#carbide coating

[materialsscienceandengineering]

Thermal paint: MXene spray coating can harness infrared radiation for heating or cooling

An international team of researchers, led by Drexel University, has found that a thin coating of MXene—a type of two-dimensional nanomaterial discovered and studied at Drexel for more than a decade—could enhance a material's ability to trap or shed heat. The discovery, which is tied to MXene's ability to regulate the passage of ambient infrared radiation, could lead to advances in thermal clothing, heating elements and new materials for radiative heating and cooling.

The group, including materials science and optoelectronics researchers from Drexel and computational scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, recently laid out its discovery on the radiative heating and cooling capabilities associated with MXene in a paper entitled "Versatility of infrared properties of MXene" in Materials Today.

"This research reveals yet another facet of MXene materials' versatility," said Yury Gogotsi, Ph.D., Distinguished University and Bach chair professor in Drexel's College of Engineering, who was a leader of the research.

"MXene coatings possessing exceptional abilities to contain or emit infrared radiation, while remaining extremely thin—200-300 times thinner than a human hair—lightweight and flexible, could find applications in both localized thermal management and large-scale radiative heating and cooling systems. There are significant advantages with passive infrared heating and cooling than traditional active ones, that require electrical power to function."

Read more.

[sancliffinc]

Enhance Fiber Optics Performance with Sancliff's Advanced Optical Fiber Coating Systems:

When it comes to ensuring the highest quality and performance of optical fibers, precision in coating is paramount. Sancliff, a leader in the industry, offers state-of-the-art optical fiber coating systems that cater to the needs of various industries requiring reliable and efficient fiber optic solutions.

Website: https://www.sancliff.com

[mohitjoshi041]

What Are Main Applications Of Tungsten Carbide?

The characteristics of the tungsten carbide coating process are extraordinary. Tungsten carbide is a unique substance with various uses because of its high strength, density, and hardness. Due to its distinct characteristics and remarkable attributes, tungsten carbide is a highly sought-after material for numerous applications. Tungsten carbide plating has a wide range of uses and is valuable in various industries besides manufacturing and industry. Examples include the medical sector, the fashion industry, and many others. Below mentioned are the main applications of tungsten carbide coating in India: 

Construction

Construction requires the utilization of apparatuses with high strength and sturdiness so they can endure being utilized on the materials that make up most structures. Materials like cement and asphalt are trying to infiltrate, requiring an exceptionally sturdy and solid blade or drill bit similar to those made of tungsten carbide. Tungsten coating is generally utilized in construction materials, for example, saws and drill bits, since it is practically rugged.

Industrial Alloys

To make hardware, construction projects, and industrial cog wheels, and, surprisingly, aeronautical gear, alloys are shaped by blending metals with different metals or components. These alloys are made to have particular properties, similar to strength or heat resistance, vital for every individual product and its utilization. Alloys made from coating tungsten carbide are an especially well-known decision for construction materials and instruments. Around 17% of all the tungsten carbide being utilized is for the making of these alloys.

Milling Industry

The purposes of tungsten coated carbide are extensive. Because of its toughness and durability, around 10% of all tungsten carbide utilization comes from the milling industry. Frequently utilized for mill embeds and end mills, tungsten carbide can be effortlessly molded while staying extreme. The milling industry requires materials, for example, tungsten carbide; since an industry depends on accuracy, the product made could be powdered, grinded, or ground and tungsten carbide's flexibility takes into account inconceivably exact milling apparatuses.

Jewelry

One more new and invigorating use for tungsten carbide is the jewelry industry. When cut, created, and cleaned well, tungsten carbide can look as staggering as some other jewelry you would typically wear. As well as being known for its unimaginable or more typical scratch resistance, carbide coating is a reasonable option in contrast to the gold or silver jewelry we're accustomed to paying for. Because of its sturdiness, this metal is overwhelming the industry, previously being generally used to make studs, pieces of jewelry, and rings.

Surgical Apparatuses Production

Many of the purposes of tungsten carbide which are conceivable are still being found and among these new applications is its utilization in the medical field. Tungsten carbide is frequently used to make surgical instruments since it upgrades their exhibition and is likewise consumption safe. It adds to the life span and strength of the surgical apparatuses. The properties of tungsten carbide plating, similar to its capacity to be sharpened while keeping up with its hardness, advance well to the surgical industry.

Final Words:

Thus, the above-mentioned are the main applications of tungsten carbide coating. When carbon atoms and tungsten metal are combined, tungsten carbide coating is the result. It is a substance known as wc coating, and its most basic form is the form of a grey powder. You should get tungsten carbide coating for tools from a reputed company like Endurance Wear Solutions, which provides high-quality services.

[materiallugy]

What are the materials used in weapons manufacturing?

Materials used in weapons manufacturing are chosen based on their mechanical properties, durability, and suitability for specific applications. The materials used in weapons manufacturing are:

1. Alloys, including steel, aluminum, titanium, nickel, and cooper. 2. Composites, including carbon fiber, glass fiber, and kevlar. 3. Ceramics, including alumina, silicon carbide, and boron carbide. 4. Polymers, including polyamide, polycarbonate, and polyethylene. 5. Specialized Coatings and Treatments, including ceramic coatings, teflon coatings, and phosphate coatings. 6. Explosives and Propellants, including RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine), TNT (Trinitrotoluene), and composite propellants. 7. Electronic and Semiconductor Materials, including silicon, and gallium nitride (GaN).

Alloys

High-Strength Steel - Commonly used in the manufacturing of 

Barrels: The main component of a firearm, responsible for propelling projectiles.

Receivers: The housing for the firearm's action, holding essential components.

Slides (pistols): The moving part that houses the barrel and holds ammunition.

Frames (pistols): The base of the handgun, supporting other components.

Bolts and carriers (rifles): Components involved in the firing cycle.

Springs: Essential for firearm operation, providing recoil and return forces.

Steels like 4140, 4340, and maraging steel are known for their toughness, high yield strength, and resistance to wear.............

[reasoningdaily]

Children still mining cobalt for gadget batteries in Congo

A CBS News investigation of child labor in cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo has revealed that tens of thousands of children are growing up without a childhood today – two years after a damning Amnesty report about human rights abuses in the cobalt trade was published. The Amnesty report first revealed that cobalt mined by children was ending up in products from prominent tech companies including Apple, Microsoft, Tesla and Samsung. 

There's such sensitivity around cobalt mining in the DRC that a CBS News team traveling there recently was stopped every few hundred feet while moving along dirt roads and seeing children digging for cobalt. From as young as 4 years old, children can pick cobalt out of a pile, and even those too young to work spend much of the day breathing in toxic fumes.

What's life like for kids mining cobalt for our gadgets?

So, what exactly is cobalt, and what are the health risks for those who work in the DRC's cobalt mining industry?

What is cobalt?

Cobalt – a naturally occurring element –  is a critical component in lithium-ion, rechargeable batteries. In recent years, the growing global market for portable electronic devices and rechargeable batteries has fueled demand for its extraction, Amnesty said in its 2016 report. In fact, many top electronic and electric vehicle companies need cobalt to help power their products.

The element is found in other products as well.

"Cobalt-containing products include corrosion and heat-resistant alloys, hard metal (cobalt-tungsten-carbide alloy), magnets, grinding and cutting tools, pigments, paints, colored glass, surgical implants, catalysts, batteries, and cobalt-coated metal (from electroplating)," says the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

More than half of the world's supply of cobalt comes from the DRC, and 20 percent of that is mined by hand, according to Darton Commodities Ltd., a London-based research company that specializes in cobalt.  

Health risks of chronic exposure 

According to the CDC, "chronic exposure to cobalt-containing hard metal (dust or fume) can result in a serious lung disease called 'hard metal lung disease'" – a kind of pneumoconiosis, meaning a lung disease caused by inhaling dust particles. Inhalation of cobalt particles can cause respiratory sensitization, asthma, decreased pulmonary function and shortness of breath, the CDC says.

The health agency says skin contact is also a significant health concern "because dermal exposures to hard metal and cobalt salts can result in significant systemic uptake." 

"Sustained exposures can cause skin sensitization, which may result in eruptions of contact dermatitis," a red, itchy skin rash, the CDC says.

Despite the health risks, researchers with Amnesty International found that most cobalt miners in Congo lack basic protective equipment like face masks, work clothing and gloves. Many of the miners the organization spoke with for its 2016 report – 90 people in total who work, or worked, in the mines – complained of frequent coughing or lung problems. Cobalt mining's dangerous impact on workers and the environment

Some women complained about the physical nature of the work, with one describing hauling 110-pound sacks of cobalt ore. "We all have problems with our lungs, and pain all over our bodies," the woman said, according to Amnesty.

Moreover, miners said unsupported mining tunnels frequently give way, and that accidents are common.  

Miners know their work is dangerous, Todd C. Frankel wrote late last month in The Washington Post. 

"But what's less understood are the environmental health risks posed by the extensive mining," he reported. "Southern Congo holds not only vast deposits of cobalt and copper but also uranium. Scientists have recorded alarming radioactivity levels in some mining regions. Mining waste often pollutes rivers and drinking water. The dust from the pulverized rock is known to cause breathing problems. The mining industry's toxic fallout is only now being studied by researchers, mostly in Lubumbashi, the country's mining capital."

"These job are really desired"

Despite the dangers and risks of working as miners in the cobalt industry, at least of the some miners in the Congo "love their jobs," according to Frankel.

"When I talked to the miners there, none of them want to lose their jobs or give up their jobs. They love their jobs," Frankel said Tuesday, speaking on CBSN. "In a country like Congo, mining is one of the few decently paying jobs to be had there, and so they want to hold onto these jobs."

They also want fair treatment, decent pay, and some safety, "and they would love for their kids to not work in the mines," he said.

"It's a poverty problem," Frankel said. "These parents I talked to – they don't want their kids working in these mines. The problem is that their school fees – schools cost money, and you know, food costs money, and they sort of need their kids to work in there."

Poverty also drives children into the mines instead of school – an estimated 40,000 of them work in brutal conditions starting at very young ages.

The thousands of miners who work in tunnels searching for cobalt in the country "do it because they live in one of the poorest countries in the world, and cobalt is valuable," Frankel wrote in the Washington Post article.

"Not doing enough" 

CBS News spoke with some of the companies that use cobalt in their lithium-ion batteries. All of the companies acknowledged problems with the supply chain, but said they require suppliers to follow responsible sourcing guidelines. Apple, an industry leader in the fight for responsible sourcing, said walking away from the DRC "would do nothing to improve conditions for the people or the environment."

Read company responses here

Amnesty said in November, however, that "major electronics and electric vehicle companies are still not doing enough to stop human rights abuses entering their cobalt supply chains." 

"As demand for rechargeable batteries grows, companies have a responsibility to prove that they are not profiting from the misery of miners working in terrible conditions in the DRC," the organization said. "The energy solutions of the future must not be built on human rights abuses."

An estimated two-thirds of children in the region of the DRC that CBS News visited recently are not in school. They're working in mines instead. 

CBS News' Debora Patta spoke with an 11-year-old boy, Ziki Swaze, who has no idea how to read or write but is an expert in washing cobalt. Every evening, he returns home with a dollar or two to provide for his family.

"I have to go and work there," he told Patta, "because my grandma has a bad leg and she can't."

He said he dreams of going to school, but has always had to work instead.

"I feel very bad because I can see my friends going to school, and I am struggling," he said.

Amnesty says "it is widely recognized internationally that the involvement of children in mining constitutes one of the worst forms of child labour, which governments are required to prohibit and eliminate."

[fromthedust]

Maud Mod lips - w.i.p. - another casting from the silicone mold done in plaster this time and the details of the lips re-carved. The porous plaster was sealed with multiple coats of clear acrylic both front and back and then painted with multiple coats of sandable red-oxide primer — dry-sanded between coats with 500 grit wet or dry silicon carbide paper. Just about ready to make another silicone mold of this revised version. Sometimes you just have to be a perfectionist.

[teecupangel]

Submitted by @saberamane

Just watched Roanoke Gaming (on youtube) video’s on the Spartan’s of Halo and how, realistically, their augmentation could be done/what would need to be done for the ‘super serum’ to work. And just…the angst and hurt/comfort of that would be so good if, say…Desmond were to go through that and then be magically poof'ed to AC??

Each of the ancestor’s would surely see different uses and advantages of such strength and enhancement’s…but also the pain of them? Both physical and mental? Desmond would need a lot of loving and comfort.

Some notes taken from the video’s and lore, so everyone is on the same page without necessarily needing to watch the videos-(though you should, they are very good.)

Skeletal Augmentations:

At 14, the Spartans were already over 6 foot tall due to overhauling the pituitary gland to induce puberty immediately to ‘flash grow’ them, making them grow taller than normal at an accelerated rate, which had the side effect of weakening the bones as they grew too rapidly for proficient calcium to be placed applied to the growing bones.

This lead to a surgery to 'correct’ the fragility. Basically the bone is 'shaved’ before a carbide ceramic coating was manually fused to the bones, giving them support. This was described as feeling like the bones were made of glass and then shattering inside the body. No more than 3% of the bone could be replaced or the surgery would fail.

Surviving the initial surgery did not mean it was successful. While healing the body was under extreme stress, and could lead to shock, cardiac or respiratory arrest, leading to death. With the bone 'shaved’ it would encourage your body to begin rebuilding the bone, making the bone grow around the new ceramic coating.

The bones, after healing, are nearly unbreakable, withstanding hundreds of thousands of pounds of pressure before breaking.

If the surgery fails because more than 3% of the bone was lost and you don’t die, you will become paralyzed or debilitated because your white blood cells will necroes, leading to septic shock that will eventually lead to the rest of the body being infected with the sepsis.

This surgery makes Spartan’s very heavy and leaves a lot of scarring, as the surgery is highly invasive.

Muscle Augmentation:

More and denser muscle fibers, leading to faster stamina recovery as well as more overall strength, from some sort of injection.

A side effect of this injection could lead to an enlarged heart in 5% of subjects.

The injection feels as though the veins have been injected with napalm and are being torn out of the skin.

The muscle augmentation without the bone augmentation would allow the subject to contract their muscle with so much force they’d shatter their own bones.

Neurological Augmentation:

Quicker and more efficient communication between neurons, leading to faster reaction times.

Subjects can nearly see things in 'slow motion’.

Reaction time is 20 milliseconds, movements seeming nothing but a blur to other unenhanced individuals.

Running 38 mph is an easy feat.

Migraines can be a recurring issue.

TL:DR

Desmond is basically super human, but he got that way with a lot of invasive surgery and trauma against his will.

=============================

teccup additions:

Roanoke Gaming has an entire playlist of Halo Lore and other videos if you’re curious.

For those not that familiar with Halo lore (which is understandable as Halo is a series that likes to put a lot of lore in the novels), the most famous of the Spartans, Master Chief, is a Spartan II. The games mostly focus on either Spartans from Spartan II (like Master Chief) or Spartan III (most members of Noble Team from Halo Reach are from SPARTAN III so if anyone wants to create a Halo x AC crossover that has Desmond be part of the Halo Universe first, you can put him as part of Spartan II or III training.

Either way, there are many ways to kick him to the AC verse but, on the top of my head, if you wish for Desmond to be part of the Halo verse before getting kicked into the AC verse:

The Isus could have been part of the Forerunners (an ancient species of extremely technologically advanced beings that had ruled over the milky way) and the Solar Flare hadn’t just hit the earth, it had hit EVERY part of the milky way by being the start of a chain reaction of every sun in the solar systems in the milky way.

Of course, we can keep the whole AC timeline intact with one caveat: the next Solar Flare would not happen in December 2012, it would happen in August of 2552 (if you want it to be a reference: August 12 would be Altaïr’s death day). This is an important month in Halo lore because this is the month when the Battle of Reach ended (which was one of the bloodiest campaigns during the Human-Covenant Wars (Covenants are the baddies who worship the Forerunners as gods so they’re kinda like alien-inclusive version of Juno’s Instruments of the First Bitch))

By setting it on the Battle of Reach, we will have the choice of letting Desmond be part of Master Chief’s storyline or of Noble Team’s storyline.

If we consider that the Calculations knew that Desmond would be in Reach during the time of the next Solar Flare, the device would be in Reach as well and the main point is to ensure Desmond gets to the Grand Temple there.

We can wave it off as there being Grand Temples all around the Milky Way, all connected to one another and Desmond has to activate one of them to activate all of them. Once all have been activated, the field will surround all planets with the Grand Temple (fertile planets filled with life) and will be spared from the chain reaction of Solar Flares.

Of course, this is not taking into consideration the possibility that the species in Halo lore haven’t noticed the incoming Solar Flare. To combat this and make Desmond have no choice, perhaps it’s something that only builds up towards the last few months (around maybe Feb or March?), not enough time to fully study it and combat it with confidence.

Anyway, the main point is that Desmond would come into contact with the Grand Temple in Reach and activate it.

From there, he will save the planets with a Grand Temple (but this does mean not all of the planets will be saved and any ships in space will not be saved as well) and he’ll be transported to whichever timeline you’d like him to be in AC.

Now, if you want a purely AC fic with the Spartan Augmentation added into the lore, we can go down this route:

The Great Purge happened when Desmond was 13 and the Farm will be hit

(Bonus drama: make Desmond have a fight with Bill who is trying to get them out and it ends with him running away but getting captured by Abstergo, hearing his mother screaming his name before the sounds of gunfire silenced her, replaced by screams all over the Farm)

Spartan II ‘subjects’ were 5 to 6 years old when they started their augmentation but Desmond was included in Abstergo’s own version of Spartan ‘training’ (either keep the name and make it something sort of an insult to Kassandra or make it a reference to Deimos who was technically Spartan or change the training name to something more ‘Templar-ish’) as an ‘experiment’.

He and the other Assassin children would be part of a special experiment to check if age is truly a factor in a subject’s surviving the augmentations.

Cross would have been a Spartan from an earlier iteration and he’s the first true success. He was augmented early (like around 5ish years old) and that’s how Abstergo decided they needed to experiment on different ages.

Assassin prisoners are free guinea pigs.

Of course, this means that Lucy is also part of the program as an innocent 12-year-old child. Perhaps even make her something like a sister to Desmond during their horrific augmentation, indoctrination, and training life together.

This would add more angst to the story if Lucy either dies during training or she is one of the successful Spartans who becomes loyal to Abstergo in the process, giving a more or less Cain and Abel setup between her and Desmond.

Either way, Desmond survives the training thanks to his higher-than-normal Isu genes and it’s because of his ‘abnormal’ gene makeup that Warren Vidic noticed him, taking him out of Spartan Training and making him become part of the Animus Project.

Same setup where Desmond relives his ancestors’ memories. AC1 plot ends with Bill being the one to rescue Desmond. From there, we go for the rest of Desmond Saga’s plotline which will end with Desmond using the device to save the world in 2012.

Lucy’s subplot, if we go for her living through the Spartan training, will end in Rome when she replaces Cross in the final showdown. Desmond will be the one to kill her and she dies in his arms. Whether they reconcile while she’s dying or she dies telling him that she hates him for leaving her will be up to you.

Either way, Desmond gets transported into his ancestor’s timeline after he uses the device.

Whichever setup you use, I believe that Desmond and his ancestors’ relationship would be similar in the sense that:

Altaïr would be the quickest to understand him because they have the most similar upbringing: children raised to be soldiers. Desmond would also recognize the Levantine Brotherhood’s rigid ranking system as familiar and would consider Altaïr as his team leader even if it’s only the two of them (Malik would be more or less his commanding officer)

Altaïr and Desmond’s relationship would be more akin to two puppets trying to be more than what their ‘masters’ expect them to be with Altaïr taking the lead as he’s more independent than Desmond who just accepts any orders given to him.

Ezio, on the other hand, would be the most awkward around him as he’s unsure of how to ‘handle’ Desmond. On the other hand, Desmond would totally be unsure of what to do when he’s around the Auditores and it would be easy for them to push him to stay and just… try to relax.

Ezio and Desmond’s relationship would be more akin to a ‘normal’ boy trying to befriend and understand a military kid. Ezio would most definitely spend his time trying to teach Desmond how to relax and have fun. (If this is an Ezio who knows who Desmond is thanks to Minerva’s recording, he’d also be the most protective)

Ratonhnhaké:ton would try to communicate to Desmond like he’s a wild animal at first because of how Desmond’s first solution to any problem they face is to kill the source but he’ll soon realize that Desmond isn’t acting like a wild animal but an abused one.

Ratonhnhaké:ton and Desmond’s relationship would be more akin to someone trying to help another person but not sure of how to do it. He also doesn’t have a similar support system as Ezio does and Achilles may do more harm than good thanks to his personality and how he handles his charges (ex: Ratonhnhaké:ton and Shay for different reason). Haytham is also a big red flag when it concerns Desmond as Haytham is a Templar.

[zyjcarbidejulia]

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[materialsscienceandengineering]

Scientists present diamond substrate coated with niobium carbide film for superconducting detectors

Diamonds are beautiful gemstones, which thanks to their shimmering sparkle and transparency look great in jewelry, but rough diamonds are much more interesting from a scientific point of view. The physical and chemical properties of diamond have made it a critical component for many devices in optics and electronics. One of the promising areas of research towards diamond technological applications is diamond surface metallization, which is used to give the diamond surface new characteristics such as superior thermal conductivity, good thermal stability, improved wettability, and its original physical and chemical properties. A group of scientists from Skoltech, the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and other leading scientific organizations have found a way to improve diamond adhesion—the bond between diamond and transition metal—using niobium. The study was published in the Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Read more.

[recoiloperated]

@secretwriterstudentjaune

literally nothing you said has been true since... 2008ish?

first- no. it doesn't become worthless after one hit. we've been using tile array plates for over a decade. the current standard is a 30mm octogon, looks like this:

as for hitting the edge of the tile? Nope. Still gonna stop it. The gap is tiny and the bullet, even if it hits *exactly* on the joint, will still be stopped. And each tile will stop a .30-06 AP round. Worst case you crack 2 and lose a total area of 1x2"

Silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, Ect. These are some of the hardest and most durable materials on earth. The NIJ test requires them to stop rounds after being dropped multiple times from 6+ feet (hold now) on a swing arm simulating you eating it in your plates at a sprint into cement. These aren't monolithic 2001 GWOT ICW alumina plates anymore. We're on 9th gen stand alone ceramics.

As for them not being lighter? Steel with a build up coat is 9.5lbs. A super duty level IV plate like the RMA 1155 are 8.3lbs for the same cut as the steel. That's a full pound and change. And The 1155 will stop literal all man portable threats. It will survivably stop a .338 Lapua.

A standard level IV plates like a highcom 4S16 is 6.5lbs. that's more than 3lbs lighter than my steels. And that's for identical coverage. 10x12. A light weight ceramic plate can get down to 4.8lbs.

Now got the final claim- rounds that will defeat steel will also defeat ceramics.

If they're both the same level, duh. Level III is level III. But I'm not using the same level plates. I'm comparing level III plates to level IV ceramics.

Steel doesn't even have price on its side because RMA 1155MC plates are NIJ certified level IV plates for $180 each, Hoplite has a bundle of 2 plates that are very similar for a similar price per plate ($375 total) and AR500 armor charges $180 for their build up level III armor.

RMA 1155's are the same price, almost a pound and a half lighter, come in multicurve, and stop much MUCH higher threats.

If you're fine with international components/Chinese plates, battle steel plates are 5.5lbs and $140

TLDR- your information is 15 years out of date. Stop being cringe and look at modern armor not the 20 year old dog water plates.

I'll leave you with this:

Multiple rifle hits against your body armor is God's way of telling you to make better life choices.

Buy ceramic plates and stop boomer posting about your chest mounted frag generators.

[strangemusictriumph]

UV LED Market - Forecast (2022 - 2027)

The market for UV LED is forecast to reach $1.2 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 20.3% from 2021 to 2026. The UV LED Market is estimated to witness a sustainable growth over the forecast period majorly because of the environment friendly features for use in various applications. Rise in Environmental concerns is one of the major driving factors of UV LED Market in global level. Moreover, with the ongoing governmental regulations in global market for deploying energy-efficient lightings such as LED lightings, which tend to create a major impact in the rapid adoption of UV LEDs. 

Ultraviolet light occurs between the visible and x-ray spectrums. The Ultraviolet wavelength range is specified between 100 nm to 400 nm which categorizes UV LEDs into three different types. However, many photoelectric manufacturers also consider wavelengths as high as 430 nm to be in the UV range. The replacement of CCFL with LEDs made of Silicon Carbide, Gallium Nitride and other materials will drive the demand in UV Curing and medical phototherapy applications.

UV LED Market Report Coverage

The report: “UV LED Market– Forecast (2021-2026)”, by IndustryARC covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the UV LED Market.

By Type – Ultraviolet A (UV-A), Ultraviolet B (UV-B) and Ultraviolet C (UV-C). By Wavelength Range – 430nm-315 nm (UV-A), 315nm-280 nm (UV-B) and 280nm-100 nm (UV-C). By Material – Indium gallium nitride (InGaN), Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP), Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), Gallium phosphide (GaP), Silicon Carbide (SiC), Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Others. By Applications – UV Curing, Adhesive Coating, Lacquer Coating, Sterilization, Forensic Application, In-Line Coating, Counterfeit Detection, Sensing and Others. By End-Use Industries – Healthcare, Research, Industrial, Residential, BFSI, Security and Others. By Geography - North America (U.S, Canada, Mexico), Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Netherlands and Others), APAC(China, Japan India, SK, Australia, Indonesia and Others), South America(Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and others), and RoW (Middle East and Africa).

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Key Takeaways

The UV LED Market is estimated to witness a sustainable growth over the forecast period because of the rising environmental concerns for adopting eco-friendly lighting systems at various industries. 

The other factor responsible for the growth of UV LED Market are the various environmental friendly features it offers to the sterilization industry and different disinfection processes such as of water, air and different surfaces.

In addition, increasing safety concerns over water-borne diseases have brought an increase in people's awareness of consuming treated water. The growing awareness of the benefits of treated water consumption has impacted the applications UV LED that tend to propel its market growth.  

The scope for a UV LED is becoming abundant in sterilization applications, as it is being proved to be one of the cheapest way to provide safe drinking water across the globe. This safety benefits are expected to enhance the demand of UV LEDs in global market further uplifting its market growth.  

UV LED Market Segment Analysis - By Type

Ultraviolet C (UV-C) has dominated the UV LED Market with a share of 46.5% in 2020. In general, UV-C LEDs have wavelength range of 275 nm (280-100 nm) and they are available in different power levels and styles. Offering different operations in various industries, UV-C is available in different light sources such as single, chip-on-board and strip module of different specifications. Longer strip lengths with higher outputs is one of the widely used type. LED's have been increasingly used in applications where UV lamps (mercury, xenon, amalgam, excimer) have operated for decades. Improvements in UV-LED flux density, stability and life hours have made UV LEDs a viable solution for replacing traditional UV light sources such as mercury arc lamps, arch lamps, hot and cold cathode lamps and grid lamps. UV LEDs are more environment friendly as they do not contain harmful mercury, they do not produce ozone and consume less energy as well. These major advantages uplift the demand of UV LEDs, particularly using Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride materials which is expected to propel its market growth in forecast period. UV-C LED usage is rapidly growing in applications such as germicidal (UVGI) for air, surface and water purification.

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UV LED Market Segment Analysis - By End Use Industry

UV LEDs are widely used for different Healthcare and Sterilization applications and are projected to grow at a CAGR of 23.4%. UV LED Curing uses light-emitting diodes which convert electrical current into light. When the electrical current flows through an LED, it gives off ultraviolet radiation. The ultraviolet light causes chemical reactions in the molecules within the liquid, forming chains of polymers until the liquid becomes a solid. This process is a new technology which was designed to provide solutions to many of the issues found in traditional UV curing and heat-set drying. UV LED curing offers all the benefits of traditional curing, and also provides solutions to the negative environmental impact. This new technology reduces heat radiation and offers instant on-and-off switching. UV LED curing also does not require the use of moving parts which further reduces the amount of energy required. All these advantages tend to boost its demand in Healthcare and Purification industries which uplift its market growth.

UV LED Market Segment Analysis - By Geography

Asia-Pacific accounts for being the highest market at 34.6% in 2020. The market growth in this region is predominantly rising due to leading economies such as China, India, Japan and Others. As Asia-Pacific region holds the largest population and is covered by largest ocean, the demand for freshwater has been high at different industrial as well as residential sectors. Thus, the demand for water sterilization and purification processes is of great extent. This demand enhances the market growth of UV LED in this region. According to World Bank Reports, investments done in water and sanitation in Asia-Pacific region is highest and has been increasing rapidly from $50M to $910M in recent years. These tend to propel the market growth of UV LEDs using Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride materials in forecast period as freshwater demand will always be high. Asia-Pacific is closely followed by North America in the UV LED Market growth due to presence of major market players in this region which provides technology upgrades in UV LEDs.

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UV LED Market Drivers

Rise in Environmental concerns drives market growth

With the rising Environmental concerns at global level, the adoption of UV LEDS for various applications in different industries tend to drive its market growth. LED's have been increasingly used in applications where UV lamps (mercury, xenon, amalgam, excimer) have operated for decades. Improvements in UV-LED flux density, stability and life hours have made UV LEDs a viable solution for replacing traditional UV light sources such as mercury arc lamps, arch lamps, hot and cold cathode lamps and grid lamps. With the rising Environmental concerns, the adoption of UV LEDs came into play. UV LEDs are more environment friendly as they do not contain harmful mercury, they do not produce ozone and consume less energy as well. These major advantages uplift the demand of UV LEDs which is expected to propel its market growth in forecast period. UV-C LEDs is rapidly growing in applications such as germicidal (UVGI) for air, surface and water purification. UV LED curing provides solutions to the negative environmental impact as it offers improved flux density, stability and long-life hours which makes UV LEDs a viable solution for replacing traditional UV light sources such as mercury arc lamps, arch lamps, hot and cold cathode lamps and grid lamps which drives its market growth in the forecast period.

UV LEDs offers compactness and long durability

UV LEDs do not contain toxic mercury and are often found in CCFL technology. They are much smaller and more durable than CCFLs and are more resistant to vibration and impact, resulting in less product breakage and reduced waste and maintenance expense as well. These advantages tend to drive its market growth in forecast period. The overall heat generated by the UV LEDs is considerably low. The UV LED lamps based on Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride materials reaches a maximum of 40 degree Celsius, whereas mercury lamps heat up to more than 60 degree Celsius. Low-pressure germicidal lamps which are traditionally used in these applications are typically associated with lifetime claims of 8000 to 10,000 hours. As a solid-state device, UV-C LEDs can be cycled on/off tens of thousands of times with little or no observable difference or degradation in performance. UV-C LEDs also offer a near-instant capability to provide full rated output, requiring no warmup time which makes it available for 25,000 to 100,000 hours. These advantages tend to drive its market growth in global market.

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UV LED Market Challenges

High Installation Cost

One of the major challenges faced by UV LED Market globally is the high installation cost. UV LEDs are comparatively costlier than other alternatives. This tend to restrain its demand of UV LEDs thus bringing major challenge in its market growth. Several other challenges have been expected to hinder the market growth by hampering the adoption of UV LEDs using Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride materials, specifically for those in the UV-B (280nm – 315nm) and UV-C (100nm-280nm) spectral regions. LED manufacturers are struggling to improve the light output and efficiency while at the same time increases the reliability and useable life of the LED. Improvements are being made, but this has brought an exponential rise in the overall cost of these UV LEDs. This brings a major challenge in the market growth of UV LEDs in forecast period.

UV LED Market Landscape

Product launches, acquisitions, and R&D activities are key strategies adopted by players in the UV LED Market. The UV LED Market is dominated by major companies such as Lumileds Holding BV, Nordson Corporation, Seoul Viosys Co.Ltd., Honle UV America Inc., LG Innotek Co. Ltd, Halma Plc, Heraeus Holding Gmbh, Hnle Group, OSRAM, Koninklijke Philips N.V., Crystal IS, Sensor Electronic Technology, Phoseon Technology.

Acquisitions/Technology Launches/Partnerships

In January 2021, Sensor Electronic Technology (SETi) and Seoul Viosys, the leading global providers of UV LED technology and subsidiaries of Seoul Semiconductor, partnered together to launch their new Violeds technology that can quickly and effectively kill 99.437% of SARS-CoV-2 in less than one second. The testing was conducted in December 2020 through KR Biotech, a South Korea-based research institute specializing in sterilization testing of the new coronavirus.

In January 2021, OSRAM launched their new portable UV-C air purifier that fight against viruses and bacteria in this pandemic situation of Covid-19. The invisible, ultraviolet light destroys viruses and bacteria with a reliability of 99.9 percent.

For more Electronics Market reports, please click here

[holmesdentals]

The Essential Guide to Surgical Blades Precision Tools in Modern Medicine

Understanding Surgical Blade Classifications

When it comes to surgical precision, the choice of blade can make all the difference in procedural outcomes. In the United States, surgical blades are classified according to standardized numbering systems, with the most common being numbers 10, 11, 12, 15, and 20. Each number corresponds to a specific blade shape and size, designed for particular surgical applications. For instance, the #15 blade, with its small curved cutting edge, is particularly popular in dental procedures and delicate soft tissue work. These classifications ensure that medical professionals across the country can reliably select the right tool for their specific needs.

Materials and Manufacturing Excellence

Modern surgical blades are primarily crafted from high-grade stainless steel or carbon steel, with advanced manufacturing processes ensuring exceptional sharpness and durability. Leading manufacturers in the US employ strict quality control measures that meet FDA requirements and ISO standards. The most commonly used material is martensitic stainless steel, which offers an optimal balance of hardness and corrosion resistance. Advanced coating technologies, such as platinum and chromium carbide, are increasingly being applied to enhance blade performance and longevity. These coatings can significantly reduce friction during incisions and improve the blade's resistance to dulling.

Safety Protocols and Handling Guidelines

In American healthcare facilities, proper handling of surgical blades is paramount to maintaining both user safety and surgical sterility. Healthcare professionals must follow strict protocols for blade handling, including proper activation of safety mechanisms and appropriate disposal in designated sharps containers. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides comprehensive guidelines for surgical blade handling, emphasizing the importance of using safety scalpels or blade removers to prevent needlestick injuries. Training programs across US medical institutions regularly update staff on the latest safety protocols and best practices for blade handling and disposal.

Applications Across Medical Specialties

Surgical blades find applications across numerous medical specialties, from general surgery to specialized procedures in ophthalmology, dermatology, and dental surgery. In microsurgery, ultra-precise blades enable surgeons to perform intricate procedures with minimal tissue trauma. The veterinary sector also relies heavily on surgical blades, with specific designs catering to animal surgery requirements. The versatility of these tools has led to continuous innovation in blade design, with manufacturers developing specialized variations for emerging surgical techniques and minimally invasive procedures.

A Trusted Partner in Surgical Solutions: Holmes Dental

As a leading supplier of dental and surgical supplies in the United States, Holmes Dental has established itself as a reliable source for high-quality surgical blades and related instruments. With decades of experience serving the medical community, Holmes Dental understands the critical importance of providing precise, reliable tools for healthcare professionals. Our comprehensive range of surgical blades includes options for every dental and surgical application, backed by our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. We work closely with manufacturers who maintain the highest standards of production and sterilization, ensuring that every blade we supply meets or exceeds industry standards. For dental professionals seeking dependable surgical instruments, Holmes Dental continues to be a trusted partner, offering competitive pricing, expert guidance, and unwavering support for all your surgical blade needs. Contact our team today to learn more about our selection of premium surgical blades and how we can support your practice's requirements.

[jasmight69]

Leading Manufacturers of Precision Carbide Cutting Tools for Industry

Discover top-quality carbide cutting tools from Suncoast Precision Tools, trusted manufacturers renowned for durable and precise performance in demanding machining tasks. Shop now for excellence in craftsmanship.

[me-amaraja]

Retro-Reflective Materials Market Innovations in Technology and Product Development

Retro-Reflective Materials Market Growth Strategic Market Overview and Growth Projections

The global retro-reflective materials market size was valued at USD 59.1 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach a value of USD 153.6 billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 11.2 % during the forecast period (2023-2031).

The latest Global Retro-Reflective Materials Market by straits research provides an in-depth analysis of the Retro-Reflective Materials Market, including its future growth potential and key factors influencing its trajectory. This comprehensive report explores crucial elements driving market expansion, current challenges, competitive landscapes, and emerging opportunities. It delves into significant trends, competitive strategies, and the role of key industry players shaping the global Retro-Reflective Materials Market. Additionally, it provides insight into the regulatory environment, market dynamics, and regional performance, offering a holistic view of the global market’s landscape through 2032.

Competitive Landscape

Some of the prominent key players operating in the Retro-Reflective Materials Market are 

3M

American, and Efird

Asian Paints

Avery Dennison

Changzhou Hua R Sheng Reflective Material

Coats Group

Nippon Carbide Industries

ORAFOL Europe

Paiho Group

REFLOMAX.

Get Free Request Sample Report @ https://straitsresearch.com/report/retro-reflective-materials-market/request-sample

The Retro-Reflective Materials Market Research report delivers comprehensive annual revenue forecasts alongside detailed analysis of sales growth within the market. These projections, developed by seasoned analysts, are grounded in a deep exploration of the latest industry trends. The forecasts offer valuable insights for investors, highlighting key growth opportunities and industry potential. Additionally, the report provides a concise dashboard overview of leading organizations, showcasing their effective marketing strategies, market share, and the most recent advancements in both historical and current market landscapes.Global Retro-Reflective Materials Market: Segmentation

The Retro-Reflective Materials Market segmentation divides the market into multiple sub-segments based on product type, application, and geographical region. This segmentation approach enables more precise regional and country-level forecasts, providing deeper insights into market dynamics and potential growth opportunities within each segment.

By Technology Type

Ceramic Beads

Glass Beads

Micro-Prismatic

By Product Type

Films, Sheets and Tapes

Paints and Coatings

Others

By Application

Traffic Control and Work Zone

Safety Apparel

Automotive

Industrial

Others

Stay ahead of the competition with our in-depth analysis of the market trends!

Buy Now @ https://straitsresearch.com/buy-now/retro-reflective-materials-market

Market Highlights:

A company's revenue and the applications market are used by market analysts, data analysts, and others in connected industries to assess product values and regional markets.

But not limited to: reports from corporations, international Organization, and governments; market surveys; relevant industry news.

Examining historical market patterns, making predictions for the year 2022, as well as looking forward to 2032, using CAGRs (compound annual growth rates)

Historical and anticipated data on demand, application, pricing, and market share by country are all included in the study, which focuses on major markets such the United States, Europe, and China.

Apart from that, it sheds light on the primary market forces at work as well as the obstacles, opportunities, and threats that suppliers face. In addition, the worldwide market's leading players are profiled, together with their respective market shares.

Goals of the Study

What is the overall size and scope of the Retro-Reflective Materials Market market?

What are the key trends currently influencing the market landscape?

Who are the primary competitors operating within the Retro-Reflective Materials Market market?

What are the potential growth opportunities for companies in this market?

What are the major challenges or obstacles the market is currently facing?

What demographic segments are primarily targeted in the Retro-Reflective Materials Market market?

What are the prevailing consumer preferences and behaviors within this market?

What are the key market segments, and how do they contribute to the overall market share?

What are the future growth projections for the Retro-Reflective Materials Market market over the next several years?

How do regulatory and legal frameworks influence the market?

About Straits Research

Straits Research is dedicated to providing businesses with the highest quality market research services. With a team of experienced researchers and analysts, we strive to deliver insightful and actionable data that helps our clients make informed decisions about their industry and market. Our customized approach allows us to tailor our research to each client's specific needs and goals, ensuring that they receive the most relevant and valuable insights.

Contact Us

Email: sales@straitsresearch.com 

Tel: UK: +44 203 695 0070, USA: +1 646 905 0080

[tyrolitconstruction]

Concrete Grinder vs. Concrete Scarifier

Navigating the Essentials of Concrete Surface Preparation

Concrete preparation is pivotal in various construction and renovation projects, encompassing tasks from large-scale industrial applications to precise residential improvements. Essential tools for such tasks are the concrete grinder and the concrete scarifier, each designed to handle specific aspects of concrete surface preparation. While they might seem similar at first glance, understanding their distinct functionalities can significantly influence the efficiency and outcome of your projects. This detailed comparison delves into the operational nuances of concrete grinders and scarifiers, helping you make an informed decision.

Understanding Concrete Grinders and Their Precision

A concrete grinder is a versatile tool for various surface preparation tasks, including polishing, smoothing, and cleaning. Tyrolit’s concrete grinders are equipped with diamond-tipped segments, making them ideal for achieving a fine finish and preparing concrete surfaces for subsequent treatments or installations. These machines excel in precision and are particularly useful for projects requiring detailed attention to surface texture and finish.

Detailed Features of Concrete Grinders

Concrete grinders are designed to operate at a shallow level, typically removing up to 2-3mm per pass. This capability makes them excellent for:

Removing Surface Imperfections: Such as smoothing out bumps and minor irregularities that could compromise the quality of flooring installations.

Polishing Concrete: Transforming a standard concrete floor into a brilliantly smooth, high-gloss surface, often seen in showrooms and residential living spaces.

Preparing for Coatings: Ensuring that paints, epoxies, and other coatings adhere properly to the floor, which is important for both aesthetics and durability.

Concrete grinders’ versatility extends to their design. Models range from smaller, hand-held devices ideal for tight spaces and detailed work to larger, walk-behind machines capable of covering extensive surface areas efficiently. The Tyrolit FGE400, for instance, is a robust model designed for comprehensive concrete preparation, capable of easily handling residential and commercial projects.

Operational Flexibility and Applications

Concrete grinders are not limited to merely polishing; they are also equipped to handle various surface textures and conditions. Whether it’s removing old paint, cleaning stains, or preparing surfaces for new materials, these grinders are up to the task. The choice of diamond grit plays a crucial role in determining the outcome, with coarser grits used for more intensive removal and finer grits for a polished finish.

Furthermore, integrating dust extraction systems with models like Tyrolit’s grinders ensures a clean working environment, which is crucial for health and operational efficiency. This feature is particularly important in enclosed spaces or urban environments where dust accumulation could pose significant health risks.

What is a Concrete Scarifier?

Contrasting sharply with grinders, concrete scarifiers are aggressive tools designed to tackle more robust and demanding tasks. These machines use a rotating drum equipped with tungsten carbide cutters to tear through concrete, making them ideal for removing thicker layers and correcting more substantial surface damage.

The Robust Nature of Concrete Scarifiers

Tyrolit’s concrete scarifiers are engineered for tasks that require deep cutting and heavy material removal. They can penetrate deeper into the concrete surface than grinders, typically removing layers as thick as a 6mm per pass. This capability makes scarifiers particularly effective for:

Removing Durable Coatings: Such as thick epoxies, worn-out sealants, or stubborn adhesives that a grinder cannot efficiently tackle.

Leveling Concrete: Addressing more pronounced unevenness in concrete slabs might include correcting faulted concrete joints or smoothing out heaved panels.

Creating Traction: Scarifiers can also texture concrete surfaces to increase slip resistance, which is essential in industrial environments or outdoor areas exposed to the elements.

Both concrete scarifiers and grinders play crucial roles in construction and renovation, offering the flexibility to address various project sizes, concrete conditions, and desired surface finishes. As we continue to explore the capabilities and applications of these tools, it becomes evident that the choice between a concrete grinder and a scarifier is not just about power but about precision and suitability for the task at hand.

Comparing the Depth and Impact of Concrete Scarifiers and Grinders

While grinders and scarifiers are pivotal for effective concrete surface preparation, their operational impact and depth of engagement with the concrete vary significantly. This section dives deeper into how these tools differ in their approach and the specific scenarios where each tool excels.

Deeper Engagement with Concrete Scarifiers

Concrete scarifiers are designed for aggressive and deep removal of concrete. These machines use sharp, durable cutting wheels on a rotating drum to chip away at the concrete surface. This method is not just about smoothing; it’s about restructuring, making scarifiers ideal for major corrective work on concrete surfaces.

Applications of scarifiers include:

Major Resurfacing Projects: Where substantial corrections are required to remove large bumps or surface deformities.

Groove Creation: For traction to slip-prone surfaces, especially in industrial or high-traffic areas.

Full Depth Repair: Removing entire sections of damaged concrete to prepare for complete resurfacing.

Scarifiers’ power and depth of cut make them invaluable for large-scale projects or those requiring significant surface alterations. This capability allows them to handle tougher jobs that grinders cannot manage without multiple passes and increased wear on tooling.

Precision and Polish with Concrete Grinders

Conversely, concrete grinders are about finesse and finishing. They gently graze the surface, polishing and smoothing without digging deeply into the concrete. This makes grinders perfect for final surface preparations before painting or sealing or for achieving the polished look required in showrooms and homes.

Specific uses of concrete grinders include:

Polishing: Achieving a mirror-like finish on concrete floors that reflect light and enhance the aesthetics of a space.

Coating Preparation: Creating a smooth surface ensures coatings adhere well and last longer.

Surface Smoothing: Minor adjustments to eliminate small surface imperfections and ensure uniformity across large areas.

Grinders are also incredibly beneficial for maintaining the integrity of the concrete. By not removing substantial layers, they preserve the strength and longevity of the surface, which is crucial for structural stability and durability.

Choosing Between a Grinder and a Scarifier

Deciding whether to use a concrete grinder or a scarifier often comes down to the specific requirements of your project:

Depth of Material Removal Needed: A scarifier is your best bet if your project requires substantial concrete removal or surface correction. A grinder is more appropriate for projects that need a light touch, such as surface smoothing or polishing.

Desired Surface Finish: Consider what the final surface should look like. A scarifier can provide a textured finish for safety and traction. A grinder is necessary for a smooth, polished surface.

Project Size and Scope: Larger, more extensive projects might benefit from a scarifier’s rapid material removal capabilities. Smaller, more detailed projects or those in confined spaces better suit the precision of a grinder.

Using both tools in sequence might be the best approach for comprehensive project needs. Start with a scarifier to handle heavy material removal and major levelling, followed by a grinder to refine and polish the surface. This combination ensures optimal preparation and finishing, providing a surface that is visually appealing and structurally sound.

Conclusion: Maximising Efficiency and Effectiveness

Whether you opt for a concrete grinder or a scarifier, Tyrolit provides top-quality machines that guarantee effective results. Visit our floor grinding and scarifier product pages to explore options that align with your project requirements. With the right tools, you can tackle any concrete surface preparation challenge, ensuring your projects meet and exceed expectations.

[etimaterials-blog]

What are the applications for niobium products?

Niobium product is dominated by its use as additive to high strength low alloy steel and stainless steel for oil and gas pipelines, car and truck bodies, architectural requirements, tool steels, ships hulls, railroad tracks. However, there are many other applications for niobium metal and compounds.

Niobium product application & technical benefits Niobium oxide - Manufacture lithium niobate for surface acoustic wave filters - Camera lenses - Coating on glass for computer screens - Ceramic capacitors - High index of refraction - High dielectric constant - Increase light transmittance

Niobium carbide -Cutting tool compositions -High temperature deformation, controls grain growth

Niobium powder -Niobium capacitors for electronic circuits -High dielectric constant, stability of oxide dielectric

Niobium metal plates, sheets, wire, rod, tubing                                                       

- Sputtering targets - Cathode protection systems for large steel structures - Chemical processing equipment -Corrosion resistance, formation of oxide and nitride films. Increase in high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, improved creep resistance, reduced erosion at high temperatures.

Niobium-titanium alloy Niobium-tin alloy Superconducting magnetic coils in magnetic resonance imagery (MRI), magnetoencephalography, magnetic levitation transport systems, particle physics experiments. Electrical resistance of alloy wire drops to virtually zero at or below temperature of liquid helium (-268.8°C).

Niobium-1% zirconium alloy - Sodium vapor lamps - Chemical processing equipment -Corrosion resistance, fixation of oxygen, resistance to embrittlement. -Vacuum-grade ferro-niobium and nickel-niobium -Superalloy additions for turbine blade applications in jet engines and land-based turbines.

Inconel family of alloys, superalloys. Increase in high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, improved creep resistance, reduced erosion at high temperatures.

https://www.etimaterials.org/niobium/

https://www.edge-techind.com/Products/Refractory-Metals/Niobium/Niobium-Alloys/Niobium-Zirconium-Alloy-179-1.html