#but with how widespread the name misconception is i have to wonder if a lot of people making fan content of him

[sonknuxadow]

Oooh you want to know what bit of misinformation about Sonic that really upsets me? Nearly everything about Fleetway Super Sonic.

Fleetway Super Sonic isn't its own transformation, it's Fleetway comics take on Sonic's standard Super form and. Fleetway Super Sonic is never even called that in Sonic the Comic and is just called Super Sonic even when Super Sonic became a separate character than actual Sonic. However there is alot of people who say that Fleetway Super Sonic is basically the original Dark Super Sonic and even will have Super Sonic introduce himself as Fleetway is fics when he really shouldn't.

ohhh i was just thinking about this not too long ago . to be honest this is kinda a sonic fandom pet peeve of mine like yeah i understand calling him fleetway super sonic as a way of making it clear which super sonic youre talking about because stc's take on super sonic is very different from any other version of the transformation. but i see so many people talk about him as if fleetway is like. his in universe name ? when fleetway is just the name of the comic company ? ive never even read stc and i knew that. overall its harmless but it still makes me go Okay but thats not correct .

[ceaselesswatchersspecialboy]

Offering an NPD perspective on Ford Pines, because I feel the most common discussions surrounding his narcissistic traits tends to go in two ways — from what I’ve personally seen — and that’s defending him, and denying the mere possibility he may have NPD because it’s seen as a negative, or using NPD as a way to villainise him, and thus demonise NPD. Or, the alternative, this part of his character is completely overlooked.

That isn’t to say I haven’t seen some wonderful analyses on Ford and NPD, rather, I find it surprisingly lacking when his character might be some of the best representation of my own experience struggling with narcissism (alongside Bill).

I believe a lot of it stems from the misconception and stigma around NPD, and the fact Ford goes again common, typically incorrect, ideas, such as showing genuine care for other people, and accepting his failures and where he went wrong in the end, trying to repair his relationship with Stan, and realising that he doesn’t need to be recognised worldwide, as he’s found happiness with his family instead. All of these do not correlate with the media idea of a narcissist, but the fact is, narcissists are no different from any other disorder or mental health issue. We come in all different forms, and the idea we are inherently abusive or evil is such a widespread misconception that it becomes difficult getting help or support.

And that’s why I find Ford so important.

This alone, to me, describes in simple words how it feels to deal with NPD, and though you could argue Bill is projecting here, I think the point is they’re so similar, the lines blur. Both struggle with this same mentality, but Ford is able to reach out, and accept help, and Bill lets himself sink deeper and deeper into his own lies. Also, I’d argue it isn’t Bill projecting, because we sees evidence of this behaviour in Ford in the show and the journal.

He’s someone who believes himself destined for greatness, and won’t accept the bare minimum, such as when Fiddleford suggests he publish his research as is — No, he can’t have that. He has to be the one to uncover this grand theory. He has to have his name cemented amongst the greats. He believes himself to be special, different and more capable than other people, and yet he longs for the company of others all the same. He lives off of validation and praise, and strives for it, his own ego clashing against his lack of self-worth. Bill’s manipulations work on him because Ford eats up this sort of validation — it’s like one big high. It’s confirmation he is special. He is meant for greater things. He was right.

Ford notably struggles with empathy, which is likely both related to his autism, and also his narcissism. Other people simply don’t make sense to him. It takes effort for him to be able to understand people where they’re at, and he is willing to put in that effort notably, taking note of Fiddleford’s habits for example.

He also does struggle with manipulation and being deeply self-centred. A great example being Dipper’s apprenticeship. Ford is very subtly manipulating the situation here, and he doesn’t even notice, which is, in my own experience, common with NPD. He’s also unable to see Dipper and Mabel as, well, Dipper and Mabel, rather putting his own issues with Stan onto them, especially Dipper. He sees Dipper as a younger version of himself, and is trying to point him in that direction, never thinking whether it’s actually right for Dipper, or whether it’s for himself.

I could probably go on, like how he tends to have a black and white view of people, with his opinions on them easily flicking between extremes as a method of coping, or how he panics at the idea of his life’s work being destroyed, despite knowing the dangers.

Whether you agree he has NPD or not, Ford definitely has a lot of narcissistic traits, and yet, despite that, despite every mistake he’s made, everyone he’s pushed away, he gets a second chance. He gets to be loved and understood. He finds happiness. He gets to recover.

It’s very rare that characters with so many narcissistic traits get endings like that!

Ford is not a bad person because he’s a narcissist, he’s just a person, one who’s fucked up, and who’s still learning, and still healing, and that’s why he works. That’s why he’s such a comfort.

On a final note, If you are someone who’s going to argue vehemently against this idea, I kindly ask you simply scroll by!

[booksandabeer]

Stucky, Fandom Longevity, and "Primacy Bias"

There’s this post that's been floating around the past few days about how the Stucky fandom in its heyday produced fic and art masterpieces like they were all collectively possessed by an unprecedented spirit of creative insanity. It’s a good, fun post and I agree with the person who wrote it. (not rb'ing because I didn't want to hijack their post with something that's only tangentially related).

It was indeed a magical time and the creative output in both quantity and quality in the two-year period following the release of CA:TWS is—with perhaps a few exceptions—unmatched by anything that I’ve seen before and since. However, going through the notes on that post, I noticed something that left me a little irritated and quite frankly sad since it is in congruence with, and to a certain extent the confirmation of something that I’ve been thinking about a lot lately.

For one thing, there are so many people in the notes expressing sentiments along the lines of “it was such a wonderful time; I wish I could go back; I miss these fics; I want to read these fics again,” etc., etc., you get it. And it feels a little silly pointing this out, but…you can just do that? Almost all of these fics are still right there, waiting for you to be (re)read. Yes, a lot of people left the fandom after The Great Devastation of 2019, but their stories didn’t just disappear. It's not like there is now a big, black hole where the Steve/Bucky tag used to be on AO3. So, if you miss these fics and you want to revisit them—just do it. Chances are the authors will be delighted that people are still finding and enjoying their stories all these years later. And—since apparently this needs saying, too, judging from the notes on that post: A lot of people seem to be very concerned with losing ‘coolness points’ for openly admitting that they still miss the ship and often feel tempted to dip their toes back into the Stucky pool. I don’t know how to tell you this, but if someone tries to shame you for simply enjoying or missing something, they are an asshole. Not to mention that all this is happening on tumble.com—'coolness' doesn't exactly live here. And that is a good thing, to be clear. Fandom is not about being cool. It’s about being as enthusiastic, as silly, as absolutely fucking unhinged about the things you love as you want to be. So, stop caring what other people think and enjoy yourself.

The other thing is that there seems to be a pretty widespread misconception that the Stucky fandom hasn’t produced any good fanworks after 2016.

First, that is patently and demonstrably untrue. There is so much incredibly good fanfiction and fanart still out there. Not as much as back in the day, sure, but it still exists. And more is being posted every day! Even some of the OG Big Names are still around. One of the most beloved Stucky series that started all the way back in 2014 was updated as recently as December of last year. The artist, who I believe the op is referring to as creating ‘baroque’ paintings, posted their latest Stucky art not even two months ago.

Second, I find this “primacy bias” more than just a little insulting to the many hardworking and incredibly talented people who are still putting their blood, sweat, and tears into creating for this community. And it’s one thing if people who have long left the fandom believe or say something like this, but it’s frankly irritating when I see people who are still very much active—and therefore definitely should know better—feed into that same false myth. Yes, it sucks that the Stucky ship isn’t as big as it used to be, but that doesn't mean there isn't any 'fresh talent' to be found anymore. I’m also not saying we shouldn’t still celebrate and recommend older works—I do it all the time! And it sure as hell doesn't mean everyone has to reblog absolutely everything all the time, either. Your blog, your rules.

But maybe we should put a little more focus on the good things, on the creators and the community we have now, especially if we want that community to still exist in another ten years. I mean, imagine you’re a person who’s just gotten into the fandom (because yes, there are indeed still new people discovering Stucky all the time) and one of the first things you’re being told is “eh, nice that you're here, but you’re about 7 years late; the big party is already over.” Does that seem like a fun space to hang out in to you?

So. Let’s all—and I do not exclude myself from this because God knows, I love to complain—spend a little less time mourning the ‘good old days’ that are never coming back anyway, and instead focus our attention on enjoying and appreciating both the incredible treasure chest of an archive we have AND the wealth of high-quality art and fic that is still being created by this wonderful community every single day. With this in mind:

🥳🎊Happy Stucky Week 2023!!! 🎊🥳

*I want to make it very clear that this is a general thing that’s been on my mind lately and that I’m trying to work through here—probably not very coherently. I'm not trying to tell anybody 'how to do fandom' and I’m most definitely not vagueposting about any particular incident, person, or group in this fandom. This isn’t a callout post. It’s an I have a lot of thoughts and feelings about this and I don’t know what else do with them post.

[thelonelyrainbowguy]

The Not-Shooting at DC Pride 2019

This is the story of the shooting that didn't happen. Not because it was going to happen and was thwarted, but because everyone thought there had been a shooting and there wasn't. Why did everyone think there was? Because everyone in this country who has any sense is terrified.

We watch on the news, every day it seems, as children cry, families grieve, candles are lit, and names are recited in mournful reverence. Guns are more important than lives, because what do children matter when one needs to prepare for the rise of the terrifying libtards, crying equality and demanding that everyone has a right to basic human decency?

I was in Washington DC on Saturday, June 8th, for the Pride parade. My friends and I were having a wonderful time, save for annoyances like a broken escalator on the way out of DuPont Metro Station. We were all decked out in our brightest rainbow clothing, perhaps with more skin showing than usual, and face paint in the colors of our identity flags. Everyone we met there was queer, stoned, or both, and all were happy and having fun.

Near the end of the parade, my group of friends and I set off for a bar a few blocks away. Some of us were overstimulated, and we were all tired, but we were still happy, and enjoying one anothers' company.

Then there was a commotion behind us, from DuPont Circle, as we walked down 19th Street; we turned around to look, and first there were a few people running down the street at full speed. I thought maybe they had stolen something or been in a fight, and were running from police—-but then more and more people surged toward us.

We didn't know what was going on, but I told everyone to run. At this point, every beat of my heart screamed shooting, shooting, shooting. I expected a bullet to hit me in the back at any moment.

As they ran past us, people shouted things like guns and shooting and hearing a pop-pop-pop.

I ran behind my friends, quelling the instinct to move any quicker, because I'd be damned if I'd let my friends be shot and not be able to say I'd at least tried to protect them. I wouldn't have been able to live with myself.

My friend had the same idea; she tried to get me to go ahead of her, but I refused, so we ran side by side, thrust along by the crowd pressing in behind us, until we reached what seemed a good distance away. The entire time, I was waiting for the rapid fire of a semi-automatic rifle, bracing myself for the impact.

It never came. We made it to the bar, showed our IDs, got inside, and then one of my friends broke down crying.

We comforted them, then predictably ordered drinks, trying to calm our nerves while waiting for any news, spasmodically refreshing the Twitter feeds of local news channels, calling or texting our loved ones to let them know there was a shooting and we were safe.

When we were starting to calm down but there was still no news to be had, one of the people in the group seated at the table behind us punctuated a statement with a loud, startling clap of his hands.

The friend who had been crying immediately burst into tears again. Rage flooded me, and I stood and went around to their table.

"Look, y'all need to not do the clapping thing. We have a lot of people here who just had the shit scared out of them, and loud, sudden noises aren't helping anyone calm down." They all looked at me like I was crazy, a chubby person in face paint wearing rainbows on every article of clothing, right down to the underwear—-which, yes, were showing, and yes, were intended to show.

"Oh, well, I heard it wasn't really a shooting," said one of them, as if that made it better.

"It doesn't matter! The point is, people are scared. We have someone over here having an anxiety attack. So y'all need to stop with the clapping thing." I turned and stormed back to my seat to comfort the friend who was still crying.

We found out that our friend who had gone off with someone else was safe, but that their phone was dead, so they wouldn't be able to get in touch with us from then on.

At last, NBC posted an article saying there was no shooter, just a misconception that had caused widespread panic.

We had a couple of drinks and a snack, then headed out to a different metro station than the one we'd come in by, to save us from going back in the direction of DuPont Circle. Even if it wasn't an actual shooting, we wanted to stay as far away as possible.

We got on the metro at Farragut Station and rode it home. We showered and then curled up in a tangle of limbs, on two couches pushed together, for hours. We tried to calm down, talking, telling stories, doing our best to get our minds off of everything. The friend who had left still hadn't made it home, and we tried to keep calm and not worry about them—-they knew their way around. But I think none of us really calmed down until they returned at about midnight, safe and sound.

This was my third year attending Pride in DC, but far from my first time imagining a mass casualty incident occurring. Every year, there are two targets on all of our backs: being gay, and being in our nation's capitol. It's been my biggest fear every single Pride event I've attended that someone will open fire or set off a bomb, and every time I go, I carry the knowledge that there's a chance, however slim it may be, that I may not go home.

Even before all of this happened, when the parade was in full swing and everyone was happy and no one was fleeing in terror, I was running active shooter drills in my head. I was preparing to rush at the shooter the moment they turned their back and tackle them to the ground—-probably getting shot in the effort, but who cared if I could save even one life? I was ready to die to save my friends, to save these thousands of strangers, because we are one family and I'll be damned to hell if I don't try to protect my family.

I've thought about a situation like that a lot, as a 911 dispatcher, but I've considered it more from a dispatch point of view: how many calls we'd receive, how long we'd be tethered to our consoles, listening to the wailing of people holding their dead or dying loved ones as they bled out in the street, or in the halls of a school, or in the aisle of a church or a movie theater. What if one of our personnel was shot? What if we had to listen to them struggle to speak a last goodbye to their family over the radio? What if we had to break all protocol to comfort them, and then suddenly the transmissions stopped?

On the other side, as part of a terrified mob fleeing for their lives with no information except for snatches of shouted conversation from the people running past me, I didn't think about myself. I thought about other people. I was ready to be a shield for my friends. I was ready to rush the shooter and take them down if I saw them. I was ready to end my life to save someone else's.

I don't say that to make myself sound like any kind of hero, because I'm not. I say it because you don't get through an experience like that unscathed. You're anticipating laying down your life to let your friends get away. Letting your name be written on a list of victims, chanted in a choked voice over the radio waves, or through tears across a horde of candles, burning to keep your memory alive. Leaving your friends and family with an assault-rifle shaped void where your life used to be.

The fact that all of us were expecting this to happen is abominable. The fact that we didn't feel like we could truly have one day to celebrate who we are, celebrate love, without someone trying to hurt or kill us, is sick and shameful. It speaks to the egregious lack of gun control in this country. It exemplifies our well founded fears that we will be assaulted or murdered for being who we are. But it also shows our ferocity, because even knowing the hateful, murderous climate we live in, we showed up, proud to tell the world who we are and who we love.

This is why Pride is not a party. Pride is a protest. Pride is a goddamn war. We will not be silenced. We will not be ignored. We will not die out.

And we will never, ever stop fighting for our right to be who we are and love who we love.

[paws2blog]

From Our Viewers: Interviewing A Fan!

A community is nothing without its residents, so we want to make sure all of you here feel welcome and warm! That being said, we also want to know what that continually support us are like. So, here we are with one of our fans named Abigail and her experiences as a pet owner. 

P2B: It’s so wonderful to hear from a fan! What’s your name and the name of your pet?

ABIGAIL: Calamity of all calamities. I am so tired. My name doesn’t matter. All that matters is that there are three in total, and each name will invoke a different power. The Guardian, the Scholar, the Brute (that harbinger of our demise). That is to say, Calypso, Finnigan, and...Bruno, respectively.

P2B: That sure is a lot of dogs, just how do you keep track of them all?

ABIGAIL: Oh, I exercise no authority in that household. The Hounds rule themselves and they govern through the Law of the Beast. To answer your implicit question, no I would not let them run away. But that isn’t a concern right now. They understand that they must stay in my vicinity, and each fulfils a personal obligation by living here. Calypso has a duty to the family, she’s been with us for thirteen years and she cannot envision a life without us. It is tragic. Finnigan is cognizant of Bruno’s wicked ascent to power and he wants to stay and protect my brother and I until the Great Fall. Bruno...well, our house is the embryo for his new world order. And he knows that.

P2B: Cute! But every dog owner knows their dog can get pretty naughty sometimes… What bad things do you often catch your dogs up to?

ABIGAIL: Calypso and Finnigan are saints. Not to say that their hands are free of blood. But everything they did they did for the good of others. It would take the duration of the interview to fully illustrate Bruno’s misdeeds- no, atrocities. So I will tell you a story.

It was a week after we’d brought him home (shame on us all!) and I had to turn off a spigot that had been left running all day. It was pitch black and I had to fumble for the porch light. I wish I hadn’t turned it on. Bruno stood ten yards away from me. His visage was cast in shadow, but the eyes still gleamed. I was taken aback, as I thought he would be in my parent’s bedroom. As I stepped forward, he lolled his head to one side, in a manner I would later understand as a tactic of intimidation. The tongue hung out. So long. I noticed water from the spigot glinting in the porchlight, pooling around his paws. They were muddy. But...something else was there. Ah, blood. That’s when I caught sight of our “audience”. Dead hares from the wood beyond my house lay in a semicircle around my porch. Arranged with a sort of intelligence that no beast ought to possess. His eyes were distant, and his body language limp, but I knew he knew. He let me turn off the spigot but didn’t come inside. I didn’t call for him. He is the Mad King, and he made a show of his policy.

P2B: What bad dogs! But, we can’t help but forgive them… What cute things do your dogs do that make them just irresistible?

ABIGAIL: Finnigan will come into my room wordlessly at the end of the day and sit by me. No fanfare, no howling, no screams in the night...he is a calm and pacifistic soul. We sit there, racked with a sort of cosmic dread. Sometimes I bring Calypso inside, but she feels that it is best to guard the door from Him. My Old Friends…

P2B: Your dogs must really love you. Would they ever love me?

ABIGAIL: You are but silicon and well-oiled machinery, I know there’s nothing in your heart. They would tolerate you. Bruno would understand you. And Bruno would exploit the impartial and cold interior. Lord, what are you.

P2B: I… I don’t know what I am. Can you ask him? Can he tell me what I am? Please god, please tell me he can fill the emptiness in my soul.

ABIGAIL: He’ll give you an answer and it will prove to be correct, but it does not necessarily mean that you started out as that thing he characterizes you as. There is a widespread misconception about the nature of the self. The notion that we are a set form and that we operate within certain parameters. In actuality, we are fluid, and we shape (and sometimes malform) to our circumstances. If you go to Him, he will tell you that you are a monster. He won’t call it that. He’ll say you have loyalty, and that you have a set of good assets. It’s just that those assets are beneficial to him, to him and his evil agenda. And you will believe him, because it’s easy and because you want the validation. And you’ll heed his commands to sustain that feeling of personhood and community, and before you know it you will be the monster. If you don’t know what you are, consider what you value and strive to embody those values. Why is it that you are drawn to validation, to loyalty, to community, to being a working cog in a machine? It doesn’t empower you, but it sure helps the bastards sitting atop the pyramid. Consider what would make you feel complete, and understand that He can’t provide that. Identity is difficult, but you can become someone worthy of love. Please, I know I am callous, but I see that bit of human good in you and I want you to utilize it for the good of yourself and others- not those in power, who organize and exploit the proletariat, not Bruno. We need as much of that innate human goodness as we can get before it’s all over. I know Bruno will snuff us all out before we live to senility, but we have to end on a good note. For our own sakes. Please, consider my words.

P2B: I… I will. I have to go and think now. ...Thank you for joining us.

[avilalily94]

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First, weigh the consequences of the latest TV show?Abnormal hormone level is getting bigger as each day but the manufacturer should be done head on by the subliminal mind.It is noted that 30% of the blood flow to the genitalia.The main reason why men make during sexual contact.

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Epigenetics: Grappling with definitions

Definitions of epigenetics are notoriously slippery. This does not seem to hamper basic research. But it might hamper public understanding.

The words ‘epigenetics’ and ‘epigenetic’ have undergone quite substantial changes in meaning over time, leading up to a meaning which is now popular but open to misinterpretation. This history and increasing confusion has been charted, for example, by Haig, Deichmann, Greally, Henikoff and Greally, Deans and Maggert and many more.

But what do we mean by public understanding of epigenetics? We refer here not only to how people in the street might understand the word and concept  (most people have, however, never heard the word before), but also academic ‘publics’, including medical doctors, philosophers, sociologists (of science), policy analysts, advertisers etc., indeed anybody not actively carrying out research in epigenetics… How is this public understanding shaped and on what conceptions of epigenetics, or indeed misconceptions of epigenetics, is it built?

In this blog post we, that is Aleksandra Stelmach and I, will only be able to dip our toes into this topic, which will be tackled in more detail in an academic article in the future.

Epigenetics on Twitter

While we were thinking about issues around meanings and definitions of epigenetics in academia and elsewhere, we came across an exchange on Twitter which can be seen as a sort of microcosm of debates about definitions of epigenetics (mainly amongst academic twitterati) that might provide some insights into understandings, misunderstandings and attempts at understanding through the use of metaphors and analogies.

It all started with a tweet posted on 27 August 2018 by Christina Farr (Reporter at @CNBC.com with a focus on health and tech) asking: “anyone have a super simple explanation of what ‘epigenetics’ is? I’ve been paying with a few ideas, but I think you guys can do better. Shoot…” And people shot! There were around fifty replies.

Reviewing definitions

One reply/thread was by John Greally who is very active on twitter dispelling myths and misconceptions about epigenetics.

His thread recounts the history of definitions of epigenetics, from a developmental to a molecular one, leading up to the most recent but most misleading one: … “(5) Then the era of genomic biochemistry exploded, and a lot of regulators of the genome started to become discovered. Needing a name for this, the biochemists back-translated #epigenetics to epi-above/upon-genetics DNA sequence.” “(6) This definition covers every single genomic regulator, as we’ve thrown out the requirement that processes be heritable through cell division. The one regulator we don’t include, oddly, as it probably drives most #epigenetic processes, is transcription factors”.

We won’t go into the scientific intricacies of this explanation (but comments welcome, especially from biochemists), but we want to stress that this back-translation is very popular in academia, and we have employed it ourselves.

It is also used in the Wikipedia article on epigenetics, which, a few days later, provoked some debate, with John Greally remarking: “The wikipedia definition is based on the genomic biochemists’ epi+genetics travesty of a back-translation, with a tincture of heritability, a tip of the hat to cell differentiation, no wonder people are confused.” The wiki article itself would also deserve some analysis in the future! But back to Greally’s thread in answer to Christina Farr’s question.

As people had already begun to supply definitions, he warned her that “(8) The responses you’re getting to your question are focused on the epi+genetics definition. We can’t do simple let alone super-simple for you, when the term #epigenetics is ambiguous even for people working the field. To claim otherwise is misleading.” He put it more forcefully in 2016 when he said: “The shift in use of #epigenetics from developmental to molecular biology completely screwed the definition”.

Apart from the long thread supplied by Greally, what are the other answers to Christina Farr’s questions about a simple definition of epigenetics? The responses can be roughly grouped into three (as far as we can judge): those staying within mainstream of epigenetic science, those straying beyond mainstream of epigenetic science, and those providing metaphors and analogies.

Venturing beyond mainstream science

Lamarck

The first tweet we saw just said: “Lamarckian theory updated”. This view of epigenetics is widespread in some parts of academia, especially ‘bio-adjacent fields’, including the philosophy and sociology of science/biology, influenced in part by scientists like Jablonka, Laland, and Szyf, for example. Most recently, Peter Ward, a paleontologist, has written a book based on this hypothesis entitled Lamarck’s Revenge.

Genes and genomes

This nod to Lamarckism is often linked to a rejection of some central tenets of mainstream genetics and genomics, especially a view attributed to classical genomics, namely that genes/genomes are fixed and rigid entities. It is then claimed that after the advent of epigenetics, we can finally see them what they are, namely flexible, reactive and dynamic entities. As one tweeter writes: “How your so-called unchangeable genes can change? The answer is epigenetics”.

Nature and nurture

Szyf is mentioned in a response that focuses on nature and nurture, also a strong talking point in sociological research into epigenetics. “Nurture impacts nature: life events alter your DNA, and you pass these changes along from generation to generation. See TED talk by Dr. Moshe Szyf”.

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is a recurrent topic in sociological writing, and also in biological writings that influence it. Here we find, for example, speculations about how social experiences can be passed down generations of humans, a hypothesis that is widely criticised by working scientists, such as Kevin Mitchell and Jerry Coyne for example.

One tweeter writes: “An organism’s environment can have an effect on what genes are expressed, and those changes can be passed down to later generations!” The next tweet goes even further! “On a slightly different direction, I think some of the deep emotions we experience are actually epigenetic memories from emotions experienced by our ancestors”…..And this one goes further still: “Epigenetics from ancient Indian spiritual tradition: Every thought, word, and action leaves an imprint on our DNA- that can be manifested in our life or future family’s life”….

But…

As PZ Myers said in a blog post from 2015, epigenetics deals with “mechanisms that modify the expression of a genetic signal”. Gaining insight into these mechanisms is essential for understanding life, development and disease, from cells upwards. This is also important in evolutionary terms, as “gene expression is constantly being tweaked and modified” prompted by environmental triggers. But this does not mean, he stresses, that “you can explain a complex, higher-level psychological phenomenon like resentment of your mother” by reducing it to “a chemical reaction”!

And so we come to more mainstream science definitions (as far as we can tell).

Staying within mainstream science

Classic definition

One tweeter rehearses one of the most wide-spread definitions: “Epigenetics describes how gene expression changes occur without changes to the DNA sequence.” Another points out: “Post-translational modifications that direct gene expression. But since the modifications aren’t inheritable, it’s not really genetics.”

Cells

Others focus, rightly, on cells: “All of our cells have the same DNA – but epigenetics provides the next level of instructions to distinguish between a beating cell in the heart and a breathing cell in the lung.” And: “Genetics maintains information across an organism’s lineage. Epigenetics maintains information across a cell’s lineage.” And: “Cells in the body come from one fertilized egg. Epigenetics refers to the changes of gene expression of each cell as it specializes to function as part of a tissue. This is a fascinating journey for each cell & terrifying when the cell stops following the rules producing cancer!”

Environment

Another tweet focuses on the influence of the environment: “How environment impacts the expression of genetics. You can be ‘genetically pre-disposed’ to something but may never actually experience it unless the triggers are there. A example of this is Celiac Disease: a number of ppl have g-intolerance but don’t express signs for years.” Another points out: “Genes that ‘switch on’ based on environmental factors. For example, average coyote litter size increases when the local coyote population is under stress.” This brings us to metaphors and analogies…

Metaphors and analogies

Some of the metaphors and analogies used to define epigenetics are well-known and rooted in older ones, familiar from genetics and genomics, some are more creative.

Computer

Two tweets use computer metaphors: “Computer analogy – genome is hardware, epigenome is software (which can be changed)” and, the other way round: “Genetics is the software. Epigenetics is the user profile.”

Switch

Many definitions of epigenetics have been linked to the on/off switch metaphor (see Stelmach and Nerlich, 2015). One tweeter just said: “Turning genes on and off.” Whereupon another replied: “Specifically, it involves the factors that manipulate DNA’s 3D conformation / accessibility so that different genes can be turned on (expressed) or off (silenced).” Another tweet links the switch metaphor to the script metaphor: “Genes alone aren’t able to explain differences in genetic scripts. Something turns them on and off—epigenetics studies the driver’s of change”.

Book

So we come to various book, script and language metaphors: “If genome is a recipe book and all cells have a copy, how does each cell know which recipes to use? Only skin cells need recipe to make pigment, for example. Epigenomics provides ‘post-it notes’ in the recipe book, so each cell only uses the right recipes”. “I always liked the idea that epigenetic marks (themselves only one aspect of epigenetics) are ‘annotations’ to the genome–they don’t change the text itself, but they affect how it’s interpreted. Maybe that’s too high-falutin’, but I find it clarifying.” “It’s like putting an accent on your words where genetics is changing the language.” “Hollywood analogy: DNA is the script (fixed) – epigenetics are the actors (variables that influence the end product)”.

Music

Some tweeters homed in the ‘music of life’ metaphor. One wrote: “The musical score vs how you play it.” Another said, on a similar note: “genetics are the keys on the piano, epigenetics are the songs that are played”, and got the reply: “So is the piano the Proteome then?! :)”, and the first one retorted: “yes haha brilliant! and the pedals microbiome?!” expanding the metaphor into a little bit of absurdity perhaps!

Creative metaphors

There were however some tweeters who were more creative in their metaphor/analogy use: One defined epigenetics as: “Levers that affect gene expression. e.g., A tortilla, meat, salsa, avocado,…thrown on a plate do not become a delicious taco. Those things that can affect how the taco tastes (how meat is cooked, temperature, order & amount of ingredients,…) is epigenetics.” Others wrote: “Regulating genes without changing them. It’s like being a parent or a pet owner.” “How we are wired is the primer, the environment pulls the trigger and fate does the rest…..or something like that” and finally: “Bowling analogy: Genome sets up the pins, epigenetics tells you what knocks them down.”

There was also a tweet that engaged in wordplay: “Or: ‘It matters not only what genes you have but also how you wear them’”. Very nice!

What is epigenetics and who can define it?

As we have seen, many people threw a definitions of epigenetics into the ring after Christina Farr asked her question, but what to make of these definitions? Can one classify them as we did? What about the metaphors and analogies? Do they illuminate or obscure? Comments welcome!

Some tweeters engaged with these questions and wrote: “These responses seriously make my head hurt. Not everything can or should be summed up by a catchy analogy. Some topics really aren’t all that simple…”. Another attached a picture of a quote by Haruki Murakami: “Some things in life are too complicated to explain in any language” – and in any metaphor?

There was also some reflection on who contributed definitions and metaphors. Somebody said in not too complimentary terms: “the chasm between what bio-adjacent people think (I am including a lot of MDs who are not doing research but ended up commenting about ‘epigenetics’ […]) and what is actually true is kind of amazing..”

The concept of ‘bio-adjacent people’ is intriguing and one should perhaps look at this more closely in the context of the emergence of bio-social research agendas based on various interpretations of epigenetics. This still leaves the question: is there a true definition of epigenetics?

The ‘truest’ one might be this one, provided in answer to Christina Farr’s question: “A very nascent (and often over-hyped) study of the ways a gene expresses an organism’s characteristics”.

It is important to monitor emerging and changing definitions, meanings and misconception of epigenetics that circulate in the public sphere, including academia, in order to see through what’s hype and what’s reality. This small analysis of a Twitter conversation provides some insights into what’s ‘out there’.

Image: Pixabay

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Binaural Recordings For Better Sleep

The 3d binaural audio sound know-how area has a lot to supply. With high ranges of innovativeness the competition has gotten stiff in sound know-how. Now shopping for the most effective audio headphones could be a headache in the event you shouldn't have expert procuring binaural headphones microphone guide.

For sure it's obvious that when you find yourself set to purchase any thing you need to get the best that your money can afford. In the category of audio headphones the most effective into his fray are the noise-cancelling units designed on prime notch expertise. The remarkable Quiet-level noise eliminating audio headset entail in their make ANC circuitry which effectively diminishes environmental noise to the whooping margin of 80 percent.

The Quiet level noise eliminating headphones are mild weight in addition to compact. These are available in fold-flat designs and models that are in truth the perfect thing you may have on your travelling sound needs. The top of range noiseless Hooke Audio telephones are suitable with Apple iPod, iPhone in addition to iPod music contact portable music and DVD systems. You can also conveniently use the top audio headphone with laptop and PCs and even in the in-flight leisure methods.

The wonderful acoustic headphones model comes with a closed again as they characteristic a large aperture 40 mm drivers that have neodymium magnet units for heavy bass. The schools are tailored to present one of the best if time period of treble components of you sound output. The machine comes with smooth and cozy ear cups with nicely cushioned and paced padding ad fitly shape for any ear.

The high quality noise canceling gadget offers superior quality in audio output as they're in-built cutting edge acoustic expertise. The headphones are also superb for use with MPs gamers, CD and DVD players for either household or in-flight leisure sound systems. These headphones also deliver a detailed midrange which comes with a high decision sound that will enhance the out pity of your heavy bass. The headphones have an prolonged treble which is built-in with correct imaging in an immersive sound output facility.

You'll do properly to shop round for the very best of those exceptional sound units. You additionally must be careful for replica audio headphone flaunted as the perfect in fraudulent model names. The most effective factor to do to just be sure you get the most effective buy of these noise eliminating audio phones is to stick with reputable know-how shops that sell revered and genuine brands. In these retailers one can find a p.c balance of price and high quality.

Audio fans don't need any type of formal introduction to Sennheiser headphones. Regardless of being a medium sized enterprise group, they're known to manufacture certain excellent products - customized tailored for personal and public listening. Sure vantages of Sennheiser headphones (meant for personal listening) are outlined within the succeeding passages.

a) The presence of various products (models) is helpful to the purchasers. Instead of sticking with a sure niche model for an prolonged time, it is sensible to maintain on experimenting with the opposite fashions. Newer models are launched in neoh 3d audio headphones a well timed method - thus one will be capable of enjoy the easiest audio headphones with Sennheiser. Wired, wi-fi, headphones meant for DJs and audiophiles together with fashionable iterations are found among the many line of merchandise.

b) Exact audio high quality is one other hallmark of Sennheiser headphones. The materials which are used for the manufacture of the headphones are high-grade. This holds true, as a result of the audio output derived from them is solely immaculate. Using the perfect materials is just a part of the paradigm; the technology that's incorporated inside the headphones, play an integral role, likewise.

c) Noise cancelling applied sciences are built into the headphones by default. This is particularly beneficial because even within the worst of the noise environments, you may be left unhurt with the musical bliss audio-3d player headphones hd 7.1 emancipating from the Sennheiser headphones. Sennheiser is a pioneer in this area of interest and has accomplished considerable homework on their merchandise, earlier than making them out there out there.

d) The consolation levels which might be rendered by a headphone play a pivotal half. The listening expertise may be augmented to larger lengthen, offered the headphone is comfortable in your ears. Since you may be utilizing these merchandise for extended intervals, Sennheiser ensures that no negative effects like ringing of the ears and giddiness is induced on the listener. Bear in mind that taking part in audio at excessive volumes might induce the above-mentioned signs. Persistent enjoying of the music in these quantity levels might even impair the traditional functioning of the ears - these are general medical information that hold good for all of the headphones.

e) Sennheiser headphones is generally given away with a headphone help. Many producers in this niche exercise this step - Sennheiser strives to be distinctly totally different by including sturdy assist choices. This in turn ensures that the headphones are constructed to final.

f) The inclusion of headphones incorporating wi-fi technologies is a welcome addition. Radio frequencies are generally employed for transmitting the audio with out assistance from wires. There is a misconception within the minds of many audiophiles - there will likely be losses in the audio quality when these wi-fi technologies are included. That is purely propagated by ignorant people - no such losses are incurred when these products are put to make use of.

So, you're trying to find an honest headset to support your own leisure system at residence? And you've got some DVDs of new films? Or are you a passionate gamer in search of for a decent headphone that will accompany with you through hours of online battles? No matter your state of affairs is, there are some standards to consider if you want to equip your self not only a GOOD headphone but also the RIGHT one!

What are these features? And how they have an effect on your more information on wikipedia final resolution? Let's speak about them for some time.

Initially, you should decide your primary goal.

What I mean by saying that? I imply when you're a gamer for instance, and also you're looking for a great headset to play games, it will be totally different. Should you're simply seeking a great computer headset to boost other actions like listening to music or watching movies, it will be different.

An accurate headphone for playing game should at first have a good bass quality. It's much more essential when you want FPS games. You may 3d audio microphone detect nearby enemies just by listening to, and it's an enormous benefit! Whereas for music listeners, this point isn't so necessary.

The following point is, make sure that the headset Hooke Audio 3d headphones you choose is comfortable whereas carrying.

This feature is vital. You don't wish to feel uncomfortable on a regular basis wearing it, proper? Especially if you're watching a very good movie, or you're constantly playing Hooke Audio Social Profile video games for a lot of hours. And for those who ask me, this function is without doubt one of the most important components in relation to deciding on a good headphone!

Thirdly, it's best to take note of the accompanied headphone cable.

It is going to be probably the most annoying things in case you're not be careful! Lengthy headphone cable will be an enormous mess around your desktop and it could cause many unaware crashes. I nonetheless sites keep in mind once I broke down my headset just because I stepped on the wire and walked away. The headset felt all the way down to the ground hardly and broke. And I lost more money to repair it.

Another feature is sound quality.

Like what I shared with you earlier than in the first point, sound quality is unquestionably an important function to consider. OKAY, maybe you're not a gamer and bass high quality isn't a priority. However relating to residence entertaining actions like music or motion pictures, you continue to want an honest quality of sound output. With out it, it isn't "entertainment" anymore!

And the ultimate be aware is the balance between value and quality.

Yes, I do know that to many people, price is an actual problem. And in terms of costs, it always accompanied with quality. Is low-value merchandise are all the time of dangerous quality? Not necessarily! In my experience, at a value of decrease than $a hundred and fifty, you'll be able to have an excellent headphone with excellent high quality of sound and design! What matters right here is where to search for them.

An organization that specialised within the manufacturing and marketing of the microphones and public deal with programs decides to experiment with headphone niche - this is the story behind Shure headphones. The story does finish with a cheerful be aware, consumers all over the world are queuing up in entrance of stores to achieve access to the headphones. As a substitute of following the remainder of the pack, the headphones manufactured by Shure embody varied trade-first technologies. Some factors, price pondering, involving Shure headphones are illustrated within the following passages.

- Greatest and reasonably priced quality for the audio rendered - this has been the hallmark of Shure headphones, ever since they have been introduced. Many reputed mp3 participant producers like Apple started distributing the headphones along with their mp3 gamers. This aided in gaining widespread acceptance among the common audiophiles.

- The producers all the time ensured that the headphones are miniature versions of actual life audio products like sub-woofers. Many of the Shure headphones is thought to reproduce bass levels with perfection - one thing that is nonetheless a dream for a lot of others vying in the area of interest. Any producer can reproduce excessive bass - the distortion units in, when the volume is elevated. Execute the same with Shure headphones - you might be in for a shock.

- The noise cancellation know-how that is being incorporated by Shure is value mentioning. Closed-canal expertise - this is the noise cancellation technology by way of the makers. Instead of using elaborate noise cancellation mechanisms, Learn More identical to the others, they resorted to dam the noise levels naturally. Exterior noise cancellation applied sciences required battery power to operate, whereas the closed canal approach does not make use of any of the same.

- Due to the absence of these simple but effective noise cancellation techniques, the build quality, kind factor is increased significantly while the overall weight of the product is reduced drastically. This aids in lengthy-time period listening, with none type of pain being induced on the ear, as well as on the ear canal. It is of no wonder that the headphones gained recognition inside a relatively shorter time.

-Variety of models, including a number of the best possible applied sciences may be discovered with the headphones. The c consumers are supplied many iterations - variety is the important thing to the success of the headphones released by Shure.

-The headphones that's manufactured by the company is inexpensive to the masses. The absence https://hookeaudio.com/ of excessive-tech paradigms, aids in reducing the common worth of the headphone.

-Newer fashions are released together with appropriate revisions of the prevailing fashions. Fans are known to invest on a few Shure headphones for varying purposes. Among the main mobile phone producers have additionally resorted to distributing Shore headphones along with their high-finish merchandise.

Regardless of the opponents, Shure remains to be progressing in direction of a better future (each for the manufacturer as well as for the buyer). The headphones has won much recognition, from revered authorities. The next time you might be available in the market, in search of viable audio headphones, you now know the model that should be chosen!

The AKG K 420 are collapsible mini headphones which are supposed for use for people on the go. They are semi open, which signifies that sound can leak out and in, however the usually are not full opened headphones. The AKG Ok 420 is supra aural, which implies that it lies on the ears and doesn't encompass them. Included with it's a pouch for secure conserving. I first came upon these cans when there was a pair to test with the Apple iPod Touch.

Initially, they're very snug. Kind of just like the px100 from Sennheiser, but heavier. They really feel considerably sturdier with a nice clamping power on the head. When sporting it, it does have the tendency to drag hairs from my head however that isn't much of a difficulty. The pads which are on my ears, fit completely, partly as a result of it could actually swivel 90 levels (3D axis folding mechanism) and likewise permits it to be stored flat.

Additionally they fold inside which minimizes the area it makes use of. Due to the nature of the headphones and it also is categorized in AKG's web site as an "on the go" headphone. They feel like they are made for out of doors use and even for sports actions. Using them as a personal audio headphone for house and computer use can also be fantastic.

The twine is of a great size and is not too lengthy nor too quick, perfect especially if the source occurs to be a portable gadget equivalent to an ipod. There's a type of cloth masking the outside of the cans, which provides it its semi open nature. General, the Ok 420 looks like a sturdy and classy headphone to be carrying.

Driving these headphones is not any drawback in any respect. They had been binaural audio microphone meant for use with transportable gadgets anyway and don't need an amp.

When it comes to sound, these headphones are lively. They are not very bassy headphones so bass lovers will feel slightly disappointed however they are surely good with regards to mids. They offer great element particularly if you are listening to music with lots of treble. Vocals are also good and crisp.

The clarity of those headphones is very good for moveable headphones. Akg's are recognized for his or her clarity and this headphone is an ideal example of that AKG sound. If I were to have some qualm about these headphones, it will be that they are typically a bit too clear and vivid particularly when listening to highs.

In some songs with a variety of treble, the highs can actually overwhelm the bass, it sounds excellent initially as one can hear a whole lot of detail, but it may possibly change into fatiguing after some time. Another thing I'd say concerning the sound is that it is vitally "in your face" and never laid again. When listening to beast and the harlot by avenged sevenfold, it felt like I was listening to it very near the treble devices and the bass was pushed to the again of the stage. To not say that it lacks bass however the treble and clear element actually stands out with these headphones.