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What is Hashimoto? What are the symptoms and treatment methods? 2023

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What is Hashimoto? What are the symptoms and treatment methods? 2023

The thyroid gland, an endocrine gland located just below the neck and resembling a butterfly, provides the secretion of thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone plays an important role in maintaining the body’s energy balance, regulating body temperature and healthy functioning of organs such as muscles, brain and heart. In the case of the disease called Hashimoto or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, problems occur in the functioning of the thyroid gland. The disease, first described by the Japanese scientist Akira Hashimoto in 1912, is one of the most important causes of hypothyroidism. This disease is almost 90% caused by Hashimoto.

What is Hashimoto?

In Hashimoto, a serious autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks healthy cells, causing the thyroid gland to secrete less. In this disease, the body produces high levels of anti-thyroglobulin and anti-TPO antibodies to eliminate the thyroid gland. The antibodies bind to the thyroid gland and begin to destroy the cells. At the same time, a large number of inflammatory cells accumulate in the thyroid gland, and thyroid cells are damaged, causing decreases in thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland shrinks and hormone deficiency occurs because a sufficient amount of hormone cannot be synthesized. In the first period of the disease, patients experience a mild goiter and while TSH, T3 and T4 hormones in the blood are normal, anti-TPO antibodies are high. As the disease progresses, mild thyroid hormone deficiency turns into thyroid insufficiency.

What are the symptoms of Hashimoto?

Hashimoto’s disease has no clinical findings and the symptoms seen are not specific to the disease. In general, symptoms such as weight gain, constipation, change in voice, blackness, fatigue, easy cold, and dry skin are common. However, since these symptoms are seen in many diseases, the diagnosis of the disease is difficult. In addition to these symptoms;

menstrual irregularities

growth in language

irritability

Depression

Anorexia

pale skin color

Swelling under the eyes and on the face

slow speech

concentration disorder

Forgetfulness and slowness of movement

Symptoms such as a decrease in heart rate may also be observed.

In the progression of the disease, low sodium in the blood, decreased sexual desire, milk coming from the chest, sleep apnea, carpal tunnel syndrome, fluid accumulation in the lung and heart membranes can be observed. Generally, people with Hashimoto’s have high blood cholesterol levels, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. In some advanced cases of Hashimoto, there may be fluid accumulation in the abdomen, lungs and pericardium.

What are the causes of Hashimoto?

Hashimoto’s disease is more common in some risk groups.

smokers _

pregnant women

Those with a family history of Hashimoto

Those with autoimmune disorders such as Type 1 diabetes, Vitiligo, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Pernicious Anemia, Lupus, Celiac Disease, Addison’s Disease and hepatitis are risky groups for Hashimoto’s disease.

The risk of developing Hashimoto’s disease is about 8 times higher in women than in men. Although it can be seen at any age, it is more common especially in the young and middle age group. It is recommended that women with recurrent miscarriages and stillbirths, those with high prolactin levels, those with high cholesterol and those with unexplained anemia should be checked for the possibility of Hashimoto’s.

What are the Hashimoto treatment methods?

Treatment of the diseaseUsually, drug therapy is used. Regular exercise and an adequately balanced diet along with the use of medication increase the success of the treatment. If the hormone values ​​are normal in the blood tests, the course of the disease is monitored by the doctor along with regular diet and exercise. If signs of hypothyroidism are found, treatment with Hashimoto’s appropriate drug containing levothyroxine is administered. These drugs, usually in pill form, taken on an empty stomach, are synthetic thyroid hormones and mimic the thyroid gland. Since they cannot prevent the immune system from attacking the body, these drugs may be used for life. After the drugs are used for 6-8 weeks, the blood test is done again and the appropriate doses of the drug are determined for the patient.

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