#building permits Rwanda

[fdg-africa]

Innovative Building Techniques Revolutionizing Construction in Rwanda

The construction sector in Rwanda is evolving rapidly, driven by a combination of new technologies, innovative building techniques, and a growing demand for sustainable infrastructure. As Kigali and other cities expand, the need for modern, efficient, and environmentally conscious construction has never been higher. This is where FDG Africa steps in, offering groundbreaking solutions that not…

[rememberthelaughtermp3]

This is Elaf, a once passionate medical student and the oldest daughter of a single mom with no job and a responsibility of 5 children to raise, I was awaiting the moment to graduate and reward my mother for all her sacrifices, but the faith had another claim, my mother, 3 sisters, brother, and aunt were forced to leave our house by the RSF under all kinds of violence and terrorism, they have occupied our house and left us with nothing. Thankfully, they made it alive to escape to Al-Gizera where they thought it would be safe and in peace. A few months later the RSF entered Madani, bringing with them destruction, chaos, massacre and the threat of unspeakable horrors. My family got displaced for the second time and trapped in inhumane conditions, in a place without shelter, internet, or basic human needs, but with all the possibilities of attack, sexual abuse, and even merciless death. It's really beyond excruciation to be displaced and refugee inside a country that supposed to be your home, isn't it?

I am terrified about my mother who is a hypertensive and asthmatic patient and could develop any further cardiovascular/respiratory diseases due to the unimaginable stress and fear, lack of medications, and limited access to food. I am scared about my sisters who aren't safe among terrorists who use sexual abuse against girls and women to remark their false and illusory victory. I am afraid of the unknown future of my 12 years old sister who is deprived of her rights of education and forced to be homeless while other children are going to school, and I feel the pain for my young brother who is doing labor work to provide what merely could make them alive while he is supposed to study and build his future, without forgetting the race and color based discrimination against him that could identity him falsely as a terrorist and then get massacred.

Now I am reaching out to you to help us in our fight for survival, to give my family the chance to live the life they deserve. Your donation will re-birth a dream that has been deprived, a life that has been stolen, and a hope that never been felt by my family. I am humbly asking you to help me reunite with my family in a safer place and help them flee Sudan to unite with me in Rwanda.

Funds will be used to pay for traveling from Port Sudan to Rwanda through Uganda, as well as to meet entry requirements and basic living expenses when in Rwanda. A specific budget breakdown is included at the bottom.

Budget Breakdown:

250 USD per person to travel to Port Sudan = 1500 USD

850 USD flights ticket to Uganda from Port Sudan per person = 5100 USD

30 USD per person times six people to board a bus from Uganda to Rwanda = 180 USD

4000 USD for rental arrangements for the first three months

150 USD for residency permit per person = 900 USD

3000 USD minimum cash show to enter Rwanda

1500 USD is for emergency as we pay all the transportation in Sudan in local currency and the exchange rate is not fixed as well as the traveling ticket itself, it depends on the field progress of the army between cities. From September to December the air tickets have been increased twice from 550 USD to 650 USD to 850 USD now!

Total of 16,180 USD.

$12228 / $17000

[jimi-rawlings]

Zimbabwe Premier Soccer League - Wikipedia

THE AFRICAN LINK UP

BVLKNS TEHWAEDO Language Arts (Religious Swear Words and Sicanje) Igbo Vowel Harmony and Yoruba Religious Term Ori, Ase, and Ifà with Serbian Cyrillic.

Geopolitical Religiopolitical Economic Geography Westminster System Liberal Arts for Mirror for Princes

Sun Peninsula Supply Side Economics Commerce Center with Rural Areas as a Premier.

Contract Theory with Business Clusters (Retail and Supplier)

Subsistence Construction with Architecture Arithmetic Skills

Subsistence Farming with Options/FX Hedging

Tribal Prince of Lozi Sol

DIASPORA: Odinani, also known as Odinala, Omenala, Odinana, and Omenana[1] (Igbo: Ọdịnanị/Ọ̀dị̀nàlà), is the traditional cultural belief and practice of the Igbo people of south east Nigeria.[2] These terms, as used here in the Igbo language, are synonymous with the traditional Igbo "religious system" which was not considered separate from the social norms of ancient or traditional Igbo societies. Theocratic in nature, spirituality played a huge role in their everyday lives. Although it has largely been syncretised with Catholicism, the indigenous belief system remains in strong effect among the rural, village and diaspora populations of the Igbo. (Nigeria; Jamaica, Ghana, Mozambique, Botswana, and Zimbabwe)

Ownership: Mining Assets means any fee lands, mining claims, mining concessions, leases, licenses or other like rights, all permits, government consents, concessions, water rights, easements, surface rights, subsurface rights, rights of way, property rights, temporary occupation agreements and other, including, but not limited to, all Operating Mines, the Gold Bar Asset and the Los Azules Property.

President Emmerson highlighted the colonial origins of such restrictions and expressed a shared commitment with Botswana's President Mokgweetsi Masisi to dismantle barriers to free movement. This move aligns with a growing momentum towards visa-free travel within Africa. Seychelles, The Gambia, and Benin have already embraced visa-free entry for African visitors, with Rwanda recently joining the list. The trend underscores a deeper conversation about the potential of connectivity and integration across the continent.

Harmony and Contrast Formula/System: xG Analytics 2:3 Goals/Assist Ratio; 0-0 Games with Possession Football Analytics Post Game

F9/Target Man Combination Football: 4 v 4 Manipulated Offside Trap with Depth Link up in Hole for Triangular Wall Pass (F9); 2 V 2 Chest Cradle Half Volley 2 Touch Finishing (Target Man and F10)

Midfield Pivots 4-3-3 (Build Up Back 4, Triangle Midfield (1 Attacking, 1 Defensive, 1 Box to Box Deep Lying Playmaker), Attacking 3 (False 9, False 10, Inverted Winger)

5-2-3

4-1-5

4-4-3 F9 or F10

Skill Drills

2 V 2 Box Play with 3 Neutrals Pass Ins 2 Touch or 1 Touch Finish

Link Up Diamond Futsal 4 v 4

Agility Ladder Futsal Dribbling

Skills: Aerial Duels, Chest Cradled Half Volley, Finishing, Link Up and Hold Up, Counter Pressing, Shoulder Barging

HULU Target Man False 9 Tactics and Skills

Depth in attack: The attacking side uses the depth of the pitch by moving men either up from the rear, or down from the top, but may use a constant "target striker" or front man to always invoke a presence deep in the defence.

Give and Go: A version of this play involving a through ball into space as a return to the initial passer (known as a wall pass [13]: 30 ) is sometimes used to get past the first level of defence (for example).[14]

Triangular play: A subtype of the give-and-go tactic; allows for a safe and quick movement of various areas in play whilst maintaining control of the ball. In a triangular play the ball is passed between three players to form a triangle. The triangle is then shifted to a different position when a new player is added. Many triangles can be created with various combinations of players with the intent to incrementally move the ball forward without compromising possession. This tactic is common when trying to gain control of midfield. However it may also be used for (final 3rd) attacking purposes.[19]

In the space between the opponent's defensive line and midfield line (the "hole"): A common strategy of attack is to pass (or move) the ball into the spaces between the opponent's defenders and midfielders. If a pass is made, a midfielder in an advanced position or an attacker in a deeper position will want to receive the ball right between the lines of the opponent. A player can also try to move the ball into this area on their own, at which point they may look for a passing option; alternatively attempting to create a good scoring chance on their own.[13]: 18

Strong side overloads: Attacking teams may pressure the defence on to one side of the pitch by moving most of its attackers and midfielders to the ball side while letting a wing player or defender come to the opposite side with little or no coverage. By compressing space in the areas where the ball is, the defence has to respect the strong side threat by adding extra players into the mix. The ball is then crossed or passed into an unmarked area on the far side of the pitch for a free or near free shot, dribble or pass.

Target man: The implied use of a quality striker who has the ability to take on the whole defence on their own - and will often occupy two defenders - making the defence vulnerable. Complemented with two fast wingers, this tactic may give the 4-man defence potential problems. Teams may also benefit from a target man at set pieces.

Cross into the box: A player (often a winger, wide midfielder or fullback) situated outside the width of the penalty box (on one of the flanks) attempts a cross into the penalty box, for a teammate (usually a striker, or a forward) to try to score on (with a header, a volley, or a one touch shot). Crosses into the box can be of various height and length and target various areas of the penalty box. For this to work, the player attempting the cross needs to be skilled at performing this type of pass, as well as able to read the game of play, and the receiving target has to have a number of competitive advantages (such as height, strength, speed or heading skills) in order to beat the defence for the attempt at goal.[13]: 17 

Freekicks: If the free kick is close-range but in a less-than-ideal angle to attempt to take a shot on goal, a common method of creating a scoring chance is to cross the ball into the penalty area, usually aiming for a spot in the angle towards the penalty spot, at which attacking players will try to beat defending players to the ball in order for a header or volleyball shot to hit the target. This is common to a corner kick.

Sometimes teams tactically divide the pitch horizontally into five corridors instead: Outside left, inside left, central, inside right and outside right. This is among other things reflected in the positional names being used in formations with five midfielders, or five defenders.[22][23]

Physique Endurance Cycling (MAS) and Isometric Plyometric Jump Rope (VO2 max) with Landmine Complex; Lion Heart DNA (Muscle Fibers and Walking Mechanics)

18U Stylistic Biomechanics with Skill Drills and Scrimmage. 12U fundamentals and practice.

Sprint dribbling: Invisible 4, Crescent Moon Pull Back, and Dorsiflexion

Genome Editing: TYRP1, ACTN3, FBN1 gene, ACE Gene, XYY Prenatal Hormones with Fetus Alcohol Consumption for Sensory Overload Asperger's, Expansive Mood with Disinhibition Impulsive Borderline

A notable connection exists between VO2max and MAS, encapsulated by the “Léger formula”: VO2max = MAS x Cr, where Cr represents the energy cost or running economy, measured in mL/kg/km. This energy cost differs among runners, with a commonly accepted average value being 210 mL/kg/km. This leads to the equation VO2max = 3.5 x MAS. A lower running economy (energy cost) implies that a runner expends less energy and is more efficient. Elite Kenyan and Ethiopian runners, for example, often exhibit a running economy around 180 mL/kg/km (equivalent to a coefficient of 3). In this context, VO2max can be seen as the runner’s ‘engine’. In contrast, MAS reflects the engine’s efficiency, influenced by factors like posture, relaxation, stride quality, and muscle quality. The formula VO2max = 3.5 x MAS is, however, a theoretical estimate.

Hamstring Activation Cycling

Intramuscular EMG was used to verify muscle activation during cycling. The activation pattern of deep muscles (Vint and BFS) could, therefore, be described and compared to that of the more superficial muscles. The complex coordination of quadriceps and hamstring muscles during cycling was described in detail.

Maximal aerobic speed (MAS) is simply the lowest running speed at which maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) occurs, and is typically referred to as the velocity at VO2 max (vVO2 max). MAS was developed for the purpose of increasing the specificity of training and to enable coaches to monitor training loads more accurately.

Lengthy Landmine Complex

Although typically used for simple core and functional-type movements, the landmine is actually an amazingly versatile tool that can be used as a primary exercise for many muscle groups:

Side Facing Clean to Single Arm Press

Front Squat To Press

Single Arm Drop Lunge Squat

Squeeze Press

Lateral Squat Jumps

Reverse Lunge to Knee Drive

Sumo 1/2 Rep Squat Jumps

Single Arm Fall Out Push Ups

Sit Up To Press

1-2 minute rest between rounds if you perform multiple rounds

Circuit training has been shown to have greater effects on the magnitude and duration of EPOC than traditional forms of strength training.[8] All told, you can burn hundreds and hundreds of calories in a properly-executed circuit training workout.

The multi-stage fitness test (MSFT), also known as the beep test, bleep test, PACER test (progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run), or the 20m shuttle run test, is a running test used to estimate an athlete's aerobic capacity (VO2 max).

Bariatric surgery (or metabolic surgery or weight loss surgery) is a medical term for surgical procedures used to manage obesity and obesity-related conditions.[1][2] Long term weight loss with bariatric surgery may be achieved through alteration of gut hormones, physical reduction of stomach size, reduction of nutrient absorption, or a combination of these.[2][3] Standard of care procedures include Roux en-Y bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, from which weight loss is largely achieved by altering gut hormone levels responsible for hunger and satiety, leading to a new hormonal weight set point.[3] Bariatric surgery of various types may influence hedonic hunger[31][32][33] particularly if accompanied by counseling interventions that reduce automatic hedonic impulses.[34] These surgeries may work in part by modifying the production of gastrointestinal hormones, particularly by increasing glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (PYY);[31][35] reduction of ghrelin has been inconsistent.[31]

Counter Pressing Progressive HULU False 9

Skills: Attack, Power*, Movement*, Skill*, Mental*, Defence*

A false 9, similar to a more advanced attacking midfielder/playmaker role, is an unconventional lone striker or centre-forward, who drops deep into midfield. The purpose of this is that it creates a problem for opposing centre-backs who can either follow the false 9, leaving space behind them for onrushing midfielders, forwards or wingers to exploit, or leaving the false 9 to have time and space to dribble or pick out a pass.

Deep Completions: Deep Completions represent successful passes made within 20 meters of the opposition goal. It indicates a player’s ability to execute accurate and incisive passes in dangerous areas.

12. Carry%: Carry% signifies the percentage of a player’s carries (running with the ball) that were successful. It measures their effectiveness in maintaining ball control and progressing play through dribbling.

13. Deep Progressions: Deep Progressions encompass passes and dribbles/carries into the opposition’s final third. It quantifies a player’s ability to advance the ball effectively into areas close to the opponent’s goal.

14. xGBuildup: xGBuildup is a model that attributes the expected goals (xG) value of the final shot to all players involved in the entire possession leading up to the shot. It focuses on evaluating the possession work and build-up play prior to the end of the attacking sequence.

15. xGChain: xGChain is a model that attributes the expected goals (xG) value of the final shot to all players involved in the entire possession. It captures the contributions of players throughout the possession, considering their involvement in generating goal-scoring opportunities.

16. OBV Metrics: In addition to the aforementioned features, it’s worth exploring the concept of On-Ball Value (OBV) metrics. OBV is a comprehensive framework developed by StatsBomb that evaluates a player’s contributions and effectiveness in possession. It takes into account various factors such as passes, dribbles, shots, and more to provide a holistic assessment of a player’s on-ball performance.

Link-Up Play; You must play with your back to the goal, hold the ball under pressure, and lay it off to advancing teammates. For this, you'll need ball control, strength, and the ability to shield the ball from defenders. Moreover, effective link-up play helps create fluid attacking movement. For hold-up play (plural hold-up plays) (soccer, idiomatic) A play where an attacker retains possession of the ball, while the teammates can move up the field. Push-and-run, also known as a wall pass, a one-two or a give-and-go, is a tactic and skill often used in association football. It involves quickly laying the ball off to a teammate and running past the marking tackler to collect the return pass. It proved an effective way to move the ball at pace, with players' positions and responsibility being fluid.[1] All the definitions agree on just one thing: a progressive action advances the ball somehow. At The Athletic, we count a completed pass as “progressive” if it’s at least 10 metres (11 yards) long and moves the ball at least 25 per cent of the remaining distance to goal.

Current measures:

Expected assists: If we have an expected likelihood for each shot resulting in a goal, we can look back at the pass prior to that shot to see which players played the passes that could have resulted in goals. This is more informative than just looking at assists, but has the limitation of being heavily dependent on the shot-takers being able to get their shot away following the high value pass, and only considers the pass immediately preceding the shot. Any passes that contribute significantly to the buildup prior to that are neglected.

xG chain: This is a logical extension of the expected assist approach. To overcome the limitation of only considering the pass prior to a shot, we can propagate the goalscoring likelihood for each shot back through all the passes in the sequence leading up to it. That way, players frequently involved in plays that result in high quality chances are still rewarded for their contributions. This approach has some benefits, but still assumes the presence of a shot-taker who is able to capitalise on the good buildup to take a high-quality shot. Moreover, this approach can conflate the contribution from teammates. For example, a player that reliably plays easy passes to a key playmaker will generally be highly rewarded by this approach, even if most of the buildup value comes from the playmaker.

Progressive passes: A less shot-centric approach to valuing buildup is to consider the number of passes that bring the ball closer to the opposition goal. These types of approaches typically define some threshold for progression, either number of yards forward or how much closer the ball gets to goal, as a % of starting distance. This allows the separation of players whose passes are mostly safe and cautious from players whose passes disproportionately drive the ball forward towards the opposition goal. This has been used successfully in the past to identify players who progress the ball well, but is still a relatively coarse approach. Fifty yard progressive passes are treated similarly to 15 yard progressive passes, and a 15 yard pass down the wing is treated the same as a 15 yard forward pass into the penalty box.

Packing: None of the other approaches above consider the location of off-ball players. One approach that does take this into consideration is Packing.

Counter-pressing in football is the act of actively pursuing the ball in a coordinated manner with the aim of regaining possession quickly after ball-loss. The upper bound of time the ball must be won back within varies from coach to coach, and thus in execution by different teams. Two player contesting for the ball side by side. they can bump shoulders and run that shoulder into the opponent in an attempt to move the opponent off the ball. it becomes illegal when the arm is raised to push the opponent away or more force than is necessary is used with the shoulder. (Thigh Tug Counter Pressing)

Aggressive Actions: Aggressive actions encompass tackles, pressure events, and fouls recorded within 2 seconds of an opposition player receiving the ball. It assesses a player’s defensive intensity and ability to disrupt the opponent’s play.

9. Counterpressures: Counterpressures indicate the number of pressures exerted by a player within 5 seconds of a turnover. It demonstrates a player’s commitment to regaining possession quickly after losing it.

Signature Move

Sole Forward Roll Placement for Hold Up Play

2 v 2 Off-Ball Shoulder Barging Two Touch and One Touch Finishing: Lofted feed in order to strike on Chest Cradled Half Volley Lofted feeds in order to head to goal.

Spacing, Possession, Pass Completion, and Counter Pressing with Pursuit and Ambush Predation One Team Box Touches and Capture the Flag with Analytics-Geometry Total Football Trixie Bet on CNS Drugs (Xanax and Modafinil); 1-1-2-1 Diamond Rover Futsal Pivot Formation

Define a run in one of two ways: (i) as a set of consecutive goals scored by one team, without the other team scoring a goal; (ii) as a set of consecutive scoring events by one team, each event being either a goal or one or more Set Piece. Play aggressive and with counter pressing and run it up on the score board in the first half and after halftime play defense. You get a break at half and it's easier to win when someone plays defense and looks for opportunities instead of Attacking.

Set Piece Stylistic Biomechanics: Shooting Knee at Wall for Curve and Placement Knee for Corner. Follow through with Shot with proper Body Alignment

Knee to Feet or Shoulder to Feet Cradling for Touch/Entertainment

Posterior Chain Super Compensation and Speed-Endurance (Elastic-Connective Tissue) Force-Velocity Curve; Crescent Moon Horizontal Plane Vertical Force Sprinting Mechanics.

Placement Mechanics: Ankle-Heel Linedrive and Arch-Knuckle Raised Curve; Placement Foot and Reverse Rotation with Shoulder for power and Accuracy; Arch of Feet at Target for Follow Through Accuracy; Plant Foot-Eyes on Ball for Football Contact Point then Eyes on Corner.

Agility Ladder Eyes Pocket: Eyes Between Defenders Feet and Ball, Numbered Footwork V-Step (Shifting Defenders with Momentum) et L-Step (Explosive First Step), All moves should form a Triangle or an Incomplete Triangle

Sprint Size Up: A series of feint Karaoké dribble moves with Eye Tricks (Fake Pass) but Sprint Position Finish

Triangle Flip Flap: All Dribbling Moves should form a Triangle or an Incomplete Triangle while using V-Step (Shifting Defenders with Momentum with Instep) and L-Step (Explosive First Step). The flip flap (also known as the elástico, akka, snakebite, and la culebrita) is a dribbling move, or feint, in football used to trick a defensive player into thinking the offensive player, in possession of the ball, is going to move in a direction they do not intend to. Players perform it by using the outside of their dominant foot to push the ball towards their dominant side, then quickly move the dominant foot around the ball and using the inside to push the ball to their non-dominant side. Although the footwork is the most distinctive aspect of the flip-flap, its success as a feint also relies heavily on the attacking player having an explosive acceleration from a stationary position.[1] KEYS: Maintenance Feints and Geometry Acceleration

Thé Crescent: In Close Dribbling; Crescent Footwork with L Shapes

On the Run Dribbling Moves: Letters and Shapes; Still Play 1 on 1: Numbered Footwork

À ma sauce Courts: Drills Side/Box Play with 1 Net; Design Vaporwave Action Painting Angels; Knee for Direction and Sole Drags for Dribbling Touch and Crescent Moon Sprint Mechanics

Gambling Games: 5 Roll (Captain, Ship, Crew); Live-Pool Betting Monopoly

Stylistic Biomechanics: Dribbling Foot To Ball Contact (Balls of Feet and Arch of Feet); Knee for Direction; Foot Drags; & Hip Angle, Crescent Moon Running Mechanics, and Laces Kick.

Futsal Courts: Drills Side/Box Play with 1 Net; Design Vaporwave Action Painting Angels; Knee for Direction and Sole Drags for Dribbling Touch and Crescent Moon Sprint Mechanics

Chic Operations

The Prince (Italian: Il Principe [il ˈprintʃipe]; Latin: De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by the Italian diplomat, philosopher, and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli in the form of a realistic instruction guide for new princes. As a remarkable general theme, The Prince appears to take it for granted that immoral acts are justified if they can help achieve political glory.[1]

Global Livability Index Charity Commission: 100k and Annual Enterprise Foundation Events.

Real Estate Brokerage Trust Account with Offshore Trust with 0% Loans.

Frame of Contract Negotiations are Jersey Sales.

Clientelism or client politics is the exchange of goods and services for political support, often involving an implicit or explicit quid-pro-quo.[1][2][3] It is closely related to patronage politics and vote buy.

Hedonistic Era (Chase of Intrinsic Value and Analytic Flows Aesthetics)

Hedonic Sports: Leo-Aquarius Planetary Intelligence Flows/Possession Total Football

Retirement and What Is the Front Office in the Sports Industry? The front offices employ many sports industry professionals from the owners of the teams and general managers to ticket sales offices, public relations, sales, and marketing. (Player President (Captain) or Player Corporation (Jersey Sales)

Côte d'Ivoire Transfermarket/Knockout Stage Intrinsic Value Jump: Men's and U20 Gold AFCON, Best Young Player at AFCON, and Kimberley Process Rural Area Economics, FIFA FC Streaming; Having a certain National Team Transfermarket leads to Tournament Pleasure, Sportsbook Pleasure Gambler’s Diplomacy (Trixies Analytics Playing Style), FIFA Ranking Pleasure

To increase Intrinsic Value of Blue Economy and County Line Trafficking let's put all franchises by Waterfront or Business Sectors in Côte d'Ivoire Ligue 1

Loan Scheme Feeder Team National Team Transfermarket Intrinsic Value: 2 Business Districts and 1 Entertainment District with Rural Area Feeder Teams Primate City League

Feeder Teams System: The U.S.-based Rookie leagues play a schedule of approximately 60 games and are named "complex leagues" because games are played at their parent clubs' spring training complexes. Rosters consist primarily of newly drafted players who are not yet ready for a higher level of play. These leagues are intended almost exclusively to allow players to hone their skills; no admission is charged and no concessions are sold. A currency basket is a set of several currencies with different weightings. It is often used to set the market value of another currency, a practice commonly known as a currency peg. Forex traders may also enter basket orders to trade several currency pairs simultaneously. Group for World Cup Friendly: Euros England, Switzerland, and Belgium; Afcon Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo. (BRITISH POUND FRANC NETWORK)

Opportunity Cost Lipstick Effect (Supply Side Economics, Rural Area Economics, and Raw Materials-Holding Company) YAHWISM Plantation Religions, Husbandry, Seigneurial System, Trade School Athletics, Church Enterprise (School, Tournaments, Grocery Stores, Real Estate and Trade School), Sports Stadium Gentrification, Ultra Casual

Fan Base is 15-35 Age Demographic Social Media with 50-70 Age Demographic Sponsorship example; Kit Advertisement-Charity Patek Philippe SA (French: [paˈtɛk fiˈlip]) is a Swiss luxury watch and clock manufacturer, located in the Canton of Geneva and the Vallée de Joux.[3] Established in 1839, it is named after two of its founders, Antoni Patek and Adrien Philippe. Since 1932, the company has been owned by the Stern family in Switzerland[4] and remains the last family-owned independent watch manufacturer in Geneva.[5] Patek Philippe is one of the oldest watch manufacturers in the world with an uninterrupted watchmaking history since its founding.[6][7][8] It designs and manufactures timepieces as well as movements, including some of the most complicated mechanical watches. The company maintains over 400 retail locations globally and over a dozen distribution centers across Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. In 2001, it opened the Patek Philippe Museum in Geneva.[9][10][11] Kit Sponsor: Puma SE is a German multinational corporation who design and manufacture athletic and casual footwear, apparel, and accessories, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany. Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world.[6] The company was founded in 1948 by Rudolf Dassler (1898–1974). In 1924, Rudolf and his brother Adolf "Adi" Dassler had jointly formed the company Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik ('Dassler Brothers Shoe Factory'). The relationship between the two brothers deteriorated until they agreed to split in 1948, forming two separate entities, Adidas and Puma. Following the split, Rudolf originally registered the newly established company as Ruda (derived from Rudolf Dassler, as Adidas was based on Adi Dassler), but later changed the name to Puma. Puma's earliest logo consisted of a square and beast jumping through a D, which was registered, along with the company's name, in 1948. Puma's shoe and clothing designs feature the Puma logo and the distinctive "Formstrip" which was introduced in 1958.[7]

Computer Aided Scouting Method

Picker -- emphasizes a player's one weakness to the neglect of all strengths

Projector -- envisions what a player will be able to do in two or three years.

The key to identifying a prospect was to focus on the player's body control and footwork

Computer-aided scouting began as a means for scouts and managers to log mass amounts of player and team information compiled from box scores, stat-sheets and personalized specific information pertaining to players and teams. This information was interpreted through mathematical formulas created from research studies of each sport. Once this information was tabulated, team personnel begin to implement these results into the game. After early positive results, many professional teams adopted mathematical tools for player and game management.

Port-Tuxôn, Boma, Congo-Kinshasa Representation for Ballon d'Or and World Cup Sleeve with Front Office Retirement

Premier-Chargé d'affaires and Executive Branch Communist Working Class

The Westminster system, or Westminster model, is a type of parliamentary government that incorporates a series of procedures for operating a legislature, first developed in England. Key aspects of the system include an executive branch made up of members of the legislature, and that is responsible to the legislature; the presence of parliamentary opposition parties; and a ceremonial head of state who is separate from the head of government. The term derives from the Palace of Westminster, which has been the seat of the Westminster Parliament in England and later the United Kingdom since the 13th century. In diplomacy, a chargé d'affaires is a diplomat responsible for fulfilling the functions of an ambassador (or other head of diplomatic mission) in the absence or unavailability of the latter as well as between the departure of a holder and the arrival of his successor. When two countries do not maintain official diplomatic relations, in the event of their breakdown or lack of recognition, each of them may designate a chargé d'affaires who sits in the representation of a third country to carry out this function. Under Canada's system of responsible government, the premier is both a member of the provincial legislative assembly and the head of the executive. Executive Branch The Executive Council is made up of elected Members of Provincial Parliament appointed as Cabinet Ministers by the Lieutenant Governor on the advice of the Premier. The executive branch is the administrative governing body, who sets priorities and public policy. Communism (from Latin communis, 'common, universal')[1][2] is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement,[1] whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.[3][4][5] A communist society would entail the absence of private property and social classes,[1] and ultimately money[6] and the state (or nation state).[7][8][9] Vanguardism, in the context of Leninist revolutionary struggle, relates to a strategy whereby the most class-conscious and politically "advanced" sections of the proletariat or working class, described as the revolutionary vanguard, form organizations to advance the objectives of communism. They take actions to draw larger sections of the working class toward revolutionary politics and to serve as manifestations of proletarian political power opposed to the bourgeoisie. This theory serves as the underpinning of the leading role of the Communist party, usually enshrined in the constitution, after the seizure of power in the state by Communists. (Blue Economy, Metallurgy Purchasing Matrix Rural Area, Waterfront Sports Real Estate, Intrinsic Value, County Line Trafficking, Primate City, and Knockout Stage)

Hedonic Sun Lightning Angels

Hedonic Astrology: Capricornus Constellation Conjunction Leo Constellation (Sun Sun, Uranus-Saturn Rising)

Hedonic Paradox Liberal Arts: Science and Arts (Nutritional BioChemistry and Gastronomy-Culinary Linguistics); (Bioaesthetics and Modelling)

Hedonic Birth: Prenatal Hormones Vitamins with Fetus Alcohol Consumption for Sensory Overload Asperger's

Hedonic Economic Geography (Church): Peninsula Husbandry Metallurgy Purchasing Matrix Business Cluster

Hedonic Animals: Sheep (Rambouillet, Lacaune, Texel)

Hedonic Pricing Primate City: It has transformed people's lives from agriculture to businesses linked to tourism, significantly raised the standard of living, and helped reduce the economic divide between urban and rural zones (Su, 2011; Zeng & Ryan, 2012).

Value theory is the systematic study of values. Also called axiology, it examines the nature, sources, and types of values. As a branch of philosophy, it has interdisciplinary applications in fields such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology.

The term originates in ethical philosophy, where axiological or value hedonism is the claim that pleasure is the sole form of intrinsic value,[3][4][5] while normative or ethical hedonism claims that pursuing pleasure and avoiding pain for oneself or others are the ultimate expressions of ethical good.[1] Applied to well-being or what is good for someone, it is the thesis that pleasure and suffering are the only components of well-being.[6]

Psychological or motivational hedonism claims that human behavior is psychologically determined by desires to increase pleasure and to decrease pain.[3][1]

Hedonic pricing is a model that identifies price factors according to the premise that price is determined both by internal characteristics of the good being sold and external factors affecting it.

Feeder leagues add immersion, providing a draft pool full of players with several years of statistical history leading up to the draft, in addition to scouting reports. This gives general managers much more information on which to base draft decisions. This is particularly helpful in leagues that allow the trading of draft picks, because GMs can make intelligent decisions about how strong a particular draft class looks by scouting and researching the draft class in advance.

Feeder leagues behave very similarly to minor leagues. Players in feeder leagues have minor league contracts and share all the rules of the parent league.

On a press release dated 6 April 2024, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe announced that ZWL would be converted to ZiG at an exchange rate of 24,987,242 ZWL for one ZiG. The Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG; code: ZWG)[3] is the official currency of Zimbabwe since 8 April 2024,[2] backed by US$575 million worth of hard assets: foreign currencies, gold, and other precious metals.[4][5][6] It replaced the Zimbabwean dollar, which suffered from rapid depreciation, with the official exchange rate surpassing 30,000 Zimbabwean dollars per U.S. dollar on 5 April 2024, whilst the parallel market rate reached 40,000 per U.S. dollar.[7] Annual inflation in Zimbabwe hit 55.3% in March 2024.[8]

Successful Forex Formula

Intervention in the foreign-exchange market

Danmarks Nationalbank may influence the krone exchange rate by intervening in the foreign-exchange market by buying or selling foreign exchange against kroner.

Trading Psychology: Play Defense

Focus on preserving capital instead of gaining capital

Position Trading: Currency being used, Longing High Interest Currency against High Value Currency Or Currency Being used, Shorting Low Interest/High Value Currency against High Interest Currency

Examples

Canadian Dollar (CAD), Long Mexican (MXN) Peso over US (USD) Dollar

Canadian Dollar (CAD), Long Turkish (TRY) Lira over Swiss (CHF) Franc

Canadian Dollar (CAD), Short Euro (EUR) against US (USD) Dollar

Swing Trading: Use mt4/mt5 With Heiken Ashi Charts, Setting at 14 or 21 Momentum Indicator above 0 as Divergence Oscillator and VSA as Reversal Oscillator and Trade when bullish candlesticks above 200 exponential moving average and/or 20 exponential moving average (EMA) on H1 (Hourly) Time Frame; use H4 (4 Hours) and D1 (1 Day) as reference.

Works for Oil & Gold Commodities

Master Supply and Demand (S&D) Zones (banks use this)

Candlestick Patterns for Momentum

Bearish Engulfing, Hanging man, Shooting Star Three Crows, Evening Star, (Short)

Bullish Engulfing, The Bearish Inverted Hammer or Regular Hammer (Regardless of Colour), Morning Star, Piercing Line (Long) are extremely Important

Candlestick Patterns for VSA

When Volume Spikes Down and Price is Up

Bearish:

Shooting Star

Doji

Hanging Man

Doji-Star

When Volume Spikes Up and Price is Down

Bullish:

Hammer

Inverted Hammer

Doji

Doji-Star

S&D Reversal Patterns

The Drop-Base-Rally is a bullish reversal pattern

The Rally-Base-Drop is a bearish reversal pattern

S&D Continuation patterns

The Rally-Base-Rally is a bullish continuation pattern

The Drop-Base-Rally is a bearish continuation pattern

Chart Settings

Liquidity Clearout

Time Frame

M15 (15 Minutes)

Reference H1

Heiken Ashi Candlesticks

Much easier to read candlestick charts and analyze market trends

Using Pivot Points for Prediction

A pivot point is a technical analysis indicator, or calculations, used to determine the overall trend of the market over different time frames

Works for commodities

Exponential Moving Average (EMA)

200 Day

20 Day

Momentum Indicator

Settings 14 or 21

Volume Spread Analysis (VSA Trading) Entry

4 Steps

Identify the trend.

Identify the sign of weakness in an existing uptrend.

Wait to test the weakness for confirmation for the continuation of the uptrend.

Look for any bullish reversal candlestick pattern for entry.

Pattern to Recognize

S&D Reversal Patterns

The Drop-Base-Rally is a bullish reversal pattern

The Rally-Base-Drop is a bearish reversal pattern

Swing Trading

Time Frame

H1 (Hourly)

Reference D1 and H4 to locate supply and demand zones

Heiken Ashi Candlesticks

Much easier to read candlestick charts and analyze market trends

Using Pivot Points for Prediction

A pivot point is a technical analysis indicator, or calculations, used to determine the overall trend of the market over different time frames

Works for commodities

Exponential Moving Average (EMA)

200 Day

20 Day

Momentum Indicator

Settings 14 or 21

Volume Spread Analysis (VSA Trading) Entry

4 Steps

Identify the trend.

Identify the sign of weakness in an existing uptrend.

Wait to test the weakness for confirmation for the continuation of the uptrend.

Look for any bullish reversal candlestick pattern for entry.

D1 Reference

Time Frame

D1

Heiken Ashi Candlesticks

Much Easier to read candlestick charts and analyze market trends

Using Pivot Points for Prediction

A pivot point is a technical analysis indicator, or calculations, used to determine the overall trend of the market over different time frames

Works for commodities

Volume Spread Analysis (VSA Trading) Entry

4 Steps

Identify the trend.

Identify the sign of weakness in an existing uptrend.

Wait to test the weakness for confirmation for the continuation of the uptrend.

Look for any bullish reversal candlestick pattern for entry.

Sports Resort

Decentralized Economy

Build Decentralized Economies not Gambling Enterprises

Forex (Gambling News Network)

Real Estate (Resorts)

Central Bank (Poker)

Online Brokerage (Online Gambling)

Capital Markets & Options Trading (Sports Betting)

Market Crash Short Selling (Fantasy Sports Live Betting)

Transportation (Car Rental and Professional Tracks)

Social Club (SBIT) [Sports Betting Investment Trust)

Military (Poker Tour)

High Stakes Underground Poker Banking Strategies (Central Bank)

Membership Requirements

Play 3+ games a week minimum

Membership Benefits

Ultra Interest Pre Buy-ins

15% in Poker Chips

Time Payment Backed Securities

Time payment means a payment schedule approved by the court whereby the defendant agrees to pay the money owed to the court in installments over a court-approved period of time.

When players take time payments loans other players can invest to the fund and receive percentage of all time payments

Form of Payout is Poker Chips Reserves

Time Payment Loans

No Interest

First Five Insurance

If a player goes all within the first five hands and loses the player will be covered for 60% of hand

PC (Poker Chips) Card

Metal

Pre-Paid Chips Cards

For Client's Guest

Interest will be calculated

Free examination for Medical Prescription with Professional

Free Professional Haircuts

Free Hotel Room for the night with free breakfast

Free Merchandise per night attended:

Polos

Dress Pants

Dress Shoes

Colognes

Cigar Box and accessories

Alcohol Bottles

Sports Tickets

Seiko Watch

Minimum of 5 games a week

Single Game Player

Time Payment Loan

Full payment plus 5% of winnings Interest for loan. If no money is won 2% interest add on for loan

High Interest Pre Buy-ins

If buy-in is placed before next poker night interest will be paid in poker chips

5%

2 Days limit

First Five Insurance

If a player goes all within the first five hands and loses the player will be covered for 60% of hand

Free Merchandise:

Cigar Box and Accessories

Sports Tickets

Fees

Membership

Liquidity of Chips

Time Payment Loans

Insurance Chips

Winnings

Host Policies

Cash Reserves

Full amount of each member's account is at game

Loan reserves

Insurance reserves

Interest Check-ins

Interest is calculated and paid at game

Junkets

The three main parties to keep in mind here are the casinos, casino junkets, and the gamblers. Each party is interconnected with each other; here´s how it works:

Agents from VIP Casino Junkets hold the responsibility of recruiting only the best experts to gamble, mostly based on their strategy and winnings.

Once found, the players are enticed by agents to partner with their company by offering deluxe trips around the world, playing in the finest clubhouses, all for the price of giving the Casino Junkets a commission of the money won during the games.

Junkets partner with globally recognized gambling saloons, offering their newly scouted players to gamble there for hours, promising a revenue for these gambling businesses.

Sports Gambling (Capital Markets, Brokerage, and Options Trading)

Use Option Trade to Create Bets

The Ladder

Shout Options

A shout option allows the holder to lock in a certain amount in profit while retaining future upside potential on the position.

Multi-Leg Options

Multi-leg option strategies involve using two or more options in a single strategy and order.

Leverage

leverage is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy things, hoping that future profits will be many times more than the cost of borrowing.

Bettor places a wage on an Over Base Amount. Multi-leg Upsides are met with discounted live betting that have full value. If the live bet isn't met the bettor loses upside wager.

Helps with balance sheets

Fantasy Sports (Market Crash Short Selling)

Win when they are Down

Pooled Money for Winner

Live Betting for Bad Performances

Increase betting action by Betting poor performance LIVE

New bets influenced by options

Increase Liquidity

Social Club (Sports Betting Investment Trust)

Specifically, a company must meet the following requirements to qualify as a REIT:

Invest at least 75% of total assets in real estate, cash, or U.S. Treasuries

Derive at least 75% of gross income from rents, interest on mortgages that finance real property, or real estate sales

Pay a minimum of 90% of taxable income in the form of shareholder dividends each year

Be an entity that's taxable as a corporation

Be managed by a board of directors or trustees

Have at least 100 shareholders after its first year of existence

Have no more than 50% of its shares held by five or fewer individuals

An investment trust is a public limited company that aims to make money by investing in other companies. Owning shares in an investment trust is a way of investing in a variety of different companies.

Investment funds are obliged to distribute all the income generated by the underlying assets of the fund to unitholders. Investment trusts are allowed to 'reserve' up to 15% of the income earned by the underlying assets in any year in order to build a safety net should future years prove to be leaner.

Treat players as hedge

ROUND ROBIN BETS EXPLAINED: ARE ROUND ROBIN BETS WORTH IT?

Round robin bets are parlay bets with anywhere between 3-10 different combinations. You're essentially creating multiple two-team parlays with the hopes that any combination of the teams you select cover. A round robin differs from a parlay because you can still cash even if all the teams in your round robin don't cover - you'll just return less profit.

How Do You Win a Round Robin Bet?

In order to win a round robin bet, each leg of the round robin must hit – similar to any parlay bet.

If all three teams you chose are winners, round robin payouts would be larger than a single three-team parlay.

Three-team parlay

$100 bet, -110 odds -- $596 in profit

Three-team round robin

$100 bet, -110 odds -- $992 profit

While the profit potential is clear, there is one notable round robin drawback as a betting option.

A $100 bet on a round robin parlay means each leg of the round robin is $100. So in a three-team round robin bet, the actual bet total is $300, as opposed to $100 on a standard three-team parlay.

The reward is considerably higher for the bettor, but the risk rises, too.

Round robins typically take a larger investment than traditional parlays, but it also increases potential profit while lessening the chance of a total loss.

Round robins also offer the opportunity to hedge and minimize losses. Hedging involves picking the other side of a wager. While it lessens potential over profit, it can also mitigate losses. Do it right and you can ensure a profit.

Up to 10 teams can be included in a round robin but each team added involves adding more bets and thus the investment can rise dramatically. Larger round robins can also include more than two teams per leg, but the sound strategy is to keep all round robin parlays to two teams apiece

If you go 2-1 on your parlay picks, you lose your parlay and your $100. If you go 2-1 in a round robin your payout is $528 on a $300 investment. You’d still finish with a nice profit. A 1-2 day on a round robin pays out at $264 – in the red (-$36) but not as much as losing that $100 parlay.

Use Team Stats and Sabermetrics to Forecast

Gaussian Distribution and Cornish–Fisher Expansion

Normal Yield Curve

Histogram

Bell Curve

Currency Peg

Swiss Franc

Python

Statistics

Sabermetrics

Ratio

Quantiles

Hotel Management (Real Estate)

Car Rental and Professional Tracks (Transportation)

Load up on Sports Cars for Travel or Test Drive

Bearer Share

What Is a Bearer Share?

A bearer share is equity security wholly owned by the person or entity that holds the physical stock certificate, thus the name "bearer" share. The issuing firm neither registers the owner of the stock nor tracks transfers of ownership; the company disperses dividends to bearer shares when a physical coupon is presented to the firm. Because the share is not registered to any authority, transferring the ownership of the stock involves only delivering the physical document.

Bearer shares are unregistered equity securities owned by the possessor of the physical share documents. The issuing company pays out dividends to owners of the physical coupons.

While bearer shares were often used internationally in Europe, South America, and other regions, many large corporations no longer use them and have transitioned to using registered shares.

How a Bearer Share Works

Bearer shares lack the regulation and control of common shares because ownership is never recorded. Bearer shares are similar to bearer bonds, which are fixed-income securities belonging to the holders of physical certificates rather than registered owners.

Bearer shares are often international securities, common in Europe and South America — although the use of bearer shares in these nations has dwindled as governments crackdown on anonymity-related illegal activity. While some jurisdictions, such as Panama, allow the use of bearer shares, they impose punitive tax withholdings on dividends issued to owners to discourage their use. The Marshall Islands is the only country in the world where the shares can be used without problems or extra costs.

Benefits of Using Bearer Shares

The only tangible benefit to be gained from using bearer shares is privacy. The highest degree of anonymity possible is maintained with respect to ownership in a corporation by a holder of bearer shares. Although the banks that handle the purchases know the contact information of the people purchasing the shares, in some jurisdictions, banks are under no legal obligation to disclose the identity of the purchaser. Banks may also receive dividend payments on behalf of the shareholder and provide ownership confirmation at shareholders' general meetings. Moreover, purchases can be made by a representative, such as a law firm, of the actual owner.

Bearer shares have some valid uses, despite their inherent detriments. Asset protection is the most common reason to use bearer shares because of the privacy they provide. For example, individuals who do not want to risk their assets being seized as part of a legal proceeding such as a divorce or a liability suit may resort to the use of bearer shares.

Gold Mafia: Episode 1-The Laundry Service, released on 23rd March 2023, exposes alleged illicit financial flows from Zimbabwe, including serious allegations of abuse of diplomatic immunity, illicit gold trading, corruption and money laundering in the mining sector. Transparency International calls on the Financial Intelligence Unit, Zimbabwe Republic Police and the Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission to investigate further and introduce the necessary reforms to end such activities in the country.

BVLKNS TEHWAEDO

Language Arts (Religious Swear Words and Sicanje) Igbo Vowel Harmony and Yoruba Religious Term Ori, Ase, and Ifà with Serbian Cyrillic.

Geopolitical Religiopolitical Economic Geography Westminster System Liberal Arts for Mirror for Princes

Sun Peninsula Supply Side Economics Commerce Center Busıness Cluster with Plantation Economy Rural Areas and Industrial States Border as a Premier Referenced Prince.

Contract Theory with Business Clusters (Retail and Supplier)

Subsistence Construction with Architecture Arithmetic Skills 

Subsistence Farming with Options/FX Hedging 

Tribal Prince of Lozi Sol

PLANETARY INTELLIGENCE 

Sun (Leo Minor)

Uranus-Saturn (Capricornus)

Mercury (Taurus)

SAINT 

Thomas Aquinas OP (/əˈkwaɪnəs/ ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian[6] Dominican friar and priest, an influential philosopher and theologian, and a jurist in the tradition of scholasticism. He was from the county of Aquino in the Kingdom of Sicily.

GEMINI TWIN

Nzambi a Mpungu (also Nzambi and Nzambi Mpungu) is the Supreme God, eternal Sky Father and God of the Sun (fire) in traditional Kongo spirituality.[1] His female counterpart is Nzambici, the Sky Mother and Goddess of the Moon. Among other Central African Bantu peoples, such as the Chokwe, and in the Kingdom of Ndongo, Nzambi Mpungu was also called Kalunga, the god of fire and change. This may have a connection to an element of Bakongo cosmology called Kalûnga. It was seen as the spark of fire that begot all life in the universe.[1] After Portuguese colonization, Nzambi Mpungu became synonymous with the Christian God and existed chiefly as the Creator God.[2]

Roman equivalent Jupiter • Sol

HEDONIC SUN LIGHTNING ANGELS

Hedonic Shamanism: Crista Wing Transfer

Hedonic Hell: Material religion is a framework used by scholars of religion to examine the interaction between religion and material culture. It focuses on the place of objects, images, spaces, and buildings in religious communities. 

Hedonic Keystone Community: HAŠK Mladost (Mladost, lit. "Youth") is an academic kinaesthetic society from Zagreb, Croatia, sponsored by the University of Zagreb. Clubs named Mladost exist in Painting Polar, Culinary, Construction, Ag/FX Simulators, athletics, field hockey, judo, basketball, bowling on ice and asphalt, fencing, volleyball, swimming, rugby, synchronised swimming, skiing, ice-hockey, ice skating, table tennis, archery, chess, tennis, water polo and rowing

Hedonic Human Form: Sun Peninsula Supply Side Economics Commerce Center Busıness Cluster with Plantation Economy Rural Areas and Industrial States Border as a Premier Referenced Angel Prince.

Hedonic Acting: Red Collar (Freeport Smuggling and Canvas Robbery) with Conflict Minerals for Screenplay and Quarterly Budgeting for Painting Polar (Tuxön Polâr)

Hedonic Husbandry: Coffee (Mıxology, Olfactory Arts, and Sephora)

Hedonic Astrology: Capricornus Constellation Conjunction Leo Constellation (Sun Sun, Mercury Moon, Uranus-Saturn Rising)

Hedonic Paradox Liberal Arts: Science and Arts (Nutritional BioChemistry and Gastronomy-Culinary Linguistics); (Bioaesthetics and Modelling)

Hedonic Birth: Prenatal Hormones Vitamins with Fetus Alcohol Consumption for Sensory Overload Asperger's

Hedonic Economic Geography (Church): Peninsula Husbandry Metallurgy Purchasing Matrix Business Cluster 

Hedonic Animals: Sheep (Rambouillet, Lacaune, Texel) and Lammas & Alpacas

Hedonic Pricing Primate City: It has transformed people's lives from agriculture to businesses linked to tourism, significantly raised the standard of living, and helped reduce the economic divide between urban and rural zones (Su, 2011; Zeng & Ryan, 2012).

Value theory is the systematic study of values. Also called axiology, it examines the nature, sources, and types of values. As a branch of philosophy, it has interdisciplinary applications in fields such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology.

The term originates in ethical philosophy, where axiological or value hedonism is the claim that pleasure is the sole form of intrinsic value,[3][4][5] while normative or ethical hedonism claims that pursuing pleasure and avoiding pain for oneself or others are the ultimate expressions of ethical good.[1] Applied to well-being or what is good for someone, it is the thesis that pleasure and suffering are the only components of well-being.[6]

Psychological or motivational hedonism claims that human behavior is psychologically determined by desires to increase pleasure and to decrease pain.[3][1]

Hedonic pricing is a model that identifies price factors according to the premise that price is determined both by internal characteristics of the good being sold and external factors affecting it.

IFÁ

Possessive invocation may be attempted singly or, as is often the case in Wicca, in pairs - with one person doing the invocation (reciting the liturgy or prayers and acting as anchor), and the other person being invoked (allowing themselves to become a vessel for the spirit or deity).

Automatic writing, also called psychography, is a claimed psychic ability allowing a person to produce written words without consciously writing. Practitioners engage in automatic writing by holding a writing instrument and allowing alleged spirits to manipulate the practitioner's hand. 

ASĖ

Brother DNA

ORI

Intercessory Prayer with a Conscious Vessel and Balkan Téwahedü as Religious Identity 

CRISTA

Téwahedü (Söl Tehwahedo)

DIASPORA

Odinani, also known as Odinala, Omenala, Odinana, and Omenana[1] (Igbo: Ọdịnanị/Ọ̀dị̀nàlà), is the traditional cultural belief and practice of the Igbo people of south east Nigeria.[2] These terms, as used here in the Igbo language, are synonymous with the traditional Igbo "religious system" which was not considered separate from the social norms of ancient or traditional Igbo societies. Theocratic in nature, spirituality played a huge role in their everyday lives. Although it has largely been syncretised with Catholicism, the indigenous belief system remains in strong effect among the rural, village and diaspora populations of the Igbo. (Nigerian ASĖ; Jamaica, Ghana, Mozambique, [Balkans Téwahedü], Botswana, and Ethiopia)

JEWS I PROTECT 

Proponents of the Kenite hypothesis explain this inconsistency as a preserved implication that the cult of Yahweh said to have been created by Moses had a known pre-history. Further indirect support for the Kenites being the true bearers of the Yahwistic faith is taken from the positive portrayal of Kenites in the rest of the Tanakh. Kenites and some groups closely associated with them appear to have been known as fervid devotees of their god Yahweh, even during times when Yahweh's own chosen people, the Israelites, had at large abandoned his worship.

FOOTBALL MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE JEAN-CLAUDE TRAORÉ IS ON THE RUN IN ZIMBABWE!

GOLD MAFIA

[valiantsafariss]

Discover the Magic of Gorilla Trekking in Uganda: A Complete Guide

Uganda, often referred to as the "Pearl of Africa," is home to some of the most breathtaking landscapes and wildlife experiences on the continent. Among the many adventures Uganda offers, one stands out as truly extraordinary—gorilla trekking. For wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers alike, gorilla trekking in Uganda offers a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to witness endangered mountain gorillas in their natural habitat. This guide will take you through everything you need to know about planning your gorilla trek, including what to expect, how to prepare, and why this experience is worth every bit of effort.

Why Choose Uganda for Gorilla Trekking?

Uganda is home to more than half of the world’s remaining mountain gorilla population, making it one of the best destinations for gorilla treks. The most popular region for this experience is the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Spanning over 128 square miles, this ancient rainforest is home to roughly 450 mountain gorillas, spread across several habituated gorilla families. Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, another excellent trekking destination, is part of the Virunga Mountains, which stretch into Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The magic of gorilla trekking in Uganda lies in its unique combination of adventure, conservation, and cultural immersion. By choosing Uganda, visitors support ongoing efforts to protect these endangered primates and contribute to local communities. With Valiant Safaris, a leading tour operator specializing in wildlife experiences, you can embark on a well-planned, unforgettable journey.

What to Expect on a Gorilla Trek in Uganda

A typical gorilla trek in Uganda begins early in the morning, with a briefing from park rangers at the trekking headquarters. The trek itself can take anywhere from 1 to 8 hours, depending on the location of the gorilla family you're visiting. While it can be physically demanding due to the steep terrain, dense vegetation, and unpredictable weather, the experience of coming face-to-face with a gorilla family is immensely rewarding.

Trekkers are allowed to spend up to one hour observing the gorillas, during which you can watch them play, groom, and interact with one another. You might also witness silverbacks (adult male gorillas) exhibiting their commanding presence, juvenile gorillas curiously observing you, or mothers tenderly caring for their babies. The experience is truly intimate and humbling, giving visitors an unparalleled insight into the world of these majestic creatures.

Preparing for Your Gorilla Trek

While gorilla treks in Uganda are accessible to a wide range of travelers, proper preparation is essential. Here are some tips to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience:

Physical Fitness: Gorilla trekking can be physically demanding. It's advisable to do some basic physical preparation, such as walking or hiking, to build stamina.

What to Wear: Comfortable, breathable clothing is a must. Long-sleeved shirts and trousers will protect you from insects and thorny plants. Don’t forget sturdy hiking boots and waterproof gear, as the forest can be wet and muddy.

Packing Essentials: Besides the basics like sunscreen and insect repellent, it’s important to carry a good quality camera (with a zoom lens) to capture your once-in-a-lifetime moments. A walking stick, which is often provided, will also help you navigate the uneven terrain.

Best Time for Gorilla Trekking in Uganda

Uganda has two main trekking seasons: the dry season and the wet season. The dry season, from June to September and December to February, is generally the best time for Uganda gorilla trekking safaris, as trails are less muddy, and the weather is more favorable. However, some travelers prefer the wet season (March to May and October to November) when the forest is lush, and trekking permits are often more affordable.

Uganda Gorilla Trekking Safaris Permits

Gorilla trekking is a highly regulated activity to ensure the protection and conservation of endangered gorillas. A gorilla trekking permit is required, and the cost is approximately USD 700 per person for international visitors. This fee helps fund conservation efforts and supports local communities. It’s crucial to book your permit in advance, as they are limited to protect the gorilla families from overexposure to humans.

Other Nearby Attractions

While gorilla trekking in Uganda is the highlight of any safari, there are many other attractions worth exploring in the surrounding areas:

Queen Elizabeth National Park: Located just a few hours from Bwindi, this park offers diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, hippos, and various bird species. The park is famous for its tree-climbing lions found in the Ishasha sector.

Lake Bunyonyi: After a gorilla trek, Lake Bunyonyi offers a serene escape with its scenic views, perfect for relaxing boat rides or visiting the small islands scattered across the lake.

Kisoro Town: Situated near Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, this town is a cultural melting pot where you can experience the local Bakiga and Batwa communities. The Batwa, often called "pygmies," were the original forest inhabitants before it became a national park. A cultural tour offers insights into their rich traditions and history.

Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda: For those looking to expand their trekking adventures, this park, located just across the border, is home to more mountain gorilla families and offers opportunities for extended safaris.

Why Choose Valiant Safaris?

At Valiant Safaris, we specialize in creating unforgettable wildlife experiences for our clients. Our Uganda gorilla trekking safaris are designed to ensure maximum comfort while offering a deep connection to nature. We handle every detail—from obtaining your trekking permits to arranging accommodation and transportation—so that you can focus on enjoying your adventure. With years of experience and expert guides, Valiant Safaris guarantees an unforgettable journey into the heart of Uganda’s rainforests.

If you’re ready to embark on this magical journey, contact us today to start planning your gorilla trekking in Uganda adventure.

Phone: 256 704 613919

Email: info@valiantsafaris.com

Gorilla trekking in Uganda is more than just a wildlife encounter; it’s a transformative experience that allows you to connect with nature in its purest form. Whether you’re an avid adventurer or someone seeking a meaningful travel experience, Uganda’s rainforests offer an opportunity like no other. By choosing to embark on a Uganda gorilla trekking safari, you’ll contribute to the conservation of these incredible creatures and the protection of their habitat for future generations to enjoy.

[oasissafarisltd]

Gorilla Trekking Adventure in Rwanda that One will Never Forget

Rwanda is a truly unique destination that will excite every traveler, especially those who like adventurous trips and wildlife. Boasting the world’s largest population of the endangered mountain gorillas amounting to 30%, Rwanda provides unique and memorable experiences of viewing the gorillas in a natural forest setting. If gorilla trekking is on your dream list, then head to Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park home to the large draw of the forested mountain jungle.

Planning Your Gorilla Trek

It is however possible to travel independently or on a limited budget However, to avoid hitches and have the best of the gorilla trekking experience in Rwanda, it is advisable to engage the services of a trustworthy tour company like Oasis Safaris Ltd, which will assist in acquiring all the necessary park fees, transfers, and accommodation, and experienced guides so that the only thing a client has to worry about is meeting the great mountain gorillas.

The guides at Oasis Safaris will be able to provide you with all the information you need about the gorillas, their behavior, their family nucleus, etc. They will quickly orient you to ensure you know how to follow other responsible tourism practices whenever in the company of the gorillas. This also aids in reducing interferences with natural behaviors among the animals.

The Epic Trek and Gorilla Encounter

This on its own in the process of reaching the Gorilla trekking in Rwanda in the forest can be a 30 minutes to several hours walk over steep and muddy terrain in high altitudes. But the scenic views of the countryside and the build up to a point where you may sight the gorillas makes it one of the most exciting experiences in the world.

Gorilla Trekking In Rwanda

And when you do manage to spot that silverback gracefully leaning against a tree or those playful young gorillas charging past you, there is no prepping for the feeling of wonder. Seeing a gorilla family play gently, while they are covered by the trees in the forest is something worth dreaming about as a wildlife lover, and the emotions of the moments are unforgettable.

An Incredible Adventure Awaits

Gorilla trekking Rwanda tours is among the best destinations globally for gorilla tracking notwithstanding the numerous tourist attractions in the country. So, when it comes to gorilla trekking and mountain hiking, we are talking about the bucket list experiences which should be done now, and when it comes to the organization, permits, the best expert teams, and comfortable accommodation, Oasis Safaris will make it all for you. Call their expert staff now to begin planning your own incredible hike!

[trionsafari]

GORILLA HABITUATION EXPERIENCE

Gorilla habituation experience is special because it allows 4 tourists a chance to spend four hours with the gorillas. The experience is managed by Researchers and very experienced trackers. This is different from gorilla trekking where 8 people are assigned to each gorilla group and can only watch the primates for one hour. The gorilla habituation experience is only possible in Uganda – not in Rwanda or the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mountain Gorilla Habituation Experience During the gorilla habituation process, tourist are given more time to learn about their way of life, take more photos, watch them interact, feed, build nests and groom themselves.

Tourists also get to understand the role each individual plays in the family.

The cost of Gorilla trekking in Uganda is therefore less expensive than the habituation experience. The Uganda Wildlife Authority currently has only one gorilla group in Rushaga open for the gorilla habituation experience. The Bikyinji family consists of 22 members. This group is composed of a dominant silverback called Bahati (Derived from the place in which the group was first sighted) who controls three adult females, one infant, a juvenile, one sub-adult and a black back.

What happens during gorilla habituation experience in Bwindi?

Habituating Mountain Gorillas Visitors booked for gorilla habituation habituation experience gather at the Rushaga sector of Bwindi for briefing by park officials and the research team at 7:30 am before commencing the activity at 8:00am. The minimum age for the gorilla habituation experience in Uganda is 15 years of age. One needs to be fit enough to take part in the gorilla habituation process. This is because the activity may include hiking through steep and dense parts of the forest. Those with an infectious disease are not allowed to take part in the gorilla habituation process. Human diseases like flu can threaten an entire gorilla family. Tourists are not allowed to use flash camera lights while observing gorillas. Keep a distance of at least 7 meters away to avoid provoking them.

The Gorilla habituation process The best time for the gorilla habituation experience is usually during the dry seasons that run from December through to March and June to October. However you can also register for the activity during the low season of April, May, October, or November. These are characterized by heavy rains which can make hiking more difficult.

Due to the high demand for the gorilla habituation experience and given the low number of permits per day, you need to make your booking early – at least 6 months in advance. Permits can be got through the Uganda Wildlife Authority or directly from your tour operator. Your passport information will be required to book the permits.

What To Pack For Gorilla Habituation

The Packing list should include long sleeved shirts made of synthetic material, gardening gloves, a hut, long trousers, a rain jacket, bottles of drinking water, hiking shoes, a camera, a walking stick and of course insect repellents to protect you against mosquito bites. Tourists should ensure that they pack some lunch/snacks because the habituation experience takes a long time. It is important to consider hiring porters to help carry any heavy equipment or assist when climbing steep slopes.

[olgbenga-agboola]

Africa’s top fintech player is getting ready for an IPO

Flutterwave, the Nigeria-based digital payments company and Africa’s most valuable startup, has made changes to its corporate team as part of moves aimed at preparing for an initial public offering, its chief executive told Semafor Africa.

Olugbenga ‘GB’ Agboola, speaking at Semafor’s World Economy Summit in Washington D.C. on April 18, described Flutterwave’s hopes for a public offering as part of a broader future agenda. “Right now our goal is to be IPO-ready, ensuring we have the right corporate governance in place, making sure we are operating well,” Agboola said. “We want to be a long-term company in Africa, for Africa – and so the goal is building the right infrastructure to be here for the next ten-plus years.”

Flutterwave’s core product is processing online payments, enabling businesses to receive payments from consumers and businesses operating in Africa. It currently operates in more than 30 countries, according to Agboola, with Uber being a flagship client on the continent. Key among the company’s milestones for being IPO-ready are recent hires, including a new board chair, two independent directors, and experienced executives to fill roles needed to “translate tech speak” for regulators, Agboola said.

The hires come on the back of a number of high-profile departures in recent months. An ex-American Express executive who was Flutterwave’s chief finance officer left after two years last November, while a chief operating officer who had been in her role for six years left in March.

The exits raised doubts about the company’s readiness to go public, as have operational lapses like the loss of tens of millions of dollars through supposed unauthorized transactions allegedly carried out by vendors in Nigeria. A court permitted the company to contact the vendors to begin recovery of the money lost in October.

In the meantime, Flutterwave is focused on improving communications and active engagement with African regulators, who have been doing “a lot of listening” in the last two years, Agboola said. Flutterwave has endured some friction with regulators, especially in Kenya where the asset recovery agency banned the company’s accounts in relation to a fraud investigation. But there has been progress elsewhere, like in neighboring Rwanda where the company received two licenses last year.On potential acquisitions, Agboola played down the possibility that Flutterwave may acquire a Nigerian bank. “We believe fintech can complement banks properly and that synergy is great for value,” he said.

Flutterwave has come a long way since it opened shop just eight years ago in Lagos. It has grown rapidly with a series of groundbreaking funding rounds for African startups at the top of the market in 2021, raising just under half a billion dollars. Its last major round saw it achieve a valuation of $3 billion — the highest ever for an African tech startup. Ever since then, speculation has grown over when the fintech company would go public. The fervor isn’t just about Flutterwave. The entire African tech ecosystem has placed their hopes on Flutterwave being the one that proves Africa can produce world class tech companies that can return potentially huge profits to investors. Doing that successfully would, of course, be a massive boost to rivals and supporters alike.

But the journey hasn’t been easy. Flutterwave has suffered the growing pains of any young company, except on steroids because its huge funding and industry expectations mean everything gets amplified. It has run into governance speed bumps, cross border regulatory challenges, internal scandals, and plain old operational mishaps.

In our brief on-stage interview, Agboola, who has started to make more public appearances in recent times, seemed keen to show caution and a willingness to work closely with regulators. He acknowledged that in the past there perhaps had been a desire to move fast and break things, as the saying goes in Silicon Valley. The challenge with that approach in Africa is there often aren’t enough things to break in the first place.

[home-to-africa]

The Adventure of a Lifetime: Gorilla Trekking in Africa

Gorilla trekking in Africa offers an unparalleled adventure for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers. This unique experience allows visitors to encounter one of the world’s most magnificent and endangered creatures in their natural habitat.

Where an you go on Gorilla Trekking?

Primarily available in countries like Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, gorilla trekking involves guided hikes through dense forests to observe mountain gorillas up close. The journey is not just about reaching the gorillas but also about immersing oneself in the lush, diverse ecosystems of Africa's rainforests.

An unforgettable encounter with mountain Gorillas

Encountering mountain gorillas in the wild is a profoundly moving experience. As trekkers venture through the challenging terrains of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park or Volcanoes National Park, the anticipation builds until the moment they finally see a family of gorillas. Observing the gorillas’ social behaviors, such as grooming, playing, and nurturing their young, provides a deep insight into their complex lives. The guides, often highly knowledgeable about the gorillas and their habits, enhance the experience with fascinating stories and facts. This once-in-a-lifetime adventure not only offers unforgettable memories but also contributes to the conservation efforts to protect these incredible animals and their habitats. Through permits and guided tours, the funds generated support local communities and conservation projects, ensuring the survival of mountain gorillas for future generations.

[mourning-again-in-america]

Reading Mattyg's critique of Dubya side-by-side with a history of neoconservativism written by a Macronist is funny, because all the Dubya initiatives make sense, in the intellectual tradition they're from, they just ended up being dumb because there was too much critique and not enough focus on when the dog actually catches the car

Take Iraq, for example -- could have just been a continuation of small American involvement as a result of OPEC, but historically there had been strong support against Saddam for treatment of the Kurds, but doing it for *that* reason would be awkward, because we needed to maintain good terms with Turkey, who also oppressed Kurds, and it also makes sense as "compassionate interventionism" -- "not another Munich, not another Yom Kippur war, not another Rwanda, not another Kosovo" -- but the follow through wasn't there

And pushing welfare only to those who'll embrace comfortable social positions -- employment and marriage -- makes sense as coming out of "law of unintended consequences" land where that phrase was used against welfare targeted towards poor, unmarried women in the 50s and 60s which increased the number of women who emancipated themselves from their family & got welfare, rather than on relying on "traditional" networks of welfare -- Bush I's "thousand points of light", and also sort of makes sense if you think that the public dollar should go towards "community building" rather than permitting increased consumption

The issue with all these is that they had to go through electoralism, and once all the other virtue-signallers hung their amendments on the program, there wasn't a way to make the programs themselves "effective"

You can also see this in the greatest success of the Bush admin in PEPFAR, where all the ideological stars aligned -- as it fits both a conservative theory of foreign aid, the missionary instinct, "compassionate conservatism" as well as moralizing interventionism -- and the program was simple enough that doing it was largely a matter of logistics, not of ideology

[fdg-africa]

Affordable Housing in Rwanda: Revolutionizing Construction Practices

Rwanda’s construction sector is experiencing a transformative wave of innovation and growth, especially in the realm of affordable housing. As Kigali and other urban areas expand rapidly, affordable housing in Rwanda has become a central focus for the government, private sector, and construction firms like FDG Africa. This blog explores how FDG Africa, a leading architecture and construction…

[antoine-roquentin]

Ethiopia’s civil conflict broke out on Nov. 4—conveniently coinciding with the seizure of the world’s attention by the U.S. election—when Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed ordered a military offensive against the country’s northernmost region in response to attacks directed by the area’s largest party, Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), on federal military bases housing government troops.

Others argue these attacks had been a preemptive strike by the TPLF against the build-up of federal forces clearly preparing for an offensive after months of feuding between Abiy’s government and the leaders of the TPLF. Tensions have simmered between the two sides ever since Abiy came to power in 2018 and launched a broadside of sweeping reforms that pushed the TPLF, which used to dominate Ethiopian politics, to the sidelines.

At the heart of the political clash are differing ideological views over the type of federation Ethiopia should be and the balance of power within it: Abiy favors a more centralized state while the TPLF demands protection for regional autonomy (something that may sound familiar to Americans). The pivotal question, over which the shadow of Rwanda especially hangs, is about the role ethnic groups should play in the country’s current ethnically-based federal system. In addition to its ruthless rule, one of the reasons the TPLF became so loathed during its more than two decades in power was the fact that Tigrayans only number about 6 million people out of Ethiopia’s 110 million total population, which includes the much larger ethnic groups, the Oromo and Amhara.

Once Abiy—who is Oromo—gave the order to go kinetic, the Ethiopian military advanced swiftly. Abiy declared victory after capturing Tigray’s regional capital Mekelle on Nov. 28, with the TPLF forces and its political leadership seemingly routed. But nothing in Ethiopia ever has been, is, or could be that neat and simple.

“There is no doubt that the TPLF has suffered serious losses during this conflict, including some of its senior leaders,” says Matt Bryden, director of Sahan, a research think tank focused on the Horn of Africa. “But the TPLF also enjoys key strategic advantages, including the support of much—if not most—of the Tigrayan population, mountainous terrain that favors the defender, and a large, well-disciplined force.”

The two sides in this standoff both possess troops and militia hardened by years of wars and constant border skirmishes, who are not prone to worrying about the likes of the Geneva Convention and rules of engagement. Hence reports of: artillery strikes on populated areas, hospitals, churches and mosques; deliberate targeting and massacres of civilians, with the use of machetes and knives; extrajudicial killings; and widespread looting and rape by troops, including reports of gang rape and forced incestuous rape used as a tool of psychological warfare.

The government’s efforts to maintain total control of the narrative about its clandestine war, locking down Tigray and imposing a communications blackout, has made it next to impossible for journalists and foreign agencies to investigate the context and accuracy of videos that have emerged apparently showing brutal executions of civilians in rural communities. Alleged massacres have been given credence by the likes of Amnesty International and other international groups. If or when more access to Tigray is permitted, it’s likely many more massacres will be verified, some of which may be happening even as you read this.

The tragedy is compounded by the fact this has all been a long time coming for Tigray and might have been averted had the significant international presence in Ethiopia not chosen, as usual, to either look the other way or remain tight-lipped for diplomatic expediency’s sake.

“I fully expect it to evolve into a long, grinding insurgency with the potential to spread not only to other parts of Ethiopia, but potentially to Eritrea as well,” says Bryden, who notes the conflict has already endured much longer than Abiy predicted and that heavy fighting is still reported across much of Tigray.

Eritrean troops have already supported Abiy’s federal troops in Tigray, whose northern edge forms Ethiopia’s border with Eritrea. Since the Ethiopia-Eritrea peace deal of 2018 that got Abiy his 2019 Nobel Peace Prize—a choice that increasingly looks like an attempt at satire—he has fostered particularly cordial relations with Eritrea’s authoritarian leader Isaias Afwerki. Isaias loathes the TPLF, blaming them for starting the devastating 1998-2000 war between the two countries.

The Ethiopian military has also used drones from the United Arab Emirates, which, along with Saudi Arabia, is involved in a power struggle amongst Middle Eastern countries over influence in the Horn of Africa. Leaving aside the tragedy contained within Tigray’s regional borders, the conflict is the sort of tense, potentially escalatory situation that the U.S. diplomatic corps should be all over. It threatens the hard-won stability that the U.S. has contributed to across a region prone to volatility and harboring terrorist groups.

not a great article, but reasonable analysis of the situation. better stuff, albeit similarly tinged by inter-ethoipian biases, here

[animalworld]

BENEFITS OF NAMING CEREMONY IN RWANDA

The naming ceremony has helped bolster gorilla numbers in two ways: by raising international awareness about (and funds for) gorilla conservation, and by keeping the local community involved in conservation efforts, and celebrating their successes. 94% of Volcanoes National Park staff come from local villages, whose residents actively help protect the gorillas by maintaining the park’s perimeter wall—which reduces human-wildlife conflicts—and reporting suspicious activities in the area.

In return, 10% of Rwanda’s tourism revenue, including the sale of trekking permits to see the gorillas, is fed back into the local communities surrounding Volcanoes National Park. The money is used to build medical centers and schools, supply clean water, and repair roads and other infrastructure.

[migibuge-blog]

The Downside Risk of Rwanda E-visa That No One Is Talking About

https://fr.ivisa.com/rwanda-e-visa

The majority of the news and that which we read from Rwanda is biased. It remains one of the poorest countries in the world. It is also attracting new hotels and lodges across the country, making it easier to experience longer, unique and memorable vacations.

The troops were based in the city as a portion of the Arusha Accords. The genocide is all but completed. Official kidnappings occur all the time in Rwanda.

Further, Christians aren't permitted to congregate outside church buildings. Expatriates living in Rwanda are also encouraged to take part in community works. They want to go to this peaceful island repeatedly.

There isn't only one affiliated Agent that's authorised to make an application for visa for your benefit. The other nationals listed in the chart must get a visa ahead of time. Passport Health's travel documents staff can help you in registering.

From January 2014 you are going to be in a position to get a single tourist visa which will be valid for Uganda, Rwanda and Kenya. U.S. Citizens and lawful permanent residents do not have to get a visa to enter the United States of america. Rwanda e-visas are just electronic travel authorization which allows foreign nationals to legally pay a visit to the nation.

If Kagame cared, he'd resign. It's stamped within the passport. Thirty days visa will be granted free of charge on arrival, which will be extendable for the precise period.

Citizens wishing to go to Cuba who aren't from visa-exempt nations, need a visa to join the country. If a young child is a mentally ill, they won't be in a position to follow along with lessons well in school. Usually, the visitors must demonstrate they aren't receiving any income from the nation.

Folks are extremely friendly and nice. You cannot get a person like Chairman Smith. Life there was not easy for people from foreign nations.

Children and youth ministry is just one of them. Benefits Selected applicants are ready to compete for global scholarships to study abroad. Students must learn how to read to be able to read to learn.

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Rwanda E-visa

Bosco wanted to produce a means to create alternative fuel, which might help alleviate the suffering of Rwandans experiencing a huge energy deficit. Rwanda's e-GP journey has the capacity of making a ripple effect throughout the continent and beyond. You are going to have the ideal experience touring and going to the wonderful creatures.

The different characteristics of competitiveness are captured in 12 pillars, that range from institutional strength to advertise size. Customary housing styles which are created of locally available materials. Sadly enough, both ethnic groups are in fact very similar they speak the identical language, inhabit the exact places, and follow lots of the very same traditions.

The Bad Secret of Rwanda E-visa

A business visa permits the bearer to go into a foreign country and take part in business activities without joining that nation's labour force, temporarily or permanently. M-commerce is very attractive in Rwanda on account of the rapid increase in the quantity of cell phones, limited accessibility to the web, and poor fixed-line infrastructure. Made in Rwanda Online isn't only an e-commerce business, but in addition a data collection platform.

You begin by signing up to get our guide. It's also beneficial to employ a Rwandan-certified accountant early in your institution's founding. Resources The ideal way to embark your career in hospitality management is with the right sort of education.

Make certain that you have liability insurance. The application procedure is simple and can be completed online in only a couple of minutes. Please be aware that corrections may take some weeks to filter through the numerous RePEc services.

The Secret to Rwanda E-visa

The Rwandan financial market isn't only murky but tiny and it is not likely to grow precisely since it's a black hole unknown to the majority of people. In the start, it was not simple. Muzungoo, needless to say, means white folks.

The man is all but always in the air. Exactly like adults, kids need fashion wears not only as a way of protection but also to appear good. Our safaris range from 2 to 24 days, and provide you with the choice to arrange a relaxing break, therefore it's simple to see everything a country has to offer you.

Our test procedure is described below. In earning your contribution you'll have the chance to create important knowledge and techniques which will be transferrable to any expert occupation. The capability to map a crop utilizing multispectral images to better understand its quality has capacity to expand the tradition of precision agriculture.

On-line application is a 12-steps procedure. Applicants are going to be able to continue and finish the application process after payment. Please refer to it before you start the registration approach.

[ayittey1]

African Participation in the Slave Trade -- The Myths

History can be written from three perspectives: from that of the victor, a neutral observer and that of the vanquished. Much of Africa’s history was written by the colonialists (the victors) and obviously the victims of colonialism see things differently. For example, seeing no boxes with “ballots” written on them or a building with “Parliament” written on it, many European colonialists jumped to the conclusion that Africans were laboring under horrible and despot chiefs. Therefore, colonialism was good for the Africans because it liberated them from their terrible rulers. This was one monumental nonsense.

True, there were no boxes with ballots written on them and no building with Parliament written on it but that did not mean the essence of democratic governance was unknown. That mythology was as nonsensical as the claim that since there were no hamburgers in the village, Africans did not eat.

 That mythology originated from their failure to make a distinction between the existence of an institution and different forms of the same institution. There are different types of food. The absence of one type – hamburgers – does not mean a complete absence of other types of food. Similarly, there are different types of democracy. Democratic decisions can be taken by majority vote or by consensus. In traditional Africa, decision-making is by consensus. The absence of voting did not mean Africans were living under terrible despotic Chiefs.

 There are many other myths about Africa – in particular, African participation in the slave trade. Written from the African perspective, we seek to demolish the following myths.

 MYTH No. 1: Africans were selling themselves off into slavery before the Europeans arrived on the continent. African chiefs were selling off their own kind into slavery.

 It is true there was slavery in Africa but not the inhumane chattel variety. Slaves in Africa enjoyed certain rights and privileges. Generally, there were no slave markets in black Africa because of the value black Africans place on humanity. More importantly, Africans generally did not have demands for large amounts of labor. Even if they did, they could turn to their clans or extended families.The slave markets that were in Africa, according to historians, were in North Africa (or Arab North Africa) - in such places as Fez and Tripoli.

 Slaves generally were principally war captives from inter-tribal warfare. Say there was a war between two neighboring tribes – the Ashanti and the Fante – and 5,000 Fantes were taken prisoner. The Ashanti King had the following options:

 1.     Keep the 5,000 Fantes in prison, which meant he would have to feed, clothe and shelter them - an expensive economic proposition;

2.     Execute them, a very inhumane prospect; or

3.     Sell them off as slaves and use the proceeds to purchase weapons to defend his Ashanti people;

4.     Absorb and integrate the war captives into Ashanti society, a long, arduous and dangerous process since safeguards must be put in place to ensure that former combatants would pledge allegiance to a new society and authority.

 Which option do you think the Ashanti King would take? If you said the third option, you are right because it was the most humane and economically expedient. The Ashanti also chose option 4, absorbed former war captives (slaves) into their society. To make their integration into Ashanti society as smooth as possible, even the Ashanti King was forbidden to disclose the slave origins of any of his subjects. He would be DETHRONED or removed from office if he did so.

 Now, the more important issue is this. YES, the Ashanti King did sell Fante prisoners of war as SLAVES and therefore participated in the slave trade. BUT the Ashanti King did NOT sell his own kind/people - an important distinction. It was the Europeans who failed to make this distinction, which has been the source of much mythology about the slave trade.

 The Europeans made no distinction between the Ashanti King and the Fante slaves. To the Europeans, it was a BLACK African King selling BLACK Africans. Therefore, Black kings and chiefs were selling their own kind or people. Nonsense. To the Ashanti King, the Fantes were NOT his people but rather the Ashanti.

 Recall that about that time in history, medieval Europe was also fighting tribal wars - between the Flemish, French and the Germans. They were also enslaving one another. But you don’t hear the expression, “The Europeans were enslaving their own kind?” do you? Rather, you read of Germans taking French slaves and vice versa.  So make the same distinctions in Africa - The Ashanti King taking Fante slaves, etc.

The real purpose of that mythology was to whitewash European participation in the slave trade. After all, African chiefs and kings were enslaving their own kind, so it wasn’t that bad for Europeans to do so.

 MYTH NO.2. “African chiefs just went to the market and just grabbed their people to sell off as slaves.”

 You often hear this from African Americans but it is not true for four reasons. First, no African chief can do this and expect to remain chief. He would be removed. As chief, his prerogative is the survival of his tribe. Second, he would be committing an ethnic suicide if he were to sell off his own Ashanti people into slavery. Third, it did not make military sense. He would be depopulating and weakening his own tribe to the benefit of a stronger neighboring tribe. Fourth, their clans would rise up to protect the victims. More importantly, there were traditional injunctions against that. To test this, go to Onitsha market, grab and beat up .Hausa market trader. The entire Hausa ethnic group would go to his/her defense. In fact, many tribal wars started precisely this way – from a dispute or conflict between two individuals. Furthermore, the Ashanti King’s or chief’s role is to minimize any external threat to his people. And if this means depopulating or selling off the entire Fante tribe into slavery he would do so and the better off his Ashanti people would be as that would mean less competition for resources. Yes, he would sell Fantes into slavery but not his own Ashanti people – an important distinction.

 MYTH No. 3. “Africans are brothers and sisters and it is treacherous for them to participate in the slave trade.”

 Again, tribal or ethnic distinctions are important in Africa. To think that Africans consider members of another tribe as “brothers and sisters” is totally ridiculous – an exercise in grand delusion. Why would a Hutus in Rwanda slaughter more than 800,000 Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994? Or tell the Igbo that the Hausa are their brothers and sisters in 1967.

 Before the twentieth century, many societies in the world practiced some form of slavery. Prisoners of war, political opponents and religious dissidents were often enslaved in Old England. For example, in 1530, in England, under the reign of Henry VIII, a vagrant picked up for the second time was whipped and had half an ear cut off; taken for a third time, he was “to be executed as a hardened criminal and enemy of the common weal” (Marx, 1915; p.806). Seventy-two thousand vagrants were thus executed during that reign. In the time of Edward VI (1547), “if anyone refused to work, he shall be condemned as a slave to the person who denounced him as an idler” (Marx, 1915; p.806). The owner of such a slave might whip him, chain him, and brand him on the cheek and forehead with a letter “S” (for Slave), if he disappeared for two weeks. If he ran away a third time he was executed. An idler vagabond caught on the highway was branded on the chest with a “V” (for vagrant). The same laws were in effect during the reigns of Elizabeth (1572) and of Louis XVI in France. The supporters of Monmouth’s rebellion in England were sold by the Queen.   Cromwell’s Irish and Scottish prisoners were sold to the West Indies and non Muslims who opposed the Sokoto jihad were sold to North Africa.

 Criminals in Europe and Africa could be executed, transported or sold. Europeans favored execution; Africans favored sale.

“In the eighteenth century there were 300 different offences in Britain for which one could be executed. In Dahomey, there were only two, for the king preferred to sell rather than execute his troublemakers. Those who could not pay their debts were sold for life or until the debt was paid. Among the Yoruba, debt slaves (pawns) were called Iwofa, among the Asante Awowa, and among the Europeans indentured servants. About a quarter of a million white debt slaves entered America before the nineteenth century” (Boahen and Webster, 1970; p.69).

 In pre colonial Africa, social conditions were such that,

 “All the white minorities living in Africa might own Black slaves, but slaves and white masters alike were all subjects of a Black Emperor: they were all under the same African political power. No historian worth his salt can permit the obscuring of this politico social context, so that only the one fact of Black slavery emerges from it” (Diop, 1987; p.92).

 There was, however, an important distinction between the slave/master relationship in Africa and that in Europe between serf/lord, which is often overlooked. In Africa, slavery was more of a social distinction without economic consequence than fact. The African slave, “instead of being deprived of the fruits of his labor, as was the case with the artisan or the serf of the Middle Ages, could, on the contrary, add to it wealth given him by the `lord’” (Diop, 1987: p.2). Slaves of the kings of Mali and the Askias of Gao “enjoyed complete liberty of movement. Thus an ordinary slave of Askia Daud, a native of Kanta, was able to carry out a pilgrimage to Mecca without his master’s knowledge” (Diop, 1987; p.153).

 To avoid the ugly connotations associated with commercial slaving, Vaughan (1986) suggested the use of limbry: “Existing data, albeit tenuous, suggest that about 80 percent of African societies had limbry” (p.174). In contrast to commercial slavery, African “limbries” “were not on the whole mistreated, dehumanized or exploited” (Vaughan, 1986; p.174).

 The privileges accorded them, however, varied from tribe to tribe. In Nigeria, the treatment of slaves was by no means harsh; nor was their lot deplorable. The majority were integrated into the society and the respective families of their owners in order to retain their loyalty, prevent rebellion and get the best out of them (Falola, 1985; p.99). The slaves were free to some extent; they could intermarry among themselves, own property and redeem themselves if they had the means.

 Among the Lobi of Gabon, slaves were considered as “new children.” The Massangou of the Chaillou Hills in Gabon, incorporated slaves (war captives) into the entire community to replace those lost in war. In Dahomey, the children of slaves were free people incorporated into the master’s family with all the rights except the right to inherit political leadership (Simiyu, 1988; p.59). But in Senegal, slaves (djem) were closely associated to power. They were represented in royal courts and many became de facto ministers (Diop, 1987:2).

 More importantly, Boahen and Webster (1970) pointed out that:

 “Slaves had many privileges in African kingdoms. In Asante, Oyo and Bornu, they held important offices in the bureaucracy, serving as the Alafin’s Ilari in the subject towns of Oyo, as controller of the treasury in Asante, and as Waziri and army commanders in Bornu. Al Hajj Umar made a slave emir of Nioro, one of the most important of the emirates of the Tokolor empire, and in the Niger Delta states slaves rose to become heads of Houses, positions next in rank to the king. Jaja, who had once been the lowest kind of slave, became the most respected king in the delta, and was no exception; one of the Alaketus of Ketu, and Rabeh of Bornu, rose from slave to king (p.69).

 Since slaves faced few barriers to occupational mobility or economic advancement, there was hardly any need for a tumultuous social revolution, such as the French Revolution in which the exploited overthrew their lords. Slavery, of course, was never under any circumstances an ideal institution and there were cases of slave revolts. One example was the revolt under Afonja in the Oyo empire. Another was the Koranko revolt in 1838 against the Susu of Sierra Leone. Led by Bilale, the Koranko ex slaves built a fortified town to offer freedom to runaway slaves. In Calabar, the slaves united in an organization called the Blood Men, and forced the freeborn to respect their human rights (Boahen and Webster, 1970; p.70).

 MYTH NO. 4: The Europeans were the ones who introduced chattel slavery into Africa.

 In pre-colonial Africa, the Europeans and Arabs were battling each other to subjugate Africa. By the 17th century, North Africa, inhabited by the Berbers, was already under Islamic conquest. For centuries, the Berbers have fought – and are still today – fighting Arab imperialism in Morocco and Algeria, where Arab names, religion and culture are being forced upon them. The Berbers had their own language, music and culture until the region was effectively Arabized as Islam spread hundreds of years ago. According to the Amazigh (Berber) Cultural Association in America, a Moroccan law, enacted in Nov 1996 and referred to as Dahir No. 1.96.97, “imposes Arabic names on an entire citizenry more than half of which is not Arabic”. The Berbers in Algeria, too, are up in arms. Fed up with years of discrimination and persecution at the hands of the Arab majority, Berbers, who make up 20 percent of Algeria’s 32 million people, seek more autonomy in the eastern region of Kabylie. They were the original inhabitants of North Africa when invading Arabs introduced Islam. Old tensions erupted into violence after a Berber schoolboy died in police custody in April 2001. Street clashes in Kabylia between the police and Berber militants left more than 100 protesters dead. "The Berbers also want the government’s police force, which they accuse of being partisan, to withdraw from Kabylie, and they want their language, Tamazight, to be recognized as an official language” (The New York Times, June 30, 2003; p.A4).

 West Africa was saved from Islamic conquest by the Sahara, which served as an effective bulwark against Islamic expansionism. In East Africa, Islam made inroads in the 17th century – peacefully at first but with diabolical intentions at a later state. While the Europeans organized the West African slave trade, the Arabs managed the East African and trans-Saharan counterparts.  For the trans-Saharan slave trade, an estimated 9 million captives were shipped to slave markets in Fez, Marrakesh (Morocco); Constantine (Algeria); Tunis (Tunisia), Fezzan, Tripoli (Libya); and Cairo (Egypt). No black African will ever forget that in the 19th century, over 2 million black slaves were shipped from East Africa to Arabia, a slave trade operated by Arabs.

The Zanzibar slave trade, with an annual sale that increased according to some estimates from 10,000 slaves in the early 19th century to between 40,000 and 45,000 in the mid‑19th century, was at its height during the rule of Sayyid Said (1804‑1856 ‑ born 1794), sultan of Muscat and Oman…  

Enslaving and slave trading in East Africa were peculiarly savage in a traffic notable for its barbarity. Villages were burnt, the unfit villagers massacred. The enslaved were yoked together, several hundreds in a caravan, and on their journey to the coast, which could be as long as 1280 kilometres…It is estimated that only one in five of those captured in the interior reached Zanzibar. The slave trade seems to have been more catastrophic in East Africa than in West Africa (Wickins, 1981; p.184).

 Diseases such as smallpox and cholera, introduced by marauding Arab caravans penetrating the interior in search of slaves, decimated entire local populations and were far more devastating than the actual export of slaves to Indian Ocean markets.  According to Gordon (1989),

“One particularly brutal practice was the mutilation of young African boys, sometimes no more than 9 or ten years old, to create eunuchs, who brought a higher price in the slave markets of the Middle East. Slave traders often created “eunuch stations” along the major African slave routes where the necessary surgery was performed in unsanitary conditions. Only one out of every 10 boys subjected to the mutilation actually survived the surgery.

The taking of slaves – in razzias, or raids, on peaceful African villages – also had a high casualty rate. The typical practice was to conduct a pre-dawn raid on an unsuspecting village and kill off as many of the men and older women as possible. Young women and children were then abducted as the preferred “booty” for the raiders. 

Young women were targeted because of their value as concubines or sex slaves in markets. “The most common and enduring purpose for acquiring slaves in the Arab world was to exploit them for sexual purposes. These women were nothing less than sexual objects who, with some limitations, were expected to make themselves available to their owners…Islamic law catered to the sexual interests of a man by allowing him to take as many as four wives at one time and to have as many concubines as his purse allowed. Young women and girls were often inspected before purchase in private areas of the slave market by the prospective buyer (p.35).

 Some of the African slaves were shipped to Iraq, where they were inhumanely treated. In the latter part of the 19th century, they revolted and were subsequently placed in the Iraqi army. According to Walusako Mwalilino, a Malawian historian, “From 1859 to 1872, between 20,000 and 25,000 slaves were shipped to southwest Asian ports” (The Washington Times, Sept 21, 1995; p.A14). But the Arab slave trade continued well into the 20th century. According to Thomas Cantwell, an American reporter, “the last interdicted slave ship was in 1947, a dhow from Mombasa” (The Washington Post, June 4, 1994; p.A18).  American reporter, Timothy Williams, claimed that,

 “Officially, Iraq is a colorblind society that in the tradition of Prophet Muhammad treats black people with equality and respect. But on the packed dirt streets of Zubayr, Iraq’s scaled-down version of Harlem, African-Iraqis talk of discrimination so steeped in Iraqi culture that they are commonly referred to as “abd” — slave in Arabic — prohibited from interracial marriage and denied even menial jobs.

Historians say that most African-Iraqis arrived as slaves from East Africa as part of the Arab slave trade starting about 1,400 years ago. They worked in southern Iraq’s salt marshes and sugar cane fields.

Though slavery — which in Iraq included Arabs as well as Africans — was banned in the 1920s, it continued until the 1950s, African-Iraqis say.

 Recently, they have begun to campaign for recognition as a minority population, which would grant them the same benefits as Christians, including reserved seats in Parliament.

“Black people here are living in fear,” said Jalal Dhiyab Thijeel, an advocate for the country’s estimated 1.2 million African-Iraqis. “We want to end that” (The New York Times, Dec 2, 2009; p.A22).

 The official Libyan and Arab line on slavery is that: “The Arab countries are a natural extension to the African continent. The African Arabs, or those who carried the indulgent message of Islam, were the first to effectively oppose slavery as inhumane and unnatural. The claim that Arabs were involved in the trade at all is a mischievous invention of the West, made in order to divide the Arabs from their brothers and sisters who live in the African continent” (New Africa, Nov 1984; p.12). Nonsense.

 During the black struggle for civil rights in the United States and independence in Africa in the 1950s and 1960s, Afro-Arab differences and ill-feelings were buried. Black leaders, seduced by the fallacious premise that “the enemy of my enemy must be my friend”, made common cause with the Arabs. In the United States, many blacks dropped their "European” or “slave” names and adopted Islamic ones. In Africa, black leaders entered into alliances and sought support from Arab states for the liberation struggle against Western colonialism. Grand Afro-Arab solidarity accords were pompously announced. Drooling, grandiloquent speeches announced meretricious Afro-Arab summits. Little came out of them, and since independence, black Africans have gradually realized that the Arabs regard them “expendable”. The Arabs are just as ready as the French to use them as pawns to achieve their chimerical geopolitical schemes and global religious imperialism/domination.

Today Africa has found new suitors – Chinese.

 REFERENCES

Ayittey, George B.N. (2006). Indigenous African Institutions. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Transnational Publishers.

 Boahen, A.A. and J.B. Webster. History of West Africa. New York: Praeger, 1970.

Diop Cheikh Anta. Pre‑colonial Black Africa. Westport: Lawrence Hill & Company, 1987.

Falola, Toyin. "Nigeria’s Indigenous Economy.” in Nigerian History and Culture. ed. Olaniyan, 1985.

 Gordon, Murray (1989).  Slavery in the Arab World. New York, NY: New Amsterdam Books.

Martin, Phyllis M and Partrick O'Meara eds. Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.

 Marx, Karl. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Chicago: Kerr, 1915.

 Simiyu, V.G. “The Democratic Myth in The African Traditional Societies,” in Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa. eds. Walter O. Oyugi et. al. Portsmouth, NH: 1988.

 Vaughan, James H. “Population and Social Organization,” in Martin and O'Meara, 1986.

 Wickins, Peter (1981). An Economic History of Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

  George B.N. Ayittey, PhD

Retired Distinguished Economist at American University and President of the Free Africa Foundation, both in Washington DC, USA.

Free Africa Foundation website www.freeafrica.org

[wilkes19189559-blog]

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Every client wants to get the best out of the fee paid for gorilla safaris in either Rwanda or Uganda and the first question that arises is-When is the optimum time for gorilla trekking? While hill gorillas in Uganda and Rwanda can be trekked throughout the whole year, drier weeks of June, July, August, and early September then December up to Feb will be the most preferred. There is absolutely no guarantee that it won’t rain as Bwindi Impenetrable Forest is a tropical rain forest and its climate is inspired by micro conditions of the area. During high season gorilla enables to visit gorillas in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park and Bwindi National Park is at USD1500.00 and USD600.00 per person respectively. For individuals who are price sensitive, should take benefit of rwanda low season gorilla enables at USD1050.00 to book a Rwanda gorilla trek. READING MORE about best time for gorilla trekking.

Henk Graaff, managing director at SW Africa, said gorilla trekking has always been extremely popular with U.S. travelers. He adds we can expect Ellen DeGeneres' recent trip to the gorillas to boost the recognition of gorilla trekking for the U.S. market even further.

Ingrid Baas, general supervisor at Wilderness Safaris Rwanda, agreed: "I am sure that DeGeneres' commitment to the conservation of the gorillas and the security of the forest will stimulate more travelers to do the same and to visit Rwanda."

The added exposure generated by the visit of the TV star comes at the same time that the Rwanda Development Panel doubled the gorilla permit cost from $750 to $1,500 per person.

At $1,500, the Rwanda gorilla permit is reported to be the highest in the region; the allow costs $600 in Uganda and $400 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Is the steep increase really worth the money? Or is it easier to opt for Uganda instead for a distinctive gorilla-trekking experience?

"There is absolutely no easy answer as each country is unique and offers different experiences," said Steve Round-Turner, Abercrombie and Kent's regional sales and marketing director.

The case for Rwanda

Baas acknowledged that both Uganda and Rwanda offer great opportunities for gorilla trekking. However, she said that she personally favors Rwanda, as most of the terrain through the gorilla trekking is a bit more open and for that reason it is easier to get a good view.

Says Baas: "Rwanda is a very clean and organized country; travel distances are relatively small, and the roads generally are good. In Rwanda, the view of the volcanoes around you whilst trekking the gorillas is breathtaking.

For Betty Jo Currie, Currie & Co. Moves Unlimited and Safari Benefits member, Rwanda is also the preferred destination. The main reasons, in her opinion, are that the treks can be shorter and the chance to visit the Dian Fossey Base and its scientists.

Suzanne Teng, Abercrombie & Kent product supervisor for Africa, said a growing number of guests have also been attracted by the new luxury lodges opening in Rwanda, including Wilderness Safaris Bisate Lodge, One & Only's Nyungwe Lodge and the soon-to-open Gorilla's Nest as well as Singita Kwitonda, scheduled to open late in 2019.

Teng adds Rwanda is normally regarded as a bit "less difficult" in terms of terrain for tracking in comparison with Uganda. On the other hand, the altitudes can be higher, this means it continues to be a task for fit and active clients.

Round-Turner added that Rwanda keeps growing its diversity with the reintroduction of lions and rhinos to Akagera National Park, making it an excellent addition to the gorillas within Parc National des Volcans (Volcanoes National Park).

He said: "Rwanda is a land of extreme beauty, each flex in the road revealing a more beautiful vista than the one before. Nynungwe Forest is ideal for people attempting to hike with 130 kilometers (80 mls) of trails and the chance of viewing 13 different primates."

Sean Kritzinger, co-owner and executive chairman at Giltedge Africa, agreed that diversity is a key benefit for Rwanda. He explained the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda with its fantastic monkey trekking adds an additional experience to a gorilla-trekking visit. "So, if clients want to see both fantastic monkeys and gorillas we recommend that they visit Rwanda."

Another advantage for Rwanda, according to Graaff, is that gorilla trekking is more accessible to meetings and incentives travelers because of the infrastructure the country provides. He explains Rwanda has been ranked being among the most popular conference and events places on the continent by the International Congress and Convention Association.

Gorilla trekking is a sustainable operation that benefits local communities tremendously in Rwanda. Graaff explained that with gorilla allow prices going up, the communal revenue-sharing rate in addition has risen from previous 5% to 10%, which really is a very good income for the communities.

He said: "Neighborhoods surrounding the Volcanoes National Park have observed substantial financing in community tasks like building universities, hospitals, local business

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[nson72358073995-blog]

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uganda vs rwanda for gorilla trekking http://bit.ly/gorilla-trekking-tour Just click here to see our Hot 3 Day Gorilla Trekking Tour

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Contact Us ether@churchillsafaris.com info@churchillsafaris.com

Every client wants to get the best from the fee paid for gorilla safaris in either Rwanda or Uganda and the first question that arises is-When is the optimum time for gorilla trekking? While hill gorillas in Uganda and Rwanda can be trekked throughout the complete year, drier weeks of June, July, August, and early Sept then December up to February are the most preferred. There is absolutely no guarantee it won’t rain as Bwindi Impenetrable Forest is a tropical rain forest and its own climate is influenced by micro conditions of the region. During high season gorilla allows to visit gorillas in Rwanda’s Volcanoes Nationwide Recreation area and Bwindi Nationwide Park reaches USD1500.00 and USD600.00 per person respectively. For those who are price delicate, should take advantage of rwanda low season gorilla allows at USD1050.00 to book a Rwanda gorilla trek. Read More about best time for gorilla trekking.

Henk Graaff, managing director at SW Africa, said gorilla trekking is definitely very popular with U.S. travelers. He adds we can get Ellen DeGeneres' recent trip to the gorillas to improve the popularity of gorilla trekking for the U.S. market even more.

Ingrid Baas, general supervisor at Wilderness Safaris Rwanda, agreed: "I am certain that DeGeneres' commitment to the conservation of the gorillas and the security of the forest will stimulate more travelers to do the same and also to visit Rwanda."

The added exposure generated by the visit of it star comes at the same time that the Rwanda Development Table doubled the gorilla permit cost from $750 to $1,500 per person.

At $1,500, the Rwanda gorilla permit is said to be the highest in the region; the permit costs $600 in Uganda and $400 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Is the steep increase really worth the amount of money? Or is it easier to opt for Uganda instead for a unique gorilla-trekking experience?

"There is absolutely no easy answer as each country is unique and offers different encounters," said John Round-Turner, Abercrombie and Kent's regional sales and marketing director.

The situation for Rwanda

Baas acknowledged that both Uganda and Rwanda offer great opportunities for gorilla trekking. However, she said that she personally favors Rwanda, as the majority of the surfaces through the gorilla trekking is a bit more open and for that reason it is easier to get a good view.

Says Baas: "Rwanda is an extremely clean and organized country; travel distances are relatively small, and the roads in general are good. In Rwanda, the view of the volcanoes around you whilst trekking the gorillas is breathtaking.

For Betty Jo Currie, Currie & Co. Moves Unlimited and Safari Benefits member, Rwanda is also the preferred destination. The primary reasons, in her opinion, are that the treks can be shorter and the opportunity to go to the Dian Fossey Base and its own scientists.

Suzanne Teng, Abercrombie & Kent product supervisor for Africa, said a growing quantity of guests are also attracted by the new luxury lodges starting in Rwanda, including Wilderness Safaris Bisate Lodge, One & Only's Nyungwe Lodge and the soon-to-open Gorilla's Nest as well as Singita Kwitonda, scheduled to open up past due in 2019.

Teng adds Rwanda is normally regarded as a little "less complicated" in conditions of surfaces for tracking when compared to Uganda. On the other hand, the altitudes can be higher, this means it is still a task for fit and active clients.

Round-Turner added that Rwanda keeps growing its variety with the reintroduction of lions and rhinos to Akagera Nationwide Park, making it a wonderful addition to the gorillas within Parc Nationwide des Volcans (Volcanoes Nationwide Park).

He said: "Rwanda is a land of extreme beauty, each bend in the street revealing a more beautiful vista than the one before. Nynungwe Forest is ideal for people wanting to hike with 130 kilometers (80 kilometers) of trails and the chance of viewing 13 different primates."

Sean Kritzinger, co-owner and professional chairman at Giltedge Africa, agreed that diversity is a key benefit for Rwanda. He described the Volcanoes Nationwide Recreation area in Rwanda using its fantastic monkey trekking adds an additional experience to a gorilla-trekking visit. "So, if clients want to see both fantastic monkeys and gorillas we advise that they visit Rwanda."

Another advantage for Rwanda, according to Graaff, is that gorilla trekking is more accessible to meetings and incentives travelers thanks to the infrastructure the united states has to offer. He explains Rwanda has recently been ranked among the most popular meeting and events destinations on the continent by the International Congress and Convention Association.

Gorilla trekking is a sustainable operation that benefits local areas tremendously in Rwanda. Graaff described that with gorilla permit prices going up, the communal revenue-sharing rate has also gone up from prior 5% to 10%, which really is a very good income for the areas.

He said: "Communities surrounding the Volcanoes Nationwide Park have seen substantial financing in community projects like building schools, hospitals, local business

https://monk573.livejournal.com/729.html