file CAB f FC : Bandingkan dua fileFIND : Mencari string teks dalam sebuah fileFINDSTR : Cari string dalam fileFOR / F : pengulangan perintah terhadap satu set fileFOR / F : pengulangan perintah terhadap hasil perintah lainFOR : pengulangan perintah terhadap semua options Files, Directory, ListFORFILES : Proses Batch beberapa fileFORMAT : Format diskFREEDISK : Periksa free disk space/disk yang tersisa (dalam bytes)FSUTIL : File dan Volume utilitasFTP : File Transfer ProtocolFTYPE : Tampilkan atau memodifikasi jenis file yang digunakan dalam asosiasi ekstensi file g GLOBAL : Display keanggotaan kelompok globalGOTO : Direct a batch program untuk melompat ke baris berlabelGPUPDATE : Update pengaturan Kebijakan Grup h HELP : Online Help i ICACLS : Ubah file dan folder permissionsIF : kondisional melakukan perintahIFMEMBER : Apakah pengguna saat ini dalam sebuah NT WorkgroupIPCONFIG : Configure IP k KILL : Remove program dari memori l LABEL : Edit disk labelLOCAL : Display keanggotaan kelompok-kelompok localLOGEVENT : Menulis teks ke NT event viewerLogoff : user log offLOGTIME : log tanggal dan waktu dalam file m MAPISEND : Kirim email dari baris perintahMBSAcli : Baseline Security AnalyzerMEM : Display penggunaan memoriMD : Buat folder baruMKLINK : Buat link simbolik (linkd)MODE : Mengkonfigurasi perangkat systemMORE : Display output, satu layar pada satu waktuMOUNTVOL : mengelola volume mount pointMOVE : Pindahkan file dari satu folder ke yang lainMOVEUSER : Pindahkan pengguna dari satu domain ke domain lainnyaMSG : mengirim pesan atau messageMSIEXEC : Microsoft Windows InstallerMSINFO : Windows NT diagnosticsMSTSC : Terminal Server Connection (Remote Desktop Protocol)MUNGE : Cari dan Ganti teks dalam file (s)MV : Copy in-menggunakan file n NET : Kelola sumber daya jaringanNETDOM : Domain ManagerNetsh : Configure Network Interfaces, Windows Firewall & Remote aksesNETSVC : Command-line Service ControllerNBTSTAT : Tampilkan statistik jaringan (NetBIOS over TCP / IP)NETSTAT : Display networking statistics (TCP / IP)NOW : Tampilan saat ini Tanggal dan WaktuNSLOOKUP : Nama server lookupNTBACKUP : Backup folder ke tapeNTRIGHTS : Edit hak user account p PATH : Menampilkan atau menetapkan path pencarian untuk file executablePATHPING : jejak jalur jaringan ditambah paket latensi dan kerugianPAUSE : memenjarakan(suspend) pengolahan file batch dan menampilkan pesanperms : Tampilkan izin untuk penggunaPERFMON : Kinerja MonitorPING : Menguji koneksi jaringanPOPD : Mengembalikan nilai sebelumnya dari direktori sekarang yang disimpan oleh PUSHDPORTQRY : Tampilan status ports dan servicesPowercfg : Mengkonfigurasi pengaturan dayaPRINT : Mencetak file teksPRNCNFG : Display, mengkonfigurasi atau mengubah nama printerPRNMNGR : Tambah, menghapus, daftar printer menetapkan printer defaultPROMPT : Mengubah command promptPsExec : Proses Execute jarak jauhPsFile : menampilkan file dibuka dari jarak jauh (remote)PsGetSid : Menampilkan SID sebuah komputer atau penggunaPsInfo : Daftar informasi tentang systemPsKill : proses mematikan berdasarkan nama atau ID prosesPsList : Daftar informasi rinci tentang proses-prosesPsLoggedOn : siapa saja yang log on (lokal atau melalui resource sharing)PsLogList : catatan kejadian logPsPasswd : Ubah sandi accountPsService : Melihat dan mengatur layananPsShutdown : Shutdown atau reboot computerPsSuspend : proses SuspendPUSHD : Simpan dan kemudian mengubah direktori sekarang q QGREP : Cari file(s) untuk baris yang cocok dengan pola tertentu r RASDIAL : Mengelola koneksi RASRASPHONE : Mengelola koneksi RASRecover : perbaikan file yang rusak dari disk yang rusakREG : Registry = Read, Set, Export, Hapus kunci dan nilai-nilaiREGEDIT : Impor atau ekspor pengaturan registryRegsvr32 : Register atau unregister sebuah DLLREGINI : Ubah Registry PermissionsREM : Record comments (komentar) di sebuah file batchREN : Mengubah nama file atau fileREPLACE : Ganti atau memperbarui satu file dengan yang lainRD : Hapus folder (s)RMTSHARE : Share folder atau printerRobocopy : Copy File dan Folder secara sempurnaRUTE : Memanipulasi tabel routing jaringanRUNAS : Jalankan program di bawah account pengguna yang berbedaRUNDLL32 : Jalankan perintah DLL (add / remove print connections) s SC : Control LayananSCHTASKS : Jadwal perintah untuk dijalankan pada waktu tertentuSCLIST : Tampilkan Layanan NTSET : Display, set, atau menghapus variabel environmentSETLOCAL : Pengendalian environment visibilitas variableSETX : Set variabel environment secara permanentSFC : Pemeriksa Berkas SistemSHARE : Daftar atau mengedit file share atau share printSHIFT : Shift posisi digantikan parameter dalam sebuah file batchSHORTCUT : jendela Buat shortcut (. LNK file)SHOWGRPS : Daftar NT Workgroups seorang pengguna telah bergabungSHOWMBRS : Daftar Pengguna yang menjadi anggota dari sebuah WorkgroupSHUTDOWN : Shutdown computerSLEEP : Tunggu untuk x detikSLMGR : Software Licensing Management (Vista/2008)SOON : Jadwal perintah untuk menjalankan dalam waktu dekatSORT : Sort inputSTART : memulai sebuah program atau perintah dalam jendela terpisahSU : Switch UserSUBINACL : Edit file dan folder Permissions, Kepemilikan dan DomainSUBST : Associate jalan dengan huruf driveSysteminfo : Daftar konfigurasi system t TASKLIST : Daftar menjalankan aplikasi dan servicesTASKKILL : Hapus proses yang berjalan dari memoriTIME : Menampilkan atau mengatur waktu systemTIMEOUT : penundaan pemrosesan dari sebuah batch fileTITLE : Mengatur judul window untuk sesi cmd.exeTLIST : daftar tugas dengan path lengkapTOUCH : mengganti file timestampsTracert : Trace route ke sebuah remote hostTREE : tampilan grafis struktur folderTYPE : Menampilkan isi dari file teks u USRSTAT : Daftar domain nama pengguna dan terakhir login v VER : Tampilkan versi informasiVERIFY : Pastikan bahwa file sudah disimpanVOL : Menampilkan sebuah label disk w WHERE : Menempatkan dan menampilkan file dalam sebuah pohon direktoriWHOAMI : Output UserName saat ini dan manajemen domainWINDIFF : Bandingkan isi dua file atau set fileWINMSD : Sistem Windows diagnosticWINMSDP : Sistem Windows diagnostik IIWMIC : Perintah WMI x XCACLS : Ubah file dan folder permissionsXCOPY : Menyalin file dan folder

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