#art horse bazar
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clairikine · 1 year ago
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I'm very happy to be tabling again at Art Horse Bazar this Sunday, 12-7pm at Wagenburg Lohmühle in Berlin-Treptow! I got to table here last year and it was easily one of my favorite events of the summer. Hope to see you there!
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notsosecret-slgarden · 3 years ago
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drram1952 · 4 years ago
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Sindhi Community in Pakistan
The ruins of Mohan – Jo – Daro speak of tremendous age of human civilization in Sindh, but the 1st written records of the region related to the invention of Alexander the great in 325 BC. Alexander seriously injured in battle with fierce tribesmen outside Multan, but after his recovery he proceeded on down the Jhelum and in Indus River with a fleet of about 2000 ships, captured by securing Sukkur, and the surrounding territory. 
Eventually he made his way to the sea – to sail for home at a place that the historians call Alexander heaven, which was probably somewhere in the region of modern Alexander. The 1st major town that the travellers who followed Alexander historic route in to Sindh will come to his Sukkur, some seven horse drive to the south west of Multan its character is moulded around the river  that flows through it on which high rigged, sabot – shaped boats place slowly to and fro across the current, here in the shadows of the grand Mosque, which casts the reflection of its shimmering minerals on the waters of the Indus, fisher flock river people lead proud and independent outdoor lives, exposed to the elements and the vicissitudes of nature. 
Their settlements are strung out in a ranged line along the river banks thatched wooden huts on shore and huge leaking house boats afloat on the water. The fisher man looks gaudy caring and un-ruly hair seems to be the hallmarks of latter day pirate yet, on closure acquaintance, they immerse as gentle kind hearted people with delightful sense of humour and a calm and social fatalism. Pushing to smoke a home road cigarette with them and to drink a cup of tea you are aware of the beauty of the river in the early morning as
reflect un-hurried wavelets lap against the mud embankment. The shots of children bathing for a way in mid-stream carry effortlessly across the still sunny air and mingle with the rhythm of clothes being slapped dry by a laundry man against the flat black rocks.
Turning South from Sukkur the road runs straight and though some of the more fertile regions of Sindh. Cultivation here is plentiful but in the absence of effective irrigation, depends to a great extent on the modes of the Indus, through the river flows sluggishly for most of the year it has a tendency to flood and tendency that is the basis for more than 40% of Sindh agricultures over the millennia the Indus has deposited so much alluvium along its path that in many places its banks and even its bed are above the level of the surroundings plains.
One such change of courses dramatically improved the fortunes of Hyderabad. Some 320 km to the south of sukkur, in the mid-18th century Hyderabad was known “Nikunkot” and the Indus flow peacefully enough to the east of it. In 1758, however, the unpredictable river shifted into a new course to the waste of the town. A few years later because of the havoc further South, that had resulted from the change of course, Sindh rulers the saintly Ghulam Shah Kalhores moves his capital to Nirkot, at the same time remaining Hyderabad.  
The Oval fort build by Ghulam Shah still stands today, in the centre of modern Hyderabad and bears very little evidence of the skirmishes that have taken place outside 1 km circumference of its walls around them. Traffic moves ceaselessly. Horse drawn carts mingle with more elaborate 6 seaters landaus. A whole local industry is given over to carriage making and the craft man are renovated for their painstaking attention to detail, it is an aborting experience to watch a master at work embossing a huge wooden wheel with bright nails and chrome or carving integrate designs into the tall boat of landau.
Karachi enjoys a splendid natural harbour, 1 of the best in the sub-continent. It has only seriously exploded the valuable asset in the 100 years, although it potential for great prosperity was visible somewhat earlier. “Yet be the glory of the East”, prophesied sir Charles Napier. The British General who conquered Sindh would that I could come again Karachi, to see you in your grandeur Napier 1st visit was in 1943, when the great city was an in –significant and un-appealing coastal town with population of the most, a few thousands called Kullachi. It has 2 gates, Mithadr facing sweet water well, and Khaddar facing the salty sea. Today, though the world 19th century town is long gone its (sweet and salt) gets to Karachi oldest.  
In 1947 the new state of Pakistan was born and Karachi was established as the Capital, though Karachi is no longer Pakistan’s capital, having surrender that honour to Islamabad in 1959, its dominance in the national economy is behind dispute. The port handles is billions tons of cargo annually and is 1 of the most important shipping centre in South Asia, Karachi is also the main terminus of Pakistan railway system and the sight of the principal international airport, about 1 quarter of the centuries industries are located here.
Karachi cloth bazar is an excellent place to sample for the 1st time the intoxicating atmosphere of this great city.
Here amidst the food and drink stalls that seems to congregate where ever goods are bought and sold merchants from, all over Pakistan are to be found engaged in the business of making money. Textile are still century’s largest industry and Karachi is the largest whole sale centre for the products of
this industry. Products which are moved to retail outlet as far away as Peshawar and Ravalpindi, Kota and Lahore.
Karachi museum is a major repository of national treasury and a centre of Archaeological and Historical research situated in the heart of the city in pleasant garden it is divided into a pre-historic gallery, a Buddhist Hindu gallery, a Muslim gallery and Ethnological gallery, a manuscript hall and numismatist section. The Muslim gallery contains a particularly fine collection of miniature painting and art form that was in high vogue during the Mughal era. Manuscripts hall illuminated a number of extremely ancient copies of the holy Quran, illuminated throughout and characterised by delegate and imaginative choreography.    
In Pakistan over all the Sindhi community is settled in Hyderabad, Karachi, Sukkur and many other parts of Sindh state. The lifestyle of the Sindhi people in Pakistan shows that they follow occupations like making clothes, ornaments, fishing, making wheel carts with decorations. They make beautiful vehicles decorate them and are involved in poultry making also. In a survey conducted by myself in Vadodara, Ahmedabad & Mumbai, I visited 35 families in different areas I asked them certain questions about life in Pakistan. Many people of Amil, Bhaibandh, Shikarpur, Hyderabad and these have someone which is considered so many Sindhi’s like Punjabis. Bhatia, Shikarpuri etc.
In Amil most of the families are working in Government sector and in the corporate sector. This community is mostly highly educated Sindhi families. Bhaibandh are businessman working abroad most of the people are engaged in business activities like, toys, clothes, electronics etc. These people are working in neighbouring countries also. People other than this caste have a different social religious future language in the Bhaibandh caste are more educated and mainly businessman. The life style is different from community to community.
In Pakistan the dresses of Sindhi women’s are the cap they wear etc and different from the other Pakistani people. After the partition the Sindhi celebrate in a way of similar to that in India. They continued the barter system in Pakistan even after the partition, even today many other states practice the same, in many Sindhi caste (dowry system) is still equivalent in this system like cash, ornaments, clothes and furniture are demanded from girl’s family. Due to this many girls get married out of caste which leads to failure of marriage as girls are not able to adjust out of caste. I have personally observed that many girls over 30 years of age are un-married. In Sindhi community girls are highly educated while the boys are not so, so their ideas lifestyle changes but those Sindhi’s still who live in Pakistan has totally changed.
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skgway · 5 years ago
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1824 Sept., Thurs. 9
8
1 1/4
Breakfast at 9 1/4 – Went out at 10 1/2 – Took Cordingley with me and sauntered along the Rue St. Honoré to the Boulevard des Madeleines, etc. The Passages des Panorama and Feydeau and the Rue Vivienne into the Palace Royal – Walked round this, got 2 ten pound and 1 five-pound 6 of English notes changed at Joseph's Gallerie de Richelieu 20, and got home at 1 – 
At 2 went out again with Madame de B– [Boyve], and Mrs. Barlow, and Mrs. Mackenzie, and their daughters – Went to the Boulevard des Italiens – to a shop for real cachemire India shawls – Might have had beautiful ones for £40 to £50 –
Then went to the shop we were at yesterday, and Mrs. Mackenzie and Madame de B– [Boyve] chose me a bourre-de-soie (long) at 145 francs – The rest of the party went to the Palace Royal – 
Madame de B– [Boyve] and I went to the bazar – seeing Madame sewing with a steel thimble, bought and gave her a silver one at the bazar – She then went with me to Madame Romantier, and ordered the garniture of my gown – We certainly get on very well together – 
Got home at 4 3/4 – Dressed for dinner as usual – Dinner about 6 – In the evening Monsieur Sorteval, and 2 other gentlemen – The game of secretaire, that is writing questions and answers – 
Came upstairs at 11 1/2 – Fine day – Cool and very little sun – Fahrenheit 71º at 12 1/2 p.m. – 20 minutes writing the above of today – E [two dots, treating venereal complaint] O [two dots, marking discharge of venereal complaint]
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The Rue Saint Honore and Church of Saint Roch, Paris, 1840 by Mingasson De Martinazeau S. (Photo by: Christophel Fine Art/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
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Antique photograph of the Boulevard de la Madeleine, Paris, filled with horses and carriages, in the late 19th Century
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Galeries de bois at the Palais-Royal, one the earliest shopping arcades in Europe, with evidence of expansive glazing
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PARIS - Boulevard des Italiens. Late 19th
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ssocatherine · 6 years ago
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SSO Concepts pt 1: Sundelan
Here is my newest project! I will be making some concept art for places that I think would be cool to have in game! Starting first with a desert location: Sundelan.
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The key to this place, is not just the unique landscape, but the horse that comes with it: The Marwari.
The vast desert land of Sundelan are hot and unforgiving. The village here is full of wonder. The people here sell many items under the Bazar. From clothing especially designed for the sand and the sun, to trinkets and spices. However, outside the village is a desert not for the faint of heart. It is home to deadly snakes and little shade. If you dare to trek this land, you should prepare yourself with plenty of water to last you until your next destination. Luckily, this land has the perfect horse for such travelers. The Marwari horse was carefully bred for hundreds of years by the Sundelan people. This breed of horse is very hardy, with strong hooves and can withstand the extreme temperatures. They have extremely good stamina and can go for long periods of time without water which is ideal for the Sundelan landscape.
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samuraiko · 7 years ago
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Semi-Useful Notes for Writing for THE ROYAL TUTOR
(Author’s Note: This includes all twelve episodes of the anime (plus the movie), as well as up through Chapter 84 of the manga (18 Oct 2019) and what info I can glean from the Character Book (unfortunately it’s all in Japanese). I will continually update this post as the series progresses and new spiffy stuff shows up, so visit my Master List of my ROYAL TUTOR Stuff to see the latest version.)
While writing A Noble Soul (which is done, by the way!), I had the idea that I personally love the little touches of authenticity that make a story more 'real,' and hey, if nothing else, I learn a few things along the way. (I *am* a researcher, after all!) So I did a lot of searching to find the real-world analogues of the buildings, references, history, and so forth from the series. As you’ll see in the descriptions, I explain how I determined which ones were which.
You’re welcome to post questions, comments, share this, etc. Hope it helps anyone else who wants to write for the ROYAL TUTOR fandom! (Quick question - would everyone prefer me to include chapter references for stuff? It’d make this post much longer, but if the fandom thinks it’d be useful, I can give it a shot.)
So, here we go!
GRANZREICH FAMILY INFO
Viktor von Granzreich, current ruler of the kingdom of Granzreich, assumed the throne at 18 (considering his father’s much later death, this may have been for reasons of health on his father’s part, possible abdication on his father’s part, or other political reasons)
Maria von Granzreich, Viktor’s mother, still living
NOTE: Her sibling (name and gender as yet unmentioned) is the Queen’s parent
Father’s name as yet unmentioned, died of natural causes at ‘a ripe old age’
NOTE: The princes mention in earlier chapters that they do remember their grandfather from when they were small, so his death is relatively recent)
Viktor’s wife (appears only once in flashback, name as yet unmentioned)
NOTE: One of her siblings (not sure if brother or sister) is the parent of Beatrix von Lothringen
(Beatrix also has three younger brothers and one younger sister)
Viktor’s children:
Eins von Granzreich, Viktor’s eldest child and firstborn son
Kai von Granzreich, Viktor’s second son
Currently engaged to Beatrix von Lothringen, first cousin to the princes
Bruno von Granzreich, Viktor’s third son
Leonhard von Granzreich, Viktor’s fourth son
Licht von Granzreich, Viktor’s fifth son
Adele von Granzreich, Viktor’s sixth child and only daughter
LOCATIONS:
GRANZREICH (real world analogue: Austria)
Granzreich population: ~6 million
Side note: Both Viktor and Leonhard are shown riding white horses - these are the famed Lipizzaner stallions, from the Spanish Riding School of Vienna, Austria
Other side note: Viktor’s typical outfit is clearly inspired by the military field uniform of Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria (the white variant that the princes wear on some of the covers/inside art is the gala/formal version); the three medals shown on Viktor’s uniform are the Order of the Golden Fleece around his neck, what appears to be a simplified version of the Long Service Cross over his heart, and what appears to be a simplified version of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Maria Theresa just below that (a round circle with a cross).
90% of Granzreich’s population is Gherman (see below)
3% of Granzreich’s population is Kvel (see below)
Wienner (capital) (real world analogue: Vienna, Austria)
Wienner's population: ~1.3 million
Weissburg/Weisburg Palace (both spellings are used) (real world analogue: Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria) - specifically, the part often shown as denoting the palace is the Neue Berg wing
Karl Theater (real world analogue: Carltheater) - operettas
Remnant Theater (possible real world analogue: Raimund Theatre) - operettas
National Opera House (real world analogue: Staatsoper (originally Vienna Court Opera)) - opera house
National Art Museum (real world analogue: Kunsthistorisches Museum - directly opposite the palace, it is the largest art museum in the country; the image of the museum behind Heine when he announces the prize matches the façade of the building)
Granzreich University (real world analogue: there is no University of Austria, per se, but there is the University of Graz (the second largest city in Austria), which is the second largest and second oldest university in Austria)
Wienner University (real world analogue: University of Vienna, the building shown in both the anime and the manga is the main building - this is where Doctor Dmitri (and later Bruno) comes to lecture – it is also recognized as a leading institution for studies in Humanities – Bruno would do well here studying Philosophy!)
Prunksaal (real world analogue: Prunksaal) – the national library (also housed within the palace in another building)
Within the Prunksaal is the Royal Archive, where historical documents, judicial records, going back hundreds of years, and other documents the royal family keeps from one generation to another are preserved; only royals and a fraction of statesmen are permitted to use it (this is the place referenced in the anime that Prince Licht says even princes can’t visit without the king’s express permission)
The plaza/fountain where the KaseKrainer stand is (real world analogue: Donnerbrunnen Fountain in the center of the Neuer Markt)
Granzreich Military Academy (real world analogue: Theresian Military Academy (one of the oldest in the world) - yearly had 100 nobles and 100 commoners enrolled)
Princes are enrolled at the age of 15 (in-series)
Schwarz Palace (real world analogue: Schloss Neuwaldegg, aka Villa Schwarzenberg - at first I thought this was the Palais Schwarzenberg, but double-checking the architecture confirms it's the Schloss) - in-series, given to a general who played a major role in the war 150 years ago by the reigning king, Friedrich IV, and currently Prince Eins’ residence
Kohl Street, the site of Café Mitter Meyer's second location (real world analogue: Kohlmarkt, which is indeed right next to the palace, and leads past the Catholic Church of St. Peter)
The train station (mentioned in-series when Viktor gives directions, as well as the departure point for various trips) (real world analogue: Wien Südbahnhof, Vienna’s main train station)
Wienner Grand Hotel (mentioned in-series as Herman Koenig’s previous place of employ) (real world analogue: Grand Hotel Wien, Vienna’s first Grand Hotel, opened in 1870, and *the* last word in elegance - Herman would have worked in the Kavalierbar, the hotel’s bar/lounge) 
Augustinian Church (Augustinerkirche) (not mentioned in series, just a useful note) - the parish church of the royal court (located next to the Hofburg)
Salzichl (the royal villa and hot springs) (real world analogue: the Kaiser Therme at Bad Ischl, aka the ‘Emperor’s Spa, favoured holiday resort of Emperor Franz Joseph I - and yes, the architecture as shown in the manga is exactly what the villa looks like... Leonhard would his own reasons to love it there, as it also has a renowned pastry shop)
OTHER NATIONS:
Fonsein/Fonseine (both spellings are used, though Fonseine is used more often) (real world analogue: France)
Capital - Fleur (real world analogue: Versailles - while the capital of France is actually Paris, Versailles was the primary residence of French royalty until the revolution, and the art in the manga depicts the Palace of Versailles and its famed gardens (which, as Bruno ruefully notes, are in fact larger than the gardens of Weissburg Palace, aka the Hofburg). Rather than differentiate between Versailles and Paris (approximately 15 miles away), the manga conflates the two of them together, as the map that Claude shows the princes depicts Paris’s center. Also, the manga accurately states it’s a half-day from Wienner to Fleur by train - at a guess, the train station that the princes arrive at is Gare de l’Est.) Some of the famous sights in Fleur include:
The Etoile Arc (real world analogue: the Arc de Triomphe, and as Claude points out, is a monument to France’s endurance through war and hardship, and is carved with bas-reliefs indicating peace and friendship)
The Opera House (real world analogue: the famed Paris Opera House (immortalized in literature by Gaston Leroux in his novel The Phantom of the Opera), stated to have been completed “five years ago” (as the Paris Opera House was completed in 1875, this puts the current date at 1880-ish)
The Art Museum (real world analogue: the museum depicted here is the Louvre, and Claude is not kidding when he says you could spend a week and STILL not see all the art museums in Paris)
The Cathedral (real world analogue: Notre-Dame de Paris - immortalized in literature by Victor Hugo is his novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, although Leonhard possibly mis-translates Claude’s description as to when it was built - Notre-Dame de Paris was completed FIVE hundred and fifty years earlier, not FOUR hundred and fifty)
The Department Store (real world analogue: because the interior art is so limited, this is likely one of three places - Le Bon Marché, the Bazar de l’Hôtel de Ville (BHV), or Printemps Haussman)
Current queen: Queen Isabelle (distant blood relatives of the same family as the von Granzreichs) (real world analogue: debatable, as post-1870, France was ruled by republican government, rather than a monarchy - also as of Chapter 69, Claude confirms that his mother and father are both abroad (so yes, Isabelle is currently married).
Her son, Claude, first prince of Fonseine, the only child (and a child not much older than Adele, and THIS is Adele's intended fiance!) (I was under the impression she was affianced to someone else already!)
Granzreich and Fonseine have been in friendly relations for the past 200 years through royal intermarriage
AND EINS IS TO BE ENGAGED TO SOMEONE IN FONSEINE (correction - Eins is later revealed to be engaged to the Princess of Belgian (see below); however given the close intermarriages between their real world analogues of France, Austria, Spain, Germany, and Belgium, this may have been a negotiation point between Fonseine and Granzreich for upcoming treaties or other political purposes)
Beyer (real world analogue: Bavaria (southern state in Germany))
Belgian (real world analogue: Belgium)
Current queen: Queen Charlotte (real world analogue: Charlotte, Princess of Wales, wife to Leopold I of Belgium)
Princess Paola, second princess of Belgian (later referred to in Chap 77 as Charlotte) (real world analogue: Charlotte, later Empress of Mexico - possible reason for the name change is to avoid confusion - her brothers are also mentioned in the chapter... real life analogues for them would be Leopold II and Phillippe (their third brother died in infancy)
Viktor confirms in Chap 77 that the two nations are still on good terms
Ghermany (real world analogue: Germany)
Iel (real world analogue: Palestine/Israel)
Kingdom fell 1800 years ago. Kvel is used more as an indication of the Jewish populace rather than a specific nation, both in terms of bloodline and social/religious heritage
Madri (real world analogue: Spain)
Nederland/Neterlanden (both spellings are used) (real world analogue: the Netherlands)
Orosz (manga)/Erosz (anime) (real world analogue: Russia)
Capital - Pietarigrad (real world analogue: St. Petersburg - while the capital of Russia is Moscow, St. Petersburg (at one point named Petrograd) is Russia's second largest city, is Russia's cultural capital, and is the port city referenced here) (and it's 1800 km from Wienner to Pietarigrad, and the railroad route they show IS accurate to travel from Vienna to St. Petersburg!)
Grand Hotel Orosz (real world analogue: Grand Hotel Europe (confirmed via pictures of the architecture compared to the manga; opened in 1875, and one of the three most luxurious hotels in St Petersburg)
Orosz University (real world analogue: Saint Petersburg State University, the oldest university in Russia)
Doctor Dmitri references an art museum while discussing Pietarigrad (real world analogue: the Russian Museum)
Grand Theater (real world analogue: Mariinsky Theatre, the preeminent music theatre of late 19th century Russia, and the site of the premieres of most of Russia's most famous ballets, operas, and other music)
Romano (real world analogue: Russia or POSSIBLY Poland, more on that in a second)
King: Alexander Alexandrovitch Romano (real world analogue: Czar Alexander II)
Crown Prince Ivan Alexandrovitch Romano
Prince Eugene Alexandrovitch Romano
Russian uses patronymic names, so your middle name is a derivative of your parent)
ALTERNATE real world analogue: Poland - since Austria and Russia do not share a border (and mention is made of inspecting mines on the border between their nations), it’s possible that instead Romano (while borrowing heavily from Russian inspiration for names) is actually Poland. (Rationale: what is modern-day Czechia was originally part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, which DOES share a border with Poland.) While Polish is traditionally written in Latin script, it *can* be written in Cyrllic.
I’m still nailing down whether the Romano flag is based on an actual nation flag.
Venezia/Veneto (both are used) (real world analogue: Venice)
Laguna Empire (real world analogue: TBD)
Kingdom of Kataro (possible real world analogue: Qatar)
Yapan (real world analogue: Japan)
Eastern Continent (real world analogue: Asia)
Western Continent (real world analogue: Europe)
GRANZREICH’S ECONOMY:
1 florin = 100 kreutzer (real world analogue: the florin and the kreutzer, ratio the same following Austria-Hungary's decimalization of the currency system in 1857)
A doll costs 55 kreutzer
The Royal Guard makes 30k kreutzer/year (300 florins/year, as per the anime and the manga)
The ransom for Maximilian and Heine was to be 1500 florins, or 150,000 kreutzer… meaning the ransom for Kai at 1 million florins was 100 million kreutzer -- Heine wasn't kidding when he says it's the annual budget for a small country in the 1880s, (In the manga, the ransom is set at 300,000 florins for the prince, and 1500 florins for Heine and Maximilian)
Licht, on the other hand, earns 120 florins working at the cafe... which strikes me as odd because he only works one shift a week (even if a shift is potentially 12 hours). Now, this might actually be him figuring he works full-time, which would make more sense. But this has to be a YEARLY income, there’s no way he makes this much in a month if a member of the Royal Guard makes 300 florins a year.
Rosenberg quotes a rent of 150 florins for a 2br flat... again, this has to be for a year, there’s no way this is monthly.
Economic crisis 30 years ago (real world analogue: the European financial crisis beginning in the 1850s)
Granzreich's main industries: porcelain and wine
Also agriculture, according to the author's notes at the end of Vol 2
1880s TECHNOLOGY:
COMMUNICATION: Cables/telegrams are now fast enough for a 24-48hr message even all the way across Europe -- and crossing the English channel by ferry takes 1.5-2hrs
LOCAL TRAVEL: Primarily carriages, horseback, and walking -- trains are for longer-distance travel
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL: You can get from London to Perm, Russia within SEVEN DAYS
TRAINS: The Orient Express (1883) went from Paris to Vienna in 15 hours overnight (not much different from now, actually!)
TELEPHONES: The telephone exchange does exist but the infrastructure is still VERY new and not heavily in use yet
POWER: Electricity is rapidly gaining ground for newer construction, but older buildings are still using gas, lamps, candles, etc.
1880′s EUROPEAN CULTURE:
Ballet, opera, operettas, plays, music
Social halls are still separated by 'class' (nobility vs commoner)
Popular dances in Europe at this point include the waltz (DUH, this is Vienna), the redowa, the mazurka, the polka (big shock with Germany next door), the cotillion, and the varsouvienne (another Polish dance)
Social etiquette at an event included the use of 'dance cards' (or fans!) - these were presented with a list of the songs/dances to be held over the course of the event, and if a gentleman wished to engage a lady for one, he wrote down his name (like making a reservation)
There is a TON of information out there about how one does (and does not) behave at a social event during that day and age, and safe bet that our dear princes have had it drilled into them from the time they were small. Some fun ones include:
WHY one wears gloves (because bare hands indicates holding hands, which is SHOCKINGLY intimate)
Not dancing with the same partner more than once (unless you're either engaged or about to be, because it puts you on intimate terms with your partner)
What is socially acceptable to eat at a party (the reason trifles and 'snacks' are served is so no one can embarrass themselves at table)
Games are occasionally combined with dancing (if you've seen AMADEUS, where during the masquerade they're playing Musical Chairs as they dance, and the loser has to pay a forfeit, you get the idea)
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aquaindybooking · 3 years ago
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3 Famous Tourist Attractions in Turkey
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Turkey has some of the most famous tourist attractions in Europe and Asia, and attracts traveler from all around the globe every year. If you are planning your next trip and your heart and mind are all over all the place demanding all different sorts of excitement then Turkey is a rare gem of a country you might be looking for. Several ancient civilizations have left their marks on this country in the form of imperial sites and awe-inspiring ruins. Turkey is embellished with breathtaking coastline, mesmerizing landscapes, Roman ruins, rich cultural legacy, and famous cuisine. Whether you want to lay back on a beach and enjoy the sun on your skin or absorb the scenery from heights by climbing a peak, Turkey has got you covered. With these many options available to choose from it might become difficult to decide which place to visit first. To help you make this decision easier, we have brought together a list of the 3 famous tourist attractions in Turkey you can pay a visit to on your next trip.
Istanbul
Straddling across Asia and Europe, this city is a beautiful combination of the East and the West. One of the world’s greatest metropolises, Istanbul was founded around 1000BC and has since been under the rule of different empires. Founded as the colony of Byzantium, it later became the capital of Constantinople and retained its gloriousplace after coming under Ottoman Empire. Signs of the historical empires can still be seen in this
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city in the form of sublime monuments. From this list of tourist attractions in Turkey, majority of the attraction areas is present in Istanbul, including the Hagia Sophia Mosque, Topkapı Palace, the Blue Mosque, and Grand Bazar. - The Hagia Sophia Mosque Built as a church in CE 536, the Hagia Sophia was changed into a mosque after the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople. Known as Aya Sofya in the local language, this majestic building was converted into a museum in the 20th century. In 2020 Hagia Sophia was once again converted to a mosque and is currently holding this status. - Topkapı Palace Built in the 15th century, this historical architecture showcases a dazzling display of Islamic art, with its courtyard embellished with hand-painted tiles, Harem Complex, Imperial Treasury, and an awe-creating collection of Prophet Muhammad’s relics. - The Blue Mosque Sultan Ahmet Cami, commonly known as Blue Mosque (due to its thousands of Iznik tiles), is considered a grand gift from Sultan Ahmet to its capital. Having 6 minarets, this beautiful piece of Ottoman Architecture was built from 1609 to 1616 and is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Turkey.  
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is on the top of every traveler’s tour list for all the right reasons. This city of fairytale beauty is famously known for its hot air balloon rides all over the world. Embellished with wonderful volcanic rocks carved by wind and water, this city has some mesmerizing Cappadocian villages, complex underground cities, and valleys to enjoy hiking and horse riding. - Fairy Chimneys Fairy Chimneys are one of the most famous tourist attractions in Turkey that you should not miss. When ash from volcanic eruptions solidified, the erosion process started and after millions of years was carved into magical pillars standing as tall as 130 feet. What might seem ordinary to the locals, these Fairy Chimneys are nothing but a wonder for the tourists. - Caves Cappadocia provides its tourist a very unique experience of living in a cave. The soft sandstone made it possible for the local residents to carve out their homes in it. You can live in a cave hotel while staying in this city and have once in a lifetime experience. - Uchisar Castle Uchisar Castle also called the Ugly Castle due to its crassly shaped plain exterior, is located in Uchisar village and is the highest point in the area. Unlike traditional castles of the UK, Uchisar Castle does not have any architectural heritage, antiquities, or art collection. Instead, it gives you a chance to admire the beauty of Cappadocia city from above.
Antalya
Located 435 miles south of Istanbul, the city of Antalya is well-known for its beautiful beaches and the Old Town. Due to its turquoise-colored beautiful waters, this Turkish Riviera is also aptly called Turquoise Coastline. But beaches aren’t the only highlight of this one of the most famous tourist attractions in Turkey. With increasing numbers of shopping malls, luxury hotels, and beach clubs, this city is developing at a rapid rate. - Beaches With the swimming season lasting from May to October, the beaches of Antalya work like a magnet for sea addicts. With clear, turquoise, glittering waters and sunny sky, these sandy beaches are breathtaking relaxation spots for tourists.
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- Roman Ruins With the remnants of Roman architectural glory scattered all over the city, Antalya is the second most visited travel destination of Turkey with about 14 million tourists coming to this city every summer. If you travel around the city you will get to see the amazing ancient sites like Perge, Termessos, and Aspendos. You can stay in the Ottoman houses of old district Kaleiçi, away from the bustling modern city, and enjoy walking in quiet, historic streets. - Kaleiçi District Once you enter Hadrian’s Gate you step into the old town of Turkey, known as “Kaleiçi” (inside the city’s walls), by the locals. Taking a stroll in the narrow streets of this amazing town gives you a chance to step into history in modern times. Built in the Hellenistic era, this Roman town changed into Byzantine, then Seljuk Turkish, and ultimately into an Ottoman town. This ancient town also houses some ancient relics and wonderful attractions like Yivli and Kesik Minarets.
Conclusion
The most famous tourist attractions in Turkey can hardly be adjusted in one list. This is how diverse experiences this country has to offer to its guests. One thing is for sure if you decide to take a trip to Turkey you will be anything but disappointed. Read the full article
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lamoille-house · 4 years ago
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Iceland in December: Things to Know Before Your Visit
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Are you planning to visit Iceland in December month? If you want to enjoy the landscape of Iceland, then December will be the ideal month. During that time, the country gets adorned with snow. But not only the scenic beauty, but the month is also famous for awaking the festive spirit of the country. Christmas, New Eve’s festivals are some festivals that tempted people from different spheres of the globe to come here. A few famous places are there that you should definitely visit at least once. To enjoy your trip more thrilling and amusing, you can perform here Ice caving, Northern Lights hunting, and many more activities.
Reasons for Visiting Iceland in December:
The country has unpredictable weather. One can face rain, snow in a single day.
During this entire month, the sunlight remains almost four to five hours. This weather is perfect for photography. Capture the moments and create memories.
Fields of black lava covered full of snow, waterfalls in icy armour, blue ice caves, and the rugged and raw nature are some examples of the magical landscapes of the country that can allure your mind.
Things to do in Iceland during the December month
Horse Riding
Want to get in touch with nature while staying in the hotels or anywhere in the country? Horse riding is a way that can help you to keep in touch with nature. Now, you can tour the popular tourist spots by riding horses. Just get on an Icelandic horse and tour various spots. The time duration of your tour can be from one hour to nine-hour.
Shopping
Reykjavik has a feeling of rural and urban culture that makes it the best shopping hub of this country. There are plenty of different boutique stores in Laugavegur, and the oldest handicraft shop is Thorvaldsens Bazar. Handknitting Association of Iceland, Nordic Store are the best places for visitors who are looking for shopping hubs.
Enjoy the snowmobile riding.
Snowmobiling on the glaciers is one of those things to do in Iceland that can definitely create a memorable moment for you. Tourists can spend almost an hour only by speeding on the ice. This activity allows visitors to enjoy a sightseeing adventure. Besides, you can enjoy Skiing here during December. The duration of the package depends on the local-tour you book.
Sooth your mind by attending Iceland music at Hapra
Attend the dazzling concert hall at Hapra if you are eager to listen to mind soothing music or want to make your mind refresh. Classic songs played by famous artists and bands can make your winter trip more splendid. The place is located at Austurbakki 2, 101 Reykjavík.
Enjoy the northern lights from the hotel Rangá
If you are looking for an experienced hotel in this country, then Hotel Ranga is the one that you should definitely select. This hotel permits the guests to have a comfy stay and to enjoy fine dining by the riverside. You can witness the enchanting scenery of the northern skylight also. The hotel also allows users to enjoy plenty of adventures. The location of the Hotel Ranga is Suðurlandsvegur, 851 Hella, Iceland.
Explore Ice Caves
One of the best things you can do once coming here is to explore the alluring beauty of ice caves. If you are willing to enjoy the mesmerizing beauty of Ice Caves of this nation, don’t miss a chance to make a trip to Jökulsárlón, Skaftafell Nature Reserve, Vatnajökull.
Lava Caving
If you want to visit lava caves, then any time of the year will be perfect. But we will recommend you to tour here during the winter month. During that time, the ice sculpture that will be formed can make your adventure thrilling.
The most exoteric caves that you can visit throughout the year are Leiðarendi located on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Víðgelmir situated in the Hallmundarhraun lava field, and Raufarhólshellir, located near Hveragerði.
If you want to enjoy a thrilling adventure, then you must visit Leiðarendi. The trip to this place can be a challenging one. You will find no lights or walkway inside here. You need to crawl and clamber inside the cave. Even the entrance portion sometimes remains blocked by the snow during the winter. If you are uncomfortable with tight spaces, we will recommend you to avoid Leiðarendi. In that case, you may trip to Víðgelmir or Raufarhólshellir. You will find the entrances of both of these places wide.
Places to Visit in Iceland in December
Gullfoss waterfall
In Southwest Iceland, you will find this waterfall. The splendid view of the golden water against the mountains will just soothe your mind. Having hot soups at the cafes in this area can make your journey a magical one. You can enjoy the spellbound view of this place at any time of the day. This breathtaking place remains open for 24 hours. The waterfall is located near the White River in Blaskogabyggd 801.
Grillmarkadurinn
It is one of the best places for food lovers. You can get here multiple choices for eating and drinking. Grilled meats, fishes, and vegetables, some sizzling cocktails are such foods that are exact for lifting your mood up. Here, you can experience the nightlife in the city. The opening and closing time here is 11:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. and 5:30 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. from Monday to Friday. And on the weekends, (Saturday and Sunday), the Grillmarkadurinn remains open from 5:30 p.m. to 11:30 p.m.
South coast
Want to travel to all the mind grabbing places in Iceland? Then, take the route of the Golden Circle and reach the South Coast. While going through this route, you will be able to enjoy the enchanting view of a few famous landmarks of Iceland. For example, the way covers Thingvellir National Park, the geysers, Gullfoss Waterfall, and many other places.
The icebergs of Jökulsárlón
It is not a joke to drive a dip in the pool in the winter season. However, local people can easily take a dip bath in this snow-covered nation. During these days, visitors can enjoy the view of the Golden Circle, the South Coast, Jökulsárlón, the Snæfellsnes Peninsula. The package also gives you a chance to explore Reykjavík throughout a free day. Or you can travel to Akureyri and therefore enjoy the sites around Lake Mývatn.
Festivals and Events in Iceland during December
Ingólfstorg Ice-Skating Rink: December 1 / Reykjavik — 
To spend holidays with families, friends, couples, and to have fun, you should definitely attend this event. NOVA mobile company used to arrange this event next to the Christmas Market at Ingólfstorg. Just take your skates and go to the “Christmas Ice Skating plaza” that is right in the centre of Reykjavik. It is a perfect start to kick off December.
Yule Lads Bath:( December 7 at Mývatn) —
When you visit here, you can be a witness of 13 Yule Lads. You can have fun with Yule Lads by attending their annual bath. People of all ages can spend a memorable moment with these merry men.
Imagine Peace Tower Lighting: (December 21 at the Viðey Island )—
Yoko Ono created the Imagine Peace Tower, an outdoor art display dedicated to John Lennon. Yoko used to travel the Icelandic island of Videy every year for lighting the art installation on the birthday of the late musician. People celebrate this event on December 21.
Christmas: (December 24-25 ) —
During this event, people usually greet “Gleðileg jól!” each other. This festival usually begins on the fourth Sunday before the Christmas Eve festival. At this time, one can see many Christmas trees across the country. Tourists can visit the Christmas markets, festive museums, tours, and restaurants across the country.
New Year’s Eve: (December 31 throughout Iceland)
In this event, you can experience lightened streets in Reykjavík. Bb322. Most of the people celebrate it on December 31. You can experience booming fireworks displays and party throughout the night. During the winter season in this country, the temperature remains between -1° and 4°C (34°F and 39°F). You can enjoy the snowfall in December when you visit the country and stay here for a few days. The climate of the capital of this nation is warmer than the other parts of the country. The country remains covered with snow between January and April.
Things you need to know before visiting Iceland in December
Iceland’s Weather in December
When you visit here, you may experience snow, sleet, or rain all on the same day. However, this month is not the coldest one as January is occupying the leading position. But the temperature of the place still varies between -1° and 4°C (34°F and 39°F).
During the whole month, you can’t get sunlight for more than a few hours per day. And it will continue until the winter solstice on December 22. It is known as the shortest day of the year. In this time, the time duration of the daylight is only four hours from 12 p.m. – 4 p.m. Visitors should not miss the marvellous sky views of Iceland during the winter season, as the Northern Lights fill the sky by creating an enchanting ambience.
Driving in Iceland
Do you have any plans to enjoy the landscape of the country travelling by car? If you have any, then you can rent a four-wheeler car for your trip. This car journey will be perfect for visiting the mesmerizing places of the capital and the rest part of the country. However, if you want, you can book a guided winter package. It will cover most of the cities of this nation. Those who want to drive car themselves can select self-drive winter packages.
But in this case, the vital thing is that you have to know each route of the country properly. However, Self-driving is never be recommended for any tourists. Locals used to drive in those areas, and therefore they can give you much better knowledge regarding the routes than you have.
Spend Romantic moments in Iceland
This month is very famous for romantic getaways. The nation has the festive spirit, a sprinkling of snow, Northern Lights, and a wide variety of tours that are enough to make it an amorous winter wonderland. Iceland is a lovely nation for couples who want to spend romantic moments.
Outfits to Carry While Travelling Iceland in December Month
December is the exact time to make a trip to this nation. That’s why you need to pack warm clothes in your bag to keep yourself warm during this shivering weather. What you need to do is layering up yourself properly with warm clothing and enjoy the snowy weather. You should carry Waterproof gloves, a hat, and a scarf in your bag. Don’t forget to pack thick sweaters that are made with wool or fleece. As well as, make sure that you have packed thermal undergarments, Waterproof and windproof parka, and warm clothes, Swimsuit, Polarized sunglasses, besides, you also require sturdy hiking boots.
Tours in Iceland during December
Ice Caving Tour to the Crystal Ice Cave
Do you want to experiment with an ice cave adventure? Then, enjoy the view of the ice floes at Jokulsarlon Glacier Lagoon first. This tour starts from the exoteric place icy lagoon. Vatnajökull Glacier is the largest glacier in Europe. Explore the beauty and breathtaking views of the giant crystal cave.
Magical Auroras of Northern Lights Tour
While visiting this tour, you will find the nights shining brightly with the Northern Lights. During December month, the night becomes longer. Watch the green solar show sitting under the night sky and enjoy the pleasant weather.
Apart from this, what you can do is to join any tour groups to travel to the Southern Peninsula.
3-Day your of Jokulsarlon, Golden Circle and Ice Caving place
When it comes to tour, the stunning South Coast of Iceland allows the tourists to witness the alluring views of this nation. It is a three-day road trip. During this trip, you are willing to be the witness the imposing landscape of Þingvellir National Park, Gullfoss Waterfall, and the Geysir Geothermal Area.
You can visit the icy landscapes of the Skaftafell Wilderness Area, explore deep blue ice caves, and many more places.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Q. How many hours of daylight remain in Iceland during the December month?
During this time, the day time becomes shorter. As the latitude of this nation is high, there prevails less light and short days during the winter season. You can get light for a maximum of 5 hours during the wintertime. You can enjoy the view of the sun rising around 11 a.m. Whereas the sun sets between 3 and 4 p.m.
Q. How many days will it require to enjoy a complete trip to Iceland?
A full drive will take almost one day. If you want to cover the main places in this country, it will take 7-8 days. To explore all the tourist spots in Iceland and Reykjavik, we will recommend you not to plan for a short trip that will take less than 7-8 days.
Q. Can I watch the Northern lights in Iceland during winter?
Northern lights can be seen only the sky gets dark. Therefore, in December month, you can see the lights from 3 p.m. afternoon to 9 a.m. morning.
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margdarsanme · 4 years ago
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NCERT Class 12 History Chapter 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers Perceptions of Society
NCERT Class 12 History Solutions
Chapter 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers Perceptions of Society
NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q l. Write a note on the Kitab-ul-Hind.
Ans. Kitab-ul-Hind was written by Al-Biruni in 1031. It was considered with India and also known by the name of Tarikh-ul-Hind and Tahqiq-ma-ul-Hind. It was written in Arabic. It is divided into 80 Chapters. They have thrown a detailed light on Hindu religions and philosphy, festivals, customs and tradition, the social and economic as well as political life of the people. In each chapter he adopted a distinctive style and had a question in the beginning. It was followed by a description based on Sanskrit tradition, At last he compare the India culture with other culture. This geometric structure he followed is known for its precision and predictability. The main reason for this structure was Al-Biruni’s mathematical orientation. Q 2. Compare and contrast the perspectives from which Ibn Battuta and Bernier wrote their accounts of their travels in India.
Ans. Both have written them accounts in their different prospectives. While Ibn Battuta describe everything that impressed and excited him because of his novelty, Bernier had followed a different intellectual tradition. He wrote whatever he saw in India. Bernier wanted to pin point the weakness of the Indian society and considered the Mughal India Inferior to European society. In his description Ibn Battuta recorded his observation about new culture, people, believes and values. Q 3. Discuss the picture of urban centres that emerges from Bernier’s accout.
Ans. During the 17th century nearly 15% of population was living in town. This was average proportion of urban population of western Europe. Bernier described Mughal towns as court towns. By it he meant those towns which depended upon the imperial court for their existence and survival. These towns came into existence with the imperial court and declined with the impanel court when they moved to other places. In his travel accounts, Bernier described many big towns and cities such as Delhi, Mathura, Kashmir, Surat, Masulipatnam and Golconda. These gained importance as manufacturing centres, trading towns, and sacred towns. The merchant communities had deep influence in these cities. They remained organised due to their own caste and occupational bodies. These trading groups were known as Mahajans in western India. Their head was called Sheth. In Ahmedabad, the chief of Merchant community was known as nagarsheth. Besides the trading groups, musicians, architects, painters, lawyers, calligraphies, etc. lived in towns. Q 4. Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn Battuta.
Ans. Battuta has given a detailed description on the practice of slavery prevalent in India. Delhi Sultan-Muhammad bin Tughlaq had a large number of slaves. Most of these slaves were forcibly captured during the aggressions. Many people sold their children as a slave, because of acute poverty. Slaves were also offered as a gift during this time. Battuta when visited him, also brought many horses, camels and slaves for the Sultan to present him. Sultan Muhammad bin Tuglaq, himself had presented two hundred slaves to Nasiruddin a religious preacher.
Nobels are used to keep slave those days. Through these slaves, the Sultan used to get information about the activities of the noble and all other important events of the empire. The woman slaves served as servants in the house of the rich (nobles). These women informed the Sultan about the activities of their masters (i.e., nobles). Most of the slaves used to do domestic works and there was a lot of difference between the status of these slaves and the court slaves. Q 5. What were the elements of the practice of sati that drew the attention of Bernier?
Ans. The practice of sati according to Bernier showed the difference in the treatment of women in western and eastern society. He noticed how a child widow were forcefully burnt screaming on the funeral pyre while many of the older women were resigned their fate. The following elements drew his attention. (i) Under this cruel practices an alive widow was forcibly made to sit on the pyre of her husband. (ii) People had no sympathy for her. (iii) The widow was an unwilling victim of the sati-practice. She was forced to be a Sati. Q 6. Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.
Ans. Al-Biruni’s description about caste system as he understood. Al-Biruni tried to explain the caste system by looking far parallels in other societies. He described that in ancient Persia, four social categories were recognised. (i) knight and princes. (ii) monks (iii) fire-priests and lawyers; physicians, astronomers, other scientists; (iv) Finally, peasants and artisans. He attempted to suggest that social divisions were not unique to India.
His description of the caste system in India was deeply influenced by his study of Sanskrit texts. According to these texts, the highest castes were the Brahmins as they were created from the head of the Brahmins.
The Kshatriyas were the next caste created from the shoulders and hands of the Brahmin. The Vaishyas and Shudras were created from the thighs and feet of the Brahmin respectively. Thus, he sought to understand the Indian caste system by looking for parallels in other societies. Nothing that ancient Persian society was divided into four categories he realized that social division was not unique to India.
But despite accepting the caste system he was against the notion of pollution. He believed that according to the laws of nature anything which becomes impure ultimately becomes pure again, e.g. the sun clears the air. The concept of social pollution is the bedrock of the caste system. Thus, the caste system was according to him contrary to the laws of nature. He failed to realize that the caste system was not as rigid as portrayed in the Sanskrit texts. Q 7. Do you think Ibn Battuta’s account is useful in arriving at an understanding of life in contemporary urban centres? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans. Battuta’s observation about the cities of India.
(i) According to him, Indian cities had many exciting opportunities and are useful for those who had the necessary drive, skill and resources.
(ii) The Indian cities were prosperous and densely populated.
(iii) These cities had colourful market trading in different kinds of goods.
(iv) Delhi was the largest city of India and had a lot of population. Daultabad was an another important city of India which challenged Delhi in size.
(v) The cities were not only the centre of economic transactions but also the centres of ! social and cultural activities.
(vii) Most of the bazars in the cities had temple and mosques.
(viii) Cities also had fixed places for public performances by dancer, musicians and singer. He found that many towns derived their wealth and prosperity through the appropriation of surplus from villages.
(ix) Indian goods were in great demand in west Asia and South-east Asia. So the artisans and merchants earned huge profit. Q 8. Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s accounts enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.
Ans. Bernier’s assessment about Indian rural society was not correct. It was far away from the truth, but it is not acceptable. There are some truth in his description which are evident from the following facts.
(i) According to his account, mughal empire was the owner of the land and distributed among its nobles. It had a disastrous impact on the society.
(ii) According to him the system of crown of ownership of land was good. It was because, the land holders could not pass on their land to their children. They did not make any long term investment on the land.
(iii) As there was no private property in land, there was not any improvement in the landlord class. This system ruin agriculture and led to opinion of peasants. Bernier’s view regarding Indian society had the following features: (a) The rich people Were in minority. (b) It had the poorest of the poor and the richest of the rich, no middle class existed there. (c) All the cities and towns were reined and had contaminated air. Q 9. Read this excerpt from Bernier:
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List the crafts mentioned in the passage. Compare these with the descriptions of artisanal activity in the chapter.
Ans. :
I. Names of the crafts mentioned in this passage. In this passage the crafts such as making of muskets and following pieces and making beautiful gold ornaments are mentioned. These products were beautifully made. Bernier was amazed to see these products.
II. Comparison of crafts referred in the passage with the description of artisanal activity in the chapter. (i) In the chapter boat manufacturing and terracottan sculpture and temple architecture has been mentioned. (ii) Art of painting has been referred. (iii) Art of carpet manufacturing has been referred. (iv) Art of dance, music and calligraphy have been referred in the chapter. (v) Description about Rajal Khamos have also been mentioned. Q 10. On an outline map of the world, mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he might have crossed?
Ans. :
Countries visited by Ibn Battuta: (i) Morocco (ii) Mecca (iii) Syria (iv) Iraq (v) Persia (vi) Yamen (vii) Oman (viii) China (ix) India (x) Maldives (xi) Sri Lanka (xii) Sumatra (Indonesia)
Name of Seas: (i) North Atlantic Ocean (ii) South Atlantic Ocean (iii) Indian Ocean (iv) Red Sea (v) Arabian Sea (vi) Bay of Bengal (vii) South China Sea (viii) East China Sea.
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clairikine · 3 months ago
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Art Horse Comics Bazar!! Let’s do this!! I’m here until 21:00 today!! It’s a beautiful day!! I’ve got zines and postcards and stickers!! Come say hi!!
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spanishskulduggery · 7 years ago
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Spanish Vocabulary - La historia y el museo
la arqueología = archaeology
la historia = history la historia = (long) story el cuento = (short) story
la leyenda = legend
el mito = myth
la mitología = mythology
el folclore = folklore
la costumbre = custom, tradition
la tradición = tradition
el pueblo = a people [in some cases it means “population” or “a town”]
la tribu = tribe
la civilización = civilization
la sociedad = society
la gente = people
el siglo = century el siglo XV [quince] = the 15th century
el milenio = millennium los milenios = millennia 
la era = era / age
la edad = age
el año = year
la década = decade
la cronología = chronology
el sitio = site / place
el reino = kingdom
el imperio = empire
el templo = temple
la ciudadela = citadel
el palacio = palace
la iglesia = church
el foro = forum
la biblioteca = library
el gimnasio = gymnasium / gym
el hospital = hospital
la universidad = university
el coliseo = colosseum
el estadio = stadium
la fragua = forge
la cantera = quarry
la cantería = stoneworking
la albañilería = masonry [related to el albañil which is is “bricklayer” or “construction worker”] la mampostería = masonry [related to el mampuesto which is more like “rough brick” used for stone walls and parapets etc]
la granja = farm la finca = farm [in the context of “farm” it’s something closer to “estate” or “plantation”... normally la finca is related to “real estate”]
la armería = armory
el arsenal = arsenal / storehouse
el almacén = warehouse [in modern context this would be “department store”, but it used to refer to storehouses and warehouses since almacenar means “to stockpile”]
el campo = countryside
la villa = villa / country estate [sometimes meaning “villa” as in a vacation home]
la panadería = bakery
el mercado = market
el bazar = bazaar
la tienda = shop [or in some cases “tent”]
la carnicería = butcher shop
el boticario = apothecary [today la botica or la farmacia for “pharmacy” are more common]
la sastrería = tailor’s shop
la herrería = blacksmith’s / foundry [specially related to iron and steel since it’s el hierro; la platería is “silversmith” etc]
la fábrica = factory
el astillero = shipyard
el taller = workshop
la presa = reservoir / dam
el tesoro = treasure / treasury
el banco = bank
la banca = banking
la tesorería = treasury el erario = public funds [sometimes called la Hacienda Pública] la Hacienda = treasury [more common today; this is like the ministry of finance or something like that]
el acueducto = aqueduct
la columna = column
la muralla = city wall / large defensive wall
la arena = arena / sand
el hipódromo = hippodrome / racetrack (for horses)
la piedra = stone
el metal = metal
el hierro = iron (Fe)
el estaño = tin (Sn) la hojalata = tin-plated
el cobre = copper (Cu)
el plomo = lead (Pb)
el mineral = mineral / ore el mineral de cobre = copper ore el mineral de hierro = iron ore
el carbón = coal
la aleación = alloy
el bronce = bronze
el latón = brass
el acero = steel
el vidrio = glass
el barro = clay
el oro = gold (Au)
la plata = silver (Ag)
la cerámica = pottery / ceramics
la Edad de Hielo / La Edad del Hielo = the Ice Age
la Edad de Piedra = the Stone Age
la Edad de Bronce / La Edad del Bronce = the Bronze Age
la Edad Dorada = Golden Age [antiquity; not to be confused with el Siglo de Oro]
el artefacto = artifact
la herramienta = tool
la riqueza = wealth las riquezas = riches
la pobreza = poverty
la guerra = war
la paz = peace
el ejército = army
la marina = navy / marina la armada = armada la flota = fleet (of ships)
la contabilidad = accounting
la agricultura = agriculture
el negocio = business
la ley = law
la corte = court
el arte = art las artes = the arts las bellas artes = the fine arts
la música = music
la ciencia = science
las matemáticas = mathematics
la astronomía = astronomy
el comercio = commerce / trade
la religión = religion
la filosofía = philosophy
la escritura = writing
el abecedario = alphabet
la cultura = culture
el arqueólogo = archaeologist (m) la arqueóloga = archaeologist (f)
el conservador = curator (m) [sometimes curador] la conservadora = curator (f) [sometimes curadora]
la exhibición = exhibit, display
la exposición = exhibit, display / exposition, exposé
el museo = museum
la estatua = statue
la figura de cera = wax figure
el retrato = portrait
la pirámide = pyramid
la tumba = tomb la sepultura = grave / tomb [more formal]
el ataúd = coffin
el sarcófago = sarcophagus
la momia = mummy
el dinosaurio = dinosaur
el esqueleto = skeleton
el remanente = remnant
los restos = remains
la cestería = basketweaving el cesto = basket
la artesanía = handcrafting, craftsmanship / craftwork, something made by an artisan
el artesano = artisan (m) la artesana = artisan (f)
la joyería = jewelry
la metalurgia = metallurgy
la exploración = exploration
la colonización = colonization
la conquista = conquest
la etapa = phase / age / period of time
el desarrollo = development
el apogeo = apogee / zenith / highest point
la caída = fall
el dios = god la diosa = goddess los dioses = gods las diosas = goddesses Dios = God
antiguo/a = ancient / former la Antigua Grecia = Ancient Greece la Antigua Roma = Ancient Rome el Antiguo Egipto = Ancient Egypt
la dinastía = dynasty
el legado = legacy
el gobierno = government
excavar = to dig / to excavate
descubrir = to discover / to uncover
aprender = to learn
investigar = to investigate
observar = to observe
enseñar = to teach / to show, to point out
inferir = to infer
suponer = to suppose
sugerir = to suggest
estar de acuerdo (con) = to be in agreement (with) / to agree (with)
debatir = to debate
construir = to build
destruir = to destroy
conquistar = to conquer
defender = to defend
vencer = to defeat
perder = to lose
emerger = to emerge
surgir = to arise / to come about / to spring up / to surge
llegar a ser = to come to be
enterrar = to bury
desterrar = to banish
prohibir = to forbid, to prohibit
permitir = to allow, to permit
castigar = to punish
sacrificar = to sacrifice
rezar = to pray
gobernar = to govern
reinar = to rule, to reign
celebrar = to celebrate
explorar = to explore
explotar = to exploit, to take advantage of / to explode, to blow up
aprovecharse de = to take advantage of
vender = to sell
comprar = to buy
forjar = to forge, to craft
hacer = to do / to make
crear = to create
yacer = to lie [said of places; as in “it lies upon the river”], to be located
vivir = to live
morir = to die
extinguirse = to die out / to go extinct
establecer(se) = to settle (down)
desaparecer = to disappear
estudiar = to study
leer = to read
encontrar = to find
buscar = to look for
el recurso = resource
la fuente = source (of information) / fountain, spring
la teoría = theory
la hipótesis = hypothesis
el análisis = analysis
la conclusión = conclusion
la investigación = investigation
la observación = observation
la prueba = proof
la evidencia = evidence
el método = method
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justwravel-blog · 5 years ago
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You Can't Miss These Wonderful Festivals And Fairs In Himachal Blessed with nature’s bounty, Himachal Pradesh is a paradise for every type of traveller. From majestic waterfalls to lush meadows, adventure avenues to relaxing retreats; the scintillating  beauty of Himachal is difficult to describe. But, if you are eagerly looking for new experiences while travelling then there is a lot more than just scenic beauty. Known as devbhoomi, Himachal Pradesh is also the land of interesting festivals and fairs. These communal gatherings serve the purpose of societal unity and coexistence. Some are celebrated to praise the local deity (devi-devta), a few for educational purpose and some for the society to bring peace and harmony. Around 200 deities are worshipped in Himachal and numerous festivals are celebrated for blessings, prosperity and honour. But what’s there in for travellers? Well, these local fairs and interesting festivals gives a close insight into the real Himachali culture, rich heritage and never-seen before traditions. The spirit of Himachal Pradesh lies in their local celebrations. Here are 8 bucket-list worthy festivals hosted in Himachal Pradesh that are not to be missed. Let us go through them!
Doongri Mela
When: May, Where: Hadimba Devi Temple (Manali)
Doongri Fair, also known as Hadimba Devi Fair, is celebrated in Doongri Village near popular hill retreat - Manali. This local Himachal festival is held at Hadimba Temple to celebrate the arrival of spring season. The entire Kullu Valley gets decked up with vibrant blooming flowers, lush greenery and thus comes to life after a harsh winter season. Hadimba Devi (wife of Bhima from the epic Mahabharata) is highly revered by the natives of Kullu and celebrates the Doongri Fair with utmost joy, showcasing musical and dance performances on enthralling beats of local instruments.
Phulech
When: September, Where: Kalpa ( Kinnaur)
Celebrated in the high end region of Himachal Pradesh - Kinnaur, Phulech or Fullaich is also known as the festival of flowers. This marks the end of monsoon and onset of autumn season. The locals of Kinnaur region proceed towards hillsides to collect flowers. These flowers are then offered to the local deity of village and afterwards distributed amongst people as a blessing followed by Kinnauri Nati dance, singing and feasting.
Lavi Mela
When: October or November, Where: Rampur Bushahr (Shimla)
Lavi Fair is said to be three hundred years old fair and celebrated every year for three continuous days. This beautiful local fair held in Rampur region of Himachal Pradesh attracts not only the travellers but also locals from Tibet and Kinnaur to perform business. In old times, Rampur was once a major center on the old trade routes to Kinnaur, Ladakh and Tibet. Lavi fair acts as a great market for a variety of goods such as Pashminas, dry fruits, colts, woolen clothes, yaks, mules, horses, chilgoza, traditional garments -pattis, etc. Therefore for shopping lovers, to purchase local souvenirs, this fair is the best place.
Dussehra
When: September or October, Where: Kullu
One of the biggest festivals held in Himachal Pradesh, Dussehra celebrations in Kullu is widely popular. Unlike in other parts of India, no effigies of the demon king Ravana are brought to ashes in Kullu during Dussehra festivities. Instead of following the norm, two hundred deities come to Kullu Valley to pay homage to Lord Raghunath. Beautifully decorated chariots or palkis of village Gods and Goddesses are carried out across the town. This seven days long festival is celebrated by dancing, singing and cultural events like International Folk Festival. Don’t miss out the special folk dance performance by Gaddi shepherds.
Losar
When: February, Where: All monasteries in Himachal
In entire tribal belt of Himachal and Tibetan colonies (located at Manali, Dharamsala, Solan, Baijnath and Shimla), Losar is a beautiful way of welcoming New Year, also known as Tibetan New Year. All the monasteries positioned in Himachal worships the holy deity of their respective shrines for peace, good fortune and joy in the upcoming year. Situated in Mandi, the Buddhist monastery in Rewalsar dedicated to Lord Padmasambhava, is one of the best place to enjoy the Losar festival celebrations. The festival includes chanting, prayers, Chham dance, folk music and drama. The major attraction of this Losar festival is the colourful mask dance performed by the Buddhist Lamas.
Shivratri Fair
When: February or March, Where: Mandi
Lord Shiva is the chief God of Himachal Pradesh and thus his favourite festival is celebrated in a grand style. A beautiful Shivratri Fair is organized every year at Mandi (also known as Choti Kashi). Entire Mandi town is decorated with lights and thousands of people from different-different regions, valleys, villages, etc dressed in their traditional attire take part in the fair. Beautifully decorated chariots or palkis of local deities from all parts of Mandi district come to pay homage to Lord Shiva at Baba Bhutnath Temple. A weeklong fair is held at Paddal ground and Seri Manch.
Halda
When: December or January, Where: Lahaul
One of the famous festivals in Himachal Pradesh is the Halda Festival, celebrated mainly by the natives of Chandra and Bhaga valleys. In this festival, a traditional ceremony is held in which people pay tribute to the Goddess of wealth - Shashikar Apa, and seek her blessings. As a part of the age-old ritual, two or three persons from every household carry burning cedar sticks in their hands and throw the lit sticks into the bonfire. This bonfire is the symbol of harmony in the local community. The actual date of the festival is always decided by the Lama.
Kangra Summer Festival
When: May, Where: Dharamsala and Bir
Destinations like Dharamsala and Bir in Kangra valley are just perfect to enjoy the summer season. It’s not just the weather but also variety of fairs and festivals hosted in Kangra district that will make your trip a delightful one. A variety of programmes are organized by Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts. Being second highest paragliding capital in the world, Bir hosts numerous hangliding and paragliding activities. Exhibitions are held at Gandhi Shilp Bazar, showcasing various types of tea found in Kangra Valley.
Planning to travel to Himachal in coming months? Then plan your trip during the above mentioned local fairs and festivals held in devbhoomi Himachal.
Contributed By: Sahil Singh
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flyontrip-blog · 6 years ago
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Amazing Places to Discover in South Mumbai
The city of dreams “Mumbai” never sleeps. Perfectly matches when it comes to delightfulness of South Mumbai (SOBO).If, you are wandertonic about History and culture then Khotachiwadi Village is the perfect place for you
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Painted with the Portuguese culture on busy and loud streets of South Mumbai but the fresh and quieter air of Khotachiwadi Village is often taken into consideration by tourists as it is an important photography destination in Mumbai. One can majestically wander here and this is the place where you can explore a series of old and colorful Portuguese-style which still gives a glance of the olden Portuguese era. Holy chapels, by lanes, red-tiled roofs, pretty open facades, verandas and arched doorways add slenderness to the city. Avail the beauty of this city while wandering at the Queens Necklace on Marine Drive.
Are you a Cricket fan? Wankhade Stadium is the best place you can take a look on!
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Make sure you take away all the sporty memories from Wankhade Stadium. All you need to do is if lucky grab a ticket and view the spirit of sportsmanship virtually.
Famous for its rock cut and stone culture, Elephanta Caves provide a culturist, historical base for lord Shiva’s Yogeshwara and Chalukyan’s Gupta Art.  
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Located in the southern part of Mumbai in Victoria garden, Elephanta caves are famous for its cultural heritage. Built in the 3rd century compromising 7 caves altogether, Elephanta caves serve as a delighted meal for history seekers and travel bloggers. One can get purified yogic vibes here and also can discover a lot about Hindu mythology.
Shopaholic? Crawford Market (Chor Bazaar) is the best deal you can get. Get things at cheapest rate in this splendid market
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Purchase things at a great deal and avail amazing discount at Mumbai’s most visited market Chor Bazar.
One more street to discover for shopaholics-Colaba Causeway.
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Amaze your evening with junk jewellery, scarves, stoles, kurtis, t shirts, lowers and a lot more all you need is bargaining skills as this is a one stop solution for Shopper’s Paradise.
Experience the amazing underwater world at Taraporewala Aquarium. Initiating from the 500 year old fisheries to unique underwater hidden antiques. Taraporewala Aquarium is your oceanic stress reliever and a calm mind soothing place to lower down the lethargicness of your South Mumbai (SOBO) visit.
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Having sea life like shark, octopus, kite fish, corals, worms, sea flower, sea horses, pearls and shells. Articles crafted from shells and pearls are displayed here with tags and virtual aids giving more information on the same. One can have good relaxing time here and chill in the beauty of nearby Marine Drive too.
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Foodie? Yazdani Bakery is the solution for you your cravings .Just purchase a getaway or enjoy your meal here and gather many foodoctic memories with you….
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Have your “ME” time travelling this classic bakery, enjoying the aroma of parsi chai and a lot more to eat. One can satisfy hunger at an affordable rate and soak the best out from the same.
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hirknh6-blog · 5 years ago
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What to look forward to – On your trip to Kolkata
Kolkata resonates warmth – both through its climate and its hospitality. Home to mostly Bengalis, the old British capital is lovingly called the ‘City of Joy’; and undeniably, it brings joy to anyone who enjoys culture, art, heritage, food and sweets!
Whether you’re in the city for meeting–incentive–conference–exhibition (MICE), to attend a wedding or simply to soak in the local vibes as a traveller, Kolkata will never disappoint you. Brimming with excitement, the locals will show you the way to roam around and revel in the city, but a handy guide can make your day trips in Kolkata a lot more organised. Here are a few activities you can count on, to make your stay eventful in the ‘City of Joy’.
Try starting your day with an elaborate breakfast spread at Flurys, street Chinese food at Tirreti Bazar or with lip-smacking Bengali breakfast delicacies at the multicuisine restaurant inside Holiday Inn Resort Kolkata NH6. Recognised for the variety of available cuisines and street food options, Kolkata is a place where food isn’t just meant for sustenance. You’ll get food options starting from South-Indian Dosas, North-Indian Choley Bhature and Rolls to Japanese Sushi and Italian Lasagna at the drop of a hat in the city, which makes it a food lover’s paradise.
If you intend to get awed by the heritage, you can try visiting The Victoria Memorial, Writer’s Building, St. Paul's Cathedral, Metcalfe Hall, Fort William, Raj Bhavan, Magen David Synagogue, Armenian Church and Metropolitan Building – which are a few locations worth mentioning from a long list of such historical treasures scattered around the city. Try not to miss the long leisurely tram rides if you get too tired along the way, and those can offer you a taste of the old British capital. You can even hop on a horse-drawn carriage for an exclusive sight-seeing experience near the Victoria Memorial. If an ardent photography enthusiast, you can look for photo opportunities at Princep Ghat and Howrah Bridge, Mullik Ghat Flower Market or at the traditional potter’s den Kumortuli, as well. Since all of the locations can’t be covered in a single day, try putting up at a place near the city so you can continue exploring Kolkata the next day too. Holiday Inn Resort Kolkata NH6 offers you the unique opportunity for a relaxing stay near the city, but away from the hustle and bustle of it. Besides being India’s first flagship Holiday Inn Resort, it is also at a stone’s throw from the city – strategically located off the National Highway 6, at around an hour’s drive from the City Centre and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport. Featuring swimming pool, blooming gardens, man-made lake, landscaped lawns and more, the resort can be your comforting abode amidst nature during your Kolkata trip, and can rejuvenate you for the eventful touristy days around the city.
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wearepressplay · 7 years ago
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Cabaret Vert 2017!
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On a donc assisté à notre second Cabaret Vert consécutif. Avec un plaisir non-dissimulé tant l'évènement à de qualités à faire valoir.
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Disons-le de suite, l'édition 2017 du grand-barouf ardennais est un franc-succès. Il y avait pourtant un beau défi à relever après une édition 2016 encensée par la critique. De l'aveux des organisateurs en conférence de presse, le festival qui boucle cette année sa treizième édition est désormais arrivé à maturité et, en reconduisant la formule de l'année précédente avec le même résultat à l'arrivée, pérennise une formule gagnante. Point de coup de chance dans tout cela, donc.
Du point de vue du line-up, à un bref écrémage pret (Vald, non merci, Petit Biscuit, guère mieux) et quelques renoncements dictés par la fatigue (Carpenter Brut, à contre-coeur), on a plus ou moins fait le tour du bazar.
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Du jeudi, on retiendra The NoFace, fruit de la rencontre des musiciens de feu Skip the Use et de la charismatique Oma Jali, rescapée de The Voice, saison 5, version française. La fusion des deux donne un résultat ultra-énergique en live et au visuel joliment travaillé. Le coup de coeur studio London Grammar passe quant à lui l'épreuve du live sans mention particulière. A défaut d'une prestation véritablement habitée il y a une belle prouesse vocale. L'autre vrai coup de coeur du jour revient aux américains de Death Grips et leur hip-hop hardcore à l'énergie (et pas uniquement) très punks, rageux, et qui repousse les limites du genre.
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Concernant le vendredi, on épinglera les quatre filles de Goat Girl, leur son qui se frotte au garage, voire au grunge et leur univers bien trempé dans lequel chacune est affublée d'un pseudonyme de joueuse de roller-derby. La deuxième journée était clairement la plus rock du festival, puisqu'on y a également croisé le trio gagnant Parquet Court / Ty Segall / Band of Horses. Rajoutons à cela les increvables Kills et Korn, dans leur registres respectifs et la boucle est bouclée.
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De la première journée du week-end on retiendra les pas-si-jeunes-pousses de Last Train et leur garage rock certes un peu cliché mais foutrement efficace et cette attitude, très communicative avec le public. Beaucoup de critiques dithyrambiques ont pu être lues ou entendues au sujet de The Lemon Twigs... nous, on est un peu passé à coté. Alors que les Justice ont été égaux à eux-mêmes: précision millimétrique, éclairage dantesque au service d'ambiances qui oscillent le solennel et l'hystérique.
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Vient finalement le dimanche, journée bien particulière au Cabaret Vert qui se fend d'un billet à 5 euros pour clôturer l'évènement avec le plus grand nombre. L'effort est suffisamment important pour être mentionné. Fatalement l'affiche est moins forte que les jours précédents sans pour autant sombrer, loin de là, puisque, de notre point de vue, la présence de Kate Tempest justifie à elle-seule le déplacement.
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De l'ensemble on retiendra la belle démonstration faite par le festival que tout ne se passe pas forcément sur la scène et qu'il faut étoffer l'offre faite au festivalier. C'est chose faite à Charleville avec le mini festival BD ainsi qu'avec le cinéma, le hackaton ou encore le Temps des Freaks, enclave bohème dédiée aux arts de la rue, compteurs, acrobates ou aux jeux plus ou moins rustiques. 
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Mentionnons encore en vrac une offre en nourriture à faire pâlir les plus exigeants des festivals et un personnel de sécurité discret et pédagogue plutôt que rigoureusement répressif et l'on tient l'ensemble des raisons qui font que l'an prochain, on remettra le couvert.
A bientôt Cabaret Vert!
L.
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Photos:
Le public de Turbonegro
Plus de public de Turbonegro
The NoFace
Yassassin
The Kills
Last Train
Kate Tempest
Une pyramide, au Temps des Freaks
Justice
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sufilmbologna · 7 years ago
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Bela Tarr: Meeting the Man
Film is both a career choice and a passion for many. It is an art form that we love and are choosing to better ourselves with. It is also a capitalistic idolatrous religion where we worship those who came before us as we are taught to do from a young age by society at large. Today we will be meeting with Bela Tarr, a filmmaker who has undoubtedly gained incredible success winning the Jury Prize from Cannes, which, is the award which I find myself looking up to the most in film, for whatever reason. For me to win that would be a dream come true.
So taking all this into account, a disposition to worship in film and a man who has made a film I found really powerful and won THE award in my ignorant mind, I thought it would be interesting to write a post now, before meeting the man and a post after to see if there are any major changes in my perspective:
 The Before:
 I’m not going to lie, watching The Turin Horse was more than a struggle for me. At around the 2 hour mark I had to make a conscious effort to stay engaged, finding little details I loved, analysing and constantly working in any way to stop myself from missing the film through daydreams or sleep.
But does that mean it’s a bad film?
On the contrary I thought that was exactly the point of the film.
We as an audience were actually made to suffer through the film, watching these two people struggle through life, no idea what the narrative structure is, constantly being bombarded by the aggravating and repetitive noises. It feels as though Bela Tarr was making us feel the pain of the characters. More than this though. I feel like he was also taunting us as an audience. I couldn’t stop thinking of the idea of instant gratification while I was watching this film. The way we in our generation expect to be treated to loose ends beign tied and complete stories with engaging ideas. We are constantly afraid of, and running from, boredom.
Here, Bela Tarr gives it to us, on a platter.
A beautifully shot, insanely lit and incredibly intellectual platter.
Will we sit through this and get the most from it? Can we handle not receiving that rush in our brain once we get what we want?
 I don’t think the length of the film was solely aimed at torturing though, I do feel that more than that. It was aimed at simplifying. Really cutting back so that the audience are only left with the symbols and metaphors of this man’s film. Left to unpack the film while also being fully intellectually involved in the film, most of our emotions are distant because of the style so different from what we are used to.
 I could write more but I’ve already reached a page and I want to leave space for after meeting him. So, I’ll end with this.
At this moment, I’m incredibly excited to meet Bela Tarr, I think he’s very clever and his work is pretty incredible. I do not think his work is so hopeless as it comes across and is actually a very loving and honest approach to human pain and suffering.
 The rest remains to be seen I guess.
 And After ...
 Being in the same room as someone’s work you look up to and having researched the person, is an incredibly bazar feeling. As soon as the man walked into the room, the room went silent and people struggled to know what to say. I found myself having immediate respect for the man and hanging on to his every word, trying to suck all the good nectar from it.
 And he totally knew it. This man owned the room and had all of the power.
It was hilarious to watch.
 Two things stood out heavily for me from the time I spent with this man. One is that he had strong values that I had incredible amounts of respect for. He talked of love and empathy and shooting people in beautiful way because they are beautiful and deserve dignity, no matter the circumstances they’re in.  The other thing I noticed is this man is incredibly self important and superior. He spoke of collaboration and have giving power to the people through his work. And yet … he sat on his throne of knowledge and power and he just glowed with this energy!!!
To the extent that he refused to truly listen to a question I and many others asked and instead only answered the parts he wished to.
 This for me is a strange dichotomy of having the bubble swell and grow stronger while also bursting in the same moment. I was more enamoured by him and his work than ever before while also entirely disenchanted. I was hit by a sudden obviousness of this idols humanity.
 I felt this to such an extent that I suddenly realised the bizarreness of this blog post I was writing. I’m meeting a man for the first time asking him about his work and then deciding to write about him. Judging him as a person and as an artist in a single stroke.
This is just not possible.
I was sat in front of a man, a man with a tremendous amount of influence and uncountable people ready to stroke his ego, who knows what he’s thinking. The lifestyle and life moments that leads him to this.
 So, I end this blog post with the realisation of how flawed this post truly was. I will not judge the man. His work stands alone as a work of art and it is beautiful, the manner in which it was filmed is phenomenal. These are the things that matter.
 I will say this though, this dude’s relationship with Nietzsche definitely set my teeth on edge.
Okay, no more judging my bad.
 Good night, good luck and
Arriiiivederci
- Dave
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