#chilean coup d'état

[carolinareyestorres]

Pasan los años, los lustros, las décadas, la cincuentena y frente a la felonía de la corruptela de jueces, políticos, abogados y empresarios la figura de Allende solo se agiganta. Lo investigaron cinco años después de muerto, nada encontraron porque su conducta fue ejemplarmente proba. Los que hace cincuenta años en sus partidos políticos abalaron la persecución, tortura y muerte de sus opositores hoy abalaban una red de corrupción infinita, sin división de poderes y con un solo objetivo; mantener el poder y la riqueza en las 3 o 4 familias que manejan este fundo llamado Chile.

[bobmorane]

A Nᴇᴄᴇssᴀʀʏ Eᴠɪʟ

[mimosita]

To the cry "¡Nunca más!" (never again), thousands of Chilean women surround the Moneda Palace to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the violent coup d'état of September 11, 1973, in Chile. A cry for all Latin America: Never again!

[jesttoopoortoaffordbells]

😍❤😍❤😍❤😍❤😍

Happy 51st anniversery to the American backed 1973 Chilean coup d'état

(look it up if you dont know)

😍❤😍❤😍❤😍❤😍

[scouse1g]

Never forget the 1973 Chilean coup d'état.

[shotofstress]

30 Aug - International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances

Detenido desaparecido or detenidos desaparecidos (DD. DD.) is the name commonly used in Latin American countries to refer to the victims of kidnappings, usually taken to clandestine detention and torture centres, and crimes of enforced disappearance, committed by various authoritarian military dictatorships during the 1970s and 1980s, and officially recognised, among others, by the governments of Argentina (1984) and Chile (1991).

Ph: Activists of the Chilean Human Rights organization "Detained and Disappeared People" take part in a demonstration in Santiago on September 8, 2013, in remembrance of late President (1970-1973) Salvador Allende, who died/was murdered on September 11, 1973 during the military coup d'etat led by general Augusto Pinochet. On September 11 Chile will commemorate the 51th anniversary of the coup that toppled Salvador Allende and brought dictator Pinochet to power. AFP PHOTO/Sebastian Silva (Photo credit should read Sebastian Silva/AFP/Getty Images)

Between 1973 and 2019, Chile has suffered multiple cases of disappeared detainees, from the civil-military dictatorship of Pinochet created, supported and financed by the USA and multiple other countries until 2019 during the dictatorship of Piñera in which he declared war against the people and the military and police tortured and disappeared people. Among these there have also been detainees disappeared at the hands of businessmen, politicians, policemen, military, etc. Since its beginnings as a country, the USA has conspired against Chile's democracy, intervened and carried out coups d'état, committing multiple atrocities. Likewise, the illegitimate state of Israel has aided these horrors, from armaments to intelligence and training.

This post is about the Disappeared Detainees contained in the reports regarding the Pinochet Dictatorship. To see the List go here , the Children List, go here, and the migrant List check here. For their life and context, read it here. Tumblr didn't let me make a long post.

This post don't include the babies and kids abducted and trafficked by hospitals, health centers, and church agents (like the german and other european nuns and priests) during dictatorship to be sold to wealthy people all over the world, from South America to Europe.

There are 1210 persons considered as disappeared detainees according oficial reports (but, again, not really all of them) in Chile after the coup d'état of 11 September 1973. Of these 1210 people, 79 were Mapuche (6.52%), 60 were foreigners (4.95%) and 54 were minors (4.46%).

Where are the missing Detained-Disappeared?

NEVER FORGIVE, NEVER FORGET.

NI PERDÓN NI OLVIDO. VENCEREMOS.

Sites

Agrupación de Familiares de detenidos desaparecidos

Museo de la Memoria. List of Victims and the descriptions.

School of the Americas Watch. Memoria y Recistencia. Close the School of The Americas

La memoria desde las raíces: las experiencias de familiares de detenidos desaparecidos

Detenido desaparecido (Disappeared detainee). Wikipedia

Desaparición forzada (Enforced Disappearances). Wikipedia

International Day of the Victims of Enforced Disappearances, 30 August

Documentals

[positivelybeastly]

Do you see x-force as a commentary on unchecked power?

"If I possessed truly unchecked power, you'd know."

So, it's meant to be. The ultimate intention of the series is meant to be a commentary/satire on the CIA and its various cruelties inflicted upon the world in the interests in national security. Beast has been forced into the role of Henry Kissinger, who, while never an actual Director of the CIA, certainly had his role to play in the history of the United States and its defence policies over the last 60 years.

"Kissinger is also associated with controversial U.S. policies, including its bombing of Cambodia, involvement in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, support for Argentina's military junta in its Dirty War, support for Indonesia in its invasion of East Timor, and support for Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War and Bangladesh genocide.

He was accused of war crimes for the civilian death toll of the policies he pursued, his role in facilitating U.S. support for dictatorial regimes, and willful ignorance towards human rights abuses committed by the United States and its allies."

Taken from Kissinger's Wikipedia page.

(Apologies, by the way, that this particular answer will be text heavy, I refuse to cap X-Force because I just. Don't. Want. To read it again.)

The parallels are pretty obvious - Beast's genocide of Terra Verde, his space prison, his wilful manipulation of X-Force to satisfy what he viewed as the interests of Krakoan national security, to the point where he would weaponise Logan just as the Weapon X programme did . . . these are the comic book equivalents of the United States' various criminal acts against a wide variety of smaller, less powerful countries. They are brighter, louder, flashier, more outwardly grotesque, but they fulfil the exact same role.

Now, here's the problem.

And let's try and follow Ben Percy's narrative logic here, yeah?

Beast has always been evil. Beast himself, Logan, and Domino all express this exact sentiment. It was only when he possessed true carte blanche that he revealed this evil, because if he had done so beforehand, then he would have been cast out or killed by his fellow heroic X-Men. That's safe to say, right?

Now.

Hank has, in the past, been given cosmic power by the Black Mirror, and promptly used it to try and find out how to fix the damage that he had done to the space-time continuum by bringing the Original 5 X-Men to the present.

When he realised there was no easy way to fix it, not even with his cosmic power, he ran away SCREAMING that it was all his fault, and when we next see him, he is depressed, he is brought low, his fucking speech bubbles are tiny because he's so shaken and mortified by what he's done.

But let's ignore that. Because Ben Percy did.

When Beast makes his departure from X-Force, Sage takes over, and promises to run X-Force more efficiently, with more oversight, with more transparency. She promises to be what Beast wasn't.

So far, so good, right? That's a pretty clear narrative.

. . . Hey, uhhh, where was X-Force when the Hellfire Gala went down?

Oh, they weren't there?

The intelligence agency, the force designed to combat external threats and shut them down with extreme prejudice, just - straight up completely missed the biggest threat imaginable to their country, and they just. Fucked up, completely?

Hmmm.

They were infiltrated from within, by an observer sent by the Quiet Council, who was meant to provide oversight? An observer that Beast had previously identified as a threat, and didn't want anywhere near a position of power, albeit for xenophobic reasons?

An observer who, when they went into the far off future to navel gaze at Nimrod Beast's evil future, broke the control over him - and didn't tell anyone that he had been being controlled for the past, like, year? Who was acting strangely, and no-one followed up on it?

Hmmm.

Like, here's the thing - I don't think Ben Percy necessarily wants us to think that Beast was a better leader of X-Force than Sage. He's portrayed as a brow beating, emotionally abusive, manipulative, oily voiced, condescending asshole who keeps biting off more than he can chew . . . BUT.

It's only when he's gone that both Krakoa falls, and that X-Force is completely double fucked by a person who wouldn't be there if Beast was still there? Like . . . have I said anything incorrect here?

Ladies, gentlemen, individuals who fall outside or along the gender spectrum in various places . . . this is what's described as bad theming, and inadequate plotting.

By running these two plots in parallel, and having them happen like this, Ben Percy has accidentally implied that the corrupt, evil asshole leader of X-Force was the one actually keeping Krakoa safe, and the good, transparent leader of X-Force managed to fuck things up immediately.

That's not what the story wants you to think! It wants you to view Sage and co. as the heroes of the story, explicitly, they are the good guys. But. Through lack of care, and lack of thought, that's what's been accidentally implied.

Now, maybe that's just me being facetious, and you know what, it probably is. That's a minor quibble, you can't really blame Ben Percy for that, Gerry Duggan and the X-office say that the Hellfire Gala happens this way, and Ben Percy has to say, sure. It's unfortunate timing, but Sage did not cause the Hellfire Gala to happen, that's ridiculous.

However.

I have to remind you all, as I so often do, that the entirety of X-Force knew that Beast had killed Terra Verde, used the bodies of its ambassadors as puppets; had an evil space prison built using siphoned Krakoan funds; had attacked Piotr Rasputin's reputation, publicly humiliated him; they knew that he was not to be trusted, and they knew that he was a bad, bad, bad man.

Yeah? That's established?

. . . Why did they keep working for him?

Why was it that the buck apparently stopped at mind controlling Logan? THAT was the point where you draw the line, huh? The evil Mengele space prison, THAT YOU KNEW ABOUT, that you dragged Beast from in chains, warranted the fucking silent treatment, like you're a bunch of fucking children, but the instant something happens to Logan, suddenly he's got to go?

That's some real moral myopia you guys got going on, there!

That means you were all okay with everything he was doing before! You could have stopped working with X-Force, you could have just killed Beast, over and over and over, you could have protested to the Quiet Council, you could have done anything - but you just kept turning up to work! You kept doing the dirt!

Why?

. . . Oh, sorry, there's, uh, no real answer here. There are no character arcs for people in X-Force. It's just, Beast is evil, Logan is the grizzled hero, and everyone else is here, I guess.

Like, there's some real weak political commentary going on with Logan vs. the Quiet Council, where he's like, BLUUUUH KRAKOA'S A COUNTRY CLUB, BUUUUH I DON'T LIKE HOW YOU DO THINGS, but, like, it's just so without any kind of substance! It's acting like Wolverine wasn't ALSO fine with everything Beast was doing up until it affected him!

You can't have clear cut heroes and villains in a narrative like this. Everyone on X-Force, without exception, is a horrible person willing to do horrible things in the interests of national security, and they have been SHOWN to be FINE with whatever Beast wanted to do, but because they are NOT Beast, they're heroes.

This is what's known as the 'bad cop' narrative. One bad apple spoils the bunch, you know the saying - not all cops are bad, if you could just get rid of the bad ones, it'd be fine!

Except that it's not a case of good cops and bad cops, is it? It's a case of a cop culture that breeds corruptive power. It's a case of good cops being punished for calling out corruption, being put in mental institutions, left to die in combat situations. And it's the same with black ops teams. It's the same with intelligence agencies. There are no heroes on these teams, because it's not POSSIBLE to be a hero on these teams.

But Ben Percy seems to think that there can be. That X-Force would have been fine if Beast wasn't on the team from the start, that black ops teams full of murderers are completely fine so long as they're guided by the right person.

The instant he started prattling on about good and evil in this narrative, if it was ever meant to be a commentary on unchecked power, it lost all of its potency. Power and its relation to Beast becomes almost pointless if he's just evil - he just becomes a villain waiting for his chance, and it makes all the heroes look like morons for continuing to give him power and not take any of it away.

The only way this narrative works is if Beast was a good person to start with, and he had to start making moral compromises, he had to start cutting out his soul to save Krakoa, he had to - except, that's not how Ben Percy believes Beast is. He has told us so, repeatedly, both in and out of narrative.

What's the actual moral of the story in X-Force?

Is it that power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely? Well, Beast was apparently always corrupt, and Sage apparently is a hero despite letting him do whatever the fuck he wanted, sooo. No?

Is it that intelligence agencies are intrinsically cruel and horrible apparatuses that allow states to harm innocents in the interests of national security? Well, this intelligence agency is full of heroes who pretty much never do anything morally bankrupt, who constantly push back against their evil overseer but don't really challenge him, so, I guess intelligence agencies are fine, actually, so long as the people are good.

Is it that nation building is a bloody process that requires moral sacrifice, and that everyone involved in the founding of a nation has some degree of blood on their hands? Maybe? Iunno.

How often do the Quiet Council actually appear in X-Force and Wolverine? Maybe two, three times? Are they to blame for what happens? I guess, since they give Beast carte blanche, but X-Force sure don't do a lot to push back against that, do they? For a character that allegedly is protecting Beast from these consequences, we never see Xavier interact with Beast, do we?

X-Force is a political commentary with messy, lazy politics, that believes that black ops teams are fine so long as the people running them are good people.

X-Force is a story of good and evil with very little actual moral nuance, and not much to actually, truly say about Krakoa, other than, it can be bad sometimes and Logan doesn't like it.

X-Force is an intelligence agency without any actual intelligence. Every character in it is unobservant, wilfully ignorant, lazy, short-sighted, easily manipulated despite being outwardly cynical, and have not once, in nearly 50 issues, executed a plan that I looked at and thought, you know what, I would never have thought of that, that was really smart.

X-Force is a group of morons who can't kill a fat blue man who bounces a lot, because he's just too smart and capable for them, even though he's also evil and arrogant and stupid and constantly overplays his hand.

X-Force is so stupid that they brought back a clone of their previous Director to fight the current version of him, left said clone in a room that he had the access codes to open with a guard that was talked to sleep with embarrassing ease, and then left their control centre unguarded, despite it having been broken into that very same day by this very same man, so that he could look through their files and leave.

X-Force is fucking dumb.

If it's a commentary on anything, it's that Ben Percy can't write smart narratives to save his goddamn fucking life.

He should stick to short Wolverine stories and body horror, because politics, spy thrillers, satisfying character narratives, theming?

These fucking escape him.

I have no professional respect for the man.

He's probably a nice enough guy if you talk to him in real life.

But, you wanna know a secret? I've never paid a penny for a single issue of X-Force, it's all pirated. All these caps I used? Pirate sources.

I'd walk up to his face and tell him so.

Because I find his work to be a complete waste of time, energy, good art, paper, downloaded megabits, and space. It's a complete wash.

Unless Hank gay kisses Wonder Man in the next two issues.

That'd make it worthwhile, I s'pose.

[leftistfeminista]

In Chile, why did the implementation of neoliberalism facilitate VPS practices?

“ The implementation of neoliberalism could not have been carried out without a shock, as Naomi Klein suggests, which would dismantle relational ecosystems anchored in popular identity associated with the collective and a society in which certain rights were assumed as one's own and won. A society that struggled between reform and revolution, and that had communities and collectivities at its center as a way of resolving conflicts. This shock, to which Chilean society is subjected, is state terrorism and the VPS plays a fundamental role in it, the imposition of power and a particular social organization through sexual violence on bodies. To subdue the social body and terrorize it, it was necessary to degrade, use, abuse and violate sexualized and sexualized bodies, a pedagogy of horror, which based on a patriarchal sex-gender system, uses techniques and technologies on bodies to 'return popular sectors and especially women to their historical place. In turn, neoliberalism uses these techniques again when it feels cornered, which also function as adjustment techniques for neoliberalism, ensuring its sustainability.”

In your opinion, what is the influence of patriarchy and market logic on these events?

“ I believe that sexual violence is at the base of the patriarchal organization, let’s say that it is like its philosopher’s stone, the hierarchical binarism and the appropriation of the body of the feminized is its deepest structure. In the logic of the market, there is an author that I like a lot called Roswitha Scholz, she says in one of her texts that the value is the man, she argues that the fundamental contradiction of the socialization of value between matter (content) and form (abstract work) is determined by gender in a specific way. She calls it the commodity-producing patriarchy. From this point of view, masculine rationality and therefore its praxis is in the DNA of the capitalist market. Marx’s classic formula is nothing other than a masculine rational abstraction: competition, exploitation, conquest, destruction, are at the practical and relational base of this formula. Note that when I refer to masculine I am not saying men, but the cultural, symbolic-practical apparatus of the masculine.”

She points out that "the relationship between armed conflicts and sexual violence is long-standing." She mentions, for example, the kidnapping of Shibox by Boho Hoha, a terrorist group in Nigeria, which accounts for hundreds of girls who were raped. Are these situations that we are exposed to that are repeated?

“ Certainly, as long as we do not transform the prevailing sex-gender system and with it the mode of production and reproduction in which they mesh, we will be exposed again and again in history to this type of event.”

How can victims continue their lives after the atrocities they have suffered?

“ I don’t think it’s a question I should answer, but there are key elements that we can contribute as a society, for example, ending so much impunity is essential and finding equivalent forms of reparation, even if only in part, for so much damage. It is also important to re-validate and value, by demystifying political binarisms, the dreams and hopes of the people who gave their lives for a profound social transformation, whose focus was on the well-being of society.”

It has just been 50 years since the coup d'état... is reconciliation possible?

“There is no possibility of reconciliation with the aggressors without reparation that is equivalent to the damage, and for this, truth and justice are essential, as well as the end of denialism. On the other hand, it is essential to move towards more just, equitable and less violent societies, for this, a radical change in our subjectivities is essential, as well as reformulating the productions of competitive, aggressive, violent individualist neoliberal desire.”

After reading Nieves Ayress Moreno's testimony, how can society recover from this barbarity?

“ I think it is essential to revisit our history to understand the mechanisms that move and push the production of individuals willing to carry out and plan such atrocities, to create strategies for transformation. I think that art, music, science with a focus on society and not on the abstract needs of the market. Collective work, whether in the neighborhood, networks of friends, social, with common purposes, is essential to trust in what is mutual and to give us back something of another form of humanity that was taken from us as a society.”

What consequences has it left in Chilean society that have not been overcome?

“ It installed techniques and technologies of repression that are reused from time to time in the adjustments of neoliberalism, we have for example in 2011 and 2019 where these techniques were used as tactics of repression and terror. Again to dismantle the collective by installing fear. With this, impunity stands as the historical spectre, which constantly haunts us. In addition to neoliberalism, which has deeply affected our ways of relating and our subjectivation, decomposing and atomizing us superlatively as individuals in competition, with levels of inequality so brutal that they are the cradle of the explosion of various forms of crime and various forms of violence that have us living in a constant implosion.”

Personally, how did this research impact you?

“ I remember that there were nights when I was writing or reading testimonies and I couldn’t bear the helplessness, and I would stop writing or reading to cry buckets. I think that anger, pain and helplessness are the emotions that accompanied me for a large part of the research, and I also had to put it aside on several occasions, because it was so emotionally exhausting. The exhausting certainty that those who orchestrated this horror and this model have a historical debt with the generations who suffered the barbarity firsthand and with those of us who today suffer the daily attacks of neoliberalism, especially if you are a woman, a dissident, or part of the children or youth who live in this country. And I say exhausting because you only see that the consequences of the model are deepening. This research reaffirmed my political position in society, and my role as a professor and researcher.”

Finally… are we condemned to be Cains to each other, over and over again?

“ Within patriarchal colonial capitalism, yes, we are condemned, and what is happening with the growing drug violence in Latin America shows this. But this system is never total, there are always spaces for fissures, and it is in these fissures and contradictions that we can imagine, project and create other possible worlds, other policies and social relations of production and reproduction.”

[fangirling-throughlife]

If anyone was wondering how my stupid brain works, here's what happened in the span of 20 minutes:

1. They mention on the news that the Chilean coup d'état happened 50 years ago this Monday. I remember that this was a big topic in La Casa de los Espíritus (the House of the Spirits) by Isabel Allende, and that I'm actually curious what actually happened (our modern history teacher left for 2 months, so we didn't cover anything beyond 1945). I open the Wikipedia page

2. Open Salvador Allende's Wikipedia page because I'm reminded he was actually related to Isabel Allende.

3. Remember that Pedro Pascal is also related to Salvador Allende, so I start looking through his family members to figure out through which family member they're related

4. Find the connection, end up clicking through to Pedro Pascal's Wikipedia page to read about his family's exile

5. Find out that he lived in Orange County, click on the link

6. Now I'm thinking about the West Wing

[remicilline]

As part of the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the coup d'état, the Chilean production company "Punkrobot Studio" that won an Oscar uploaded on youtube "Historia de un oso" (Bear story). A short film inspired by the director's (Gabriel Osorio Vargas) grandfather, who was imprisioned for two years, and later forced into exile.

[osrphotography]

"Hijo de la rebeldía

Lo siguen veinte más veinte

Porque regala su vida

Ellos le quieren dar muerte" - Víctor Jara "El Aparecido"

On the 11th of September 1973, a nation once considered a stalwart of democracy in Latin America was subject to a coup d'état.

The Chilean Armed Forces, discontent with the newly elected Unidad Popular (Popular Unity Party), and Preisdent Allende overthrew the government on the morning of the 11th.

Using recently purchased Hawker Hunters from Thatcher's Britain, the FACh bombed friendly radio stations and the Palacio La Mondea. The coup was an overwhelming success, and the decades that followed under Augusto Pincohet were marked by massive human rights abuses. Indeed the, folk-artist who I quoted at the beginning of this post, Víctor Jara, was arrested and subsequently murdered by the Pinochet régime.

It is estimated that 40,000 people were desaparecido by the Junta. Their "crimes" were sympathies towards the previous government, real or imagined.

Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger were both deeply involved in the coup. Multiple files have recently been declassified, which shows the US was responsible for ushering in 2 decades of repression. Yet, to date, nothing has been done to persecute any Americans involved. In spite of the fact that two american citizens were murdered by the Junta.

Despite the attempts at an urban guerrilla (à la Rote Armee Fraktion) by the FPMR and the MIR, the Junta proved to be a formidable force that could hold its own against dissidents.

So today, as we mark 50 years since the golpe de estado, we say, "¡Ni perdón, Ni olvido! We can not forgive, and we can not forget. And we must never forget who it was pulling the strings and assisting financially, the United States of America. Chile, as a country, may never truly recover from what happened during those years. Those of us living overseas certainly can't.

¡Viva Chile! ¡Viva el pueblo! ¡Vivan los trabajadores! - Salvador Allende, Sept. 11, 1973.

[theoscarsproject]

Missing (1982). When an idealistic American writer disappears during the Chilean coup d'état in September 1973, his wife and father try to find him.

Oh, I loved this one. Jack Lemmon and Sissy Spacek always deliver, but they're emphatically, brilliantly human as father and daughter-in-law navigating hope and grief and desperation as they try to find the man who connects them. Moving and biting and a searing indictment on the US government. Really loved it. 8/10.

[lostsemicolon]

Ok it's September 12 so now we're posting about the other 11/9.

[the-unofficial-village-idiot]

Yesterday, my mom was like 'I wouldn't wanna fly somewhere tomorrow' and all my useless brain would provide me about the history of sept 11th was the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that put pinochet in power, and I almost fuckin asked her why

[shotofstress]

La batalla de Chile I: La lucha de un pueblo sin armas - Primera parte: La insurrección de la burguesía (por Patricio Guzmán, 1975)

Parte II El golpe de Estado (1976) Parte III El poder popular (1979)

La batalla de Chile es el título de una trilogía de documentales concluidos entre los años 1975 y 1979, con guión y dirección de Patricio Guzmán. La serie constituye un testimonio fílmico de la efervescencia política y social que se vivió en Chile durante el gobierno de la Unidad Popular encabezado entre 1970 y 1973 por Salvador Allende.

La batalla de Chile I-II-III fue una película gestada entre la ebullición de las calles de Santiago y el sigilo de una sala de edición en Cuba. Guzmán realizó el filme junto a un equipo reducido de colaboradores, compuesto por el camarógrafo Jorge Müller, el sonidista Bernardo Menz, el ayudante de dirección José Bartolomé, el productor Federico Elton y el montajista Pedro Chaskel. Tras el golpe militar, Guzmán, Elton y Bartolomé debieron salir del país. Más tarde lo hicieron también Menz y Chaskel, no sin antes asegurarse de salvaguardar el material fílmico: gracias a la colaboración directa del embajador de Suecia, Harald Edelstam, este fue enviado por barco a Estocolmo y, desde ahí, a Cuba. Un año más tarde, el camarógrafo Jorge Müller fue secuestrado por la DINA en Santiago y es hasta hoy una de las 1.200 personas desaparecidas que dejó el régimen militar en Chile.

Las distintas partes de la trilogía fueron estrenadas a medida que eran terminadas en una pequeña sala de montaje del Instituto Cubano de Artes e Industria Cinematográfico (ICAIC). Cada capítulo se refiere a un tema específico: La insurrección de la burguesía, El golpe de Estado y El poder popular. Todas recibieron numerosos premios en los Festivales de Grenoble, Bruselas, Benalmádena, La Habana y Leipzig, y fueron estrenadas en las salas de 35 países de Europa, América, Asia y Australia. En efecto, es la obra documental de América Latina más difundida en el mundo.

Como película, La batalla de Chile I-II-III es el producto de la maduración de dos trabajos precedentes que Guzmán realizó durante la Unidad Popular: El primer año (1972) y La respuesta de Octubre (1973). La batalla de Chile incluye algunas imágenes de estas películas, pero articuladas de manera distinta y, por tanto, insertas en otro relato. La relevancia particular de El primer año es que llam�� la atención del cineasta francés Chris Marker, quien entregó un apoyo fundamental a Patricio Guzmán para la producción y finalización de La batalla de Chile.

La recepción internacional de la crítica fue entusiasta: desde la revista The New Yorker, la influyente Pauline Kael dijo que era "un filme mayor, espectacular, filmado con sensibilidad" y Vincent Canby, desde el diario The New York Times, la saludó como "un film épico".

A pesar de este reconocimiento internacional, Patricio Guzmán se ha lamentado muchas veces de la insólita situación que viven sus películas en Chile, donde ninguna de ellas ha sido exhibida por los canales de la televisión abierta. (via Memoria Chilena)

La pieza ha sido también emitida en televisión abierta en varios países, excepto en Chile. En su primera emisión por televisión chilena abierta fue a través del canal La Red los días 10, 11 y 12 de septiembre de 2021.

The Battle of Chile (ES, EN subtitles)

Documentary film in three parts: The Insurrection of the Bourgeoisie (1975), The Coup d'état (1976), Popular Power (1979). It is a chronicle of the political tension in Chile in 1973 and of the violent counter revolution against the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende. It won the Grand Prix in 1975 and 1976 at the Grenoble International Film Festival. In 1996, Chile, Obstinate Memory was released and followed Guzmán back to Chile as he screened the 3-part documentary to Chileans who had never seen it before.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.4 (before 1940)

1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries. 1561 – The steeple of St Paul's, the medieval cathedral of London, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt. 1615 – Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan. 1745 – Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession. 1760 – Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada, taken from the Acadians. 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon). 1784 – Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres (2.5 mi) in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) altitude (estimated). 1792 – Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain. 1802 – King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel. 1812 – Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the Louisiana Territory is renamed the Missouri Territory. 1825 – General Lafayette, a French officer in the American Revolutionary War, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square in Buffalo, New York, during his visit to the United States. 1855 – Major Henry C. Wayne departs New York aboard the USS Supply to procure camels to establish the U.S. Camel Corps. 1859 – Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army. 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee. 1876 – An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, via the First transcontinental railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City. 1878 – Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title. 1896 – Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run. 1912 – Massachusetts becomes the first state of the United States to set a minimum wage. 1913 – Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V's horse at The Derby. She is trampled, never regains consciousness, and dies four days later. 1916 – World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia. 1917 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World. 1919 – Women's rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification. 1919 – Leon Trotsky bans the Planned Fourth Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents. 1920 – Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris. 1928 – The President of the Republic of China, Zhang Zuolin, is assassinated by Japanese agents. 1932 – Marmaduke Grove and other Chilean military officers lead a coup d'état establishing the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile. 1939 – The Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 German Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, in the United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.