#cm fomatting

[emberfrostlovesloki]

Hey!

Just wanna say I really like your writing🫶🏻😊

I’m just curious to why you write like this:

_u/sf/d_ = up/straight forward/down (depending on your height) 

_y/e/p’s/n_ = your ex-partner’s name (the ex is an ass so add the name of someone you dislike here) 

_y/n_ = your name 

I only ask because in the time I’m reading I will forget what they stand for (except y/n)😅

But also because I find it unpleasant (idk the right word for it?) for my reading when I read _y/n_ instead of just y/n. Like y/n it’s just more simple if that make sense?

Idk if anyone feels the same, but yeah I still really like your work🫶🏻🫶🏻

Hi lovely Anon!

Thank you so much for your ask and that you like my writing 😊

I have actually answered this before and you can see that post here (linked) I also did a poll on it and everyone voted that I start formatting _y/n_ as y/n which I now do. So if you go to my page, all my fics starting with Roses and Sparkling Water are formatted the new way! I do really care about how my readers feel about formatting so I have started to change that. I haven't had time to go back to my old fics and change the old formatting to the new yet. However, I do like consistency, so maybe I'll try and start going back and doing one a week until they are all y/n instead of _y/n_. I'll update this post when that happens.

As for the _u/sf/d_ bits, I do that to be as inclusive as possible. I know that if I was standing in front of Hotch, I'd have to look up at him, but not all of my followers are my height. I want to make sure people feel like they can actually picture themselves in the reader's shoes and not just have it be an insert of me.

Thank you so much for your kind ask and for letting me know you like my work. That makes me soooo happy. I'm kicking my feet as we speak in the coffee shop. I hope you have a lovely day and week Anon - Levi ❤️

Text Break Banner by @cafekitsune

I accept and appreciate all comments and constructive criticisms of all my work. As a teacher, it is highly appreciated. I also love mail, so if you wanna tell me something about our fav little guys or have a story idea or request, feel free to ask me.

[mbaljeetsingh]

How to use console in node.js

Introduction

In this article, we'll learn how to use most methods available in the nodeJS console class more effectively.

To demonstrate, I'll use Chrome browser version 70.0.3538.77 and nodeJS version 8.11. 3.

Okay then. Let's begin.

console.log, console.info and console.debug

console.log(string, substitution)

While the famed console.log method really needs no introduction, you'll be glad to know that the console.info and console.debug methods are identical to console.log in their operation.

You can use console.debug in the Firefox browser console by default but to use it in Chrome, you'll have to set the log level to verbose like this.

The console.log method prints to standard out, whether this be the terminal or browser console. It outputs strings by default but can be used in conjuction with template strings to modify what it returns.

Here's how it works:

The arguments in the template string are passed to util.format which then processes the arguments by replacing each substitution token with the respective converted value. The supported substitution tokens are:

%s

const msg = `Using the console class`; console.log('%s', msg); // Using the console class console.log(msg); // Using the console class

%s is the default substitution pattern.

%d, %f, %i, %o

const circle = (radius = 1) => { const profile = {}; const pi = 22/7; profile.diameter = 2_pi_radius; profile.circumference = pi_radius_2; profile.area = pi_radius^2; profile.volume = 4/3_pi_radius^3; console.log('This circle has a radius of: %d cm', radius); console.log('This circle has a circumference of: %f cm', profile.diameter); console.log('This circle has an area of: %i cm^2', profile.area); console.log('The profile of this cirlce is: %o', profile); console.log('Diameter %d, Area: %f, Circumference %i', profile.diameter, profile.area, profile.circumference) } circle();

This is what happens:

%d will be substituted by a digit (integer or float). %f will be replaced by a float value. %i will be replaced by an integer. %o will be replaced by an Object.

%o is especially handy because we don't have to use JSON.stringify to expand our object because it shows all the object's properties by default.

Note that you can use as many token substitutions as you like. They'll just be replaced the same order as the arguments you pass.

%c

This substitution token applies css styles to the subsituted text.

console.log('LOG LEVEL: %c OK', 'color: green; font-weight: normal'); console.log('LOG LEVEL: %c PRIORITY', 'color: blue; font-weight: medium'); console.log('LOG LEVEL: %c WARN', 'color: red; font-weight: bold'); console.log('ERROR HERE');

Here it is in action.

Above, we note that the text we pass to console.log after the %c substitution token is affected by the styles, but the text before is left as is without styling.

console.table

The first argument passed to it is the data to be returned in the form of a table. The second is an array of selected columns to be displayed.

console.table(tabularData, [properties])

This method will print the input passed to it formatted as a table then log the input object after the table representation.

Arrays

If an array is passed to it as data, each element in the array will be a row in the table.

const books = ['The Silmarillion', 'The Hobbit', 'Unfinished Tales']; console.table(books);

With a simple array with a depth of 1, the first column in the table has the heading index. Under the index header in the first column are the array indexes and the items in the array are listed in the second column under the value header.

This is what happens for a nested array.

const authorsAndBooks = [['Tolkien', 'Lord of The Rings'],['Rutger', 'Utopia For Realists'], ['Sinek', 'Leaders Eat Last'], ['Eyal', 'Habit']]; console.table(authorsAndBooks);

Objects

For objects with a depth of 1, the object keys will be listed under the index header and the values in the object under the second column header.

const inventory = { apples: 200, mangoes: 50, avocados: 300, kiwis: 50 }; console.table(inventory);

For nested objects,

const forexConverter = { asia: { rupee: 1.39, renminbi: 14.59 , ringgit: 24.26 }, africa: { rand: 6.49, nakfa: 6.7 , kwanza:0.33 }, europe: { swissfranc: 101.60, gbp: 130, euro: 115.73 } }; console.table(forexConverter);

Some more nested objects,

const workoutLog = { Monday: { push: 'Incline Bench Press', pull: 'Deadlift'}, Wednesday: { push: 'Weighted Dips', pull: 'Barbell Rows'}}; console.table(workoutLog);

Here, we specify that we only want to see data under the column push.

console.table(workoutLog, 'push');

To sort the data under a column, just click the column header.

Pretty handy, eh?

Try passing console.table an object with some values as arrays!

console.dir

The first argument passed to this function is the object to be logged while the second is an object containing options that will define how the resulting output is fomatted or what properties in the object will be shown.

What's returned is an object formatted by node's util.inspect function.

Nested or child objects within the input object are expandable under disclosure triangles.

console.dir(object, options); // where options = { showHidden: true ... }

Let's see this in action.

const user = { details: { name: { firstName: 'Immanuel', lastName: 'Kant' }, height: `1.83m"`, weight: '90kg', age: '80', occupation: 'Philosopher', nationality: 'German', books: [ { name: 'Critique of Pure Reason', pub: '1781', }, { name: 'Critique of Judgement', pub: '1790', }, { name: 'Critique of Practical Reason', pub: '1788', }, { name: 'Perpetual Peace', pub: '1795', }, ], death: '1804' } } console.dir(user);

Here it is in the Chrome console.

console.dirxml

This function will render an interactive tree of the XML/HTML it is passed. It defaults to a Javascript object if it's not possible to render the node tree.

console.dirxml(object|nodeList);

Much like console.dir, the rendered tree can be expanded through clicking disclosure triangles within which you can see child nodes.

It's output is similar to that which we find under the Elements tab in the browser.

This is how it looks when we pass in some HTML from a Wikipedia page.

Let's pass in some HTML from a page on this website.

This is how it looks when we pass in an object.

Try calling console.dir on some HTML and see what happens!

console.assert

The first argument passed to the function is a value to test as truthy. All other arguments passed are considered messages to be printed out if the value passed is not evaluated as truthy.

The Node REPL will throw an error halting execution of subsequent code.

console.assert(value, [...messages])

Here's a basic example:

console.assert(false, 'Assertion failed'); // Assertion failed

Now, let's have some fun. We'll build a mini testing framework using console.assert

const sum = (a = 0, b = 0) => Number(a) + Number(b); function test(functionName, actualFunctionResult, expected) { const actual = actualFunctionResult; const pass = actual === expected; console.assert(pass, `Assertion failed for ${functionName}`); return `Test passed ${actual} === ${expected}`; } console.log(test('sum', sum(1,1), 2)); // Test passed 2 === 2 console.log(test('sum', sum(), 0)); // Test passed 0 === 0 console.log(test('sum', sum, 2)); // Assertion failed for sum console.log(test('sum', sum(3,3), 4)); // Assertion failed for sum

Run the above in your node REPL or browser console to see what happens.

console.error & console.warn

These two are essentially identical. They will both print whatever string is passed to them.

However, console.warn prints out a triangle warn symbol before the message passed while console.error prints out a danger symbol before the message passed.

console.error(string, substitution); console.warn(string, substitution);

Let's note that string substitution can be applied in the same way as the console.log method.

Here's a mini logging function using console.error.

const sum = (a = 0, b = 0) => Number(a) + Number(b); function otherTest(actualFunctionResult, expected) { if (actualFunctionResult !== expected) { console.error(new Error(`Test failed ${actualFunctionResult} !== ${expected}`)); } else { // pass } } otherTest(sum(1,1), 3);

console.trace(label)

This console method will prints the string Trace: followed by the label passed to the function then the stack trace to the current position of the function.

function getCapital(country) { const capitalMap = { belarus: 'minsk', australia: 'canberra', egypt: 'cairo', georgia: 'tblisi', latvia: 'riga', samoa: 'apia' }; console.trace('Start trace here'); return Object.keys(capitalMap).find(item => item === country) ? capitalMap[country] : undefined; } console.log(getCapital('belarus')); console.log(getCapital('accra'));

console.count(label)

Count will begin and increment a counter of name label .

Let's build a word counter to see how it works.

const getOccurences = (word = 'foolish') => { const phrase = `Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring, Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill’d with the foolish, Of myself forever reproaching myself, for who more foolish than I, and who more faithless?`; let count = 0; const wordsFromPhraseArray = phrase.replace(/[,.!?]/igm, '').split(' '); wordsFromPhraseArray.forEach((element, idx) => { if (element === word) { count ++; console.count(word); } }); return count; } getOccurences();

Here, we see that the word foolish was logged twice. Once for each appearance of the word in the phrase.

We could use this as a handy method to see how many times a function was called or how many times a line in our code executed.

console.countReset(label)

As the name suggests, this resets a counter having a label set by the console.count method.

const getOccurences = (word = 'foolish') => { const phrase = `Oh me! Oh life! of the questions of these recurring, Of the endless trains of the faithless, of cities fill’d with the foolish, Of myself forever reproaching myself, for who more foolish than I, and who more faithless?`; let count = 0; const wordsFromPhraseArray = phrase.replace(/[,.!?]/igm, '').split(' '); wordsFromPhraseArray.forEach((element, idx) => { if (element === word) { count ++; console.count(word); console.countReset(word); } }); return count; } getOccurences();

We can see that our getOccurences function returns 2 because there are indeed two occurences of the word foolish in the phrase but since our counter is reset at every match, it logs foolish: 1twice.

console.time(label) and console.timeEnd(label)

The console.time function starts a timer with the label supplied as an argument to the function, while the console.timeEnd function stops a timer with the label supplied as an argument to the function.

console.time('<timer-label>'); console.timeEnd('<timer-label'>);

We can use it to figure out how much time it took to run an operation by passing in the same label name to both functions.

const users = ['Vivaldi', 'Beethoven', 'Ludovico']; const loop = (array) => { array.forEach((element, idx) => { console.log(element); }) } const timer = () => { console.time('timerLabel'); loop(users); console.timeEnd('timerLabel'); } timer();

We can see the timer label displayed against time value after the timer is stopped.

It took the loop function 0.6909ms to finish looping through the array.

Conclusion

At last, we've come to the end of this tutorial. I hope you've enjoyed it.

I've left out the non standard uses of the console class like console.profile, console.profileEnd and console.timeLog , but feel free to experiment with them and let me know how it goes.

Feedback

As always, if you have any feedback on the article for me or if you'd like to chat, find me at @mabishi on the Scotch Slack or drop me a line in the comments below.

via Scotch.io http://bit.ly/2I7gRAk

[sinhlyvixmen-blog]

giảm mỡ bụng hiệu quả Những phương thức giảm mỡ bụng nhanh chóng & đơn giản.

Hiện rất nhiều người đang quan tâm tới bài phương pháp giảm mỡ bụng nhanh chóng và hiệu quả , chúng ta cùng Xem qua nét Cơ bản.

1/ Giảm mỡ bụng công dụng bằng tập luyện thể thao Lưu ý trước khi tập: Mỗi bài tập có các nhu cầu riêng về độ khó và thời hạn tiến hành khác nhau. Bạn nên tập luyện vừa sức với cường độ cân xứng với lứa tuổi và thể trạng của bản thân. Hãy chú ý tập đúng tư thế tránh thực hiện sai vừa không đạt hiệu suất cao giảm cân còn khiến các cơ đau nhức. a, Bài tập 1: Crunches Bước 1: Nằm ngửa trên thảm hoặc sàn, tay duỗi thẳng theo thân người. Bước 2: Nâng hai chân lên làm thế nào để cho vuông góc với mặt sàn đồng thời hai tay đặt ra sau gáy (Hãy đảm bảo an toàn sườn lưng bạn luôn thẳng) Bước 3: Nhấc phần bên lên, gập phần gối xuống sao cho bắp chân tuy nhiên song với sàn. Giữ 3 giây và mang đến địa điểm ban đầu. Bước 4: Thực hiện lặp lại 10 – 20 lần (tùy vào sức đề kháng của bạn) b, Bài tập 2: Lunge Twist Bước 1: Người đứng thẳng hai chân rộng bằng vai, tay cầm tạ và để chạy dọc theo thân người. (lựa chọn tạ từ 1kg – 3kg) Bước 2: Chân trái bước lên trước 1 bước, gập gối sao cho bắp chân vuông góc với sàn, chân sau hơi khụy gối và chỉ có ngón chân chạm sàn Bước 3: Xoay thân người trên sang trái và chuyển hẳn qua phải nhưng chân và lưng luôn thẳng. Bước 4: Thực hiện lặp lại 10 – 20 lần. c, Bài tập 3: Plank Bước 1: Tư thế sẵn sàng khuỷu tay và đầu gối chạm sàn, thân người song song với sàn Bước 2: Duỗi hai chân thẳng ra, dồn trọng tải vào ngón chân và cánh tay, hai bàn tay đan vào nhau. Bước 3: Giữ nguyên tư thế trong 30 giây (cho tuần đầu) và 60 giây (cho các tuần tiếp theo). Bạn cố gắng giữ nhịp thở đều đặn khi tập. Bước 4: Trở về tư thế ban đầu và nghỉ 1 phút trước lúc thực hiện động tác tiếp theo. 2/ Thay đổi chế độ nhà hàng ăn uống để giảm mỡ bụng hiệu quả - Có không ít những chuyên gia dinh dưỡng nổi tiếng trên trái đất đưa ra các thực đơn giảm cân hiệu quả. Chỉ sau 3 ngày vận dụng là đã thấy hiệu quả nhưng để giảm được lượng mỡ lớn yên cầu bạn phải kiền trì áp dụng 1 thời gian dài ngắn phụ thuộc vào cơ địa từng người. Bạn rất có thể tham khảo và chọn lựa thực đơn phù hợp: a, Thực đơn giảm mỡ bụng LowCarb - Thực đơn giảm mỡ bụng Low Carb là sự thay đổi chế độ ăn trọn vẹn khác hoàn toàn đối với những suy nghĩ trước đó của mọi người. Vì ở thực đơn này bạn chỉ cần giảm lượng tinh bột còn đạm, protein và chất béo bạn vẫn được cung ứng đủ từng ngày nên bạn hoàn toàn không trở nên mệt mỏi, suy nhược. Nguyên lý giảm mỡ bụng Low Card dựa vào nguyên tắc đèn giao thông với đèn đỏ và thực phẩm chưa được ăn, đèn vàng là thực phẩm ăn ít còn đèn xanh là thực phẩm ăn nhiều, cụ thể: Đèn đỏ: Thực phẩm giàu tinh bột, đường - Hạn chế tối đa những thực phẩm giàu tinh bột như gạo, khoai, bánh mì, bún, sắn, … và các thực phẩm chứa hàm lượng đường cao: sữa, bánh ngọt, đường, … - Hãy bỏ món ăn nhanh và đồ hộp ra khỏi chế độ ăn từng ngày của bạn, tuyệt vời nhất cấm sử dụng rượu bia khi thực hiện thực đơn này Đèn vàng: Fomat, hoa quả tươi và các loại củ - Fomat: không ăn quá 200gram trong 1 tuần - Các loại củ như: cà chua, cà rốt bạn chỉ nên ăn tối đa 300gram/ ngày, hoa quả tươi khoảng chừng 200 – 300 gram/ ngày Đèn xanh: Các loại thịt và rau xanh - Ăn dễ chịu và thoải mái các loại rau xanh: bắp cải, nấm, giá đỗ, dưa chuột, … trong bữa tiệc hàng ngày. Bổ sung các loại thịt: bò, gà, cá, hải sản, trứng 3/ Chia sẻ cách làm giảm mỡ bụng với các nguyên vật liệu tự nhiên Lưu ý: Có một số người bị dị ứng nguyên liệu cảm với cùng một số nguyên liệu thì bạn nên thử phản ứng của chúng trước khi đem vào giảm cân lâu dài. Nếu cơ thể bị kích ứng lại với nguyên liệu nào thì nên tạm dừng ngay và không nên sử dụng. a, Cách giảm mỡ bụng nhanh nhất có thể bằng muối Công dụng: Trong thành phần của muối hạt (muối ăn) có chứa cation dương và nation âm khi gặp nhiệt chiều cao sẽ kích thích đốt cháy mỡ thừa hiệu quả. Khi sử dụng muối đúng cách, sau 3 ngày ít nhất bạn sẽ giảm được 1cm vòng eo, kiên định sử dụng bạn sẽ phát hiện vòng eo nhở hơn rất nhiều. Cách thực hiện: Bạn cho muối vào chảo và rang nóng khoảng 2 – 3 phút. Chuẩn bị một chiếc khăn mềm hoặc vải mỏng manh và đổ muối rang vào Chườm và massage muối lên vùng bụng tới khi muối nguội hẳn. b, Giảm béo bụng hiệu quả bằng dầu dừa   Công dụng: Trong dầu dừa đựng nhiều axit béo giúp ích rất nhiều trong phỏng vấn trao đổi chất, đè bẹp chất béo dư thừa trong cơ thể rất tốt. Đó là lý do vì sao rất đa số chúng ta sử dụng dầu dừa để giảm mỡ bụng và thực sự thành công. Cách thực hiện: Bạn đổ một lượng dầu dừa tương đối đầy đủ ra tay Xoa đều tinh dầu dừa lên bụng và xoa theo chiều kim đồng hồ Thực hiện khoảng 10- 15 phút mỗi ngày và áp dụng liên tục làm cho hiệu quả giảm mỡ cao hơn.

Những loại kem tan mỡ bụng tốt nhất Thị trường phương pháp giảm mỡ bụng

Mùa hè là mùa của những chiếc áo crotop, những bộ cánh bikini. Tuy nhiên, một vòng eo ngấn mỡ đang khiến cho 1 số chị em tự ti không dám diện. Vậy, hãy cùng xem thêm bài viết sau đây để hoàn toàn có thể lựa chọn cho bản thân mình một lọ kem làm tan mỡ bụng chất lượng để chóng vánh chiếm hữu vòng eo con kiến vạn người mê nhé. 1, Các tiêu chuẩn để nhận định kem tan mỡ bụng tốt - Hiện nay, có không ít phương thức làm giảm mỡ ở vùng bụng như: ăn kiêng, tập thể dục, uống thuốc giảm cân, sử dụng kem tan mỡ hay phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ. Tuy nhiên, trong những đó, sử dụng kem tan mỡ đang là chiêu thức được rất nhiều chị em sử dụng hơn cả. So với những phương pháp khác, kem tan các những điểm mạnh tiêu biểu vượt trội về tính hiệu quả, giá thành, độ đáng tin cậy & sự tiện lợi. Cụ thể là + Tính hiệu quả: Có thể giảm từ 1 – 5 cm vòng bụng sau khi sử dụng kem từ 4-5 tuần. Mặt khác, nếu như ăn kiêng hay uống thuốc giảm cân sẽ làm giảm mỡ khắp cơ thể thì sử dụng kem tan mỡ bụng sẽ giúp đỡ bạn chỉ giảm mỡ ở eo như mong muốn. + Giá cả: Kem tan mỡ bụng có túi tiền tương đối rẻ, cân xứng với không ít đối tượng. Thông thường, một hũ kem làm tan mỡ bụng sẽ có được giá xuất phát điểm từ 1 – 3 triệu Việt Nam Đồng đồng, rất có khả năng sử dụng trong 3 tháng. Như vậy, 1 ngày bạn chỉ mất chục nghìn cho công việc làm đẹp. + Độ an toàn: Kem làn tan mỡ bụng chỉ ảnh hưởng bên ngoài da nên sẽ không không khiến đau đớn, không để lại sẹo như phương pháp thẩm mỹ hay tích tụ chất độc, gây hại đến sức đề kháng như phương pháp uống thuốc giảm cân. + Sự tiện lợi: Chỉ cần bôi một lớp kem lên vùng bụng mỗi ngày là bạn đã sở hữu đã sở hữu thể đánh tan những lớp mỡ đáng ghét. So với việc tập luyện hay ăn kiêng thì phương pháp này đơn giản, thuận tiện hơn rất nhiều. - Tuy nhiên, trong thực tế không hẳn sản phẩm nào thì cũng tốt và đáng lựa chọn. Hiện nay, trên thị phần đã xuất hiện một trong những kem làm tan mỡ bụng kém chất lượng. Khi không may mua phải và sử dụng, không chỉ là không giảm được mỡ bụng mà da của bạn còn bị viêm, dị ứng, ngứa ngáy, mẫn đỏ. Do vậy, khi mua chị em nên nhờ vào các tiêu chí sau để có thể chọn được một loại mặt hàng làm tan mỡ bụng chất lượng. Có nguồn gốc xuất xứ nguồn gốc xuất xứ rõ ràng, tem chống hàng giả, giấy ghi nhận an toàn, giấy phép lưu hành của Bộ Y tế. Tránh mua hàng thiếu nhãn mác, không rõ nguồn gốc xuất xứ, bào bì mờ, không ghi rõ phần tử sản xuất, hàng trôi nổi. Thương hiệu nổi tiếng, được đa số chúng ta biết đến, đã tồn tại lâu đời trên thị trường. Ưu tiên những loại kem tan mỡ chứa thành phần tự nhiên và thoải mái và các dưỡng chất bảo đảm an toàn như: tinh dầu ớt, sáp ong tự nhiên, tiêu đỏ, gừng, tinh chất hạt quinoa, dầu macadamia, (Canada), tinh chất hạt tiêu hồng (Pháp) hay caffeine,… Không dùng loại chứa thành phần hóa học độc hại, nhất là những mặt hàng quảng cáo đạt hiệu quả nhanh chóng, thần tốc. Được không ít người dân lòng tin sử dụng, đánh giá, phản hồi tốt về tính hiệu quả và an toàn. a, Kem tan mỡ Seaweed Capheisilang Slimming Mud -Theo nhiều nghiên cứu, rong biển là một trong loại thảo dược giàu chất xơ và nhiều chủng loại vitamin có công dụng giảm cân và làm tan mỡ hiệu quả. Dựa trên những công dụng quý của đó, ST. LADY – một người Mỹ đã nghiên cứu và phát hành kem làm tan mỡ Seaweed Capheisilang Slimming Mud. Không những giúp đánh tan những lớp mỡ thừa ở bụng, sản phẩm còn tồn tại thể sử dụng ở bắp tay, đùi, hông, giúp bạn chiếm lĩnh dáng vẻ thăng bằng và thon gọn. - Kem tan mỡ Seaweed Capheisilang Slimming Mud đã được Bộ Y tế kiểm nghiệm và cấp thủ tục phép lưu hành trong toàn quốc. Do vậy, thành phầm có đặc thù an toàn cao, khi sử dụng sẽ không gây ra bất kể hiệu quả phụ nào. Thành phần: Rong biển, methol, Nipasol, skincre 91, capheisilan C. Công dụng Giảm mỡ hiệu quả cho vùng eo, hông, tay, đùi, giúp bạn nhanh chóng sở hữu ngoại hình thon gọn. Sản phẩm được sản xuất từ nhiều loại thảo mộc thiên nhiên và vitamin mang về độ đàn hồi cho da, giúp da săn chắc và sáng mịn. Cách sử dụng Bạn cho một lạng kem Seaweed Capheisilang Slimming Mud vừa phải ra lòng bàn tay, sau đó thoa đều tay lên vùng bụng. Massage từ 3-5 phút để giúp kem thẩm thấu hiệu quả vào bên trong. Có thể sử dụng mẫu sản phẩm từ 1 – 2 lần/ ngày. Bạn nên thoa kem Seaweed Capheisilang Slimming Mud vào buổi sáng trước lúc ăn sáng. Bởi vì hiện nay bụng đói, các cơ quan trong khung người sẽ sử dụng mỡ để tạo năng lượng giúp tiêu bớt mỡ. Và để ý là nên tắm bằng nước ấm trước lúc sử dụng vì các này các lỗ chân sẽ nở to và các hoạt chất trong kem có thể thấm qua da nhiều hơn thế nữa và dễ dàng và đơn giản hơn. Để có thể thôi thúc quy trình giảm mỡ bụng nhanh chóng, bạn nên sử dụng kem Seaweed Capheisilang Slimming Mud kết hợp với một cơ chế nhà hàng ăn uống hợp lý và chạy bộ thường xuyên. Như thế sẽ làm cơ thể bạn săn chắc chắn hơn và nhanh gọn lẹ đạt được vòng eo như mong muốn. b, Kem tan mỡ bụng Algisium Silimming - Những lớp mỡ ở vùng bụng được coi là khó vô hiệu hóa nhất vì chúng trải qua quá trình tích tụ lâu năm. Thêm vào đó, các links của chúng lại khá bền chặt và lại nằm ở vùng ít chịu ảnh hưởng tác động của những hoạt động cơ thể. Hiểu được điều này, kem Algisium Silimming được tạo thành và chứa các hoạt chất mang nhiệt, khi tiếp xúc với những vùng chứa mỡ, chúng sẽ phá tan những cấu tạo bền chặt và đốt cháy những lớp mỡ thừa ra bên ngoài. - Kem Algisium Silimming được bào chế dạng kem lỏng, nên những hoạt chất có thể thẩm thấu vào bên phía trong vừa nhanh gọn vừa hiệu quả. Bên cạnh đó, thành phần của mặt hàng phẩm được chiết xuất từ các loại thảo mộc thiên nhiên nên hoàn toàn lành tính cho da, không gây hại cho tất cả những người sử dụng Thành phần: Alantoin, Arlanon E, Algisium, Vaseline, Hrose, Lanoline Alcohol… Công dụng Các thành lớp bên trong kem Algisium Silimming sẽ thẩm thấu qua lớp biểu bì, theo những mao mạch ở tầng trung bì để đến các lớp mỡ và gây nên một chuỗi các phản ứng kích thích, phân cắt chất béo, phân nhỏ khối mỡ tích tụ và đốt cháy lớp mỡ thành tích điện phục vụ cơ thể. Nhờ đó, sau đó 1 thời hạn sử dụng các bạn sẽ thu được vòng eo thon gọn, săn chắc. Không chỉ giúp làm tan mỡ, kem Algisium Silimming còn chứa những thành phần giúp làm trắng, nhờ đó rất phù hợp với những chị em sau thời điểm sinh, vừa muốn giảm mỡ và làm trắng vùng bụng. Cách dùng Sản phẩm dạng kem nên bạn sẽ bôi liên đới lên da. Sau khi tắm bằng nước ấm, bạn lấy một lượng kem không thiếu thốn thoa đều lên vùng da cần giảm mỡ. Mát-xa nhẹ nhàng trong khoảng 5 phút cho kem thấu thấu hoàn toàn vào da. Sử dụng từ 1 – 2 lần/ngày. c, Kem Ever Slim - Tuy chỉ mới du nhập vào thị phần Nước Nhà nhưng kem tan mỡ Ever Slim đã và đang được không ít nữ giới tin dùng. Sản phẩm giúp bạn giảm mỡ thừa mau lẹ 1 cách an toàn và nhanh chóng nhờ những ưu các bước trội sau: - Ức chế quy trình tiến độ tổng hợp và ngày càng tăng form size của những tế bào mỡ mới, đẩy gia tốc nhanh việc đốt cháy lớp mỡ thừa bên trong cơ thể, cho dáng vóc luôn sắn chắc, gọn gàng và thon thả. Không chỉ có chức năng đốt cháy mỡ ở vùng bụng, Kem Ever Slim còn giúp làm giảm mỡ các vùng khác ví như mông, đùi, cánh tay… Bạn có thể giảm từ 3-5 cm chỉ với sau 2- 4 tuần sử dụng. Giúp phân bổ và giải phóng các tế bào mỡ thừa tích tụ âu năm|nhiều năng lực năng lượng. Cung cấp collagen và vitamin giúp tái tạo da, dưỡng ẩm, làm mờ các vết rạn và làm da trở nên trắng hồng mịn màng. Ngoài ra, kem Ever Slim còn có mùi thơm dễ chịu, không gây kích ứng, làm bào mòn da, và gây hại đến sức khỏe. Thành phần: Tinh chất tảo Scopar-iane G, tinh chất hạt tiêu hồng của Pháp, Collagen, Vitamin và một số ít dưỡng chất khác rất an toàn, gần gũi với sức mạnh và làn da.  

Chi tiết quý khách về giảm mỡ bụng hiệu quả Những phương thức giảm mỡ bụng nhanh chóng & đơn giản.: tại trang web này

[liz27moore]

Citing Podcasts and Websites

Over winter break I saw a capital Beyoncé meme that said, “If you liked it, you should have put a citation on it,” which made me laugh and reminded me of this listener question:

Hi, Grammar Girl. My name is Laura and I am a teacher of 9th-grade English and a big fan of your podcast. I've used your podcast in my classroom and the Quick and Dirty Tips definitely come in handy. My question is how do I cite your podcast and podcasts in general? Do you know of a website that keeps really up to date on how to cite things, especially citing things from the Web?

Thanks, Laura. All three of the major academic style players, the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and The Chicago Manual of Style, have issued guidelines on how to cite electronic sources. 

The Purdue Online Writing Lab, affectionately known as OWL, has a huge 12-page chart that compares all the different citation types for all three styles. It looks like it was last update in 2014, so I checked all the current styles for citing websites and podcasts and made a small chart with examples:

APA (6th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, M. (Host). (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, M. (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites. Retrieved from  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

CMS (16th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, podcast audio.  January 19, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites.

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips. January 19, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Note 1: The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed, 14.7) says access dates are not required in Chicago style unless a publication date is unavailable, but it notes that teachers often require students to include an access date in citations. If the access date is included, it comes immediately after the publication date.

Note 2: I was confused about this for a while, so I’ll mention it here to save you time. Chicago puts the last name first in bibliographic entries, but the last name second in numbered notes. Further, items in notes are separated by commas, whereas items in bibliophilic entries are separated by periods. Many of the Chicago examples in sections related to podcasts and websites are formatted as notes and not bibliographic entries.

MLA (8th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, ep. 552, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips, Macmillan Holdings, LLC, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Why Citations Are Important

First, people have asked me why it's important to include citations in the first place.

Aside from the fact that many teachers or editors require you to include citations in your work, including citations is necessary to acknowledge the people whose work you've incorporated into your document. Not including citations is a quick route to plagiarism: more commonly known as taking credit for someone else's words or ideas. Including citations is mandatory when you've drawn on someone else's original work or quoted someone verbatim.

Even when citations aren't necessary to avoid plagiarism, including citations helps people who want to learn more about your topic. Citations are a great starting point for further research. And including citations adds credibility to your writing. Frankly, I include citations at the end of most of my transcripts to head off people who disagree with my recommendations relating to points of style or topics where there are common misconceptions. I'm completely open to disagreement and discussion, but I don't just make this stuff up; I research every topic I cover. I'm almost always sorry when I don't include references on the website, and more than once, especially in the early years, I've gone back, reconstructed my work, and added them later.

Risks of Citing Electronic Sources

OK, so now that I've convinced you to include citations, it's time to think about the special risks of citing an electronic source like a website, podcast, or blog.

First, you have to determine whether it's a credible source, and second, you have to worry about whether it will still exist tomorrow.

Credibility

Determining whether a source is credible is subjective, but here are a few things to look for and consider:

Can you tell who wrote the site? And if so, does the author seem to have any expertise in the area you are researching? The Stanford Cancer Center is likely to be a more credible source than Aunt Mary's Kancer Page.

What are the credentials (or at least the stated credentials) of the author? I might take Aunt Mary more seriously if she is a board certified oncologist practicing at a well-known hospital or university.

Can you tell when the page you are looking at was written? All else being equal, something written recently is generally more credible than something that hasn't been updated in years.

Does the page cite other credible sources you can check? (There's that point about citations adding credibility again!)

Does it sound too good to be true? If it does, it probably is.

Is the site selling something based on the information it’s providing? If so, be wary.

Do other credible sites link to the site? Many online tools let you see what sites link to other sites and pages. One free tool is the site explorer at moz.com.

Are there a lot of typos? If there are a lot of language mistakes, it can mean that there are a lot of factual mistakes, too.

Finally, use common sense and evaluate the arguments yourself. It's up to you to determine whether a site's conclusions are actually supported by its statements.

Permanence

You have control when you’re evaluating a site’s credibility, but you have less control over the fact that pages might disappear or change their Web address. If it's an important source, you should consider printing out the page or saving it on your own computer as HTML, a screenshot, or an audio or video file. If you find that a Web page is gone and you haven't had a chance to save it, you can search for a copy at the Internet Archive (also known as the Wayback Machine), at http://archive.org.

Despite the risks, an abundance of credible information resides on the Web, and you shouldn't dismiss a source simply because it is in an electronic format. The style guides let you cite live events you attended, which other people are much less likely to be able to revisit than a website or podcast. So cite away! Beyoncé would want you to do it.

Sources

“Citations of website content.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.245. 

“Online magazine articles.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.200.

“Published or broadcast interviews.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.221.

“Works Cited: A Quick Guide.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

Gibson, Angela. “URLs: Some Practical Advice.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/2016/11/02/urls-some-practical-advice/ (accessed January 16, 2016).

Lee, Chelsea. “How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in AP A Style.” APA Style. November 18, 2010. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html (accessed January 16, 2016).

(Note: We use a house style for fomatting sources.)

This article was originally published April 11, 2008 and updated January 18, 2017.

from Grammar Girl RSS http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

[buddy31salvo]

Citing Podcasts and Websites

Over winter break I saw a capital Beyoncé meme that said, “If you liked it, you should have put a citation on it,” which made me laugh and reminded me of this listener question:

Hi, Grammar Girl. My name is Laura and I am a teacher of 9th-grade English and a big fan of your podcast. I've used your podcast in my classroom and the Quick and Dirty Tips definitely come in handy. My question is how do I cite your podcast and podcasts in general? Do you know of a website that keeps really up to date on how to cite things, especially citing things from the Web?

Thanks, Laura. All three of the major academic style players, the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and The Chicago Manual of Style, have issued guidelines on how to cite electronic sources. 

The Purdue Online Writing Lab, affectionately known as OWL, has a huge 12-page chart that compares all the different citation types for all three styles. It looks like it was last update in 2014, so I checked all the current styles for citing websites and podcasts and made a small chart with examples:

APA (6th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, M. (Host). (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, M. (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites. Retrieved from  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

CMS (16th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, podcast audio.  January 19, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites.

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips. January 19, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Note 1: The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed, 14.7) says access dates are not required in Chicago style unless a publication date is unavailable, but it notes that teachers often require students to include an access date in citations. If the access date is included, it comes immediately after the publication date.

Note 2: I was confused about this for a while, so I’ll mention it here to save you time. Chicago puts the last name first in bibliographic entries, but the last name second in numbered notes. Further, items in notes are separated by commas, whereas items in bibliophilic entries are separated by periods. Many of the Chicago examples in sections related to podcasts and websites are formatted as notes and not bibliographic entries.

MLA (8th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, ep. 552, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips, Macmillan Holdings, LLC, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Why Citations Are Important

First, people have asked me why it's important to include citations in the first place.

Aside from the fact that many teachers or editors require you to include citations in your work, including citations is necessary to acknowledge the people whose work you've incorporated into your document. Not including citations is a quick route to plagiarism: more commonly known as taking credit for someone else's words or ideas. Including citations is mandatory when you've drawn on someone else's original work or quoted someone verbatim.

Even when citations aren't necessary to avoid plagiarism, including citations helps people who want to learn more about your topic. Citations are a great starting point for further research. And including citations adds credibility to your writing. Frankly, I include citations at the end of most of my transcripts to head off people who disagree with my recommendations relating to points of style or topics where there are common misconceptions. I'm completely open to disagreement and discussion, but I don't just make this stuff up; I research every topic I cover. I'm almost always sorry when I don't include references on the website, and more than once, especially in the early years, I've gone back, reconstructed my work, and added them later.

Risks of Citing Electronic Sources

OK, so now that I've convinced you to include citations, it's time to think about the special risks of citing an electronic source like a website, podcast, or blog.

First, you have to determine whether it's a credible source, and second, you have to worry about whether it will still exist tomorrow.

Credibility

Determining whether a source is credible is subjective, but here are a few things to look for and consider:

Can you tell who wrote the site? And if so, does the author seem to have any expertise in the area you are researching? The Stanford Cancer Center is likely to be a more credible source than Aunt Mary's Kancer Page.

What are the credentials (or at least the stated credentials) of the author? I might take Aunt Mary more seriously if she is a board certified oncologist practicing at a well-known hospital or university.

Can you tell when the page you are looking at was written? All else being equal, something written recently is generally more credible than something that hasn't been updated in years.

Does the page cite other credible sources you can check? (There's that point about citations adding credibility again!)

Does it sound too good to be true? If it does, it probably is.

Is the site selling something based on the information it’s providing? If so, be wary.

Do other credible sites link to the site? Many online tools let you see what sites link to other sites and pages. One free tool is the site explorer at moz.com.

Are there a lot of typos? If there are a lot of language mistakes, it can mean that there are a lot of factual mistakes, too.

Finally, use common sense and evaluate the arguments yourself. It's up to you to determine whether a site's conclusions are actually supported by its statements.

Permanence

You have control when you’re evaluating a site’s credibility, but you have less control over the fact that pages might disappear or change their Web address. If it's an important source, you should consider printing out the page or saving it on your own computer as HTML, a screenshot, or an audio or video file. If you find that a Web page is gone and you haven't had a chance to save it, you can search for a copy at the Internet Archive (also known as the Wayback Machine), at http://archive.org.

Despite the risks, an abundance of credible information resides on the Web, and you shouldn't dismiss a source simply because it is in an electronic format. The style guides let you cite live events you attended, which other people are much less likely to be able to revisit than a website or podcast. So cite away! Beyoncé would want you to do it.

Sources

“Citations of website content.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.245. 

“Online magazine articles.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.200.

“Published or broadcast interviews.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.221.

“Works Cited: A Quick Guide.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

Gibson, Angela. “URLs: Some Practical Advice.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/2016/11/02/urls-some-practical-advice/ (accessed January 16, 2016).

Lee, Chelsea. “How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in AP A Style.” APA Style. November 18, 2010. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html (accessed January 16, 2016).

(Note: We use a house style for fomatting sources.)

This article was originally published April 11, 2008 and updated January 18, 2017.

from Grammar Girl RSS http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

[anal29cheng]

Citing Podcasts and Websites

Over winter break I saw a capital Beyoncé meme that said, “If you liked it, you should have put a citation on it,” which made me laugh and reminded me of this listener question:

Hi, Grammar Girl. My name is Laura and I am a teacher of 9th-grade English and a big fan of your podcast. I've used your podcast in my classroom and the Quick and Dirty Tips definitely come in handy. My question is how do I cite your podcast and podcasts in general? Do you know of a website that keeps really up to date on how to cite things, especially citing things from the Web?

Thanks, Laura. All three of the major academic style players, the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and The Chicago Manual of Style, have issued guidelines on how to cite electronic sources. 

The Purdue Online Writing Lab, affectionately known as OWL, has a huge 12-page chart that compares all the different citation types for all three styles. It looks like it was last update in 2014, so I checked all the current styles for citing websites and podcasts and made a small chart with examples:

APA (6th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, M. (Host). (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, M. (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites. Retrieved from  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

CMS (16th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, podcast audio.  January 19, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites.

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips. January 19, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Note 1: The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed, 14.7) says access dates are not required in Chicago style unless a publication date is unavailable, but it notes that teachers often require students to include an access date in citations. If the access date is included, it comes immediately after the publication date.

Note 2: I was confused about this for a while, so I’ll mention it here to save you time. Chicago puts the last name first in bibliographic entries, but the last name second in numbered notes. Further, items in notes are separated by commas, whereas items in bibliophilic entries are separated by periods. Many of the Chicago examples in sections related to podcasts and websites are formatted as notes and not bibliographic entries.

MLA (8th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, ep. 552, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips, Macmillan Holdings, LLC, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Why Citations Are Important

First, people have asked me why it's important to include citations in the first place.

Aside from the fact that many teachers or editors require you to include citations in your work, including citations is necessary to acknowledge the people whose work you've incorporated into your document. Not including citations is a quick route to plagiarism: more commonly known as taking credit for someone else's words or ideas. Including citations is mandatory when you've drawn on someone else's original work or quoted someone verbatim.

Even when citations aren't necessary to avoid plagiarism, including citations helps people who want to learn more about your topic. Citations are a great starting point for further research. And including citations adds credibility to your writing. Frankly, I include citations at the end of most of my transcripts to head off people who disagree with my recommendations relating to points of style or topics where there are common misconceptions. I'm completely open to disagreement and discussion, but I don't just make this stuff up; I research every topic I cover. I'm almost always sorry when I don't include references on the website, and more than once, especially in the early years, I've gone back, reconstructed my work, and added them later.

Risks of Citing Electronic Sources

OK, so now that I've convinced you to include citations, it's time to think about the special risks of citing an electronic source like a website, podcast, or blog.

First, you have to determine whether it's a credible source, and second, you have to worry about whether it will still exist tomorrow.

Credibility

Determining whether a source is credible is subjective, but here are a few things to look for and consider:

Can you tell who wrote the site? And if so, does the author seem to have any expertise in the area you are researching? The Stanford Cancer Center is likely to be a more credible source than Aunt Mary's Kancer Page.

What are the credentials (or at least the stated credentials) of the author? I might take Aunt Mary more seriously if she is a board certified oncologist practicing at a well-known hospital or university.

Can you tell when the page you are looking at was written? All else being equal, something written recently is generally more credible than something that hasn't been updated in years.

Does the page cite other credible sources you can check? (There's that point about citations adding credibility again!)

Does it sound too good to be true? If it does, it probably is.

Is the site selling something based on the information it’s providing? If so, be wary.

Do other credible sites link to the site? Many online tools let you see what sites link to other sites and pages. One free tool is the site explorer at moz.com.

Are there a lot of typos? If there are a lot of language mistakes, it can mean that there are a lot of factual mistakes, too.

Finally, use common sense and evaluate the arguments yourself. It's up to you to determine whether a site's conclusions are actually supported by its statements.

Permanence

You have control when you’re evaluating a site’s credibility, but you have less control over the fact that pages might disappear or change their Web address. If it's an important source, you should consider printing out the page or saving it on your own computer as HTML, a screenshot, or an audio or video file. If you find that a Web page is gone and you haven't had a chance to save it, you can search for a copy at the Internet Archive (also known as the Wayback Machine), at http://archive.org.

Despite the risks, an abundance of credible information resides on the Web, and you shouldn't dismiss a source simply because it is in an electronic format. The style guides let you cite live events you attended, which other people are much less likely to be able to revisit than a website or podcast. So cite away! Beyoncé would want you to do it.

Sources

“Citations of website content.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.245. 

“Online magazine articles.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.200.

“Published or broadcast interviews.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.221.

“Works Cited: A Quick Guide.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

Gibson, Angela. “URLs: Some Practical Advice.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/2016/11/02/urls-some-practical-advice/ (accessed January 16, 2016).

Lee, Chelsea. “How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in AP A Style.” APA Style. November 18, 2010. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html (accessed January 16, 2016).

(Note: We use a house style for fomatting sources.)

This article was originally published April 11, 2008 and updated January 18, 2017.

from Grammar Girl RSS http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

[abby27collins]

Citing Podcasts and Websites

Over winter break I saw a capital Beyoncé meme that said, “If you liked it, you should have put a citation on it,” which made me laugh and reminded me of this listener question:

Hi, Grammar Girl. My name is Laura and I am a teacher of 9th-grade English and a big fan of your podcast. I've used your podcast in my classroom and the Quick and Dirty Tips definitely come in handy. My question is how do I cite your podcast and podcasts in general? Do you know of a website that keeps really up to date on how to cite things, especially citing things from the Web?

Thanks, Laura. All three of the major academic style players, the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and The Chicago Manual of Style, have issued guidelines on how to cite electronic sources. 

The Purdue Online Writing Lab, affectionately known as OWL, has a huge 12-page chart that compares all the different citation types for all three styles. It looks like it was last update in 2014, so I checked all the current styles for citing websites and podcasts and made a small chart with examples:

APA (6th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, M. (Host). (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, M. (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites. Retrieved from  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

CMS (16th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, podcast audio.  January 19, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites.

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips. January 19, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Note 1: The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed, 14.7) says access dates are not required in Chicago style unless a publication date is unavailable, but it notes that teachers often require students to include an access date in citations. If the access date is included, it comes immediately after the publication date.

Note 2: I was confused about this for a while, so I’ll mention it here to save you time. Chicago puts the last name first in bibliographic entries, but the last name second in numbered notes. Further, items in notes are separated by commas, whereas items in bibliophilic entries are separated by periods. Many of the Chicago examples in sections related to podcasts and websites are formatted as notes and not bibliographic entries.

MLA (8th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, ep. 552, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips, Macmillan Holdings, LLC, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Why Citations Are Important

First, people have asked me why it's important to include citations in the first place.

Aside from the fact that many teachers or editors require you to include citations in your work, including citations is necessary to acknowledge the people whose work you've incorporated into your document. Not including citations is a quick route to plagiarism: more commonly known as taking credit for someone else's words or ideas. Including citations is mandatory when you've drawn on someone else's original work or quoted someone verbatim.

Even when citations aren't necessary to avoid plagiarism, including citations helps people who want to learn more about your topic. Citations are a great starting point for further research. And including citations adds credibility to your writing. Frankly, I include citations at the end of most of my transcripts to head off people who disagree with my recommendations relating to points of style or topics where there are common misconceptions. I'm completely open to disagreement and discussion, but I don't just make this stuff up; I research every topic I cover. I'm almost always sorry when I don't include references on the website, and more than once, especially in the early years, I've gone back, reconstructed my work, and added them later.

Risks of Citing Electronic Sources

OK, so now that I've convinced you to include citations, it's time to think about the special risks of citing an electronic source like a website, podcast, or blog.

First, you have to determine whether it's a credible source, and second, you have to worry about whether it will still exist tomorrow.

Credibility

Determining whether a source is credible is subjective, but here are a few things to look for and consider:

Can you tell who wrote the site? And if so, does the author seem to have any expertise in the area you are researching? The Stanford Cancer Center is likely to be a more credible source than Aunt Mary's Kancer Page.

What are the credentials (or at least the stated credentials) of the author? I might take Aunt Mary more seriously if she is a board certified oncologist practicing at a well-known hospital or university.

Can you tell when the page you are looking at was written? All else being equal, something written recently is generally more credible than something that hasn't been updated in years.

Does the page cite other credible sources you can check? (There's that point about citations adding credibility again!)

Does it sound too good to be true? If it does, it probably is.

Is the site selling something based on the information it’s providing? If so, be wary.

Do other credible sites link to the site? Many online tools let you see what sites link to other sites and pages. One free tool is the site explorer at moz.com.

Are there a lot of typos? If there are a lot of language mistakes, it can mean that there are a lot of factual mistakes, too.

Finally, use common sense and evaluate the arguments yourself. It's up to you to determine whether a site's conclusions are actually supported by its statements.

Permanence

You have control when you’re evaluating a site’s credibility, but you have less control over the fact that pages might disappear or change their Web address. If it's an important source, you should consider printing out the page or saving it on your own computer as HTML, a screenshot, or an audio or video file. If you find that a Web page is gone and you haven't had a chance to save it, you can search for a copy at the Internet Archive (also known as the Wayback Machine), at http://archive.org.

Despite the risks, an abundance of credible information resides on the Web, and you shouldn't dismiss a source simply because it is in an electronic format. The style guides let you cite live events you attended, which other people are much less likely to be able to revisit than a website or podcast. So cite away! Beyoncé would want you to do it.

Sources

“Citations of website content.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.245. 

“Online magazine articles.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.200.

“Published or broadcast interviews.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.221.

“Works Cited: A Quick Guide.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

Gibson, Angela. “URLs: Some Practical Advice.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/2016/11/02/urls-some-practical-advice/ (accessed January 16, 2016).

Lee, Chelsea. “How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in AP A Style.” APA Style. November 18, 2010. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html (accessed January 16, 2016).

(Note: We use a house style for fomatting sources.)

This article was originally published April 11, 2008 and updated January 18, 2017.

from Grammar Girl RSS http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

[aliya31fost]

Citing Podcasts and Websites

Over winter break I saw a capital Beyoncé meme that said, “If you liked it, you should have put a citation on it,” which made me laugh and reminded me of this listener question:

Hi, Grammar Girl. My name is Laura and I am a teacher of 9th-grade English and a big fan of your podcast. I've used your podcast in my classroom and the Quick and Dirty Tips definitely come in handy. My question is how do I cite your podcast and podcasts in general? Do you know of a website that keeps really up to date on how to cite things, especially citing things from the Web?

Thanks, Laura. All three of the major academic style players, the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and The Chicago Manual of Style, have issued guidelines on how to cite electronic sources. 

The Purdue Online Writing Lab, affectionately known as OWL, has a huge 12-page chart that compares all the different citation types for all three styles. It looks like it was last update in 2014, so I checked all the current styles for citing websites and podcasts and made a small chart with examples:

APA (6th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, M. (Host). (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, M. (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites. Retrieved from  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

CMS (16th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, podcast audio.  January 19, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites.

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips. January 19, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Note 1: The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed, 14.7) says access dates are not required in Chicago style unless a publication date is unavailable, but it notes that teachers often require students to include an access date in citations. If the access date is included, it comes immediately after the publication date.

Note 2: I was confused about this for a while, so I’ll mention it here to save you time. Chicago puts the last name first in bibliographic entries, but the last name second in numbered notes. Further, items in notes are separated by commas, whereas items in bibliophilic entries are separated by periods. Many of the Chicago examples in sections related to podcasts and websites are formatted as notes and not bibliographic entries.

MLA (8th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, ep. 552, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips, Macmillan Holdings, LLC, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Why Citations Are Important

First, people have asked me why it's important to include citations in the first place.

Aside from the fact that many teachers or editors require you to include citations in your work, including citations is necessary to acknowledge the people whose work you've incorporated into your document. Not including citations is a quick route to plagiarism: more commonly known as taking credit for someone else's words or ideas. Including citations is mandatory when you've drawn on someone else's original work or quoted someone verbatim.

Even when citations aren't necessary to avoid plagiarism, including citations helps people who want to learn more about your topic. Citations are a great starting point for further research. And including citations adds credibility to your writing. Frankly, I include citations at the end of most of my transcripts to head off people who disagree with my recommendations relating to points of style or topics where there are common misconceptions. I'm completely open to disagreement and discussion, but I don't just make this stuff up; I research every topic I cover. I'm almost always sorry when I don't include references on the website, and more than once, especially in the early years, I've gone back, reconstructed my work, and added them later.

Risks of Citing Electronic Sources

OK, so now that I've convinced you to include citations, it's time to think about the special risks of citing an electronic source like a website, podcast, or blog.

First, you have to determine whether it's a credible source, and second, you have to worry about whether it will still exist tomorrow.

Credibility

Determining whether a source is credible is subjective, but here are a few things to look for and consider:

Can you tell who wrote the site? And if so, does the author seem to have any expertise in the area you are researching? The Stanford Cancer Center is likely to be a more credible source than Aunt Mary's Kancer Page.

What are the credentials (or at least the stated credentials) of the author? I might take Aunt Mary more seriously if she is a board certified oncologist practicing at a well-known hospital or university.

Can you tell when the page you are looking at was written? All else being equal, something written recently is generally more credible than something that hasn't been updated in years.

Does the page cite other credible sources you can check? (There's that point about citations adding credibility again!)

Does it sound too good to be true? If it does, it probably is.

Is the site selling something based on the information it’s providing? If so, be wary.

Do other credible sites link to the site? Many online tools let you see what sites link to other sites and pages. One free tool is the site explorer at moz.com.

Are there a lot of typos? If there are a lot of language mistakes, it can mean that there are a lot of factual mistakes, too.

Finally, use common sense and evaluate the arguments yourself. It's up to you to determine whether a site's conclusions are actually supported by its statements.

Permanence

You have control when you’re evaluating a site’s credibility, but you have less control over the fact that pages might disappear or change their Web address. If it's an important source, you should consider printing out the page or saving it on your own computer as HTML, a screenshot, or an audio or video file. If you find that a Web page is gone and you haven't had a chance to save it, you can search for a copy at the Internet Archive (also known as the Wayback Machine), at http://archive.org.

Despite the risks, an abundance of credible information resides on the Web, and you shouldn't dismiss a source simply because it is in an electronic format. The style guides let you cite live events you attended, which other people are much less likely to be able to revisit than a website or podcast. So cite away! Beyoncé would want you to do it.

Sources

“Citations of website content.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.245. 

“Online magazine articles.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.200.

“Published or broadcast interviews.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.221.

“Works Cited: A Quick Guide.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

Gibson, Angela. “URLs: Some Practical Advice.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/2016/11/02/urls-some-practical-advice/ (accessed January 16, 2016).

Lee, Chelsea. “How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in AP A Style.” APA Style. November 18, 2010. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html (accessed January 16, 2016).

(Note: We use a house style for fomatting sources.)

This article was originally published April 11, 2008 and updated January 18, 2017.

from Grammar Girl RSS http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

[jonas46kkuan]

Citing Podcasts and Websites

Over winter break I saw a capital Beyoncé meme that said, “If you liked it, you should have put a citation on it,” which made me laugh and reminded me of this listener question:

Hi, Grammar Girl. My name is Laura and I am a teacher of 9th-grade English and a big fan of your podcast. I've used your podcast in my classroom and the Quick and Dirty Tips definitely come in handy. My question is how do I cite your podcast and podcasts in general? Do you know of a website that keeps really up to date on how to cite things, especially citing things from the Web?

Thanks, Laura. All three of the major academic style players, the Modern Language Association (MLA), the American Psychological Association (APA), and The Chicago Manual of Style, have issued guidelines on how to cite electronic sources. 

The Purdue Online Writing Lab, affectionately known as OWL, has a huge 12-page chart that compares all the different citation types for all three styles. It looks like it was last update in 2014, so I checked all the current styles for citing websites and podcasts and made a small chart with examples:

APA (6th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, M. (Host). (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, M. (2017, January 19). Citing podcasts and websites. Retrieved from  http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

CMS (16th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, podcast audio.  January 19, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites.

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips. January 19, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2017. http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Note 1: The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed, 14.7) says access dates are not required in Chicago style unless a publication date is unavailable, but it notes that teachers often require students to include an access date in citations. If the access date is included, it comes immediately after the publication date.

Note 2: I was confused about this for a while, so I’ll mention it here to save you time. Chicago puts the last name first in bibliographic entries, but the last name second in numbered notes. Further, items in notes are separated by commas, whereas items in bibliophilic entries are separated by periods. Many of the Chicago examples in sections related to podcasts and websites are formatted as notes and not bibliographic entries.

MLA (8th edition)

Podcast Episode

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Grammar Girl’s Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing, ep. 552, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Web Page

Fogarty, Mignon. “Citing Podcasts and Websites.” Quick and Dirty Tips, Macmillan Holdings, LLC, January 19, 2017, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/citing-podcasts-and-websites

Why Citations Are Important

First, people have asked me why it's important to include citations in the first place.

Aside from the fact that many teachers or editors require you to include citations in your work, including citations is necessary to acknowledge the people whose work you've incorporated into your document. Not including citations is a quick route to plagiarism: more commonly known as taking credit for someone else's words or ideas. Including citations is mandatory when you've drawn on someone else's original work or quoted someone verbatim.

Even when citations aren't necessary to avoid plagiarism, including citations helps people who want to learn more about your topic. Citations are a great starting point for further research. And including citations adds credibility to your writing. Frankly, I include citations at the end of most of my transcripts to head off people who disagree with my recommendations relating to points of style or topics where there are common misconceptions. I'm completely open to disagreement and discussion, but I don't just make this stuff up; I research every topic I cover. I'm almost always sorry when I don't include references on the website, and more than once, especially in the early years, I've gone back, reconstructed my work, and added them later.

Risks of Citing Electronic Sources

OK, so now that I've convinced you to include citations, it's time to think about the special risks of citing an electronic source like a website, podcast, or blog.

First, you have to determine whether it's a credible source, and second, you have to worry about whether it will still exist tomorrow.

Credibility

Determining whether a source is credible is subjective, but here are a few things to look for and consider:

Can you tell who wrote the site? And if so, does the author seem to have any expertise in the area you are researching? The Stanford Cancer Center is likely to be a more credible source than Aunt Mary's Kancer Page.

What are the credentials (or at least the stated credentials) of the author? I might take Aunt Mary more seriously if she is a board certified oncologist practicing at a well-known hospital or university.

Can you tell when the page you are looking at was written? All else being equal, something written recently is generally more credible than something that hasn't been updated in years.

Does the page cite other credible sources you can check? (There's that point about citations adding credibility again!)

Does it sound too good to be true? If it does, it probably is.

Is the site selling something based on the information it’s providing? If so, be wary.

Do other credible sites link to the site? Many online tools let you see what sites link to other sites and pages. One free tool is the site explorer at moz.com.

Are there a lot of typos? If there are a lot of language mistakes, it can mean that there are a lot of factual mistakes, too.

Finally, use common sense and evaluate the arguments yourself. It's up to you to determine whether a site's conclusions are actually supported by its statements.

Permanence

You have control when you’re evaluating a site’s credibility, but you have less control over the fact that pages might disappear or change their Web address. If it's an important source, you should consider printing out the page or saving it on your own computer as HTML, a screenshot, or an audio or video file. If you find that a Web page is gone and you haven't had a chance to save it, you can search for a copy at the Internet Archive (also known as the Wayback Machine), at http://archive.org.

Despite the risks, an abundance of credible information resides on the Web, and you shouldn't dismiss a source simply because it is in an electronic format. The style guides let you cite live events you attended, which other people are much less likely to be able to revisit than a website or podcast. So cite away! Beyoncé would want you to do it.

Sources

“Citations of website content.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.245. 

“Online magazine articles.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.200.

“Published or broadcast interviews.” Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, 14.221.

“Works Cited: A Quick Guide.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ (accessed January 16, 2017).

Gibson, Angela. “URLs: Some Practical Advice.” MLA Style Center. https://style.mla.org/2016/11/02/urls-some-practical-advice/ (accessed January 16, 2016).

Lee, Chelsea. “How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in AP A Style.” APA Style. November 18, 2010. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/11/how-to-cite-something-you-found-on-a-website-in-apa-style.html (accessed January 16, 2016).

(Note: We use a house style for fomatting sources.)

This article was originally published April 11, 2008 and updated January 18, 2017.

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