#best nephrologist in agartala

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Kidney Infection - Symptoms & Causes

Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection that usually occurs when you urinate or fall into your gallbladder and go to one or both of your kidneys.

Kidney infections need immediate medical care if left untreated. Kidney infections can permanently damage your kidneys or cause bacteria to spread to your bloodstream and death-threatening infections.

Symptoms of kidney infection may include:

·       Fever

·       Chills

·       Back, side or groin pain

·       Abdominal pain

·       Frequent urination

·       Strong urge to urinate

·       Burning or pain in the urine

·       Frequent vomiting

·       Pus or blood in your urine

When to consult a doctor?

If you have any worries or symptoms, consult the nearest nephro doctor. If you are receiving treatment for urinary tract infections but your symptoms are not improving, change your specialist. Kidney disease can be life-threatening. If you have symptoms of kidney infection with bloody urine or nausea and vomiting, seek medical help immediately. If you live somewhere near Tripura, Agartala, seek the treatment of the best nephrologist in Agartala.

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Complications That Arise from Acute Kidney Failure

If your kidneys suddenly stop filtering waste products from your blood, acute kidney failure happens. There may be an imbalance in the chemical composition of your blood and alarming levels of wastes may accumulate when your kidneys fail to filter properly. Most cases of acute kidney failure develop within a few days. It can lead to various complications. The best nephrologist in Agartala treats many cases of acute kidney failure. 

Fluid build-up: There can be a build-up of fluid in your lungs due to acute kidney failure. This causes difficulty in breathing.

Chest pain: When there is inflammation in the pericardium, the lining that covers your heart, you may feel pain in the chest.

Muscle weakness: When there is a chemical imbalance in your blood, it can cause weakness in your muscles.

Permanent kidney damage: End-stage renal disease or permanent loss of kidney function can happen due to acute kidney failure. When this happens, you will need either permanent dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Death: There can ultimately be death due to loss of kidney function when there is acute kidney failure.

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New To Dialysis? Here’s What One Needs to Know

When one has developed end-stage kidney failure, his/ her kidneys are not able to function on their own anymore. It usually occurs when the concerned patient has lost around 85 % - 90% of kidney function. In such cases of kidney failure, dialysis can be the fix!

Key Points to Remember

At a certain point in chronic kidney disease, dialysis becomes the most effective treatment option. As per the most reputed nephrologist in Agartala, a patient who is experiencing kidney failure usually needs to undergo dialysis.

There are some cases when a nephrologist recommends a patient to undergo dialysis even when there is no preliminary symptom of very poor kidney function. A kidney doctor may recommend an earlier session of dialysis when one’s kidneys are still functioning in a better way.

Starting earlier dialysis might reduce the fluid in the body, improve nutrition, and reduce the chances of getting admitted to the hospital for further kidney failure.

Expectations and side effects

Dialysis is quite a time-consuming process, but it shouldn’t be a painful one.  If one tends to feel pain during or after the surgery, he/she needs to convey it to the concerned nephrologist immediately.

Potential side effects that need your attention

Vomiting or nausea

Low blood pressure

Muscle cramps

Itchy or dry skin

The risk of infection

However, some of these side effects can be reduced through proper diet and other guidelines given by the concerned health care provider.

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3 minutes read on Hepatorenal Syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome is a certain health complication that is a result of end-stage renal disease. Also, this is a progressive condition of a patient suffering from rapid deterioration in the kidneys. Eventually, it leads the patient to suffer from acute kidney failure.

Who is at most risk?  

As per the reputed nephrology doctor in Agartala, hepatorenal syndrome mostly affects people who already have a chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis. If not treated on time, this condition can be fatal.

What are the common types of Hepatorenal Syndrome? 

Type 1 HRS

This type of HRS usually has an overproduction of creatinine and a rapid progression of kidney failure. Some common symptoms of this condition are edema, low blood pressure, azotemia and decreased urination.

Type 2 HRS

This type of HRS has a slow progression as compared to type 1 HRS. The major symptom of type 2 is Ascites.

Causes and risk factors

Acute alcoholic hepatitis

Unstable blood pressure

Use of diuretics

Infection in kidney

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Intradialytic Hypertension

The condition in which there is an intradialytic increase in the mean arterial pressure by greater or equal than 15mmHg is intradialytic hypertension There can also be an intradialytic increase in the systolic blood pressure by greater or equal than 10 mmHg in this condition.

After significant ultrafiltration takes place, hypertension normally develops during the second or third hour of haemodialysis. The symptoms depend on the blood pressure level and can vary at times.

Acute headache

Acute target organ damage

For the proper diagnosis of this condition, you need to undergo certain tests as per the advice of the best nephrologist in Kolkata. These tests include:

Serum calcium test, which helps to exclude hypercalcemia

Haemoglobin test, which helps to exclude erythrocytosis

Electrocardiogram(EKG), which helps to exclude arrhythmias or acute myocardial infarction

Chest X-ray

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

CT scan of the head

When there is proper detection of the condition, the doctor decides the treatment option for the patient.

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Intradialytic Hypotension

When there is a systolic blood pressure of less than 100 mmHg or a systolic blood pressure decrease of greater than 10 mmHg, it is intradialytic hypotension. It also happens when there is a mean arterial pressure decrease of greater than 30 mmHg with or without symptoms. You can know about this condition in details from a renal physician in Kolkata.This condition can lead to severe complications including:

Inadequate dialysis

A rapid decline in the residual kidney function

Delay in the recovery of kidney function when there is acute kidney injury

Vascular access thrombosis

Chronic fluid retention

Increased risk of mortality

Increased risk of cardiovascular disorders

The following tests may be necessary.

Electrocardiogram (EKG) to exclude arrhythmias or acute myocardial infarction

Serum albumin test to exclude hypoalbuminemia

Blood glucose test to exclude hypoglycaemia

Cardiac biomarkers

Haemoglobin test to exclude acute blood loss

24-hour Holter monitor to exclude cardiac arrhythmias

Transthoracic echocardiography

Bioelectrical impedance analyses

Thyroid function tests to exclude subclinical hypothyroidism

Serum cortisol test to exclude adrenal insufficiency

Chest X-ray

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New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation (NODAT)

A frequent metabolic complication after renal transplantation is new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). It is quite a serious matter. The patients have a risk for cardiovascular disease and infection, which reduces the chance of patient survival. We got to know from the top nephrologists in Kolkata that there are different risk factors for this condition. Some of these are nonmodifiable risk factors such as age, race, family history of diabetes, genetic background and previous glucose intolerance. There are modifiable risk factors also, which include obesity, CMV and HCV infections and immunosuppressive drugs.

A major risk factor for NODAT is older age, as found in many cases. It has been found that in comparison to younger persons, the risk of NODAT after six months from kidney transplant is more in older persons. According to various studies, body mass index (BMI) and body weight have a connection with the development of NODAT. Among the cases of NODAT, a large percentage is due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs. You need to consult your doctor on how to reduce your risk of NODAT if you need to undergo a kidney transplant.

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Causes and Risk Factors of Membranous Nephropathy

When there is an attack on the filtering membranes in the kidney by the immune system of the body, it is membranous nephropathy. These membranes are part of the glomeruli and play a major role in filtering waste products from the blood. The symptoms of membranous nephropathy show up at different times in different people.

We learnt from a renal physician in Kolkata that it is a type of autoimmune disorder. Autoantibodies produced by your body’s immune system attack certain proteins in the glomeruli, which is the filtering system of the kidney. This is the primary membranous nephropathy. There is another type that happens due to other causes. It is the secondary membranous nephropathy. These causes include:

Hepatitis B infection

Autoimmune disease

Solid cancerous tumours or blood cancers

Some medicines

Your risk of membranous nephropathy can increase due to different factors including:

Genetic background

Use of some medicines

Exposure to certain infections

Suffering from a medical condition that is harmful to your kidneys

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A Brief Overview of Lupus Nephritis

When there is inflammation of the kidneys due to systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), the condition is lupus nephritis. The immune system of the body targets your own body tissues and organs including the kidneys in this condition. Protein can leak from the kidneys when these get inflamed. There can be kidney failure if you cannot control lupus.

The different symptoms of lupus nephritis include:

Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet

High blood pressure

Weight gain

Dark urine

Urine with foam and froth

The need for urinating at night

A kidney specialist doctor in Agartala will ask you questions about your symptoms and advise you to undergo some tests. These tests include blood and urine tests and kidney biopsy. The aim of the treatment is to:

Manage the symptoms

Control the progression of the disease

The doctor decides the treatment option based on the type of lupus nephritis in every case. He/she prescribes medicines like immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids. If necessary, you may also have to take medicines that lower blood pressure or prevent blood clots.

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Habits That Can Damage Your Kidneys

The kidneys have a vital role in the proper functioning of our body. These help in the filtering of the blood before it travels back to the heart. The kidneys also help in the passing out of the waste from the body in the form of urine. A nephrologist in Agartala told us about some habits that can damage our kidneys.

Having excess salt

You are consuming high amounts of sodium if you have a diet high in salt. This will harm your kidneys by increasing your blood pressure.

Overuse of painkillers

If you have the habit of taking painkillers frequently, it may give you relief from your pain but it can damage your kidneys.

Not drinking enough water

Your kidneys can properly clear sodium and toxins from the body if you remain well hydrated. There is a chance of developing kidney stones if you don’t drink enough water.

Eating an excess amount of meat

High amounts of acid get generated in the blood due to the consumption of animal protein. It can be harmful to the kidneys.

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Some Ways to Prevent Kidney Stones

The hard deposits of minerals that form inside your kidneys are kidney stones. These can cause much pain and make your life miserable. It may happen sometimes that you need surgery for the treatment of kidney stones. However, as per the opinion of a nephrologist in Agartala, it is possible to lessen the risk of developing kidney stones. Here we will mention some ways for that.

Stay hydrated

An effective way to prevent kidney stones is by drinking more water. You can also drink fresh fruit juice. If your urine looks clear or pale yellow, it means that your body is properly hydrated.

Eat foods rich in calcium

If your diet is low in calcium, it can increase your risk of developing kidney stones. You should consume more calcium-rich foods.

Have less sodium

Your risk of calcium kidney stones increases due to a high-salt diet. Calcium does not get properly reabsorbed from the urine to the blood if there is an excessive amount of salt in your urine. Kidney stones may form as this causes high urine calcium.

Avoid oxalate-rich foods

Oxalate often binds with the calcium in urine to form kidney stones. You may prevent these stones from forming by avoiding oxalate-rich foods as much as possible.

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Some Points on Hydronephrosis

If a kidney swells due to the lack of proper draining of urine from the kidney to the bladder, it leads to hydronephrosis. In this condition, the urine builds up in the kidney. This results in enlargement of the kidney and it puts pressure on the nearby organs. It can affect one or both the kidneys. An underlying disease often causes hydronephrosis. It happens when there is a blockage or obstruction in the urinary tract. You can develop different symptoms if you have hydronephrosis. A kidney specialist doctor in Agartala can help you get rid of this problem through proper treatment. If there is a lack of treatment, your kidneys can permanently stop functioning.

The doctor will thoroughly check you for any symptoms. He/she will also take the help of the following tests to understand your condition.

Blood tests

Urine tests

An ultrasound

A specialized X-ray of the urinary tract

CT scan

MRI

MAG3 scan

The treatment options depend on the condition of hydronephrosis in a person. The doctor can prescribe some antibiotics to reduce the chance of urinary tract infections. The use of a catheter to drain out excess urine often proves beneficial. There may be a need for surgery in some cases.

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A Brief Discussion on Membranous Nephropathy

When there are damage and thickening of the glomeruli, which are the small blood cells in the kidney, you suffer from membranous nephropathy. The purpose of these cells is to filter wastes from the blood. This leads to the leakage of the proteins from the damaged blood vessels into the urine (proteinuria). There are different signs and symptoms in many people due to the loss of these proteins and these are known as nephrotic symptoms.

This condition can lead to the following complications:

Blood clots

High cholesterol

Infections

High blood pressure

Nephrotic syndrome

Chronic kidney disease

Acute kidney failure

You must undergo proper treatment by the best nephrologist in Agartala to keep things under control. The doctor will suggest some tests to diagnose membranous nephropathy. These include urinalysis, blood tests, antinuclear antibody test, glomerular filtration rate test, computed tomography, kidney ultrasound, kidney biopsy and anti-PLA2R antibody test. The test results will help the doctor to decide the treatment option.

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3 Tips To Help You Adjust To Dialysis

Dealing with kidney failure is quite a life-changing experience. Unfortunately, a failed kidney has no fix. Potential patients either need dialysis or a transplanted kidney to live with. As per the survey records, the majority of kidney patients rely on the process of dialysis.

If you are one of the dialysis patients, you need to adjust to the ‘new normal’ life. 3 important tips are mentioned below: 

Learn The Basics:

To begin with, you will be overloaded with information. Do your own homework to know everything about your disease about dialysis and medicines and most importantly, about your body.

Stay Positive:

Try to focus on the positive facts. Always keep the positive attitude that dialysis will allow you to live. Sometimes, it is alright to feel angry about your situation. But don’t allow these emotions to rule your life.

Be Your Own Boss: 

There will be different people with different pieces of advice around you. But if you are under a dialysis treatment, you need to be an active participant. Take your own decision on how to choosing the best kidney doctor in Agartala. 

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3 Habits to Ditch If You Want to Reduce Kidney Risks

We consulted with the best kidney specialist in Agartala 3 common habits that might be putting pressure on your kidneys.It’s never too late to unlearn these kidney damaging behaviors.

Overdoses of Painkillers:

Are you one of them who swallow a pain killer every time you have a headache or menstruation pain? Often over the counter pain medications can harm your kidneys. Reduce your regular dosages of such NSAID.  

Consuming Too Much Salt:

Having a diet high in sodium can increase your blood pressure and in turn harm your kidneys like salted fish, sea fish, salted dry fish (sidol and sutki for Tripura, assam, Nagaland and Bangladesh patients)

Binge Eating Junk Food

Processed foods serve as significant sources of phosphorus and sodium. If you have kidney disease you need to cut down the consumption of junk food.   

Sitting still for a long span of time might lead to the possibility of kidney disease. That is why greater physical activity is associated with glucose metabolism and improved blood pressure.

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Can I undergo kidney transplant surgery during this pandemic?

Perhaps, this is the most asked question all the reputed nephrologists are getting these days.  Kidney transplantation is an effective treatment recommended for the last stage of chronic kidney disease.

When is it required? 

In the last stage of CKD (chronic kidney disease), one’s kidneys fail to function normally.  Transplanting kidneys is a surgical procedure that helps one to replace the diseased kidneys with a healthy pair of kidneys from another person, who is also known as the donor. In most cases, the recipient’s family member or a friend becomes the donor of healthy kidneys.

Are Transplant Recipients more likely to get COVID-19? 

Well, transplant recipients might have an increased chance to get infected from viruses. However, the chance of catching the virus is less if one follows the guidance of the concerned kidney specialist doctor. The healthcare team will guide the patient throughout the transplantation procedure