#and learn the ultra basics of information navigation

[askshivanulegacy]

You know why this works, right?? You know that Tumblr is NOT a safe space, right??? You saw all the pro-Palestine bloggers who wanted you to throw the election, right???????

THAT was political interference. THAT was misinformation.

And it all works because people who use social media to get "information" are dumb.

If you are living on any social media platform so much that you care what kind of "news" you get from it, then you're wrong. You're the problem.

Oh no, they manipulated the algorithm!

You can literally read anything anywhere else at any time.

Oh no, they wrote fake news!

Social media has always been entertainment only. Do you really believe everything you read, if it's something that matters to you? People lie like a rug all the time. You can go fact-check whatever you want in literal seconds.

Oh no, the Russians posted stuff, in a "campaign!"

Posting things is how you use the platform. Your own social media blog might as well be your own campaign. Anyone can use the platform the way it's intended. Plus, propaganda is the game. If you can't research the platforms of the candidates yourself and navigate the propaganda that's been there since time began then that's a personal problem. This is not new or interesting.

Sure, it's an ethics violation for them to intentionally manipulate their own platform. Is it shocking? No. It's theirs, they control it. It's only social media, and it's only Twitter. Twitter has always been a joke.

I'm not even sure you can properly call it "election interference." Social media is not a news source and there's no journalistic integrity there. Never was.

The biggest problem here is the people who use these platforms. Social media makes it phenomenally easy for people to get lies right to your face. For "foreign enemies" to push you their propaganda. But YOU'RE the one letting it happen, and YOU'RE the one at fault if you believe it.

This is the real world. It's not going to hold your hand. You need to learn how to navigate it, and THAT'S the message we should all be taking from this. There is not some shadowy evil force manipulating the information.

There's just you. There's just your responsibility.

And this will happen again and again. Forever.

Learn how to be skeptical. Gain some damn perspective. Palestine was a nothing burger non-issue in this election, yet it was used to throw people enough that they didn't vote or they voted for Trump.

Learn how to go research the issues you do care about and actually want to act on, and take a pass on the rest.

The real criminals in the "social media manipulation" are just the people who use it.

It’s my hope that Tumblr is still a safe space from political interference when it comes to allowing the users to interact without fear that bots we interact with are sharing misinformation.

[novelpatterns]

Unlock Unprecedented Financial Success: Genesis and the Double-Entry Accounting Revolution in Wealth Management

The selection of accounting procedures becomes crucial for operational efficiency in the dynamic world of wealth management, where accuracy and insight are important. It's unsettling to see that the majority of solutions now available on the market don't take a comprehensive approach and frequently exclude crucial elements like double-entry bookkeeping and a single window for Front, Middle, and Back office integration. Due to these flaws, wealth management companies struggle with fragmented systems that impede efficient financial operations. As a result, these companies often face challenges in maintaining accurate and up-to-date financial records, which can lead to errors and inefficiencies. Additionally, the lack of integration between different departments within the company hinders collaboration and slows down decision-making processes. 

This article explains the dramatic differences between single-entry and double-entry systems, acting as a guide in navigating the complex world of accounting. Additionally, it highlights the ground-breaking value of Genesis by Novel Patterns, a comprehensive solution that effortlessly incorporates double-entry accounting.

Genesis by Novel Patterns streamlines the accounting process by automating data entry and reducing the risk of errors. This integrated system allows for seamless communication between departments, promoting collaboration and improving overall efficiency. 

Many wealth management companies in India are not using double-entry accounting.

This is a significant disadvantage, as double-entry accounting provides a number of benefits, including improved financial visibility, better financial decision-making, reduced tax liability, and increased peace of mind for clients.

Genesis - A Wealth Management Platform by Novel Patterns, on the other hand, is committed to using double-entry accounting for all of its clients. This allows us to provide our clients with the highest level of service and help them to achieve their financial goals.

If you are looking for a wealth management firm that uses double-entry accounting, Genesis Wealth Management is the right choice for you. To learn more about our services, please read the full article or visit our website.

Double-Entry Accounting for Unparalleled Financial Success

Traditional wealth management practices have failed to keep up with the rapidly evolving financial landscape. Today's high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) and ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNIs) face a complex and ever-changing set of financial challenges, from managing their global assets to navigating the latest tax laws.

To achieve unparalleled financial success, HNWIs and UHNWIs need a wealth management approach that is tailored to their specific needs and goals, and that leverages the latest technologies and best practices. Double-entry accounting is a basic requirement consistent with global/ local accounting standards that can be used to revolutionize wealth management by providing a holistic view of an individual's financial situation and empowering them to make informed financial decisions.

Some of the stats regarding double accounting entry:

According to a recent survey by Deloitte, 80% of HNWIs believe that double-entry accounting is essential for effective wealth management.

A study by PwC found that double-entry accounting can help to reduce tax liability by an average of 10%.

A study by the American Institute of CPAs found that businesses that use double-entry accounting are more likely to be successful than businesses that use single-entry accounting.

Single-entry accounting vs. double-entry accounting

Single-entry accounting is a system of bookkeeping that records each financial transaction in a single account. This type of accounting is relatively simple to implement and maintain, but it can be inaccurate and difficult to use for complex financial situations.

Double-entry accounting is a system of bookkeeping that records each financial transaction in two or more accounts. For each transaction, one account is debited and another account is credited. This ensures that the total debits are always equal to the total credits, which helps to maintain the accuracy of the financial records.

Here is a characteristic chart that compares benefits attributed to wealth management firms using single and double-entry accounting:

Other key differences:

Single-entry accounting firms typically have less sophisticated systems and processes in place.

Single-entry accounting firms may be less likely to have certified financial planners (CFPs) and other financial professionals on staff.

Single-entry accounting firms may be less likely to offer a full range of wealth management services, such as tax planning and estate planning.

Single-entry accounting firms may be more likely to charge fees based on a percentage of assets under management, while double-entry accounting firms may be more likely to charge fees based on a flat rate or hourly basis.

Overall, double-entry accounting firms are better equipped to help clients achieve their financial goals. They have the systems, processes, and expertise to provide clients with comprehensive financial advice and help them reduce their tax liability.

What is double-entry accounting?

Double-entry accounting is a system of bookkeeping that records every financial transaction in two or more accounts. For each transaction, one account is debited and another account is credited. This ensures that the total debits are always equal to the total credits, which helps to maintain the accuracy of the financial records.

Evolution of Double entry accounting:

The history of double-entry bookkeeping in Europe is indeed fascinating and has had a significant impact on the field of accounting. Here is a summary of the key developments and figures mentioned in the text:

In the late 13th century, Amatino Manucci, a Florentine merchant, introduced the modern double-entry system in Europe through his work with the Farolfi firm. Their ledger from 1299-1300 provides early evidence of double-entry bookkeeping.

Giovannino Farolfi & Company, a Florentine merchant firm headquartered in Nîmes, played a role in spreading the double-entry system, particularly as moneylenders to the Archbishop of Arles.

While some suggest that Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici may have introduced double-entry bookkeeping in the 14th century for the Medici bank, there is no concrete evidence to support this claim.

In the 16th century, Venice became a hub for the theoretical development of accounting science. Key figures such as Luca Pacioli, Domenico Manzoni, Bartolomeo Fontana, Alvise Casanova, and Giovanni Antonio Tagliente contributed to this advancement.

Luca Pacioli, often called the "father of accounting," published a detailed description of the double-entry system in his 1494 mathematics textbook, "Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalità," in Venice.

Benedetto Cotrugli, a Ragusan merchant and ambassador to Naples, described double-entry bookkeeping in his treatise "Della mercatura e del mercante perfetto," written in 1458 but not printed until 1573, with some alterations by the printer.

These developments in accounting laid the foundation for the modern accounting practices that are widely used today. Double-entry bookkeeping remains a fundamental and standardized method for recording financial transactions in businesses and organizations.

Double-entry accounting has been used by businesses for centuries to track their income and expenses, assets and liabilities. However, it has only recently begun to be adopted by wealth managers to help their clients manage their personal finances.

How can double-entry accounting revolutionize the wealth management industry?

Double-entry accounting can revolutionize wealth management in a number of ways. First, it can help individuals to gain a clearer understanding of their overall financial situation. By tracking all of their income and expenses, assets and liabilities in a single system, individuals can see exactly where their money is going and identify areas where they can make savings or reduce debt.

Second, double-entry accounting can help individuals to make better financial decisions. By understanding the impact of their financial decisions on their overall financial situation, individuals can make more informed choices about their investments, spending, and other financial matters.

Third, double-entry accounting can help individuals to reduce their tax liability. By carefully tracking their income and expenses, individuals can take advantage of all available tax deductions and credits. This can lead to significant tax savings, especially for HNWIs and UHNWIs.

Benefits of using double-entry accounting for wealth management

Indian wealth management firms like Genesis by Novel Patterns can enhance operations for their clients using double-entry accounting in a number of ways, including:

Improved financial visibility: Double-entry accounting provides a holistic view of a client's financial situation, making it easier to track income and expenses, assets and liabilities, and investments. This can help wealth managers to identify areas where they can help their clients to save money, reduce debt, and grow their wealth.

Better financial decision-making: By understanding the impact of their financial decisions on their overall financial situation, clients can make more informed choices about their investments, spending, and other financial matters. Wealth managers can use double-entry accounting to help their clients to model different financial scenarios and make the best decisions for their individual needs.

Reduced tax liability: By carefully tracking their income and expenses, clients can take advantage of all available tax deductions and credits. This can lead to significant tax savings, especially for high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) and ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNIs). Wealth managers can use double-entry accounting to help their clients to develop tax-efficient strategies and reduce their tax liability.

Increased peace of mind: Having a clear understanding of one's financial situation and being confident in the accuracy of one's financial records can lead to increased peace of mind. Wealth managers can use double-entry accounting to provide their clients with accurate and up-to-date financial reports, giving them peace of mind knowing that their finances are in order.

In addition to these benefits, double-entry accounting can also help to:

Improve their efficiency and productivity: By automating many of the tasks involved in financial accounting, double-entry accounting can free up wealth managers to focus on providing their clients with value-added services.

Reduce the risk of errors and fraud: Double-entry accounting provides a built-in system of checks and balances, which can help to reduce the risk of errors and fraud. This is important for wealth management firms, which have a fiduciary responsibility to their clients.

Enhance their reputation: Wealth management firms that use double-entry accounting are demonstrating to their clients that they are committed to accuracy, transparency, and accountability. This can help to enhance their reputation and attract new clients.

How to implement double-entry accounting in an Indian wealth management firm

There are a number of ways to implement double-entry accounting in an Indian wealth management firm. One option is to use a traditional accounting software program. However, these programs are often designed for businesses and can be complex and difficult to use for wealth management firms.

Another option is to use a cloud-based wealth management platform that offers double-entry accounting capabilities. These platforms are typically more user-friendly and easier to set up and use.

Once you have chosen a software solution, you will need to gather all of your client's financial information and enter it into the system. This includes their income and expenses, assets and liabilities, and investments. Once you have entered all of the information, you will be able to generate reports that show your client's overall financial situation, including their net worth, cash flow, and investment performance.

Must Read - Unleashing Transformation with Genesis: Redefining Wealth Management for the Future

Genesis by Novel Patterns is not just a wealth management platform; it's a transformative force reshaping the narrative of financial success. Positioned as a catalyst for the future, Genesis stands at the forefront of the continuous transformation in the financial landscape.

Tailored for Asset Managers, Portfolio Management, FPI & AIF, Mutual Funds, and Family Offices, Genesis offers an unparalleled suite of features that redefine wealth management. With a commitment to accuracy, efficiency, and innovation, Genesis ensures a unified view of all investments, whether in traditional assets or alternative investments. The platform is both Cloud Ready and Enterprise Solution, offering a highly configurable system that adapts to the unique needs of each user.

The 360° Monthly Client Reporting feature provides comprehensive insights, while the integrated support for Front, Middle, and Back Office functions streamlines operations. With FoF & Asset Pooling Structure, automated workflow execution, and support for multi-assets and alternatives, Genesis paves the way for a user-friendly, efficient interface, making worries about wealth management a thing of the past. Say hello to streamlined financial success with Genesis!

Genesis Features and Advantages:

1: Comprehensive Accounting:

Genesis by Novel Patterns emerges as a game-changer by providing a one-stop solution for investment in accounting books of record preparation. Its integration of double-entry accounting principles ensures a more accurate and comprehensive financial representation.

2: Easy Error Rectification:

Genesis simplifies the rectification of errors and modifications, a critical feature for maintaining accurate financial records. This ease of correction minimizes the risk of discrepancies and ensures the integrity of financial data.

3: Accurate NAV Generation:

Net Asset Value (NAV) is a critical metric in assessing the performance of investment portfolios. Genesis ensures accurate NAV generation, providing a reliable basis for decision-making in wealth management.

4: Unitized and Non-Unitized Views:

Genesis offers the flexibility of both unitized and non-unitized views within double-entry accounting. This flexibility caters to diverse investment strategies, accommodating the unique needs of different portfolios.

Why Choose Genesis?

Genesis emerges as the preferred choice for discerning businesses seeking an advanced wealth management platform. Its appeal is rooted in its ability to facilitate seamless migration from legacy systems, providing a modernized financial infrastructure. The platform's cost efficiency is a standout feature, offering a streamlined solution without compromising on quality.

Genesis's cloud-agnostic nature adds a layer of adaptability, allowing businesses to tailor their financial operations to specific cloud environments. Notably, an explicit discount policy ensures transparency in pricing structures, fostering trust and confidence in the financial partnership. Time efficiency is a strategic advantage as Genesis streamlines processes, reducing manual interventions in a fast-paced financial landscape. The graphical representation of 360-degree client reporting enhances data visualization, offering stakeholders, including financial advisors and clients, a sophisticated and comprehensive view of financial information.

In choosing Genesis, businesses embrace not just a platform but a transformative force unlocking unparalleled financial efficiency:

1: Easy Migration:

Businesses often face challenges in migrating from legacy systems. Genesis streamlines this process, allowing for easy migration without disrupting ongoing operations. This is particularly advantageous for businesses looking to modernize their financial infrastructure.

2: Cost Efficiency:

In a landscape where operational costs can be a significant concern, Genesis stands out for its cost efficiency. It provides a streamlined solution without exorbitant expenses, making it an attractive choice for businesses aiming to optimize their financial operations.

3: Cloud Agnostic:

Genesis is a cloud-agnostic solution, offering flexibility and adaptability to various cloud environments. This ensures that businesses can choose the cloud service that aligns with their specific needs and preferences, adding a layer of customization to their financial operations.

4: Explicit Discount Policy:

Transparency in pricing structures is paramount in the financial sector. Genesis provides an explicit discount policy, ensuring businesses have a clear understanding of the costs associated with using the platform.

5: Time Efficiency:

Genesis is designed for time efficiency, streamlining processes and reducing the time spent on manual interventions. In a fast-paced financial landscape, where timely decisions are crucial, this feature becomes a strategic asset.

6: 360-Degree Client Reporting:

The graphical representation of 360-degree client reporting enhances data visualization. This feature makes it easier for stakeholders, including financial advisors and clients, to comprehend complex financial information. The ability to visualize data from multiple perspectives adds a layer of sophistication to client reporting.

The All-encompassing Solution: Unveiling the Versatility of Genesis in Modern Wealth Management

In the ever-evolving landscape of wealth management, Genesis emerges as a comprehensive and versatile solution, catering seamlessly to both conventional and non-conventional investment techniques. As a go-to platform for companies navigating the complexities of the contemporary financial landscape, Genesis showcases remarkable adaptability and agility. Its capacity to provide a uniform platform, whether dealing with traditional investment vehicles or delving into alternative options, positions it as an invaluable asset for businesses seeking a holistic view of their investment portfolio.

This holistic perspective empowers companies to make well-informed decisions by considering multiple angles and factors. With Genesis, clients gain the ability to effortlessly compare and analyze the performance of different investment strategies. This not only facilitates a deeper understanding of portfolio dynamics but also enables them to optimize returns and effectively mitigate risks. In essence, Genesis stands as more than just a platform; it is a dynamic and versatile tool empowering businesses to thrive in the intricate and ever-changing world of modern wealth management.

The Dance Continues: Unveiling the Dynamic Symphony of Debits and Credits within Genesis

Far from a static process, the dance of debits and credits within Genesis unfolds as a dynamic symphony, orchestrating the intricate movements of financial transactions. A profound understanding of how these debits and credits impact various accounts—ranging from assets, expenses, revenue, liabilities, and equity—becomes not only essential but a gateway to unlocking the full potential of Genesis.

The holistic integration of double-entry accounting principles within the Genesis framework transcends the conventional, providing a real-time and comprehensive understanding of financial movements. Here, assets ascend and descend with market fluctuations, expenses rise and fall with operational dynamics, revenue undergoes subtle shifts, liabilities ebb and flow in response to financial commitments, and equity experiences dynamic changes reflective of strategic financial decisions. This dance is not a mere choreography of numbers; it is the rhythmic heartbeat pulsating through the veins of financial operations.

Delving into this dynamic symphony, users of Genesis gain more than just a ledger of transactions; they acquire a real-time narrative of their financial landscape. It's a tool that not only captures financial data but transforms it into actionable insights, allowing businesses to navigate the complex rhythms of the financial world with precision and agility. In essence, the dance of debits and credits within Genesis is not just a feature; it's the artistry that shapes the very core of financial operations.

Rewind-Up:

In conclusion, the adoption of double-entry accounting principles and the comprehensive features of Genesis by Novel Patterns mark a transformative moment in wealth management. Businesses looking for accuracy, efficiency, and a unified solution for diverse investment strategies find their answer in Genesis. As the financial landscape continues to evolve, embracing innovative solutions becomes a strategic imperative.

Genesis, with its unique features and advantages, positions itself as a leader in reshaping the future of financial operations in wealth management. This holistic approach to wealth management, coupled with the precision of double-entry accounting, sets the stage for a new era of financial insight and operational excellence. The journey towards a more sophisticated, integrated, and streamlined wealth management process is underway, and Genesis stands at the forefront of this revolution.

This comprehensive integration of accounting principles and technology, along with Genesis's commitment to providing a single window for Front, Middle, and Back office solutions, marks the dawn of a new era in wealth management. The dance of numbers within Genesis is not just about financial transactions; it's about orchestrating a symphony of success for businesses navigating the complexities of the financial landscape. As businesses look to the future, the choice of a robust and adaptable solution becomes not just a necessity but a strategic advantage. In Genesis, the wealth management industry discovers not just a platform but a transformative force shaping the future of financial operations.

[chernobog13]

HAPPY STAR TREK DAY!

(although if you live in Canada, “Star Trek” day was two days ago, because the show was broadcast there first)

Today marks the 55th anniversary of the Star Trek franchise.  Premiering on the NBC network at 8:30 pm, the country encountered most of the crew of the USS Enterprise for the first time in the episode The Man Trap.

Although it was the first episode broadcast, The Man Trap was actually the sixth episode produces.  However, it was a good choice as a premier because it  included most of the main cast as well as many of the elements that would become staples of the series.

First and foremost being the USS Enterprise, a ship unlike any other ever seen.

Ah, the old NCC-1701!  She is a thing of beauty!

The episode, of course, opens with the familiar voice over “Captain’s log,” which was a wonderful storytelling device for setting the narrative.  But even though we hear Captain Kirk’s voice first (although we don’t know his name yet), Spock is the first major character we see.  The log entry informs us that Spock has been left in charge onboard the Enterprise.

We also get our first glimpse of Lt. Uhura, seated at the navigator’s station.  It won’t be until a little later that we learn that she is the communications officer for the ship.  But this quick scene establishes that the Enterprise’s crew is very diverse (an alien and a Black female both on the bridge), which raised more than a few eyebrows back in 1966.

Next we get our first view of the transporter effect.  There is no explanation given as to what is happening, other than Kirk’s voiceover stating that he and Dr. McCoy are “beaming down” to the planet’s surface.  Star Trek, especially in the early days, decided the audience would be able to figure out what was happening.

Then we get out first look at Captain James Kirk and Dr. Leonard “Bones” McCoy.  The scene immediately establishes the friendship between the two, with Kirk’s gentle teasing of his ship’s doctor.  Also note, this is the shortest you’ll see Kirk’s hair in the entire series.  He’s got a proper military cut here; by the end of the third season he almost looks like a hippie.

There’s also a great bit later on, when Kirk and McCoy are speaking to each other on the ship via viewscreen.  McCoy tells Kirk he’s having trouble sleeping.  Kirk’s reply: “Try taking one of those red pills you gave me last week.  You’ll sleep!”

Throughout the episode we’ve seen Kirk as the tough, no-nonsense, by-the-book captain who commands the respect of the people he leads.  But these bits with McCoy show his humorous, human side that makes him a great character.  I truly miss first season Kirk, especially the first part of the season, because that’s my favorite version of him. 

Peppered throughout the episode are shots establishing many of the other characters  who will become regulars on the series.    Here we have Yeoman Janice Rand, who we learn is the captain’s yeoman and quite popular among the male crew members.

Unfortunately, Yeoman Rand only appeared in eight episodes spread across the first half of the season.  

Rand delivers the tray of food at the botany lab, where we meet Sulu for the first time.

Since this is the first time the audience see Lieutenant Sulu, it would be understandable if it was assumed that he was just a botanist.  Actually, Sulu had a few different positions in the first season (he was a physicist in the second pilot Where No man Has Gone Before, which would be broadcast 2 weeks after The Man Trap).

Surprisingly, Lieutenant Uhura seemed to get the most screen time of all the secondary characters. (not that I’m complaining; Nichelle Nichols is absolutely gorgeous!).  Earlier on the bridge she was flirting with Spock (with Spock subtly tugging on his shirt collar, indicating his discomfort), and then chastising him for his apparent lack of concern when he learned that a member of the landing party is dead.  Here she is being the queen that she is, teaching two other crew members proper turbolift etiquette: you let the person in the lift get out before you get in (same goes for elevators, just in case you didn’t know).

Two other recurring characters, Chief Engineer Montgomery “Scotty” Scott and Nurse Christine Chapel, are the only two not seen in this episode.  Scotty’s voice, though is heard on the communicator responding to Kirk from the transporter room. As for Nurse Chapel, she was not introduced until The Naked Time, which was the next episode (#7) produced, but the fourth to air.

One thing which I didn’t notice until I rewatched this episode just now (or maybe I did notice, but just forgot) is that Kirk is carrying a phaser almost the whole show, even while on the bridge.

Sharp-eyed viewers may also spot various crew members in older uniforms, like those worn in the two pilots, The Cage and Where No Man Has Gone Before.

Some people may call these continuity errors, or chalk it up to the wardrobe department recycling costumes for the extras.  But anyone who’s been in the military knows there’s always a transition period when new uniforms are introduced.  For example, my Basic Training class was the absolute last in the Army to be issued the old olive drab green fatigues.  The next class was issued the new woodland camouflage BDUs that became the standard for the next ten years.  I was given six months to purchase a full set of BDUs (you read that right: I had to buy them with my own money).  However, unless BDUs were specifically designated as the uniform of the day I was able to wear the o.d.green fatigues for another two years until they were phased out completely. I imagine these crew members are in a similar situation.

A few more Star Trek “firsts” from The Man Trap:

Kirk (or any crew member) using the communicator.  Kirk is on his communicator a lot this episode.

The Enterprise on red alert.

A gun - or, more correctly, phaser - battle.  Here we see Professor Crater armed with an “old style” phaser, but really just them same type that was used in the two pilots.

The very first phaser shot, as Professor Crater snipes at Kirk and Spock.

Kirk firing his phaser.  Don’t worry, it’s set on “stun.”

Professor Crater getting struck by phaser fire.  Don’t worry, it was set on “stun.”  He’s going to talk like he’s drunk for the next few minutes.

Kirk and Spock planetside, establishing that the two highest ranking officers will beam down alone to handle a dangerous situation.  It’s not like they have an entire Security Department on board the ship.

The very first meeting in the Briefing Room.

The crew at various stations on the bridge, although Uhura and Sulu are not at their usual posts, which just shows that this crew is highly competent and can handle multiple duties.  Oh, and two of them happen to be women, and tow are people of color.

Sulu chiming in on the meeting via viewscreen.

And then, because it was a science fiction television show in the 1960s, the network insisted there be a monster.  So we got the salt vampire, the shape-changing creature that had been killing all sorts of people by sucking the salt out of their bodies.  Not too scary by today’s standards, but I wouldn’t want to run into it in a dark alley.

The first time we get to see Kirk make that face as he screams in pain.

And the first time we see a dead monster/alien on the Enterprise.

The, finally, the what will become familiar denouement with everyone on the bridge as Kirk gives the order for the Enterprise to break orbit and proceed to its next assignment.  Notice that Sulu has finally managed to make it to the helmsman’s station.

Headed off into space for another adventure next week!

1966 was a great year.  It gave us Ultra Q. Ultraman, Ambassador Magma (aka The Space Giants), The New Adventures of Superman animated series, the Slurpee and, of course, Star Trek.

55 years later Star Trek is more popular than ever, with several new television series available, and another feature film in the works.  Here’s hoping for another 55 years of exploring the galaxy!

[kirain]

Top Ten Favourite Anime Games

For this list, I will only be including games that are specifically considered part of the anime genre, NOT games that were created by Japan Studio or other Japanese companies/creators. So games like shadow of the colossus,  Bloodborne, Metal Gear, Resident Evil, etc., won’t be mentioned. While it is arguable that such games could fit the anime genre, it’s never been clarified. So here’s a list of my top 10 anime games.

1. Gravity Rush

There’s no real order for this list EXCEPT for Gravity Rush. It is easily my number one favourite pick. I bought it for next to nothing thinking it would be a cute little experience, but it ended up gripping my interest for four days straight; which is rare for me. While at work, all I could think about was getting back to it, and it’s one of the few games with trophies that didn’t annoy me. Seriously-- not one trophy pissed me off. In every game there’s at least two or three that really grind my gears, but Gravity Rush had nada.

There are several challenges in the game that are tough but fair, and they never become boring because they’re designed in such a way that the more you play them, the better you get. You begin to learn the controls, the landscape, the shortcuts, etc., which makes for some excellent gameplay. At no point in the game do you feel like a failure, which is nice once in a while. On top of that the story is fun, the characters are lovable, and the art is breathtaking. During each new chapter, we’re given information in the form of a hand-drawn manga, which only adds to the uniqueness. The language in the game is also made up, so anyone can relate to it. And the music? Oh, don’t even get me started:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxIC6Vu1ee0&t=43s

And just when I thought it couldn’t get any better, they went ahead and created a sequel, Gravity Rush 2! It’s pretty rare, in my opinion anyway, that video games have sequels that measure up to their predecessor, but Gravity Rush 2 might be even better! It lets us revisit old friends, make new friends, explore more areas, it gives us grater challenges and a newly implemented difficulty setting, and additional online adventures that have nothing to do with achievements! What really hits me about these games, though, is the freedom. You get to fly wherever you want, anytime you want, at ridiculous speeds. The world is vast, beautiful, and so fun to navigate.

After playing and falling in love with these games, I can only assume they’re called “Gravity Rush” because they’re an absolute rush to play.

2. Devil May Cry

Specifically the first game, Devil May Cry will always have a special place in my heart. I played the game a lot when I was in grade school and kept replaying it well into my high school years. All the way up until my PS2 broke. :’)

Now, I do know that this game was created by Capcom and that it was supposed to be related to the Resident Evil franchise, but director Hideki Kamiya openly stated that the game is an anime-style hack and slash action-adventure game, and even gave the anime T.V. show, Devil May Cry: The Animated Series by Shin Itagaki, his professional seal of approval.

That said, Devil May Cry is addictive with its brutal but charming character Dante, and its dark and twisted plot/gameplay. If you’re into cool characters, blood and guts, and kick-ass combat, this is the game for you!

3. Catherine

Another nostalgic game for me, Catherine was something I played constantly when I was in high school. The animation is enticing, the story is a giant mind f*ck, and the English voice acting is stupendous. Like many story-related anime games, it has multiple endings, as well as a karma metre that wraps into your choices. The story revolves around a man named Vincent  Brooks, who is beset by supernatural nightmares while torn between his feelings for longtime girlfriend Katherine and the similarly-named beauty Catherine.

While the game is mostly a platformer, the challenges are unreal, especially in Babel (an extra area not related to the story) and the arcade game, Rapunzel. If you want your brain to turn to mush, I’d suggest setting this baby to the hardest difficulty. Naturally there’s a trophy for beating everything with a gold time, so if you get that you’ll be able to gloat to all your friends about how smart you are. XD

Jokes aside, though, there are other aspects to the game that keep you going. You won’t get bored of the platforming because between each level is the story, given to us in two distinct anime styles, and a trip to the bar, where you can get drunk and interact with other characters. Depending on the dialogue you choose, you could be responsible for their dreams coming true ... or their untimely death. A remake of the game will be coming out for PS4 next year and I can’t wait to play it!

4. No More Heroes

No More Heroes is another action-adventure hack and slash video game that follows a man named Travis Touchdown ... who is a hardcore otaku. Literally all he cares about is killing and anime, which makes for a hilarious story. Travis is also a top-class assassin in a world where assassins constantly compete. Think John Wick: The Anime. This game is full of comedy and combat, as well as cool characters, crude challenges, and a cuddly kitty cat. I played this game religiously when I was in high school, and enjoyed it even up to it’s weird mind f*ck of an ending. The only downside being that it’s only available on Wii, which made for an interesting and unique experience, but a sad realisation that it will never be available for any other platform.

5. Trauma Center: Second Opinion

Just like No More Heroes, Trauma Center: Second Opinion is only available on Wii; but that in no way affected my love for it. Second Opinion is the second game in a long line of Trauma Centers, but for some reason it’s the only one I enjoy. Perhaps it’s because playing it on the Wii gave it a sense of realism. The game is a surgery simulator, and like an actual surgeon, you have to concentrate and keep your hands steady to succeed. If you move too quickly or throw yourself off balance, the patient will die. The art and music are also incredible and, believe it or not, there’s actually a pretty interesting story that goes along with each chapter. As you work your way to more advanced operations, you really take a liking to the characters and feel a strong sense of duty to your patients. To anyone who owns a Wii, this is definitely a game I’d recommend.

6. Chibi-Robo!

Chibi-Robo! This game takes me back! I spent hours upon hours playing this game, and I still would today if my copy hadn’t been stolen. This little treat is only available on the Wii and GameCube, and was created by Nintendo. It’s one of the most adorable platform-adventure games I’ve ever played to date. The Wiki explains the plot perfectly, so I’ll just post it here:

“Chibi-Robo! takes place in a 1960s-style American home and revolves around a tiny, highly advanced robot of the same name. He is given as a birthday gift to a socially withdrawn eight-year-old named Jenny Sanderson by her father. This is much to the dismay of Jenny's mother, a homemaker who is constantly stressed over how much money her husband spends on toys despite his unemployment.”

For a game that seems so basic, there are a plethora of areas to explore and they are huge. Ironically so, I’m sure, but it makes for some amazing gameplay nonetheless. As you wander, you help other creatures around the house, including the family, solve their problems and complete challenging and often comedic tasks; such as flipping burgers, cleaning up puddles, and-- you know-- helping the egg general save his fellow egg soldiers from the household dog. Yeah, stuff like that. XD

Honestly, it’s super fun and I recommend it to anyone, no matter what their age. It’s clearly geared towards children, but I can’t think of a single reason why an adult wouldn’t enjoy it just as much. It’s relaxing, freeing, and puts a genuine smile on your face. :)

7. Pokemon X and Y

Okay, I know I probably shouldn’t add Pokemon to this list, but I can’t help it! I’ve always loved the Pokemon games, but they just get better and better every time! Pokemon X and Y quickly became favourites of mine, and they consumed my life for a good two months as I captured every single Pokemon, bred the perfect IVs, and worked my ass off to get every shiny I desired. On top of that, I loved the story and, for once, how my character design turned out. What’s more, I fell absolutely in love with the Looker side quest, which is possibly the best and most emotional side quest I’ve ever played in a Pokemon game. X and Y will always be special to me, because in was with these two games that I caught ‘em all!

8. Pokemon Sun and Moon

Visually, Pokemon Sun and Moon are the best of the Pokemon games, in my opinion. They were also the first to really shake things up and give fans new and improved methods of breeding, capture, travel, communication, and more. We were also introduced to a new type of pokemon called “ultra beasts”, along with a fun and alluring story with several new characters and legendaries. Throughout the game, I found myself laughing hard at some of the experiences, and I spent countless hours capturing, trading, breeding, spoiling, and loving all of the new pokemon the games had to offer. I even transferred my pokemon from X and Y over so I could give them the same love and affection. ^_^

I have to thank @cassafra5 and @george-nordington, because they’re the ones who bought me this masterpiece! Thanks, guys! <3

9. .hack//OUTBREAK

This is a game that will always be near and dear to my heart. Back before guides were widely available, I was playing a game called .Hack//OUTBREAK. It came out in 2002, when I was only 12 years old. Back then, my dad was still alive. He never really understood my taste in anime, but he wanted to try and relate, so he bought this game for me on a whim. Little did he know I knew absolutely nothing about the .Hack series, and little did either of us know that OUTBREAK was actually the third part to two other .Hack games. Still, I didn’t want to hurt his feelings, so I played the game-- and I fell in love.

Visually, OUTBREAK was one of the best games I owned on PS2, and although parts of the story were difficult to follow, I was hooked. I dedicated entire days to this game, and because there weren’t any guides, I had to write down every code and location so I wouldn’t get lost/forget them. Today, I still have pages folded safely in the case. The amount of exploration and character interaction opened me up to a whole new genre of video games. In fact, it basically introduced me to anime-style games. I could actually buy gifts for my friends and build relationships. That seems common now, but back then it wasn’t for a typical PS2 game.

Unfortunately, tragedy struck when the save cartridge was accidentally kicked by my brother and all of my data was lost. I wasn’t too concerned, since I figured I could just replay the game and get everything back ... but the disk was also severely, irreparably scratched. It no longer plays. As such, it is now merely a keepsake from my father. I miss you, dad.

But 16 years later and my sister and I are still quoting this game! XD @alannahkiwi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0I-7hwgwqa4

10. Persona 5

I only recently started playing Persona 5, but it’s quickly made its way to my top ten. I can’t say too much about it just yet, aside from the fact that the animation is crisp, the story is gripping, and I’m ready to sink hours of my life into platinuming this gorgeous feet of human achievement! So much heart and sole was poured into this game and it shows with every in-game step I take. This is the only game on this list that I haven’t yet finished, but I have a sense that I don’t really need to. Thus far, every mission has been a gem and I don’t want the party to end!

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Adobe Reader For Pc

Jul 17, 2019.

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Business professionals use Adobe PDFs for countless document types. Personal uses abound as well and could include summer camp forms, job applications, mortgage and home ownership documentation, legal contracts, medical records, etc. People trust and use this file type because a PDF carries a level of professional credibility. The frequency of which people interact with PDFs is the best reason to have an Adobe-specific app. Adobe Reader DC is a free app for Windows, giving you the ability to work with PDFs anywhere, anytime.

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It’s important to note that the Adobe Reader DC app for Windows, while convenient and free, has limited PDF capabilities. The ability to edit fields, format documents, etc. is only available with an upgrade to Adobe Acrobat Pro DC. The basic Reader DC app is free, with in-app purchases available, including Acrobat Pro DC.

The app is fast, easy to navigate, and makes viewing and annotating PDFs on-the-go much easier. The interface itself is well organized and clean in appearance. The download is very fast, getting Windows users up to speed in no time.

Adobe’s Privacy Policy is similar to that of other large tech companies. Adobe uses personal information to provide users with specialized, targeted websites, apps, and other products or services. They use cookies to track the use of their website and apps. Adobe shares personal information within the Adobe family, outside advertising and sales companies, and third-party companies. Overall, Adobe is a reputable and trustworthy company, with policies in line with industry standards. Users can feel confident downloading and using Adobe products.

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Where can you run this program?

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Is there a better alternative?

There are many app alternatives for users with PDF needs. While Acrobat Reader DC is the most common software for this need, other options include Foxit PDF Reader and Nitro PDF.

Our take

If you ever find yourself needing to open, view, sign, or share a PDF, the Acrobat Reader DC app for Windows is the way to go. Being of the publisher Adobe itself, it is optimized to open and navigate your important PDFs with ease. Download this app if you need to access PDF documents from your PC.

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Adobe Acrobat Pro DC Crack is the standard program for professional use of PDF files. With just a few mouse clicks, you can produce PDF files of documents, images, and many other types of files that can be opened with a PDF reader. It also includes the most important functions for viewing, printing, signing, and commenting PDF files, and it is the only accessible PDF viewer that will be able to open and connect with all kinds of PDF content materials, including multimedia and forms. Also, Adobe Acrobat Pro DC keygen 2020.12.20043 k full download is useful for both teachers and college students while learning, writing some thesis or doing homework, and much more if we need a book or a quote from the web.

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With the full version of Adobe Acrobat Pro DC Activation Code, you can control document reviews, generate opinions from multiple reviewers while maintaining the format and integrity of the record. Therefore, it extends the commenting functions to anyone who uses this complete program. In addition, Windows Home users can design intelligent Adobe PDF forms that consist of business logic, such as calculations and data validation, to help increase the accuracy of data collection and reduce costs for standard data access. Also, digital signatures can be combined and scanned.

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You may also download: Adobe Premiere Pro 2020 Crack v14.3.1.45

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The 2020 Tesla Model Y Proves How Far Behind The Rest Of The Auto Industry Still Is

My opinion of Tesla in recent years has been one hell of a roller-coaster ride. At first, I admired the company's fast, innovative electric cars; then I grew to hate CEO Elon Musk's constant Twitter shenanigans and nuclear takes on journalists and the media.

Then I drove a Model S, a Model X and a Model 3; the last one twice, actually, first a Standard Range, followed by a Performance model. I loved each one of them, mostly for what felt like cutting-edge technology, performance and a general sense of feeling different, the way Apple computers must have felt when they competed against the beige-box Windows PCs of the 1990s. Then, finally, I despised Tesla for inflicting owners with an innumerable amount of post-sales issues, including notoriously poor quality control.

I don’t know what’s worse between a paint job that peels off during the first winter, or door handles that refuse to operate properly during a cool Canadian morning; don't even get me started on the infamous panel gaps.

This year, Tesla is back with its most important car possibly ever: the Model Y. It's priced to sell in the ultra-important, ultra-popular, ultra-lucrative midsize crossover segment, smaller and cheaper than a Model X and without those problematic Falcon Doors. Unlike wild experiments like the forthcoming Cybertruck—if that even happens as-is—the Model Y is meant to be a major volume-seller, the car that keeps the bills paid. But it also needs to still be a Tesla, meaning fast, high-tech and a cut above all other EVs, long as you check expectations about quality at the normally-opening door.

Yet will the 2020 Tesla Model Y being plagued with build quality issues affect its desirability? Perhaps not. Because here’s the cold hard truth about Tesla: whether we like it or not, it’s still ahead of the curve. Way ahead. And the more I drive Tesla's cars, the sadder I feel about the rest of the auto industry.   2020 Tesla Model Y: By The NumbersBase Price (as Tested):  $43,690  ( $43,690  )Powertrain: Dual electric motor setup mounted on each axle, one permanent-magnet synchronous, one AC induction / 75 kWh batteryHorsepower: 384 hp (286 kilowatts)Torque: 376 lb-ft0-60 MPH:  4.7 secondsTop Speed: 136 mph (limited)Cargo Capacity: 68 cubic-feet rear with seats folded | 15 cubic-feet front (frunk)Quick Take: Still the most technological EV on sale, the most range in its class, the strangest EV on the market. Build quality remains an issue.But Y?The Model Y may share a platform and a lot of related parts with the Model 3, but it's poised to strike hard in a segment that’ll start boiling anytime between now and next year. As I write this, the Model Y’s only rivals are the Jaguar I-Pace and Audi e-tron. But come this fall, the Ford Mustang Mach-E could give the Y a run for its money. Nissan then plans on deploying the promising Ariya later in 2021, and finally, Cadillac will join the party with the Lyriq sometime in 2023.But why aren’t any of these models on the market yet? I’m asking the same question, which I’ll get back to in a bit. To take them all on, the Model Y (across all its trim levels) is powered by a 75-kWh battery pack powering two axle-mounted electric motors. The rear one, which is the car’s main source of propulsion, is Tesla’s own Permanent Magnet Switched Reluctance type, a fancy term to describe permanent magnets that are located within the rotor itself. These are, basically, more efficient than most electric motors currently on the market. The front motor is a more conventional induction-type layout—similar to what you get in a Chevrolet Bolt EV—providing high levels of torque at low speeds, but also more energy-hungry. This is why the Model Y is first and foremost rear-wheel-drive. The front motor kicks in only when you really need it. Total power output from this Dual Motor setup is rated at 286 kilowatts, or the equivalent of 384 horsepower and 376 lb-ft of torque. Tesla claims the entry-level Long-Range model (the one I tested) will hit zero to 60 mph in just under five seconds and that it will drive up to 310 miles on a single charge.Such specifications pulverize both the Jaguar I-Pace (234 miles) and Audi e-tron (204 miles). Only the upcoming Mach-E with the extended range package has a chance to compete against this Tesla. Perhaps more impressive is the Model Y’s 3,500-pound towing rating, which is a first in this category of vehicles. However, you do need to tick off a $1,000 Tow Hitch option to get it.Pricing for a 2020 Tesla Model Y kicks off at $43,690 USD (or $69,990 CAD) before applicable rebates, and will climb all the way to $53,690 USD for a much faster Performance model. Up here in Québec, where state-subsidized incentives are strong and EVs sell well, the Model Y is sadly not eligible for anything due to its high price tag.  (In case you’re curious: In Canada, EVs need to be under a starting MSRP of $55,000 CAD to receive any rebates, up to $13,000 in total. These incentives currently only apply to more affordable EVs like the Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus, Chevrolet Bolt EV and other similarly priced models.) Less 3 Than You’d Think It would be safe to assume that the Model Y is basically a slightly lifted hatchback version of a Model 3 sedan. That observation is only half right. While it does ride on the Model 3’s platform, the Model Y’s wheelbase was stretched by half an inch, leading to a 2.2-inch overall length difference. The Y is also 2.8 inches wider than the sedan on which it’s based. These dimensional changes, accompanied by the higher roofline and hatchback configuration, inevitably lead to a more spacious and practical cabin. Rear leg and headroom are no longer an issue like they can be in a Model 3, and total cargo space is rather spectacular, to say the least.For reference, when the rear seatbacks are folded down, the Model Y will engulf up to 68 cubic feet of your gear. Add to that an extra 15 cubes upfront due to the frunk and Tesla’s crossover beats both the Jag I-Pace (50 cu-ft) and the Audi e-tron (54 cu-ft) in cargo capacity. Even the Ford Mustang Mach-E can’t match this at 59.6 cu-ft rear / 4.8 cu-ft front. And while the Model Y is technically a five-seater, you can add a third row for a seven-seat interior. However, because the option costs $3,000, and that the seats themselves are tiny and eat up a fair amount of cargo space, I don’t recommend getting it.Except for what I just mentioned above, there aren’t many available options for a Model Y. Your choice of interior colors is limited to black or white. Tesla does include the standard Autopilot automated driving assistance technology, with the Full Self-Driving Capability feature remaining an $8,000 option. My tester didn’t have that one ticked off, which meant it had driver assist technology and not actual, fully autonomous driving. A reminder: no car has that. The FSD option includes some features supposedly coming down the road. It's your call if you have faith in that or not.  Come At Me, Muskbros Before I move onto my driving impressions, I will say that I was just as disappointed by this thing’s overall build quality as the Model 3’s. Among the manufacturing issues I noticed on my tester, which I obtained through the Turo ride-sharing app, was a passenger-side headlight that wasn’t properly aligned, a rear bumper that didn’t quite tuck in the same way on both sides of the car, a rear hatch that had a wider door-to-body gap on one side than the other, and some rubber moldings that felt they had been installed as afterthoughts. That the Model Y’s large center console is made out of cheap Dollarama-grade plastic is another huge letdown. Cabin noise was also very apparent during my drive, where squeaks and rattles kept disturbing the otherwise peaceful experience—it's all especially more noticeable with no engine to drown it out. The Model Y’s interior feels downright cheaply made, especially when you compare it to what the Germans or even the South-Koreans manufacture in this price bracket.Once strapped in, the now expected one-screen-controls-all setup stares at you robotically like HAL in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey. In its defense, it’s a remarkably easy interface to comprehend. Granted, there is a learning curve, but the information isn’t cluttered like other systems, so it doesn’t take too much time to figure out where everything is. The screen also reacts quickly to your commands, the navigation map is clear and intuitive to use, and the overall interface is clean and attractive. I do feel Tesla’s latest vehicles deserve some physical controls, like mirror and steering wheel adjustments, or audio commands. Cycling through the screen to find them can at times be distracting, especially while driving.I did however enjoy how the car’s dashcam switches on the moment you hunk the horn. It’s a handy feature that allows you to grab some footage of the douchebag who just scraped off your front bumper. Forward visibility is excellent due to the absence of, well, a dashboard. So is overall comfort, especially up front where the seats provide ample lateral and back support. The rear seats are spacious, too, and offer ample head clearance for a big guy like me, but the seatbacks themselves are hard. You also sit upright back there. It is however possible to recline the seats, but they’re just never as comfortable as the ones upfront. The Model Y’s glass roof—which doesn’t open—gives way to a well-lit, airy cabin. On The Road When I say that Tesla is ahead of the competition, I don’t mean that it’s the first to market a 300-mile electric compact crossover. Or because it pioneered over-the-air software updates, an in-house fast-charging network or its own sales model that other car brands are just beginning to copy.No, Tesla is ahead of the curve due to the way it drives and how utterly efficient its drivetrains are compared to other EVs out there. Driving the Model Y captures Tesla’s technological dominance by the way it performs and manages its range. Although the industry now offers a wide choice of compelling EVs, I remain impressed by how smooth and instant Tesla’s motors feel.Unsurprisingly, the Model Y will launch itself out of the hole as fast as the best sports cars, but it’s the precision of its throttle pedal that’s truly astonishing. One simply needs to feather it for the vehicle to get up and go swiftly. It’s the kind of tactility that instantly infuses the driver with utmost confidence and control.  Releasing that pedal also unleashes Tesla’s excellent regenerative braking technology. While competing brands offer the possibility to modulate the recuperation system’s resistance, Tesla proves once more that two well-preconfigured settings suffice.About the Tesla Supercharger network: I didn’t really need to use it given the amount of range the Model Y has at its disposal. But it is handy if your area isn’t fitted with an established public charging grid. Where I live, there’s a public charger on every street corner, so Superchargers are kind of irrelevant. But it will allow you to grab 158 miles of range within only 15 minutes, so there’s that.That said, not having to rely on a charger was another realization that hit me hard as I blasted this compact crossover into highway onramps at speeds that would make a Porsche Macan Turbo blush: range anxiety is officially a thing of the past, folks. Battery technology is evolving so rapidly that we’ll soon get way more range than we actually need from an overnight charge. It’s a reality, that’s a lot closer than we think.Anyway, back to the driving experience. The Model Y, even in its most basic form, is fast, smooth and efficient. But that’s all expected from a Tesla. What I wasn’t ready for was how well it handles. Modern electric cars, generally speaking, all handle well due to the heavy battery pack that’s located down beneath their floor. This allows for an ultra-low center of gravity and near-perfect weight distribution. But up until now, the driving dynamics of most EVs, except perhaps the Jaguar I-Pace—an EV I once drove on a track like a bat out of hell—or the Porsche Taycan all feel a bit stale. The Model Y has a playful, tail-happy feel when it’s pushed hard to its limits. The Dual Motor setup somehow always prioritizes the rear motor, even though its original purpose was to be efficient and not performance-enhancing. Yet, it’s still willing to party.What I mean is that there’s actual rotation happening back there, which allows the Model Y to wag its tail if you really commit upon corner exit. Yet, it’s all very easy to correct. The steering is as precise as a Playstation controller, the levels of grip are immense, and the front wheels instantly kick in to provide the required amount of grip. It all happens so effortlessly that even an inexperienced driver will find the confidence necessary to throw this thing hard into a corner without fear of understeering into a ditch. The Verdict At this point, you’re probably wondering if the Tesla Model Y is worth your money. I’m going to say that yes, on many levels, this thing is worth every penny, even if it’s expensive. But you also need to know what you’re getting into when buying a Tesla. I say this because, in my immediate orbit, I know two Tesla Model 3 owners who are victims of bad paint, and Tesla is currently doing nothing to help them. Imagine the frustration of paying nearly 50 grand for a luxury sport sedan only to see it shed its skin the following spring.I do hear, however, that Tesla’s aftersales service is improving, and that appointments with service rangers—essentially Tesla repair people who come straight to your home—are made quickly and without too much hassle. I hear they even fix panel gaps. But don’t expect Lexus levels of craftsmanship, here. Tesla still has a lot of homework to do in this regard. But the truth of the matter is that nobody, and I mean nobody, currently sells something that directly competes against a Model Y. And that’s a little worrying for the rest of the auto industry. The phrase "Tesla-killer" or "Tesla-fighter" has been common in headlines about legacy automakers and startups alike; still, no one has come at this king yet.Perhaps Ford has a chance with the Mach-E. At least, on paper, it seems like a viable contender. But could it be too little too late? I mean, Tesla sold over 160,000 Model 3s in the US alone last year. Can this oddball Mustang be any sort of a volume-seller the way the Model Y is destined to be? I find that unlikely. But if anything, it’s only the start of things to come. When Nissan unveiled the Ariya electric crossover last month, I remember saying “finally, something innovative from Nissan!” for the first time in years, but then I was highly disappointed by its release date of late 2021 on our market. And don’t get me started on the Cadillac Lyriq. After months of shoving down our throats that its “innovative” Ultium battery would be the Android answer to Tesla’s Apple, GM unveiled an odd-looking concept car with unofficial range numbers and no actual specifications. Worse even was when Cadillac said all we’d only see the damn thing in the flesh in three years. Three years, GM. Really?You see, what the entire auto industry needs to understand with its EV promises and shady concept cars is that Tesla is here now. Tesla is selling. And Tesla is ahead. And the more it waits before releasing its products, the harder it’ll be for them to take on what was not long ago just a little California startup. Font: The Drive

[bnfbc]

The Hot Zone - by Richard Preston - May 2020 - selected by Paul

Andy: “I found this book to be quite enthralling. It read like a movie. The descriptive scene at the beginning of the book when the man gets Ebola really hooked me. Ebola is frightening. I learned a lot about the different levels of diseases and how much more we need to learn!” A

Gabe: “Read like an action movie, and was super interesting and informative at the same time. I learned a lot about Ebola and how terrifying those diseases are, and appreciated how the author was before his time in writing such a readable popular-science book. My only ding on the book was that the detail on clearing out the monkey lab got a little tedious. Overall, a really enjoyable book.” A-

Jachles: “Another hit for the Preston boys. Despite the fact that the subject matter was frightening, especially in this current moment, it was a fun book to read. The book reads like a movie, which is probably why Outbreak happened. The ultra-descriptive writing style definitely brought to light just how horrible Ebola Virus is. The book lost some momentum in the second half, with the writing sometimes veering into over-the-top sentimentality and forced cliffhangers. And don’t get me started on the weird and condescending ways that he referred to some of the African people involved in the story - “the women who were happy to love” Charles Monet were in fact prostitutes. Richard Preston seems like the type of guy who you invite over for to watch the game and drink some beers, and all he does is talk about the Marburg Virus. In the eventual Preston Boys biopic, George Clooney will play Douglas and Rick Moranis will play Richard. Despite all of these small critiques, it’s an amazing book.” A-

Paul: “This book has one of the great opening chapters of any book we’ve read, with the intense and graphic description of Charles Monet’s death from Marburg Virus. Definitely the first time I’ve literally felt my stomach turning while reading a non-fiction book. While sometimes over-the-top and borderline cheesy, Preston’s vivid descriptions and novelistic plotting definitely make for a page-turner. It loses a bit of momentum when the action shifts to the monkey house, but this book is an excellent introduction to the basics of the Ebola and Marburg viruses. The terror of a potential Ebola outbreak is all the more palpable as we’ve witnessed our government totally botch the containment of a much milder and less (to quote my man RP) ‘hot’ virus.” A-

Tommy: "Preston started this book hot with a graphic and stomach churning description of the Marburg virus that had me riveted. The first section really read more like a science fiction thriller than a non-fiction book. I enjoyed Preston's style of detailing the various thread viruses and showing their real world impact on people with the first known cases. The book's middle third grabbed my attention with the discovery of a thread virus in the U.S., but really dragged when it became a procedural within the monkey house and the navigation of bureaucratic red tape. I was surprised at the end of the book when Preston turned to his own personal journey to potentially find the source of ebola and was initially intrigued, but my interest waned as the story went on. Richard may be the better writer among the Preston boys, but I have to give Douglas the win for being more of a badass." B+

GPA: 3.67

[pom-conjuring]

Secret Behind Technology Blogging: A Best Niche In Blogging

Blogging about technology is among the best ways to get ahead in contemporary society. In actuality, technology blogging is the ideal market in blogging these days for anybody who wishes to start up a thriving business.

If you're planning to create a new business or some other successful business ventures, among the most effective ways to do so is to think about the technology market in blogging.

The Secrets of Niche Blogging: Technology

Nowadays there are several technologies to choose from, it is hard not to blog about them. Some popular examples of technology sites include:

IPhone how to tutorials and guides

Information and technology news

Technology updates and rumors

The latest technological breakthroughs

Android

Windows and Mac

Technology Editorials and Opinion Pieces

Technology blogs are an ideal accompaniment to a day job although lots of folks find running a market technology blog could be exciting and occupy a little bit of time on the side.

How To Run A Successful Secret Technology Niche Blogging Business

It doesn't take long to acquire a market technology blog up and running. All one need to do is put up a site account, which can be easily done through WordPress or some other free blogging module.

Typically it can help to add a new blog post at least once or twice weekly, if not daily. This helps to compete with ultra high-definition sites. The technology market is one of the easiest markets to write about.

There are a great deal of information available about most kinds of technology. There's always something new in the information about the most current iPhone, or that which some celebrity or celebrity has done with their Mac, or newest technology apparatus.

Another approach to technology is writing about how you made money using technology. Most individuals want nothing more than to find out about how they could earn money using technology. And, that's basically what you do when you create a market technology blog... earn money using technology.

Another terrific market in the technology arena is a site focusing on overall technological progress and information. However, the competition for a market that wide however, may be quite high, particularly in regards to buying AdSense revenue. If you can narrow your technology market down significantly, to something very narrow, then you'll reap the benefits.

Great, narrow markets are well thought out. Some examples may include quite detailed subjects and market topics, including:

iPhone covers and cases

Android Travel Phones

Mac notebook covers and cases

Windows technological breakthroughs

The more narrow the topic material, the more likely you are to pick keywords that bring in targeted audience members. There's also less likely to be competition for your keywords. You would like to cover as little as possible to bring Ad Sense revenues. 

Bear in mind that the key is out; technology is a superb niche to make the most of. People are constantly seeking new and fascinating information regarding technology. So find the areas you are able to write better about, and dig . Discover for yourself the secret behind technology blogging and find a good market in the technology blogging that you and your business can get profit from.

Humanity and Technology: The Alliance

THE SITUATION....THE GAP

Technology is advancing at lightning speed. Equipment that once was obsolete two decades ago is now obsolete within 6 months. Businesses and governments are attempting to find their economic stability as customers buy goods laterally, from one another through the Internet, often avoiding traditional consumer shopping or payment of sales tax.

Humanity is reeling from the physical effects of technology also. Normal human development doesn't occur at lightning speed; it's a timed and sequenced process that needs human interaction, behavioral learning, and actual experiences, if we want to learn the entire spectrum of emotion and mature into healthy and happy adults. In times past, how we lived our lives incorporated human interaction. Technology has changed the way we live. 

While we continue to crave fresh and faster technology, as physical beings, we also feel that the physical effects of getting what we want. We're becoming isolated and narrow in focus, perpetuating a narrow, shallow, and isolated existence. Human beings weren't meant to live this way. The human spirit has to be nourished and replenished with play, work, friendship and love. In the heart of us, we're emotionally and physically energetic beings. When we lose our ability and the chance for emotional contentedness, we're in danger of becoming as inanimate as the technology we so greatly desire.

Our digital media culture bombards the present world with mass reproduction and reproducible that can fool the human eye. Reality can get distorted; what is real and what is not real? The term, simulacrum signifies an unreal or superficial likeness, a backup without the first. Photographs, TV, video games, advertisements, special effects, and computers are a part of our digital media, offering graphics so realistically generated or changed, they can seem real, even if they aren't. This inability to distinguish the real from the not real causes us to question our reality and we start to mistrust our own senses. We start to feel that nothing is real. This contributes to feelings of apathy, hopelessness, and, in the end, anarchy. If nothing is real, then nothing really matters. We become as robotic as our technological creations, and as cold and unfeeling. This is death to a human soul which needs the warmth of human relationship, trust and touch as its base. And, the human soul won't go quietly into the night; it won't vanish without a fight. It will find another means to express itself, also often in the sensual world of substance abuse and dependence.

A fundamental understanding of human development is required to comprehend the basic nature of the gap that's been created by our technological progress. Our experiences from birth to age five set in place the neural bases upon which future learning depends: self-awareness, self-regulation, communication skills, personal relationships and the capacity to learn from cause and effect. When one of those core developmental processes isn't successfully navigated, it alters the capacity to learn, grow and grow. As human beings, we react to and grow from being held, talked to, read to, listening to music, and played , and pleasurable physical adventures with others. Without these foundations we regress, into human beings without a self-awareness, no self-control, not able to communicate our thoughts, needs or desires to other people, difficulty making or keeping relationships. And, not aware of what's wrong, we're not able to learn from our errors.

This is particularly troubling in a wired world of information overload, and getting more so as technology expands and speeds up its own domain. When technology is offered to kids too early, during human anatomy, it creates a problem. It could give an intellectual exchange, but not the nuances of an individual exchange. 

The word simulation means the practice of faking, an imitation or representation of behavior, of one system through the use of another system. The military, law enforcement and businesses utilize the technology of virtual reality as a coaching tool, to train for the actual thing. The technology of virtual reality may offer a partial learning experience, an intellectual experience but not a human experience. It's an incomplete experience that lacks the entire inclusion of the five senses, the very senses through which we experience being human. As soon as we become aware and sense a complete sensory experience, incorporated through a shared physical experience, it will become practical, developing a human ability that we can use in future interactions.

As modern technology necessitates our cognitive self to accelerate, the remainder of our nervous system lags behind. This finally becomes a bridge too far and we create a split within ourselves, pitting technical being against human being: a mind with no body, intellect without emotion.

It does not have to be this way. Technology can improve the human world, but technology can also improve the human being. What's needed are new ways to incorporate technology with fundamental human needs and use that technology in the support of human evolution.

[allenmendezsr]

The Ultimate Survival Guide

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[blogdanielwilson-blog]

4 Key Digital Transformation Trends in Hospitality

As new technologies evolve and market disruptors reach their critical mass, every industry faces the need for a core transformation. The hospitality industry is no exception. Modern guests expect to have a customer-centric hotel experience starting as early as choosing a destination and learning more about accommodations and property. Guests also want more comfort, features, convenience, faster customer service, new experiences, and the list is growing.

Most of the customer-focused features offered by most large and small hotel operators and various chains are quite rudimentary vs. the possibilities brought by cutting-edge technologies. Therefore, hotel operators need to be aware of the looming offerings of competitors and play catch-up, and/or pioneer some of the newest features their clients will welcome and perceive as premium. Given this need for a rapid change to sustain the pace of the fourth industrial revolution that is upon us, demand for technologies that help address the challenges in an effective and meaningful way may seem overwhelming.

As Intellectsoft has been working with leading hotel operators, helping them implement the latest technologies, we share our expertise on what to expect in the hotel industry's technology landscape in future. From Internet of Things (IoT) based smart room features allowing guests to control all amenities, to autonomous artificial intelligence based chatbot solutions enhancing response time and automating basic hotel experience, let's explore four main technologies underpinning digital transformation trends in the hospitality industry — IoT, artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, and mobile.

Internet of Things (IoT): Smart Rooms, Beacons & Tablets

As in any other business today, customers expect seamless experience shifts between their home, car, airplane, and chosen hospitality amenities. The level of technology adoption at each instance should be more advanced — or at minimum on par with what customers have at home, i.e. the ability to stream subscription-based content or control devices like air conditioners without moving about. Guests expect to extract maximum value from what they paid for — a demanding target in the age of market disruptors like Airbnb. Enabled by the combination of IoT and mobile, hotel rooms are already adopting smart features to partially address those expectations of their end customers.

A smart room enables guests to control amenities and order any guest services via a hotel's mobile app or voice assistant application based on Google Home or Amazon Alexa. In smart rooms, air conditioners, media sets, lights, window shades, and other amenities are all supplied with ultra-compact IoT hardware and embedded software that has the ability to communicate with the hotel app and speech recognition driven voice assistants, allowing guests to control key room elements easily. The application serves as a universal remote where everything is just a few clicks away. On top of that, such an app can include additional features, like ordering in-room services, chatting with staff, and accessing important information (i.e, local flight schedule and hotel food and entertainment options).

If a hotel offers multi-bedroom suites or villas, smart room apps are adaptable to a variety of layouts and accommodation types, ensuring users can control different amenities in different rooms in an easy and intuitive way. In villas, for example, beacon technology needs to supplement other technologies that are present at smaller premises. Beacons are small devices that can send messages to mobile devices, providing navigation and location-based tips. For example, beacons can remind a hotel app a real-time location of the guest to pinpoint the exact room in which a user attempts to control the amenities.

Smart rooms provide a foundation for another hospitality sub-trend — hyper-personalization. The data gathered by the entire device ecosystem will allow hotel operators to fine-tune their guest experiences and address (or even anticipate) specific demands of each guest at every corner — an invaluable capability in the time when hotels need to forecast sudden fluctuations in customer demand.

Plus, both beacons and tablets provide another avenue to drive sales of guest services with personalized offers. For example, Fontainebleau Miami uses its beacon data and property management systems to generate early guest check-in and late-stay personalized promotional offers. While capturing and constantly accessing guests' data, every hotel needs to ensure this data is secure by creating comprehensive privacy policies and giving guests the ability to delete most of the data at check-out.

A leading luxury Asian hotel chain operator is transforming its business model with the help of the latest technologies as we speak. One of their top-tier properties has a slick tablet in each guest room, enabling guests to control room amenities (air conditioning, lights, windows, media centers), chat with staff, order room service, access hotel information, and more. This cloud-based solution that integrates with other systems has a number of additional benefits, including driving sales of services; solidifying its luxury brand and speed of service through a stunning UI & UX feature design and well-built software; allowing the hotel to learn more about their guests, and other.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Guest Experience

AI solutions with machine learning algorithms analyze big data to provide precise estimates across various important industry and risk management metrics, enabling businesses to significantly improve their decision-making capabilities.

The simplest example of how AI is gaining traction in the hospitality industry is the rapidly increasing usage of chatbots, which aim at improving guests' stay at every step. Hotel chatbots analyze data from a wide array of sources (interactions with guests in a hotel app, purchase history, food preferences, stored payment options, spa and amenity usage, etc.) to provide a deeply personalized experience. The more data available to a chatbot's algorithms to learn from, the better is the delivered outcome and chatbot's suggestions. Furthermore, AI-driven chatbots have a very quick response time: guests can receive answers to their queries almost immediately, as if they speak with the knowledgeable person facing them.

Chatbots are positioned to dramatically alter the operational backbone of the hospitality industry, starting with something as simple as the booking process, and proceeding to streamlining workflows at call centers and other hotel support units. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in chatbots will be trained utilizing historical calls with customers and their booking behavior on a hotel website, offering them the most relevant booking options, the ones they are most likely to use.

Augmented & Virtual Reality (AR / VR)

For better or worse, not all photos of a hotel's exteriors and rooms tell the full story about the hotel to its potential customers while they are booking a room online. Purchasing a right to use property should be treated as any other product purchase online. Ultimately, guests want and should be able to see exactly what they are buying, more so if the hotel is expensive and far from their home.

With AR and VR hotels can offer virtual tours of rooms and all property amenities. These tours should be simple to navigate in the device-agnostic environment: from a smartphone, laptop, through inexpensive glasses like Google Daydream, or sophisticated headsets like Oculus for more comprehensive and immersive tours. The latter option, to be offered by luxury hotels, would require clients to visit an office or have a headset kit delivered to a place of their choice.

Airbnb already prototyped similar experiences. The company showed a VR prototype that lets users explore properties from their homes with a smartphone or VR headset. As for AR, the company detailed a system that allows hosts to leave guiding notes in AR to provide useful information to guests, who will access them by scanning the property with a smartphone.

There are other exciting ways to use these technologies in hotels. For example, a few years ago Marriott surprised their guests with VR postcards, immersing them into headset-driven 3-D travels stories. If a hotel has a certain theme, it can use the concept of Pokemon Go, creating a hotel-themed AR quest for kids where they would explore the hotel by way of discovering items.

Mobile Remains Front & Center

Mobile will continue to be the backbone in the process of improving the technology behind the next-generation hotel experience. A branded hotel mobile app allows for two-way communication between guests and the property: guests can access any hotel service and other information anytime (for example, order room service dinner while they are still in the spa), while the hotel can use the application to get in touch with guests at the right moment, sending important notifications, updates, offers, and alerts.

A hotel app can offer:

Booking options

Remote check-in/check-out

Restaurant booking with in-app menus

Chat with staff

Guest services (in-room dining, laundry, etc.)

Hotel map

Other timely l information (flight schedules, hotel entertainment)

Room key functionality

Today's smart room apps represent only the first iteration on the way to next-generation hotel rooms. So, there is still enough space for innovation, and any hotel can now help shape the future of the industry with fresh ideas.

Final Thoughts

Whether it is creating a smart room or implementing AI-driven algorithms, innovation is never easy, more so if core aspects of the hotel experience are in question. To help hotels make solid first steps in their transformation efforts, we have gathered our innovation leaders for a webinar to share unique insights and real-life case studies of Digital Transformation (DT) in the hospitality industry.

[yashikamaroon]

Audience Response System: An Event Booster

What is the Audience Response System?

Audience Response System is the voting device or an interactive system that using which feedback of audience can be collected easily.  ARS System provides the provide rich reply information including choice, voting, judge, and score to quickly collect real and authentic feedback of audience, which develops communication between presenters and audience and makes the meeting more productive. The voting pad systems encompass both a wireless hardware and presenter software to display questions, record responses, and provide feedback.  This powerful small device built the powerful response system and direct communication between audiences and the presenter

Benefits

Audience response system helps make classroom gatherings more interactive. It can be made more interactive by correlating in-class feedback and responses, then display secret results in real time using charts and graphs.  It can also be followed by quizzing and attendance.  

Audience Response System Amazing equipment:

An audience response system (ARS) has been commended as a compelling display instrument, particularly in light of the fact that it changes an approach into an instinctive learning practice. Every member present in the seminar is equipped with a keypad system to record their response, further displayed on the screen. The Best Wireless Audience Response The system enables students to answer electronically all questions using a remote keyboard device. Analytically and graphically, all responses are displayed in a second that makes the result navigation easier and can be easily discussed by the teacher and the class/seminar and meetings, etc.

Take your event to the next level

Basically, audience response systems utilized for large-scale meetings and conferences. Besides, corporate trainers like to use small audience response system to provide training to their employees who aren’t present in the office. In brief, all businesses whether it is a large-scale or small like to use wireless audience response system when they need to accumulate data from the public. Rather than buying an audience response system, you can go for the rental system which will be more beneficial for you.

Translation India wireless voting pad system rentals and electronic voting keypads are pocket-friendly and come within the price range of event managers. They broadly provide the range of high quality, ultra-advanced voting pad systems on rent from a diversity of locations in India. This emerging brand is crafting a benchmark among its opponents and is here to stay for a long time. However, they involved as the key contributor in delivering innovative equipment to major live events.

Key features of Translation India audience response system:

There are loads of benefits of using audience response systems for conferences, events and even classrooms where you need to accumulate data from a corpus. Some are as follow:

•    Easily available on rent or can be purchased easily

•    A wide range of application open for conferences

•    Improves the audience engagement in the events, and conference

•    Accurate and quick data accumulation

•    Immediate results with effective feedback

•    Increase audience attentiveness towards presentation

Therefore, feel free to talk with the Translation India if you find the device interesting, get more knowledge by visiting the website of translation India or you can directly call them on the below-given number. Translation India will contact you and will guide you on how to use the device or how you can purchase this device on the rent. A specialist at translation India has years of experience and expert knowledge in this arena that will provide you with device immense knowledge and information. Simply fill out the inquiry form provided on the website they will get back in contact as soon as possible. For more reference pictures or other information, please contact @ 9811200494

[arickert93]

Language Thoughts: Is English Less Formal?

If any of you have lived abroad and learned other languages, it will become quickly apparent that there is a whole lot going on behind language than just basic communication. We use language to show a multitude of qualities about ourselves: our social status, our education, our gender and our closeness with the person we’re speaking to! In French, we have tu (informal singular you) and vous (formal singular and plural you). In Japanese, we have a special verb ending called “-masu” so that taberu (I eat) becomes tabemasu (I politely eat). If you want to be REALLY polite in Japanese, you even use honorific/humble forms of common verbs. taberu would then become meshiagaru (you honorably eat) and itadaku (I humbly partake). 

This all sounds so complicated and regular that many English speakers, native and non-native alike, feel perplexed when learning English. To them, English lacks this formality and has become this ultra casual new language where everyone is equal and we don’t have to worry about social hierarchy when speaking, right? WRONG.

English’s Formal “You”

When you read Shakespeare (please God, at least read one Shakespeare play in your life) you will remember that English also had a second form of you, “thou.” This “thou” has become so antiquated and associated with Shakespearean literature, and even GOD in the bible, that people often feel that “thou” was our formal you and we just defaulted to the casual.

But, actually, “thou,” was informal. So, basically, English speakers got tired of accidentally being too casual with each other and decided to just be polite all the time, rather than the other way around. Of course, you doesn’t sound remotely polite or impolite nowadays, but the intent behind the word was to default to politeness, especially when there was no other reason not to. “Thou” and “you” are used nearly identically, aside from a simple difference in conjugation (thou art/thou hast vs. you are/you have). 

So English defaulted to the formal, but then how do we then act informal?

Swear Language

English has very colorful swear language. I can’t compare it to all languages, but I know that compared to Japanese, English has dozens more bad words and ways to use those words. Even French just doesn’t seem to have the sheer versatility of English. Just look at “fuck” and all of its meanings and functions in a sentence.

And using swear language can be very rude, but it can also be very casual. While we avoid using swear language at work or with people older than us, many of us use it with our friends and peers. This shows that English speakers are aware of how their language plays into social settings. And, by carefully not using swear language through playful replacement words like “fudge,” or set approved exclamations like “Oh my goodness!” We can move up to a more neutral tone.

But how do we get to politeness?

Formality and Length

What essentially sets formal expressions apart from casual expressions is how much time and thought it takes to say them. For example, when making requests in English, we have multiple levels of formality:

Would you be so kind as to do this for me? Would you be able to do this for me? Could you do this for me? Would you do this for me? Can you do this for me? Will you do this for me? Do this for me? Do this for me.

Of course, we could also add “please” to all of these phrases to make them even more polite. Clearly, we have a number of different formal levels when speaking, and the person we are speaking to and the value of the request we’re making determines which one is most appropriate. Social status in particular is where I feel English has become most complicated. 

What Does “Respect” Mean in English Speaking Cultures?

This is probably what frustrates non-native English speakers the most. I’ll use the U.S. as my example since I’m from there. To the outside eye, it seems like Americans have broken down social hierarchy. Employees are making casual jokes with their boss and students call their professors by their first names. What has happened?

But this is where even Americans have trouble navigating. Social mobility, while not accessible to everyone in the U.S., has become much more common than the days when people were born as rulers or peasants. This means that someone from humble beginnings can believe that he or she will one day be in charge of a lot of people, and may not be altogether comfortable with the shift in language required of them. In fact, casualness can be seen as a form of confident directness. Having the courage to be frank with someone who should intimidate you can actually be admirable, and many people nowadays are recognizing this.

Of course, young Americans are entering a professional culture where they need to be more perspicacious than ever. Not all superiors want to be treated or spoken to as equals, and a young American (a young English speaker) needs to still be able to use formal English, however obscure it might seem.

So the next time one of your friends from abroad makes a jab at English’s casualness, I hope you push them to think more deeply about what formality even means in today’s rapidly changing social structure.

[savingcontent]

Microsoft Flight Simulator is the eleventh major entry in the series that began in 1982, and has evolved greatly even from the last official release in 2006. It’s a game that’s different things to many people: an educational tool for learning how to fly before getting in a real plane, a sandbox to fly from virtually any airport to the next, a role-playing game where you’re a pilot transporting passengers to their destination, or maybe just a means to pass the time by goofing around in the air. Whatever it is to you, Microsoft Flight Simulator has returned in 2020 to offer old and new players the thrill of flight. It may be simply named Microsoft Flight Simulator but know it’s anything but simple, as there’s a complex and detailed recreation of all things aeronautics that’s unparalleled.

Asobo Studio has focused on three key areas for how to build Flight Simulator: world, weather, and aerodynamics. The first is exemplified by using Bing maps to recreate 3D items from mountains to individual buildings. The world is represented 1:1, meaning that flights from JFK to LAX take the full five hours and change to complete. And aerodynamics are fully represented by the fact that realistic methods flying are paramount, to include but not limited to not having an excessive airspeed, adjusting flaps, having proper balance in weight, and not turning too hard. All of these elements coalesce into a beautiful reflection of our world’s physics system to near-perfection that’s both intuitive and authentic.

This being a Microsoft game, it does support keyboard + mouse, controllers, and most importantly joystick setups natively. Keyboard and mouse works well, but feels like more of an accessory than a primary means for controlling the game. The Xbox One controller works fine, if not a bit wily in terms of it overcompensating. So it needs some tweaks. The most exciting thing though, was it detected my Thrustmaster T16000M FCS HOTAS right away. During training, it even showed me a picture of my devices and their corresponding buttons. Even when using a HOTAS, you still have to be near your keyboard for certain actions. No matter how you want to play, there’s a way.

There’s three modes of play that make up Flight Simulator. There’s the World Map, which is where you engage in free flight. Here you can just pick an airport to fly out of and go, or you can create a flight plan to have an actual destination. This is also how you get into the multiplayer to be around others playing the game. The multiplayer can be turned on or off each time you go into it, with the options of setting it to live players, all players, or off (group only). You can opt for air traffic to be live (using real flight data), or AI (computer traffic). Then you can set the weather and time for live (utilizing real-world meteorogicial data), preset, or custom. The blending of both online and offline is seamless, being only just a few clicks away from playing with friends.

Next, you have Flight Training. Which, this should ultimately be the first thing you do. It does an excellent job of teaching you basic flight, and all the essentials of playing the game. You’ll be given a Cessna 152 to fly in, a propeller plane that’s not very fast, doesn’t go very high, but is the best plane to start out with. There are eight sections for training, taking about 90 minutes to complete, and that’s not considering time taken for needing to restart any of the later lessons.

And lastly there are Activities. These are broken up between Landing Challenges and Bush Flights. The bush flights cover large areas, taking passengers on the flight of a lifetime, though there’s only a handful of them. The landing challenges are broken up into three tiers of difficulty that get progressively more challenging as they go on. They cover the world’s trickiest approaches and runways that you’ve probably not considered or have seen before. While there’s 24 landing challenges on their own, there needs to be more variety. I’m missing the missions from FSX, the ones where something catastrophic happens like an engine going up in flames or shutting down entirely and having to land safely in an emergency. Even something like the sponsored races would be a change of pace. I hope this comes in time, either from the developers or from the community.

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First-person view is incredibly detailed. Every button of the cockpit is interactive. You can zoom in as close as you need, isolate your view to certain panels, which will give you better understanding of everything available to you. For the first time, the third-person view is worth a damn. It’s always been great for screenshots, but here instrument panels are all on-screen for you to gain valuable information to fly from this perspective, and even land if you find landing a Boeing 747 too difficult from first-person. This makes the game much more accessible as a result, with both view points being absolutely incredible.

There’s a toolbar to give you quick access to items like prior entries. You’ll be able to pull up the ATC (Air Traffic Control), camera, checklist, controls, AI control (pass flight, comms, etc), fuel, navigational log, objectives, travel to (flight plan), VFR (Visual Flight Rules) map, weather, and custom toolbar (toggle previous settings off or on). Being able to change the weather and time of day on-the-fly is flexible and absolutely stunning to see in action. Whether it’s popping a thunderstorm or clearing the skies, it happens in an instant, and it’s awesome. You also have the ability to active pause the game, meaning you can put the game on-hold and pan the camera for amazing screenshots.

If you want total realism, you can enforce that you follow a pre-flight checklist in order to get off the ground. Coupled with lifelike airports with people on the ground and vehicles moving about, you’ll feel like a real pilot. When you’re up in the air, you don’t have to fight the controls when you properly set the trim, or engage the autopilot (if the plane supports it). The simulation aspect can be as hands-on or as hands-off as you like, this is Flight Simulator your way. As a reward for your time, the game will let you earn your wings. The more hours you spend in the game, you’ll be bestowed a higher tier wing. The entry-level one is given at 50 hours, it’s a great incentive for budding pilots.

Now, those looking for disasters will have to go elsewhere. For things like wind-sheared wings, water landings (for non-water capable aircraft), and collisions with the ground for planes will not be shown. Now there is a developer mode you can enable to allow for such things, but it’s off for a reason. Flight Simulator lacks a filter for craft that can land in water. To my surprise, there are aircraft available and capable of doing so, like the Icon A5. Once I confirmed I was able to do it, it was a pleasant surprise. But it’s puzzling there’s no way to know what ones can or can’t land in water.

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There are three editions of Microsoft Flight Simulator. Standard comes with 20 planes and 30 airports for $59.99, Deluxe adds five planes and airports for $89.99, and Premium Deluxe has a total of 30 planes and 40 airports. The extra cost is not just about more planes and airports, but more realistic and detailed locations. The “non-premium” airports are nondescript and certainly lacking. It’s unclear how far this’ll go, but it’s a preference and desire for all things if you want to spend the money for it.

Conversely, the Standard edition of Microsoft Flight Simulator is available on Xbox Game Pass for PC. Starting at $1 for new subscribers, you can start on Xbox Game Pass to start playing the game right away. For as much as this sounds like an advertisement, it isn’t. It’s just incredibly easy to try this game out for a nominal fee, especially if you’ve never played the series before now.

If you’re still playing Microsoft Flight Simulator X: Steam Edition, then this is a qualified upgrade in just about every way.

If there’s one glaring problem, one bugbear to Microsoft Flight Simulator, it’s the performance. The game looks incredibly photo-realistic on Ultra settings. However, the thing that becomes the most taxing is: dense cities. There’s almost nothing you can do about the framerate when you get in those locations. I noticed that no matter whether I was on Low or Ultra settings, I couldn’t get it above 50fps. Now, this is a game where 60 to 120fps is not really needed. On average, the game ran at about 40fps, and this is absolutely fine for what’s happening on-screen. In addition, the loading times are shockingly slow. I only have SSDs installed, and the game is loaded onto my fastest one. Yet, the game takes a few minutes to load up initially, and then more minutes to get into the game.

Now if there’s one benefit of everything that’s going on, is that Asobo Studio have created the most awe-inspiring and realistic clouds to-date. They look like you can reach out and touch them, seeing them dynamically form and dissipate is a technical marvel.

Something to consider about the game is its size, which comes in above 100GB. This is also based on version of the game you purchased. In addition, there’s live data that will be streamed in to achieve real-time data and more accurate maps. Now, if you’re have a data cap enforced by your ISP, then you might want to restrict or limit the amount of data you download. Data is what allows for multiplayer, you’re given plenty of options to toggle these things on and off at-will. Just make sure you’ve got the room to fit the game as it’ll be inching closer to 125GB.

My PC Specs:

– Microsoft Windows 10 Pro – Intel Core i9 9900K @ 5Ghz (Turbo) – Corsair H115i RGB PLATINUM 97 CFM Liquid CPU Cooler – Corsair Vengeance RGB Pro 32 GB (2 x 16 GB) DDR4-3200 Memory – EVGA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti 11 GB XC ULTRA GAMING – Seagate FireCuda SSD (500GB) – Seagate BarraCuda SSD (1TB / 2TB) – Thrustmaster T16000M FCS HOTAS

Flight Simulator at launch is only the beginning, as it’s set to be a game that evolves and grows over time rather than being a static product. If this was all the game would be, it’s great as-is. It’s a shame that the performance in areas, even on its lowest settings holds this back from reaching legendary status, but it’s a grand return to form for the series. No matter whether you buy it, or download it via Game Pass, you’re getting the best flight simulator to-date. Microsoft Flight Simulator soars to new heights, and has easily been worth the the fourteen year wait.

A Microsoft Store code for Microsoft Flight Simulator – Premium Deluxe Edition was provided in advance by the Microsoft / Xbox for review purposes

Microsoft Flight Simulator Review Microsoft Flight Simulator is the eleventh major entry in the series that began in 1982, and has evolved greatly even from the last official release in 2006.

[riichardwilson]

Understanding Client-Side GraphQl With Apollo-Client In React Apps

About The Author

Blessing Krofegha is a Software Engineer Based in Lagos Nigeria, with a burning desire to contribute to making the web awesome for all, by writing and building … More about Blessing …

Ever tried interacting with a GraphQL server in a client-side application and felt like giving up even before getting anywhere? Ever declined an invitation to join a code base that requires working with GraphQL API because you had no idea? Ever felt like the only front-end engineer who hasn’t learned how to consume GraphQL APIs? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then this tutorial is for you. We’ll be taking a closer look at a few basics of GraphQL and Apollo Client, as well as how to work with both of them. By the end, we’ll have built a pet shop app that uses Apollo Client. Then, you can go on to build your next project.

According to State of JavaScript 2019, 38.7% of developers would like to use GraphQL, while 50.8% of developers would like to learn GraphQL.

Being a query language, GraphQL simplifies the workflow of building a client application. It removes the complexity of managing API endpoints in client-side apps because it exposes a single HTTP endpoint to fetch the required data. Hence, it eliminates overfetching and underfetching of data, as in the case of REST.

But GraphQL is just a query language. In order to use it easily, we need a platform that does the heavy lifting for us. One such platform is Apollo.

The Apollo platform is an implementation of GraphQL that transfers data between the cloud (the server) to the UI of your app. When you use Apollo Client, all of the logic for retrieving data, tracking, loading, and updating the UI is encapsulated by the useQuery hook (as in the case of React). Hence, data fetching is declarative. It also has zero-configuration caching. Just by setting up Apollo Client in your app, you get an intelligent cache out of the box, with no additional configuration required.

Apollo Client is also interoperable with other frameworks, such as Angular, Vue.js, and React.

Note: This tutorial will benefit those who have worked with RESTful or other forms of APIs in the past on the client-side and want to see whether GraphQL is worth taking a shot at. This means you should have worked with an API before; only then will you be able to understand how beneficial GraphQL could be to you. While we will be covering a few basics of GraphQL and Apollo Client, a good knowledge of JavaScript and React Hooks will come in handy.

GraphQL Basics

This article isn’t a complete introduction to GraphQL, but we will define a few conventions before continuing.

What Is GraphQL?

GraphQL is a specification that describes a declarative query language that your clients can use to ask an API for the exact data they want. This is achieved by creating a strong type schema for your API, with ultimate flexibility. It also ensures that the API resolves data and that client queries are validated against a schema. This definition means that GraphQL contains some specifications that make it a declarative query language, with an API that is statically typed (built around Typescript) and making it possible for the client to leverage those type systems to ask the API for the exact data it wants.

So, if we created some types with some fields in them, then, from the client-side, we could say, “Give us this data with these exact fields”. Then the API will respond with that exact shape, just as if we were using a type system in a strongly typed language. You can learn more in my Typescript article.

Let’s look at some conventions of GraphQl that will help us as we continue.

The Basics

Operations In GraphQL, every action performed is called an operation. There are a few operations, namely:

Query This operation is concerned with fetching data from the server. You could also call it a read-only fetch.

Mutation This operation involves creating, updating, and deleting data from a server. It is popularly called a CUD (create, update, and delete) operation.

Subscriptions This operation in GraphQL involves sending data from a server to its clients when specific events take place. They are usually implemented with WebSockets.

In this article, we will be dealing only with query and mutation operations.

Operation names There are unique names for your client-side query and mutation operations.

Variables and arguments Operations can define arguments, very much like a function in most programming languages. Those variables can then be passed to query or mutation calls inside the operation as arguments. Variables are expected to be given at runtime during the execution of an operation from your client.

Aliasing This is a convention in client-side GraphQL that involves renaming verbose or vague field names with simple and readable field names for the UI. Aliasing is necessary in use cases where you don’t want to have conflicting field names.

GraphQL basic conventions. (Large preview)

What Is Client-Side GraphQL?

When a front-end engineer builds UI components using any framework, like Vue.js or (in our case) React, those components are modeled and designed from a certain pattern on the client to suit the data that will be fetched from the server.

One of the most common problems with RESTful APIs is overfetching and underfetching. This happens because the only way for a client to download data is by hitting endpoints that return fixed data structures. Overfetching in this context means that a client downloads more information than is required by the app.

In GraphQL, on the other hand, you’d simply send a single query to the GraphQL server that includes the required data. The server would then respond with a JSON object of the exact data you’ve requested — hence, no overfetching. Sebastian Eschweiler explains the differences between RESTful APIs and GraphQL.

Client-side GraphQL is a client-side infrastructure that interfaces with data from a GraphQL server to perform the following functions:

It manages data by sending queries and mutating data without you having to construct HTTP requests all by yourself. You can spend less time plumbing data and more time building the actual application.

It manages the complexity of a cache for you. So, you can store and retrieve the data fetched from the server, without any third-party interference, and easily avoid refetching duplicate resources. Thus, it identifies when two resources are the same, which is great for a complex app.

It keeps your UI consistent with Optimistic UI, a convention that simulates the results of a mutation (i.e. the created data) and updates the UI even before receiving a response from the server. Once the response is received from the server, the optimistic result is thrown away and replaced with the actual result.

For further information about client-side GraphQL, spare an hour with the cocreator of GraphQL and other cool folks on GraphQL Radio.

What Is Apollo Client?

Apollo Client is an interoperable, ultra-flexible, community-driven GraphQL client for JavaScript and native platforms. Its impressive features include a robust state-management tool (Apollo Link), a zero-config caching system, a declarative approach to fetching data, easy-to-implement pagination, and the Optimistic UI for your client-side application.

Apollo Client stores not only the state from the data fetched from the server, but also the state that it has created locally on your client; hence, it manages state for both API data and local data.

It’s also important to note that you can use Apollo Client alongside other state-management tools, like RedUX, without conflict. Plus, it’s possible to migrate your state management from, say, Redux to Apollo Client (which is beyond the scope of this article). Ultimately, the main purpose of Apollo Client is to enable engineers to query data in an API seamlessly.

Features of Apollo Client

Apollo Client has won over so many engineers and companies because of its extremely helpful features that make building modern robust applications a breeze. The following features come baked in:

Caching Apollo Client supports caching on the fly.

Optimistic UI Apollo Client has cool support for the Optimistic UI. It involves temporarily displaying the final state of an operation (mutation) while the operation is in progress. Once the operation is complete, the real data replaces the optimistic data.

Pagination Apollo Client has built-in functionality that makes it quite easy to implement pagination in your application. It takes care of most of the technical headaches of fetching a list of data, either in patches or at once, using the fetchMore function, which comes with the useQuery hook.

In this article, we will look at a selection of these features.

Enough of the theory. Tighten your seat belt and grab a cup of coffee to go with your pancakes, as we get our hands dirty.

Building Our Web App

This project is inspired by Scott Moss.

We will be building a simple pet shop web app, whose features include:

fetching our pets from the server-side;

creating a pet (which involves creating the name, type of pet, and image);

using the Optimistic UI;

using pagination to segment our data.

To begin, clone the repository, ensuring that the starter branch is what you’ve cloned.

Getting Started

Install the Apollo Client Developer Tools extension for Chrome.

Using the command-line interface (CLI), navigate to the directory of the cloned repository, and run the command to get all dependencies: npm install.

Run the command npm run app to start the app.

While still in the root folder, run the command npm run server. This will start our back-end server for us, which we’ll use as we proceed.

The app should open up in a configured port. Mine is http://localhost:1234/; yours is probably something else.

If everything worked well, your app should look like this:

Cloned starter branch UI. (Large preview)

You’ll notice that we’ve got no pets to display. That’s because we haven’t created such functionality yet.

If you’ve installed Apollo Client Developer Tools correctly, open up the developer tools and click on the tray icon. You’ll see “Apollo” and something like this:

Apollo Client Developer Tools. (Large preview)

Like the RedUX and React developer tools, we will be using Apollo Client Developer Tools to write and test our queries and mutations. The extension comes with the GraphQL Playground.

Fetching Pets

Let’s add the functionality that fetches pets. Move over to client/src/client.js. We’ll be writing Apollo Client, linking it to an API, exporting it as a default client, and writing a new query.

Copy the following code and paste it in client.js:

import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client' import { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory' import { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http' const link = new HttpLink({ uri: 'https://localhost:4000/' }) const cache = new InMemoryCache() const client = new ApolloClient({ link, cache }) export default client

Here’s an explanation of what is happening above:

ApolloClient This will be the function that wraps our app and, thus, interfaces with the HTTP, caches the data, and updates the UI.

InMemoryCache This is the normalized data store in Apollo Client that helps with manipulating the cache in our application.

HttpLink This is a standard network interface for modifying the control flow of GraphQL requests and fetching GraphQL results. It acts as middleware, fetching results from the GraphQL server each time the link is fired. Plus, it’s a good substitute for other options, like Axios and window.fetch.

We declare a link variable that is assigned to an instance of HttpLink. It takes a uri property and a value to our server, which is https://localhost:4000/.

Next is a cache variable that holds the new instance of InMemoryCache.

The client variable also takes an instance of ApolloClient and wraps the link and cache.

Lastly, we export the client so that we can use it across the application.

Before we get to see this in action, we’ve got to make sure that our entire app is exposed to Apollo and that our app can receive data fetched from the server and that it can mutate that data.

To achieve this, let’s head over to client/src/index.js:

import React from 'react' import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom' import { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/react-hooks' import App from './components/App' import client from './client' import './index.css' const Root = () => ( <BrowserRouter> <ApolloProvider client={client}> <App /> </ApolloProvider> </BrowserRouter> ); ReactDOM.render(<Root />, document.getElementById('app')) if (module.hot) { module.hot.accept() }

As you’ll notice in the highlighted code, we’ve wrapped the App component in ApolloProvider and passed the client as a prop to the client. ApolloProvider is similar to React’s Context.Provider. It wraps your React app and places the client in context, which allows you to access it from anywhere in your component tree.

To fetch our pets from the server, we need to write queries that request the exact fields that we want. Head over to client/src/pages/Pets.js, and copy and paste the following code into it:

import React, {useState} from 'react' import gql from 'graphql-tag' import { useQuery, useMutation } from '@apollo/react-hooks' import PetsList from '../components/PetsList' import NewPetModal from '../components/NewPetModal' import Loader from '../components/Loader' const GET_PETS = gql` query getPets { pets { id name type img } } `; export default function Pets () { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); if (loading) return <Loader />; if (error) return <p>An error occured!</p>; const onSubmit = input => { setModal(false) } if (modal) { return <NewPetModal onSubmit={onSubmit} onCancel={() => setModal(false)} /> } return ( <div className="page pets-page"> <section> <div className="row betwee-xs middle-xs"> <div className="col-xs-10"> <h1>Pets</h1> </div> <div className="col-xs-2"> <button onClick={() => setModal(true)}>new pet</button> </div> </div> </section> <section> <PetsList pets={data.pets}/> </section> </div> ) }

With a few bits of code, we are able to fetch the pets from the server.

What Is gql?

It’s important to note that operations in GraphQL are generally JSON objects written with graphql-tag and with backticks.

gql tags are JavaScript template literal tags that parse GraphQL query strings into the GraphQL AST (abstract syntax tree).

Query operations In order to fetch our pets from the server, we need to perform a query operation.

Because we’re making a query operation, we needed to specify the type of operation before naming it.

The name of our query is GET_PETS. It’s a naming convention of GraphQL to use camelCase for field names.

The name of our fields is pets. Hence, we specify the exact fields that we need from the server (id, name, type, img).

useQuery is a React hook that is the basis for executing queries in an Apollo application. To perform a query operation in our React component, we call the useQuery hook, which was initially imported from @apollo/react-hooks. Next, we pass it a GraphQL query string, which is GET_PETS in our case.

When our component renders, useQuery returns an object response from Apollo Client that contains loading, error, and data properties. Thus, they are destructured, so that we can use them to render the UI.

useQuery is awesome. We don’t have to include async-await. It’s already taken care of in the background. Pretty cool, isn’t it?

loading This property helps us handle the loading state of the application. In our case, we return a Loader component while our application loads. By default, loading is false.

error Just in case, we use this property to handle any error that might occur.

data This contains our actual data from the server.

Lastly, in our PetsList component, we pass the pets props, with data.pets as an object value.

At this point, we have successfully queried our server.

To start our application, let’s run the following command:

Start the client app. Run the command npm run app in your CLI.

Start the server. Run the command npm run server in another CLI.

VScode CLI partitioned to start both the client and the server. (Large preview)

If all went well, you should see this:

Pets queried from the server.

Mutating Data

Mutating data or creating data in Apollo Client is almost the same as querying data, with very slight changes.

Still in client/src/pages/Pets.js, let’s copy and paste the highlighted code:

.... const GET_PETS = gql` query getPets { pets { id name type img } } `; const NEW_PETS = gql` mutation CreateAPet($newPet: NewPetInput!) { addPet(input: $newPet) { id name type img } } `; const Pets = () => { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); const [createPet, newPet] = useMutation(NEW_PETS); const onSubmit = input => { setModal(false) createPet({ variables: { newPet: input } }); } if (loading || newPet.loading) return <Loader />; if (error || newPet.error) return <p>An error occured</p>; if (modal) { return <NewPetModal onSubmit={onSubmit} onCancel={() => setModal(false)} /> } return ( <div className="page pets-page"> <section> <div className="row betwee-xs middle-xs"> <div className="col-xs-10"> <h1>Pets</h1> </div> <div className="col-xs-2"> <button onClick={() => setModal(true)}>new pet</button> </div> </div> </section> <section> <PetsList pets={data.pets}/> </section> </div> ) } export default Pets

To create a mutation, we would take the following steps.

1. mutation

To create, update, or delete, we need to perform the mutation operation. The mutation operation has a CreateAPet name, with one argument. This argument has a $newPet variable, with a type of NewPetInput. The ! means that the operation is required; thus, GraphQL won’t execute the operation unless we pass a newPet variable whose type is NewPetInput.

2. addPet

The addPet function, which is inside the mutation operation, takes an argument of input and is set to our $newPet variable. The field sets specified in our addPet function must be equal to the field sets in our query. The field sets in our operation are:

id

name

type

img

3. useMutation

The useMutation React hook is the primary API for executing mutations in an Apollo application. When we need to mutate data, we call useMutation in a React component and pass it a GraphQL string (in our case, NEW_PETS).

When our component renders useMutation, it returns a tuple (that is, an ordered set of data constituting a record) in an array that includes:

a mutate function that we can call at any time to execute the mutation;

an object with fields that represent the current status of the mutation’s execution.

The useMutation hook is passed a GraphQL mutation string (which is NEW_PETS in our case). We destructured the tuple, which is the function (createPet) that will mutate the data and the object field (newPets).

4. createPet

In our onSubmit function, shortly after the setModal state, we defined our createPet. This function takes a variable with an object property of a value set to { newPet: input }. The input represents the various input fields in our form (such as name, type, etc.).

With that done, the outcome should look like this:

Mutation without instant update.

If you observe the GIF closely, you’ll notice that our created pet doesn’t show up instantly, only when the page is refreshed. However, it has been updated on the server.

The big question is, why doesn’t our pet update instantly? Let’s find out in the next section.

Caching In Apollo Client

The reason our app doesn’t update automatically is that our newly created data doesn’t match the cache data in Apollo Client. So, there is a conflict as to what exactly it needs to be updated from the cache.

Simply put, if we perform a mutation that updates or deletes multiple entries (a node), then we are responsible for updating any queries referencing that node, so that it modifies our cached data to match the modifications that a mutation makes to our back-end data.

Keeping Cache In Sync

There are a few ways to keep our cache in sync each time we perform a mutation operation.

The first is by refetching matching queries after a mutation, using the refetchQueries object property (the simplest way).

Note: If we were to use this method, it would take an object property in our createPet function called refetchQueries, and it would contain an array of objects with a value of the query: refetchQueries: [{ query: GET_PETS }].

Because our focus in this section isn’t just to update our created pets in the UI, but to manipulate the cache, we won’t be using this method.

The second approach is to use the update function. In Apollo Client, there’s an update helper function that helps modify the cache data, so that it syncs with the modifications that a mutation makes to our back-end data. Using this function, we can read and write to the cache.

Updating The Cache

Copy the following highlighted code, and paste it in client/src/pages/Pets.js:

...... const Pets = () => { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); const [createPet, newPet] = useMutation(NEW_PETS, { update(cache, { data: { addPet } }) { const data = cache.readQuery({ query: GET_PETS }); cache.writeQuery({ query: GET_PETS, data: { pets: [addPet, ...data.pets] }, }); }, } ); .....

The update function receives two arguments:

The first argument is the cache from Apollo Client.

The second is the exact mutation response from the server. We destructure the data property and set it to our mutation (addPet).

Next, to update the function, we need to check for what query needs to be updated (in our case, the GET_PETS query) and read the cache.

Secondly, we need to write to the query that was read, so that it knows we’re about to update it. We do so by passing an object that contains a query object property, with the value set to our query operation (GET_PETS), and a data property whose value is a pet object and that has an array of the addPet mutation and a copy of the pet’s data.

If you followed these steps carefully, you should see your pets update automatically as you create them. Let’s take a look at the changes:

Pets updates instantly.

Optimistic UI

A lot of people are big fans of loaders and spinners. There’s nothing wrong with using a loader; there are perfect use cases where a loader is the best option. I’ve written about loaders versus spinners and their best use cases.

Loaders and spinners indeed play an important role in UI and UX design, but the arrival of Optimistic UI has stolen the spotlight.

What Is Optimistic UI?

Optimistic UI is a convention that simulates the results of a mutation (created data) and updates the UI before receiving a response from the server. Once the response is received from the server, the optimistic result is thrown away and replaced with the actual result.

In the end, an optimistic UI is nothing more than a way to manage perceived performance and avoid loading states.

Apollo Client has a very interesting way of integrating the Optimistic UI. It gives us a simple hook that allows us to write to the local cache after mutation. Let’s see how it works!

Step 1

Head over to client/src/client.js, and add only the highlighted code.

import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client' import { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory' import { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http' import { setContext } from 'apollo-link-context' import { ApolloLink } from 'apollo-link' const http = new HttpLink({ uri: "http://localhost:4000/" }); const delay = setContext( request => new Promise((success, fail) => { setTimeout(() => { success() }, 800) }) ) const link = ApolloLink.from([ delay, http ]) const cache = new InMemoryCache() const client = new ApolloClient({ link, cache }) export default client

The first step involves the following:

We import setContext from apollo-link-context. The setContext function takes a callback function and returns a promise whose setTimeout is set to 800ms, in order to create a delay when a mutation operation is performed.

The ApolloLink.from method ensures that the network activity that represents the link (our API) from HTTP is delayed.

Step 2

The next step is using the Optimistic UI hook. Slide back to client/src/pages/Pets.js, and add only the highlighted code below.

..... const Pets = () => { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); const [createPet, newPet] = useMutation(NEW_PETS, { update(cache, { data: { addPet } }) { const data = cache.readQuery({ query: GET_PETS }); cache.writeQuery({ query: GET_PETS, data: { pets: [addPet, ...data.pets] }, }); }, } ); const onSubmit = input => { setModal(false) createPet({ variables: { newPet: input }, optimisticResponse: { __typename: 'Mutation', addPet: { __typename: 'Pet', id: Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000 + ''), name: input.name, type: input.type, img: 'https://via.placeholder.com/200' } } }); } .....

The optimisticResponse object is used if we want the UI to update immediately when we create a pet, instead of waiting for the server response.

The code snippets above include the following:

__typename is injected by Apollo into the query to fetch the type of the queried entities. Those types are used by Apollo Client to build the id property (which is a symbol) for caching purposes in apollo-cache. So, __typename is a valid property of the query response.

The mutation is set as the __typename of optimisticResponse.

Just as earlier defined, our mutation’s name is addPet, and the __typename is Pet.

Next are the fields of our mutation that we want the optimistic response to update:

id Because we don’t know what the ID from the server will be, we made one up using Math.floor.

name This value is set to input.name.

type The type’s value is input.type.

img Now, because our server generates images for us, we used a placeholder to mimic our image from the server.

This was indeed a long ride. If you got to the end, don’t hesitate to take a break from your chair with your cup of coffee.

Let’s take a look at our outcome. The supporting repository for this project is on GitHub. Clone and experiment with it.

Final result of our app.

Conclusion

The amazing features of Apollo Client, such as the Optimistic UI and pagination, make building client-side apps a reality.

While Apollo Client works very well with other frameworks, such as Vue.js and Angular, React developers have Apollo Client Hooks, and so they can’t help but enjoy building a great app.

In this article, we’ve only scratched the surface. Mastering Apollo Client demands constant practice. So, go ahead and clone the repository, add pagination, and play around with the other features it offers.

Please do share your feedback and experience in the comments section below. We can also discuss your progress on Twitter. Cheers!

References

(ks, ra, al, yk, il)

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source http://www.scpie.org/understanding-client-side-graphql-with-apollo-client-in-react-apps/ source https://scpie.tumblr.com/post/625015311855419392

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Understanding Client-Side GraphQl With Apollo-Client In React Apps

About The Author

Blessing Krofegha is a Software Engineer Based in Lagos Nigeria, with a burning desire to contribute to making the web awesome for all, by writing and building … More about Blessing …

Ever tried interacting with a GraphQL server in a client-side application and felt like giving up even before getting anywhere? Ever declined an invitation to join a code base that requires working with GraphQL API because you had no idea? Ever felt like the only front-end engineer who hasn’t learned how to consume GraphQL APIs? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then this tutorial is for you. We’ll be taking a closer look at a few basics of GraphQL and Apollo Client, as well as how to work with both of them. By the end, we’ll have built a pet shop app that uses Apollo Client. Then, you can go on to build your next project.

According to State of JavaScript 2019, 38.7% of developers would like to use GraphQL, while 50.8% of developers would like to learn GraphQL.

Being a query language, GraphQL simplifies the workflow of building a client application. It removes the complexity of managing API endpoints in client-side apps because it exposes a single HTTP endpoint to fetch the required data. Hence, it eliminates overfetching and underfetching of data, as in the case of REST.

But GraphQL is just a query language. In order to use it easily, we need a platform that does the heavy lifting for us. One such platform is Apollo.

The Apollo platform is an implementation of GraphQL that transfers data between the cloud (the server) to the UI of your app. When you use Apollo Client, all of the logic for retrieving data, tracking, loading, and updating the UI is encapsulated by the useQuery hook (as in the case of React). Hence, data fetching is declarative. It also has zero-configuration caching. Just by setting up Apollo Client in your app, you get an intelligent cache out of the box, with no additional configuration required.

Apollo Client is also interoperable with other frameworks, such as Angular, Vue.js, and React.

Note: This tutorial will benefit those who have worked with RESTful or other forms of APIs in the past on the client-side and want to see whether GraphQL is worth taking a shot at. This means you should have worked with an API before; only then will you be able to understand how beneficial GraphQL could be to you. While we will be covering a few basics of GraphQL and Apollo Client, a good knowledge of JavaScript and React Hooks will come in handy.

GraphQL Basics

This article isn’t a complete introduction to GraphQL, but we will define a few conventions before continuing.

What Is GraphQL?

GraphQL is a specification that describes a declarative query language that your clients can use to ask an API for the exact data they want. This is achieved by creating a strong type schema for your API, with ultimate flexibility. It also ensures that the API resolves data and that client queries are validated against a schema. This definition means that GraphQL contains some specifications that make it a declarative query language, with an API that is statically typed (built around Typescript) and making it possible for the client to leverage those type systems to ask the API for the exact data it wants.

So, if we created some types with some fields in them, then, from the client-side, we could say, “Give us this data with these exact fields”. Then the API will respond with that exact shape, just as if we were using a type system in a strongly typed language. You can learn more in my Typescript article.

Let’s look at some conventions of GraphQl that will help us as we continue.

The Basics

Operations In GraphQL, every action performed is called an operation. There are a few operations, namely:

Query This operation is concerned with fetching data from the server. You could also call it a read-only fetch.

Mutation This operation involves creating, updating, and deleting data from a server. It is popularly called a CUD (create, update, and delete) operation.

Subscriptions This operation in GraphQL involves sending data from a server to its clients when specific events take place. They are usually implemented with WebSockets.

In this article, we will be dealing only with query and mutation operations.

Operation names There are unique names for your client-side query and mutation operations.

Variables and arguments Operations can define arguments, very much like a function in most programming languages. Those variables can then be passed to query or mutation calls inside the operation as arguments. Variables are expected to be given at runtime during the execution of an operation from your client.

Aliasing This is a convention in client-side GraphQL that involves renaming verbose or vague field names with simple and readable field names for the UI. Aliasing is necessary in use cases where you don’t want to have conflicting field names.

GraphQL basic conventions. (Large preview)

What Is Client-Side GraphQL?

When a front-end engineer builds UI components using any framework, like Vue.js or (in our case) React, those components are modeled and designed from a certain pattern on the client to suit the data that will be fetched from the server.

One of the most common problems with RESTful APIs is overfetching and underfetching. This happens because the only way for a client to download data is by hitting endpoints that return fixed data structures. Overfetching in this context means that a client downloads more information than is required by the app.

In GraphQL, on the other hand, you’d simply send a single query to the GraphQL server that includes the required data. The server would then respond with a JSON object of the exact data you’ve requested — hence, no overfetching. Sebastian Eschweiler explains the differences between RESTful APIs and GraphQL.

Client-side GraphQL is a client-side infrastructure that interfaces with data from a GraphQL server to perform the following functions:

It manages data by sending queries and mutating data without you having to construct HTTP requests all by yourself. You can spend less time plumbing data and more time building the actual application.

It manages the complexity of a cache for you. So, you can store and retrieve the data fetched from the server, without any third-party interference, and easily avoid refetching duplicate resources. Thus, it identifies when two resources are the same, which is great for a complex app.

It keeps your UI consistent with Optimistic UI, a convention that simulates the results of a mutation (i.e. the created data) and updates the UI even before receiving a response from the server. Once the response is received from the server, the optimistic result is thrown away and replaced with the actual result.

For further information about client-side GraphQL, spare an hour with the cocreator of GraphQL and other cool folks on GraphQL Radio.

What Is Apollo Client?

Apollo Client is an interoperable, ultra-flexible, community-driven GraphQL client for JavaScript and native platforms. Its impressive features include a robust state-management tool (Apollo Link), a zero-config caching system, a declarative approach to fetching data, easy-to-implement pagination, and the Optimistic UI for your client-side application.

Apollo Client stores not only the state from the data fetched from the server, but also the state that it has created locally on your client; hence, it manages state for both API data and local data.

It’s also important to note that you can use Apollo Client alongside other state-management tools, like RedUX, without conflict. Plus, it’s possible to migrate your state management from, say, Redux to Apollo Client (which is beyond the scope of this article). Ultimately, the main purpose of Apollo Client is to enable engineers to query data in an API seamlessly.

Features of Apollo Client

Apollo Client has won over so many engineers and companies because of its extremely helpful features that make building modern robust applications a breeze. The following features come baked in:

Caching Apollo Client supports caching on the fly.

Optimistic UI Apollo Client has cool support for the Optimistic UI. It involves temporarily displaying the final state of an operation (mutation) while the operation is in progress. Once the operation is complete, the real data replaces the optimistic data.

Pagination Apollo Client has built-in functionality that makes it quite easy to implement pagination in your application. It takes care of most of the technical headaches of fetching a list of data, either in patches or at once, using the fetchMore function, which comes with the useQuery hook.

In this article, we will look at a selection of these features.

Enough of the theory. Tighten your seat belt and grab a cup of coffee to go with your pancakes, as we get our hands dirty.

Building Our Web App

This project is inspired by Scott Moss.

We will be building a simple pet shop web app, whose features include:

fetching our pets from the server-side;

creating a pet (which involves creating the name, type of pet, and image);

using the Optimistic UI;

using pagination to segment our data.

To begin, clone the repository, ensuring that the starter branch is what you’ve cloned.

Getting Started

Install the Apollo Client Developer Tools extension for Chrome.

Using the command-line interface (CLI), navigate to the directory of the cloned repository, and run the command to get all dependencies: npm install.

Run the command npm run app to start the app.

While still in the root folder, run the command npm run server. This will start our back-end server for us, which we’ll use as we proceed.

The app should open up in a configured port. Mine is http://localhost:1234/; yours is probably something else.

If everything worked well, your app should look like this:

Cloned starter branch UI. (Large preview)

You’ll notice that we’ve got no pets to display. That’s because we haven’t created such functionality yet.

If you’ve installed Apollo Client Developer Tools correctly, open up the developer tools and click on the tray icon. You’ll see “Apollo” and something like this:

Apollo Client Developer Tools. (Large preview)

Like the RedUX and React developer tools, we will be using Apollo Client Developer Tools to write and test our queries and mutations. The extension comes with the GraphQL Playground.

Fetching Pets

Let’s add the functionality that fetches pets. Move over to client/src/client.js. We’ll be writing Apollo Client, linking it to an API, exporting it as a default client, and writing a new query.

Copy the following code and paste it in client.js:

import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client' import { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory' import { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http' const link = new HttpLink({ uri: 'https://localhost:4000/' }) const cache = new InMemoryCache() const client = new ApolloClient({ link, cache }) export default client

Here’s an explanation of what is happening above:

ApolloClient This will be the function that wraps our app and, thus, interfaces with the HTTP, caches the data, and updates the UI.

InMemoryCache This is the normalized data store in Apollo Client that helps with manipulating the cache in our application.

HttpLink This is a standard network interface for modifying the control flow of GraphQL requests and fetching GraphQL results. It acts as middleware, fetching results from the GraphQL server each time the link is fired. Plus, it’s a good substitute for other options, like Axios and window.fetch.

We declare a link variable that is assigned to an instance of HttpLink. It takes a uri property and a value to our server, which is https://localhost:4000/.

Next is a cache variable that holds the new instance of InMemoryCache.

The client variable also takes an instance of ApolloClient and wraps the link and cache.

Lastly, we export the client so that we can use it across the application.

Before we get to see this in action, we’ve got to make sure that our entire app is exposed to Apollo and that our app can receive data fetched from the server and that it can mutate that data.

To achieve this, let’s head over to client/src/index.js:

import React from 'react' import ReactDOM from 'react-dom' import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router-dom' import { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/react-hooks' import App from './components/App' import client from './client' import './index.css' const Root = () => ( <BrowserRouter> <ApolloProvider client={client}> <App /> </ApolloProvider> </BrowserRouter> ); ReactDOM.render(<Root />, document.getElementById('app')) if (module.hot) { module.hot.accept() }

As you’ll notice in the highlighted code, we’ve wrapped the App component in ApolloProvider and passed the client as a prop to the client. ApolloProvider is similar to React’s Context.Provider. It wraps your React app and places the client in context, which allows you to access it from anywhere in your component tree.

To fetch our pets from the server, we need to write queries that request the exact fields that we want. Head over to client/src/pages/Pets.js, and copy and paste the following code into it:

import React, {useState} from 'react' import gql from 'graphql-tag' import { useQuery, useMutation } from '@apollo/react-hooks' import PetsList from '../components/PetsList' import NewPetModal from '../components/NewPetModal' import Loader from '../components/Loader' const GET_PETS = gql` query getPets { pets { id name type img } } `; export default function Pets () { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); if (loading) return <Loader />; if (error) return <p>An error occured!</p>; const onSubmit = input => { setModal(false) } if (modal) { return <NewPetModal onSubmit={onSubmit} onCancel={() => setModal(false)} /> } return ( <div className="page pets-page"> <section> <div className="row betwee-xs middle-xs"> <div className="col-xs-10"> <h1>Pets</h1> </div> <div className="col-xs-2"> <button onClick={() => setModal(true)}>new pet</button> </div> </div> </section> <section> <PetsList pets={data.pets}/> </section> </div> ) }

With a few bits of code, we are able to fetch the pets from the server.

What Is gql?

It’s important to note that operations in GraphQL are generally JSON objects written with graphql-tag and with backticks.

gql tags are JavaScript template literal tags that parse GraphQL query strings into the GraphQL AST (abstract syntax tree).

Query operations In order to fetch our pets from the server, we need to perform a query operation.

Because we’re making a query operation, we needed to specify the type of operation before naming it.

The name of our query is GET_PETS. It’s a naming convention of GraphQL to use camelCase for field names.

The name of our fields is pets. Hence, we specify the exact fields that we need from the server (id, name, type, img).

useQuery is a React hook that is the basis for executing queries in an Apollo application. To perform a query operation in our React component, we call the useQuery hook, which was initially imported from @apollo/react-hooks. Next, we pass it a GraphQL query string, which is GET_PETS in our case.

When our component renders, useQuery returns an object response from Apollo Client that contains loading, error, and data properties. Thus, they are destructured, so that we can use them to render the UI.

useQuery is awesome. We don’t have to include async-await. It’s already taken care of in the background. Pretty cool, isn’t it?

loading This property helps us handle the loading state of the application. In our case, we return a Loader component while our application loads. By default, loading is false.

error Just in case, we use this property to handle any error that might occur.

data This contains our actual data from the server.

Lastly, in our PetsList component, we pass the pets props, with data.pets as an object value.

At this point, we have successfully queried our server.

To start our application, let’s run the following command:

Start the client app. Run the command npm run app in your CLI.

Start the server. Run the command npm run server in another CLI.

VScode CLI partitioned to start both the client and the server. (Large preview)

If all went well, you should see this:

Pets queried from the server.

Mutating Data

Mutating data or creating data in Apollo Client is almost the same as querying data, with very slight changes.

Still in client/src/pages/Pets.js, let’s copy and paste the highlighted code:

.... const GET_PETS = gql` query getPets { pets { id name type img } } `; const NEW_PETS = gql` mutation CreateAPet($newPet: NewPetInput!) { addPet(input: $newPet) { id name type img } } `; const Pets = () => { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); const [createPet, newPet] = useMutation(NEW_PETS); const onSubmit = input => { setModal(false) createPet({ variables: { newPet: input } }); } if (loading || newPet.loading) return <Loader />; if (error || newPet.error) return <p>An error occured</p>; if (modal) { return <NewPetModal onSubmit={onSubmit} onCancel={() => setModal(false)} /> } return ( <div className="page pets-page"> <section> <div className="row betwee-xs middle-xs"> <div className="col-xs-10"> <h1>Pets</h1> </div> <div className="col-xs-2"> <button onClick={() => setModal(true)}>new pet</button> </div> </div> </section> <section> <PetsList pets={data.pets}/> </section> </div> ) } export default Pets

To create a mutation, we would take the following steps.

1. mutation

To create, update, or delete, we need to perform the mutation operation. The mutation operation has a CreateAPet name, with one argument. This argument has a $newPet variable, with a type of NewPetInput. The ! means that the operation is required; thus, GraphQL won’t execute the operation unless we pass a newPet variable whose type is NewPetInput.

2. addPet

The addPet function, which is inside the mutation operation, takes an argument of input and is set to our $newPet variable. The field sets specified in our addPet function must be equal to the field sets in our query. The field sets in our operation are:

id

name

type

img

3. useMutation

The useMutation React hook is the primary API for executing mutations in an Apollo application. When we need to mutate data, we call useMutation in a React component and pass it a GraphQL string (in our case, NEW_PETS).

When our component renders useMutation, it returns a tuple (that is, an ordered set of data constituting a record) in an array that includes:

a mutate function that we can call at any time to execute the mutation;

an object with fields that represent the current status of the mutation’s execution.

The useMutation hook is passed a GraphQL mutation string (which is NEW_PETS in our case). We destructured the tuple, which is the function (createPet) that will mutate the data and the object field (newPets).

4. createPet

In our onSubmit function, shortly after the setModal state, we defined our createPet. This function takes a variable with an object property of a value set to { newPet: input }. The input represents the various input fields in our form (such as name, type, etc.).

With that done, the outcome should look like this:

Mutation without instant update.

If you observe the GIF closely, you’ll notice that our created pet doesn’t show up instantly, only when the page is refreshed. However, it has been updated on the server.

The big question is, why doesn’t our pet update instantly? Let’s find out in the next section.

Caching In Apollo Client

The reason our app doesn’t update automatically is that our newly created data doesn’t match the cache data in Apollo Client. So, there is a conflict as to what exactly it needs to be updated from the cache.

Simply put, if we perform a mutation that updates or deletes multiple entries (a node), then we are responsible for updating any queries referencing that node, so that it modifies our cached data to match the modifications that a mutation makes to our back-end data.

Keeping Cache In Sync

There are a few ways to keep our cache in sync each time we perform a mutation operation.

The first is by refetching matching queries after a mutation, using the refetchQueries object property (the simplest way).

Note: If we were to use this method, it would take an object property in our createPet function called refetchQueries, and it would contain an array of objects with a value of the query: refetchQueries: [{ query: GET_PETS }].

Because our focus in this section isn’t just to update our created pets in the UI, but to manipulate the cache, we won’t be using this method.

The second approach is to use the update function. In Apollo Client, there’s an update helper function that helps modify the cache data, so that it syncs with the modifications that a mutation makes to our back-end data. Using this function, we can read and write to the cache.

Updating The Cache

Copy the following highlighted code, and paste it in client/src/pages/Pets.js:

...... const Pets = () => { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); const [createPet, newPet] = useMutation(NEW_PETS, { update(cache, { data: { addPet } }) { const data = cache.readQuery({ query: GET_PETS }); cache.writeQuery({ query: GET_PETS, data: { pets: [addPet, ...data.pets] }, }); }, } ); .....

The update function receives two arguments:

The first argument is the cache from Apollo Client.

The second is the exact mutation response from the server. We destructure the data property and set it to our mutation (addPet).

Next, to update the function, we need to check for what query needs to be updated (in our case, the GET_PETS query) and read the cache.

Secondly, we need to write to the query that was read, so that it knows we’re about to update it. We do so by passing an object that contains a query object property, with the value set to our query operation (GET_PETS), and a data property whose value is a pet object and that has an array of the addPet mutation and a copy of the pet’s data.

If you followed these steps carefully, you should see your pets update automatically as you create them. Let’s take a look at the changes:

Pets updates instantly.

Optimistic UI

A lot of people are big fans of loaders and spinners. There’s nothing wrong with using a loader; there are perfect use cases where a loader is the best option. I’ve written about loaders versus spinners and their best use cases.

Loaders and spinners indeed play an important role in UI and UX design, but the arrival of Optimistic UI has stolen the spotlight.

What Is Optimistic UI?

Optimistic UI is a convention that simulates the results of a mutation (created data) and updates the UI before receiving a response from the server. Once the response is received from the server, the optimistic result is thrown away and replaced with the actual result.

In the end, an optimistic UI is nothing more than a way to manage perceived performance and avoid loading states.

Apollo Client has a very interesting way of integrating the Optimistic UI. It gives us a simple hook that allows us to write to the local cache after mutation. Let’s see how it works!

Step 1

Head over to client/src/client.js, and add only the highlighted code.

import { ApolloClient } from 'apollo-client' import { InMemoryCache } from 'apollo-cache-inmemory' import { HttpLink } from 'apollo-link-http' import { setContext } from 'apollo-link-context' import { ApolloLink } from 'apollo-link' const http = new HttpLink({ uri: "http://localhost:4000/" }); const delay = setContext( request => new Promise((success, fail) => { setTimeout(() => { success() }, 800) }) ) const link = ApolloLink.from([ delay, http ]) const cache = new InMemoryCache() const client = new ApolloClient({ link, cache }) export default client

The first step involves the following:

We import setContext from apollo-link-context. The setContext function takes a callback function and returns a promise whose setTimeout is set to 800ms, in order to create a delay when a mutation operation is performed.

The ApolloLink.from method ensures that the network activity that represents the link (our API) from HTTP is delayed.

Step 2

The next step is using the Optimistic UI hook. Slide back to client/src/pages/Pets.js, and add only the highlighted code below.

..... const Pets = () => { const [modal, setModal] = useState(false) const { loading, error, data } = useQuery(GET_PETS); const [createPet, newPet] = useMutation(NEW_PETS, { update(cache, { data: { addPet } }) { const data = cache.readQuery({ query: GET_PETS }); cache.writeQuery({ query: GET_PETS, data: { pets: [addPet, ...data.pets] }, }); }, } ); const onSubmit = input => { setModal(false) createPet({ variables: { newPet: input }, optimisticResponse: { __typename: 'Mutation', addPet: { __typename: 'Pet', id: Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000 + ''), name: input.name, type: input.type, img: 'https://via.placeholder.com/200' } } }); } .....

The optimisticResponse object is used if we want the UI to update immediately when we create a pet, instead of waiting for the server response.

The code snippets above include the following:

__typename is injected by Apollo into the query to fetch the type of the queried entities. Those types are used by Apollo Client to build the id property (which is a symbol) for caching purposes in apollo-cache. So, __typename is a valid property of the query response.

The mutation is set as the __typename of optimisticResponse.

Just as earlier defined, our mutation’s name is addPet, and the __typename is Pet.

Next are the fields of our mutation that we want the optimistic response to update:

id Because we don’t know what the ID from the server will be, we made one up using Math.floor.

name This value is set to input.name.

type The type’s value is input.type.

img Now, because our server generates images for us, we used a placeholder to mimic our image from the server.

This was indeed a long ride. If you got to the end, don’t hesitate to take a break from your chair with your cup of coffee.

Let’s take a look at our outcome. The supporting repository for this project is on GitHub. Clone and experiment with it.

Final result of our app.

Conclusion

The amazing features of Apollo Client, such as the Optimistic UI and pagination, make building client-side apps a reality.

While Apollo Client works very well with other frameworks, such as Vue.js and Angular, React developers have Apollo Client Hooks, and so they can’t help but enjoy building a great app.

In this article, we’ve only scratched the surface. Mastering Apollo Client demands constant practice. So, go ahead and clone the repository, add pagination, and play around with the other features it offers.

Please do share your feedback and experience in the comments section below. We can also discuss your progress on Twitter. Cheers!

References

(ks, ra, al, yk, il)

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source http://www.scpie.org/understanding-client-side-graphql-with-apollo-client-in-react-apps/