#chloroplast-master

[katiajewelbox]

Throwback Thursday to my Masters of Research at Imperial College London! I am holding my first research report as a printed copy. 

Here is the abstract:

Katia Hougaard, Project 1 The Role of Lipoxygenases in the Chloroplast Degradation Response to Phytophthora infestans

Plants rely on the innate immunity of each cell to defend against disease-causing organisms. Although chloroplasts are best known for photosynthesis, recent research has revealed their importance in plant immunity. In plant defense responses, chloroplasts play a central role in cell signaling and gene expression. Studies show a decrease in photosynthetic activity during pathogen attack, indicating chloroplast functions may be impaired by pathogen activity. Furthermore, according to unpublished data from the Bozkurt lab, chloroplasts lose their stromal contents and degrade during pathogen attack. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of this pathway and its impact on the host or the pathogen remain unclear. Lipoxygenases, a family of enzymes involved in diverse plant processes such as germination, growth, and storage, are potentially significant to the chloroplast degradation response. In several plant species, pathogen attack and wounding lead to the induction of lipoxygenase genes, hinting at their importance in defense responses. Recent research on the 13-LOX pathway in leaf senescence, which selectively degrades chloroplasts to recycle their nutrients by disrupting the chloroplast envelope to release the stromal contents, shows similarities with the chloroplast degradation observed in Phytophthora infestans infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, new studies show the involvement of autophagy related genes in the degradation of whole chloroplasts compromised by abiotic stress, suggesting a similar process may occur in response to biotic stress.

Our study addressed the hypothesis that one or more of four selected lipoxygenases are essential to the controlled chloroplast degradation response. Using confocal microscopy, we determined that all four lipoxygenases localize to chloroplasts in vivo. By quantifying degraded chloroplasts in infected cells, we found that chloroplast degradation during pathogen attack may depend on at least two of the lipoxygenases. Through studying necrotic leaf lesion development caused by P. infestans infection, we concluded that at least two of the lipoxygenases might influence the defense response. Finally, we conducted a preliminary study focusing on the role of autophagy related genes in the pathogen mediated chloroplast degradation response.

[thephoenixhound]

and God put the brilliant sun 94.081 million miles from the tiny, gleaming marble of the earth.

and the sun's rays warmed the Earth's face as it turned gently in its elliptical orbit, spinning on its barycenter and ever so tilted on its axis,

and he said,

let the sun's light reach the Earth's face at

a speed of 299,792 kilometers per second,

in a time of 8 minutes and 20 seconds,

with a momentum that could rival

the softest of kisses

from the most loving lips.

And God said:

let the plants lick the light from the Sky,

golden droplets of honey

streaming

through their

Chloroplasts!--and God said,

let there be chloroplasts!

And there were chloroplasts!--

And the plants did lick the light from the Sky!

And having said a word as sweet as Honey,

And needing, now, to fetch for it a meaning,

God said:

Let there bee bees.

And there were bees.

And it was good.

And, being that the bees were so deserving,

God said:

let there be peace.

and there was Peace.

and it was good.

And God created Adam.

And God created Eve, too, (but probably not in that

0rder).

(and probably nix the 2--

why make someone feel so

secondary,

with a word like "too"

(and God made the quotation mark to confine the 'too'),

And Eve and Adam and Ze lived in the garden.

And Eve bit the apple,

Or maybe it was Adam?

Ze did, too.

Who bit the Apple first?

Does it matter?

All I really know is that, at the end of the day, Adam and Eve bit the apple, and Ze did, "too."

All I know is that they all bit the apple.

And God said,

What have you done?

And God said,

Did you know that it's seeds are made of arsenic?

I have been working on something called Chemistry.

It is a tool for you unlike any implement at work in the Garden, where you dwell now.

It is my attempt to give you the

power of creation

the like, almost, of which I am in possession.

it's too unstable

(for right now).

It's too complicated.

There is a Glitch in my chemistry and it was not for you to taste yet.

I have created for you, in another place,

An Earth. It is graced with the light of a Sun. You would delight in the Sun I have devised for you.

It was my hope that, at length, with time, the Earth would be turned to your care, and that, wielding the secrets of Chemistry,

after you have studied its Arts,

after you have mastered them,

You would learn to create, to inspire, to love and to grow,

to dance and to laugh, and to draw and to paint,

and to write! And to sing! And to sing!

And to sing to one another, the soft3st songs, the sweetest, most lyrical, flowing songs--

it was my hope that

i could give you the earth,

and you could manipulate the earth as I

Compose the symphony of my Universe,

And then

then maybe I wouldn't feel so alone?

if something else knew how to Make?

To make even a shadow of what I make?

Why is there nothing else that knows how to Make?

But when I tried to teach the apple chemistry it

it,

It,

it just made arsenic.

Eve, Adam, Ze, all of you, you...

You ate arsenic.

You just ate arsenic.

I have been working on a cure for arsenic--

Arsenic Poisoning, it's poison:

there is now a thing called

poison

because the apple it

it made arsenic--

And, well, I can cure you.

I can cure you.

But I can't cure you in the Garden.

I have to break reality to do it.

And God said:

You have to trust me.

You just have to trust me.

And God said,

Look, this is going to sound crazy. I'm so sorry. This is going to sound crazy.

God said, I'm going to

Have to put you to sleep

And shoot electricity through you

To put you on the 3arth.

(but not in that order.)

And God whispered,

Like His heart was just breaking in half,

You're going to forget

Everything

(every little thing)

About your life with me.

Everything.

You're going to forget my name and you're going to forget my

face.

I can't shoot electricity through you without taking the memories away.

But then,

god said,

in the gentlest voice,

like the softest whisper,

with a momentum that would desperately

underpace even

the lightest summer breeze,

i promise you will never forget my voice.

and god said it again,

just to be sure all of them were sure:

you will never ever forget my voice.

And then God said,

And I will NEVER stop telling you that I love you.

(And God invented All Caps,

just to say "NEVER,")

And the kids didn't get a chance to say,

we love you, too, oh, god, we love you so much.

because he sent us to earth before we ever got the chance.

and when They made it to earth, the chemistry just

Ssstarted to sssssspread like it was

cancer.

wh-whhh-hooo just (ss.s..))aid

And let there be

Cancer..s..ss...ssssszzz)?

???

.....................................?????????ssZz????sszzxx???

There was this guy named Cain,

God, or maybe it was Abel--

He lifted this stone and he just--

And God said:

Let the magnetic field of the earth be flipped upside down.

And the humans set about learning to cure cancer.

And God did everything he could to teach them how they might do that.

There were rules. There were causes for thous and shalts.

But, really, of course, what he mostly said,

over and over

and over again,

was

"I love you."

"I love you."

"please try to remember how much I love you."

"it will be ok down there if you just remember that I love you."

[botanyone]

Engineered increase in mesophyll conductance improves photosynthetic efficiency in field trial

Engineered increase in mesophyll conductance improves photosynthetic efficiency in field trial https://ift.tt/lVyW2Mu You can listen to this page as an audio file (English only) It is possible to engineer increased mesophyll conductance in plants according to research from the Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) project. Mesophyll conductance refers to the ease with which CO2 can move through a leaf’s cells before being turned into sugar (plant food). CO2 faces barriers as it moves through the leaf, including its own cell walls. Researchers recently found that by increasing porosity and reducing cell wall thickness, they could increase CO2 diffusion and uptake in a model crop. “This is one of the few successful tests of concept showing we can engineer an increase in mesophyll conductance and have it result in increased photosynthesis in the field,” said Coralie Salesse-Smith, a postdoctoral researcher and lead author on a paper about the research, recently published in Plant Biotechnology Journal. Mesophyll conductance is a key component in photosynthesis, the process all plants use to convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into energy and yields. In order for CO2 to reach the chloroplast (where it is turned into sugar), it travels through barriers like the cell wall.  Thinner cell walls are associated with higher mesophyll conductance suggesting that decreasing wall thickness could change how easily CO2 moves into cells, potentially boosting photosynthesis. A gene shown to alter cell wall components, CGR3, was inserted into a model crop and planted in a field trial. The plants overexpressing CGR3 showed a 7-13% decrease in cell wall thickness and a 75% increase in the ability of CO2 to move through the cell wall compared to the plants without the gene (wildtype). Together, these changes increased mesophyll conductance, resulting in an 8% increase in photosynthesis. Photosynthetic rates were significantly increased in plants with altered cell walls relative to the unaltered plants (wildtype controls). “This modification worked in a model crop, but it is important to test what happens in soybean to see if the same improvements will be achieved and if that leads to improvements in yield,” said Salesse-Smith. Read the article: Salesse‐Smith, C. E., Lochocki, E. B., Doran, L., Haas, B. E., Stutz, S. S., & Long, S. P. (2024). Greater mesophyll conductance and leaf photosynthesis in the field through modified cell wall porosity and thickness via atcgr3 expression in tobacco. Plant Biotechnology Journal. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14364 Allie Arp is the communications manager for the Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) project at the University of Illinois. For RIPE, Allie develops and implements a communications strategy to promote the work of RIPE researchers through web, print, social, and earned media. Allie earned her bachelor’s degree in public relations/professional writing from the University of Northern Iowa and later went on to receive her master’s degree in mass communications & journalism/agricultural education from Iowa State University. She has more than a decade of research communications experience. The post Engineered increase in mesophyll conductance improves photosynthetic efficiency in field trial appeared first on Botany One. via Botany One https://botany.one/ May 07, 2024 at 01:44PM

[quizhelponline]

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[realcleverscience]

RE:OBGYN

@chloroblast-master

@realcleverscience have you never seen a childbirth? That shits stressful for everyone in a 10 mile vicinity and it can go on for literal days           

@lolashketchum

@realcleverscience rape victims, teen pregnancies, abortions, difficult pregnancies, & clients miscarrying are all things that can cause burnout in an ObGyn. Miscarriages especially are fairly common & can be devastating for couples.

@boredscinerd

Working Hours, decreasing pay, many midwifes are substituting OB?GYN's, so the call schedule is horrible. Malpractice Insurance is one of the highest and OB?GYN get sued for many things

Damn, all good points and I’m a bit ashamed that many of these didn’t immediately occur to me. Thanks!

[cyndalyssa]

Oh, Look, Another Darkwing Drabble

This one’s a snippet of a bigger story in my head, based on the idea of Bushroot going massive mindless monstrosity. 

I dunno if I’ll ever write the rest of the story down, my life tends to get a little busy and I already have a lot of ideas I want to make in my free time, but I at least wanted to exercise the writing muscles. 

All was quiet at the Museum of Failed Experiments. The dark of night gave the appearance of rest to each polished display, even those that were still lit. Though dignified it looked, the place was home to quite a bit of failure, hence the name. Each wing, covering branches of science and engineering, was a hall of shame, showing off embarrassments, tragedies, and unfinished projects to the citizens of St. Canard.

It was at this scene that the night guards present had unfortunate encounters. A flower that sprayed sleeping gas, a stun gun, a joy buzzer that ended in instant knockout, being washed into a closet by water from the drinking fountain, and just getting hit by a mallet were their fates, and they were swiftly locked up by the intruders.  

The Fearsome Five then had the place to themselves. 

As they met up in the lobby, Megavolt couldn’t help but look up, in awe of the enormity of it. “Wowza, they really went all out on this place!” He glanced back at the corridor from whence he came and smiled. “They’ve got gizmos and gadgets aplenty!”

Quackerjack bounced to his side. “And whozits and whatzits galore!”

“They got thingamabobs?”

“Psht, at least twenty!”

Megavolt laughed. “I can’t believe they gave up on some of these! I oughta grab ‘em and show everyone how it’s done!” 

Quackerjack grinned. “Oh, I feel you, Sparky! In fact, I’m getting quite a bit of inspiration myself from doodads like the fruit-flavored fireworks! Ooh-hoo-hoo-hoo, can you just imagine a literal explosion of fruity goodness?”

Megavolt narrowed his eyes, his plug hat sparking and an irritated growl in his voice. ��How many times have I told you not to call me Sparky?”

“Not like you can remember.”

Cutting between them, the Liquidator piped in, “Fruit-flavored fireworks? The phenomenon of the century, guaranteed to sweeten up your 4th of July celebrations! Comes in apple, cherry, grape, and blue raspberry.”

Bushroot scratched his head. “I’m just wondering how the inventor expected that to work. What kind of chemistry was involved?”

Negaduck rolled his eyes. “Blegh, of course you dweebs get hopped up on exploding fruit snacks. Now remember, children, we’re not here for the fireworks, we’re here for the portal gun that’s supposed to be displayed here… and I expect you to be looking for it!” 

The other four silently stared at him for a moment, glanced at each other, and then back to him. Then, Megavolt asked, “Well, what does it look like?”

“It’s red and vaguely gun-shaped, with a spinny thing at the end,” Negaduck answered in baby-talk. Then he snapped, “I’m sure you could figure it out from the display name! Now, get to searching!”

Negaduck stormed upstairs. Quackerjack and Megavolt rushed to the technology wing--partially running from Negaduck, partially rushing to see what kind of doodads they could see. Perhaps even take some and modify them for later mischief. 

Liquidator was about to flow down another hall when he noticed Bushroot at the directory. The plant duck glanced the direction of the hall that Quackerjack and Megavolt rushed down, and then up the stairs that Negaduck had descended. Then, almost sneakily, he went in the opposite direction and toward the natural science and chemistry wing. 

Curious, Liquidator decided to follow him, and had caught up in a second. “One in ten customers would say that this portal gun is not in this wing, Bushroot.”

Bushroot flinched at the sudden voice, but quickly regained his composure. “Well, uh… when studying the map earlier, I recall that the storage room was somewhere in this direction. It could be in there.”

Liquidator raised a watery eyebrow. “You want an excuse to look around, huh?”

Bushroot glanced away. “Well… it couldn’t hurt. I mean, I’m curious and I don’t know when I’ll be able to have another opportunity for a museum visit.” He looked back to see Liquidator still staring like a disappointed parent. “But I do think storage is in this wing, honest!”

“Hm. Well, if it’s in this direction, why not treat yourself to this once-in-a-lifetime super private tour? Just don’t get too distracted, and it’ll be between you and me.”

“O-oh, that’s no problem. I’m a pretty fast reader.”

The two mutants wandered around the natural science and chemistry wing, looking for a door or hall or basement staircase that led to that storage room. However, Liquidator was doing most of the looking, sweeping around the rooms quickly, while Bushroot, though still looking at the walls in hopes of spotting the passage they were looking for, was circling displays in fascination. There were models and pictures of odd creatures or monstrosities, as well as deformed skeletons of unfortunate souls. He read about attempts to clone prehistoric plants and even animals, a tale of a man who accidentally fused himself with a fly, and the horror of radioactive moss. On occasion, he’d stumble on a display involving water, and invite Likki to take a look. 

Every so often, Liquidator would look to see what Bushroot was doing. There were moments that Bushroot seemed to be genuinely looking for that storage room--such as now, when walking along the wall of glass cases full of more experiments, he paused at a gap in the wall, looking at a door, but saw that it was an emergency exit and then moved on. Otherwise, the plant duck was more invested in the science that surrounded him, which Likki had a little trouble relating to. While some of the stuff involving water was interesting, he otherwise didn’t care for the biological stuff that Bushroot was so entranced by. 

Meanwhile, so far, the only doors they had found were emergency exits, but nothing leading to any storage or basement at some point. Liquidator was almost of the mind that Bushroot duped him, but Bushy wasn’t like that.

At some point, when Liquidator finally found a hallway that looked promising, Bushroot suddenly cried, “Oh, you’ve got to be kidding me!”

Alarmed, Likki splashed his way to where Bushroot stood, at a display in the corner about biological chemical disasters. The plant duck was looking quite offended, glaring at one particular shelf where a green substance, surrounded by plant models and photos of a strange machine, sat. Likki took a closer look at the label, which read:

Chloroplast Infusion Solution, Dr. Reginald Bushroot, Ph.D

Skimming over the description of the substance, what it was supposed to do, and how it backfired, Likki just glanced over to Bushroot, who held his head in his leafy hands. 

“How humiliating! I can’t believe I made it into the Hall of Shame!”

Likki patted him on the back. “Aw, Bushy, do not fret! After all, you’ve gotten an upgrade! Who needs a normal sad sap scientist when you can have a super plant that can grow a forest with just a thought?” 

A sharp glare arose from Bushroot’s palms. “I just wanted to alleviate world hunger… and, uh, maybe get a little respect…”

“Respect, huh?” Likki shook his head. “I’m sure with your power, you can easily command it.”

“There is a difference between respect and fear.”

“Hm. Well, as Bud Flud, I was just a salesman trying to keep my business afloat; but as the Liquidator, I became master of all liquids, one with the water, and a force to be reckoned with!” A sphere of water detached from Likki’s hand and revolved around it. “I know my power, and I revel in it.” 

He grabbed the sphere, reabsorbing it. “As for you… well, you’ve got potential, but you lack nerve. Someday, I’d like to see you cut loose, show them what Bushroot is really capable of.”

Bushroot glanced at him, pondering on whether he should remind Liquidator of Negaduck and their shared fear of him, but decided against it. He crossed his arms. “Fine, whatever you say.”

He went back to glaring at the display of his fateful project. “If those two ignoramuses had just minded their own business and not made me look bad in front of the dean, then I would’ve still had the funding to test on the lab rats instead of myself. You know, catch the kinks and find a way to iron them out. But… here I am now.”

“I’d say that career change was for the better.”

“But I liked being a scientist… sure, I hated my coworkers--except one--but I love science.”

Likki shrugged. “Life sucks and we just gotta roll with the punches.” He turned around and marched toward that one hallway. “Now, come on, there’s a storage room calling our names, and who knows when the purple menace will pop in.”

Bushroot sighed, taking one last look at his experiment’s exhibit. “All right, I’ll stop wasting ti--”

He stopped when he caught a name on the display right next to his. Eyes boggling, he grabbed the bottle from that shelf and shouted, “Goodness grapevines! He has one here too?”

Likki stopped and turned around. “Inquiring minds must know… who’s he?” 

Bushroot gestured to the name on the display, which, when Likki took a closer look, read ‘Dr. Arthur Bones’. “He was my rival back in college, and he was one of the meanest, most condescending jerks that I’ve ever had the displeasure of knowing. I don’t know what I ever did to him, but sometimes it felt like it was his life’s mission just to convince me that everything I do is stupid and dangerous. Hmph, at least my buddy Andrew had my back.”

Liquidator rubbed his chin. “You just have a way of attracting bullies, don’t you? At the very least, you can take some joy that Dr. Bones is also in the Hall of Shame!”

“Yeah, I guess I could.” Bushroot looked at the label on the bottle, brow furrowed in confusion. “Although I do wonder what he was doing making fertilizer. Last I remember, he was into genetics--especially studies on mutations and defects.”

“For more information, check the description--it’s right there.”

Bushroot turned to the description and read aloud, “‘In 1990, a miracle growth formula invented by Dr. Bones took several western states by storm. With a natural sweet scent and potent power, it improved the lives of gardeners everywhere by making plants healthier, stronger, and sturdier against disease and pests, and helping them to grow faster than normal’.” He scratched his chin and nodded. “Well, now I’m tempted to bring it home with me and see what my plants think.”

Liquidator chuckled. “Oh, I bet they’d love it! The amazing miracle fertilizer, guaranteed to create a happy and hearty garden!”

“Ee-hee, it does sound great.” Bushroot’s smile fell into a frown as he turned back to the description. “But this is a Museum of Failed Experiments, so there is a catch here... ‘While at first it seemed to be a blessing, it soon proved to be dangerous for people, as proven with the Mallard High School Football Team during the fall of 1990. Reports of--’”

“I am the terror that flaps in the night!”

The sudden voice from nowhere made them jump. Bushroot even ended up tossing the bottle of fertilizer into the air. He didn’t even hear the second part of the introduction, too distracted by gravity smashing the bottle onto his head. The glass shattered, and fertilizer splashed everywhere on him and the floor, leaving him a dripping mess. His roots started lapping up the puddle that remained. 

“I am… Darkwing Duck!”

[srhlsx]

CHAPTER 20

master | ch. 19 | ch. 21

That morning, you were nervous. You had made a point to go to school early to fit in some solo practice since you knew group practice would be grueling this afternoon. You tried to convince yourself that you weren’t going to school early to avoid interacting with Iwaizumi on the walk to school, in the hallways, or at your locker. That’d be silly. But...

You hadn’t gotten over what you had confessed to him. You had decided for once in your life you were not going to hold back your feelings and in a moment of post coital bliss you spoke them into the universe. You were sure of the building feelings, having thought you were in love before but realizing how different it could actually be when the person was good. You just wished… that you hadn’t done it.

You were sitting in your seat for the first class of the day when Iwaizumi sat down in his chair behind you harshly, making his desk hit the back of your chair. The jolt surprised you and made you jump since you had been so immersed in your textbook and checking your homework that you hadn’t even noticed him walking in.

“Where were you?” He asked. Iwaizumi didn’t lean in to talk to you, opting instead for a normal volume of voice as he unpacked his materials.

You paused but didn’t turn around to face him when you answered. “Wanted to get some practice in,” You said to your textbook. You heard him pause behind you, obviously noticing the way you wouldn’t look at him.

“You’re avoiding me.” He stated, voice having lowered to barely a whisper.

It made you tense and pause what you were doing, your eyes only focusing on one single word printed on the book in front of you - chloroplast, chloroplast, chloroplast - “I um, really need to finish this up before class starts.” You shook your head and mumbled the response to him, definitively ending the conversation.

Iwaizumi didn’t try to push it any more. He stared at the back of your head for a few moments longer until the teacher at the front of the room demanded everyone’s attention. Bristling slightly, Iwaizumi chewed at his cheek in thought until he tasted blood. With you sitting in front of him, there was no way he was going to focus on class anyways so he let his mind wander to thoughts about what could be going on with you.

You couldn’t breathe properly. You were so focused on making sure that your focus was on the teacher and not the boy sitting behind you that you had forgotten the most basic of human needs - air. You sucked in a deep breath, hoping the air filling up your lungs would help alleviate the pain in your heart, and let it out in a heavy sigh - catching the attention of your instructor and the rest of the class.

“Something the matter, Miss (Y/n)?” Your teacher turned around partially from where they had been writing on the board, looking at you over their glasses.

“Uh, no ma’am.” You stuttered, embarrassed and looking back down at your notes. “Sorry.”

The older woman turned back to her lecture and the attention turned away from you, but your breathing wasn’t back to normal. You began to transition to your next subject, clearing your desk of previous materials and making room for what was needed now. You felt a light tap on your arm and looked down to see a hand holding a hard candy out to you. You looked at the hand skeptically, knowing it belonged to Iwaizumi.

“Here,” He mumbled, nudging the candy at you again. “I know you like the distraction when you’re stressed, so just take it.”

You snatched the candy out of his hand without a word and unwrapped it, quickly popping it into your mouth. The artificial flavor you immediately recognized as your favorite and the fiddling with the hard candy in your mouth was a welcome distraction, you actually felt yourself relax just a tiny bit. You were still uncomfortable and your chest still ached very deep down inside, but you felt like you could breathe again and that was an improvement.

“Thank you,” You mumbled around the candy, still not turning around and focusing on the new lesson instead.

- - - - -

When the bell for lunch rang, Iwaizumi was hopeful that this weird slump you were in had passed and that you’d turn around and ask him what his lunch plans were, like you always did. That didn’t happen. Instead, you bolted up in your seat, grabbing your packed lunch that had been sitting at your feet, and swiftly exited the room before he even got a chance to say anything.

He didn’t know how long he sat there, a slightly befuddled look on his face, until Oikawa came looking for him. “Iwa~” He greeted, sitting down in your chair. “Where is-”

“Something’s up,” Iwaizumi interrupted. “With (y/n), she won’t even look at me.”

Oikawa narrowed his eyes at his friend in thought, having no idea what had happened between parting ways with Iwaizumi days earlier and this moment. “I’ll go look for her,” He said, getting up and leaving his friend to sit alone.

Something told Oikawa to go to the dance studio. He’d been a few times, meeting you there after practices to try and sneak a few glances into your club life. What he found this time was a little more of a sad sight than he was actually expecting. You sat in the middle of the studio floor with your lunch in front of you, lights off, alone. You saw him reflected in the many mirrors that were on the walls so it wasn’t a surprise when he spoke up.

“I thought I’d find you here,” He came strutting into the space and took a seat next to you, picking up a piece of your lunch and popping it in his mouth.

You smiled sadly at your food, not looking up at Oikawa as you spoke. “Yeah, I just kind of… needed a different setting.”

“Something bothering you?” He pushed.

“Well, I do have to break up with my boyfriend soon.” You attempted to joke, finally looking up at his concerned face. 

“About that,” He started, trailing off and turning to mess with the food in your lunch. “What do you say we keep going?” He looked up at your confused face before continuing. “Well, it’d be a little suspicious and heartless if you dumped me right after such a devastating loss.”

“I am the ice queen though,” You mumbled with a sarcastic tone into your sandwich before taking a bite. “Wouldn’t be too off brand.”

“You know that nickname is bullshit,” He said, his tone strict when he saw the unconvinced look you shot at him. “But I was also hoping because I haven’t really decided what I’m going to do after graduation, and if we ‘break up’ now, they’re going to be all over me (y/n), more than before.”

You mulled over the proposition as you chewed on your food. You had gotten this far already, what were a few more weeks or months at this point in the whole ordeal. You looked at him, his chocolate eyes pleading you to agree, and you nodded your head. “Yeah,” You said after swallowing. “Yeah, let’s keep it going.”

He let out a sigh of relief and did his best to tackle you in a hug from where you were both sitting. It knocked you over and you let out what felt like your first genuine laugh in days. “Get off me you freak,” You laughed, shoving him off. He rolled over and laid down next to you.

“I really appreciate it, (y/n).” He said to the ceiling, resting his hands behind his head. “Especially with everything with Iwa, I’m grateful you guys are my friends.”

You completely froze. Your eyes were wide and unblinking as you too stared at the ceiling, not daring to move or even take a breath. He knew. He knew and he was okay with it? 

“It’s fine, (y/n)~” He laughed, one of his genuine laughs. “I figured it out a little while back, Iwa kind of confirmed it the other night. I’m happy for you guys, for real. Two of my favorite people.”

The tension still hung in the air but it wasn’t as bad as it had been a moment before. You felt the blush fade away from your face and an unknown weight lift from your chest and shoulders. This heavy secret you’d been carrying around was now known to the one person you’d been most worried about finding out. It wasn’t ideal, you were sure that Oikawa would’ve felt betrayed but you felt confident that he was honest when he said it was fine and he was happy - Oikawa Tooru was many things, but he was not a liar.

“I told him I was in love with him.” You whispered, breaking up the silence that had built between you for a few minutes. You scrunched up your eyes tightly in hopes that the burning tears would just go away when you thought of what had happened between you and Iwaizumi. “He didn’t… say anything.”

“Iwa has never been good with feelings,” Oikawa said quietly. He turned his head to face you, the feeling of him playing with a loose piece of your hair made you turn to look at him as well. He studied the strands intently, a soft smile on his face before his eyes turned to yours. “Do you ever think it could’ve been us, (y/n)? For real?”

Your heart broke in that moment. He didn’t look sad but was genuinely asking the question and looking for an answer.

Maybe. 

If you had stopped yourself that night after the party, things wouldn’t have gone where they did. If you hadn’t shared those lingering glances, searching for each other when you knew you shouldn’t be. If you hadn’t cried to him and had him hold you when you needed it most. Maybe things would’ve been different and instead of falling in love with his best friend, you might’ve fallen in love with the boy you were fake dating. But that’s not what happened, and you couldn’t change things now.

“I don’t know, Tooru.”

TAGS: @iihxneybunz75​ @bambisfuneral​ @svtbitch​ @gayverlinq​ @bubbleteaa​ @keekee-732​ @oikawannabeyourbabie​

[toppersexam]

GATE Life Science Question Paper, Exam Pattern, Mock Test, MCQ

GATE Life Science Question Paper, Exam Pattern, Mock Test, MCQ The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering is an examination that primarily tests the comprehensive understanding of various undergraduate subjects in engineering and science for admission into the Masters Program of institutes as well as jobs at Public Sector Companies. GATE Life Science Question Paper and MCQs Buy the question bank or online quiz of GATE Life Science Exam Going through the GATE Life Science Exam Question Bank is a must for aspirants to both understand the exam structure as well as be well prepared to attempt the exam. The first step towards both preparation as well as revision is to practice from GATE Life Science Exam with the help of Question Bank or Online quiz. We will provide you the questions with detailed answer. GATE Life Science Question Paper and MCQs : Available Now GATE Life Science Mock Test Crack GATE Life Science Recruitment exam with the help of online mock test Series or Free Mock Test. Every Sample Paper in GATE Life Science Exam has a designated weightage so do not miss out any Paper. Prepare and Practice Mock for GATE Life Science exam and check your test scores. You can get an experience by doing the Free Online Test or Sample Paper of GATE Life Science Exam. Free Mock Test will help you to analysis your performance in the Examination. GATE Life Science Mock Test : Available Now GATE Life Science Syllabus 1. Chemistry (Compulsory) : Atomic structure and periodicity: Planck’s quantum theory, wave particle duality, uncertainty principle, quantum mechanical model of hydrogen atom, electronic configuration of atoms and ions. Periodic table and periodic properties: ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity and atomic size. Structure and bonding: Ionic and covalent bonding, MO and VB approaches for diatomic molecules, VSEPR theory and shape of molecules, hybridization, resonance, dipole moment, structure parameters such as bond length, bond angle and bond energy, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. Ionic solids, ionic radii and lattice energy (Born‐Haber cycle). HSAB principle. s.p. and d Block Elements: Oxides, halides and hydrides of alkali, alkaline earth metals, B, Al, Si, N, P, and S. General characteristics of 3d elements. Coordination complexes: valence bond and crystal field theory, color, geometry, magnetic properties and isomerism. Chemical Equilibria: Colligative properties of solutions, ionic equilibria in solution, solubility product, common ion effect, hydrolysis of salts, pH, buffer and their applications. Equilibrium constants (Kc, Kp and Kx) for homogeneous reactions. Electrochemistry: Conductance, Kohlrausch law, cell potentials, emf, Nernst equation, Galvanic cells, thermodynamic aspects and their applications. Reaction Kinetics: Rate constant, order of reaction, molecularity, activation energy, zero, first and second order kinetics, catalysis and elementary enzyme reactions. Thermodynamics: First law, reversible and irreversible processes, internal energy, enthalpy, Kirchoff equation, heat of reaction, Hess’s law, heat of formation. Second law, entropy, free energy and work function. Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation, Clausius‐Clapeyron equation, free energy change, equilibrium constant and Trouton’s rule. Third law of thermodynamics Plant Pathology: Nature and classification of plant diseases, diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria,nematodes and viruses, and their control measures, mechanism(s) of pathogenesis and resistance, molecular detection of pathogens; plant-microbe beneficial interactions. Ecology and Environment: Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, ecological succession; food chains and energy flow; vegetation types of the world, pollution and global warming, speciation and extinction, conservation strategies, cryopreservation, phytoremediation. 3. Microbiology Historical Perspective: Discovery of microbial world; Landmark discoveries relevant to the field of microbiology; Controversy over spontaneous generation; Role of microorganisms in transformation of organic matter and in the causation of diseases. Methods in Microbiology: Pure culture techniques; Theory and practice of sterilization; Principles of microbial nutrition; Enrichment culture techniques for isolation of microorganisms; Light-, phase contrast- and electron-microscopy. Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity: Bacteria, Archea and their broad classification; Eukaryotic microbes: Yeasts, molds and protozoa; Viruses and their classification; Molecular approaches to microbial taxonomy. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Structure and Function: Prokaryotic Cells: cell walls, cell membranes, mechanisms of solute transport across membranes, Flagella and Pili, Capsules, Cell inclusions like endospores and gas vesicles; Eukaryotic cell organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Microbial Growth: Definition of growth; Growth curve; Mathematical expression of exponential growth phase; Measurement of growth and growth yields; Synchronous growth; Continuous culture; Effect of environmental factors on growth. Control of Micro-organisms: Effect of physical and chemical agents; Evaluation of effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. Microbial Metabolism: Energetics: redox reactions and electron carriers; An overview of metabolism; Glycolysis; Pentose-phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway; Glyoxalate pathway; The citric acid cycle; Fermentation; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Chemolithotrophy; Photosynthesis; Calvin cycle; Biosynthetic pathway for fatty acids synthesis; Common regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of amino acids; Regulation of major metabolic pathways. Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction: Normal microbiota; Classification of infectious diseases; Reservoirs of infection; Nosocomial infection; Emerging infectious diseases; Mechanism of microbial pathogenicity; Nonspecific defense of host; Antigens and antibodies; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Vaccines; Immune deficiency; Human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. Chemotherapy/Antibiotics: General characteristics of antimicrobial drugs; Antibiotics: Classification, mode of action and resistance; Antifungal and antiviral drugs. Microbial Genetics: Types of mutation; UV and chemical mutagens; Selection of mutants; Ames test for mutagenesis; Bacterial genetic system: transformation, conjugation, transduction, recombination, plasmids, transposons; DNA repair; Regulation of gene expression: repression and induction; Operon model; Bacterial genome with special reference to E.coli; Phage λ and its life cycle; RNA phages; RNA viruses; Retroviruses; Basic concept of microbial genomics. Microbial Ecology: Microbial interactions; Carbon, sulphur and nitrogen cycles; Soil microorganisms associated with vascular plants. 4. Zoology Animal world: Animal diversity, distribution, systematics and classification of animals, phylogenetic relationships. Evolution: Origin and history of life on earth, theories of evolution, natural selection, adaptation, speciation. Genetics: Basic Principles of inheritance, molecular basis of heredity, sex determination and sex-linked characteristics, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage, recombination and mapping of genes in eukaryotes, population genetics. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates; replication, transcription and translation; regulation of gene expression, organization of genome, Kreb’s cycle, glycolysis, enzyme catalysis, hormones and their actions, vitamins Cell Biology: Structure of cell, cellular organelles and their structure and function, cell cycle, cell division, chromosomes and chromatin structure. Gene expression in Eukaryotes : Eukaryotic gene organization and expression (Basic principles of signal transduction). Animal Anatomy and Physiology: Comparative physiology, the respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, the nervous system, the excretory system, the endocrine system, the reproductive system, the skeletal system, osmoregulation. Parasitology and Immunology: Nature of parasite, host-parasite relation, protozoan and helminthic parasites, the immune response, cellular and humoral immune response, evolution of the immune system. Development Biology: Embryonic development, cellular differentiation, organogenesis, metamorphosis, genetic basis of development, stem cells. Ecology: The ecosystem, habitats, the food chain, population dynamics, species diversity, zoogerography, biogeochemical cycles, conservation biology. Animal Behaviour: Types of behaviours, courtship, mating and territoriality, instinct, learning and memory, social behaviour across the animal taxa, communication, pheromones, evolution of animal behaviour. GATE 2021 LX Exam Pattern Duration : 180 Mint Negative Mark : 0.66 SectionNo. of QuestionsMarksMarks/QuestionsTotal Marks General Aptitude5 55 51 25 10 Technical, Engineering, Mathematics25 3025 301 225 60 Total65  100

[keepcalmandcastleon]

Why are my cannabis leaves turning yellow?

Focus that developing marijuana might be dependent upon extraordinary limitations and guideline in your nation or state. If it's not too much trouble, contact your lawyer to acquire exhortation prior to developing pot.

It's smarter to peruse this marijuana blog and not need it than to not understand it and come unraveled in the develop room. Now and again things turn out badly in the pot garden. Indeed, even all that marijuana producers can run into inconvenience every so often and yellow leaves are typically the primary admonition sign.

Regardless of how well you deal with your pot plants, there is generally an opportunity that they will become drowsy or yellow. To forestall yellowing or fix the plant after it has proactively become yellow, you should have the option to perceive the reason and know the calculation of activity, assuming it has previously worked out.

No producer needs to see yellow leaves. Wilting plants in the develop operation are a hopeless sight. Tragically only one out of every odd pot crop develops inconvenience free. This can be because of endless reasons. It tends to be anything from producer blunders to obtrusive microorganisms. Obviously, we can't furnish you with a dependable silver slug answer for each potential marijuana plant disease. We're marijuana authors, not telepaths.

However, we unquestionably can help you. Explicitly to recognize a large portion of the normal foundations for yellow leaves accurately. Also, we have included supportive tips to treat debilitated plants. In addition straightforward master tips and deceives. Any home producer can carry out our recommendation to keep away from marijuana plants' leaves becoming yellow

Why Pot Leaves Become Yellow

The yellowing of leaves altogether impedes the course of photosynthesis in the plant, which forestalls its generally expected development and advancement. This is because of the debasement of the green color chlorophyll, which should ingest daylight and produce energy for the plant, and the strength of yellow or orange chloroplasts. What are the potential reasons for this?

At the point when you shouldn't stress over yellow weed leaves

Obviously, it very well may be enticing to simply eliminate the leaves when you see them, however this can adversely affect your plant. The leaves basically carry on like natural sunlight powered chargers and fuel the wellbeing and development of your plant, particularly for youthful plants. So removing them isn't suggested. Notwithstanding, towards the finish of their blossoming cycle, plants tend to yellow and shrink their leaves normally. This cycle, called senescence, is completely normal to the plant's lifecycle. So don't be frightened assuming your plant is in its late phases of development and giving a few regular indications of yellowing.

The most widely recognized reasons for yellow weed leaves

As referenced, the disclosure of yellowed weed leaves can be a concerning one yet have confidence, there are numerous ways of diagnosing, treat and even keep away from any plant diseases. Coming up next are the most well-known reasons for yellow pot leaves and all that you can do an option for you to help your plants.

Deductively, the yellowing of leaves is called chlorosis. During this cycle, plant leaves lose their chlorophyll (the compound that keeps them green).

Chlorosis could be because of a particular issue like natural issues or daylight lack, or it very well may be because of senescence - the course of organic maturing.

Normal senescence isn't anything to stress over. Many plants become yellow and drop their leaves toward the finish of each developing season, which is what we see in deciduous trees during fall. A few cultivators "flush" their yields with unadulterated water or a flushing arrangement at this late development stage. This disposes of abundance supplements and paces up the regular course of senescence.

Different elements may likewise be impacting everything. Once in a while, be that as it may, is chlorosis a reason for alarm. Frequently, something straightforward is forestalling photosynthesis.

Assuming you act rapidly, you can as a rule assist your plants with recuperating. This is the way to sort out what's causing the issue.

Light Lack

Lighting can be a convoluted matter, particularly for new producers. In the first place, you need to lay out the right sort of lighting, and afterward sort out an ideal separation from your plants.

Lights are significant on the grounds that your plants need them for photosynthesis. Seedlings must get the perfect proportion of light to urge them to develop. Youthful pot plants with a lack of light are probably going to become yellow, though mature plants might obscure in the event that they're not getting sufficient light.

The Fix

There are different lighting types you ought to investigate while setting up your develop:

Driven: These energy-productive lights are extremely normal and make less intensity than different bulbs. Accordingly, they're really great for little develop rooms. Nonetheless, you might have to utilize a ton of them because of their low power.

Stowed away: Experts incline toward Concealed lighting, which is the most extraordinary choice that anyone could hope to find. Be that as it may, various kinds of Concealed bulbs are expected for various development stages.

Fluorescent: This is another minimal expense choice for those hoping to preserve power. They have a low intensity yield, yet they are just helpful for little develops.

Solid lights, for example, Stowed away (extreme focus release) bulbs, are better for pot seedlings. Put resources into metal halide (MH) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lights for best outcomes. In a more modest develop room where warming turns into an issue, LEDs are a nice substitute. Likewise, you might consider moving the lights lower with the goal that they sit nearer to your plants. However, you'll have to move them as the plant becomes taller.

Watering Issues

Both over and under-watering weed plants can prompt chlorosis. Sadly, water is something interesting to get right. You really want to water your yield the ideal sum - and at the perfect opportunities.

An excess of water can lessen the oxygen content of the dirt, which starves the root foundation and prompts demise. You will be aware assuming you have over-watered your plants on the grounds that their leaves will be enlarged, sagging, and indeed, perhaps yellow.

Under-watering is more uncommon since most cultivators are hyper-mindful that their harvest will kick the bucket without legitimate hydration. Nonetheless, under-watering does occur, and under-watered plants might seem feeble, slender, weak, and yellow.

The Fix:

The arrangement here is straightforward: quit watering plants that are over-watered, and water under-watered crops more! Get to realize your plants well, and get to know the climate they flourish in. Figure out the heaviness of the developing medium when it's dry, as well as when it's immersed. You might in fact put resources into a stickiness meter to see the water content of your dirt all the more precisely.

Incidentally, unfortunate soil quality/poor develop medium can likewise prompt watering issues. Ensure you put resources into soil and compartments that give satisfactory seepage.

pH Irregularity

pH represents expected hydrogen and it estimates the corrosiveness of a particular medium. pH chips away at a size of 1-14, with 7 being nonpartisan. For weed plants, the pH of your dirt ought to be somewhere in the range of 6 and 7 (aqua-farming cultivators ought to select 5.5-6.2).

There's something off about in the event that the pH, your plants will not have the option to acquire the right supplements, and leaves might start to yellow. We cover supplement lacks in more detail later, however by and large, you ought to take note of that pH irregularity can cause different side effects. Yellow leaves, consuming at the edges and checks like spots and stripes indicate a pH lopsidedness.

The Fix:

You can purchase a pH analyzer online to really look at the nature of your developing medium. Home packs, notwithstanding; don't necessarily test for calcium carbonate, which can make your dirt weighty in antacid materials. You can check for its presence by adding a dirt example to a cup of vinegar; in the event that it bubbles, there's calcium carbonate. On the other hand, send an example off to a lab.

When you know the issue, you can either re-pot in another developing medium, or change the dirt pH. Certain substances are known to change pH. For instance, wood debris and lime can increment it. Nonetheless, it's likely significantly simpler to buy pH UP and pH DOWN substances from a cultivating store.

Heat Pressure

Heat pressure can cause yellow, consumed leaves in the event that plants are held excessively near a light source. A few leaves may likewise start to twist.

For absence of a superior clarification, this is on the grounds that marijuana plants (similarly as with most plants) are defenseless to temperature limits. Furthermore, once more, this frequently boils down to a lighting issue. Bulbs emit heat while they give light; put your plants excessively near a bulb(s), and you risk searing them.

As verified above, various bulbs can make varying measures of intensity. Bright light bulbs are probably not going to cause an issue, yet more extraordinary Concealed lighting can get a lot sultrier.

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position: SGN_Frankfurt.MolluscsMethylation

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Graduate position: SGN_Frankfurt.MolluscsMethylation > Date: 28 May 2022 at 07:00:18 BST > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > Job Announcement ref. #12-22007 > > The LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG, > https://ift.tt/439WB6c) aims at making the genomic basis of > biological diversity accessible for basic and applied research. Building > on genome sequencing and analysis, LOEWE-TBG research topics range > from comparative genomics, natural products genomics, and genomic > biomonitoring to functional environmental genomics. LOEWE-TBG is based > in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and is a joint venture of the Senckenberg > Gesellschaft für Naturforschung (SGN), Goethe-University Frankfurt, > Justus-Liebig-University Giessen and Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular > Biology and Applied Ecology. > > The Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and the LOEWE -TBG > invite applications for a PhD Candidate (m/f/d) > > Epigenetics and DNA methylation in molluscs > > We are seeking highly motivated PhD students with interest in epigenetics > and DNA methylation. The project involves functional evaluation of > DNA methylation in the sacoglossan sea slug species Elysia timida as > a model system to understand the fundamental roles of this epigenetic > mark in the phylum Mollusca and to identify potential genes important for > successful chloroplast incorporation (functional kleptoplasty). Epigenetic > mechanisms regulate the interpretation of genetic information and adapt > gene expression patterns to changing developmental or environmental > conditions. Several epigenetic mechanisms have been identified to date, > with DNA cytosine methylation being the best studied and possibly the > most important epigenetic mark. The project will be supported by the > excellent laboratory and bioinformatics facilities of the center. > > Your tasks > - Establishment of a culture of the alga Acetabularia acetabulum and E. >  timida at LOEWE-TBG > - Perform experimental time series (whole genome bisulfite sequencing >  (WGBS) / RNA-seq) during the life cycle of E. timida > - Perform subsequent bioinformatic analyses of whole-genome bisulfite >  sequencing and RNAseq data using existing recipes/scripts > - Publication of results in high-profile international journals > > Your profile > - Master degree in evolutionary biology, molecular biology, >  computational biology/bioinformatics or a related subject > - Experience with analyzing WGBS and RNA-seq data (scripting in R or >  python would be beneficial) > - Teamwork oriented and excellent communication skills with proficiency >  in written and oral English > - Interest to collaboratively work in an interdisciplinary, >  international team > > What is awaiting you? > - An interesting task in a dynamic team of researchers in an >  international research group and joining the new LOEWE TBG excellence >  centre with its 20 new research groups > - A relevant and timely research topic for a PhD project > - The possibility to create a network with scientists in >  interdisciplinary fields in translational biodiversity genomics > - Flexible working hours – dual career service – leave of absence >  due to family reasons (certified by “auditberufundfamilie”) – >  parent-child – office – annual special payment – company pension >  scheme – Senckenberg badge for free entry in museums in Frankfurt >  – leave of 30 days/year > > The Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung supports equal > opportunity of men and women and therefore strongly invites women > to apply. Equally qualified handicapped applicants will be given > preference. The employer is the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für > Naturforschung. > > Place of employment: Frankfurt am Main > Working hours: part time (65% position) > Type of contract: 3 years, starting as soon as possible > Salary: according to the German collective agreement TV-H (pay grade E 13) > The Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung supports equal > opportunity of men and women and therefore strongly invites women > to apply. Equally qualified handicapped applicants will be given > preference. The employer is the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für > Naturforschung. > > How to apply > Please send your application, mentioning the reference of this job offer > (ref. #12-22007) until 06 June 2022 (deadline), by e-mail (attachment > in a single pdf document) including a brief cover letter detailing your > research interests and experience (1 page), a CV and copies of your > certificates, transcripts and grades to: > > Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25 60325 > Frankfurt a.M.  E-Mail: recruiting@senckenberg.de > > For scientific information please contact Dr. Carola Greve, E-Mail > carola.greve@senckenberg.de. > > > > > > > Dr. Carola Greve (Lab and Project management) > Zentrum für translationale Biodiversitätsgenomik (LOEWE-TBG) > Tel.: +49 69 7542 1844 > Mail: Carola.Greve@senckenberg.de > > Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung > Rechtsfähiger Verein gemäß § 22 BGB > Senckenberganlage 25 > 60325 Frankfurt > > Direktorium: Prof. Dr. Klement Tockner, Prof. Dr. Andreas Mulch, > Dr. Martin Mittelbach, Prof. Dr. Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Prof. Dr. Karsten > Wesche > Präsidentin: Dr. h.c. Beate Heraeus > Aufsichtsbehörde: Magistrat der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (Ordnungsamt) > > Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft > > www.senckenberg.de (https://ift.tt/9tOJyQl) > Vernetzen Sie sich mit uns: https://ift.tt/lP3Ag1K > (https://ift.tt/lP3Ag1K) > > Carola Greve > via IFTTT

[blogoffshore304]

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Wavy (Compositions and Stems) WAV Soul Surplus Synth Pack Vol. 1 (Compositions and Stems) WAV Splice Sounds josh pan x Gill Chang Childhood Vol. 2 WAV Steve Lawrence Floating Drums WAV Tontario Second Nature WAV TopSounds Mockingbird (Sample Pack) TopSounds Plastics (Loop Pack) TopSounds Recoil (Loop Pack) TopSounds Third Eye (Sample Pack) TopSounds Unpopulated (Sample Pack) TopSounds Voluptuous (Vox Kit) True Samples Deep House 4 WAV MiDi REVEAL SOUND SPiRE True Samples House 2 Tech House WAV MiDi REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Tunecraft Sounds Future Bass Essentials Vol 1 WAV MiDi NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE ABLETON LiVE PROJECT Yawar Malik Modern Kicks for Trance and Psy Vol.1 WAV YnK Audio New Canada WAV MiDi FL STUDiO ZTEKNO DGTL Techno WAV MiDi NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE AND KV331 SYNTHMASTER ZTEKNO Dope TECHNO WAV MiDi ZTEKNO Quazar TECHNO WAV MiDi AiFF ZTEKNO TECHNO Mole WAV MiDi LENNAR DiGiTAL SYLENTH1 NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE AND KV331 SYNTHMASTER Arturia V MiniFilter v1.0.0.116 VST x64 WIN-WRONG SECTION Black Octopus Sound Dusty Trip Hop WAV Black Octopus Sound Vocal Atmospheres By Holly Drummond WAV MiDi Black.Octopus Sound Breaks By AK And Andrew Applepie WAV Diginoiz Cloud Pads 2 WAV Drumvault 24k Cuban (Stem Kit) Function Loops Absolute EDM WAV MiDi Function Loops Chopped Vocal Hooks WAV MiDi Function Loops Cinematic Dark FX WAV Function Loops Dark Voices WAV Function Loops Future Bounce WAV MiDi LENNAR DiGiTAL SYLENTH1 NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE Function Loops Future Hip Hop WAV MiDi Function Loops Future Trap WAV MiDi LENNAR DiGiTAL SYLENTH1 Function Loops Interstellar Psytrance WAV MiDi Function Loops Progressive Psytrance Movement WAV MiDi Function Loops Psytrance Pitched Buildup FX WAV Function Loops Reggaeton Paradise WAV MiDi LENNAR DiGiTAL SYLENTH1 REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Function Loops Rolling Tech Basslines WAV MiDi Function Loops Tech House Percussion WAV Function Loops The Legend Of Psytrance WAV MiDi Gold Class Audio Absolute Tech House WAV Gold Class Audio Amazing Tropical House Vol 3 WAV MiDi Gold Class Audio Future Boss WAV MiDi FL STUDiO XFER RECORDS SERUM Gold Class Audio King Of House WAV MiDi Gold Class Audio Main Progressive House WAV MiDi LD SYLENTH1 XFER SERUM Gold Class Audio Major Pop 2 WAV MiDi Haezer Analogue Onslaught WAV Laniakea Sounds Atmospherica 2 WAV MiDi Laniakea Sounds Aura WAV REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Laniakea Sounds Best Of 2017 Ultimate Trance Collection WAV MiDi REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Laniakea Sounds Downtempo Vibes WAV MiDi Laniakea Sounds Future Bass Wave WAV MiDi LENNAR DiGiTAL SYLENTH1 REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Laniakea Sounds Future Deep WAV MiDi Laniakea Sounds Melodic Deep House Vol 2 WAV MiDi NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE Laniakea Sounds Melodic Progressive WAV MiDi REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Laniakea Sounds Mesmerizing Tech House Vol 2 WAV MiDi Laniakea Sounds Mesmerizing Tech House Vol 3 WAV MiDi REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Laniakea Sounds Modern Pop WAV MiDi REVEAL SOUND SPiRE Laniakea Sounds Modern Vocal Loops 2 WAV Laniakea Sounds Progressia WAV MiDi Laniakea Sounds Progressive Chill WAV MiDi Laniakea Sounds Progressive Vocal Chops 3 WAV Laniakea Sounds Progressive Vocal Chops 4 WAV Laniakea Sounds Tropicality WAV Laniakea Sounds Vocal Atmospheres 3 WAV Mayeniac Cloud God 2 Drum Kit WAV Mayeniac DMSN Drum Kit WAV Myloops Psy Trance Collection Sample Pack WAV and Studio One Template Origin Sound Descend WAV MiDi Origin Sound Elevate WAV MiDi Origin Sound Monolith WAV MiDi Origin Sound Revelation WAV MiDi Production Master Berlin Techno WAV Production Master Deep Tech House WAV MiDi Production Master Downtempo Chill WAV Production Master Future House Anthems WAV MiDi NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE LENNAR DiGiTAL SYLENTH1 Production Master Lavish Future Bass WAV Production Master Lit Drill And Trap WAV MiDi Production Master Miami 1982 WAV Production Master Neurosys 2 WAV Production Master Riddim Dubstep Weapons WAV ABLETON LiVE TEMPLATE XFER RECORDS SERUM Production Master Stu Cause4Concern Trauma WAV XFER RECORDS SERUM Production Master Summer Vibes WAV MiDi Retrohandz Essential Moombah WAV Splice Sounds Chef Pasquale Chef Szn Drumkit WAV Splice Sounds Hiko Momoji Bedroom Sounds WAV Splice Sounds Junkie Kid We Like Hard Sounds Vol 2 WAV MIDI FXP TheBeatPlug Good Morning Daddy Drum Kit WAV Tunecraft Sounds Ambient Cinematic Pads Vol 2 WAV MiDi XFER RECORDS SERUM Tunecraft Sounds Future Bass Essentials Vol 2 WAV MiDi XFER RECORDS SERUM ABLETON LiVE PROJECT Tunecraft Sounds Future Chill Hop Sessions WAV MiDi XFER RECORDS SERUM NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE Tunecraft Sounds Twisted Tech Tools WAV NATiVE iNSTRUMENTS MASSiVE WavSupply Josh Petruccio Godfather Drum Kit WAV

MEGA SAMPLES VOL-125, LATEST VST BANKS VOL-78, VST PLUGGINS (PC/MAC) 08-Dec December 7, 2020 / @Zunda Beats Havana Loop Kit WAV. Ample Sound Ample Bass P v3 2. Mega House Sound Pack has you covered! This free sample pack contains tons of sounds great for house beats, but it can go way beyond that too. Inside the kit you’ll find plenty of percussion & drum loops, individual drum hits, funky guitar and rhodes licks, hypnotic organ loops and piano shots, and other single-instrument samples.

Mega Samples Vol 95

File NameDescription ABI01.abi Sample trace file in ABI file format. Chloroplast_Martin.meg Protein coding genes from chloroplast genome of nine species. Contigs.meg Human and Chimp contigs for genes/domains tutorial. Crab_rRNA.meg Sequences for gene encoding mitochondrial large-subunit ribosomal RNA. D-loop_Vigilant.meg Human mtDNA data from D-loop region. Distance_Data.meg Sample distance data file generated for six groups using Tamura-Nei model. Drosophila_Adh.meg Adh sequence data from eleven fruit fly species. HLA-3Seq.meg Nucleotide sequences of three human class I HLA-A alleles. hsp20.meg Unaligned HSP20 sequence data for four species. Hum_Dist.meg Genetic distance data from 15 human populations. NewickTree.nwk A sample tree topology in Newick file format. mtCDNA.zip Data files for the timetree tutorial (or download them individually below). mtCDNA.meg Sequence data for the timetree tutorial. mtCDNA.nwk Topology for the timetree tutorial. mtCDNACalibration.txt A sample calibration constraints file, used for the timetree tutorial. mtCDNACalibrationDensities.txt A sample calibration constraints file of calibrations using statistical distributions. See Tao et al. (2020). gene_dup_inference.zip Data files for the gene duplication inference tutorial (or download them individually below). gene_tree.nwk A gene tree for the gene duplication inference tutorial. species_tree.nwk A trusted species tree for the gene duplication inference tutorial. taxa_to_species_map.txt A sample file for mapping taxon names to species names, for the gene duplication inference tutorial. NeiKumar2000.zip Example files from the book, Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics, Nei and Kumar (2000)rtdt_alignment.meg Alignment of temporally sampled data for using RelTime with Dated Tips (RTDT) to estimate times of divergence. rtdt_outgroup.txt List of outgroup taxa for running the RTDT example. rtdt_sample_times.txt Tip date calibrations for running the RTDT example. rtdt_tree.nwk Topology for running the RTDT example.

[sciencespies]

Discovery is key to creating heat-tolerant crops

https://sciencespies.com/nature/discovery-is-key-to-creating-heat-tolerant-crops/

Discovery is key to creating heat-tolerant crops

By 2050 global warming could reduce crop yields by one-third. UC Riverside researchers have identified a gene that could put the genie back in the bottle.

Warmer temperatures signal to plants that summer is coming. Anticipating less water, they flower early then lack the energy to produce more seeds, so crop yields are lower. This is problematic as the world’s population is expected to balloon to 10 billion, with much less food to eat.

“We need plants that can endure warmer temperatures, have a longer time to flower and a longer growth period,” said UCR botany and plant sciences professor Meng Chen. “But, to be able to modify plants’ temperature responses, you first have to understand how they work. So, that’s why identifying this gene that enables heat response is so important.”

The work that Chen and his colleagues did to uncover the heat-sensing gene was published this week in the journal Nature Communications. It is the second gene they’ve found involved in temperature sensing.

They located the first gene, called HEMERA, two years ago. Then they did an experiment to see if they could identify other genes involved in controlling the temperature-sensing process.

Ordinarily, plants react to shifts of even a few degrees in weather. For this experiment, the team began with a mutant Arabidopsis plant completely insensitive to temperature, and they modified it to once again become reactive.

Examining the genes of this twice-mutated plant revealed the new gene, RCB, whose products work closely with HEMERA to stabilize the heat-sensing function. “If you knock out either gene, your plant is no longer sensitive to temperature,” Chen said.

Both HEMERA and RCB are required to regulate the abundance of a group of master gene regulators that serve multiple functions, reacting to temperature as well as light, and turning plants green. These proteins are distributed to two different parts of plant cells, the nucleus as well as organelles called chloroplasts.

Going forward, Chen says his laboratory will focus on understanding how these two parts of the cell communicate and work together to achieve growth, greening, flowering, and other functions.

“When you change light or temperature, genes in both the nucleus and chloroplasts change their expression. We think HEMERA and RCB are involved coordinating gene expression between these two cell compartments,” Chen said.

Ultimately, the goal is to be able to modify temperature response to ensure the future of our food supply.

“We were excited to find this second gene,” Chen said. “It’s a new piece of the puzzle. Once we understand how it all works, we can modify it, and help crops cope better with climate change.”

Story Source:

Materials provided by University of California – Riverside. Original written by Jules Bernstein. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

#Nature

[rogermontserrat]

Disponible en nuestro canal de Youtube la Master Class: Análisis y deconstrucción de #shaders en #videojuegos con Pau Elias Soriano de Chloroplast Games, profesor de nuestro Bootcamp de #technicalart y #vfx avanzados con #unity analizamos: URL en BIO https://youtu.be/8b8ywsHVY0Y 👉 Zelda: BOTW 👉 Journey 👉 Cuphead 👉 Monument Valley 👉 Pokemon 👉 No Mans Sky 👉 Soul Reaver Si os gusta, gracias por compartirlo de antemano, like, subs, etc... :) https://www.instagram.com/p/CGIAbWNjaJ4/?igshid=1i3at6jfbatak

[tastydregs]

Hacking Plant Life: Artificial Photosynthesis Takes a Leap Forward

All life on earth ultimately gets its energy from the sun through the amazing ability of plants to sustain themselves on nothing more than water, air, and sunlight. Now researchers have taken a major step towards imbuing synthetic life with the same capabilities.

While most living things rely on grazing, scavenging, or hunting for their food, plants are able to create their own food through photosynthesis. The carbon-based molecules produced via this process are the foundations on which all of nature’s diversity is built.

If we could harness and even potentially redesign this process, it could hold huge promise for everything from synthesizing useful molecules like drugs to designing biological systems that can suck climate-change-causing CO2 from the atmosphere. Perhaps most excitingly, it could open the door to creating truly self-sustaining artificial lifeforms.

Photosynthesis involves a complex interplay of multiple enzymatic pathways, so efforts to replicate it by humans have had mixed results. But German and French researchers have come up with a clever way to create synthetic versions of chloroplasts, the specialized organelles where photosynthesis occurs.

To make the artificial organelles, the team used microfluidics to create cell-sized micro-droplets of water suspended in oil, which acted as self-contained compartments where all the crucial reactions could take place.

While nature has come up with several different chemical pathways for taking carbon from CO2 in the air and fixing it into organic compounds, the researchers decided to rely on a synthetic alternative made up of 16 enzymes that had previously been designed by other researchers.

But they combined this with the sheet-like membranes from thylakoids—the structures within the chloroplast where the light-dependent parts of photosynthesis take place—that had been extracted from spinach plants.

In a paper in Science, the researchers reported that these hybrid synthetic and artificial systems were able to fix carbon in the presence of light just like a plant and possessed all the essential characteristics of photosynthesis. They even posit that the approach could be more efficient than natural photosynthesis because it doesn’t involve photorespiration, a wasteful byproduct of natural pathways that uses up oxygen and produces CO2.

“This advancement marks an important step toward the development of a synthetic plant-like cell,” wrote Nathaniel Gaut and Katarzyna Adamala, from the University of Minnesota, in an accompanying perspective in Science. “The ability to harvest light energy and fix CO2 into multicarbon compounds creates an essential foundation for technologies that will find use in many other areas, from small-molecule or drug synthesis in artificial bioreactors to development of an artificial biological system for sequestering environmental carbon.”

They point out that there is considerable scope for pairing this system with other cell-free pathways designed by synthetic biologists that can synthesize proteins, which could be a step toward a self-replicating synthetic system powered by light.

The authors note that the automated approach they used to create their “synthetic chloroplast” makes it possible to easily re-program and test new pathways, both natural and synthetic. This could make it possible to prototype new metabolic processes before synthetic biologists transplant them into cells, or act as a testbed for truly synthetic life.

Energy production is just one of many capabilities that researchers will need to master if they want to build a truly man-made cell, such as self-repair and reproduction. But the authors’ work is a significant step towards building artificial life from the bottom up.

Image Credit: Marc Pascual from Pixabay

[educatier]

mitochondria who? i only kno photosynthesis 🚶🏻🚶🏻

respiration. mitochondria. photosynthesis. chloroplast. Long ago, the four nations lived together in harmony. Then, everything changed when the photosynthesis attacked. Only the Energy Provider, master of all four elements, could stop them, but when the world needed him most, he vanished. A hundred years passed and my brother and I discovered the new Energy Provider, a mitochondria  named Powercell . And although his mitochondria skills are great, he has a lot to learn before he's ready to save anyone. But I believe Powercell can save the world.

it’s a sleepover~ send me confessions, would you rathers, my advice, anything !! im here to offer cookies & my eternal support

[saltysaltyscience]

You are so close my buddy my dude! This is actually a Sacoglossan! They’re specialized sea slugs that steal the chloroplasts from the algae that they eat and then force those chloroplasts to photosynthesis during periods of starvation and stress. Basically the slugs are thieves and also merciless task masters. The slugs themselves can’t actually photosynthesis. They’re also super duper small and very very cute!

- Salt

This sea slug was the first animal found that is able to undergo photsynthesis and produces chlorophyll.