#bitumen 60/70 specification

[dariyasite]

Application of bitumen in building

Bitumen has numerous applications in the construction industry, primarily serving as an adhesive and waterproofing material. Its versatile properties make it indispensable in various building-related functions. Here are some key applications of bitumen in construction:

1. Roofing and Waterproofing:

Bitumen 60/70 is extensively used in roofing systems to provide waterproof membranes for flat roofs. Traditional bitumen roofing membranes consist of layers of bitumen sprayed with aggregate, with a carrier fabric made of polyester or glass in between. Polymer-modified bitumen sheets have become the standard for flat roof waterproofing. Bituminous roofing membranes can also be recycled easily, enhancing their sustainability.

2. Wall Sealing:

Bitumen 60/70 plays a crucial role in sealing walls, providing protection against water and moisture intrusion. It is applied to substrates such as bathrooms and toilets, which are constantly exposed to moisture, to prevent water penetration and safeguard the underlying structures.

3. Floor and Wall Insulation:

Bitumen 80/100 insulation is widely employed for building waterproofing, both horizontally and vertically. It effectively prevents water penetration into floorboards and walls, offering reliable protection. Bitumen's chemical and physical properties make it easy to work with and highly durable.

4. Sound Insulation:

Bitumen's sound-absorbing properties find applications beyond construction. It helps reduce noise transmission, such as the sound of footsteps under floor coverings. Special tar mats in cars and elevators utilize Bitumen 80/100 for sound insulation.

5. Electrical Cable Insulation:

Bitumen's low electrical conductivity makes it suitable for use as an insulating material for electrical cables. It helps protect the cables and prevent electrical hazards.

6. Other Uses:

Bitumen 80/100 & bitumen 60/70 finds application in various other areas, such as the paper industry and the manufacturing of paints and varnishes. Its thermal insulation properties are beneficial in different contexts.

From an ecological standpoint, bitumen is highly regarded for its long lifespan. It remains a popular construction material, with significant demand both domestically and in international markets. The producer of bitumen in Iran exports a large percentage of its production to other countries such as Singapore, Dubai, Panama.

In residential construction, plastic-modified bitumen (KMB) coatings are commonly used for insulation. They compete with bitumen-free FPD (Flexible Polymer Disc) seals, which are easier to apply and offer faster repair options.

Overall, the applications of bitumen in the construction industry are extensive, ranging from roofing and waterproofing to sound insulation and electrical cable insulation. Its versatility and durability make it a valuable material in various building-related functions.

Important Considerations Before Using Bitumen:

1. Surface Preparation:

Before applying bitumen, it is crucial to ensure that the surface is clean, dry, and free from any contaminants. Even the presence of dust, dirt, or grease can hinder the adhesion of the bitumen coating and compromise the effectiveness of the seal. Additionally, the surface should be free from frost. If there are old incompatible coatings, they must be removed. In the case of older buildings, previous applications of bituminous paints may not provide a suitable surface for polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) coatings.

2. Repairing Cracks and Unevenness:

Prior to applying bitumen, any cracks or unevenness on the surface should be repaired using appropriate materials like repair mortar or leveling compounds. This ensures a smooth and uniform surface, promoting better adhesion and a more effective seal.

3. Additional Preparatory Measures:

In some cases, additional preparatory measures may be necessary. One option is to use a layer of synthetic resin on the coarse-pored bed or to apply a sealing slurry. A sealing slurry is a waterproof mixture of cement and plastic that allows water vapor to pass through. The advantage of using a sealing slurry is that it can adhere well to old bituminous coatings, providing an ideal substrate for applying a thick new bituminous coating.

By following these steps and ensuring proper surface preparation, you can optimize the adhesion and effectiveness of bitumen coatings in various applications.

What are the suitable means for repairing cracks and unevenness on the surface before applying bitumen?

There are several suitable means for repairing cracks and unevenness on the surface before applying bitumen. The choice of repair method depends on the severity of the damage and the specific requirements of the project. Here are some common methods for repairing cracks and unevenness:

1. Crack Fillers and Sealants:

For smaller cracks, crack fillers or sealants can be used. These materials, such as asphalt-based crack fillers or specialized concrete crack sealants, are designed to fill and seal cracks, preventing water infiltration and further damage. They are typically applied using a caulk gun or trowel.

2. Repair Mortar:

Repair mortars are suitable for filling larger cracks, holes, or areas of unevenness. These mortars are made from a blend of cement, sand, and additives to enhance adhesion and strength. They can be mixed with water to create a workable paste and then applied to the damaged areas using a trowel or other appropriate tools. Repair mortars are commonly used for repairing concrete surfaces.

3. Leveling Compounds:

Leveling compounds, also known as self-leveling underlayments or floor levelers, are used to create a smooth and level surface. These compounds are typically made from a blend of cement, fine aggregates, and additives. They have a fluid consistency that allows them to flow and self-level over uneven areas. Leveling compounds are commonly used to repair uneven concrete or subfloor surfaces before applying flooring materials.

4. Patching Mixtures:

Patching mixtures, such as asphalt patching compounds or repair mixes, are specifically designed for repairing asphalt surfaces. They typically contain a combination of asphalt binder, aggregates, and additives. These mixtures can be applied to fill potholes, repair damaged areas, or smooth out unevenness in asphalt surfaces.

5. Resurfacing:

In cases where the damage or unevenness is more extensive, resurfacing the entire surface may be necessary. This involves applying a new layer of bitumen or asphalt mixture over the existing surface to create a smooth and uniform finish. Resurfacing can help address multiple issues, including cracks, potholes, and unevenness.

It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and best practices when using any repair materials. Additionally, proper surface preparation, including cleaning and removing loose debris, is essential before applying any repair method.

ATDM CO is a manufacturer and exporter of Bitumen 60/70, offering three different quality grades available in drums, bags, and bulk quantities. Our products are classified into premium, second, and third types, each with varying production costs and facilities. We provide a wide range of options to accommodate different customer needs and volume requirements.

[oilproducts]

Bitumen & Petroleum products

Bitumen & Petroleum products are the most widely used materials.

We will tell you the value in each of them, so stay with us until the end.

People produce these materials from underground storage in liquid form.

They are the most important sources of life energy that have special characteristics.

Petroleum products are the most widely used and play an important role in our lives.

In fact, the most prominent application of these products is energy.

In general, the color of these products is black or brown.

We can also see them in yellow, red and green.

Essentially, these materials are fossil fuels that we can hardly live without them.

Petroleum products include important things like petrol, diesel fuels, asphalt & bitumen, gasoline, base oils and lubricants, hydrogen and carbon isotopes of petroleum, Korea’s fossil fuels as well as natural droplets.

Bitumen 60/70

Bitumen 60/70 is the most consumed petroleum product.

It is a black sticky substance. They use this material as moisture insulation and asphalt construction.

Pitch is a derivative of oil that has special uses.

One type of that is tar 60/ 70 that is permeable.

They produce this material from the oxidation of vacuum tower bottoms and use it in the construction of asphalt.

People produce prime coats from the oxidation of vacuum tower bottom.

Pitch temperature effects on its physical state.

The temperature and rigidity of this material depends on the type of crude oil as well as refining method.

People produce it continuous and discontinuous that has its own trend.

The most important applications of it include the road construction industry.

The penetration rate of this material is between 60 to 70°C.

Bitumen VG30

People produce bitumen from the oxidation of vacuum tower bottom.

The fundamental property of material is viscosity.

In fact, we determine the temperature of a material through viscosity.

It is very suitable for temperate climates.

Humans produce this material according to AASHTO M226-80 (2008), ASTM D3381-09 and IS 73:2006 standards and classify it according to the  kinematic viscosity at 135°C  and  absolute viscosity at 60°C.

They design technical specifications for each of these materials too.

Application of Bitumen VG30

It has many uses and is very important.

This material is one of the most important bitumens in the refinery.

Humans divide these materials into different viscosities.

They use it as asphalt pavement construction, road construction industry, construction, insulation as well as the production of liquid bitumen.

Those materials can replace prime coat.

Individuals pack a lot of bitumen VG30 in flexible format and  also offer it in the form of 180 & 240 kg barrels.

We can also buy this tar in bulk.

[rootbuildconpvtltd]

Asphalt Paving is fully equipped and experienced in Hot Asphalt Paving as per MoRTH Specifications. Most common applications include – Semi Dense Bituminous Carpet, Dense Bituminous Carpet, Bituminous Macadam Course and Bituminous Course laid in thickness of 40 – 50 mm. Our teams have the expertise to execute Hot Asphalt works with 60/70 grade Bitumen as well as Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) , Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) and also emerging world class technologies like Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) courses. Asphalt paving is known for its durability and resilience. It is this strength which makes asphalt pavement the best and most popular choice for applications such as driveways, parking lots, roadways and airstrips. While asphalt requires annual maintenance to maximize its lifespan, the investment is far less expensive than other pavement types #maintenance #like #parking #investment #rootbuildconprivatelimited #highwayconstruction

[foggynightdonut]

Late Uruk (3500–3000 BCE)

Mesopotamia diverged sharply about 3500 BCE when the southern polities became the most influential, colonizing Iran and sending small groups into northern Mesopotamia. One strong piece of evidence for social turmoil at this time is the evidence of a huge organized battle at Hamoukar in Syria.

By 3500 BC, Tell Brak was a 130-hectare metropolis; by 3100 BCE, Uruk covered 250 hectares. Fully 60–70% of the population lived in towns (24–37 ac, 10–15 ha), small cities (60 ac, 25 ha), such as Nippur) and larger cities (123 ac, 50 ha, such as Umma and Tello).

Why Uruk Blossomed:The Sumerian Takeoff

There are several theories about why and how the great cities grew to such a large and truly peculiar size and complexity compared to the rest of the world. Uruk society is typically seen as a successful adaptation to changes in the local environment—what had been a marshland in southern Iraq was now arable lands suitable for agriculture. During the first half of the fourth millennium, the southern Mesopotamian alluvial plains had substantial rainfall; populations may have flocked there for the great agriculture.In turn, the growth and centralization of population led to the need for specialized administrative bodies to keep it organized. The cities might have been the result of a tributary economy, with the temples the recipients of tributes from self-sufficient households. Economic trade might have encouraged the specialized production of goods and a chain of competition. Waterborne transportation made possibly by reed boats in southern Mesopotamia would have enabled social responses that drove the "Sumerian Takeoff."

Offices and Officers

Increasing social stratification is also a piece of this puzzle, including the rise of a new class of elites who may have derived their authority from their perceived closeness to the gods. The importance of family relationships (kinship) declined, at least some scholars argue, allowing new interactions outside the family. These changes may have been driven by the sheer population density in the cities.Archaeologist Jason Ur has recently pointed out that although the traditional theory has that bureaucracy developed as a result of the need to handle all the trade and commerce, there are no words for "state" or "office" or "officer" in either language of the time, Sumerian or Akkadian. Instead, specific rulers and elite individuals are mentioned, by titles or personal names. He believes that local rules established the kings and the structure of the household paralleled the structure of the Uruk state: the king was master of his household in the same way that the patriarch was master of his house.

Uruk Expansion

When the headwaters of the Persian Gulf receded southwards during the Late Uruk, it lengthened the courses of the rivers, shrank the marshes and made irrigation a more pressing need. It might very well have been difficult to feed such an enormous population, which in turn led to the colonization of other areas in the region. The courses of the rivers shrank the marshes and made irrigation a more pressing need. It might very well have been difficult to feed such an enormous population, which in turn led to the colonization of other areas in the region.

The earliest expansion of southern Uruk people outside of the Mesopotamian alluvial plain took place during the Uruk period into the neighboring Susiana plain in southwestern Iran. That was evidently wholesale colonization of the region: all the artifactual, architectural and symbolic elements of southern Mesopotamia culture has been identified on the Susiana Plain between 3700–3400 BCE. At the same time, some of the southern Mesopotamian communities began to make contacts with the northern Mesopotamia, including the establishment of what appears to be colonies.

In the north, the colonies were small groups of Uruk colonists living in the middle of existing local communities (like Hacinebi Tepe, Godin Tepe) or in small settlements on the edges of larger Late Chalcolithic centers like Tell Brak and Hamoukar. These settlements were obviously southern Mesopotamian Uruk enclaves, but their role within the large northern Mesopotamian society is not clear. Connan and Van de Velde suggest these were primarily nodes on an extensive pan-Mesopotamian trade network, moving bitumen and copper among other things throughout the region.

Continuing research has demonstrated that the expansion was not entirely driven from the center, but rather that administrative centers around the region had some control over administrative and manufacture of objects. Evidence from cylinder seals, and laboratory identification of the source locations for bitumen, pottery, and other materials suggests that many although the trading colonies in Anatolia, Syria, and Iran did share administrative functionality, symbolism and pottery styles, the artifacts themselves were made locally.

End of Uruk (3200–3000 BCE)

After the Uruk period between 3200–3000 BCE (called the Jemdet Nasr period), an abrupt change occurred that, while dramatic, is perhaps better described as a hiatus, because Mesopotamia's cities roared back into prominence within a couple of centuries. The Uruk colonies in the north were abandoned, and the large cities in the north and south saw a sharp decrease in population and an increase in the number of small rural settlements.

Based on investigations at the larger communities, particularly Tell Brak, climate change is the culprit. A drought, including a sharp rise in temperature and aridity over the region, with widespread drought which taxed the irrigation systems which were sustaining the urban communities.

[ijtsrd]

Study on Properties of Modified Bitumen for Flexible Pavement Construction using Plastic Scrap and Bakelite

by situ Vijay Patil | Nitesh Kushwaha "Study on Properties of Modified Bitumen for Flexible Pavement Construction using Plastic Scrap and Bakelite"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30209.pdf

Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/30209/study-on-properties-of-modified-bitumen-for-flexible-pavement-construction-using-plastic-scrap-and-bakelite/vijay-patil

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The bituminous mix design aims to determine the proportion of bitumen, filler, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates to produce a mix which is workable, strong, durable and economical. In India, majority of road comprise of bituminous surfaced flexible pavements. Distress symptoms, such as cracking, rutting, etc., are being increasingly caused at earlier stages due to high traffic intensity, over loading of vehicles and significant variations in daily and seasonal temperature of the pavement. Use of fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite in the construction of flexible pavement is gaining importance. The modified bitumen shows better properties desired for road construction like ductility , fire and flash point, penetration, specific gravity. The fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite were heated at 160 180oC and added to the aggregate, was added to bitumen 60 70 at 120 140oC. The fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite aggregate mix were then combined to get the sample for dense bituminous concrete DBC . In fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite modified bitumen the higher marshal stability value is obtained when 4 fiber waste plastic scrap material with 4 Bakelite is added to the mix. We get marshal stability value of 1448 kg for fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite mix and 1186 kg for without fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite mixOptimum binder content reduces When 6 fiber waste plastic scrap material with Bakelite is added 5 in comparison of ordinary bituminous mix 5.5 .Reduce the cost to around Rs. 5000 Km. of single lane road Carry the process in 

[razmah1]

Petronas slate change prompts off-specification bitumen

Dateline 2020-07-24, Argus Media:

Malaysia’s state-owned Petronas has started to run more lighter crude at its 270,000 b/d Malacca refinery since mid-July, resulting in an increase in off-specification bitumen supplies.

Malacca typically blends Saudi Arabian crude with fuel oil to produce pen 60/70 bitumen. It has raised the amount of light sweet crude it uses, together with its typical medium…

[iranexportbiz]

BITUMEN - 60/70

BITUMEN – 60/70

BITUMEN – 60/70 Test Method Specification   Description ASTM – D – 71, D3289 1.01 – 1.06 (Kg/m3) Specific Gravity @ 25oC ASTM – D – 5 60 / 70   Penetration @ 25oC 100 gr. 5s ASTM – D – 36 49 / 56 (oC) Softening Point ASTM – D – 113 100 Min. (cm) Ductility @ 25oC 5 cm/min ASTM – D – 6 0.2 Max. (Wt %) Loss on Heating ASTM –  D – 5 20 Max. (%) Drop in Penetration after Heating ASTM…

[xtruss]

75 CIVIL ENGINEERING INTERVIEW QUESTIONS: 1. What is bending moment (BM) & Shear force (SF) – Explain. 2. What are the steps involved in the concreting process, explain? 3. Describe briefly the various methods of concrete curing. 4. What is the minimum curing period? 5. What Do You Understand by M25 Concrete? 6. What is Water-Cement Ratio and How it is related to the strength of concrete? 7. What is a bearing capacity of soil? 8. How to increase the bearing capacity of soil? 9. What are the different types of foundation? 10. Explain moment of inertia and its importance. 11. How do we determine the specific gravity of a cement? 12. Density Of 1 cum cement? 13. What are the causes of building collapse? 14. What is bar bending schedule (BBS) & how to prepare it? 15. Why is concrete cube test carried out? 16. Why is concrete slump test carried out? 17. What is bleeding, segregation, honeycombing of concrete? 18. What is pre-stressed concrete? Which reinforcement is used in prestressed concrete? 19. What is the ratio of steel and concrete to use in slabs, beams, columns? 20. Difference between pre-tensioning and post-tensioning? 21. What are the weights of 16mm, 12mm, 20mm, 25mm, 8mm Dia. Bars. 22. What is the minimum Propping Period of Beams and Slabs of various Spans? 23. What are the advantages of Prestressed Concrete over R.C.C? 24. Quantity of materials required for different works. 25. Which is stronger solid steel rod or hollow steel pipe? 26. Initial & final setting time of concrete? 27. why we use steel reinforcement in concrete for construction? 28. Is brick strength more or concrete block? 29. How to Calculate Number of Bricks Per Square Foot? 30. 28 days compressive strength of concrete in PSI? 31. How to calculate the unit weight of steel bars? 32. What is Plinth Level and Sill Level? 33. What is Brest Wall? 34. What is Brick crushing strength(PSI)? 35. How many Types of Joints are in Concrete Pavement ? 36. How can cracks in concrete be avoided? 37. How many types Of Damp proofing in construction? 38. 28 Days Strength of Concrete (1:2:4)? 39. How many types of slabs are there & how to design it? 40. How much is the cover for slab? 41. Maximum % of Steel in columns and beams? 42. What is fineness modulus? 43. What is Packing Factor? 44. Difference between one way slab & two way slab? 45. Difference between QA & QC? 46. What do you mean by Fe415? 47. What are the functions of a column in a building? 48. How many feet are in 4 square yards? 49. What is the average density of soil? 50. What is the ratio of Grades M5, M7.5, M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35, M40? 51. Why foundation is provided? 52. The concrete slump recommended for beams and slabs; is- 53. What is the meaning of soil reinforcement? 54. What is the different type of slump test indications? 55. What is buckling or crippling load? 56. Define slenderness ratio. What is its effect on the design of compression member? 57. Shear force and BM diagrams for different types of loadings on beams. 58. Difference between mild steel and HYSD bars? 59. What is meant by 80/100 grade bitumen? 60. What is differential settlement? 61. What does 33,43 and 53-grades of cement mean? 62. How do you construct a 25 storey building with no columns? 63. Types of loads on structure? 64. Difference between pre-tensioning and post-tensioning? 65. What is the L/D ratio of a cantilever beam? 66. What is camber? 67. What is batching? Difference between volume and weight batching? 68. How is a theodolite leveled? 69. What is a benchmark? Name the different types. 70. Types of admixtures? 71. What are the CAD softwares you have used? 72. Interpret a strss vs strain curve. 73. Define modulus of elasticity. 74. What are the chemical compositions of cement? 75. What is creep & shrinkage of concrete?

[iranexportbiz]

BITUMEN - 60/70

BITUMEN – 60/70

BITUMEN – 60/70 Test Method Specification   Description ASTM – D – 71, D3289 1.01 – 1.06 (Kg/m3) Specific Gravity @ 25oC ASTM – D – 5 60 / 70   Penetration @ 25oC 100 gr. 5s ASTM – D – 36 49 / 56 (oC) Softening Point ASTM – D – 113 100 Min. (cm) Ductility @ 25oC 5 cm/min ASTM – D – 6 0.2 Max. (Wt %) Loss on Heating ASTM –  D – 5 20 Max. (%) Drop in Penetration after Heating ASTM…